专题08 时态语态、 主谓一致（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，全国通用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

该高中英语高考复习资料聚焦时态语态、主谓一致核心考点，系统梳理一般/进行/完成等八大时态的结构与用法，详解被动语态的构成规则及主谓一致三原则，形成从知识梳理到考点精讲再到分级练习的逻辑闭环。通过考点分类突破、高考真题例析、解题方法归纳等教学环节，帮助学生构建语法知识网络，精准突破时态判断、语态转换等难点。 资料创新采用“考点-真题-策略”三维复习模式，如在时态考点中结合“时间状语+上下文语境”双线索分析法，引导学生通过真题例句对比现在完成时与一般过去时的用法差异，培养语言能力和思维品质。设置进阶分级练，从基础巩固到高考模拟，配合即时反馈机制，确保高效复习。为教师提供清晰的考点突破路径和学情诊断工具，助力精准把控复习节奏，提升学生应考能力。

专题08 时态语态、主谓一致 ( 目录 学考要求速览 ...............................................................................................................1 必备知识梳理 ...............................................................................................................1 高频考点精讲 ..............................................................................................................12 进阶分级练 ..................................................................................................................17 ) 1. 掌握时态和语态的结构和基本用法 2. 熟练运用时间状语以及上下文确定动词的时态和语态 3. 掌握一些固定句式中时态和语态的用法 4. 根据句意或主谓一致原则确定名词的数 5. 掌握主谓一致“3”原则 考点一 动词时态 1. 动词的一般时态 1．一般现在时 (1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。 常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，sometimes，usually， every day/night等连用。 (2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。 (3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中， 用一般现在时表示将来。 Around two o’clock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers us. 每天晚上两点左右，苏就 说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。 If it doesn’t rain，we’ll go on a picnic as planned. 如果不下雨，我们将按计划去野餐。 Whatever you say，I will not change my mind. 无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。 The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday. 飞机每周三、周五2：30起飞。 2．一般过去时 表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，与现在没有关系或表示过去一段时间内反复发生的动作， 常 与 every day，often，sometimes等时间状语连用。 —Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been? ——好长时间没见你了！你去哪里了？ —I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year，teaching as a volunteer. ——我去了宁夏，在那里待了一年，作为一名志愿者教学。 3．一般将来时 (1)“shall/will＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动 作或存在的状态。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 (2)“be going to＋动词原形”表示①现在打算或计划将 来 要做的事情；②表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。 (3)“be to＋动词原形”表示①预先安排好的计划或约定；②表示说话人的意志、意图、指责、义务、命令等；③表示 注定要发生的事情。 (4)“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事， 该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 —What time is it? ——几点了？ —I have no idea.But just a minute，I will check it for you. ——我不知道。但是等一会儿，我给你查一下。 —Mr.Li was ill in hospital. ——李老师生病住院了。 —Oh，I didn’t know.I’ll go to see him tonight. ——哦，我还不知道呢。我今晚去看他。 I am to meet Mr.Brown at eleven o’clock this morning. 我要在今天上午11点见布朗先生。 I was about to go out when it began to rain. 我正要外出，这时开始下雨了。 2. 动词的进行时态 1．现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 (2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常限于go，come,leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have， wear等表示移动、方向的动词。 (3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always，constantly，continually等副词连用)。 2．过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten o’clock yesterday等连用。 She was phoning someone，so I nodded to her and went away. 她正在跟别人打电话，因此我朝她点了点头就走开了。 3．将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要从将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。 Daniel’s family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week. 丹尼尔一家人下星期这个时候将在黄山度假。 3. 动词的完成时态 1．现在完成时 (1)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作，常用的时间 状语：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in the last(past) few years，up to now，so far等。 (2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态，常与for,since等表示一段时间的状语连用。 (3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。 (4)This/It is the first/second...time＋that从句，that从句 中 谓语要用现在完成时。 (5)It(This)is the best(worst，most interesting等)＋名词＋定语从句，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。 —Have you heard about the recent election? ——你听说过近期的选举吗？ —Sure，it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days. ——当然了，它是近来三天新闻中唯一的事情了。 It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.这是我自从到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。 This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 这是第一次我们一家人去电影院看电影。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. 除非我亲眼看到，否则我不会相信你的。 2．过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间 状 语：by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time＋句子等。 (3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect， think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示 过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 (4)在“hardly(scarcely)．..when...”，“no sooner...than...” 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……”。 Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she had seen most of the guests before. 索菲娅环视了所有面庞，她有印象——绝大多数的客人以前她都见过。 He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all，he had had it for a very long time. 他把自己的吉他卖掉时并不高兴。毕竟，他拥有这把吉他已经很长时间了。 I had intended to call on you，but I had an unexpected visitor. 我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。 By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college. 杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down. 我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下了。 3．将来完成时 表示在将来某个时间之前完成的动作，并且往往对将来某一时间产生影响。常用时间状语为“by＋将来某个时间”。 By the time Mr.Smith arrives at the supermarket，we will have stayed there for one hour. 等到史密斯先生到达超市时，我们将已经在那里待了一个小时了。 4. 动词的其他时态 1．过去将来时 表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情，多用于宾语从句中。 He hoped that he would be given a more suitable job in 2016. 他希望在2016年能得到更合适的工作。 2．现在完成进行时(have/has been doing) 表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续 到现在,并有可能继续下去,常和for,since引导的时间状语连用。 Since the time humankind started gardening，we have been trying to make our environment more beautiful. 自从人类开始园艺技术的时候起，我们就一直在努力让我们 的环境变得更加美丽。 The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人如何改善这一方案。 3．过去完成进行时(had been doing) 表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到过去某一时刻，这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。 She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years. xk/w 她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续) She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour. 她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续) 考点二 动词语态 核心考点二 动词的语态 动词的语态 动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系.英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态用于主动句,表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态用于被动句,表示主语是动作的承受者.主动语态的构成方式与动词时态相同,而被动语态由 助动词be+过去分词 构成,有人称,数,时态的变化. 1．被动语态的构成为“be＋过去分词”，只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态，除be外被动语态的构 成 形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。 2．只要及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态,不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语： last，cost，spread，happen(to)，take place，belong to， break out，go out，run out，work out。 3.短语动词的被动语态 　 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如： 　　My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。 　　Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。 4. 表示“据说”或“相信” 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如： ( 第 1 页 共 41 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 It is said that…　　 据说　　 It is reported that… 据报道　　　 It is believed that…　大家相信　　　　　 It is hoped that…　大家希望 It is well known that… 众所周知　　 It is thought that…　大家认为 It is suggested that…　据建议　　　　　 It is taken granted that…　 被视为当然　 It has been decided that… 大家决定　　 It must be remember that… 务必记住的是 5. 不用被动语态的情况 　1） 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态。例如： 　  After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。 　  比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。  2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如： This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。  Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。  3） 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：It sounds good. 听上去不错。  4） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如： She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。  5） 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如： 　  （对） She likes to swim. 　  （错） To swim is liked by her.  6. 主动形式表示被动意义 　1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如： 　　 The book sells well.　　这本书销路好。 　　 This knife cuts easily.　 这刀子很好用。 　2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如： 　　 I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。 　　 Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。 　3）在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如：  The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。  This book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。 4）特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood （使别人能听见/理解自己）等。例如： Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。 7. 被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married等。例如： He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。 注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如： He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。 He got married to a rich girl. 8.need/want/require/worth 当 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。例如：  Your hair wants cutting.　你的头发该理了。  The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。 考点三 主谓一致 主谓一致的三个原则 一. 语法一致原则，即主语语法形式上的单复数形式与谓语的单复数形式要一致。 1.单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句做主语时，谓语动词一般采用单数形式。 注意：一个主语从句做主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。 2.当主语是and, both…and 连接的并列结构时，如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，谓语动词用复数。 注意：两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一人，同一物、同一概念，或不可分割的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数。这时and 后面的名词没有冠词。 3.由 and 连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each、every 、no、many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 Each boy and each girl has an apple.每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。 Many a teacher and many a student has seen the film.许多老师和学生都看过这部电影。 注意：each作主语或其修饰的名词作主语： each作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each student has an MP3, which gives them more ways to enjoy their spare time. 每个学生都有一个MP3，这给他们在课余时间享受生活提供了更多的方式。 Each of the class has been given a bike. 这个班里的每一个学生都得到了一辆自行车。 注意：each位于复数主语后或句尾，不影响谓语动词的数。 They each have built a happy family. (=They have built a happy family each.) 他们每个人都组建了幸福的家庭。 4某些不定代词，如 either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 等做主语，谓语动词用单数。 Each of the students has a book.每个学生都有一本书。 5主语是由“many a +名词”或“more than one+名词”构成，其意义虽属多数，但是随后的谓语动词仍然用单数。 Many a student is here.很多学生在这里。 More than one student goes to the park.很多学生去了公园。 注意：“many+复数名词+than one”结构之后， 谓语动词一般多用复数形式。 More employees than one are against your suggestion. 反对你的提议的雇员不止一个。 二. 意义一致原则，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 1.时间、距离、金钱、重量等复数名词做主语时，其谓语动词用单数。 时间：Three weeks is a long time to wait for an answer. 距离：One hundred kilometers is not a long distance. 金钱：20,000 dollars is not a small sum of money. 重量：Two hundred tons of water was used in that factory last month. 2.一个算式时，表示数目的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词用单数形式。 Twenty-five plus five is equal to thirty. Forty-three minus twenty-five makes eighteen. 3.–s 结尾的学科名称，如：mathematics, physics, politics, economics，mechanics, athletics, linguistics 等； Mathematics seems to be difficult to me. 注意：专有名词，如国名、人名、书名、戏剧名、组织机构及形式复数意义单数的名词news和以-s结尾的疾病的名词,如measles，arthritis, bronchitis, rickets, mumps等，他们形式上是复数，但意义上是单数。用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 No news is good news. The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book. The United States is a powerful country in the world. 4.山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s 结尾的专有名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 5一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。常用的这类词有： a. Goods（货物）；arms(武器); wages(工资);contents(内容); remains(尸体); fireworks(烟火)；clothes（衣服）；stairs(楼梯)等; b.凡是由-ings 结尾的名词，如surroundings(环境); savings(储蓄存款);clippings (剪下来的东西), diggings(挖出来的东西)，earnings(收入)，filings(銼屑)，lodgings ( 租住的房间)，sweepings (扫拢的垃圾)等; c. glasses; shorts(短裤）; trousers; shoes; scissors(剪刀); scales(天平); gloves(手套); compasses(圆规); spectacles(眼镜). 但是若其前面有pair 等表示单位的名词时，那么谓语动词的单复数由这些表示单位的词的单复数决定。 One pair of shoes is missing.。 Two pairs of trousers are missing. 6单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语动词的形式。常见的名词可分为一下几类： 某些动物名词：deer; fish; sheep; grouse (松鸡); salmon(鲑); bison(野牛); swine(猪)等. 以-ese 或-ss 结尾的表示民族或国籍的名词： Chinese; Japanese; Portuguese(葡萄牙人); Swiss（瑞士人）; Vietnamese（越南人）等。 某些以-s 结尾的名词： mans(方式，方法); species (种类); series (系列); works (工厂；著作); crossroads(十字路口); headquarters(司令部); barracks (营房); crops (部队); links(高尔夫球场);等. 某些表示计量单位的名词： Horsepower（马力）; hertz（赫兹）; kilohertz（千赫） 其它一些名词： Aircraft; craft(船；航空器；航天器); dice(骰子); offspring(子孙)等. There are five sheep on the farm, but there are only three goats. This glass works (factory) was set up in 1990. These glass works are near the railway station. Every possible means has been tried to to save the badly-hurt worker. All possible means have been tried to to save the badly-hurt worker. 为了去拯救这个严重受伤的工人，我们已经尝试了所有可能的方法。 7 clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage,等无生命的集体名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 Clothing is badly needed in the flooded area. 8 people, police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。 The police are looking for the thief. 9 集合名词class，family, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public, government, majority, minority, staff, class, company, union, gang, committee, council，nation等做主语，如果作为一个整体看待，其谓语动词要用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，则谓语动词用复数。 My family is a large one My family are watching TV. 10疑问代词who, what, which; 不定代词 all（指代的是“人”时, 谓语动词用复数；指代的是“物”时，谓语动词用单数）, none, some, any；half/ most/enough/the rest/ the last/ lots/plenty/part/分数/百分数+of+名词做主语，谓语动词的单复数要由它们所接名词的单复数而定。根据其指代的内容而定。 All is going on very well. All are present besides the professor. A lot of students are coming to the meeting. 11 “a number of +复数可数名词”表示“一些，许多”，谓语动词要用复数。 “the number of +复数可数名词”表示“…的数目，数量”，谓语动词要用单数。 The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.有50个人被邀请，但是很多人因为各种各样的原因缺席了。 12 a quantity of /an amount of+名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 Quantities of / amounts of +名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。 A(this) kind/sort/type of+名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 These (those) kinds/sorts/types of +名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。 A large quantity of books is here. Large quantities of books are here. A large amount of money is wasted. Large amounts of money are wasted. 13. “one and a half+可数名词复数”，“one in (out of )+可数名词复数”作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。 One and a half days is all the manager can spare. 经理只能抽出一天半的时间。 One in three students can speak English in this school. 在这所学校的每三个学生中就有一个会说英语的。 注意：one or two, a…or two修饰的名词作主语： One or two后接复数名词作主语，谓语动词要用复数。但在“a/an+单数名词+or two”结构之后，位于却常用单数。 14关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中做主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 Those who want to go to the park, please stand up. Some of the energy that is used by man nowadays comes from the atom. “one of +复数名词+定语从句”，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。 “the only/the very/the first/the last + one of +复数名词+定语从句”, 定语从句的谓语动词用单数。 15 “the +形容词/分词”做主语，如果指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数。 The rich are not always happy 三. 就(靠)近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 1.由 or; either…or; neither…nor; whether…or; not only…but also，not…but等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。 Neither you nor I am fit for the work. Not only Tom but also Mary and Jane are tired of doing the same thing every day. 注意：“with /along with/ together with/ combined with/ as well as/ like/unlike/ rather than/ but/ except /besides/ in addition to/ including/ more than/ no less than/accompanied by +名词”置于主语后，他们都充当插入语，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。 He, like you and Jim, is clever. The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible. Mary, as well as her sisters, studies Chinese in China. Nobody except Bill and Jonny has entered the second round of the interview. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。 例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 考点一 动词时态 例1. The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). ……. We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 【答案】41.was built 46.hired 【解析】46.考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。 47. 考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。 例2. What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 【答案】 was 【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。 例3. It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. ……. When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white. 【答案】36. has proved/has proven 40. was painted 【解析】36. 考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。 1.（2020·新课标I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 【答案】touched 【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。 2． 65（When/As） he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66． (point) down the river. 【答案】pointed 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。 3.By about 6000 BC，people 61． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 【答案】had discovered 【解析】考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered. 4.New methods 65． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. 【答案】meant 【解析】考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。 5.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38． (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39（which/that） opened in 1759. 【答案】formed 【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。 考点二 动词语态 例1．Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A．were displaying B．are displaying C．were being displayed D．are being displayed 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。 例2.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics. A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。 例3.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。 1.【2018·北京】A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 【答案】D 【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。 2.【2017·江苏卷】He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______. A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在 匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往家 赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。 3. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet. A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。 考点三 主谓一致 例1．The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level since. A．are remaining B．have remained C．is remaining D．has remained 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。 例2. The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months. A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 例3.The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】C 【解析】考查主谓一致。先行词是Great Expectations，“Great Expectations”是书名，看做单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。句意：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。 1.＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct) .＂ 67.【答案】means 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。 68．【答案】is constructed 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。 2. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】are 【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。 3.While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. 【答案】is 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，要用第三人称单数。故填is。 4．The artist was sure he would63．(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. 【答案】be chosen 【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。 5.And，as more children were born，more food 59．(need). 【答案】was needed 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。 一、单项选择 1．______ from the mountain top at night, the city ______ even more charming — with bright lights on its streets and faraway buildings shining like little stars. A．Seeing; is looked B．Seeing; looks C．Seen; looking D．Seen; looks 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词与动词时态。句意：夜晚从山顶望去，这座城市显得更加迷人——街道上灯火通明，远处的建筑像小星星一样闪烁。第一空为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语“the city”与动词“see”是被动关系，需用过去分词Seen；第二空是句子谓语，谓语动词“look”意为“看起来”为系动词无被动，所以此处使用主动形式，其主语“the city”为单数。故选D项。 2．It ______ whether AI can really save people a lot of real time at work, since it’s still new in many jobs. A．remains to be seen B．remaining to be seen C．is remained to see D．remained to see 【答案】A 【详解】考查谓语动词和动词不定式。句意：人工智能是否真的能在工作中为人们节省大量实际时间，还有待观察，因为它在许多工作领域仍属新兴事物。“It remains to be seen whether...”是固定句型，意为“是否……还有待观察”，其中“remain”是不及物动词，无被动语态，结合后文“it’s still new”可知，时态为一般现在时，remain to do为固定搭配，结合语意可知，see与主语it之间为被动关系，所以此处使用不定式的被动形式。故选A项。 3．Never ______ how terrifying a disaster could be until I witnessed that the entire city ______ in ruins. A．was I known; lay B．do I know; lies C．did I know; lay D．had I known; lied 【答案】C 【详解】考查倒装句与动词时态。句意：直到亲眼目睹整座城市沦为废墟，我才知道灾难有多可怕。第一空“Never”置于句首，句子需用部分倒装，结合后文“witnessed”可知，时态为一般过去时，助动词用“did”，谓语动词“know”用原形；第二空为谓语动词，“lie in ruins”是固定短语，意为“沦为废墟”，此处描述过去发生的事情，lie的过去式为lay。故选C项。 4．Since To the Wonder ______ on May 7, it ______ an online hit, achieving a score of 8.8 out of 10 on China’s reviewing site Douban. A．is released, becomes B．was released, has become C．has released, became D．has released, has become 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：自5月7日《我的阿勒泰》上映以来，它就成为了网络热门，在中国影评网站豆瓣上获得了8.8分（满分10分）的高分。第一空为从句谓语，结合时间状语on May 7可知，应用一般过去时，且主语To the Wonder与release之间为被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态；第二空为主句谓语，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语是it，助动词用has。故选B。 5．All these years, Eric had lived as a ________ . He used to ________ during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact ________ he had become the ghost of Endley. A．recluse; sleep; that B．regiment; sleeping; which C．recluse; sleep; which D．desert; sleeping; what 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析、固定短语和同位语从句。句意：这些年来，埃里克一直过着隐居者的生活。他过去常常白天睡觉，晚上工作，完全没有意识到自己已经成了恩德利的幽灵。根据后文“他过去常常白天睡觉，晚上工作”可知，埃里克过着“隐居者”一样的生活，表示“隐居者”用recluse，regiment意为“军团”，desert意为“沙漠”，第一空用recluse；第二空中used to do为固定短语，意为“过去常常做某事”，故使用动词原形sleep；第三空中引导同位语从句，对fact的内容进行解释，that不作成分，只起到引导作用。故选A。 6．Calligraphy works done with writing brushes ______ by many foreigners up to now. A．has been appreciated B．have been appreciated C．was appreciated D．were appreciated 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：用毛笔完成的书法作品至今仍受到许多外国人的欣赏。空处作句子的谓语，结合“up to now”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，appreciate“欣赏”和主语Calligraphy works“书法作品”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，助动词应用have。故选B。 7．This is the only one of the best films ______ this year. A．that have shown B．that have been shown C．that has shown D．that has been shown 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句的主谓一致和语态。句意：这是今年上映的最佳影片中唯一的一部。“the only one of+复数名词”作先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，且film与show是动宾关系，用被动语态。故选D。 8．The tallest building ________ stands in the center of our city ______  five years ago. A．that; built B．that; was built C．that; was building D．which; was built 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句及动词语态。句意：我们城市中心矗立的最高的那座大楼是五年前建成的。第一空引导定语从句，先行词building指物，且被最高级修饰，关系词只能用that；第二空为主句谓语部分，根据“five years ago.”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，主语building与谓语build之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态，主语building是单数，be动词用was，所以第二空用was built。故选B。 9．After a decade of obscurity, her _________ artistic style finally earned her widespread _________, and she was officially _________as a master of her craft. A．recognised; recognising; recognizable B．recognisable; recognition; recognised C．recognising; recognition; recognize D．recognition; recognised; recognisably 【答案】B 【详解】考查形容词、名词和动词。句意：经过十年的默默无闻，她独特易识别的艺术风格最终为她赢得了广泛认可，并且她被正式认定为这门技艺的大师。recognise 认定、认可（动词），recognition 认可（名词），recognisable 可识别的、易辨认的（形容词），recognising 识别（现在分词 / 动名词），recognisably 可识别地（副词）。第一空：空处修饰名词 artistic style，应用形容词，recognisable“可识别的、易辨认的”符合题意，形容艺术风格具有辨识度；第二空：空格前有形容词 widespread（广泛的）修饰，需用名词作earned的宾语，recognition “认可”符合“赢得广泛认可”的语境；第三空：该句为被动语态，结构为“be + 过去分词”，应用recognise的过去分词形式recognised，“被认定为”符合语义。综上，故选B。 10．More than one Chinese literary masterpiece, such as Journey to the West and Dream of the Red Chamber, _________ into over fifty different languages in the past century. A．is being translated B．has been translated C．are being translated D．have been translated 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：在过去的一个世纪里，诸如《西游记》和《红楼梦》等多部中国文学巨著已被翻译成五十多种不同的语言。句中in the past century为现在完成时时间标志，同时more than one+名词作主语时，谓语动词为单数。此处Chinese literary masterpiece与translate之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B。 11．The student,________ always helps others, as well as her parents________ to join the club. A．who; wants B．that; wants C．who; want D．which; wants 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意：这个总是帮助别人的学生，以及她的父母，想要加入这个俱乐部。第一空，先行词是The student，指人，在定语从句________ always helps others中作主语，关系代词可用who或that，但非限制性定语从句不能用that，所以此处用who；第二空，句子主语是The student，as well as her parents是伴随成分，谓语动词的数应与The student保持一致，用第三人称单数形式wants。故选A。 12．_________ waste paper and plastic bottles _________ an easy way to protect the environment. A．Recycle; is B．Recycling; are C．Recycling; is D．To recycle; are 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。句意：回收利用废纸和塑料瓶是保护环境的一种简单有效的方式。第一空作主语，用动名词形式Recycling，故排除A、D选项；第二空陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语，谓语用单数。故选C。 13．Look! There ________ some information about city traffic rules in this book. A．is B．are C．was 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：看！这本书里有一些关于城市交通规则的信息。此句是there be句型，主语是information，不可数名词，be动词用单数，描述事实，用一般现在时，be动词使用is。故选A。 14．You can travel or read to make sure that ________ your body ________ spirit is on the way to your dream. A．neither; nor B．both; and C．either; or D．not; but 【答案】C 【详解】考查并列连词短语辨析。句意：你可以旅行或阅读，以确保你的身体或灵魂在通往梦想的路上。A. neither...nor既不……也不……；B. both...and……和……两者都(连接并列主语时谓语动词用复数)；C. either... or要么……要么……；D. not…but…不是……而是……。根据句意以及从句谓语动词is可知，此处应是either... or，连接并列主语时遵循就近原则，spirit是单数，谓语用is符合语法。故选C。 15．Nowadays, ________ of the old people in my town ________ used to going for a walk after supper. A．two thirds; is B．two third; are C．two third; is D．two thirds; are 【答案】D 【详解】考查分数的表达和主谓一致。句意：如今，我们镇上三分之二的老人习惯于晚饭后去散步。根据句意可知，空1，此处意为“三分之二”，分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示，基数词作分子，序数词作分母，如果分子大于一，序数词用复数形式，故表达为two thirds；空2：当句子主语是分数或百分数时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定，of后“the old people”为复数概念，故谓语动词应用复数are。故选D。 16．Mr. Li, together with his children, ________ the museum. They will be back this afternoon. A．have gone to B．have been to C．has been to D．has gone to 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：李先生和他的孩子去了博物馆，下午才回来。根据句子分析可知，“A together with B”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于A，故谓语动词应用单数，且have been to表示“去过某地(人已经回来)”，have gone to 表示“去了某地(人未回来)”，根据后文“They will be back this afternoon”可知，此处应用has gone to，故选D。 17．Nobody but the twins ________ to Hongkong before. A．have been B．have gone C．has been D．has gone 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：除了这对双胞胎，以前没人去过香港。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为Nobody but the twins，“名词/代词＋but等连词＋名词/代词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由连词前面的名词或代词的单复数来决定，故此处应用单数，且根据后文before可知，此处应用has been表示“曾经去过”，故选C。 18．Not only I but also my brother ________ basketball in vacation. A．like playing B．like play C．likes playing D．likes play 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致和固定搭配。句意：不仅我，而且我哥哥也喜欢在假期打篮球。not only... but also... 连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，my brother是第三人称单数，谓语动词用likes。like doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“喜欢做某事”，此处应是动名词playing作宾语。故选C。 19．Either you or he ________ to invite Mr. Lan to our party this weekend. A．go B．is going to C．are going to D．are gone 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：要么是你，要么是他，这个周末会邀请兰先生来参加我们的聚会。either...or...连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应遵循“就近原则”，即，与or后的名词保持一致，he为第三人称单数，根据this weekend可知，句子为一般将来时，用be going to do结构，be动词用is。故选B。 20．Look! Many sheep ________ grass on the hill while a sheep ________ on the ground comfortably. A．is eating; is lying B．are eating; are lying C．eat; lies D．are eating; is lying 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：看！许多绵羊正在山上的草地上吃草，而有一只绵羊则舒适地躺在地上。结合Look可知句子描述正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，排除C；sheep一词单复数同形，第一空前many sheep是复数，表示“许多绵羊”，故填are eating；第二空前a sheep是单数，表示“一只绵羊”，故填is lying。故选D。 二、语法填空 21．The past decades (witness) the great changes in the ancient city. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have witnessed 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：过去几十年见证了这座古城的巨大变化。结合The past decades可知，时态用现在完成时，强调动作从过去持续到现在并产生影响。主语The past decades为复数，助动词用have，witness“见证”的过去分词为witnessed。故填have witnessed。 22．I (hope) to achieve a high score in the Word Contest, but I failed. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】hoped 【详解】考查时态。句意：我本希望在单词竞赛中取得高分，但失败了。后文动词failed是过去式，but连接的两个分句时态应保持一致，因此空格处应填过去式。故填hoped。 23．When I came home half an hour ago, my sister (listen) to music. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was listening 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：半小时前我回家时，我妹妹正在听音乐。此处为谓语动词，根据“When”引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时可知，主句动作“listen”在从句动作“came home”发生时正在进行，需用过去进行时，结构为“was/were +现在分词”，主语“my sister”为第三人称单数。故填was listening。 24．Neighbors suddenly (spot) smoke coming out of the house and called 911 immediately. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】spotted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：邻居们突然发现房子里冒出烟来，立刻拨打了911。此处为谓语动词，and连接两个并列谓语，时态需保持一致，called为一般过去式，所以spot也需用过去式spotted。故填spotted。 25．Don’t call me at 8 o’clock tomorrow evening; I (attend) an important online conference then. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】will be attending 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：明天晚上8点别给我打电话，那时我正在参加一个重要的线上会议。此空考查谓语动词，主语I与attend为主动关系；时间状语“at 8 o’clock tomorrow evening”和“then”（指代此时）表明动作在将来某一特定时间正在进行，应用将来进行时，结构为“will be + 现在分词”，符合语境。故填will be attending。 26．The quiet little town located at the foot of the mountain (witness) many great changes in terms of economy and culture in the past 10 years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has witnessed 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：位于山脚下的这个宁静小镇在过去十年里在经济和文化方面见证了许多重大变化。根据时间状语in the past 10 years可知，句子使用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语The quiet little town是单数，所以用has witnessed。故填has witnessed。 27．Over 200 students from our school   (admit) to Peking University by the end of last year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been admitted 【详解】考查动词的时态和被动语态。句意：到去年年底，我们学校已有200多名学生被北京大学录取。主语“Over 200 students”与“admit”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；“by the end of last year”（到去年年底）是过去完成时的标志词，故此处应填过去完成时的被动语态结构“had been+过去分词”，admit的过去分词为admitted。故填had been admitted。 28．To their great joy, a new football field (build) in their school now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being built 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：让他们非常高兴的是，他们学校正在建一个新的足球场。build(建造，修建)是谓语动词，与主语“a new football field”之间是被动关系，根据时间状语“now”可知，句子描述现在正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填is being built。 29．Due to John’s excellent performance, it is likely that he (accept) to Harvard University. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be accepted/has been accepted 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：由于约翰的出色表现，他很有可能会被(或已经被)哈佛大学录取。根据“it is likely that...(很有可能……)”结构可知，此处表示对已经发生或将来情况的推测。主语“he”与动词“accept”为被动关系，故需用被动语态。若强调对将来录取结果的预测，需用一般将来时被动语态“will be done”；若强调基于现有表现对已发生录取结果的推断，则用现在完成时被动语态“have/ has been done”，主语“he”为第三人称单数，助动词用“has”。故填will be accepted/has been accepted。 30．The local community’s sense of unity has been (strength) through many volunteer activities this year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】strengthened 【详解】考查动词的语态。句意：通过今年的许多志愿活动，当地社区的团结感得到了增强。主语“The local community’s sense of unity”与“strength”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，结构为“be +过去分词”，strength的动词形式为strengthen，其过去分词为strengthened。故填strengthened。 31．It is reported that a series of advanced experiments (conduct) in the lab at present to investigate the abnormal cells. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being conducted 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：据报道，目前实验室正在进行一系列先进实验，以研究异常细胞。分析句子结构可知，此空考查谓语动词，主语a series of advanced experiments与conduct之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；结合时间状语at present，应用现在进行时；“a series of”后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，符合语境。故填are being conducted。 32．Not just you but he (like) the country music very much. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】likes 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅你，他也非常喜欢乡村音乐。根据“Not just... but...”连接两个并列主语，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”的语法规则可知，此空应与he保持主谓一致。句子描述客观喜好，应用一般现在时likes。故填likes。 33．These means of travel (be) popular among the young people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这些旅行方式很受年轻人欢迎。主语“These means”中，“means”是单复数同形的名词，此处被“These”（这些）修饰，表复数概念；句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，因此be动词用are。故填are。 34．Not knowing where I’m going (be) what inspires me to travel. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：不知道我要去往何处正是激励我去旅行的原因。句子描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，“Not knowing where I’m going”是动名词短语作主语，be动词用单数形式is。故填is。 35．Look! There (be) a dog and some cats playing in the yard. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is 【详解】考查就近原则。句意：看！院子里有一只狗和几只猫在玩耍。Look!是现在进行时的标志词。there be句型遵循就近原则，be动词的单复数由最靠近它的主语决定。a dog为单数，此空应是is。故填is。 一、阅读理解 A We’re Hiring First Person Columnists Do you have a unique story to tell that other Canadian kids will relate to? Are you passionate about writing? Do you want to be featured on CBC Kids News? Send us your pitch (故事创意)! We’re looking for submissions for First Person columns. The First Person column is a one-time article that tells the story of a specific experience you have had. We look for personal stories that offer a unique perspective on a situation, are tied to something happening in the news and will be of interest to other kids in Canada. It has a strong focus, which is written from the heart and offers insight. Who are we looking for? ●Kids who are between the ages of 9 and 18. ●Kids who are open to having their names and photos published on our website. ●Kids who are interested in writing and working with our team to share their stories. ●Kids from across Canada, from different backgrounds and underrepresented communities. What’s a good article? A good article for a First Person column has a clear focus, makes a specific point and is written about a real-life experience — not fictional — that can be verified (证实). How much work is involved? Writing a First Person column takes about five hours. We understand that you have school and other commitments, too, so we can work around your schedule. If we’re interested in your article, you’ll meet with one of our producers and make a plan. You’ll write several drafts. A producer will review each draft to help make it the best it can be. Our goal is to make sure the article is written in your authentic voice and meets CBC’s journalistic standards. Here’s the good news: You’ll get paid! 1．Who is qualified to become a potential columnist? A．An experienced college teacher. B．A high school student. C．A professional adult journalist. D．A professional story writer. 2．What is required for a good article? A．An imaginative fictional tale. B．A lengthy research paper. C．A true personal experience. D．A breaking news report. 3．What does the text intend to do? A．Set journalistic standards. B．Publish personal stories. C．Teach writing techniques. D．Look for young writers. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要面向加拿大9-18岁青少年招募第一人称专栏作者，说明招募要求、文章标准及相关工作安排。 1．细节理解题。根据Who are we looking for?中的“Kids who are between the ages of 9 and 18.(年龄在9到18岁之间的孩子)”可知，符合条件的是9-18岁的青少年，高中生属于该年龄段。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据What’s a good article?中的“A good article for a First Person column has a clear focus, makes a specific point and is written about a real-life experience — not fictional — that can be verified (证实).(一篇优秀的第一人称专栏文章要有明确的重点，观点具体，内容基于真实生活经历而非虚构，且可被证实)”可知，好文章需要基于真实的个人经历。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We’re Hiring First Person Columnists (我们正在招聘第一人称专栏作者)”和“Send us your pitch (故事创意)! We’re looking for submissions for First Person columns.(把你的故事创意发给我们！我们正在征集第一人称专栏的稿件)”可知，文章核心目的是招募青少年作者。故选D项。 B On the third day of school, my teacher’s claim that no one would score above 90% shook my confidence. This anxiety was intensified at home, where my father voiced his concerns over my way to a necessity for a celebrated university. The final catalyst for my breakdown was an unexpected rejection from the Regional Red Cross Youth Council. The Red Cross was my passion and what I relied on to set me apart from other applicants. This rejection made my future seem hopeless, and I broke like a rubber band stretched beyond its limit. I found my mother, the woman who had sacrificed her own career and life for my opportunities, and poured out my fears. She listened attentively before drawing a circle on the tablecloth. “This is your time,” she began. “Eighty percent is schoolwork, and twenty percent extracurriculars.” She then looked at me with deep emotion and said, “But most importantly, at one hundred percent, is your mental health.” “Nothing is more important than your health,” she continued. “We want you to have a good job so you’ll be less stressed. If this path makes you so unhappy, it isn’t worth it. If you’re happier selling ice-cream, so be it.” Her insight was a big relief. I realized a rubber band doesn’t have to keep stretching. A rubber band that wraps around your hair during the day and is allowed to rest at night won’t ever break. My routine remained the same — studying hard and pursuing excellence. The fear of failure lost its power. I am still reaching for the moon, but I am no longer afraid. For I know that if I miss, I will land right in my mother’s arms. 4．What does the underlined word “catalyst” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Foundation. B．Solution. C．Symbol. D．Cause. 5．What does the mother attach most importance to? A．The author’s overall well-being. B．The sacrifice for her daughter. C．The score of the author’s exam. D．The author’s devotion to schoolwork. 6．Why does the author mention “rubber band”? A．To show a shift in the author’s view on pressure. B．To express a conflict with her mother about goals. C．To illustrate a bond between the author and her mother. D．To explain a link to the author’s academic performance. 7．What’s the author’s attitude towards her future? A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Pessimistic. 【答案】4．D 5．A 6．A 7．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者因学业压力、父亲期待及红十字会申请被拒陷入崩溃，在母亲开导下转变心态、积极面对未来的故事。 4．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“The final catalyst for my breakdown was an unexpected rejection from the Regional Red Cross Youth Council. This rejection made my future seem hopeless, and I broke like a rubber band stretched beyond its limit.(导致我崩溃的最后一个catalyst，是来自地区红十字青年理事会的意外拒绝。这次拒绝让我的未来看起来毫无希望，我像一根被拉过极限的橡皮筋一样崩溃了。)”可知，红十字会的拒绝是压垮作者的起因，引发了她的崩溃。因此，“catalyst”意为“起因、诱因”，与“Cause”同义。故选D项。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But most importantly, at one hundred percent, is your mental health.(但最重要的是，百分之百重要的是你的心理健康。)”和第四段中的“Nothing is more important than your health.(没有什么比你的健康更重要。)”可知，母亲最看重的是作者的整体健康状况（包括心理健康）。故选A项。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I broke like a rubber band stretched beyond its limit.(我像一根被拉过极限的橡皮筋一样崩溃了)”和第五段中的“I realized a rubber band doesn’t have to keep stretching. A rubber band that wraps around your hair during the day and is allowed to rest at night won’t ever break.(我意识到橡皮筋不必一直紧绷着。一根白天扎头发、晚上能休息的橡皮筋永远不会断。)”可知，作者最初用“紧绷到断裂的橡皮筋”比喻自己承受的巨大压力，后来在母亲开导下，明白压力需要调节、不必一直紧绷，体现了她对压力看法的转变。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“My routine remained the same — studying hard and pursuing excellence. The fear of failure lost its power. I am still reaching for the moon, but I am no longer afraid.(我的日常依然不变——努力学习，追求卓越。对失败的恐惧失去了力量。我仍然在追逐月亮，但我不再害怕了。)”可知，作者虽然仍在追求高标准，但已不再畏惧失败，对未来抱有积极的态度。故选B项。 C For centuries, people thought that fish did not feel pain or emotions. Now research has shown that fish not only have feelings but can also sense one another’s moods. When a human understands and shares the feelings of another person, this is called empathy. Scientists have found that a chemical in the brain called oxytocin is involved in our ability to connect with others in this way. A basic form of empathy, known as emotional contagion, happens when an individual sees someone else displaying an emotion (such as happiness or fear) and reacts by displaying the same type of behavior. An international team of researchers tested zebrafish with a series of experiments. First, they placed the fish in two separate tanks and gave one group a substance that caused them to act fearful — either freezing or swimming irregularly. Even though the fish in the nearby tank had not touched the substance, they also began to freeze in fear. “They respond to other individuals being frightened... just like us.” Ibukun Akinrinade, a co-author of the study, told the Associated Press. The scientists tried the experiment with fish that had been modified so their brains would not produce oxytocin. These fish were much less likely to act anxious when they saw other fish showing fear. If researchers gave them an injection of oxytocin, their ability to empathize returned. Finally, researchers played videos of fearful fish on one side of the tank and relaxed fish on the other side. Normal fish moved closer to the side that showed the fearful fish, which might have been an attempt to comfort them. The modified fish did not move toward either side. Looking at the normal fish’s brains, researchers saw activity in a region similar to the one humans and other mammals use when empathizing with others. This could mean that the ability to have empathy developed more than 350 million years ago, when fish and mammals shared a common ancestor. Next, researchers want to study whether fish also transfer positive emotions to one another. 8．The phrase “emotional contagion” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A．the ability to control one’s own emotions when others are emotional B．the process of sharing and reflecting others’ emotions unconsciously C．the tendency to hide one’s true feelings to avoid affecting others D．the capacity to understand the root cause of others’ emotions 9．What is Ibukun Akinrinade’s view on fish empathy? A．Fish empathy is limited to negative emotions like fear. B．Zebrafish are the only fish species capable of empathy. C．Fish empathy is stronger than that of humans and mammals. D．The emotional response of fish is comparable to that of humans. 10．What did the researchers find about the modified zebrafish? A．They could still sense fear in other fish without oxytocin. B．They showed increased anxiety when injected with oxytocin. C．They failed to respond to videos of either fearful or relaxed fish. D．They moved closer to fearful fish to comfort them intentionally. 11．What can be the best title of the text? A．More Than Feelings: How Fish Share Emotions B．From Fear to Comfort: The Social Lives of Fish C．The Ancient Roots of Empathy: Evidence from Fish D．A New Discovery: The Emotional World of Zebrafish 【答案】8．B 9．D 10．C 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了关于鱼类具有共情能力的研究，探讨了鱼类共情的表现、相关实验及共情能力的进化根源等内容。 8．词句猜测题。根据第二段“A basic form of empathy, known as emotional contagion, happens when an individual sees someone else displaying an emotion (such as happiness or fear) and reacts by displaying the same type of behavior. (一种被称为emotional contagion的基本共情形式，发生在个体看到他人表现出某种情绪，如快乐或恐惧时，会通过表现出相同类型的行为来做出反应)”可知，emotional contagion指个体看到他人情绪后会表现出相同行为反应，揭示了其核心是“情绪的传递与模仿”，即无意识地分享和反映他人的情绪。故选B。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段““They respond to other individuals being frightened... just like us.” Ibukun Akinrinade, a co-author of the study, told the Associated Press. (“他们对其他个体感到害怕……就像我们一样。”该研究的合著者Ibukun Akinrinade告诉美联社)”可知，他认为鱼类的情绪反应与人类的情绪反应具有可比性。故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据第五段“Normal fish moved closer to the side that showed the fearful fish, which might have been an attempt to comfort them. The modified fish did not move toward either side. (正常的鱼会靠近显示恐惧鱼的一侧，这可能是为了安慰它们。经过改造的鱼不会向任何一侧移动)”可知，经过改造的斑马鱼，对展示恐惧或放松鱼类的视频都没有表现出趋近行为，即无明显反应。故选C。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now research has shown that fish not only have feelings but can also sense one another’s moods. (现在研究表明，鱼类不仅有情感，还能感知彼此的情绪)”以及最后一段“Looking at the normal fish’s brains, researchers saw activity in a region similar to the one humans and other mammals use when empathizing with others. This could mean the ability to have empathy developed more than 350 million years ago (观察正常鱼的大脑，研究人员发现其大脑中有一个区域的活动与人类和其他哺乳动物共情时使用的区域相似。这可能意味着，当鱼类和哺乳动物拥有共同的祖先时，共情能力在3.5亿多年前就进化出来了)”可知，文章围绕鱼类的共情能力展开，先定义相关概念，再通过实验验证鱼类的共情表现，最后探讨其进化根源，“不止是情感：鱼类如何分享情绪”最能概括核心内容，应是最佳标题。故选A。 D Holidays are often described as picture-perfect moments: families happily united around a table filled with seasonal food favorites against a perfect background. For many parents, attempting to meet such unrealistic expectations can destroy their self-worth gradually. In the real world, parents are juggling (同时兼顾) more activities. It’s all too easy to fall into survival parenting, an approach where the focus is on simply getting through the day. These holidays can feel like anything but a holiday. U. S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy released a warning in August 2024 calling for a rapid recovery of parental well-being. Murthy along with scientists and parents sees that the current stress of parenting is seriously affecting the physical and mental health of caregivers. He states his concern over reports that most days, nearly half of all parents feel seriously stressed. Data from a 2022 Household Pulse Survey found that the majority of parents — including 35% with children under 5 and 54% with children between 5 and 11 — have no formal child care support. This is undoubtedly driven, at least in part, by the rising costs and increasing lack of day care choices. The research shows that focusing only on getting through the day with your kids is linked to more stress and harsher parenting behaviors. When a mom or dad is in survival mode, they tend to be more likely to shout demands and criticize their children’s behavior, as opposed (相反的) to thinking through the impacts of these behaviors. Stressed-out parents are quicker to criticize little things that get in the way of achieving immediate goals, such as spilling flour on the floor. And they are slower to notice and acknowledge their child’s strengths, such as their interest in helping in the kitchen. However, bringing joy back to parenting this holiday season — and any time of the year — is more straightforward than most recipes on Pinterest, a social platform. The secret is taking the pressure off surviving the moment and refocusing on the future you want to create. 12．What is the parents’ real situation during the holidays according to the passage? A．They battle hard through great stress. B．They promote parenting with pure delight. C．They effortlessly reunite with extended family. D．They balance work-from-home tasks smoothly. 13．What’s the purpose of paragraph 3? A．To tell readers the fact of rising costs. B．To showcase the parents’ stress. C．To analyze causes of parents’ stress. D．To explain how to get the data. 14．What will be most likely discussed following the last paragraph? A．Ways to achieve long-term family goals. B．Practical steps to bring back parenting joy. C．Necessity of reducing holiday expectations. D．Recipes for Pinterest-worthy holiday activities. 15．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Holiday Daycare Crisis: A Hidden Threat to Parents B．Strict Holiday Parenting: Stress Shaping Child Behavior C．Behind Parental Burnout: Holidays Hurting Modern Families D．Beyond Holiday Survival Mode: Rebuilding Joyful Parenting 【答案】12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了节假日父母面临的育儿压力、成因及跳出生存式育儿、重拾育儿乐趣的思路。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For many parents, attempting to meet such unrealistic expectations can destroy their self-worth gradually. In the real world, parents are juggling (同时兼顾) more activities. It’s all too easy to fall into survival parenting, an approach where the focus is on simply getting through the day. (对许多父母来说，试图达到这种不切实际的期望会逐渐摧毁他们的自我价值。在现实世界中，父母要同时兼顾更多活动。陷入生存式育儿太容易了，一种只关注如何度过每一天的方法)”可知，节假日里父母需应对不切实际的期望，兼顾多项事务，处于高压的生存式育儿状态。故选A项。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段“Data from a 2022 Household Pulse Survey found that the majority of parents — including 35% with children under 5 and 54% with children between 5 and 11 — have no formal child care support. This is undoubtedly driven, at least in part, by the rising costs and increasing lack of day care choices.(2022 年家庭脉搏调查的数据显示，大多数父母——包括35%有5岁以下孩子的父母和54%有5至11岁孩子的父母——没有正式的育儿支持。这无疑至少在一定程度上是由不断上涨的成本和日益缺乏的日托选择造成的)”可知，该段通过数据说明父母缺乏育儿支持的现状，并分析了成本上涨、日托选择减少等背后原因，核心是剖析父母压力的成因。故选C项。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, bringing joy back to parenting this holiday season — and any time of the year — is more straightforward than most recipes on Pinterest. The secret is taking the pressure off surviving the moment and refocusing on the future you want to create.(然而，在这个假期以及一年中的任何时候，让育儿重拾乐趣比社交平台 Pinterest 上的大多数食谱都要简单。秘诀是摆脱当下的生存压力，重新聚焦于你想要创造的未来)”可知，前文铺垫了父母的压力问题，最后一段引出“重拾育儿乐趣”的话题并给出核心思路，后续最可能围绕具体实现步骤展开。故选B项。 15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段“It’s all too easy to fall into survival parenting, an approach where the focus is on simply getting through the day. (我们很容易陷入生存式育儿的境地，一种只关注如何度过每一天的方法)”和最后一段“However, bringing joy back to parenting this holiday season — and any time of the year — is more straightforward than most recipes on Pinterest. The secret is taking the pressure off surviving the moment and refocusing on the future you want to create.(然而，在这个假期以及一年中的任何时候，让育儿重拾乐趣比社交平台Pinterest上的大多数食谱都要简单。秘诀是摆脱当下的生存压力，重新聚焦于你想要创造的未来)”可知，文章核心是跳出节假日生存式育儿的困境，重建充满乐趣的育儿模式。由此可知，D项“超越假日生存模式：重建快乐的育儿方式”可以作为最佳标题，既点明“摆脱生存模式”的核心，又突出“重建快乐育儿”的主题，最贴合文意。故选D项。 七选五 According to statistics published by the University of Scranton, about 45 percent of Americans usually make New Year’s resolutions — and the most popular resolution is losing weight. Of those who make resolutions, a mere 8 percent achieve them. 16 Are we just setting ourselves up for failure? Learn how to make realistic resolutions and how to overcome the roadblocks along the way. Setting a resolution to lose 15 pounds isn’t a goal that’s achievable now. It may be a good long-term goal. 17 Registered dietitian Elisa Zied says, “…to be real when you make a resolution. It’s okay to shoot for the stars like making a resolution to run a marathon, but why not set a smaller goal and train smart?” The same concept applies to weight loss. 18 These goals should help develop healthy habits that will finally help achieve your long-term resolution. Notice that these goals are simple and achievable. “Instead of going from zero to 60, from never going to the gym to going four to five times a week, why not start with three days a week, get consistent (坚持的) and build from there,” Zied says. “Set yourself up for success and map out your course by making appointments with yourself to be active. 19 ” You also need to be aware of your current exercise and eating habits to make achievable goals. Keeping a diary of your food and exercise habits can help. Record everything you eat and drink for three to five days and review it. 20 For example, if you notice a tendency to snack on unhealthy fare, set a goal to eat a fruit or vegetable with each snack. Building on these smaller goals over time can help you achieve your long-term goal. A．So why do so many of us fail to achieve our goals? B．Once you notice your not-so-good habits, start fixing them. C．Set between one to three weekly goals that you want to achieve. D．Resolutions usually involve a commitment to sticking to your goals. E．However, in order to reach it, you need to take baby steps to get it done. F．If you treat your goals like set appointments, you’re more likely to achieve them G．Losing weight, as well as getting a better job, is among the most popular resolutions for adults. 【答案】16．A 17．E 18．C 19．F 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍美国人新年决心多为减肥但成功率低，进而给出制定切实可行的决心、克服障碍以实现减肥目标的建议。 16．根据上文“Of those who make resolutions, a mere 8 percent achieve them.(在那些制定新年决心的人中，只有8%的人能实现它们。)”以及下文“Are we just setting ourselves up for failure?(我们是不是在给自己设置失败的陷阱？)”可知，此处应衔接上文的低成功率，提出疑问引出下文的建议，A选项“So why do so many of us fail to achieve our goals?(那么为什么我们中有这么多人无法实现自己的目标呢？)”既呼应了上文的成功率数据，又以疑问引出下文内容，符合语境。故选A项。 17．根据上文“Setting a resolution to lose 15 pounds isn’t a goal that’s achievable now. It may be a good long-term goal.(制定一个减重15磅的新年决心现在并不是一个可以实现的目标。它可能是一个很好的长期目标。)”以及下文营养师建议“set a smaller goal and train smart(设定一个更小的目标，明智地训练)”可知，此处应体现长期目标需要逐步实现，E选项“However, in order to reach it, you need to take baby steps to get it done.(然而，为了实现这个目标，你需要一步一个脚印地去完成它。)”中的“it”指代上文的长期目标，“take baby steps”与下文的“smaller goal”相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。 18．根据上文“The same concept applies to weight loss.(同样的理念也适用于减肥。)”（承接上文“设定小目标”的理念）以及下文“These goals should help develop healthy habits that will finally help achieve your long-term resolution.(这些目标应该有助于培养健康的习惯，最终帮助你实现长期的决心。)”中的“These goals”可知，此处应提出设定具体小目标的建议，C选项“Set between one to three weekly goals that you want to achieve.(设定一到三个你想要实现的每周目标。)”明确了目标的数量和周期，“weekly goals”与下文“These goals”对应，符合语境。故选C项。 19．根据上文“Set yourself up for success and map out your course by making appointments with yourself to be active.(为自己的成功做好准备，通过与自己预约活动来规划路线。)”可知，此处应承接“预约活动”的话题，说明其作用，F选项“If you treat your goals like set appointments, you’re more likely to achieve them(如果你把目标当作既定的预约来对待，你更有可能实现它们)”中的“set appointments”与上文“making appointments with yourself”直接呼应，进一步阐释了该做法的有效性，符合语境。故选F项。 20．根据上文“Record everything you eat and drink for three to five days and review it.(记录下你三到五天内的所有饮食，并回顾它。)”以及下文“For example, if you notice a tendency to snack on unhealthy fare, set a goal to eat a fruit or vegetable with each snack.(例如，如果你注意到自己有吃不健康零食的倾向，设定一个目标，每吃一次零食就搭配一种水果或蔬菜。)”可知，此处应体现回顾饮食记录后发现不良习惯并改正，B选项“Once you notice your not-so-good habits, start fixing them.(一旦你发现了自己不太好的习惯，就开始改正它们。)”中的“notice your not-so-good habits”承接上文的“review it”，“start fixing them”引出下文的具体例子，符合语境。故选B项。 二、完形填空 Brad Ryan had been feeling very tired from veterinary (兽医的) school when he visited his 85-year-old grandma back in 2015. He hoped that spending some quality family time in his hometown would help to 21 . As he was telling his grandma some 22 of his travels, he was 23 to hear that she had never seen the sea or mountains. Ryan then asked his grandmother if she would like to 24 the Smoky Mountains with him. Needless to say, she was more than 25 to go with him. Then Ryan made a plan and they set out on their 26 . They have since visited 29 different national parks across America-from the breathtaking slopes of the Great Sand Dunes in Colorado to the attractive shores of Acadia National Park in Maine. Over the 27 of the last three and a half years, Ryan says that he and his grandma have 28 driven 25, 000 miles through 38 states, and it has 29 his quality of living. “Seeing it through my grandmother’s eyes, who every morning wakes up and is 30 to be alive, has taught me how to 31 ,” Ryan said. “With her, I’ve had to 32 and see my life in a different way, which has made it much 33 . ” “I 34 my grandma, and our journeys really gave me a lot of peace before she eventually passed away. I can 35 these places and feel her spirit and feel connected to her, because she set her eyes on the 36 things,” he added. Ryan, who has been 37 all of their adventures online, hopes that their social media presence will 38 other youngsters to spend more time with their elders. “I want people who are still 39 to know, it is cool to hang out with your grandparents,” Ryan said. “There’s so much 40 and knowledge we can get from our elders.” 21．A．boost his confidence B．lift his spirits C．broaden his horizons D．attract his attention 22．A．evidence B．knowledge C．results D．stories 23．A．heartbroken B．proud C．interested D．impatient 24．A．find B．leave C．visit D．protect 25．A．frightened B．worried C．fortunate D．happy 26．A．interview B．performance C．journey D．speech 27．A．head B．end C．history D．course 28．A．repeatedly B．totally C．immediately D．secretly 29．A．tested B．determined C．improved D．shown 30．A．thankful B．afraid C．powerless D．sorry 31．A．live B．study C．travel D．work 32．A．give up B．catch up C．slow down D．settle down 33．A．harder B．clearer C．safer D．richer 34．A．love B．believe C．teach D．help 35．A．put up with B．go back to C．make up for D．come out of 36．A．right B．only C．same D．real 37．A．watching B．sharing C．comparing D．exchanging 38．A．encourage B．force C．request D．allow 39．A．positive B．strong C．poor D．young 40．A．experience B．imagination C．achievement D．wealth 【答案】 21．B 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．A 32．C 33．D 34．A 35．B 36．C 37．B 38．A 39．D 40．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了2015年，疲惫的兽医专业学生Brad Ryan为振奋心情探望奶奶，得知她未见过山海后邀其旅行。三年半间他们游历29个国家公园，旅行改善了Ryan的生活，也让他领悟到陪伴长辈的意义。 21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他希望在家乡度过一些美好的家庭时光能帮助他提振精神。A. boost his confidence增强信心；B. lift his spirits振奋情绪；C. broaden his horizons开阔视野；D. attract his attention吸引注意力。前文“Brad Ryan had been feeling very tired from veterinary (兽医的) school”提到Ryan因兽医学校的学习感到疲惫。由此可知，回家乡陪奶奶是为了“振奋精神”。故选B项。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他给他的奶奶讲他的旅行故事时，他听到她从来没有见过海或山，他很伤心。A. evidence证据；B. knowledge知识；C. results结果；D. stories故事。根据句意以及上文“As he was telling his grandma some…”可知，“tell sb. stories of sth.(给某人讲某事的故事)”是固定搭配，此处指Ryan给奶奶讲自己旅行的故事。故选D项。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他给他的奶奶讲他的旅行故事时，他听到她从来没有见过海或山，他很伤心。A. heartbroken心碎的、难过的；B. proud骄傲的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. impatient不耐烦的。根据下文“…to hear that she had never seen the sea or mountains”可知，85岁的奶奶从未见过海和山，作为晚辈的Ryan得知后应是“心碎的、难过的”。故选A项。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后Ryan问他的祖母是否愿意和他一起去斯莫基山。A. find寻找；B. leave离开；C. visit参观；D. protect保护。根据后文提到他们走访了29个国家公园，此处指Ryan邀请奶奶“参观”斯莫基山，符合“旅行”的核心主题。故选C项。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不用说，她非常高兴和他一起去。A. frightened害怕的；B. worried担心的；C. fortunate幸运的；D. happy开心的。根据语境以及上文“Needless to say”可知，奶奶从未见过山，对旅行充满向往，自然欣然同意。故选D项。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后Ryan制定了一个计划，他们开始了他们的旅程。A. interview采访；B. performance表演；C. journey旅行；D. speech演讲。根据后文多次提及“their journeys”，此处指他们开启旅行，与全文“跨越美国的旅行”主题一致。故选C项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去三年半的时间里，Ryan说他和他的奶奶已经在38个州开了25000英里的车，这提高了他的生活质量。A. head头部；B. end结尾；C. history历史；D. course过程。根据句意以及下文“the last three and a half years”可知，此处为“over the course of(在……过程中)”是固定搭配，指“在过去三年半的时间里”。故选D项。 28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在过去三年半的时间里，Ryan说他和他的奶奶已经在38个州开了25000英里的车，这提高了他的生活质量。A. repeatedly反复地；B. totally总共；C. immediately立即地；D. secretly秘密地。根据下文“driven 25, 000 miles through 38 states”可知，他们自驾25000英里，走访了多个国家公园，此处指“总共”穿越了多个州，“totally”符合数量描述。故选B项。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去三年半的时间里，Ryan说他和他的奶奶已经在38个州开了25000英里的车，这提高了他的生活质量。A. tested测试；B. determined决定；C. improved改善；D. shown展示。根据后文“and see my life in a different way”提到旅行让Ryan学会换角度看生活，说明旅行“改善”了他的生活质量。故选C项。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ryan说：“我祖母每天早上醒来，都为自己还活着而感恩，通过她的眼睛，我学会了如何生活。”A. thankful感恩的；B. afraid害怕的；C. powerless无力的；D. sorry遗憾的。根据语境以及下文“to be alive”可知，奶奶每天醒来都“感恩”自己还活着，这种积极心态影响了Ryan，符合“长辈传递正能量”的情节。故选A项。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ryan说：“我祖母每天早上醒来，都为自己还活着而感恩，通过她的眼睛，我学会了如何生活。”A. live生活；B. study学习；C. travel旅行；D. work工作。根据下文“I’ve had to ____12____ and see my life in a different way”可知，奶奶的人生态度教会Ryan如何“生活”，呼应后文“换一种方式看待生活”。故选A项。 32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“和她在一起，我不得不放慢脚步，以一种不同的方式看待我的生活，这让我的生活变得更加丰富。”A. give up放弃；B. catch up赶上；C. slow down放慢；D. settle down定居。根据上文“Brad Ryan had been feeling very tired from veterinary (兽医的) school”可知，Ryan之前因学业疲惫，与奶奶旅行让他不得不“放慢节奏”，以奶奶的视角感受生活。故选C项。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“和她在一起，我不得不放慢脚步，以一种不同的方式看待我的生活，这让我的生活变得更加丰富。”A. harder更难的；B. clearer更清晰的；C. safer更安全的；D. richer更丰富的。根据上文“and see my life in a different way”可知，换角度看生活让生活变得更“丰富”，符合旅行带来的积极改变。故选D项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我爱我的奶奶，在她最终去世之前，我们的旅程真的给了我很多平静。A. love爱；B. believe相信；C. teach教；D. help帮助。根据句意以及下文“our journeys really gave me a lot of peace”可知，全文围绕祖孙情深展开，Ryan“爱”奶奶，旅行给了他与奶奶告别的平静。故选A项。 35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我可以回到这些地方，感受她的精神，感觉和她有联系，因为她亲眼见过的相同事物。A. put up with忍受；B. go back to回到；C. make up for弥补；D. come out of从……出来。根据下文“and feel her spirit and feel connected to her”可知，奶奶去世后，Ryan回到曾经旅行的地方，就能感受到奶奶的存在。故选B项。 36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我可以回到这些地方，感受她的精神，感觉和她有联系，因为她亲眼见过的相同事物。A. right正确的；B. only唯一的；C. same相同的；D. real真实的。根据上文“and feel her spirit and feel connected to her”可知，那些地方是奶奶曾经“亲眼见过的相同事物”，Ryan回到这些地方，能感受到与奶奶的联结。故选C项。 37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ryan一直在网上分享他们所有的冒险经历，希望他们在社交媒体上的表现能鼓励其他年轻人花更多的时间和他们的长辈在一起。A. watching观看；B. sharing分享；C. comparing比较；D. exchanging交换。根据下文“all of their adventures online”可知，此处为“share...online(在网上分享……)”，Ryan将旅行经历分享到社交媒体，呼应后文“social media presence”。故选B项。 38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ryan一直在网上分享他们所有的冒险经历，希望他们在社交媒体上的表现能鼓励其他年轻人花更多的时间和他们的长辈在一起。A. encourage鼓励；B. force强迫；C. request要求；D. allow允许。根据下文“other youngsters to spend more time with their elders”可知，Ryan 分享经历是为了“鼓励” 年轻人多陪伴长辈，“encourage sb. to do sth(鼓励某人做某事)”符合主旨。故选A项。 39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ryan说：“我想让年轻人知道，和祖父母一起出去玩很酷。”A. positive积极的；B. strong强壮的；C. poor贫穷的；D. young年轻的。根据前文“other youngsters to spend more time with their elders”可知，此处呼吁“youngsters(年轻人)”陪伴长辈，此处指“仍然年轻的人”，前后呼应。故选D项。 40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以从长辈那里学到很多经验和知识。A. experience经验；B. imagination想象力；C. achievement成就；D. wealth财富。根据下文“and knowledge we can get from our elders”可知，长辈能给予的是“经验和知识”，“experience(经验)”与“knowledge”并列，符合“向长辈学习”的语境。故选A项。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the 1990s, a small town in southern China faced a big change — the arrival of online shopping. Before that, locals mostly bought things 41 small shops, where owners knew almost every customer by name. Many families even sought hand-made 42 (product) like cloth shoes, because they were strong and full of local style. However, this traditional way started to change with the 43 (explode) of the Internet in the early 2000s. Young people first tried online shopping. They 44 (order) clothes from faraway cities and shared experiences on social media, which made more neighbors curious. Soon old residents asked their children for help — some wanted Yunnan tea, 45 quality is famous nationwide, 46 others looked for cheap but good kitchen tools. Local shopkeeper Mr. Li once worried online stores would take his customers. He 47 (sell) daily things for over 20 years, but he soon realized he could adapt. He opened 48 online shop to sell local snacks, which quickly became popular among people missing their hometown taste. Today, the town has both offline and online stores. Mr. Li says, “Change isn’t scary. What matters is finding ways 49 (keep) our roots while moving forward.” From the first online order to the busy online markets today, every step has been a new experience for locals — one that has taught them to embrace new things and be 50 (pride) of their local culture. 【答案】 41．from 42．products 43．explosion 44．ordered 45．whose 46．while 47．had sold 48．an 49．to keep 50．proud 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中国南方一个小镇在网购冲击下的变化，以及当地居民如何适应，既拥抱新事物又保留本土文化。 41．考查介词。句意：在那之前，当地人大多在小商店里买东西，店主几乎叫得出每一位顾客的名字。表示“从商店里买东西”应用介词from。故填from。 42．考查名词复数。句意：许多家庭甚至会寻找像布鞋这样的手工制品，因为它们结实且充满地方特色。product为可数名词，根据like cloth shoes可知，此处表示不止一种手工制品，应用复数形式products。故填products。 43．考查名词。句意：然而，随着21世纪初互联网的爆发，这种传统方式开始发生变化。定冠词the后接名词，explode的名词形式为explosion，意为“爆发”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填explosion。 44．考查动词时态。句意：他们从遥远的城市订购衣服，并在社交媒体上分享经验，这让更多的邻居感到好奇。根据上下文语境，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，order的过去式为ordered。故填ordered。 45．考查定语从句关系词。句意：很快，老居民们向他们的孩子求助 —— 有些人想要云南茶叶，其品质在全国都很有名，而另一些人则在寻找便宜又好的厨房用具。空格后为定语从句，修饰先行词Yunnan tea，先行词为物，且在从句中作定语，修饰quality，所以用关系代词whose。故填whose。 46．考查连词。句意：很快，老居民们向他们的孩子求助 —— 有些人想要云南茶叶，其品质在全国都很有名，而另一些人则在寻找便宜又好的厨房用具。此处some...others...为固定搭配，表示“一些人…… 另一些人……”，前后句之间是并列对比关系，用连词while连接，符合语境。故填while。 47．考查动词时态。句意：他卖日常用品已经20多年了，但他很快意识到自己可以适应。根据时间状语for over 20 years以及上下文语境，此处表示过去的动作持续到过去某一时间，应用过去完成时，其结构为：had + 过去分词，sell的过去分词为sold。故填had sold。 48．考查冠词。句意：他开了一家网店卖当地小吃，这些小吃很快就受到了怀念家乡味道的人们的欢迎。online shop为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，此处表示“一家网店”，为泛指，且online是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：李师傅说：“变化并不可怕。重要的是在前进的同时找到保持我们根基的方法。” 此处为固定搭配 ways to do sth.“做某事的方法”，不定式作后置定语修饰ways。故填to keep。 50．考查形容词。句意：从第一笔网上订单到如今繁忙的网上市场，每一步对当地人来说都是一次新的经历 —— 这次经历教会他们拥抱新事物，并为自己的本土文化感到自豪。be动词后接形容词作表语，pride的形容词形式为proud，be proud of为固定短语，意为“为……感到自豪”。故填proud。 四、书信写作 51．假定你是李华，你校英语俱乐部计划组织一次英语口语练习活动。请你给你校交换生 Eric 写一封英文邮件，邀请他担任这次活动的志愿者， 内容包括： 1. 活动目的；2. 工作内容；3.  你的期待。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。 Dear Eric, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】例文 Dear Eric, How are you doing? I’m writing to invite you to be a volunteer for the English speaking activity to be organized by our school’s English club, whose aim is to provide students with a relaxed and supportive environment to improve their English speaking skills. As a volunteer, your responsibilities will include holding group discussions, providing constructive feedback for participants, and organizing language learning games to make the process enjoyable. More importantly, you are expected to be patient and have a passion for helping us improve our oral English. I believe that your participation will greatly contribute to the success of the activity. Looking forward to your timely reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】这是一篇应用文。考生所在校英语俱乐部计划组织一次英语口语练习活动。请考生给交换生Eric写一封英文邮件，邀请他担任这次活动的志愿者。 【详解】1.词汇积累： 目的：aim→purpose 提高：improve→enhance 令人愉快的：enjoyable→pleasant 帮助：help→assist 2.句式拓展： 同义句 原句：As a volunteer, your responsibilities will include holding group discussions, providing constructive feedback for participants, and organizing language learning games to make the process enjoyable. 拓展句：As a volunteer, you will be responsible for holding group discussions, providing participants with constructive feedback, and organizing language learning games to make the process enjoyable. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】 I’m writing to invite you to be a volunteer for the English speaking activity to be organized by our school’s English club, whose aim is to provide students with a relaxed and supportive environment to improve their English speaking skills.（运用了whose引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型 2】 I believe that your participation will greatly contribute to the success of the activity.（使用that引导的宾语从句） 五、书面表达 52．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind, the big day finally arrived: my first day at senior high! I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school. On the way, the morning breeze brushing my cheeks like a friendly hello, I kept wondering what my new teachers would be like — maybe strict but kind, or funny and easy to talk to? The campus was still quiet when I arrived, so I decided to explore a bit. Anxious and excited, I told myself, “Lee, you will have a good beginning.” Some birds singing, I walked past the gym and stopped to look at the noticeboard. I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me. “New here?” Turning around suddenly, I crashed straight into someone. Then I heard the sound of a cup hitting the ground, and immediately saw the spilled coffee. Looking up, my face burning, I saw a handsome and young man with brown hair. His clean white shirt now had a dark brown mark, and it was spreading across his chest. “Oh, no!” I yelped. All the excitement about the new day disappeared, replaced by panic (惊慌)。 He quickly pulled out a tissue to wipe up the coffee stain on the floor. “It’s all right,” he said, “accidents happen.” I froze there, forgetting to help, “I... I am terribly sorry. I was just wondering what life is going to be like here.” “Don’t worry,” he gave me a smile. “You’ll soon find out.” He picked up the pieces of the cup and said goodbye to me. How true his words were! When my head teacher stepped into the classroom, I was surprised to see the same handsome man I had met earlier. “Good morning, everyone. Before we start, please come to the front one by one and introduce yourself to the class. I’ll go first. My family name is Brown....” Hearing his words, my heart began to beat wildly. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I tried to turn on my brain but the engine just wouldn’t start. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ My words made everyone laugh and all eyes turned to Mr Brown’s white shirt. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 I tried to turn on my brain but the engine just wouldn’t start. I should say my name, of course. But what else? What could I say to make a good first impression to erase the memory of that coffee stain? I was organizing my words in my head when my turn came. With butterflies in my stomach, I dragged my feet to the front. Glancing at Mr Brown’s encouraging smile, I cleared my throat, “Hello, I’m Lee. This morning, I accidentally spilled coffee on our head teacher. Sorry again, Mr Brown.” Instead of a proper self-introduction, I blurted out an apology. My words made everyone laugh and all eyes turned to Mr Brown’s white shirt. To my surprise, Mr Brown chuckled along with the class. “The coffee stain,” he said, his eyes twinkling, “has become our class’s first shared memory.” His response immediately eased my tension. He continued by comparing the accident to our learning journey, suggesting that sometimes the most imperfect beginning makes the best story, and that we should embrace such unexpected moments in senior high. Sunlight streamed through the window onto his white shirt, and I let out a smile of relief. People say, “Well begun, half done.” I guess this was a good beginning to my new school life. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者第一天去高中学校，偶遇一位帅气的年轻人并不小心将咖啡洒在他身上，后来发现他竟是自己的班主任。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我试图开动我的大脑，但引擎就是启动不起来。”可知，第一段可描写作者在自我介绍时的紧张表现以及说出的内容。 ②由第二段首句内容“我的话让大家都笑了，所有的目光都转向了布朗先生的白衬衫。”可知，第二段可描写布朗先生对咖啡渍的回应，以及作者对新学校生活的感受。 2. 续写线索：努力组织语言——紧张地走到前面——脱口而出道歉——布朗先生回应——作者感到轻松——认为是好的开始 3. 词汇激活： 行为类 ①清除：erase/remove/wipe out ②组织：organize/arrange/put in order ③瞥一眼：glance at/catch a glimpse of 情绪类 ①缓解：ease/relieve ②紧张：tension/nervousness/anxiety 【点睛】[高分句型1] I was organizing my words in my head when my turn came. (运用了从属连词when引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] He continued by comparing the accident to our learning journey, suggesting that sometimes the most imperfect beginning makes the best story, and that we should embrace such unexpected moments in senior high. (运用了现在分词作伴随状语和两个连词that引导宾语从句) [高分句型3] I guess this was a good beginning to my new school life. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句) ( 第 7 页 共 41 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 时态语态、主谓一致 ( 目录 学考要求速览 ...............................................................................................................1 必备知识梳理 ...............................................................................................................1 高频考点精讲 ..............................................................................................................12 进阶分级练 ..................................................................................................................17 ) 1. 掌握时态和语态的结构和基本用法 2. 熟练运用时间状语以及上下文确定动词的时态和语态 3. 掌握一些固定句式中时态和语态的用法 4. 根据句意或主谓一致原则确定名词的数 5. 掌握主谓一致“3”原则 考点一 动词时态 1. 动词的一般时态 1．一般现在时 (1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。 常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，sometimes，usually， every day/night等连用。 (2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。 (3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中， 用一般现在时表示将来。 Around two o’clock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers us. 每天晚上两点左右，苏就 说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。 If it doesn’t rain，we’ll go on a picnic as planned. 如果不下雨，我们将按计划去野餐。 Whatever you say，I will not change my mind. 无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。 The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday. 飞机每周三、周五2：30起飞。 2．一般过去时 表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，与现在没有关系或表示过去一段时间内反复发生的动作， 常 与 every day，often，sometimes等时间状语连用。 —Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been? ——好长时间没见你了！你去哪里了？ —I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year，teaching as a volunteer. ——我去了宁夏，在那里待了一年，作为一名志愿者教学。 3．一般将来时 (1)“shall/will＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动 作或存在的状态。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 (2)“be going to＋动词原形”表示①现在打算或计划将 来 要做的事情；②表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。 (3)“be to＋动词原形”表示①预先安排好的计划或约定；②表示说话人的意志、意图、指责、义务、命令等；③表示 注定要发生的事情。 (4)“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事， 该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 —What time is it? ——几点了？ —I have no idea.But just a minute，I will check it for you. ——我不知道。但是等一会儿，我给你查一下。 —Mr.Li was ill in hospital. ——李老师生病住院了。 —Oh，I didn’t know.I’ll go to see him tonight. ——哦，我还不知道呢。我今晚去看他。 I am to meet Mr.Brown at eleven o’clock this morning. 我要在今天上午11点见布朗先生。 I was about to go out when it began to rain. 我正要外出，这时开始下雨了。 2. 动词的进行时态 1．现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 (2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常限于go，come,leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have， wear等表示移动、方向的动词。 (3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always，constantly，continually等副词连用)。 2．过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten o’clock yesterday等连用。 She was phoning someone，so I nodded to her and went away. 她正在跟别人打电话，因此我朝她点了点头就走开了。 3．将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要从将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。 Daniel’s family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week. 丹尼尔一家人下星期这个时候将在黄山度假。 3. 动词的完成时态 1．现在完成时 (1)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作，常用的时间 状语：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in the last(past) few years，up to now，so far等。 (2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态，常与for,since等表示一段时间的状语连用。 (3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。 (4)This/It is the first/second...time＋that从句，that从句 中 谓语要用现在完成时。 (5)It(This)is the best(worst，most interesting等)＋名词＋定语从句，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。 —Have you heard about the recent election? ——你听说过近期的选举吗？ —Sure，it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days. ——当然了，它是近来三天新闻中唯一的事情了。 It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.这是我自从到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。 This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 这是第一次我们一家人去电影院看电影。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. 除非我亲眼看到，否则我不会相信你的。 2．过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间 状 语：by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time＋句子等。 (3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect， think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示 过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 (4)在“hardly(scarcely)．..when...”，“no sooner...than...” 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……”。 Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she had seen most of the guests before. 索菲娅环视了所有面庞，她有印象——绝大多数的客人以前她都见过。 He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all，he had had it for a very long time. 他把自己的吉他卖掉时并不高兴。毕竟，他拥有这把吉他已经很长时间了。 I had intended to call on you，but I had an unexpected visitor. 我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。 By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college. 杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down. 我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下了。 3．将来完成时 表示在将来某个时间之前完成的动作，并且往往对将来某一时间产生影响。常用时间状语为“by＋将来某个时间”。 By the time Mr.Smith arrives at the supermarket，we will have stayed there for one hour. 等到史密斯先生到达超市时，我们将已经在那里待了一个小时了。 4. 动词的其他时态 1．过去将来时 表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情，多用于宾语从句中。 He hoped that he would be given a more suitable job in 2016. 他希望在2016年能得到更合适的工作。 2．现在完成进行时(have/has been doing) 表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续 到现在,并有可能继续下去,常和for,since引导的时间状语连用。 Since the time humankind started gardening，we have been trying to make our environment more beautiful. 自从人类开始园艺技术的时候起，我们就一直在努力让我们 的环境变得更加美丽。 The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人如何改善这一方案。 3．过去完成进行时(had been doing) 表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到过去某一时刻，这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。 She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years. xk/w 她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续) She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour. 她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续) 考点二 动词语态 核心考点二 动词的语态 动词的语态 动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系.英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态用于主动句,表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态用于被动句,表示主语是动作的承受者.主动语态的构成方式与动词时态相同,而被动语态由 助动词be+过去分词 构成,有人称,数,时态的变化. 1．被动语态的构成为“be＋过去分词”，只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态，除be外被动语态的构 成 形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。 2．只要及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态,不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语： last，cost，spread，happen(to)，take place，belong to， break out，go out，run out，work out。 3.短语动词的被动语态 　 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如： 　　My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。 　　Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。 4. 表示“据说”或“相信” 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如： ( 第 1 页 共 41 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 It is said that…　　 据说　　 It is reported that… 据报道　　　 It is believed that…　大家相信　　　　　 It is hoped that…　大家希望 It is well known that… 众所周知　　 It is thought that…　大家认为 It is suggested that…　据建议　　　　　 It is taken granted that…　 被视为当然　 It has been decided that… 大家决定　　 It must be remember that… 务必记住的是 5. 不用被动语态的情况 　1） 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态。例如： 　  After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。 　  比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。  2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如： This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。  Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。  3） 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：It sounds good. 听上去不错。  4） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如： She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。  5） 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如： 　  （对） She likes to swim. 　  （错） To swim is liked by her.  6. 主动形式表示被动意义 　1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如： 　　 The book sells well.　　这本书销路好。 　　 This knife cuts easily.　 这刀子很好用。 　2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如： 　　 I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。 　　 Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。 　3）在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如：  The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。  This book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。 4）特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood （使别人能听见/理解自己）等。例如： Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。 7. 被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married等。例如： He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。 注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如： He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。 He got married to a rich girl. 8.need/want/require/worth 当 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。例如：  Your hair wants cutting.　你的头发该理了。  The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。 考点三 主谓一致 主谓一致的三个原则 一. 语法一致原则，即主语语法形式上的单复数形式与谓语的单复数形式要一致。 1.单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句做主语时，谓语动词一般采用单数形式。 注意：一个主语从句做主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。 2.当主语是and, both…and 连接的并列结构时，如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，谓语动词用复数。 注意：两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一人，同一物、同一概念，或不可分割的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数。这时and 后面的名词没有冠词。 3.由 and 连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each、every 、no、many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 Each boy and each girl has an apple.每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。 Many a teacher and many a student has seen the film.许多老师和学生都看过这部电影。 注意：each作主语或其修饰的名词作主语： each作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each student has an MP3, which gives them more ways to enjoy their spare time. 每个学生都有一个MP3，这给他们在课余时间享受生活提供了更多的方式。 Each of the class has been given a bike. 这个班里的每一个学生都得到了一辆自行车。 注意：each位于复数主语后或句尾，不影响谓语动词的数。 They each have built a happy family. (=They have built a happy family each.) 他们每个人都组建了幸福的家庭。 4某些不定代词，如 either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 等做主语，谓语动词用单数。 Each of the students has a book.每个学生都有一本书。 5主语是由“many a +名词”或“more than one+名词”构成，其意义虽属多数，但是随后的谓语动词仍然用单数。 Many a student is here.很多学生在这里。 More than one student goes to the park.很多学生去了公园。 注意：“many+复数名词+than one”结构之后， 谓语动词一般多用复数形式。 More employees than one are against your suggestion. 反对你的提议的雇员不止一个。 二. 意义一致原则，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 1.时间、距离、金钱、重量等复数名词做主语时，其谓语动词用单数。 时间：Three weeks is a long time to wait for an answer. 距离：One hundred kilometers is not a long distance. 金钱：20,000 dollars is not a small sum of money. 重量：Two hundred tons of water was used in that factory last month. 2.一个算式时，表示数目的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词用单数形式。 Twenty-five plus five is equal to thirty. Forty-three minus twenty-five makes eighteen. 3.–s 结尾的学科名称，如：mathematics, physics, politics, economics，mechanics, athletics, linguistics 等； Mathematics seems to be difficult to me. 注意：专有名词，如国名、人名、书名、戏剧名、组织机构及形式复数意义单数的名词news和以-s结尾的疾病的名词,如measles，arthritis, bronchitis, rickets, mumps等，他们形式上是复数，但意义上是单数。用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 No news is good news. The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book. The United States is a powerful country in the world. 4.山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s 结尾的专有名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 5一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。常用的这类词有： a. Goods（货物）；arms(武器); wages(工资);contents(内容); remains(尸体); fireworks(烟火)；clothes（衣服）；stairs(楼梯)等; b.凡是由-ings 结尾的名词，如surroundings(环境); savings(储蓄存款);clippings (剪下来的东西), diggings(挖出来的东西)，earnings(收入)，filings(銼屑)，lodgings ( 租住的房间)，sweepings (扫拢的垃圾)等; c. glasses; shorts(短裤）; trousers; shoes; scissors(剪刀); scales(天平); gloves(手套); compasses(圆规); spectacles(眼镜). 但是若其前面有pair 等表示单位的名词时，那么谓语动词的单复数由这些表示单位的词的单复数决定。 One pair of shoes is missing.。 Two pairs of trousers are missing. 6单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语动词的形式。常见的名词可分为一下几类： 某些动物名词：deer; fish; sheep; grouse (松鸡); salmon(鲑); bison(野牛); swine(猪)等. 以-ese 或-ss 结尾的表示民族或国籍的名词： Chinese; Japanese; Portuguese(葡萄牙人); Swiss（瑞士人）; Vietnamese（越南人）等。 某些以-s 结尾的名词： mans(方式，方法); species (种类); series (系列); works (工厂；著作); crossroads(十字路口); headquarters(司令部); barracks (营房); crops (部队); links(高尔夫球场);等. 某些表示计量单位的名词： Horsepower（马力）; hertz（赫兹）; kilohertz（千赫） 其它一些名词： Aircraft; craft(船；航空器；航天器); dice(骰子); offspring(子孙)等. There are five sheep on the farm, but there are only three goats. This glass works (factory) was set up in 1990. These glass works are near the railway station. Every possible means has been tried to to save the badly-hurt worker. All possible means have been tried to to save the badly-hurt worker. 为了去拯救这个严重受伤的工人，我们已经尝试了所有可能的方法。 7 clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage,等无生命的集体名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 Clothing is badly needed in the flooded area. 8 people, police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。 The police are looking for the thief. 9 集合名词class，family, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public, government, majority, minority, staff, class, company, union, gang, committee, council，nation等做主语，如果作为一个整体看待，其谓语动词要用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，则谓语动词用复数。 My family is a large one My family are watching TV. 10疑问代词who, what, which; 不定代词 all（指代的是“人”时, 谓语动词用复数；指代的是“物”时，谓语动词用单数）, none, some, any；half/ most/enough/the rest/ the last/ lots/plenty/part/分数/百分数+of+名词做主语，谓语动词的单复数要由它们所接名词的单复数而定。根据其指代的内容而定。 All is going on very well. All are present besides the professor. A lot of students are coming to the meeting. 11 “a number of +复数可数名词”表示“一些，许多”，谓语动词要用复数。 “the number of +复数可数名词”表示“…的数目，数量”，谓语动词要用单数。 The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.有50个人被邀请，但是很多人因为各种各样的原因缺席了。 12 a quantity of /an amount of+名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 Quantities of / amounts of +名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。 A(this) kind/sort/type of+名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 These (those) kinds/sorts/types of +名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。 A large quantity of books is here. Large quantities of books are here. A large amount of money is wasted. Large amounts of money are wasted. 13. “one and a half+可数名词复数”，“one in (out of )+可数名词复数”作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。 One and a half days is all the manager can spare. 经理只能抽出一天半的时间。 One in three students can speak English in this school. 在这所学校的每三个学生中就有一个会说英语的。 注意：one or two, a…or two修饰的名词作主语： One or two后接复数名词作主语，谓语动词要用复数。但在“a/an+单数名词+or two”结构之后，位于却常用单数。 14关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中做主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 Those who want to go to the park, please stand up. Some of the energy that is used by man nowadays comes from the atom. “one of +复数名词+定语从句”，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。 “the only/the very/the first/the last + one of +复数名词+定语从句”, 定语从句的谓语动词用单数。 15 “the +形容词/分词”做主语，如果指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数。 The rich are not always happy 三. 就(靠)近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 1.由 or; either…or; neither…nor; whether…or; not only…but also，not…but等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。 Neither you nor I am fit for the work. Not only Tom but also Mary and Jane are tired of doing the same thing every day. 注意：“with /along with/ together with/ combined with/ as well as/ like/unlike/ rather than/ but/ except /besides/ in addition to/ including/ more than/ no less than/accompanied by +名词”置于主语后，他们都充当插入语，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。 He, like you and Jim, is clever. The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible. Mary, as well as her sisters, studies Chinese in China. Nobody except Bill and Jonny has entered the second round of the interview. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。 例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 考点一 动词时态 例1. The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). ……. We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 例2. What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 例3. It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. ……. When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white. 1.（2020·新课标I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 2． 65（When/As） he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66． (point) down the river. 3.By about 6000 BC，people 61． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 4.New methods 65． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. 5.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38． (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39（which/that） opened in 1759. 考点二 动词语态 例1．Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A．were displaying B．are displaying C．were being displayed D．are being displayed 例2.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics. A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed 例3.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given 1.【2018·北京】A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 2.【2017·江苏卷】He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______. A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed 3. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet. A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented 考点三 主谓一致 例1．The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level since. A．are remaining B．have remained C．is remaining D．has remained 例2. The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months. A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give 例3.The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. A. is B. are C. was D. were 1.＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct) .＂ 2. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 3.While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. 4．The artist was sure he would63．(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. 5.And，as more children were born，more food 59．(need). 一、单项选择 1．______ from the mountain top at night, the city ______ even more charming — with bright lights on its streets and faraway buildings shining like little stars. A．Seeing; is looked B．Seeing; looks C．Seen; looking D．Seen; looks 2．It ______ whether AI can really save people a lot of real time at work, since it’s still new in many jobs. A．remains to be seen B．remaining to be seen C．is remained to see D．remained to see 3．Never ______ how terrifying a disaster could be until I witnessed that the entire city ______ in ruins. A．was I known; lay B．do I know; lies C．did I know; lay D．had I known; lied 4．Since To the Wonder ______ on May 7, it ______ an online hit, achieving a score of 8.8 out of 10 on China’s reviewing site Douban. A．is released, becomes B．was released, has become C．has released, became D．has released, has become 5．All these years, Eric had lived as a ________ . He used to ________ during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact ________ he had become the ghost of Endley. A．recluse; sleep; that B．regiment; sleeping; which C．recluse; sleep; which D．desert; sleeping; what 6．Calligraphy works done with writing brushes ______ by many foreigners up to now. A．has been appreciated B．have been appreciated C．was appreciated D．were appreciated 7．This is the only one of the best films ______ this year. A．that have shown B．that have been shown C．that has shown D．that has been shown 8．The tallest building ________ stands in the center of our city ______  five years ago. A．that; built B．that; was built C．that; was building D．which; was built 9．After a decade of obscurity, her _________ artistic style finally earned her widespread _________, and she was officially _________as a master of her craft. A．recognised; recognising; recognizable B．recognisable; recognition; recognised C．recognising; recognition; recognize D．recognition; recognised; recognisably 10．More than one Chinese literary masterpiece, such as Journey to the West and Dream of the Red Chamber, _________ into over fifty different languages in the past century. A．is being translated B．has been translated C．are being translated D．have been translated 11．The student,________ always helps others, as well as her parents________ to join the club. A．who; wants B．that; wants C．who; want D．which; wants 12．_________ waste paper and plastic bottles _________ an easy way to protect the environment. A．Recycle; is B．Recycling; are C．Recycling; is D．To recycle; are 13．Look! There ________ some information about city traffic rules in this book. A．is B．are C．was 14．You can travel or read to make sure that ________ your body ________ spirit is on the way to your dream. A．neither; nor B．both; and C．either; or D．not; but 15．Nowadays, ________ of the old people in my town ________ used to going for a walk after supper. A．two thirds; is B．two third; are C．two third; is D．two thirds; are 16．Mr. Li, together with his children, ________ the museum. They will be back this afternoon. A．have gone to B．have been to C．has been to D．has gone to 17．Nobody but the twins ________ to Hongkong before. A．have been B．have gone C．has been D．has gone 18．Not only I but also my brother ________ basketball in vacation. A．like playing B．like play C．likes playing D．likes play 19．Either you or he ________ to invite Mr. Lan to our party this weekend. A．go B．is going to C．are going to D．are gone 20．Look! Many sheep ________ grass on the hill while a sheep ________ on the ground comfortably. A．is eating; is lying B．are eating; are lying C．eat; lies D．are eating; is lying 二、语法填空 21．The past decades (witness) the great changes in the ancient city. 22．I (hope) to achieve a high score in the Word Contest, but I failed. 23．When I came home half an hour ago, my sister (listen) to music. 24．Neighbors suddenly (spot) smoke coming out of the house and called 911 immediately. 25．Don’t call me at 8 o’clock tomorrow evening; I (attend) an important online conference then. 26．The quiet little town located at the foot of the mountain (witness) many great changes in terms of economy and culture in the past 10 years. 27．Over 200 students from our school   (admit) to Peking University by the end of last year. 28．To their great joy, a new football field (build) in their school now. 29．Due to John’s excellent performance, it is likely that he (accept) to Harvard University. 30．The local community’s sense of unity has been (strength) through many volunteer activities this year. 31．It is reported that a series of advanced experiments (conduct) in the lab at present to investigate the abnormal cells. 32．Not just you but he (like) the country music very much. 33．These means of travel (be) popular among the young people. 34．Not knowing where I’m going (be) what inspires me to travel. 35．Look! There (be) a dog and some cats playing in the yard. 一、阅读理解 A We’re Hiring First Person Columnists Do you have a unique story to tell that other Canadian kids will relate to? Are you passionate about writing? Do you want to be featured on CBC Kids News? Send us your pitch (故事创意)! We’re looking for submissions for First Person columns. The First Person column is a one-time article that tells the story of a specific experience you have had. We look for personal stories that offer a unique perspective on a situation, are tied to something happening in the news and will be of interest to other kids in Canada. It has a strong focus, which is written from the heart and offers insight. Who are we looking for? ●Kids who are between the ages of 9 and 18. ●Kids who are open to having their names and photos published on our website. ●Kids who are interested in writing and working with our team to share their stories. ●Kids from across Canada, from different backgrounds and underrepresented communities. What’s a good article? A good article for a First Person column has a clear focus, makes a specific point and is written about a real-life experience — not fictional — that can be verified (证实). How much work is involved? Writing a First Person column takes about five hours. We understand that you have school and other commitments, too, so we can work around your schedule. If we’re interested in your article, you’ll meet with one of our producers and make a plan. You’ll write several drafts. A producer will review each draft to help make it the best it can be. Our goal is to make sure the article is written in your authentic voice and meets CBC’s journalistic standards. Here’s the good news: You’ll get paid! 1．Who is qualified to become a potential columnist? A．An experienced college teacher. B．A high school student. C．A professional adult journalist. D．A professional story writer. 2．What is required for a good article? A．An imaginative fictional tale. B．A lengthy research paper. C．A true personal experience. D．A breaking news report. 3．What does the text intend to do? A．Set journalistic standards. B．Publish personal stories. C．Teach writing techniques. D．Look for young writers. B On the third day of school, my teacher’s claim that no one would score above 90% shook my confidence. This anxiety was intensified at home, where my father voiced his concerns over my way to a necessity for a celebrated university. The final catalyst for my breakdown was an unexpected rejection from the Regional Red Cross Youth Council. The Red Cross was my passion and what I relied on to set me apart from other applicants. This rejection made my future seem hopeless, and I broke like a rubber band stretched beyond its limit. I found my mother, the woman who had sacrificed her own career and life for my opportunities, and poured out my fears. She listened attentively before drawing a circle on the tablecloth. “This is your time,” she began. “Eighty percent is schoolwork, and twenty percent extracurriculars.” She then looked at me with deep emotion and said, “But most importantly, at one hundred percent, is your mental health.” “Nothing is more important than your health,” she continued. “We want you to have a good job so you’ll be less stressed. If this path makes you so unhappy, it isn’t worth it. If you’re happier selling ice-cream, so be it.” Her insight was a big relief. I realized a rubber band doesn’t have to keep stretching. A rubber band that wraps around your hair during the day and is allowed to rest at night won’t ever break. My routine remained the same — studying hard and pursuing excellence. The fear of failure lost its power. I am still reaching for the moon, but I am no longer afraid. For I know that if I miss, I will land right in my mother’s arms. 4．What does the underlined word “catalyst” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Foundation. B．Solution. C．Symbol. D．Cause. 5．What does the mother attach most importance to? A．The author’s overall well-being. B．The sacrifice for her daughter. C．The score of the author’s exam. D．The author’s devotion to schoolwork. 6．Why does the author mention “rubber band”? A．To show a shift in the author’s view on pressure. B．To express a conflict with her mother about goals. C．To illustrate a bond between the author and her mother. D．To explain a link to the author’s academic performance. 7．What’s the author’s attitude towards her future? A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Pessimistic. C For centuries, people thought that fish did not feel pain or emotions. Now research has shown that fish not only have feelings but can also sense one another’s moods. When a human understands and shares the feelings of another person, this is called empathy. Scientists have found that a chemical in the brain called oxytocin is involved in our ability to connect with others in this way. A basic form of empathy, known as emotional contagion, happens when an individual sees someone else displaying an emotion (such as happiness or fear) and reacts by displaying the same type of behavior. An international team of researchers tested zebrafish with a series of experiments. First, they placed the fish in two separate tanks and gave one group a substance that caused them to act fearful — either freezing or swimming irregularly. Even though the fish in the nearby tank had not touched the substance, they also began to freeze in fear. “They respond to other individuals being frightened... just like us.” Ibukun Akinrinade, a co-author of the study, told the Associated Press. The scientists tried the experiment with fish that had been modified so their brains would not produce oxytocin. These fish were much less likely to act anxious when they saw other fish showing fear. If researchers gave them an injection of oxytocin, their ability to empathize returned. Finally, researchers played videos of fearful fish on one side of the tank and relaxed fish on the other side. Normal fish moved closer to the side that showed the fearful fish, which might have been an attempt to comfort them. The modified fish did not move toward either side. Looking at the normal fish’s brains, researchers saw activity in a region similar to the one humans and other mammals use when empathizing with others. This could mean that the ability to have empathy developed more than 350 million years ago, when fish and mammals shared a common ancestor. Next, researchers want to study whether fish also transfer positive emotions to one another. 8．The phrase “emotional contagion” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A．the ability to control one’s own emotions when others are emotional B．the process of sharing and reflecting others’ emotions unconsciously C．the tendency to hide one’s true feelings to avoid affecting others D．the capacity to understand the root cause of others’ emotions 9．What is Ibukun Akinrinade’s view on fish empathy? A．Fish empathy is limited to negative emotions like fear. B．Zebrafish are the only fish species capable of empathy. C．Fish empathy is stronger than that of humans and mammals. D．The emotional response of fish is comparable to that of humans. 10．What did the researchers find about the modified zebrafish? A．They could still sense fear in other fish without oxytocin. B．They showed increased anxiety when injected with oxytocin. C．They failed to respond to videos of either fearful or relaxed fish. D．They moved closer to fearful fish to comfort them intentionally. 11．What can be the best title of the text? A．More Than Feelings: How Fish Share Emotions B．From Fear to Comfort: The Social Lives of Fish C．The Ancient Roots of Empathy: Evidence from Fish D．A New Discovery: The Emotional World of Zebrafish D Holidays are often described as picture-perfect moments: families happily united around a table filled with seasonal food favorites against a perfect background. For many parents, attempting to meet such unrealistic expectations can destroy their self-worth gradually. In the real world, parents are juggling (同时兼顾) more activities. It’s all too easy to fall into survival parenting, an approach where the focus is on simply getting through the day. These holidays can feel like anything but a holiday. U. S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy released a warning in August 2024 calling for a rapid recovery of parental well-being. Murthy along with scientists and parents sees that the current stress of parenting is seriously affecting the physical and mental health of caregivers. He states his concern over reports that most days, nearly half of all parents feel seriously stressed. Data from a 2022 Household Pulse Survey found that the majority of parents — including 35% with children under 5 and 54% with children between 5 and 11 — have no formal child care support. This is undoubtedly driven, at least in part, by the rising costs and increasing lack of day care choices. The research shows that focusing only on getting through the day with your kids is linked to more stress and harsher parenting behaviors. When a mom or dad is in survival mode, they tend to be more likely to shout demands and criticize their children’s behavior, as opposed (相反的) to thinking through the impacts of these behaviors. Stressed-out parents are quicker to criticize little things that get in the way of achieving immediate goals, such as spilling flour on the floor. And they are slower to notice and acknowledge their child’s strengths, such as their interest in helping in the kitchen. However, bringing joy back to parenting this holiday season — and any time of the year — is more straightforward than most recipes on Pinterest, a social platform. The secret is taking the pressure off surviving the moment and refocusing on the future you want to create. 12．What is the parents’ real situation during the holidays according to the passage? A．They battle hard through great stress. B．They promote parenting with pure delight. C．They effortlessly reunite with extended family. D．They balance work-from-home tasks smoothly. 13．What’s the purpose of paragraph 3? A．To tell readers the fact of rising costs. B．To showcase the parents’ stress. C．To analyze causes of parents’ stress. D．To explain how to get the data. 14．What will be most likely discussed following the last paragraph? A．Ways to achieve long-term family goals. B．Practical steps to bring back parenting joy. C．Necessity of reducing holiday expectations. D．Recipes for Pinterest-worthy holiday activities. 15．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Holiday Daycare Crisis: A Hidden Threat to Parents B．Strict Holiday Parenting: Stress Shaping Child Behavior C．Behind Parental Burnout: Holidays Hurting Modern Families D．Beyond Holiday Survival Mode: Rebuilding Joyful Parenting 七选五 According to statistics published by the University of Scranton, about 45 percent of Americans usually make New Year’s resolutions — and the most popular resolution is losing weight. Of those who make resolutions, a mere 8 percent achieve them. 16 Are we just setting ourselves up for failure? Learn how to make realistic resolutions and how to overcome the roadblocks along the way. Setting a resolution to lose 15 pounds isn’t a goal that’s achievable now. It may be a good long-term goal. 17 Registered dietitian Elisa Zied says, “…to be real when you make a resolution. It’s okay to shoot for the stars like making a resolution to run a marathon, but why not set a smaller goal and train smart?” The same concept applies to weight loss. 18 These goals should help develop healthy habits that will finally help achieve your long-term resolution. Notice that these goals are simple and achievable. “Instead of going from zero to 60, from never going to the gym to going four to five times a week, why not start with three days a week, get consistent (坚持的) and build from there,” Zied says. “Set yourself up for success and map out your course by making appointments with yourself to be active. 19 ” You also need to be aware of your current exercise and eating habits to make achievable goals. Keeping a diary of your food and exercise habits can help. Record everything you eat and drink for three to five days and review it. 20 For example, if you notice a tendency to snack on unhealthy fare, set a goal to eat a fruit or vegetable with each snack. Building on these smaller goals over time can help you achieve your long-term goal. A．So why do so many of us fail to achieve our goals? B．Once you notice your not-so-good habits, start fixing them. C．Set between one to three weekly goals that you want to achieve. D．Resolutions usually involve a commitment to sticking to your goals. E．However, in order to reach it, you need to take baby steps to get it done. F．If you treat your goals like set appointments, you’re more likely to achieve them G．Losing weight, as well as getting a better job, is among the most popular resolutions for adults. 二、完形填空 Brad Ryan had been feeling very tired from veterinary (兽医的) school when he visited his 85-year-old grandma back in 2015. He hoped that spending some quality family time in his hometown would help to 21 . As he was telling his grandma some 22 of his travels, he was 23 to hear that she had never seen the sea or mountains. Ryan then asked his grandmother if she would like to 24 the Smoky Mountains with him. Needless to say, she was more than 25 to go with him. Then Ryan made a plan and they set out on their 26 . They have since visited 29 different national parks across America-from the breathtaking slopes of the Great Sand Dunes in Colorado to the attractive shores of Acadia National Park in Maine. Over the 27 of the last three and a half years, Ryan says that he and his grandma have 28 driven 25, 000 miles through 38 states, and it has 29 his quality of living. “Seeing it through my grandmother’s eyes, who every morning wakes up and is 30 to be alive, has taught me how to 31 ,” Ryan said. “With her, I’ve had to 32 and see my life in a different way, which has made it much 33 . ” “I 34 my grandma, and our journeys really gave me a lot of peace before she eventually passed away. I can 35 these places and feel her spirit and feel connected to her, because she set her eyes on the 36 things,” he added. Ryan, who has been 37 all of their adventures online, hopes that their social media presence will 38 other youngsters to spend more time with their elders. “I want people who are still 39 to know, it is cool to hang out with your grandparents,” Ryan said. “There’s so much 40 and knowledge we can get from our elders.” 21．A．boost his confidence B．lift his spirits C．broaden his horizons D．attract his attention 22．A．evidence B．knowledge C．results D．stories 23．A．heartbroken B．proud C．interested D．impatient 24．A．find B．leave C．visit D．protect 25．A．frightened B．worried C．fortunate D．happy 26．A．interview B．performance C．journey D．speech 27．A．head B．end C．history D．course 28．A．repeatedly B．totally C．immediately D．secretly 29．A．tested B．determined C．improved D．shown 30．A．thankful B．afraid C．powerless D．sorry 31．A．live B．study C．travel D．work 32．A．give up B．catch up C．slow down D．settle down 33．A．harder B．clearer C．safer D．richer 34．A．love B．believe C．teach D．help 35．A．put up with B．go back to C．make up for D．come out of 36．A．right B．only C．same D．real 37．A．watching B．sharing C．comparing D．exchanging 38．A．encourage B．force C．request D．allow 39．A．positive B．strong C．poor D．young 40．A．experience B．imagination C．achievement D．wealth 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the 1990s, a small town in southern China faced a big change — the arrival of online shopping. Before that, locals mostly bought things 41 small shops, where owners knew almost every customer by name. Many families even sought hand-made 42 (product) like cloth shoes, because they were strong and full of local style. However, this traditional way started to change with the 43 (explode) of the Internet in the early 2000s. Young people first tried online shopping. They 44 (order) clothes from faraway cities and shared experiences on social media, which made more neighbors curious. Soon old residents asked their children for help — some wanted Yunnan tea, 45 quality is famous nationwide, 46 others looked for cheap but good kitchen tools. Local shopkeeper Mr. Li once worried online stores would take his customers. He 47 (sell) daily things for over 20 years, but he soon realized he could adapt. He opened 48 online shop to sell local snacks, which quickly became popular among people missing their hometown taste. Today, the town has both offline and online stores. Mr. Li says, “Change isn’t scary. What matters is finding ways 49 (keep) our roots while moving forward.” From the first online order to the busy online markets today, every step has been a new experience for locals — one that has taught them to embrace new things and be 50 (pride) of their local culture. 四、书信写作 51．假定你是李华，你校英语俱乐部计划组织一次英语口语练习活动。请你给你校交换生 Eric 写一封英文邮件，邀请他担任这次活动的志愿者， 内容包括： 1. 活动目的；2. 工作内容；3.  你的期待。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。 Dear Eric, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 五、书面表达 52．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind, the big day finally arrived: my first day at senior high! I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school. On the way, the morning breeze brushing my cheeks like a friendly hello, I kept wondering what my new teachers would be like — maybe strict but kind, or funny and easy to talk to? The campus was still quiet when I arrived, so I decided to explore a bit. Anxious and excited, I told myself, “Lee, you will have a good beginning.” Some birds singing, I walked past the gym and stopped to look at the noticeboard. I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me. “New here?” Turning around suddenly, I crashed straight into someone. Then I heard the sound of a cup hitting the ground, and immediately saw the spilled coffee. Looking up, my face burning, I saw a handsome and young man with brown hair. His clean white shirt now had a dark brown mark, and it was spreading across his chest. “Oh, no!” I yelped. All the excitement about the new day disappeared, replaced by panic (惊慌)。 He quickly pulled out a tissue to wipe up the coffee stain on the floor. “It’s all right,” he said, “accidents happen.” I froze there, forgetting to help, “I... I am terribly sorry. I was just wondering what life is going to be like here.” “Don’t worry,” he gave me a smile. “You’ll soon find out.” He picked up the pieces of the cup and said goodbye to me. How true his words were! When my head teacher stepped into the classroom, I was surprised to see the same handsome man I had met earlier. “Good morning, everyone. Before we start, please come to the front one by one and introduce yourself to the class. I’ll go first. My family name is Brown....” Hearing his words, my heart began to beat wildly. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I tried to turn on my brain but the engine just wouldn’t start. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ My words made everyone laugh and all eyes turned to Mr Brown’s white shirt. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $