专题08 时态语态、主谓一致(知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练)-【学考复习】2025年高中英语学业水平合格性考试总复习(全国通用,春季高考适用)

2024-11-14
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 时态,被动语态,主谓一致
使用场景 高考复习-学业考试
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 229 KB
发布时间 2024-11-14
更新时间 2024-11-14
作者 乐思英语精品馆
品牌系列 上好课·学考必备
审核时间 2024-11-14
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专题08时态语态、主谓一致 目录 明晰学考要求 1 基础知识梳理 1 考点精讲讲练 2 考点一:时态 2 考点二:语态 5 考点三:主谓一致 6 实战能力训练 8 1. 掌握时态和语态的结构和基本用法 2. 熟练运用时间状语以及上下文确定动词的时态和语态 3. 掌握一些固定句式中时态和语态的用法 4. 根据句意或主谓一致原则确定名词的数 5. 掌握主谓一致“3”原则 (一)整体理解 时态、语态和主谓一致的重要性:时态、语态和主谓一致是英语语法的核心内容,它们相互配合,使句子能够准确地传达动作发生的时间、动作的执行者与承受者之间的关系以及句子主语和谓语在数量上的匹配关系。正确运用这些语法点是构建准确、通顺英语句子的关键。 综合运用的必要性:在实际语言运用中,需要根据句子所表达的具体情境、时间状语以及上下文逻辑来综合判断时态、语态的选择和主谓一致的情况,不能孤立地看待每个语法点。 (二)重点关注方向 时态和语态的结构识别与应用:学生需要牢记各种时态和语态的基本结构,能够根据句子的语义需求准确地选择和运用。重点是要理解每种时态和语态所表达的时间和动作关系,例如现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响,被动语态强调动作的承受者等。 时间状语和上下文线索的把握:学会从给定的时间状语以及句子的上下文信息中获取关于时态和语态的线索。时间状语是确定时态的重要提示,如 “yesterday” 通常提示一般过去时,“since + 时间点” 提示现在完成时等;同时,上下文的逻辑关系也能帮助判断动作的先后顺序和语态情况。 固定句式中的特殊用法:注意一些固定句式中时态和语态的特殊要求。例如,在 “主将从现” 的句式(如 If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.)中,条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来,主句用一般将来时。对于这些特殊用法,要通过大量的例句来理解和记忆。 主谓一致原则的运用:掌握主谓一致的三个原则(语法一致、意义一致、就近原则),并能根据句子主语的具体情况(如单复数形式、集体名词的含义、并列主语的连接词等)来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。尤其要注意一些容易混淆的情况,如 “with” 结构、“either...or...” 等连接词引导的主语的谓语动词单复数选择。 (一)时态 时态名称 结构 用法 例句(翻译) 一般现在时 do/does 常表示习惯性动作、状态、客观事实等 He often goes to school by bike.(他经常骑自行车上学。) 一般过去时 did 过去某个时间的动作或状态、过去常反复的动作 She visited the Great Wall last year.(她去年参观了长城。) 一般将来时 will do; be going to do 将来某个时间的动作或状态 I am going to study harder next term.(我打算下学期更努力地学习。) 现在进行时 be doing 现在或现阶段正在进行的动作 I am reading a book now.(我现在正在读一本书。) 1.一般现在时 结构:主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it 等)时,谓语动词一般加 -s 或 -es;其他人称用动词原形。 基本用法: 表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的行为。常与频率副词(always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、never)和时间状语(every day/week/month/year 等)连用。例如:He often goes to school by bike.(他经常骑自行车上学。) 表示客观事实、真理或自然现象。例如:The earth moves around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。) 2.一般过去时 结构:一般在动词原形后加 -ed 构成过去式(规则动词);不规则动词有其特殊的过去式形式。 基本用法: 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语(yesterday、last week/month/year、just now、a few days ago 等)连用。例如:She visited the Great Wall last year.(她去年参观了长城。) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。例如:When I was a child, I often played football with my friends.(我小时候经常和朋友们踢足球。) 3. 一般将来时 结构: will + 动词原形:表示单纯的将来,没有计划性。例如:It will rain tomorrow.(明天将会下雨。) be going to + 动词原形:表示打算、计划做某事或有迹象表明即将发生某事。例如:I am going to study harder next term.(我打算下学期更努力地学习。);Look at the dark clouds. It's going to rain.(看那些乌云。快要下雨了。) 基本用法:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。 4. 现在进行时 结构:am/is/are + 动词的现在分词(动词原形 + -ing)。 基本用法: 表示现在正在进行的动作。例如:I am reading a book now.(我现在正在读一本书。) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作(说话时动作不一定正在进行)。例如:He is writing a novel these days.(他这些天正在写一部小说。) 时态名称 结构 用法 例句(翻译) 过去进行时 was/were +doing 表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作 At seven o'clock yesterday evening, I was watching TV.(昨晚七点,我正在看电视。) 过去将来时 would + do; was/were going to + do 从过去某一时间看将来要发生的动作或状态,常用于主过从将的宾语从句 He said he would come to see me the next day.(他说他第二天会来看我。) 现在完成时 have/has + done ①过去动作对现在影响结果;②过去开始持续至今动作或状态(常与 for + 时间段或 since + 时间点连用) I have lost my key.(我把钥匙丢了,现在没钥匙了。) 过去完成时 had + done 表示过去某个时间或动作之前已发生或完成的动作(过去的过去) When I got to the cinema, the movie had already started.(当我到电影院时,电影已经开始了。) 5. 过去进行时 结构:was/were + 动词的现在分词。 基本用法:表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。 例句:At seven o'clock yesterday evening, I was watching TV.(昨天晚上七点,我正在看电视。) 6. 过去将来时 结构:would + 动词原形;was/were going to + 动词原形。 基本用法:表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句中,当主句是一般过去时,从句要表达将来的含义时使用。 例句:He said he would come to see me the next day.(他说他第二天会来看我。) 7. 现在完成时 结构:have/has + 动词的过去分词。 基本用法: 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与 “for + 时间段” 或 “since + 时间点” 连用。 例句:I have lost my key.(我把钥匙丢了。)(现在没有钥匙了) 8. 过去完成时 结构:had + 动词的过去分词。 基本用法:表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即 “过去的过去”。 例句:When I got to the cinema, the movie had already started.(当我到达电影院时,电影已经开始了。) (二)语态 1. 主动语态 结构特点:一般遵循 “主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语” 的结构,句子的主语是动作的执行者。例如:The boy throws the ball.(男孩扔球。) 基本理解:主动语态重点在于描述主语执行动作的过程,强调动作的执行者。 2. 被动语态 结构: 一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are + 过去分词。例如:English is spoken in many countries.(英语在许多国家被说。) 一般过去时的被动语态:was/were + 过去分词。例如:The house was built last year.(房子是去年建的。) 一般将来时的被动语态:will be + 过去分词或 be going to be + 过去分词。例如:The meeting will be held next week.(会议将在下周被举行。) 现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are being + 过去分词。例如:The car is being repaired.(汽车正在被修理。) 过去进行时的被动语态:was/were being + 过去分词。例如:The book was being read by her at that time.(那时她正在读这本书。) 现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been + 过去分词。例如:The work has been finished.(工作已经被完成了。) 过去完成时的被动语态:had been + 过去分词。例如:The letter had been sent before I arrived.(信在我到达之前就已经被寄出了。) 3. 基本用法: 强调动作的承受者,不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。例如:My bike was stolen last night.(我的自行车昨晚被偷了。) 动作的执行者是 “人们”、“大家” 等泛指概念。例如:This kind of wine is made in France.(这种酒是在法国酿造的。) (三)主谓一致 1. 语法一致原则 基本规则:主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。 具体情况: 以单数名词或代词、不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:The book is on the table.(书在桌子上。)Water is necessary for life.(水对生命是必需的。) 以 and 连接的两个或多个并列主语: 表示不同的人或物时,谓语动词用复数。例如:Tom and Jerry are good friends.(汤姆和杰瑞是好朋友。) 如果表示同一个人或物,或者指一个整体概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:The singer and dancer is very famous.(这位歌唱家兼舞蹈家很有名。) 主语后有 with、along with、together with、as well as 等短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要和前面的主语保持一致。例如:The teacher, along with his students, is visiting the museum.(老师和他的学生们正在参观博物馆。) 2. 意义一致原则 基本规则:根据主语所表达的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式,而不是仅仅看主语的语法形式。 具体情况: 集体名词(如 family、class、team 等): 若看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数;若强调集体中的各个成员,谓语动词用复数。例如:My family is a big one.(我的家庭是一个大家庭。)My family are watching TV together.(我的家人正在一起看电视。) 单复数同形的名词(如 sheep、deer、fish 等):根据其表示的单复数意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。例如:A sheep is eating grass.(一只羊正在吃草。)Some sheep are running on the hill.(一些羊正在山上跑。) 时间、金钱、距离、重量等作主语时,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。例如:Ten kilometers is a long distance.(十公里是一段很长的距离。) 3. 就近原则 基本规则:谓语动词的单复数形式要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。 具体情况: either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also... 连接主语时。例如:Either you or he is wrong.(要么你错了,要么他错了。)Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.(学生们和老师都不知道答案。)Not only Tom but also his parents are coming to the party.(不仅汤姆,他的父母也来参加聚会。) 例题精练,举一反三 1. A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 2. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 3. When and where to build the new factory ______ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 4. Look! A nice picture ______ for our teacher. A. is drawing B. is being drawn C. has been drawn D. draws 5. - I called you at about ten o'clock this morning. But you didn't answer the phone. Oh, I'm sorry. I ______ with my mother in the supermarket. A. shop B. was shopping C. shopped D. will shop 6. The news that he told us ______ exciting. We were all excited by it. A. was B. were C. is D. are 7. This kind of shoes ______ well. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold 8. Every possible means ______ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used 9. - How long ______ you ______ in this school? For three years. I'll graduate next year. A. have; studied B. did; study C. will; study D. do; study - Do you know when Tom ______ from abroad? 10. Perhaps it will be a long time before he ______. A. will come; will come B. comes; will come C. will come; comes D. comes; comes 11. I'm sorry you've missed the train. It ______ ten minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left 12. - What's that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______. A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested 13. Great changes ______ in my hometown in the past few years. A. have taken place B. took place C. take place D. are taking place - ______ the sports meeting might be put off. 14. Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. I've been told B. I've told C. I'm told D. I told 15. The Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1896, ______ every four years so far. A. are held B. were held C. have been held D. had been held 一、单项选择 1.(23-24高一下·广东深圳·期中)Many parents ________ at the back of the classroom, ________ to the teacher attentively. A.were seated, listening B.were seating, were listening C.seated, listening D.seated, listened 2.(23-24高二·全国·课后作业)By the time he arrived in Beijing, we _______ there for two days. A.will have stayed B.stay C.have been staying D.had stayed 3.(23-24高二·全国·课后作业)We to finish the work before dark, but the heavy rain held us up. A.meant B.was meaning C.had meant D.would mean 4.(23-24高一下·天津·期末)Up to now, more than one article on environmental protection ______ in the local newspaper. A.has published B.have published C.has been published D.have been published 5.(22-23高二·全国·课后作业)It was not until 3 days later that the boy came back to life and explained to the police what_______ to him. A.was happening B.was to happen C.had happened D.has happened 6.(22-23高一下·浙江杭州·期中)I got to love Hangzhou ______ I went there in 2001 and that was the first time that I ______Longjing Tea. A.the first time; had tasted B.for the first time; had tasted C.the first time; have tasted D.for the first time; tasted 7.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)Joseph ________ to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Japanese. A.went B.was going C.has been going D.is going 8.(23-24高一下·黑龙江鹤岗·期末)Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary _______ as managers of the local stores since they won the national sales competition at the end of October. A.was appointed B.were appointed C.has been appointed D.have been appointed 9.(23-24高二下·广东·期末)A recent survey ________ 60% of US respondents believed social media platforms were evolving too fast, ________ 80% urged caution in introducing new features. A.shows, since B.has shown, so C.showed, while D.had shown, as 10.(2024高三上·全国·专题练习)Not only Jim but also Lucy ________ a few cities since they came to China. A.will visit B.visited C.have visited D.has visited 二、语法填空 11.(23-24高一下·全国·随堂练习)An observation tower for bird-watching (build) near the wetland reserve. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12.(23-24高一下·全国·随堂练习)The damaged section of the nature reserve fence (repair) to prevent wildlife encroachment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)Not only the paintings but also the sculpture (be) on display. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14.(2024高一下·全国·专题练习)We (seek) long and hard but found no answer in the past. (所给词适当形式填空) 15.(2024高一下·全国·专题练习)She (admit) having stolen that car last night. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)Twenty kilometres north of the city (stand) an ancient tower. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)She was left an orphan and a poor peasant woman (adopt) her. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18.(2024高一下·全国·专题练习)“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity (represent) in their brains,” Dr. Livingstone says. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)In order to cut down the emission of carbon dioxide, the citizens are (persuade) to cycle to work. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)Not only the sculpture , but also the artist’s technique was praised.(admire) (所给词的适当形式填空) ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 专题08时态语态、主谓一致 目录 明晰学考要求 1 基础知识梳理 1 考点精讲讲练 2 考点一:时态 2 考点二:语态 5 考点三:主谓一致 6 实战能力训练 10 1. 掌握时态和语态的结构和基本用法 2. 熟练运用时间状语以及上下文确定动词的时态和语态 3. 掌握一些固定句式中时态和语态的用法 4. 根据句意或主谓一致原则确定名词的数 5. 掌握主谓一致“3”原则 (一)整体理解 时态、语态和主谓一致的重要性:时态、语态和主谓一致是英语语法的核心内容,它们相互配合,使句子能够准确地传达动作发生的时间、动作的执行者与承受者之间的关系以及句子主语和谓语在数量上的匹配关系。正确运用这些语法点是构建准确、通顺英语句子的关键。 综合运用的必要性:在实际语言运用中,需要根据句子所表达的具体情境、时间状语以及上下文逻辑来综合判断时态、语态的选择和主谓一致的情况,不能孤立地看待每个语法点。 (二)重点关注方向 时态和语态的结构识别与应用:学生需要牢记各种时态和语态的基本结构,能够根据句子的语义需求准确地选择和运用。重点是要理解每种时态和语态所表达的时间和动作关系,例如现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响,被动语态强调动作的承受者等。 时间状语和上下文线索的把握:学会从给定的时间状语以及句子的上下文信息中获取关于时态和语态的线索。时间状语是确定时态的重要提示,如 “yesterday” 通常提示一般过去时,“since + 时间点” 提示现在完成时等;同时,上下文的逻辑关系也能帮助判断动作的先后顺序和语态情况。 固定句式中的特殊用法:注意一些固定句式中时态和语态的特殊要求。例如,在 “主将从现” 的句式(如 If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.)中,条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来,主句用一般将来时。对于这些特殊用法,要通过大量的例句来理解和记忆。 主谓一致原则的运用:掌握主谓一致的三个原则(语法一致、意义一致、就近原则),并能根据句子主语的具体情况(如单复数形式、集体名词的含义、并列主语的连接词等)来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。尤其要注意一些容易混淆的情况,如 “with” 结构、“either...or...” 等连接词引导的主语的谓语动词单复数选择。 (一)时态 时态名称 结构 用法 例句(翻译) 一般现在时 do/does 常表示习惯性动作、状态、客观事实等 He often goes to school by bike.(他经常骑自行车上学。) 一般过去时 did 过去某个时间的动作或状态、过去常反复的动作 She visited the Great Wall last year.(她去年参观了长城。) 一般将来时 will do; be going to do 将来某个时间的动作或状态 I am going to study harder next term.(我打算下学期更努力地学习。) 现在进行时 be doing 现在或现阶段正在进行的动作 I am reading a book now.(我现在正在读一本书。) 1.一般现在时 结构:主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it 等)时,谓语动词一般加 -s 或 -es;其他人称用动词原形。 基本用法: 表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的行为。常与频率副词(always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、never)和时间状语(every day/week/month/year 等)连用。例如:He often goes to school by bike.(他经常骑自行车上学。) 表示客观事实、真理或自然现象。例如:The earth moves around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。) 2.一般过去时 结构:一般在动词原形后加 -ed 构成过去式(规则动词);不规则动词有其特殊的过去式形式。 基本用法: 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语(yesterday、last week/month/year、just now、a few days ago 等)连用。例如:She visited the Great Wall last year.(她去年参观了长城。) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。例如:When I was a child, I often played football with my friends.(我小时候经常和朋友们踢足球。) 3. 一般将来时 结构: will + 动词原形:表示单纯的将来,没有计划性。例如:It will rain tomorrow.(明天将会下雨。) be going to + 动词原形:表示打算、计划做某事或有迹象表明即将发生某事。例如:I am going to study harder next term.(我打算下学期更努力地学习。);Look at the dark clouds. It's going to rain.(看那些乌云。快要下雨了。) 基本用法:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。 4. 现在进行时 结构:am/is/are + 动词的现在分词(动词原形 + -ing)。 基本用法: 表示现在正在进行的动作。例如:I am reading a book now.(我现在正在读一本书。) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作(说话时动作不一定正在进行)。例如:He is writing a novel these days.(他这些天正在写一部小说。) 时态名称 结构 用法 例句(翻译) 过去进行时 was/were +doing 表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作 At seven o'clock yesterday evening, I was watching TV.(昨晚七点,我正在看电视。) 过去将来时 would + do; was/were going to + do 从过去某一时间看将来要发生的动作或状态,常用于主过从将的宾语从句 He said he would come to see me the next day.(他说他第二天会来看我。) 现在完成时 have/has + done ①过去动作对现在影响结果;②过去开始持续至今动作或状态(常与 for + 时间段或 since + 时间点连用) I have lost my key.(我把钥匙丢了,现在没钥匙了。) 过去完成时 had + done 表示过去某个时间或动作之前已发生或完成的动作(过去的过去) When I got to the cinema, the movie had already started.(当我到电影院时,电影已经开始了。) 5. 过去进行时 结构:was/were + 动词的现在分词。 基本用法:表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。 例句:At seven o'clock yesterday evening, I was watching TV.(昨天晚上七点,我正在看电视。) 6. 过去将来时 结构:would + 动词原形;was/were going to + 动词原形。 基本用法:表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句中,当主句是一般过去时,从句要表达将来的含义时使用。 例句:He said he would come to see me the next day.(他说他第二天会来看我。) 7. 现在完成时 结构:have/has + 动词的过去分词。 基本用法: 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与 “for + 时间段” 或 “since + 时间点” 连用。 例句:I have lost my key.(我把钥匙丢了。)(现在没有钥匙了) 8. 过去完成时 结构:had + 动词的过去分词。 基本用法:表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即 “过去的过去”。 例句:When I got to the cinema, the movie had already started.(当我到达电影院时,电影已经开始了。) (二)语态 1. 主动语态 结构特点:一般遵循 “主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语” 的结构,句子的主语是动作的执行者。例如:The boy throws the ball.(男孩扔球。) 基本理解:主动语态重点在于描述主语执行动作的过程,强调动作的执行者。 2. 被动语态 结构: 一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are + 过去分词。例如:English is spoken in many countries.(英语在许多国家被说。) 一般过去时的被动语态:was/were + 过去分词。例如:The house was built last year.(房子是去年建的。) 一般将来时的被动语态:will be + 过去分词或 be going to be + 过去分词。例如:The meeting will be held next week.(会议将在下周被举行。) 现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are being + 过去分词。例如:The car is being repaired.(汽车正在被修理。) 过去进行时的被动语态:was/were being + 过去分词。例如:The book was being read by her at that time.(那时她正在读这本书。) 现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been + 过去分词。例如:The work has been finished.(工作已经被完成了。) 过去完成时的被动语态:had been + 过去分词。例如:The letter had been sent before I arrived.(信在我到达之前就已经被寄出了。) 3. 基本用法: 强调动作的承受者,不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。例如:My bike was stolen last night.(我的自行车昨晚被偷了。) 动作的执行者是 “人们”、“大家” 等泛指概念。例如:This kind of wine is made in France.(这种酒是在法国酿造的。) (三)主谓一致 1. 语法一致原则 基本规则:主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。 具体情况: 以单数名词或代词、不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:The book is on the table.(书在桌子上。)Water is necessary for life.(水对生命是必需的。) 以 and 连接的两个或多个并列主语: 表示不同的人或物时,谓语动词用复数。例如:Tom and Jerry are good friends.(汤姆和杰瑞是好朋友。) 如果表示同一个人或物,或者指一个整体概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:The singer and dancer is very famous.(这位歌唱家兼舞蹈家很有名。) 主语后有 with、along with、together with、as well as 等短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要和前面的主语保持一致。例如:The teacher, along with his students, is visiting the museum.(老师和他的学生们正在参观博物馆。) 2. 意义一致原则 基本规则:根据主语所表达的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式,而不是仅仅看主语的语法形式。 具体情况: 集体名词(如 family、class、team 等): 若看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数;若强调集体中的各个成员,谓语动词用复数。例如:My family is a big one.(我的家庭是一个大家庭。)My family are watching TV together.(我的家人正在一起看电视。) 单复数同形的名词(如 sheep、deer、fish 等):根据其表示的单复数意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。例如:A sheep is eating grass.(一只羊正在吃草。)Some sheep are running on the hill.(一些羊正在山上跑。) 时间、金钱、距离、重量等作主语时,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。例如:Ten kilometers is a long distance.(十公里是一段很长的距离。) 3. 就近原则 基本规则:谓语动词的单复数形式要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。 具体情况: either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also... 连接主语时。例如:Either you or he is wrong.(要么你错了,要么他错了。)Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.(学生们和老师都不知道答案。)Not only Tom but also his parents are coming to the party.(不仅汤姆,他的父母也来参加聚会。) 例题精练,举一反三 1. A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致和被动语态。主语是“A library”,with five thousand books是后置定语,所以谓语动词用单数形式;图书馆是“被提供”,用被动语态,故选A。 2. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致。“The number of + 复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数;“a number of + 复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数。故选C。 3. When and where to build the new factory ______ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致和被动语态。“When and where to build the new factory”是一个整体,作主语时谓语动词用单数;事情是“被决定”,要用被动语态,故选A。 4. Look! A nice picture ______ for our teacher. A. is drawing B. is being drawn C. has been drawn D. draws 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。根据“Look!”可知动作正在进行,“a nice picture”和“draw”是被动关系,所以用现在进行时的被动语态,故选B。 5. - I called you at about ten o'clock this morning. But you didn't answer the phone. Oh, I'm sorry. I ______ with my mother in the supermarket. A. shop B. was shopping C. shopped D. will shop 【答案】B 【详解】考查过去进行时。根据“at about ten o'clock this morning”可知是过去某个时间点正在做某事,用过去进行时,故选B。 6. The news that he told us ______ exciting. We were all excited by it. A. was B. were C. is D. are 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。主语是“The news”,是不可数名词,根据“were”可知时态是一般过去时,故选A。 7. This kind of shoes ______ well. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和主动表被动。“this kind of + 复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;“sell well”是主动形式表示被动意义,故选B。 8. Every possible means ______ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态语态。“means”是单复数同形的词,“every + 单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数;“每一种可能的方法都已经被使用”,用现在完成时的被动语态,故选C。 9. - How long ______ you ______ in this school? For three years. I'll graduate next year. A. have; studied B. did; study C. will; study D. do; study 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在完成时。根据“For three years.”可知用现在完成时,其结构是“have/has + 过去分词”,故选A。 - Do you know when Tom ______ from abroad? 10. Perhaps it will be a long time before he ______. A. will come; will come B. comes; will come C. will come; comes D. comes; comes 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。第一空,询问的是将来的动作,用一般将来时;第二空,“it will be + 一段时间 + before...”是固定句型,从句用一般现在时表将来,故选C。 11. I'm sorry you've missed the train. It ______ ten minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般过去时。根据“ten minutes ago”可知用一般过去时,故选A。 12. - What's that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______. A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested 【答案】C 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。根据“What's that noise?”可知机器正在被测试,用现在进行时的被动语态,故选C。 13. Great changes ______ in my hometown in the past few years. A. have taken place B. took place C. take place D. are taking place 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在完成时。“in the past few years”是现在完成时的标志,故选A。 - ______ the sports meeting might be put off. 14. Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. I've been told B. I've told C. I'm told D. I told 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。“我被告知”要用被动语态,“已经被告知”用现在完成时的被动语态,故选A。 15. The Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1896, ______ every four years so far. A. are held B. were held C. have been held D. had been held 【答案】C 【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。“so far”是现在完成时的标志,“The Olympic Games”和“hold”是被动关系,故选C。 一、单项选择 1.(23-24高一下·广东深圳·期中)Many parents ________ at the back of the classroom, ________ to the teacher attentively. A.were seated, listening B.were seating, were listening C.seated, listening D.seated, listened 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词语态及非谓语动词。句意:许多家长坐在教室的后面,专心地听老师讲课。分析可知,第一空处是谓语,排除C和D;表“就座的”用be seated,主语parents是复数,因此第一空是were seated;句中谓语是were seated,第二空用非谓语动词,parents和listen之间是主谓关系,因此第二空用现在分词listening,表主动。故选A。 2.(23-24高二·全国·课后作业)By the time he arrived in Beijing, we _______ there for two days. A.will have stayed B.stay C.have been staying D.had stayed 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:他到北京时,我们已经在那儿呆了两天了。根据arrived 可知,句子时态为一般过去时态,空格处的动作发生在“他到达”之前,表示“过去的过去”,为过去完成时,且主语和动词之间为主动关系,需用had done的形式。故选D项。 3.(23-24高二·全国·课后作业)We to finish the work before dark, but the heavy rain held us up. A.meant B.was meaning C.had meant D.would mean 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:我们本打算在天黑前完成工作,但大雨耽搁了我们。根据held可知,句子时态为一般过去时态,空格处的动作发生在“耽搁”之前,表示“过去的过去”,为过去完成时态,需用had done的结构;且动词和主语之间为主动关系,所以为had meant。故选C项。 4.(23-24高一下·天津·期末)Up to now, more than one article on environmental protection ______ in the local newspaper. A.has published B.have published C.has been published D.have been published 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,当地报纸上已经发表了不止一篇关于环境保护的文章。空格处在句中作谓语部分;根据时间状语Up to now可知应使用现在完成时,主语more than one article和动词publish之间是被动关系,此处应使用现在完成时的被动语态,“more than one...”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,因此助动词应使用has,设空处填has been published。故选C项。 5.(22-23高二·全国·课后作业)It was not until 3 days later that the boy came back to life and explained to the police what_______ to him. A.was happening B.was to happen C.had happened D.has happened 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。句意:直到三天后,男孩才苏醒过来,并向警察解释了发生在他身上的事情。根据句意,设空处为宾语从句的谓语动词,happen这个动作在explained之前,应用过去完成时,设空处填had happened,故选C项。 6.(22-23高一下·浙江杭州·期中)I got to love Hangzhou ______ I went there in 2001 and that was the first time that I ______Longjing Tea. A.the first time; had tasted B.for the first time; had tasted C.the first time; have tasted D.for the first time; tasted 【答案】A 【详解】考查时间状语从句和过去完成时。句意:我第一次去杭州是在2001年,那是我第一次品尝龙井茶。the first time 为时间状语从句的从属连词,所以第一个空为the first time。It/This is/was the序数词 time that从句。如果前面是is,后面就使用现在完成时;如果前面是was,后面就是过去完成时。本题前面是was,所以后面使用过去完成时。故选A项。 7.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)Joseph ________ to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Japanese. A.went B.was going C.has been going D.is going 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。句意:彼得从上个月就开始去上夜课,但是他仍然不能用日语说“你叫什么名字?”。根据语境和since判断此处强调动作从过去开始持续到现在,且有可能继续持续,应用现在完成进行时,主语Joseph是第三人称单数,助动词用has。故选C。 8.(23-24高一下·黑龙江鹤岗·期末)Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary _______ as managers of the local stores since they won the national sales competition at the end of October. A.was appointed B.were appointed C.has been appointed D.have been appointed 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意:自从10月底赢得全国销售比赛以来,不仅爱丽丝,简和玛丽也被任命为当地商店的经理。根据“since they won the national sales competition at the end of October”可知,此处为现在完成时,主语和appoint为被动关系,需用被动语态,主语由not only...but also...连接,谓语动词遵循就近原则,和Jane and Mary保持一致,助动词使用have。故选D。 9.(23-24高二下·广东·期末)A recent survey ________ 60% of US respondents believed social media platforms were evolving too fast, ________ 80% urged caution in introducing new features. A.shows, since B.has shown, so C.showed, while D.had shown, as 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和连词。句意:最近的一项调查显示,60%的美国受访者认为社交媒体平台发展太快,而80%的受访者敦促在引入新功能时保持谨慎。A. shows, since显示,自从;B. has shown, so显示,所以;C. showed, while显示,而;D. had shown, as显示,由于。根据句中believed和urged可知,句子描述过去的情况,应用一般过去时,第一空动词使用过去式形式showed,结合语意以及句子结构可知,60% of US respondents believed social media platforms were evolving too fast和80% urged caution in introducing new features之间是对比关系,应用连词while连接。故选C。 10.(2024高三上·全国·专题练习)Not only Jim but also Lucy ________ a few cities since they came to China. A.will visit B.visited C.have visited D.has visited 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:自从他们来到中国后,不仅吉姆,而且露西都参观了几个城市。根据“since they came to China”可知,空处使用现在完成时,排除A项和B项;再根据“就近原则”可知,谓语动词与Lucy保持一致,助动词用has。故选D。 二、语法填空 11.(23-24高一下·全国·随堂练习)An observation tower for bird-watching (build) near the wetland reserve. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being built 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:在湿地保护区附近正在建造一座观鸟塔。此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作,使用现在进行时,主语An observation tower for bird-watching,和build为被动关系,需用被动语态,主语为单数名词,be动词用is。故填is being built。 12.(23-24高一下·全国·随堂练习)The damaged section of the nature reserve fence (repair) to prevent wildlife encroachment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being repaired 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:为防止野生动物入侵,自然保护区受损的围栏部分正在修复中。此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作,使用现在进行时,主语The damaged section of the nature reserve fence,和repaire为被动关系,需用被动语态,主语为单数名词,be动词用is。故填is being repaired。 13.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)Not only the paintings but also the sculpture (be) on display. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was/is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:不仅展出了绘画,还展出了雕塑。主语为Not only...but also...连接的短语,谓语应和后面的主语the sculpture保持一致,用单数形式。这里既可表示过去发生的事情,也可表示现在的情况,所以可用一般现在时或一般过去时。故填was/is。 14.(2024高一下·全国·专题练习)We (seek) long and hard but found no answer in the past. (所给词适当形式填空) 【答案】sought 【详解】考查时态。句意:我们寻找了很长时间,但在过去没有找到答案。由found可知,句子时态是一般过去时,空格处用过去式sought,故填sought。 15.(2024高一下·全国·专题练习)She (admit) having stolen that car last night. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】admitted 【详解】考查时态。句意:她承认昨晚偷了那辆车。根据时间状语“last night”可知,此处是一般过去时。故填admitted。 16.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)Twenty kilometres north of the city (stand) an ancient tower. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】stands 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:在城市北面二十公里处有一座古塔。句子是全部倒装句,句子的主语是“an ancient tower”,属于单数名词,且描述的是一个现在的事实,所以应用一般现在时,动词对应的形式为stands。故填stands。 17.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)She was left an orphan and a poor peasant woman (adopt) her. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】adopted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:她成了孤儿,一个贫穷的农妇收养了她。根据句意和并列连接的was可知,此处描述过去的发生的动作,adopt是谓语动词,用一般过去时,故填adopted。 18.(2024高一下·全国·专题练习)“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity (represent) in their brains,” Dr. Livingstone says. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is represented 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:“这表明,在他们的大脑中,数量有一定的表达方式,”利文斯通博士说。way后面的定语从句中缺少谓语动词,且主语quantity与谓语represent之间为被动关系,讲述现在的事实,故使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is represented。 19.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)In order to cut down the emission of carbon dioxide, the citizens are (persuade) to cycle to work. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】persuaded 【详解】考查被动语态。句意:为了减少二氧化碳的排放,市民们被说服骑自行车上班。“说服”persuade,此处指的是“被说服骑自行车上班”;空格前已经有be动词,所以需要填入动词的过去分词,与are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填persuaded。 20.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)Not only the sculpture , but also the artist’s technique was praised.(admire) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 was admired 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:不仅雕塑受到赞赏,艺术家的技巧也受到赞扬。本句是Not only...but also...结构,Not only位于句首时应部分倒装。the sculpture和admire之间是动宾关系,再结合was praised可知,这里应用一般过去时的被动语态,因此应将was提到主语the sculpture之前,admired放在the sculpture之后。故填was;admired。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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