Unit2 Out of this World Welcome-Reading 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第三册

年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修三 U2-1 Welcome - Reading 【同步知识梳理】 1. astronaut n 宇航员 astro- （构成名词、形容词和副词） 星（的）；天体（的）；外层空间（的）；宇宙空间（的） astronomer 天文学家 astronomy 天文学 2. gravity n 重力；地球引力 Newton’s law of gravity 严重性=seriousness/severity 严肃；庄严 behave with gravity →grave adj. 重大的，严重的；严肃的；庄严的 n. 坟墓；墓穴；死亡；抑音符 3. absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席 in the absence of… 在缺乏…的情况下 in/during one’s absence在某人不在的时候 absence from work 缺勤 (OPP: presence at...) In the absence of a lawyer, he was advised to keep silent. The decision was made in my absence. →absent a. be absent from…缺席，不在 absent-minded a.心不在焉的 Love was totally absent from his childhood. 4. float v. 漂浮 float about / around　（思想等）传播，流传 5. cupboard n. 壁柜；橱柜；衣柜 a skeleton in the cupboard 令人难堪的秘密 AmE closet 6. ceiling n. 天花板;上限 price ceilings 最高限价 The rooms were spacious, with tall windows and high ceilings. 房间很宽敞，且窗户和屋顶都很高。 The company passed an agreement to put a ceiling on salaries. 公司通过一项规定工资上限的协议。 7. bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；打扰；花费时间精力（做某事） vi.花费时间精力（做某事） bother sb with/about sth It really bothered me that he'd forgotten my birthday. bother to do sth//bother doing sth 花时间做某事 Sb cannot be bothered to do sth 某人嫌麻烦偷懒不做某事 The grass needs cutting but I can't be bothered to do it today. 草得剪一剪了, 但我今天却懒得去做. bother n. 麻烦，困难 bothersome adj. 令人烦恼的 8. occupy 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 occupy sb/oneself in doing sth/ with sth使某人忙于做某事 be occupied with sth/in doing sth →occupied a.使用中的(vacant)；忙于某事的；被侵占的 →occupation n. 职业，工作；占领，占据；占用，使用 The most important thing is to keep yourself occupied. The area is under occupation. 9. mission n. 任务 mission accomplished 任务已完成；大功告成 10. evaluate v. 评估=assess evaluation n. = assessment 11. creature n. 动物；人 12. mosquito n. 蚊子 （pl. -oes or -os）蚊子 mosquito net noun 蚊帐 13. microscope n. 显微镜 (micro- 微，小 macro- 大，宏观) 14. cast new light on 使进一步了解 (cast-cast-cast) cast/shed/threw light on... 使...更清楚些 (shed-shed-shed; shed-shedding) bring sth to light 揭露；披露；暴露；揭发 come to light 为人所知；变得众所周知；暴露 in (the) light of sth 考虑到；鉴于 15. maintenance n. 维护 maintain v. 维护 the maintenance of international peace　维护世界和平 car maintenance 汽车保养 maintain law and order / standards / a balance 维持治安 / 保持水平 / 平衡 16. circumstance n.条件，状况；(circumstances) 境况，（尤指）经济情况 in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 in/under no circumstances决不，无论如何都不（置于句首时句子要部分倒装） Under no circumstances should we give up hope. 我们无论如何都不能放弃希望。 17. exposure n.面临，遭受；揭露；被报道 After only a short exposure to sunlight he began to turn red.他只在阳光下晒了一会儿，皮肤就开始变红了。 The company feared exposure of its faults. Her new film has had a lot of exposure in the media. →expose v.暴露，露出；揭露；使接触 →exposed a.无遮蔽的；易受攻击的 expose sb/sth/yourself (to sth) 使...面临...,使...遭受... expose sb to sth使某人接触某事 be exposed to 使暴露在...，使接触... We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible. Being exposed to strong sunlight is harmful to your skin. 18. radiation n. 辐射 radiate v. 辐射 19. visible adj. 看得见的 invisible adj.看不见的 vision n. 视力；远见 be highly/clearly visible to sb 对某人来说清晰可见 20. in view of 鉴于，考虑到....=given/ considering in one's view 在某人看来 on view 在展出；陈列着；展览着 with a view to sth / to doing sth 为了；指望 a bird’s-eye view (of sth) 鸟瞰；俯视 21. luxury n. 奢侈品 in the lap of luxury 生活优裕；养尊处优 luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊəriəs/ adj.奢侈的 luxuriously adv. 22. tube n. 管子 (straw n. 吸管) a tube station / train 地铁车站 / 列车 23. furthermore adv. 此外 moreover/besides/ in addition/additionally 24. pill n. 药片 take pills 吃药 25. vital adj. 必不可少的；对……极重要的 be vital to sb It is vital that... (that 从句谓语用should do 形式) vitality n. [U] 生命力；活力；热情 26. discipline v. 严格要求自己；惩罚 n. 训练；行为准则；自制力；学科 self-discipline 自律 disciplined adj. a disciplined team　纪律严明的团队 27. leisure n. 闲暇 leisure activities / interests 业余活动 / 爱好 at leisure ①闲散；悠闲 ②不慌不忙；从容 at your leisure　有空时；空闲时 leisurely adv. 从容地/ adj. 悠闲的 28. crew n. 全体工作人员 29. permanent adj. 永久的 permanence n 永久 OPP: temporary adj. 短暂的 30. altogether adv. 完全，总共 31. kit n. 成套设备 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. Sorry to b________ you, but could I speak to you for a moment? 2. I don't want to go for the party, f________, I have no time to do so. 3. The rain had stopped and a star or two was v________ over the mountains. 4. D________ is a necessary, but certainly not a sufficient condition for learning to take place. 5. The police said the monitor may hold some v________ clues to the identity of the killer. 6. In ________ (评估) historical personages, we should not lose sight of specific historical conditions. 7. Before the invention of television, people spent their ________ (闲暇) time in more active and social pursuits. 8. Between 1914 and 1920 large parts of Albania were ________ (占领) by the Italians. 9. The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program, which offers free launches for educational groups and science ________ (任务), is now open to U.S. nonprofit corporations as well. 10. In every moment and every ________ (情况), you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention. 二、短语填空(用所给短语的适当形式填空，有两项多余) be attached to; cast new light on; in view of; discipline oneself; go by; come to an end; in the circumstances; differ from; at a time; be of vital importance; be delivered to; be glued to 1. While I was waiting at the bus stop, three buses ______________ in the opposite direction. 2. Agriculture ______________ to the nation's economy and the people's livelihood. 3. The postman was mixed up, with the package ______________ the wrong house. 4. Nowadays people of all ages walk along the street with eyes and hands ______________ the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. 5. The debate will be limited in two main respects ______________ the time available. 6. Human beings ______________ animals in that the former is capable of using language. 7. The report presented technical and systemic details that could ______________ how the accident happened. 8. In large cities, some kindergartens ____________ universities that have elementary and secondary schools. 9. That father can't ______________, let alone set a good example for his children to follow. 10. ______________, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. 三、单句填空 A)词汇知识运用 1. Everyone understood how hard it was to get back into the swing of things after such a long ________ (absent)． 2. His firm took over the planting and general ________ (maintain) of the park last year. 3. She was ________ (visible) upset to hear of some of the things that told how the children had suffered. 4. ________ (expose) of unprotected skin to the sun carries the risk of developing skin cancer. 5. Following the comments, students rewrite their papers and submit them for final ________ (evaluate)． B)语法知识运用 6. See the flags on top of the building? That's ________ we did this morning. 7. ________ the absence of actual data, no reliance can be placed on such figures. 8. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ________ (lay) for a meal to be cooked. 9. Quiet student ________ he may be, he talks a lot about his favourite singers after class. 10. Lots of people don't bother ________ (go) through a marriage ceremony these days. 四、完成句子 1. ____________________________ (忙于办公室的日常工作), Betty didn't have the time to spend a day with her kids. (occupy) 2. ____________________________ (尽管他对工资不满意), he took the job just to get some work experience. (as引导倒装句) 3. Don't ______________________________ (为我的问题操心); I'm doing quite well. (bother) 4. The discovery of the dinosaur skeleton ____________________________________________ (对于它们灭绝的原因有了进一步了解)． 5. ______________________________________ (长时间暴露于潮湿环境) multiplies the bacteria in food rapidly. (exposure) 6. ______________________________________ (在缺乏老师指导的情况下), I don't know how to combine what I've learnt with practice. (absence) 7. I hope what I have written will __________________________ (对其他人有益) who may feel the same way. (be of＋n.) 8. ______________________________________ (他决不参加) such a meaningless discussion. (倒装句) 答案： 一、单词拼写 1. bother　2. furthermore　3. visible　4. Discipline 5. vital　6. evaluating　7. leisure　8. occupied 9. missions　10. circumstance 二、短语填空 1. went by　2. is of vital importance　3. delivered to 4. glued to　5. in view of　6. differ from　7. cast new light on　8. are attached to　9. discipline himself　10. In the circumstances 三、单句填空 1. absence　2. maintenance　3. visibly　4. Exposure 5. evaluation　6. what　7. In　8. laid　9. as/though 10. to go/going 四、完成句子 1. Occupying herself/Occupied with routine office tasks 2. Unsatisfied as he was with the payment 3. bother yourself about/with my problems　4. has cast new light on why they became extinct　5. Long­time exposure to the damp environment　6. In the absence of teachers' instruction　7. be of benefit to someone else　8. Under no circumstances will he attend 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Building team spirit is always the key point of what I try to do as a manager. When I first went to Crystal Palace, players would finish training and then go straight home. ____1____ So we brought in a pool table and fruit machines. When players choose to spend time together, it creates a better atmosphere. The team spirit is very important, but I don’t believe in motivating the team as a team. I don’t give team talks. ____2____ I speak to the players individually and try not to put too much pressure on anyone. I believe players perform best when they are relaxed. If they’re too tense, I can guarantee they won’t play well. I also believe in giving people autonomy. I like all the people who work for me to be autonomous. I very rarely interfere. ____3____ If they prove unable, then I’m unable if I continue employing them. It’s like that with the team. I get criticized for not interfering during a game and for not making more replacements. But I feel if I’ve chosen those 11 players to get a result, then ____4____ If I’m dropping a player from the team, I don’t feel I have to explain it to them. If they want to discuss it, I’ll say, “Come back and talk about it in a couple of days’ time.” But I don’t try to remotivate them. It’s up to them to have the character to fight their way back to the team. ___5____ If I have a player who’s excellently gifted but has a terrible attitude, I won’t waste my time on them. A. People have no place to rest. B. The atmosphere there was so poor. C. I try to motivate the team as individuals in reality. D. I should leave them alone indeed to get on with it. E. I believe what you achieve in life’s due to your attitude. F. I promise would devote everything I had to training them. G. I really believe people should be judged on their results. 二、完形填空 The continuous presentation of frightening stories about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it ____1____ our kids. Al Gore famously ____2____ how a sea-level rise of 20 feet would almost completely flood Florida, New York, Holland, and Shanghai, even though the United Nations says that such a thing will not even happen, ____3____ that sea levels will rise 20 times less than that. When ____4____ with these exaggerations, some of us say that they are for a good cause, and surely there is no harm done if the result is that we focus even more on handling climate change. This ____5____ is astonishingly wrong. Such exaggerations do plenty of harm. Worrying excessively about global warming means that we worry less about other things, where we could do so much more good. We focus, ____6____, on global warming’s impact on malaria (疟疾)----which will put slightly more people at ____7____in 100 years - instead of dealing with the half a billion people ____8____ from malaria today with prevention and treatment policies that are much cheaper and dramatically more effective than carbon reduction would be. Exaggeration also wears out the public's ____9____ to cope with global warming. If the planet is certain to be destroyed owing to global warming, people wonder, why do anything? A record 54% of American voters now believe the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is. A ____10____ of people now believe – incorrectly – that global warming is not even caused by humans. But the ____11____ cost of exaggeration, I believe, is the unnecessary alarm that it causes – particularly among children. An article in The Washington Post cited nine-year-old Alyssa, who cries about the possibility of mass animal ____12____ from global warming. The newspaper also reported that parents are ____13____ effective outlets for their eight-year-olds’ concern with dying polar bears. They might be better off educating them and letting them know that, ____14____ to common belief, the global polar bear population has doubled over the past half century, to about 22,000. ____15____ the possible disappearing of summer Arctic ice, polar bears will not become extinct. 1. A. exhausts B. terrifies C. depresses D. exploits 2. A.described B. demonstrated C. deposited D. dismissed 3. A. measuring B. justifying C. advocating D.estimating 4. A.entitled B. identified C. equipped D. faced 5. A. announcement B. interaction C.argument D. dialogue 6. A. in addition B.for example C. by contrast D. in short 7. A. peace B. leisure C. risk D.ease 8. A. evolving B. suffering C. developing D. prohibiting 9. A.willingness B. endurance C. ability D. preference 10. A.majority B. mixture C. quantity D. crowd 11. A. smallest B. fewest C. worst D. least 12. A. separation B.extinction C. isolation D. reservation 13. A. turning out B. taking over C. pulling through D. searching for 14. A. sensitive B. related C. contrary D. accustomed 15. A. Except B. Besides C. Without D. Despite 三、语法填空 While being (1)______________(knowledge) about body language is vital, the value of empathy should not (2)______________(understate). Seek to understand the other person’s emotions, by putting yourself (3)______________ their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective. Suppose you are discussing a project with your partner, (4)______________ has just lost an important basketball game and is inactive. To engage him or her in the discussion and make your communication (5)______________(effective), you may express your sympathy by, for instance, (6)______________(say), “I understand how you feel ...” However, some issues may be complicated and you may be confused about (7)______________ others feel the way they do. Only (8)______________ you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them. You may not approve of their ideas (9)______________at least you will see where they are coming from, which means you can make (10)______________(adjustment) to your own tone and choice of words accordingly. 答案：七选五 36-40 BCGDE 完形填空 41-55 BADDC BCBAA CBDCD 语法填空 knowledgeable 57. be understated 58. in 59. who 60. more effective 61. saying 62. why 63.when 64. but 65. adjustments 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians Are Real Danger We are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers. ■ Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worst offenders. People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision. The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others. — Michael Horan ■ I loved the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads. I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me. The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used. The police do nothing. What a laugh they are! The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的) jackets and lights at night and in the morning. They should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them. — Carol Harvey ■ Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red. I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him. Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists? It’s about time they were registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim compensation. — JML Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper. 1. Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that ________. A. drivers should be polite to cyclists B. road accidents can actually be avoided C. some pedestrians are a threat to road safety D. walking while using phones hurts one’s eyes 2. What is a complaint of JML? A. Cyclists ride fast on pavements. B. Very few drivers are insured. C. Pedestrians go through red traffic lights. D. Horse riders disrespect other road users. 3. The three letters present viewpoints on ________. A. ways to improve road facilities B. the real source of road danger C. measures to punish road offences D. increased awareness of road rules B Gabby Goodwin and her mother, Rozalynn, had a problem: Even after careful styling, barrettes (发夹) kept slipping out of the 5-year-old’s hair. Gabby hated losing bows, and her mom was tired of buying replacements. As Rozalynn shared her frustration with other parents on social media, someone suggested that the Goodwins try creating their own barrettes. “I was super excited,” said Gabby, now l4. “I was nagging (唠叨) my mom every single day about these barrettes.” Gabby’s persistence persuaded her mother, and they began to deal with the problem. First they examined Gabby’s hair bows to see why they were falling out. Then they came up with a design for a double-face, double-snap barrette that attaches securely to hair. When the Goodwins first showed their design to business investors, it was rejected. The product wasn’t the right fit or the business plan wasn’t good, companies told them. The setbacks made Gabby more determined. Gabby and her mother didn’t give up, and in 2014 they began selling the bows online. The barrettes were so popular that the Goodwins received a patent. Today Gabby is chief of Confidence by GaBBY Goodwin, and the barrettes-called GaBBY Bows-are available online and in 74 Target stores across the country. In 2018 Black Enterprise selected Gabbyas its Teenpreneur of the year. The following year, Gabby and Rozalynn set up a virtual academy to help girls learn business skills. If you watch Gabby deliver a speech on a Facebook video, it’s hard to imagine the South Carolina eighth-grader as anything other than confident. But learning to be the public face of her company was “really hard at first,” she said. Over the years, with a lot of practice speaking to audiences, Gabby grew more comfortable in her role. She offers this advice to kids: “Keep doing what you’re passionate about, then you’ll be able to grow in confidence.” 4. What did the Goodwins do after listening to someone’s suggestion? A. They asked for help online. B. They bought replacements. C. They looked for stylish barrettes. D. They designed a new barrette. 5. How did Gabby react to some companies’ rejection? A. She redesigned her barrettes. B. She gave up working on barrettes. C. She sold her products online. D. She told her business plan to a virtual academy. 6. How is Gabby’s business going? A. It is expanding fast. B. It has suffered a downturn. C. It has failed to get a patent. D. It hardly makes ends meet. 7. What does Gabby’s advice to kids show? A. Every dog has its day. B. Never be ashamed to fail. C. Interest and hard work lead to success. D. Confidence is important in public speaking. C Unlike any other art form, movies require hundreds of people and piles of money. With such financial risks, studios want to attract as many people as possible and make a big profit. I often complain that chasing profits ruins movies. Imagine if Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) had to satisfy investors for The Last Supper. In May, Paramount released its trailer (预告片) for a live-action Sonic the Hedgehog movie. Everyone was excited, including me. I love this character, in part because he’s ridiculous. Hedgehogs (刺猬) aren’t fast, nor are they blue. Had the game’s designers ever actually seen a hedgehog? Who cares? Sonic has always looked cool. Nobody would play a video game featuring a realistic hedgehog character. When I saw the movie trailer, though, I worried. Sonic’s eyes were too far apart and his big teeth looked like they would eat my fingers. His body looked like a child wearing pajamas(睡衣). Sonic didn’t look cool. He looked like the half-human result of a failed genetic experiment. You know the internet. People there will fight you for saying the sky is blue. This time, however, the internet stood together: Sonic looked TERRIBLE. People joked about it all over social media. Paramount couldn’t ignore this online outrage and quickly announced a redesign, at great cost to the company. At first, I thought it was awesome. Back when I was a kid, there was no social media. We would have been stuck with creepy, crappy (怪异且蹩脚的) Sonic and his terrifying teeth. After the redesign, Sonic looks cooler than ever. I’m glad the studio broke its budget to get Sonic right. But I’m a little worried, too. What if this starts a trend? What if directors keep going to Sina Weibo or Twitter to make people happy? One thing I’ve learned in life is that if you try to make everybody happy, nobody will be happy. If an art form only exists to make money by giving audiences what they expect, can we really call it “art” anymore? Some of my favorite movies are ones that nobody liked at first. Usually, what makes them good is the same thing that made them unpopular. Studios might end up with lots of money but we would end up with a lot of bad movies. 8. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To describe his love for the character the hedgehog, Sonic. B. To promote the movie Sonic the Hedgehog for its redesign. C.To express his concern over studios’ attempts to please audiences. D. To complain about how awesome Sonic looked in the film trailer. 9. Why did the author get worried when he saw the earlier movie trailer? A.The plot of the movie was dull. B. Sonic looked like a realistic hedgehog. C. They chose the wrong actor to play Sonic. D. Sonic looked awful in the trailer. 10. What does the underlined word “outrage” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Humor. B. Surprise. C. Anger. D. Thrill. 11. Which of the following would the author probably agree with? A. A good movie could gain little popularity at first. B. Great movies are ones that reflect the audience’s tastes. C. The best movies will end up with great profits. D. Great works of art are always disfavored at the beginning. D When answering a question, your silence might say more than your words. A new psychology study has found pausing before replying, even for just a few seconds, can make you seem more insincere or dishonest. That perception (感知) of dishonesty might not be too inaccurate, either. Numerous studies suggest people are slower to respond when they are not being truthful, possibly because it takes more mental work to block a truthful response or fabricate (编造) an alternative. What’s been less clear is how well our lies have been fooling people. Some studies suggest delayed answers come across as insincere to the listener. Others find no relationship between the two, and still more have found the opposite: A bit of hesitation increases our perception of sincerity. These findings are inconsistent and confusing. They are also mostly based on correlations. Even the few studies that have actually looked at causal relationships often didn’t consider confusing factors that could also give away a liar or an insincere speaker. The new research seeks to improve some of those limitations by examining thousands of people under a variety of conditions. Together, it involves more than 7, 500 individuals in a total of 14 experiments. On the whole, the authors found an immediate response was perceived as more sincere, while a delayed response, even a delay as brief as two seconds, was seen as more insincere. “Evaluating other people’s sincerity is an important part of social interactions.” says consumer behaviour researcher Ignazio Ziano. “It would be unfair for the responder, such as a crime suspect, if the response delay was misattributed to (错误地归因于) thought suppression (抑制) or answer fabrication when it was in fact caused by a different factor, such as simply being distracted or thoughtful.” explains Ziano. 12. What can we infer from the first paragraph? A. The impression of dishonesty isn’t always accurate. B. Quicker replies to questions make you seem reliable. C. The perception of dishonesty depends on your silence. D. Preparing a truthful response needs more mental work. 13. According to paragraph 3, how do researchers carry out their research? A. By examining thousands of people in various situations. B. By analyzing the circumstances of the responses involved. C. By collecting data from the database from a new research. D. By studying the findings of several previous research projects. 14. Why does Ziano say it is unfair for the responder in the last paragraph? A. Listeners should ignore the pauses. B. The responder may be judged wrongly. C. A real criminal could escape quietly. D. The response delay affects people’s preference. 15. Where is this text most likely from? A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A magazine. D. A brochure. 二、写作 第一节 应用文写作 假定你是Su Hua，某中学生英文报正举办以“英语中的外来语”为主题的征文活动。请用英文写一篇短文投稿，稿件内容须包括: 1. 举例说明英语中有哪些外来语； 2. 引入外来语对语言文化发展的重要性； 3. 你对引入外来语有何建议（不少于两点）。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 As the daughter of a truck driver and a secretary, I grew up knowing my mother far better than my father. As a young child I was “Daddy’s little girl,” but then I hit those teen years and my relationship with my father no longer existed. Now we were strangers. He didn’t know how to handle a teenage girl with crazy hormones and a big mouth. I was confused. I was a rebellious teenager. When my mother attempted to guide me, of course I fought every inch of the way. But she never let go, and finally I got rid of those raging hormones and improper behaviors. It was during this time that I learned an important lesson from my father. One evening on his way home he saw a woman opening her trunk to take out a spare tire. He stopped, introduced himself and began to take over the task of changing the blown-out tire. When Dad finished changing the tire and returning all of the equipment to the trunk of her car, she offered him a $20 bill for his help. He smiled at her and said, “No need. I have a wife and a daughter who just started driving, and my only hope is that if ever one of them breaks down on the side of the road, someone honest and friendly will stop and do for them what I just did for you.” He said good-bye and left. This was a side of my father I didn’t see often. Instead, throughout my life, my father taught me the rules of the road and life through loud funny stories. I was 24 years old before I realized how much I had really learned from him. In 1992, as a volunteer I headed to western Kansas to join the “Walk Across America for Mother Earth.” We were almost halfway there when the left back tire blew out. Quite upset, I maintained control of the car and pulled off of I-70 onto the shoulder of the road. As I went into the trunk for the spare tire and the jack, an 18-wheeler went flying past us at top speed. I was positioning the jack when I heard the loud, harsh sound of air brakes across the road. Paragraph1: I looked up to see a trucker running to our aid. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph2: I told the driver about my father and his experience in New Jersey. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案： 阅读理解：1-15 CAB DCAC CDCA BABC 应用文： Word borrowing comes about when two cultures with different languages interact. For instance，English words that are borrowed into the Chinese language include “bacon” “tank” and so on. Borrowing words allows the language to continue to cultivate, enabling the community to have a more efficient language which makes it possible for them to share their experiences with new-found ease. Nevertheless, when confronted with so many languages, we ought to have the good stuff without the bad. Simultaneously, focusing on our own language is a vital way. 读后续写： Paragraph1:I looked up to see a trucker running to our aid. He explained that the driver of the previous 18-wheeler radioed ahead informing him our trouble. Then he took the jack from my hands. Within 20 minutes, the tire was changed and the jack was placed back in the trunk. As we said our good-byes, I reached into my pocket and offered him a $20 bill for his help. He just smiled and amazingly my father’s words popped out of his mouth. What an unexpected coincidence! I just couldn’t resist the desire to tell him about it. Paragraph2: I told the driver about my father and his experience in New Jersey. He smiled and said, “Your daddy’s a good man . . . he knows the code of the road.”At that, a big wave of pride and joy and warmth surged through my body. It was my father’s good intention that helped me. Deep in my heart, I wanted to show my gratitude for his unconditional love for me. And special thanks to all of the drivers who know and understand the code of the road . . . especially the two gentlemen who helped me! 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修三 U2-1 Welcome - Reading 【同步知识梳理】 1. astronaut n 宇航员 astro- （构成名词、形容词和副词） 星（的）；天体（的）；外层空间（的）；宇宙空间（的） astronomer 天文学家 astronomy 天文学 2. gravity n 重力；地球引力 Newton’s law of gravity 严重性=seriousness/severity 严肃；庄严 behave with gravity →grave adj. 重大的，严重的；严肃的；庄严的 n. 坟墓；墓穴；死亡；抑音符 3. absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席 in the absence of… 在缺乏…的情况下 in/during one’s absence在某人不在的时候 absence from work 缺勤 (OPP: presence at...) In the absence of a lawyer, he was advised to keep silent. The decision was made in my absence. →absent a. be absent from…缺席，不在 absent-minded a.心不在焉的 Love was totally absent from his childhood. 4. float v. 漂浮 float about / around　（思想等）传播，流传 5. cupboard n. 壁柜；橱柜；衣柜 a skeleton in the cupboard 令人难堪的秘密 AmE closet 6. ceiling n. 天花板;上限 price ceilings 最高限价 The rooms were spacious, with tall windows and high ceilings. 房间很宽敞，且窗户和屋顶都很高。 The company passed an agreement to put a ceiling on salaries. 公司通过一项规定工资上限的协议。 7. bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；打扰；花费时间精力（做某事） vi.花费时间精力（做某事） bother sb with/about sth It really bothered me that he'd forgotten my birthday. bother to do sth//bother doing sth 花时间做某事 Sb cannot be bothered to do sth 某人嫌麻烦偷懒不做某事 The grass needs cutting but I can't be bothered to do it today. 草得剪一剪了, 但我今天却懒得去做. bother n. 麻烦，困难 bothersome adj. 令人烦恼的 8. occupy 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 occupy sb/oneself in doing sth/ with sth使某人忙于做某事 be occupied with sth/in doing sth →occupied a.使用中的(vacant)；忙于某事的；被侵占的 →occupation n. 职业，工作；占领，占据；占用，使用 The most important thing is to keep yourself occupied. The area is under occupation. 9. mission n. 任务 mission accomplished 任务已完成；大功告成 10. evaluate v. 评估=assess evaluation n. = assessment 11. creature n. 动物；人 12. mosquito n. 蚊子 （pl. -oes or -os）蚊子 mosquito net noun 蚊帐 13. microscope n. 显微镜 (micro- 微，小 macro- 大，宏观) 14. cast new light on 使进一步了解 (cast-cast-cast) cast/shed/threw light on... 使...更清楚些 (shed-shed-shed; shed-shedding) bring sth to light 揭露；披露；暴露；揭发 come to light 为人所知；变得众所周知；暴露 in (the) light of sth 考虑到；鉴于 15. maintenance n. 维护 maintain v. 维护 the maintenance of international peace　维护世界和平 car maintenance 汽车保养 maintain law and order / standards / a balance 维持治安 / 保持水平 / 平衡 16. circumstance n.条件，状况；(circumstances) 境况，（尤指）经济情况 in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 in/under no circumstances决不，无论如何都不（置于句首时句子要部分倒装） Under no circumstances should we give up hope. 我们无论如何都不能放弃希望。 17. exposure n.面临，遭受；揭露；被报道 After only a short exposure to sunlight he began to turn red.他只在阳光下晒了一会儿，皮肤就开始变红了。 The company feared exposure of its faults. Her new film has had a lot of exposure in the media. →expose v.暴露，露出；揭露；使接触 →exposed a.无遮蔽的；易受攻击的 expose sb/sth/yourself (to sth) 使...面临...,使...遭受... expose sb to sth使某人接触某事 be exposed to 使暴露在...，使接触... We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible. Being exposed to strong sunlight is harmful to your skin. 18. radiation n. 辐射 radiate v. 辐射 19. visible adj. 看得见的 invisible adj.看不见的 vision n. 视力；远见 be highly/clearly visible to sb 对某人来说清晰可见 20. in view of 鉴于，考虑到....=given/ considering in one's view 在某人看来 on view 在展出；陈列着；展览着 with a view to sth / to doing sth 为了；指望 a bird’s-eye view (of sth) 鸟瞰；俯视 21. luxury n. 奢侈品 in the lap of luxury 生活优裕；养尊处优 luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊəriəs/ adj.奢侈的 luxuriously adv. 22. tube n. 管子 (straw n. 吸管) a tube station / train 地铁车站 / 列车 23. furthermore adv. 此外 moreover/besides/ in addition/additionally 24. pill n. 药片 take pills 吃药 25. vital adj. 必不可少的；对……极重要的 be vital to sb It is vital that... (that 从句谓语用should do 形式) vitality n. [U] 生命力；活力；热情 26. discipline v. 严格要求自己；惩罚 n. 训练；行为准则；自制力；学科 self-discipline 自律 disciplined adj. a disciplined team　纪律严明的团队 27. leisure n. 闲暇 leisure activities / interests 业余活动 / 爱好 at leisure ①闲散；悠闲 ②不慌不忙；从容 at your leisure　有空时；空闲时 leisurely adv. 从容地/ adj. 悠闲的 28. crew n. 全体工作人员 29. permanent adj. 永久的 permanence n 永久 OPP: temporary adj. 短暂的 30. altogether adv. 完全，总共 31. kit n. 成套设备 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. Sorry to b________ you, but could I speak to you for a moment? 2. I don't want to go for the party, f________, I have no time to do so. 3. The rain had stopped and a star or two was v________ over the mountains. 4. D________ is a necessary, but certainly not a sufficient condition for learning to take place. 5. The police said the monitor may hold some v________ clues to the identity of the killer. 6. In ________ (评估) historical personages, we should not lose sight of specific historical conditions. 7. Before the invention of television, people spent their ________ (闲暇) time in more active and social pursuits. 8. Between 1914 and 1920 large parts of Albania were ________ (占领) by the Italians. 9. The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program, which offers free launches for educational groups and science ________ (任务), is now open to U.S. nonprofit corporations as well. 10. In every moment and every ________ (情况), you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention. 二、短语填空(用所给短语的适当形式填空，有两项多余) be attached to; cast new light on; in view of; discipline oneself; go by; come to an end; in the circumstances; differ from; at a time; be of vital importance; be delivered to; be glued to 1. While I was waiting at the bus stop, three buses ______________ in the opposite direction. 2. Agriculture ______________ to the nation's economy and the people's livelihood. 3. The postman was mixed up, with the package ______________ the wrong house. 4. Nowadays people of all ages walk along the street with eyes and hands ______________ the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. 5. The debate will be limited in two main respects ______________ the time available. 6. Human beings ______________ animals in that the former is capable of using language. 7. The report presented technical and systemic details that could ______________ how the accident happened. 8. In large cities, some kindergartens ____________ universities that have elementary and secondary schools. 9. That father can't ______________, let alone set a good example for his children to follow. 10. ______________, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. 三、单句填空 A)词汇知识运用 1. Everyone understood how hard it was to get back into the swing of things after such a long ________ (absent)． 2. His firm took over the planting and general ________ (maintain) of the park last year. 3. She was ________ (visible) upset to hear of some of the things that told how the children had suffered. 4. ________ (expose) of unprotected skin to the sun carries the risk of developing skin cancer. 5. Following the comments, students rewrite their papers and submit them for final ________ (evaluate)． B)语法知识运用 6. See the flags on top of the building? That's ________ we did this morning. 7. ________ the absence of actual data, no reliance can be placed on such figures. 8. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ________ (lay) for a meal to be cooked. 9. Quiet student ________ he may be, he talks a lot about his favourite singers after class. 10. Lots of people don't bother ________ (go) through a marriage ceremony these days. 四、完成句子 1. ____________________________ (忙于办公室的日常工作), Betty didn't have the time to spend a day with her kids. (occupy) 2. ____________________________ (尽管他对工资不满意), he took the job just to get some work experience. (as引导倒装句) 3. Don't ______________________________ (为我的问题操心); I'm doing quite well. (bother) 4. The discovery of the dinosaur skeleton ____________________________________________ (对于它们灭绝的原因有了进一步了解)． 5. ______________________________________ (长时间暴露于潮湿环境) multiplies the bacteria in food rapidly. (exposure) 6. ______________________________________ (在缺乏老师指导的情况下), I don't know how to combine what I've learnt with practice. (absence) 7. I hope what I have written will __________________________ (对其他人有益) who may feel the same way. (be of＋n.) 8. ______________________________________ (他决不参加) such a meaningless discussion. (倒装句) 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Building team spirit is always the key point of what I try to do as a manager. When I first went to Crystal Palace, players would finish training and then go straight home. ____1____ So we brought in a pool table and fruit machines. When players choose to spend time together, it creates a better atmosphere. The team spirit is very important, but I don’t believe in motivating the team as a team. I don’t give team talks. ____2____ I speak to the players individually and try not to put too much pressure on anyone. I believe players perform best when they are relaxed. If they’re too tense, I can guarantee they won’t play well. I also believe in giving people autonomy. I like all the people who work for me to be autonomous. I very rarely interfere. ____3____ If they prove unable, then I’m unable if I continue employing them. It’s like that with the team. I get criticized for not interfering during a game and for not making more replacements. But I feel if I’ve chosen those 11 players to get a result, then ____4____ If I’m dropping a player from the team, I don’t feel I have to explain it to them. If they want to discuss it, I’ll say, “Come back and talk about it in a couple of days’ time.” But I don’t try to remotivate them. It’s up to them to have the character to fight their way back to the team. ___5____ If I have a player who’s excellently gifted but has a terrible attitude, I won’t waste my time on them. A. People have no place to rest. B. The atmosphere there was so poor. C. I try to motivate the team as individuals in reality. D. I should leave them alone indeed to get on with it. E. I believe what you achieve in life’s due to your attitude. F. I promise would devote everything I had to training them. G. I really believe people should be judged on their results. 二、完形填空 The continuous presentation of frightening stories about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it ____1____ our kids. Al Gore famously ____2____ how a sea-level rise of 20 feet would almost completely flood Florida, New York, Holland, and Shanghai, even though the United Nations says that such a thing will not even happen, ____3____ that sea levels will rise 20 times less than that. When ____4____ with these exaggerations, some of us say that they are for a good cause, and surely there is no harm done if the result is that we focus even more on handling climate change. This ____5____ is astonishingly wrong. Such exaggerations do plenty of harm. Worrying excessively about global warming means that we worry less about other things, where we could do so much more good. We focus, ____6____, on global warming’s impact on malaria (疟疾)----which will put slightly more people at ____7____in 100 years - instead of dealing with the half a billion people ____8____ from malaria today with prevention and treatment policies that are much cheaper and dramatically more effective than carbon reduction would be. Exaggeration also wears out the public's ____9____ to cope with global warming. If the planet is certain to be destroyed owing to global warming, people wonder, why do anything? A record 54% of American voters now believe the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is. A ____10____ of people now believe – incorrectly – that global warming is not even caused by humans. But the ____11____ cost of exaggeration, I believe, is the unnecessary alarm that it causes – particularly among children. An article in The Washington Post cited nine-year-old Alyssa, who cries about the possibility of mass animal ____12____ from global warming. The newspaper also reported that parents are ____13____ effective outlets for their eight-year-olds’ concern with dying polar bears. They might be better off educating them and letting them know that, ____14____ to common belief, the global polar bear population has doubled over the past half century, to about 22,000. ____15____ the possible disappearing of summer Arctic ice, polar bears will not become extinct. 1. A. exhausts B. terrifies C. depresses D. exploits 2. A.described B. demonstrated C. deposited D. dismissed 3. A. measuring B. justifying C. advocating D.estimating 4. A.entitled B. identified C. equipped D. faced 5. A. announcement B. interaction C.argument D. dialogue 6. A. in addition B.for example C. by contrast D. in short 7. A. peace B. leisure C. risk D.ease 8. A. evolving B. suffering C. developing D. prohibiting 9. A.willingness B. endurance C. ability D. preference 10. A.majority B. mixture C. quantity D. crowd 11. A. smallest B. fewest C. worst D. least 12. A. separation B.extinction C. isolation D. reservation 13. A. turning out B. taking over C. pulling through D. searching for 14. A. sensitive B. related C. contrary D. accustomed 15. A. Except B. Besides C. Without D. Despite 三、语法填空 While being (1)______________(knowledge) about body language is vital, the value of empathy should not (2)______________(understate). Seek to understand the other person’s emotions, by putting yourself (3)______________ their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective. Suppose you are discussing a project with your partner, (4)______________ has just lost an important basketball game and is inactive. To engage him or her in the discussion and make your communication (5)______________(effective), you may express your sympathy by, for instance, (6)______________(say), “I understand how you feel ...” However, some issues may be complicated and you may be confused about (7)______________ others feel the way they do. Only (8)______________ you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them. You may not approve of their ideas (9)______________at least you will see where they are coming from, which means you can make (10)______________(adjustment) to your own tone and choice of words accordingly. 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians Are Real Danger We are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers. ■ Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worst offenders. People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision. The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others. — Michael Horan ■ I loved the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads. I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me. The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used. The police do nothing. What a laugh they are! The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的) jackets and lights at night and in the morning. They should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them. — Carol Harvey ■ Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red. I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him. Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists? It’s about time they were registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim compensation. — JML Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper. 1. Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that ________. A. drivers should be polite to cyclists B. road accidents can actually be avoided C. some pedestrians are a threat to road safety D. walking while using phones hurts one’s eyes 2. What is a complaint of JML? A. Cyclists ride fast on pavements. B. Very few drivers are insured. C. Pedestrians go through red traffic lights. D. Horse riders disrespect other road users. 3. The three letters present viewpoints on ________. A. ways to improve road facilities B. the real source of road danger C. measures to punish road offences D. increased awareness of road rules B Gabby Goodwin and her mother, Rozalynn, had a problem: Even after careful styling, barrettes (发夹) kept slipping out of the 5-year-old’s hair. Gabby hated losing bows, and her mom was tired of buying replacements. As Rozalynn shared her frustration with other parents on social media, someone suggested that the Goodwins try creating their own barrettes. “I was super excited,” said Gabby, now l4. “I was nagging (唠叨) my mom every single day about these barrettes.” Gabby’s persistence persuaded her mother, and they began to deal with the problem. First they examined Gabby’s hair bows to see why they were falling out. Then they came up with a design for a double-face, double-snap barrette that attaches securely to hair. When the Goodwins first showed their design to business investors, it was rejected. The product wasn’t the right fit or the business plan wasn’t good, companies told them. The setbacks made Gabby more determined. Gabby and her mother didn’t give up, and in 2014 they began selling the bows online. The barrettes were so popular that the Goodwins received a patent. Today Gabby is chief of Confidence by GaBBY Goodwin, and the barrettes-called GaBBY Bows-are available online and in 74 Target stores across the country. In 2018 Black Enterprise selected Gabbyas its Teenpreneur of the year. The following year, Gabby and Rozalynn set up a virtual academy to help girls learn business skills. If you watch Gabby deliver a speech on a Facebook video, it’s hard to imagine the South Carolina eighth-grader as anything other than confident. But learning to be the public face of her company was “really hard at first,” she said. Over the years, with a lot of practice speaking to audiences, Gabby grew more comfortable in her role. She offers this advice to kids: “Keep doing what you’re passionate about, then you’ll be able to grow in confidence.” 4. What did the Goodwins do after listening to someone’s suggestion? A. They asked for help online. B. They bought replacements. C. They looked for stylish barrettes. D. They designed a new barrette. 5. How did Gabby react to some companies’ rejection? A. She redesigned her barrettes. B. She gave up working on barrettes. C. She sold her products online. D. She told her business plan to a virtual academy. 6. How is Gabby’s business going? A. It is expanding fast. B. It has suffered a downturn. C. It has failed to get a patent. D. It hardly makes ends meet. 7. What does Gabby’s advice to kids show? A. Every dog has its day. B. Never be ashamed to fail. C. Interest and hard work lead to success. D. Confidence is important in public speaking. C Unlike any other art form, movies require hundreds of people and piles of money. With such financial risks, studios want to attract as many people as possible and make a big profit. I often complain that chasing profits ruins movies. Imagine if Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) had to satisfy investors for The Last Supper. In May, Paramount released its trailer (预告片) for a live-action Sonic the Hedgehog movie. Everyone was excited, including me. I love this character, in part because he’s ridiculous. Hedgehogs (刺猬) aren’t fast, nor are they blue. Had the game’s designers ever actually seen a hedgehog? Who cares? Sonic has always looked cool. Nobody would play a video game featuring a realistic hedgehog character. When I saw the movie trailer, though, I worried. Sonic’s eyes were too far apart and his big teeth looked like they would eat my fingers. His body looked like a child wearing pajamas(睡衣). Sonic didn’t look cool. He looked like the half-human result of a failed genetic experiment. You know the internet. People there will fight you for saying the sky is blue. This time, however, the internet stood together: Sonic looked TERRIBLE. People joked about it all over social media. Paramount couldn’t ignore this online outrage and quickly announced a redesign, at great cost to the company. At first, I thought it was awesome. Back when I was a kid, there was no social media. We would have been stuck with creepy, crappy (怪异且蹩脚的) Sonic and his terrifying teeth. After the redesign, Sonic looks cooler than ever. I’m glad the studio broke its budget to get Sonic right. But I’m a little worried, too. What if this starts a trend? What if directors keep going to Sina Weibo or Twitter to make people happy? One thing I’ve learned in life is that if you try to make everybody happy, nobody will be happy. If an art form only exists to make money by giving audiences what they expect, can we really call it “art” anymore? Some of my favorite movies are ones that nobody liked at first. Usually, what makes them good is the same thing that made them unpopular. Studios might end up with lots of money but we would end up with a lot of bad movies. 8. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To describe his love for the character the hedgehog, Sonic. B. To promote the movie Sonic the Hedgehog for its redesign. C.To express his concern over studios’ attempts to please audiences. D. To complain about how awesome Sonic looked in the film trailer. 9. Why did the author get worried when he saw the earlier movie trailer? A.The plot of the movie was dull. B. Sonic looked like a realistic hedgehog. C. They chose the wrong actor to play Sonic. D. Sonic looked awful in the trailer. 10. What does the underlined word “outrage” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Humor. B. Surprise. C. Anger. D. Thrill. 11. Which of the following would the author probably agree with? A. A good movie could gain little popularity at first. B. Great movies are ones that reflect the audience’s tastes. C. The best movies will end up with great profits. D. Great works of art are always disfavored at the beginning. D When answering a question, your silence might say more than your words. A new psychology study has found pausing before replying, even for just a few seconds, can make you seem more insincere or dishonest. That perception (感知) of dishonesty might not be too inaccurate, either. Numerous studies suggest people are slower to respond when they are not being truthful, possibly because it takes more mental work to block a truthful response or fabricate (编造) an alternative. What’s been less clear is how well our lies have been fooling people. Some studies suggest delayed answers come across as insincere to the listener. Others find no relationship between the two, and still more have found the opposite: A bit of hesitation increases our perception of sincerity. These findings are inconsistent and confusing. They are also mostly based on correlations. Even the few studies that have actually looked at causal relationships often didn’t consider confusing factors that could also give away a liar or an insincere speaker. The new research seeks to improve some of those limitations by examining thousands of people under a variety of conditions. Together, it involves more than 7, 500 individuals in a total of 14 experiments. On the whole, the authors found an immediate response was perceived as more sincere, while a delayed response, even a delay as brief as two seconds, was seen as more insincere. “Evaluating other people’s sincerity is an important part of social interactions.” says consumer behaviour researcher Ignazio Ziano. “It would be unfair for the responder, such as a crime suspect, if the response delay was misattributed to (错误地归因于) thought suppression (抑制) or answer fabrication when it was in fact caused by a different factor, such as simply being distracted or thoughtful.” explains Ziano. 12. What can we infer from the first paragraph? A. The impression of dishonesty isn’t always accurate. B. Quicker replies to questions make you seem reliable. C. The perception of dishonesty depends on your silence. D. Preparing a truthful response needs more mental work. 13. According to paragraph 3, how do researchers carry out their research? A. By examining thousands of people in various situations. B. By analyzing the circumstances of the responses involved. C. By collecting data from the database from a new research. D. By studying the findings of several previous research projects. 14. Why does Ziano say it is unfair for the responder in the last paragraph? A. Listeners should ignore the pauses. B. The responder may be judged wrongly. C. A real criminal could escape quietly. D. The response delay affects people’s preference. 15. Where is this text most likely from? A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A magazine. D. A brochure. 二、写作 第一节 应用文写作 假定你是Su Hua，某中学生英文报正举办以“英语中的外来语”为主题的征文活动。请用英文写一篇短文投稿，稿件内容须包括: 1. 举例说明英语中有哪些外来语； 2. 引入外来语对语言文化发展的重要性； 3. 你对引入外来语有何建议（不少于两点）。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 As the daughter of a truck driver and a secretary, I grew up knowing my mother far better than my father. As a young child I was “Daddy’s little girl,” but then I hit those teen years and my relationship with my father no longer existed. Now we were strangers. He didn’t know how to handle a teenage girl with crazy hormones and a big mouth. I was confused. I was a rebellious teenager. When my mother attempted to guide me, of course I fought every inch of the way. But she never let go, and finally I got rid of those raging hormones and improper behaviors. It was during this time that I learned an important lesson from my father. One evening on his way home he saw a woman opening her trunk to take out a spare tire. He stopped, introduced himself and began to take over the task of changing the blown-out tire. When Dad finished changing the tire and returning all of the equipment to the trunk of her car, she offered him a $20 bill for his help. He smiled at her and said, “No need. I have a wife and a daughter who just started driving, and my only hope is that if ever one of them breaks down on the side of the road, someone honest and friendly will stop and do for them what I just did for you.” He said good-bye and left. This was a side of my father I didn’t see often. Instead, throughout my life, my father taught me the rules of the road and life through loud funny stories. I was 24 years old before I realized how much I had really learned from him. In 1992, as a volunteer I headed to western Kansas to join the “Walk Across America for Mother Earth.” We were almost halfway there when the left back tire blew out. Quite upset, I maintained control of the car and pulled off of I-70 onto the shoulder of the road. As I went into the trunk for the spare tire and the jack, an 18-wheeler went flying past us at top speed. I was positioning the jack when I heard the loud, harsh sound of air brakes across the road. Paragraph1: I looked up to see a trucker running to our aid. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph2: I told the driver about my father and his experience in New Jersey. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $