专题04 阅读理解猜词题（阅读技巧练）2026年高考英语阅读理解突破策略及押题

专题04 猜词题 ( 策略分析 ) 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型，考查范围广泛，既涉及单词、短语及句子含义的推断，也包含生词释义、熟词新意的解读与替代词指代内容的判断。这类题目中，多数考查对象超出考纲词汇范畴，需依托上下文语境推导核心含义。 日常训练时，考生除了注重生词与短语的积累，还需扎实掌握构词法知识，熟练运用各类解题技巧。可借助定义解释、同位语提示、对比转折、因果逻辑、生活常识、同义替换、反义对照、构词规则及上下文语境线索等多种路径，精准锁定考查对象的具体含义，提升解题准确率。 一、技巧思维导图 二、命题方式 题型和考查角度： 1.猜测生词或熟词生义。 2.猜测短语的意义。 3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。 4.猜测句意。 命题方式： · The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means . · “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as… · What do you think the expression “…” stands for? · What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph? · Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”? · The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by… · Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”? · What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2? 三、选项特点 正确选项特征 1. 将选项代入原文，上下文逻辑通顺。 2. 含义和其字面意思一般没有关系。 干扰项特征 1. 与划线部分词形相似 2. 考查熟词生义时，含有常规词义的往往不正确 3.选项中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般为错误选项。 四、猜测单词或短语 1.根据定义推测词义： 有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。 2.根据举例推测词义： 有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。 3.根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义： 表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, similarly, on the contrary, in contrast to等。 4.根据同义词或并列结构推测词义： 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。 5.根据构词法推测词义： 英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。 6.根据因果关系推测词义： 因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, for , so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so...that, such...that等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 例1：2025年高考真题 As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. 6. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 五、猜测代词 定关键：返回原文，找到指代词，理清句子结构。 找替代：根据上下文，寻找复合逻辑关系的名词、代词、短语或句子等。 再核对：比较选项，找出与符合逻辑的选项。 一般来说，it/this/that指代一件事； it/he/them/they/one/those指代上文提到的人或事。 例2：2025年6月新高考2卷B篇 There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” 6. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A. Offering regular lessons. B. Paying extra attention. C. Assigning no schoolwork. D. Showing no sympathy. 六、猜测句子 一定位：定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷 二分析：分析理解划线句前后语境，合理推断句意 三归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项 例3：高考真题 Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe！” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. 9．What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe！” probably mean? A．Be careful! B．Well done! C．No way! D．Don't worry! 七、构词法基础知识 1. 词缀猜词法。 词根词缀 解释 例词 hemi-, semi- 半 hemisphere n. 半球 semi-civilized a.半开化的 graph, gram 写，图 diagram n. 图解，图表 here, hes 粘附 adhere vi. 粘附，附着 homo 同类的 homosexual adj. 同性恋的 herit 继承 inherit vt. 继承（传统等） fore- 前 forehead n. 前部 flu 流动 fluid adj. 流动的，易变的 form 形成，形状 formation n. 形成，构成 frac, frag 打碎 fraction n. 小部分，片断 geo 地 geology n. 地质学，地质情况 ex- 出 export vt. 输出，出口 femin 女人 feminine adj. 女性的，女子的 fer 带来，拿来 ferry n. 渡船 flect, flex 弯曲 reflect v. 反射，映现 pend, pens, pond 称重量，称银子，引申为花费 expend vt. 花费，消费 em-, en- 进入…之中，包括；使进入状态 enclose vt. 围住，圈起 ceed 行走，前进 proceed vi. 行进，前进 erg, ert 能量，活力 energy n. 精力，活力 lev 变轻，举起 elevator n. 电梯，升降机 mot 动 motion n. 运动，动作 norm 规范 normal adj. 正常的，正规的 rect 竖，直 erect vt. 建造 vid, vis 看 invisible adj. 看不见的，无形的 e-, ef- 出 efficiency n. 效率，功效 don, dit 给予 donation n. 捐款，捐赠 electr 电的 electric adj. 电的 rupt 断裂 interrupt v. 打断，打扰 stinct, sting 刺 distinct adj. 与其它不同的 vers, vert 转 convert v. （使）转变 di- 两个 divide v. 分开 dis- 不；分开 dismiss vt. 解雇，解散 gener 产生 generate vt. 发生，引起 pict 描写，画 picture n. 图画 port 拿，运 export vt. 输出 scend, scens, scent 爬 descend vi. 下来，下降 scribe, script 写 describe vt. 形容，描写 de- 离开；变坏，向下，加强 deduct vt. 扣除，减去 dec- 十 decade n. 十年 creed, cred 相信，信任 incredible adj. 不可信的 词根词缀 解释 例词 cur(r) 跑 currency n. 通货，流行 fac, fact, fect, fic 做 manufacture vt. 制造，加工 duce, duct 引导 conduct n. 指导；管理 contra- 相反 contrary adj. 相反的 crop, corpor 身体，团体 corporation n. 公司，企业 dict 说 dictate v./n. 口授，命令 sist 站立 persist vi. 坚持，持续 serv 保持 reserve vt. 保留，留存 tend, tent 伸展 extend v. 扩大，伸展 ven, vent 来 revenue n. 收入，收益 vict 征服 convict vt. 证明……有罪 centr 中心 concentrate v. 集中，聚集 dem(o) 民众 democracy n. 民主，民主制 fer 带来 suffer v. 遭受，忍受 fid 相信，信念 confidence n. 信任，信心 fin 结束，范围 confine vt. 限制 plex 重叠，交叉 complex adj. 复合的 secut, sequ 跟随 consequene n. 结果，后果 sens, sent 感觉 sentiment n. 感情，情绪 col-, cor- 在同辅音词根前，表示“共同” colleague n. 同事 com, con- 共同；加强 combine v. 联合，结合 lust 光，照亮 illustrate vt. 说明 lapse 滑倒 collapse vi./n. 倒塌，瓦解 mand 命令 command vt. 命令，指挥 mun 服务 municipal adj. 市政的 pel, puls 驱动，推 pulse vt. 搏动，跳动 ab-, abs- 相反，变坏，离去 abuse vt./n. 滥用 ab-, ac-, ad-, af, ag- 等加在同辅音字母的词跟前，表示“一再”等加强意 accelerate vt. 加速 aer- 空气，充气 aerial adj. 空中的，架空的 tract 拉 tractor n. 拖拉机，牵引车 cord, card 心脏，一致 accord n. 一致 celer 速度 accelerate vt. 加速 cur 关心 curious adj. 关心的 equ, equi 相等，平等 equation n. 等式 opt 选择 option n. 选择 vers, vert 转 convert vt. （使）转变 grav 重 gravity n. 重力，引力 ambi- 二 ambition n. 雄心，抱负 ana- 错误；在旁边；分开 analyse vt. 分析，分解 alter 其他的，改变状态 alternate adj. 交替的，轮流的 ann 年 annual adj. 每年的 词根词缀 解释 例词 gress 行走 progress n. 前进，进步 liter 文学 literary adj. 文学的，文人的 loc 地方 local adj. 地方性的 log 说话 apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪 a- 不，无，非；在…，…的；加强含义 aside adv. 在旁边，到旁边 art 技巧，关节，诡计 artificial adj. 人工的 cert 搞清，区别 certify vt. 证明，证实 scend, scens, scent 爬，攀 descend vi. 下来，下降 spect, spic 看 perspective n. 视角，观点 simil, sembl, simul 相似；一样 similar adj. 相似的，类似的 sum 拿，取 resume vt. 继续，恢复 tain, ten, tin, tinu 拿住 retain vt. 保留，保持 audi 听 audience n. 听众 bat 打 combat n. 战争 bene 善，好 benefit vi, 有益于，得益 bio, bi 声明，生物 biology n. 生物学，生态学 im-, in- 不，无，非；向内，进入 import vt./n. 输入，进口 val, vail 强壮的，价值 invaluable adj. 非常宝贵的，极为贵重的 brilli 发光 brilliant adj. 光辉的，卓越的 calc 石灰 calcium n. 钙 cracy 统治 democracy n. 民主，民主制 fic 做 artificial adj. 人工的，人为的 cap(t), cep(t), ceive, cip 拿，抓，握住 capture vt. 捕获，俘获 circ 环绕 circuit n. 电路，环行 clin 倾斜 incline vt. 使倾斜 cid 落下 incident n. 发生的事，事件 clos, clud, clus 关闭 exclude vt. 把……排除在外 lust 光，照亮 illustrate vt. 说明 ject 抛 inject vt. 注入 sect 切割 section n. 截面，剖面 sert 插，放 insert vt. 插入，嵌入 sist 站立 persist vi. 坚持，持续 magn- 大 magnificent adj. 壮丽的，华丽的 fac, fact, fect, fic 做 manufacture vt. 制造，加工 junct 连接，联合 conjunction n. 接合，连接 leg 法律 legal adj. 法律的，合法的 micro-. mini- 小 microscope n. 显微镜 multi- 多 multiple adj. 多重的 mod 方式，模式，风度 mode n. 方式，模式 词根词缀 解释 例词 op- 相反 oppose vt. 反对，反抗 mut 变 mutual adj. 相互的 neg 否定 negative adj. 否定的，消极的 opt, opto 视力 optical adj. 眼的，光学的 not 知道 notion n. 概念 orn 装饰 adorn v. 装饰 para- 半，类似，辅助；在旁边；降落伞 parallel adj. 类似的，并列的 per- 贯穿，自始至终；坏，假 persist vt. 坚持，持续 oxy 氧的 oxygen n. 氧气，氧 part 部分 partial adj. 部分的 pass 感觉 passion n. 激情，热情 pre- …前的，预先 previous adj. 先，前，以前的 prim- 第一，主要的 prime adj. 首要的，最好的 jud 判断 judgement n. 审判，判断 preci 价值 precious adj. 珍贵的，宝贵的 pro- 向前，在前；很多；赞同；亲… proceed vi. 行进，前进 priv 私有的，单一 private adj. 私人的，个人的 re- 向后，相反，不；一再，重新 renew v. 重新开始，继续 fess 说 confess vt. 供认，坦白 gress 行走 progress n. 前进，进步 voc 声音 vocal adj. 嗓音，发声的 retro- 向后 retrograde v. 后退，倒退 med 治疗 remedy n. 补救办法，治疗法 rect 竖，直 erect vt. 建造，使竖立 spons 约定 sponsor n. 主办者，保证人 tort 扭 distort v. 扭曲，歪曲 viv 生命 vivid adj. 深冬的，活泼的 volv 滚，卷 revolve v. 旋转，循环 ven 来 revenue n. 收入，收益 se- 分开 separate v. 愤慨，隔离 rupt 断 interrupt v. 打断，中断 sacr 神圣的 sacrifice n. 牺牲，供奉 sens 感觉 sensitive adj. 敏感的，灵敏的 sequ 跟随 consequence n. 结果，推论 simil, simul 相类似 similar adj. 相似的，类似的 greg 群体 aggregate v. 合计；聚集 satur 饱 saturable adj. 可饱和的 sub- 在……下面 subway n. 地铁 soc 同伴，结交 social adj. 社会的，社交的 sol 太阳，独自 solar adj. 太阳的 stimul 刺激 stimulate v. 刺激，激励 词根词缀 解释 例词 cult 培养，种植 culture n. 教养，培养 cip 抓，拿 recipient n. 接收者 mon 警告 monitor n. 班长；监视器，检测器 suf- 下面 suffice v. 足够，有能力 super- 超过 superman n. 超人 sup- 在下面 supplicant adj. 哀求的，恳求的 sur- 超过 surrender v. 放弃，投降 sus- 在……下面 sustain v. 支撑，维持 cept 拿，抓，握住 except v. 除外 sym, syn 共同 sympathy n. 同情，同情心 tele 远 telepathic adj. 心灵感应的 terr 地 territorial adj. 领土的 tri- 三 triangle n. 三角形 trans- 交换 transport v. 运输，传送 port 拿，运 import n. 进口，输入 test 证据 testify v. 证明，证实 text 编织 textile adj. 纺织的 tribut 给予 contribute v. 捐助，捐献 turb 扰乱 disturb v. 弄乱，扰乱 ultimo 最后的 ultimate adj. 最后的，最终的 un- 不 unfair adj. 不公平的 uni- 单一 uniform adj. 统一的，一致的 with- 向后，相反 withdraw v. 收回，撤销 util 使用 utilize v. 利用 vac 空 vacant adj. 空白的 vit 生命 vitamin n. 维他命，维生素 vari 变 various adj. 多样的，多方面的 verb 词语 adverb n. 副词 ver 真实的 verdict n. 裁决，判断 verg 倾向 converge v. 聚合，会聚 ( 真题 演练 ) 1. 2025年6月新高考1卷B篇 As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. 6. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 2. 2025年6月新高考2卷B篇 There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” 6. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A. Offering regular lessons. B. Paying extra attention. C. Assigning no schoolwork. D. Showing no sympathy. 3. 2025年6月北京卷C篇 Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (翻屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way — just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. 29. What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Major achievements. B. Complex feelings. C. Significant impacts. D. Fine differences. 4. 2025年1月浙江卷C A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. ...... 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 5. 2025年1月八省联考B Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods. just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns（草坪） to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. In many communities, that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine, greetIng cards, social security checks, college acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailboxes in front of the houses. 25. What does the underlined word “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Refused. B. Criticized. C. Investigated. D. Suspended. 6. 2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷C Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 7. 2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷D Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 12. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 以防潜在危机。 8. 2024年6月新课标全国甲卷B Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 9. 2024年6月北京卷C The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation?” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. 29. What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Accepted by. B. Determined by. C. Awakened by. D. Discovered by. 10. 2024年1月九省联考C However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate （阐述） an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully Assess its strength and weakness Raise objections（异议） and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it. 30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat. ( 押题 演练 )1. Some studies estimate that by 2025, about 35.7 million Americans or 22% of the workforce will be remote workers. Now more people are choosing to welcome a location-independent, technology-enabled lifestyle that allows them to travel and work remotely. They are called digital nomads (数字游民), and the trend is becoming more and more widespread. The growing popularity of this location-independent lifestyle has stimulated an interest in digital nomad visas. As a result, countries are introducing visa options to lure foreigners for extended stays. For example, Indonesia announced that the country is developing a new visa that would be effective for five years — longer than any other digital nomad visa currently available. The emergence of digital nomad visas signifies a progressive response to the rising demand for this new lifestyle. Meanwhile, the conventional image of digital nomads is undergoing a transformation. Digital nomads used to be thought of as twenty-somethings backpacking from hostel to hostel, looking for anywhere they could plug in their laptop. But flexible work and homeschooling have helped introduce a new type of digital nomad that wants to see the world and create lasting memories with their families. It’s called the “anywhere worker”. Most anywhere workers can be found in high-tech jobs, with 61% working full-time. Almost half of people in this category are married, and, unlike the typical digital nomad, 70% are parents who take their families with them. Consistent with the changing image of digital nomads, there is also a shift from valuing possessions to focusing on experiences. Millennils in particular, are fueling this trend. Rather than spending money on expensive watches or luxury cars, younger generations prefer to invest in experiences like concerts, rock climbing and traveling. According to one study, more than three in four Millennials would rather spend their hard-earned money on a thrilling experience or event over buying a product. As remote work opportunities increase, the trend of living a digital nomadic lifestyle is expected to continue growing, allowing more individuals to pursue their dream lifestyles. Nevertheless, whether or not it will stand the test of time remains to be seen. 1．What makes remote work possible? A．The rise of digital nomads. B．The technology advancement. C．The availability of digital nomad visas. D．The increased demand for work-life balance. 2．What does the underlined word “lure” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Request. B．Entertain. C．Fascinate. D．Guide. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The shopping habits of Millennials. B．The analysis of Millennials’ image. C．The changing values of digital nomads. D．The benefits of a digital nomadic lifestyle. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards digital nomads? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Ambiguous. 2. Most people see innovation as a flash of brilliance and Eureka, a new world is born. When Alexander Fleming returned to his lab in 1928, he found a bacteria culture he had grown was infected by fungus (霉菌), killing any colonies it touched. Rather than simply starting over, Fleming switched his focus to the fungus. He identified the bacteria-killing substance, which he called “penicillin”, and seemingly in a single stroke, created the new field of antibiotics. The truth, however, is messier. It wasn’t until 1943 that penicillin came into widespread use. To put Fleming’s discovery in context, consider Ignaz Semmelweis, who pioneered hand washing in maternity wards (产房), significantly reducing childbed fever but receiving scorn instead of fame. That was because in the 1850s, his ideas conflicted with the popular miasma theory, which attributed disease to “bad airs”. After his death in 1865, germ theory was accepted, paving the way for Fleming’s later work. Fleming was a gifted biologist but a poor communicator. When he published his results in 1929, few took notice. In 1935, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain discovered Fleming’s paper, understood its importance, and developed methods to produce penicillin in quantity. By 1943, with World War II raging, the War Production Board enlisted 21 companies to mass-produce penicillin, saving countless lives and ushering in the new age of antibiotics. Fleming, Florey and Chain received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945. Penicillin owes much of its success to government support. For many other groundbreaking innovations like the Internet and GPS, their innovators, while carving their own path, are often uncertain of where the opportunity lies until they team up with other visionaries and corporations, who might have the resources to fast-track their ideas. So, look at any significant innovation and the myth of the lone genius and the “eureka moment” breaks down. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．An account of a lab story. B．Redefinition of a traditional view. C．Correction of a popular misconception. D．An analysis of a scientific phenomenon. 2．What is the message conveyed about Fleming’s story? A．Great minds think alike. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．Luck’s got your back when it comes to success. D．Early work is a steppingstone to later breakthroughs. 3．What does the underlined part “ushering in” mean in paragraph 3? A．Delaying. B．Introducing. C．Predicting. D．Transforming. 4．Which of the following can be the best title? A．Great Innovations: Individuals Are True Heroes. B．From Failure to Success: The Story of Penicillin. C．The Lone Genius: Fleming’s Discovery of Penicillin. D．The Long Road to Penicillin: How Innovation Happens. 3. Human beings have a fundamental need to belong. Yet we are living in a time of loneliness and isolation. A lack of social connection can have negative consequences for both our mental and physical health. To encourage the feelings of connectedness, recent studies suggest that experiential purchases, such as travel, meals at restaurants and recreation, tend to bring people more happiness than material ones, and can promote a greater sense of social connection. In a series of 13 experiments involving 1,980 participants, researchers asked people to think about either experiential or material purchases they had made and then rate their thoughts and feelings about those purchases. People reported feeling more connected with those who had made the same experiential purchase than those who had made the same material purchase. This reflects the fact that experiential purchases are more central to an individual’s identity. Moreover, these findings apply even when people think about how their experiences differ. Even in cases where participants were asked to consider a situation in which they met someone making a similar but better experiential or material purchase, experiences were more likely to foster connection between people than material items were. Although the unpleasant social comparison can create a sense of social distance, this distance feels less wide when it comes to experiential purchases. That’s because it’s easier for people to find common ground and feel kinship with someone else over their similar experiences. Finally, after people think about a joyous experience, they express a greater desire to engage in social activities than they do after they reflect on an important possession. As experiences bond us with others, they provide memories of such bond that people can revisit. These memories, in turn, can encourage engagement in even more sociality. One clear takeaway from this research is that people would likely be wise to shift their spending habit from “having” to “doing”. Also, the research hints that directing resources toward more community engagement might drive improvements in societal well-being. 1．Which can be an example of experiential purchases? A．Watching a paid magic show. B．Claiming free food samples. C．Reading fictions in a library. D．Purchasing a trendy T-shirt. 2．What does the underlined word “kinship” in paragraph 3 mean? A．A shared family background. B．A sense of emotional closeness. C．A tendency to be competitive. D．A desire to purchase the same things. 3．What can be learned about experiential purchases? A．They are better for mental development. B．They create unpleasant social comparisons. C．They contribute to widening social distance. D．They encourage engagement in social events. 4．What are people advised to do according to the text? A．Reflecting on our consumption preference. B．Seting rules to limit unnecessary spending. C．Encouraging community engagement. D．Exploiting more resources in community. 4. For centuries, we’ve pursued happiness and meaning. But what does that leave out? As a social psychologist, I have dedicated my research career to a simple, but universal question: what makes for a good life, and how can we achieve it? For much of human history, we have been presented with two possibilities: pursuing a life of happiness, or a life of meaning. Each of these paths has its benefits, but decades of psychological research have also revealed their limits. Ask the Danes and Finns, who consistently rank among the happiest people in the world, what their secret is and they’ll tell you this: lower your expectations and be content with what you have. It sounds good, doesn’t it? But it leaves something out. It’s a bit like being a college student who only takes easy courses to be sure of getting good grades. Might there be more to life than simple pleasures and cozy comfort? Then there’s the meaningful life. We often imagine that meaning flows from trying to change the world like Steve Jobs. Once again, the research shows that lowering your sights and focusing on the little things can offer a more achievable sense of meaning. Often people find it in routines like taking care of family, or volunteering in the community. But there is also a dark side to the pursuit of meaning: researchers have found that it can encourage people to draw sharp lines between those who belong in their group and those who don’t. My research lab mapped out a third route to fulfillment: psychological richness. A psychologically rich life is one filled with diverse, unusual and interesting experiences that change your perspective; a life with twists and turns; a life that feels like a long, winding hike rather than many laps of the same racing circuit. Such experiences can make us tougher. Not only that, embracing the pursuit of psychological richness can make us less likely to regret: it matters less if the thing you did went wrong. Perhaps no one said it better than Eleanor Roosevelt: “The purpose of life, after all, is to live it, to taste experience to the utmost, to reach out eagerly and without fear”. 1．What is revealed about pursuing happiness or meaning? A．Their benefits outweigh the limits. B．They are equally difficult to achieve. C．Both paths have limits despite their benefits. D．Most people prioritize happiness over meaning. 2．What does the example of “a college student” show in paragraph 3? A．Gratitude is essential for a happy life. B．We should live up to others’ expectations. C．Life means more than leisure and comfort. D．Happiness requires academic achievement. 3．What does the underlined words “a dark side” imply in paragraph 4? A．It may lead to prejudice against outsiders. B．It may result in the loss of group belonging. C．It demands too much volunteer involvement. D．It makes people forget their family responsibilities. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A．To promote Roosevelt’s life philosophy. B．To introduce a new concept of life fulfillment. C．To criticize traditional psychological research. D．To compare different cultural views on happiness. 5. Now controversial new technologies promise parents even more control over their embryos (胚胎) . Today, a lot of those “designer babies” are teenagers. And some families are discovering that things don’t always work out as planned; The kids feel like walking science experiments; the parents are disappointed in how their children turned out. Fertility (生育) businesses are selling a chance of domestic welfare, and these families feel cheated. People who have children this way often place too much importance on genes while ignoring the environment. It’s like, “This is what our family is going to look like. We’re going to pick a kid, and this is how we're going to put it together,” It’s like a project or building a company. People don’t always realize they are creating a human being and not a piece of furniture. They tend to get what they want and don’t hear “no” a lot. So when their kid shows up and isn't the way that they want, what happens? Usually, it’s a disaster. In these homes, a high value gets placed on achievement. I think the way these kids are created sends the message: “You’re not good enough. You need to achieve.” When the kids struggle, it’s especially devastating. The child grows up feeling very different, knowing they were an experiment but not getting the proper support or acceptance they need to grow. In my work, I help parents accept: This is the child you have. I help them make abstract concepts more concrete. Sometimes just explaining “you and your child are not the same person” does the trick. And I help kids accept the reality of their parents. Or say a teenager doesn’t feel loved. I might need to clarify to them that “love” is not a tangible feeling, like getting kicked. It means someone feels fondness toward you like you feel fondness toward candies or toys. Trying to control your child is a recipe for disaster. The kid is going to rebel (反抗) . I don’t know if anyone’s making sure parents understand that they can’t test-drive a child and then return it. You probably can predict stocks, but human behavior has far too many variables. 1．What does the author stress regarding “designer babies” in paragraph 1? A．The high expectations from their parents. B．The psychological impact on their families. C．The intentional cheating from fertility businesses. D．The moral issues surrounding genetic engineering. 2．What is a common problem for families with “designer babies”? A．The children often rebel against their parents. B．The parents are too focused on genetic perfection. C．The children feel like they are science experiments. D．The parents are unable to afford to raise their children. 3．What does the underlined word “devastating” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Confusing. B．Doubtful. C．Challenging. D．Harmful. 4．What is the author’s suggestion for parents of “designer babies”? A．Invest more in genetic research. B．Accept their children as they are. C．Focus more on their children’s achievements. D．Seek professional help to shape their children. 6. A growing number of companies are building humanoid robots, and these mechanical look-alikes are starting to appear in car factories and delivery places. Some businesses even promise robots for home use. Yet one big question still has no answer: Why bother? Why make a robot in a human shape when it could take any imaginable form? The usual answer is that humanoid robots could, in principle, handle any physical jobs a person can. But that “in principle” is doing a lot of heavy lifting. If you’ve watched videos of these robots, you’ll get it — they’re often clumsy, awkward machines. Sure, the technology helping them stand and move has come a long way, but they’re still not as quick or graceful as humans. Meanwhile, robots built for a single job — like an arm shifting goods between conveyor belts (传送带) — are now commonplace. Designed with one purpose, they do it really well, unlike humanoid robots, which aim to do everything but often master nothing. Another argument is that a human shape makes it easier for people to work with or control robots. This holds some water, especially since many of these machines still need skilled human operators. Companies often avoid admitting this, calling it a short-term phase, but the dream of fully independent, AI-powered humanoid robots — ones that match or beat human workers — remains a long shot. For now, what we’ve got are human-shaped shells guided by people behind the scenes. When Elon Musk introduced Tesla’s Optimus robot in 2021, he proudly claimed it could teach, babysit, walk dogs, fetch groceries, or pour drinks. Yet those robots weren’t AI-driven, and each was controlled by a hidden human. Notice a pattern? These tasks—low-wage, service-oriented jobs — suggest that, for now, humanoid robots just mask human effort with a shiny surface. Some remote-controlled robots serve real purposes, like in deep-sea exploration. But those machines aren’t shaped like humans — they look like capsules or small vehicles, and they work just fine. The idea that robots must be human-shaped is a failure of imagination. Yes, humanoid robots look impressive. They remind us of the fantasies in science fictions where machines handle all difficult tasks. But today, they are mostly marketing tools, masking human labor. And a robot that doesn’t truly improve life is missing the point. 1．What does the underlined phrase “holds some water” mean in paragraph 3? A．Provides sufficient evidence. B．Makes much sense. C．Is partly reasonable. D．Is widely accepted. 2．Why does the author mention Tesla’s Optimus robot? A．To prove humanoid robots are better. B．To highlight its impressive technology. C．To show it can replace human workers. D．To suggest it is in the charge of humans. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward humanoid robots? A．Skeptical. B．Optimistic. C．Neutral. D．Cautious. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．When Humanoid Robots Miss Potential B．How Humanoid Robots Miss Goals C．What Humanoid Robots Lack Now D．Why Humanoid Robots Fall Short 7. In 1933, philosopher Bertrand Russell observed that “the fundamental cause of the trouble is that in the modern world the stupid are confident while the intelligent are full of doubt.” This insight remains relevant today, but the issue runs deeper: while most people recognize overconfidence in others, they rarely see it in themselves. This phenomenon, known as the Dunning-Kruger Effect, reveals that those with the least knowledge often overestimate their abilities, while the truly knowledgeable remain humble and open-minded. The internet exacerbates this problem. With endless access to information, people often mistake superficial understanding for professional knowledge, leading to overconfidence. Organizational psychologist Adam Grant addresses this in his book Think Again, urging readers to challenge and update their beliefs. Grant argues that we often adopt the mindsets of churchmen, lawyers, or politicians — defending our beliefs, attacking others’, or seeking approval — rather than seeking truth. To overcome this, Grant suggests separating our sense of self from fixed beliefs. Instead of sticking to beliefs, we should be open to revision. This scientific mindset encourages us to test ideas and update our understanding. Grant cites a study where entrepreneurs (企业家) trained in scientific thinking did better than their peers and achieved greater success, which highlights the value of open-mindedness and adaptability. In the final part of the book, Grant shows us how rethinking skills enhance political debates, teaching, and workplace innovation. Grant provides a host of illustrative examples, but my favorite is the example of a history teacher who gets her students to think like scientists by rewriting textbook chapters that failed to cover important historical events in sufficient depth. This is a far better approach than simply delivering a lecture and forcing students to review the information on a test. But of course, this book is not the final word on the topic, and Grant wouldn’t want it to be. As we gain better evidence and more experience, it’s our responsibility to continually renew our beliefs. As Russell said, “If you’re certain of anything, you’re certainly wrong, because nothing deserves absolute certainty.” 1．What problem do most people have? A．Decline in self-confidence. B．Concern about others’ doubts. C．Indifference to social problems. D．Unawareness of personal limitations. 2．What does the underlined word “exacerbates” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Creates. B．Fixes. C．Worsens. D．Prevents. 3．Which person could be an example in the final part of the book? A．A chef open to feedback. B．A scientist resistant to doubts. C．A doctor reliant on experience. D．A consumer blinded by brands. 4．Which of the following can be used to describe the book? A．Practical and conclusive. B．Insightful but not definitive. C．Informative and theoretical. D．Authoritative but not engaging. 8. Consider the hierarchy (层次) of needs proposed in 1943 by the psychologist Abraham Maslow. Maslow believed that people tend to focus on meeting their needs in a particular order of urgency. We start with survival needs such as food, shelter, and safety. Once these have been met, we turn our attention to social and emotional needs, such as love and belonging. Finally, we focus on higher-order needs such as self-actualization — in other words, looking for life’s meaning. Of these three levels, money is only truly helpful for the first. This is why economists often find that well-being doesn’t improve much once a person reaches the relatively humble financial means that meet those needs. The “middle needs” of love and belonging — family, friends, romance — can’t be met with money, and pursuing money with too much gusto can even result in unexpected consequences. Focusing too much on money is actively opposed to Maslow’s highest-level needs, because doing so can lead people into a trap that researchers call “financial contingency of self-worth,” which happens when a person’s self-esteem is conditional on his or her financial success. This might explain why stress levels are high both when money is tight and when people reach higher income levels. A 2018 survey conducted by LinkedIn found that stress at work falls when people earn more than $50,000, but then starts to rise significantly when people earn above $200,000. One reason for the stress among high earners is their neglect (忽略) of relationships, according to some researchers. Perhaps your parents always put a lot of pressure on you to succeed financially, or you tend to be insecure about your self-worth and rely a lot on social comparison. One way or another, you might be measuring yourself in money, and without realizing it, hoping that at some point you will be “expensive” enough to earn others’ love and respect. Your instincts (直觉) might be telling you to earn more, more, more in order to find peace and satisfaction. Your instincts are lying, and you could get much happier by reassessing your priorities. 1．What is the primary role of money according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? A．It ensures a sense of safety. B．It satisfies all levels of needs. C．It is crucial for self-actualization. D．It is most effective for basic survival needs. 2．What does “gusto” mean in paragraph 2? A．Resistance. B．Enthusiasm. C．Indifference. D．Hesitation. 3．Why might pursuing money excessively lead to stress even at higher income levels? A．It leads to a constant need for financial growth. B．It complicates financial choices for the wealthy. C．It may overshadow social and emotional bonds. D．It increases the pressure to maintain high income. 4．What is the author’s view on using money as a measure of self-worth? A．It’s a natural response. B．It’s a reasonable pursuit. C．It’s a notable misconception. D．It’s a temporary phase in personal growth. 9. Every day, you likely hear a new piece of advice. One suggestion you may hear is to “fake it until you make it”, especially if you’re starting something new, like a job. But is it really good advice? Fake it till you make it is an expression in which a person imitates (模仿) the confidence or skills they need to succeed in what they are doing in the hope that they will eventually feel real. Advocates of this idea say you can fake confidence and hope that, eventually, it will inspire real confidence. The best time to use this strategy may be when you’re trying to change your behavior to improve yourself. If you aim to boost your work productivity, you might draw inspiration from your more efficient colleagues. This way can help you learn strategies to enhance your performance. Similarly, in your personal life, striving to be more friendly and warm can initially feel awkward but will ultimately foster better relationships with those around you. Unfortunately, faking it till you make it doesn’t always bring sunshine, lollipops, and rainbows. It may not work when dealing with hard skills, assisting others, or faking who you are. For example, it is incredibly hard to fake technical skills and competence like software experience. It’s also hard to assist others if you lack understanding of the subject. Moreover, pretending to be someone you’re not or making false claims can be exposed. One study shows that it can snowball into imposter syndrome, which can arise when individuals feel their success is undeserved and fear being exposed as a fake. Unfortunately, faking it till you make it can exacerbate that syndrome, leading to avoidance and negative impacts on productivity and well-being. In conclusion, there is a difference between learning new behaviors and lying about your identity or skills. One can build you into a better worker or friend, but the latter can get you into trouble. “Fake it till you make it” can be a useful approach for some, while it can also contribute to imposter syndrome for others. 1．Why do some people adopt the strategy “fake it till you make it”? A．To criticize the behavior of others. B．To make others trust their abilities. C．To avoid taking on new challenges. D．To gain confidence through imitation. 2．In what type of situation might “fake it till you make it” be ineffective? A．When taking up a new hobby. B．When trying to stay focused in class. C．When teaching others computer skills. D．When socializing with your classmates. 3．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Worsen. B．Relieve. C．Prevent. D．Recognize. 4．What is the author’s main viewpoint on the strategy “fake it till you make it”? A．It can be positive or negative. B．It is a useful tool in our daily life. C．It is more harmful in the long run. D．It’s always good for personal growth. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 猜词题 ( 策略分析 ) 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型，考查范围广泛，既涉及单词、短语及句子含义的推断，也包含生词释义、熟词新意的解读与替代词指代内容的判断。这类题目中，多数考查对象超出考纲词汇范畴，需依托上下文语境推导核心含义。 日常训练时，考生除了注重生词与短语的积累，还需扎实掌握构词法知识，熟练运用各类解题技巧。可借助定义解释、同位语提示、对比转折、因果逻辑、生活常识、同义替换、反义对照、构词规则及上下文语境线索等多种路径，精准锁定考查对象的具体含义，提升解题准确率。 一、技巧思维导图 二、命题方式 题型和考查角度： 1.猜测生词或熟词生义。 2.猜测短语的意义。 3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。 4.猜测句意。 命题方式： · The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means . · “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as… · What do you think the expression “…” stands for? · What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph? · Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”? · The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by… · Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”? · What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2? 三、选项特点 正确选项特征 1. 将选项代入原文，上下文逻辑通顺。 2. 含义和其字面意思一般没有关系。 干扰项特征 1. 与划线部分词形相似 2. 考查熟词生义时，含有常规词义的往往不正确 3.选项中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般为错误选项。 四、猜测单词或短语 1.根据定义推测词义： 有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。 2.根据举例推测词义： 有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。 3.根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义： 表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, similarly, on the contrary, in contrast to等。 4.根据同义词或并列结构推测词义： 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。 5.根据构词法推测词义： 英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。 6.根据因果关系推测词义： 因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, for , so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so...that, such...that等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 例1：2025年高考真题 As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. 6. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 【解析】词句猜测题。 1.通过对比关系铺垫语境：前文提到学生完成前一个写作任务时 “觉得更有趣”，后续两个任务中作者仅明确 “符合体裁要求 + 包含主题”，未额外增加难度。这种 “要求简洁” 与 “最终结果” 形成隐性对比，暗示结果超出预期。 2.通过举例明确词义指向：划线词后紧跟具体例证 —— 学生选取多样主题，提交的故事长达 10-20 页，人物形象既开阔视野又触动人心。这些细节直接体现结果的 “出色与意外”，对应 “staggering” 的核心含义。 3.匹配选项验证：选项中 “Amazing”（惊人的）与 “超出预期、令人赞叹” 的语义一致，而 A（混合的）、C（相似的）、D（令人不安的）均与例证传递的积极效果矛盾，故排除。 五、猜测代词 定关键：返回原文，找到指代词，理清句子结构。 找替代：根据上下文，寻找复合逻辑关系的名词、代词、短语或句子等。 再核对：比较选项，找出与符合逻辑的选项。 一般来说，it/this/that指代一件事； it/he/them/they/one/those指代上文提到的人或事。 例2：2025年6月新高考2卷B篇 There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” 6. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A. Offering regular lessons. B. Paying extra attention. C. Assigning no schoolwork. D. Showing no sympathy. 词句猜测题。 ①定关键：定位指代词与句子结构：返回原文找到 “it” 所在句 ——Ho 评价 “it 是对孩子的伤害”，前一句明确拆分两层逻辑：“一些老师不给孩子布置作业” 和 “反而表达同情”。 ②找替代：锁定逻辑关联对象：“it” 指代前文提到的具体行为，结合后一句 Ho 的补充 “他们觉得老师不关心学业”，可判断核心矛盾指向 “不布置作业”，而非 “表达同情”。 ③再核对：匹配选项排除干扰：选项 A（提供常规课程）、B（投入额外关注）均与原文行为相反，D（不表达同情）与前文 “express sympathy” 矛盾，仅 C（不布置作业）符合上下文逻辑。 六、猜测句子 一定位：定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷 二分析：分析理解划线句前后语境，合理推断句意 三归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项 例3：高考真题 Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe！” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. 9．What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe！” probably mean? A．Be careful! B．Well done! C．No way! D．Don't worry! 【答案】B　 【解析】词义猜测题。 ①定位：锁定划线句与语境关联：找到划线句所在场景 —— 作者成功完成滑板技巧后，朋友们 “用力敲击滑板、大声呼喊”，动作和语气均带有积极情绪。 ②分析：梳理上下文逻辑：前文已说明 “Safe” 有多重含义（酷、打招呼、别担心），但此处语境特殊 —— 作者刚 “成功完成技巧”，且后一句明确点出 “那才是关键 —— 完成技巧、成为优秀滑板者”，直接呼应朋友的欢呼场景。 ③归纳：匹配选项精准判断：选项 A（小心点）是提醒语气，与 “成功后欢呼” 矛盾；C（没门）是否定态度，不符合语境；D（别担心）对应前文 “摔倒时的安慰”，而非成功后的反应；仅 B（干得好）契合 “庆祝技巧完成” 的积极场景，与上下文逻辑一致。 要不要我帮你整理一份句子含义猜测题解 七、构词法基础知识 1. 词缀猜词法。 词根词缀 解释 例词 hemi-, semi- 半 hemisphere n. 半球 semi-civilized a.半开化的 graph, gram 写，图 diagram n. 图解，图表 here, hes 粘附 adhere vi. 粘附，附着 homo 同类的 homosexual adj. 同性恋的 herit 继承 inherit vt. 继承（传统等） fore- 前 forehead n. 前部 flu 流动 fluid adj. 流动的，易变的 form 形成，形状 formation n. 形成，构成 frac, frag 打碎 fraction n. 小部分，片断 geo 地 geology n. 地质学，地质情况 ex- 出 export vt. 输出，出口 femin 女人 feminine adj. 女性的，女子的 fer 带来，拿来 ferry n. 渡船 flect, flex 弯曲 reflect v. 反射，映现 pend, pens, pond 称重量，称银子，引申为花费 expend vt. 花费，消费 em-, en- 进入…之中，包括；使进入状态 enclose vt. 围住，圈起 ceed 行走，前进 proceed vi. 行进，前进 erg, ert 能量，活力 energy n. 精力，活力 lev 变轻，举起 elevator n. 电梯，升降机 mot 动 motion n. 运动，动作 norm 规范 normal adj. 正常的，正规的 rect 竖，直 erect vt. 建造 vid, vis 看 invisible adj. 看不见的，无形的 e-, ef- 出 efficiency n. 效率，功效 don, dit 给予 donation n. 捐款，捐赠 electr 电的 electric adj. 电的 rupt 断裂 interrupt v. 打断，打扰 stinct, sting 刺 distinct adj. 与其它不同的 vers, vert 转 convert v. （使）转变 di- 两个 divide v. 分开 dis- 不；分开 dismiss vt. 解雇，解散 gener 产生 generate vt. 发生，引起 pict 描写，画 picture n. 图画 port 拿，运 export vt. 输出 scend, scens, scent 爬 descend vi. 下来，下降 scribe, script 写 describe vt. 形容，描写 de- 离开；变坏，向下，加强 deduct vt. 扣除，减去 dec- 十 decade n. 十年 creed, cred 相信，信任 incredible adj. 不可信的 词根词缀 解释 例词 cur(r) 跑 currency n. 通货，流行 fac, fact, fect, fic 做 manufacture vt. 制造，加工 duce, duct 引导 conduct n. 指导；管理 contra- 相反 contrary adj. 相反的 crop, corpor 身体，团体 corporation n. 公司，企业 dict 说 dictate v./n. 口授，命令 sist 站立 persist vi. 坚持，持续 serv 保持 reserve vt. 保留，留存 tend, tent 伸展 extend v. 扩大，伸展 ven, vent 来 revenue n. 收入，收益 vict 征服 convict vt. 证明……有罪 centr 中心 concentrate v. 集中，聚集 dem(o) 民众 democracy n. 民主，民主制 fer 带来 suffer v. 遭受，忍受 fid 相信，信念 confidence n. 信任，信心 fin 结束，范围 confine vt. 限制 plex 重叠，交叉 complex adj. 复合的 secut, sequ 跟随 consequene n. 结果，后果 sens, sent 感觉 sentiment n. 感情，情绪 col-, cor- 在同辅音词根前，表示“共同” colleague n. 同事 com, con- 共同；加强 combine v. 联合，结合 lust 光，照亮 illustrate vt. 说明 lapse 滑倒 collapse vi./n. 倒塌，瓦解 mand 命令 command vt. 命令，指挥 mun 服务 municipal adj. 市政的 pel, puls 驱动，推 pulse vt. 搏动，跳动 ab-, abs- 相反，变坏，离去 abuse vt./n. 滥用 ab-, ac-, ad-, af, ag- 等加在同辅音字母的词跟前，表示“一再”等加强意 accelerate vt. 加速 aer- 空气，充气 aerial adj. 空中的，架空的 tract 拉 tractor n. 拖拉机，牵引车 cord, card 心脏，一致 accord n. 一致 celer 速度 accelerate vt. 加速 cur 关心 curious adj. 关心的 equ, equi 相等，平等 equation n. 等式 opt 选择 option n. 选择 vers, vert 转 convert vt. （使）转变 grav 重 gravity n. 重力，引力 ambi- 二 ambition n. 雄心，抱负 ana- 错误；在旁边；分开 analyse vt. 分析，分解 alter 其他的，改变状态 alternate adj. 交替的，轮流的 ann 年 annual adj. 每年的 词根词缀 解释 例词 gress 行走 progress n. 前进，进步 liter 文学 literary adj. 文学的，文人的 loc 地方 local adj. 地方性的 log 说话 apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪 a- 不，无，非；在…，…的；加强含义 aside adv. 在旁边，到旁边 art 技巧，关节，诡计 artificial adj. 人工的 cert 搞清，区别 certify vt. 证明，证实 scend, scens, scent 爬，攀 descend vi. 下来，下降 spect, spic 看 perspective n. 视角，观点 simil, sembl, simul 相似；一样 similar adj. 相似的，类似的 sum 拿，取 resume vt. 继续，恢复 tain, ten, tin, tinu 拿住 retain vt. 保留，保持 audi 听 audience n. 听众 bat 打 combat n. 战争 bene 善，好 benefit vi, 有益于，得益 bio, bi 声明，生物 biology n. 生物学，生态学 im-, in- 不，无，非；向内，进入 import vt./n. 输入，进口 val, vail 强壮的，价值 invaluable adj. 非常宝贵的，极为贵重的 brilli 发光 brilliant adj. 光辉的，卓越的 calc 石灰 calcium n. 钙 cracy 统治 democracy n. 民主，民主制 fic 做 artificial adj. 人工的，人为的 cap(t), cep(t), ceive, cip 拿，抓，握住 capture vt. 捕获，俘获 circ 环绕 circuit n. 电路，环行 clin 倾斜 incline vt. 使倾斜 cid 落下 incident n. 发生的事，事件 clos, clud, clus 关闭 exclude vt. 把……排除在外 lust 光，照亮 illustrate vt. 说明 ject 抛 inject vt. 注入 sect 切割 section n. 截面，剖面 sert 插，放 insert vt. 插入，嵌入 sist 站立 persist vi. 坚持，持续 magn- 大 magnificent adj. 壮丽的，华丽的 fac, fact, fect, fic 做 manufacture vt. 制造，加工 junct 连接，联合 conjunction n. 接合，连接 leg 法律 legal adj. 法律的，合法的 micro-. mini- 小 microscope n. 显微镜 multi- 多 multiple adj. 多重的 mod 方式，模式，风度 mode n. 方式，模式 词根词缀 解释 例词 op- 相反 oppose vt. 反对，反抗 mut 变 mutual adj. 相互的 neg 否定 negative adj. 否定的，消极的 opt, opto 视力 optical adj. 眼的，光学的 not 知道 notion n. 概念 orn 装饰 adorn v. 装饰 para- 半，类似，辅助；在旁边；降落伞 parallel adj. 类似的，并列的 per- 贯穿，自始至终；坏，假 persist vt. 坚持，持续 oxy 氧的 oxygen n. 氧气，氧 part 部分 partial adj. 部分的 pass 感觉 passion n. 激情，热情 pre- …前的，预先 previous adj. 先，前，以前的 prim- 第一，主要的 prime adj. 首要的，最好的 jud 判断 judgement n. 审判，判断 preci 价值 precious adj. 珍贵的，宝贵的 pro- 向前，在前；很多；赞同；亲… proceed vi. 行进，前进 priv 私有的，单一 private adj. 私人的，个人的 re- 向后，相反，不；一再，重新 renew v. 重新开始，继续 fess 说 confess vt. 供认，坦白 gress 行走 progress n. 前进，进步 voc 声音 vocal adj. 嗓音，发声的 retro- 向后 retrograde v. 后退，倒退 med 治疗 remedy n. 补救办法，治疗法 rect 竖，直 erect vt. 建造，使竖立 spons 约定 sponsor n. 主办者，保证人 tort 扭 distort v. 扭曲，歪曲 viv 生命 vivid adj. 深冬的，活泼的 volv 滚，卷 revolve v. 旋转，循环 ven 来 revenue n. 收入，收益 se- 分开 separate v. 愤慨，隔离 rupt 断 interrupt v. 打断，中断 sacr 神圣的 sacrifice n. 牺牲，供奉 sens 感觉 sensitive adj. 敏感的，灵敏的 sequ 跟随 consequence n. 结果，推论 simil, simul 相类似 similar adj. 相似的，类似的 greg 群体 aggregate v. 合计；聚集 satur 饱 saturable adj. 可饱和的 sub- 在……下面 subway n. 地铁 soc 同伴，结交 social adj. 社会的，社交的 sol 太阳，独自 solar adj. 太阳的 stimul 刺激 stimulate v. 刺激，激励 词根词缀 解释 例词 cult 培养，种植 culture n. 教养，培养 cip 抓，拿 recipient n. 接收者 mon 警告 monitor n. 班长；监视器，检测器 suf- 下面 suffice v. 足够，有能力 super- 超过 superman n. 超人 sup- 在下面 supplicant adj. 哀求的，恳求的 sur- 超过 surrender v. 放弃，投降 sus- 在……下面 sustain v. 支撑，维持 cept 拿，抓，握住 except v. 除外 sym, syn 共同 sympathy n. 同情，同情心 tele 远 telepathic adj. 心灵感应的 terr 地 territorial adj. 领土的 tri- 三 triangle n. 三角形 trans- 交换 transport v. 运输，传送 port 拿，运 import n. 进口，输入 test 证据 testify v. 证明，证实 text 编织 textile adj. 纺织的 tribut 给予 contribute v. 捐助，捐献 turb 扰乱 disturb v. 弄乱，扰乱 ultimo 最后的 ultimate adj. 最后的，最终的 un- 不 unfair adj. 不公平的 uni- 单一 uniform adj. 统一的，一致的 with- 向后，相反 withdraw v. 收回，撤销 util 使用 utilize v. 利用 vac 空 vacant adj. 空白的 vit 生命 vitamin n. 维他命，维生素 vari 变 various adj. 多样的，多方面的 verb 词语 adverb n. 副词 ver 真实的 verdict n. 裁决，判断 verg 倾向 converge v. 聚合，会聚 ( 真题 演练 ) 1. 2025年6月新高考1卷B篇 As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. 6. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中划线词下文“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可推知，此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。划线词“staggering”意为“令人惊叹的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing (惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。 2. 2025年6月新高考2卷B篇 There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” 6. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A. Offering regular lessons. B. Paying extra attention. C. Assigning no schoolwork. D. Showing no sympathy. 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段划线词所在句“Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. (一些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业，而是表达同情。Ho说：“我觉得这对孩子们是一种伤害”)” 可推知，其中的“it”指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。故选C。 3. 2025年6月北京卷C篇 Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (翻屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way — just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. 29. What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Major achievements. B. Complex feelings. C. Significant impacts. D. Fine differences. 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“ In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. (为自己辩护一下，我做了我们所有人都做过的事，就是重复那些大家都认可的观点，却没有探究其中的____。但现在是时候纠正这个观点了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都是不健康的这一想法。)” 可知，作者之前只是重复普遍观点，没有深入探究不同情况，现在要重新审视，所以“nuances”意思可能是 “细微差别”。故选D。 4. 2025年1月浙江卷C A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. ...... 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 本文介绍了“矩阵式”种植方法，倡导模仿自然设计园艺。 28. B 词义猜测题。由划线词所在句 “Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools” 以及后文提到 “to garden more like nature does” 可知，矩阵种植强调减少人类干预，因此 “Eschewing” 意为 “避免、远离”，故选B项。 5. 2025年1月八省联考B Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods. just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns（草坪） to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. In many communities, that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine, greetIng cards, social security checks, college acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailboxes in front of the houses. 25. What does the underlined word “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Refused. B. Criticized. C. Investigated. D. Suspended. 本文讲述了一位深受社区居民爱戴的邮递员Jim Johnson的工作经历和他退休时的感人故事，展现了邮递员与社区之间的深厚纽带。 25. B 词义猜测题。由第二段中的“the trust in local postal service lives on”以及前后语境可推测，“disparaged”是指邮政服务现在常受到批评或贬低。故选B项。 6. 2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷C Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 7. 2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷D Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 12. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。 【12题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。 8. 2024年6月新课标全国甲卷B Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,  (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。 9. 2024年6月北京卷C The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation?” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. 29. What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Accepted by. B. Determined by. C. Awakened by. D. Discovered by. 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B项。 10. 2024年1月九省联考C However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate （阐述） an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully Assess its strength and weakness Raise objections（异议） and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it. 30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat. 30 B. Explain. 词义猜测题。在第三段中，“spell out”意味着详细解释或阐明。作者建议当你与持有某种立场的人交谈时，要求他们给出理由并完整地阐述他们的观点。原文中提到：“ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully.” 让他们为自己的观点提供依据也就意味着详细解释他们的观点。 ( 押题 演练 )1. Some studies estimate that by 2025, about 35.7 million Americans or 22% of the workforce will be remote workers. Now more people are choosing to welcome a location-independent, technology-enabled lifestyle that allows them to travel and work remotely. They are called digital nomads (数字游民), and the trend is becoming more and more widespread. The growing popularity of this location-independent lifestyle has stimulated an interest in digital nomad visas. As a result, countries are introducing visa options to lure foreigners for extended stays. For example, Indonesia announced that the country is developing a new visa that would be effective for five years — longer than any other digital nomad visa currently available. The emergence of digital nomad visas signifies a progressive response to the rising demand for this new lifestyle. Meanwhile, the conventional image of digital nomads is undergoing a transformation. Digital nomads used to be thought of as twenty-somethings backpacking from hostel to hostel, looking for anywhere they could plug in their laptop. But flexible work and homeschooling have helped introduce a new type of digital nomad that wants to see the world and create lasting memories with their families. It’s called the “anywhere worker”. Most anywhere workers can be found in high-tech jobs, with 61% working full-time. Almost half of people in this category are married, and, unlike the typical digital nomad, 70% are parents who take their families with them. Consistent with the changing image of digital nomads, there is also a shift from valuing possessions to focusing on experiences. Millennils in particular, are fueling this trend. Rather than spending money on expensive watches or luxury cars, younger generations prefer to invest in experiences like concerts, rock climbing and traveling. According to one study, more than three in four Millennials would rather spend their hard-earned money on a thrilling experience or event over buying a product. As remote work opportunities increase, the trend of living a digital nomadic lifestyle is expected to continue growing, allowing more individuals to pursue their dream lifestyles. Nevertheless, whether or not it will stand the test of time remains to be seen. 1．What makes remote work possible? A．The rise of digital nomads. B．The technology advancement. C．The availability of digital nomad visas. D．The increased demand for work-life balance. 2．What does the underlined word “lure” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Request. B．Entertain. C．Fascinate. D．Guide. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The shopping habits of Millennials. B．The analysis of Millennials’ image. C．The changing values of digital nomads. D．The benefits of a digital nomadic lifestyle. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards digital nomads? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Ambiguous. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了数字游民现象的兴起，数字游民签证应运而生，数字游民的形象从年轻背包客演变为更广泛的“随地工作者”，观念也发生了改变。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now more people are choosing to welcome a location-independent, technology-enabled lifestyle that allows them to travel and work remotely. (现在，越来越多的人选择了一种与地点无关的、技术支持的生活方式，这种生活方式允许他们远程旅行和工作。)”可知，技术进步使远程工作成为可能。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句中“As a result, countries are introducing visa options…(因此，各国纷纷推出签证选项……)”再结合画线词所在句前一句“The growing popularity of this location-independent lifestyle has stimulated an interest in digital nomad visas.(这种不依赖地点的生活方式越来越受欢迎，激发了人们对数字游牧民签证的兴趣。)”提到不受地域限制的生活方式日益普及，激发了人们对数字游民签证的兴趣，可推测出一些国家纷纷推出数字游民签证的目的是吸引外国人延长逗留时间，故推断lure意为“吸引”的意思，和选项C项Fascinate“吸引”意思一致。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Consistent with the changing image of digital nomads, there is also a shift from valuing possessions to focusing on experiences. Millennils in particular, are fueling this trend. Rather than spending money on expensive watches or luxury cars, younger generations prefer to invest in experiences like concerts, rock climbing and traveling. According to one study, more than three in four Millennials would rather spend their hard-earned money on a thrilling experience or event over buying a product.(与数字游民形象的变化相一致的是，他们也从重视财产转向关注体验。千禧一代尤其助长了这一趋势。比起把钱花在昂贵的手表或豪车上，年轻一代更喜欢投资于音乐会、攀岩和旅行等体验。根据一项研究，超过四分之三的千禧一代宁愿把辛苦赚来的钱花在令人兴奋的体验或活动上，而不是购买产品。)”可知，本段讲述了数字游民开始从重视物质向关注经历转变，特别强调了千禧一代更加注重体验生活。所以，本段主要讲的是数字游民价值观的变化。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As remote work opportunities increase, the trend of living a digital nomadic lifestyle is expected to continue growing, allowing more individuals to pursue their dream lifestyles. Nevertheless, whether or not it will stand the test of time remains to be seen.(随着远程工作机会的增加，数字游牧生活方式的趋势预计将继续增长，让更多的人追求他们梦想的生活方式。然而，它能否经受住时间的考验还有待观察。)”可知，作者虽肯定数字游民生活有助于年轻人逐梦，但同时也表明要时间来表明其是否能经得起考验，由此可推知，作者对数字游民的态度是中立的。故选C项。 2. Most people see innovation as a flash of brilliance and Eureka, a new world is born. When Alexander Fleming returned to his lab in 1928, he found a bacteria culture he had grown was infected by fungus (霉菌), killing any colonies it touched. Rather than simply starting over, Fleming switched his focus to the fungus. He identified the bacteria-killing substance, which he called “penicillin”, and seemingly in a single stroke, created the new field of antibiotics. The truth, however, is messier. It wasn’t until 1943 that penicillin came into widespread use. To put Fleming’s discovery in context, consider Ignaz Semmelweis, who pioneered hand washing in maternity wards (产房), significantly reducing childbed fever but receiving scorn instead of fame. That was because in the 1850s, his ideas conflicted with the popular miasma theory, which attributed disease to “bad airs”. After his death in 1865, germ theory was accepted, paving the way for Fleming’s later work. Fleming was a gifted biologist but a poor communicator. When he published his results in 1929, few took notice. In 1935, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain discovered Fleming’s paper, understood its importance, and developed methods to produce penicillin in quantity. By 1943, with World War II raging, the War Production Board enlisted 21 companies to mass-produce penicillin, saving countless lives and ushering in the new age of antibiotics. Fleming, Florey and Chain received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945. Penicillin owes much of its success to government support. For many other groundbreaking innovations like the Internet and GPS, their innovators, while carving their own path, are often uncertain of where the opportunity lies until they team up with other visionaries and corporations, who might have the resources to fast-track their ideas. So, look at any significant innovation and the myth of the lone genius and the “eureka moment” breaks down. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．An account of a lab story. B．Redefinition of a traditional view. C．Correction of a popular misconception. D．An analysis of a scientific phenomenon. 2．What is the message conveyed about Fleming’s story? A．Great minds think alike. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．Luck’s got your back when it comes to success. D．Early work is a steppingstone to later breakthroughs. 3．What does the underlined part “ushering in” mean in paragraph 3? A．Delaying. B．Introducing. C．Predicting. D．Transforming. 4．Which of the following can be the best title? A．Great Innovations: Individuals Are True Heroes. B．From Failure to Success: The Story of Penicillin. C．The Lone Genius: Fleming’s Discovery of Penicillin. D．The Long Road to Penicillin: How Innovation Happens. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过讲述青霉素的发现、早期未受重视、后续量产推广的过程，结合塞麦尔维斯在产房推行洗手却遭冷遇的例子，揭示重大创新并非是某个天才“灵光一闪”的产物，而是多方面因素共同作用的结果。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Most people see innovation as a flash of brilliance and Eureka, a new world is born. When Alexander Fleming returned to his lab in 1928, he found a bacteria culture he had grown was infected by fungus (霉菌), killing any colonies it touched. Rather than simply starting over, Fleming switched his focus to the fungus. He identified the bacteria-killing substance, which he called “penicillin”, and seemingly in a single stroke, created the new field of antibiotics. The truth, however, is messier. It wasn’t until 1943 that penicillin came into widespread use. (大多数人将创新视为灵光一现的“尤里卡时刻”（即灵感突现的瞬间），仿佛一声“尤里卡”，新世界便随之诞生。1928年，亚历山大・弗莱明回到实验室时，发现自己培养的细菌培养基被霉菌污染，而霉菌所到之处，细菌菌落均被杀死。他没有简单地从头再来，而是将研究重点转向了这种霉菌。他鉴定出了这种杀菌物质，并将其命名为“青霉素”——看似一蹴而就间，他开创了抗生素这一全新领域。但事实远比这复杂。直到1943年，青霉素才得以广泛应用。)”可知，在第一段中，作者先指出大众对创新的普遍认知，随后通过弗莱明发现青霉素的例子，用“however”转折强调“事实远比这复杂”，即纠正了人们对创新过程的误解。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Fleming was a gifted biologist but a poor communicator. When he published his results in 1929, few took notice. In 1935, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain discovered Fleming’s paper, understood its importance, and developed methods to produce penicillin in quantity. By 1943, with World War II raging, the War Production Board enlisted 21 companies to mass-produce penicillin, saving countless lives and ushering in the new age of antibiotics. Fleming, Florey and Chain received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945. (弗莱明是一位天赋异禀的生物学家，但不擅长沟通。1929年，他发表了自己的研究成果，却几乎无人关注。1935年，霍华德・弗洛里和恩斯特・钱恩发现了弗莱明的论文，意识到其重要性，并开发了批量生产青霉素的方法。到1943年，第二次世界大战正如火如荼，美国战争生产委员会召集21家公司大规模生产青霉素，拯救了无数生命，也开创了抗生素的新时代。弗莱明、弗洛里和钱恩于1945年共同获得诺贝尔医学奖。)”可知，弗莱明的成果最初无人关注，直到弗洛里和钱恩发现其论文并推动量产，最终借助政府和企业资源实现突破。由此可推测，弗莱明的初步发现、弗洛里团队的开发，均体现早期成果为后续突破铺路的逻辑。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“By 1943, with World War II raging, the War Production Board enlisted 21 companies to mass-produce penicillin, saving countless lives and ushering in the new age of antibiotics. (到1943年，第二次世界大战正如火如荼，美国战争生产委员会召集21家公司大规模生产青霉素，拯救了无数生命，也……抗生素的新时代。)”可知，青霉素的大规模生产拯救了生命，由此开启了抗生素的新时代。划线单词的意思和“开创、引入”相似。选项B“introducing”意为“引入”，与此相符。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章通过青霉素的发现与应用过程，揭示了创新并非“灵光一现”，而是依赖前人研究积累、团队协作、资源支持等多方面因素的长期过程。选项D“The Long Road to Penicillin: How Innovation Happens. (青霉素的漫长之路：创新如何发生。)”既涵盖青霉素从发现到应用的漫长过程，又点明文章对创新本质的探讨，契合主旨。故选D。 3. Human beings have a fundamental need to belong. Yet we are living in a time of loneliness and isolation. A lack of social connection can have negative consequences for both our mental and physical health. To encourage the feelings of connectedness, recent studies suggest that experiential purchases, such as travel, meals at restaurants and recreation, tend to bring people more happiness than material ones, and can promote a greater sense of social connection. In a series of 13 experiments involving 1,980 participants, researchers asked people to think about either experiential or material purchases they had made and then rate their thoughts and feelings about those purchases. People reported feeling more connected with those who had made the same experiential purchase than those who had made the same material purchase. This reflects the fact that experiential purchases are more central to an individual’s identity. Moreover, these findings apply even when people think about how their experiences differ. Even in cases where participants were asked to consider a situation in which they met someone making a similar but better experiential or material purchase, experiences were more likely to foster connection between people than material items were. Although the unpleasant social comparison can create a sense of social distance, this distance feels less wide when it comes to experiential purchases. That’s because it’s easier for people to find common ground and feel kinship with someone else over their similar experiences. Finally, after people think about a joyous experience, they express a greater desire to engage in social activities than they do after they reflect on an important possession. As experiences bond us with others, they provide memories of such bond that people can revisit. These memories, in turn, can encourage engagement in even more sociality. One clear takeaway from this research is that people would likely be wise to shift their spending habit from “having” to “doing”. Also, the research hints that directing resources toward more community engagement might drive improvements in societal well-being. 1．Which can be an example of experiential purchases? A．Watching a paid magic show. B．Claiming free food samples. C．Reading fictions in a library. D．Purchasing a trendy T-shirt. 2．What does the underlined word “kinship” in paragraph 3 mean? A．A shared family background. B．A sense of emotional closeness. C．A tendency to be competitive. D．A desire to purchase the same things. 3．What can be learned about experiential purchases? A．They are better for mental development. B．They create unpleasant social comparisons. C．They contribute to widening social distance. D．They encourage engagement in social events. 4．What are people advised to do according to the text? A．Reflecting on our consumption preference. B．Seting rules to limit unnecessary spending. C．Encouraging community engagement. D．Exploiting more resources in community. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了体验式购买相比物质购买更能促进社交连接和幸福感，并通过一系列实验研究论证了这一观点，最终建议人们将消费习惯从“拥有”转向“参与”，并鼓励社区参与以提升社会福祉。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第1段“To encourage the feelings of connectedness, recent studies suggest that experiential purchases, such as travel, meals at restaurants and recreation, tend to bring people more happiness than material ones, and can promote a greater sense of social connection.(为了鼓励联系感，最近的研究表明，体验式消费，如旅游、在餐馆吃饭和娱乐活动，往往比物质消费给人们带来更多的幸福感，并能促进更大的社会联系感)”可推知，体验式购买是参与活动或经历。选项A“看付费魔术表演”是体验式购买的典型例子。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第3段“Although the unpleasant social comparison can create a sense of social distance, this distance feels less wide when it comes to experiential purchases. That’s because it’s easier for people to find common ground and feel kinship with someone else over their similar experiences.(尽管不愉快的社会比较会产生一种社会距离感，但当涉及到体验式购买时，这种距离感就没那么大了。这是因为人们更容易找到共同点，并在相似的经历中与他人产生kinship)”可知，体验式购买时，这种社会距离感就没那么大，即较为亲近，所以kinship 表示情感上的亲近感。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第4段“Finally, after people think about a joyous experience, they express a greater desire to engage in social activities than they do after they reflect on an important possession. As experiences bond us with others, they provide memories of such bond that people can revisit. These memories, in turn, can encourage engagement in even more sociality.(最后，当人们想到一次快乐的经历后，他们比反思一件重要的财产后更渴望参与社交活动。当经历将我们与他人联系在一起时，它们提供了人们可以重温的这种联系的记忆。这些记忆反过来又可以鼓励更多的社交活动)”可推知，体验式购买会鼓励参与社交活动。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第5段“One clear takeaway from this research is that people would likely be wise to shift their spending habit from “having” to “doing”. Also, the research hints that directing resources toward more community engagement might drive improvements in societal well-being.(这项研究的一个明显结论是，人们可能会明智地将他们的消费习惯从“有”转变为“做”。此外，该研究暗示，将资源用于更多的社区参与可能会推动社会福祉的改善)”可推知，文章建议鼓励社区参与。故选C。 4. For centuries, we’ve pursued happiness and meaning. But what does that leave out? As a social psychologist, I have dedicated my research career to a simple, but universal question: what makes for a good life, and how can we achieve it? For much of human history, we have been presented with two possibilities: pursuing a life of happiness, or a life of meaning. Each of these paths has its benefits, but decades of psychological research have also revealed their limits. Ask the Danes and Finns, who consistently rank among the happiest people in the world, what their secret is and they’ll tell you this: lower your expectations and be content with what you have. It sounds good, doesn’t it? But it leaves something out. It’s a bit like being a college student who only takes easy courses to be sure of getting good grades. Might there be more to life than simple pleasures and cozy comfort? Then there’s the meaningful life. We often imagine that meaning flows from trying to change the world like Steve Jobs. Once again, the research shows that lowering your sights and focusing on the little things can offer a more achievable sense of meaning. Often people find it in routines like taking care of family, or volunteering in the community. But there is also a dark side to the pursuit of meaning: researchers have found that it can encourage people to draw sharp lines between those who belong in their group and those who don’t. My research lab mapped out a third route to fulfillment: psychological richness. A psychologically rich life is one filled with diverse, unusual and interesting experiences that change your perspective; a life with twists and turns; a life that feels like a long, winding hike rather than many laps of the same racing circuit. Such experiences can make us tougher. Not only that, embracing the pursuit of psychological richness can make us less likely to regret: it matters less if the thing you did went wrong. Perhaps no one said it better than Eleanor Roosevelt: “The purpose of life, after all, is to live it, to taste experience to the utmost, to reach out eagerly and without fear”. 1．What is revealed about pursuing happiness or meaning? A．Their benefits outweigh the limits. B．They are equally difficult to achieve. C．Both paths have limits despite their benefits. D．Most people prioritize happiness over meaning. 2．What does the example of “a college student” show in paragraph 3? A．Gratitude is essential for a happy life. B．We should live up to others’ expectations. C．Life means more than leisure and comfort. D．Happiness requires academic achievement. 3．What does the underlined words “a dark side” imply in paragraph 4? A．It may lead to prejudice against outsiders. B．It may result in the loss of group belonging. C．It demands too much volunteer involvement. D．It makes people forget their family responsibilities. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A．To promote Roosevelt’s life philosophy. B．To introduce a new concept of life fulfillment. C．To criticize traditional psychological research. D．To compare different cultural views on happiness. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者指出传统幸福与意义观有局限，提出 “心理丰富性” 概念，指通过多样经历改变视角，实现生活满足。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Each of these paths has its benefits, but decades of psychological research have also revealed their limits.(这些路径各有其优势，但数十年的心理学研究也揭示了它们的局限性)”可知，关于追求幸福或意义，无论哪条道路都有其局限性，尽管它们都有诸多益处。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“It’s a bit like being a college student who only takes easy courses to be sure of getting good grades. Might there be more to life than simple pleasures and cozy comfort?(这有点像一个大学生，只选择容易的课程，只为确保能取得好成绩。难道生活中除了简单的快乐和舒适的生活之外就没有更多了吗？)”可知，第三段中“一名大学生”的例子说明了生活远不止是休闲和舒适。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“researchers have found that it can encourage people to draw sharp lines between those who belong in their group and those who don’t(研究人员发现，这可能会促使人们将那些属于自己群体的人与不属于的人划出明显的界限)”可知，下划线部分的“a dark side (阴暗面)”一词意味着它可能会导致对外人的偏见。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“For centuries, we’ve pursued happiness and meaning. But what does that leave out? As a social psychologist, I have dedicated my research career to a simple, but universal question: what makes for a good life, and how can we achieve it?(数百年来，我们一直追求幸福与意义。但这样做的同时，又忽略了什么呢？作为一名社会心理学家，我的研究生涯一直围绕着一个简单却普遍的问题展开：什么样的生活才是美好的？我们又该如何实现这样的生活呢？)”并结合文章作者指出传统幸福与意义观有局限，提出“心理丰富性”概念，指通过多样经历改变视角，实现生活满足。可知，作者撰写这篇文章的旨在介绍一种新的生活满足感的概念。故选B。 5. Now controversial new technologies promise parents even more control over their embryos (胚胎) . Today, a lot of those “designer babies” are teenagers. And some families are discovering that things don’t always work out as planned; The kids feel like walking science experiments; the parents are disappointed in how their children turned out. Fertility (生育) businesses are selling a chance of domestic welfare, and these families feel cheated. People who have children this way often place too much importance on genes while ignoring the environment. It’s like, “This is what our family is going to look like. We’re going to pick a kid, and this is how we're going to put it together,” It’s like a project or building a company. People don’t always realize they are creating a human being and not a piece of furniture. They tend to get what they want and don’t hear “no” a lot. So when their kid shows up and isn't the way that they want, what happens? Usually, it’s a disaster. In these homes, a high value gets placed on achievement. I think the way these kids are created sends the message: “You’re not good enough. You need to achieve.” When the kids struggle, it’s especially devastating. The child grows up feeling very different, knowing they were an experiment but not getting the proper support or acceptance they need to grow. In my work, I help parents accept: This is the child you have. I help them make abstract concepts more concrete. Sometimes just explaining “you and your child are not the same person” does the trick. And I help kids accept the reality of their parents. Or say a teenager doesn’t feel loved. I might need to clarify to them that “love” is not a tangible feeling, like getting kicked. It means someone feels fondness toward you like you feel fondness toward candies or toys. Trying to control your child is a recipe for disaster. The kid is going to rebel (反抗) . I don’t know if anyone’s making sure parents understand that they can’t test-drive a child and then return it. You probably can predict stocks, but human behavior has far too many variables. 1．What does the author stress regarding “designer babies” in paragraph 1? A．The high expectations from their parents. B．The psychological impact on their families. C．The intentional cheating from fertility businesses. D．The moral issues surrounding genetic engineering. 2．What is a common problem for families with “designer babies”? A．The children often rebel against their parents. B．The parents are too focused on genetic perfection. C．The children feel like they are science experiments. D．The parents are unable to afford to raise their children. 3．What does the underlined word “devastating” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Confusing. B．Doubtful. C．Challenging. D．Harmful. 4．What is the author’s suggestion for parents of “designer babies”? A．Invest more in genetic research. B．Accept their children as they are. C．Focus more on their children’s achievements. D．Seek professional help to shape their children. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过分析“设计婴儿”引发的家庭问题，探讨基因技术与家庭教育的伦理冲突，并提出倡导接纳孩子本真的观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“And some families are discovering that things don’t always work out as planned; The kids feel like walking science experiments; the parents are disappointed in how their children turned out.(一些家庭发现事情并不总是按计划进行；孩子们感觉自己像行走的科学实验品；父母对孩子的成长感到失望)”可知，作者强调“设计婴儿”给家庭带来的心理影响，包括孩子的自我认知偏差和父母的失望情绪。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“People who have children this way often place too much importance on genes while ignoring the environment.(通过这种方式生育孩子的人往往过于重视基因而忽视环境)”可知，这类家庭的共同问题是父母过于关注基因完美，将孩子视为可设计的“项目”而非独立个体。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段 “ When the kids struggle, it’s especially devastating. The child grows up feeling very different, knowing they were an experiment but not getting the proper support or acceptance they need to grow.(当孩子们陷入困境时，这尤其devastating。孩子在成长过程中会感觉自己与他人截然不同，他们知道自己是实验的产物，却无法获得成长所需的适当支持或接纳)”可知，父母对成就的过度重视导致孩子在受挫时受到严重伤害，所以猜测devastating意为“毁灭性的、有害的”，与D项Harmful一致。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“In my work, I help parents accept: This is the child you have. I help them make abstract concepts more concrete. Sometimes just explaining ‘you and your child are not the same person’ does the trick.(在我的工作中，我帮助父母接受一个事实：这就是你拥有的孩子。我帮助他们将抽象的概念变得更具体。有时，仅仅解释‘你和你的孩子不是同一个人’就能解决问题)”可推知，作者建议父母接受孩子的本真而非试图控制其基因或成长轨迹。故选B。 6. A growing number of companies are building humanoid robots, and these mechanical look-alikes are starting to appear in car factories and delivery places. Some businesses even promise robots for home use. Yet one big question still has no answer: Why bother? Why make a robot in a human shape when it could take any imaginable form? The usual answer is that humanoid robots could, in principle, handle any physical jobs a person can. But that “in principle” is doing a lot of heavy lifting. If you’ve watched videos of these robots, you’ll get it — they’re often clumsy, awkward machines. Sure, the technology helping them stand and move has come a long way, but they’re still not as quick or graceful as humans. Meanwhile, robots built for a single job — like an arm shifting goods between conveyor belts (传送带) — are now commonplace. Designed with one purpose, they do it really well, unlike humanoid robots, which aim to do everything but often master nothing. Another argument is that a human shape makes it easier for people to work with or control robots. This holds some water, especially since many of these machines still need skilled human operators. Companies often avoid admitting this, calling it a short-term phase, but the dream of fully independent, AI-powered humanoid robots — ones that match or beat human workers — remains a long shot. For now, what we’ve got are human-shaped shells guided by people behind the scenes. When Elon Musk introduced Tesla’s Optimus robot in 2021, he proudly claimed it could teach, babysit, walk dogs, fetch groceries, or pour drinks. Yet those robots weren’t AI-driven, and each was controlled by a hidden human. Notice a pattern? These tasks—low-wage, service-oriented jobs — suggest that, for now, humanoid robots just mask human effort with a shiny surface. Some remote-controlled robots serve real purposes, like in deep-sea exploration. But those machines aren’t shaped like humans — they look like capsules or small vehicles, and they work just fine. The idea that robots must be human-shaped is a failure of imagination. Yes, humanoid robots look impressive. They remind us of the fantasies in science fictions where machines handle all difficult tasks. But today, they are mostly marketing tools, masking human labor. And a robot that doesn’t truly improve life is missing the point. 1．What does the underlined phrase “holds some water” mean in paragraph 3? A．Provides sufficient evidence. B．Makes much sense. C．Is partly reasonable. D．Is widely accepted. 2．Why does the author mention Tesla’s Optimus robot? A．To prove humanoid robots are better. B．To highlight its impressive technology. C．To show it can replace human workers. D．To suggest it is in the charge of humans. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward humanoid robots? A．Skeptical. B．Optimistic. C．Neutral. D．Cautious. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．When Humanoid Robots Miss Potential B．How Humanoid Robots Miss Goals C．What Humanoid Robots Lack Now D．Why Humanoid Robots Fall Short 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人形机器人存在的问题及缺陷。 1．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Another argument is that a human shape makes it easier for people to work with or control robots.(另一种观点认为，人类的形态使人们更容易与机器人合作或控制机器人) ”以及划线单词所在的句子“especially since many of these machines still need skilled human operators.(尤其是考虑到许多这样的机器仍然需要熟练的人类操作员)”可知，另一种观点认为，人类的外形让人们更容易与机器人合作或控制机器人，特别是考虑到许多这样的机器仍然需要熟练的人类操作员，这有一定道理，因此，划线短语“holds some water”意思是“有一定道理”。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“When Elon Musk introduced Tesla’s Optimus robot in 2021, he proudly claimed it could teach, babysit, walk dogs, fetch groceries, or pour drinks. Yet those robots weren’t AI-driven, and each was controlled by a hidden human.(2021年，当埃隆·马斯克介绍特斯拉的Optimus机器人时，他自豪地宣称，它可以教学、照顾孩子、遛狗、取杂货或倒饮料。然而，这些机器人并不是人工智能驱动的，每个机器人都由一个隐藏的人控制)”可推知，作者提到特斯拉的Optimus机器人是为了表明它是由人类控制的。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yes, humanoid robots look impressive. They remind us of the fantasies in science fictions where machines handle all difficult tasks. But today, they are mostly marketing tools, masking human labor. And a robot that doesn’t truly improve life is missing the point.(是的，人形机器人看起来令人印象深刻。它们让我们想起科幻小说中的幻想，机器可以处理所有困难的任务。但在今天，它们大多是营销工具，掩盖了人类的劳动。一个不能真正改善生活的机器人是没有意义的)”可推知，作者对人形机器人持怀疑态度。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A growing number of companies are building humanoid robots, and these mechanical look-alikes are starting to appear in car factories and delivery places. Some businesses even promise robots for home use. Yet one big question still has no answer: Why bother? Why make a robot in a human shape when it could take any imaginable form?(越来越多的公司正在制造人形机器人，这些机械外观相似的机器人开始出现在汽车工厂和送货地点。一些企业甚至承诺将机器人用于家庭。然而，一个大问题仍然没有答案：为什么要费心呢？既然机器人可以采取任何想象的形式，为什么还要把它做成人的形状呢？)”以及结合全文可知，本文主要讨论了人形机器人虽然看起来令人印象深刻，但目前大多只是营销工具，掩盖了人类的劳动，并没有真正改善生活。文章分析了人们制造人形机器人的原因，并指出其存在的问题。可知，D选项“为什么人形机器人达不到预期”最符合文章标题。故选D。 7. In 1933, philosopher Bertrand Russell observed that “the fundamental cause of the trouble is that in the modern world the stupid are confident while the intelligent are full of doubt.” This insight remains relevant today, but the issue runs deeper: while most people recognize overconfidence in others, they rarely see it in themselves. This phenomenon, known as the Dunning-Kruger Effect, reveals that those with the least knowledge often overestimate their abilities, while the truly knowledgeable remain humble and open-minded. The internet exacerbates this problem. With endless access to information, people often mistake superficial understanding for professional knowledge, leading to overconfidence. Organizational psychologist Adam Grant addresses this in his book Think Again, urging readers to challenge and update their beliefs. Grant argues that we often adopt the mindsets of churchmen, lawyers, or politicians — defending our beliefs, attacking others’, or seeking approval — rather than seeking truth. To overcome this, Grant suggests separating our sense of self from fixed beliefs. Instead of sticking to beliefs, we should be open to revision. This scientific mindset encourages us to test ideas and update our understanding. Grant cites a study where entrepreneurs (企业家) trained in scientific thinking did better than their peers and achieved greater success, which highlights the value of open-mindedness and adaptability. In the final part of the book, Grant shows us how rethinking skills enhance political debates, teaching, and workplace innovation. Grant provides a host of illustrative examples, but my favorite is the example of a history teacher who gets her students to think like scientists by rewriting textbook chapters that failed to cover important historical events in sufficient depth. This is a far better approach than simply delivering a lecture and forcing students to review the information on a test. But of course, this book is not the final word on the topic, and Grant wouldn’t want it to be. As we gain better evidence and more experience, it’s our responsibility to continually renew our beliefs. As Russell said, “If you’re certain of anything, you’re certainly wrong, because nothing deserves absolute certainty.” 1．What problem do most people have? A．Decline in self-confidence. B．Concern about others’ doubts. C．Indifference to social problems. D．Unawareness of personal limitations. 2．What does the underlined word “exacerbates” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Creates. B．Fixes. C．Worsens. D．Prevents. 3．Which person could be an example in the final part of the book? A．A chef open to feedback. B．A scientist resistant to doubts. C．A doctor reliant on experience. D．A consumer blinded by brands. 4．Which of the following can be used to describe the book? A．Practical and conclusive. B．Insightful but not definitive. C．Informative and theoretical. D．Authoritative but not engaging. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过哲学家罗素的观点引出达克效应(Dunning-Kruger Effect)，探讨了人们普遍存在的认知偏差问题，并结合亚当·格兰特《重新思考》一书中的理论，提出培养科学思维和开放心态的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This insight remains relevant today, but the issue runs deeper: while most people recognize overconfidence in others, they rarely see it in themselves. This phenomenon, known as the Dunning-Kruger Effect, reveals that those with the least knowledge often overestimate their abilities, while the truly knowledgeable remain humble and open-minded.(这一观点在今天仍然适用，但问题更为深刻：虽然大多数人都能看到别人的过度自信，但他们很少看到自己的过度自信。这种现象被称为达克效应，它揭示了那些知识最少的人往往高估了自己的能力，而真正知识渊博的人则保持谦虚和开放)”可知，多数人问题在于无法意识到自身认知的局限性。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在部分“The internet exacerbates this problem. With endless access to information, people often mistake superficial understanding for professional knowledge, leading to overconfidence.(互联网……这个问题。在无限获取信息的条件下，人们常将浅薄的理解误认为专业知识，导致过度自信)”可知，互联网让人们可以无限获取信息，但人们常将从互联网获得的浅薄理解误认为是专业知识，导致过度自信，所以互联网让问题变得更严重，加剧了人们的认知偏差问题。所以“exacerbates”的意思是“加剧”，与“worsens”同义。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“In the final part of the book, Grant shows us how rethinking skills enhance political debates, teaching, and workplace innovation. Grant provides a host of illustrative examples, but my favorite is the example of a history teacher who gets her students to think like scientists by rewriting textbook chapters that failed to cover important historical events in sufficient depth. This is a far better approach than simply delivering a lecture and forcing students to review the information on a test.(在书的最后一部分，格兰特向我们展示了反思技能是如何增强政治辩论、教学和工作场所创新的。格兰特提供了许多说明性的例子，但我最喜欢的是一位历史老师的例子，她通过重写教科书中没有充分深入介绍重要历史事件的章节，让她的学生像科学家一样思考。这比简单的讲课和强迫学生复习考试内容要好得多)”可知，书中推崇的案例需体现开放思维与反思能力，只有A项“接受反馈的厨师”能以开放的心态对待顾客的反馈，并根据反馈来反思，符合这一特质。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据末段中“But of course, this book is not the final word on the topic, and Grant wouldn’t want it to be.(当然，这本书并非该话题的终极结论，格兰特也不希望如此)”可知，该书具有启发性但非定论，与B项“Insightful but not definitive(富有洞见但非绝对)”相符。故选B项。 8. Consider the hierarchy (层次) of needs proposed in 1943 by the psychologist Abraham Maslow. Maslow believed that people tend to focus on meeting their needs in a particular order of urgency. We start with survival needs such as food, shelter, and safety. Once these have been met, we turn our attention to social and emotional needs, such as love and belonging. Finally, we focus on higher-order needs such as self-actualization — in other words, looking for life’s meaning. Of these three levels, money is only truly helpful for the first. This is why economists often find that well-being doesn’t improve much once a person reaches the relatively humble financial means that meet those needs. The “middle needs” of love and belonging — family, friends, romance — can’t be met with money, and pursuing money with too much gusto can even result in unexpected consequences. Focusing too much on money is actively opposed to Maslow’s highest-level needs, because doing so can lead people into a trap that researchers call “financial contingency of self-worth,” which happens when a person’s self-esteem is conditional on his or her financial success. This might explain why stress levels are high both when money is tight and when people reach higher income levels. A 2018 survey conducted by LinkedIn found that stress at work falls when people earn more than $50,000, but then starts to rise significantly when people earn above $200,000. One reason for the stress among high earners is their neglect (忽略) of relationships, according to some researchers. Perhaps your parents always put a lot of pressure on you to succeed financially, or you tend to be insecure about your self-worth and rely a lot on social comparison. One way or another, you might be measuring yourself in money, and without realizing it, hoping that at some point you will be “expensive” enough to earn others’ love and respect. Your instincts (直觉) might be telling you to earn more, more, more in order to find peace and satisfaction. Your instincts are lying, and you could get much happier by reassessing your priorities. 1．What is the primary role of money according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? A．It ensures a sense of safety. B．It satisfies all levels of needs. C．It is crucial for self-actualization. D．It is most effective for basic survival needs. 2．What does “gusto” mean in paragraph 2? A．Resistance. B．Enthusiasm. C．Indifference. D．Hesitation. 3．Why might pursuing money excessively lead to stress even at higher income levels? A．It leads to a constant need for financial growth. B．It complicates financial choices for the wealthy. C．It may overshadow social and emotional bonds. D．It increases the pressure to maintain high income. 4．What is the author’s view on using money as a measure of self-worth? A．It’s a natural response. B．It’s a reasonable pursuit. C．It’s a notable misconception. D．It’s a temporary phase in personal growth. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了心理学家马斯洛的需求层次理论，以及金钱在满足人类需求中的作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“We start with survival needs such as food, shelter, and safety. Once these have been met, we turn our attention to social and emotional needs, such as love and belonging. Finally, we focus on higher-order needs such as self-actualization — in other words, looking for life’s meaning.(我们从生存需求开始，比如食物、住所和安全。一旦满足了这些需求，我们就会把注意力转向社会和情感需求，比如爱和归属感。最后，我们关注更高层次的需求，比如自我实现——换句话说，寻找生活的意义。)”以及第二段“Of these three levels, money is only truly helpful for the first. This is why economists often find that well-being doesn’t improve much once a person reaches the relatively humble financial means that meet those needs.(在这三个层面中，金钱只对第一个层面有真正的帮助。这就是为什么经济学家经常发现，一旦一个人达到了满足这些需求的相对微薄的经济手段，他的幸福感就不会有太大改善)”可知，这表明金钱对基本需求的满足最为有效，而对其他层次的需求帮助有限。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词下段“Focusing too much on money is actively opposed to Maslow’s highest-level needs, because doing so can lead people into a trap that researchers call “financial contingency of self-worth,” which happens when a person’s self-esteem is conditional on his or her financial success.(过于关注金钱与马斯洛的最高层次需求是背道而驰的，因为这样做会让人们陷入一个陷阱，研究人员称之为‘自我价值的经济偶然性’，当一个人的自尊取决于他或她的经济成功时，就会发生这种情况)”可知，上文应是提到过于关注金钱，从而引出本段内容，推知gusto是“热情”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This might explain why stress levels are high both when money is tight and when people reach higher income levels. A 2018 survey conducted by LinkedIn found that stress at work falls when people earn more than $50,000,but then starts to rise significantly when people earn above $200,000. One reason for the stress among high earners is their neglect (忽略) of relationships, according to some researchers.(这也许可以解释为什么当钱紧张时和人们达到较高收入水平时，压力水平都很高。领英在2018年进行的一项调查发现，当人们的收入超过5万美元时，工作压力会下降，但当人们的收入超过20万美元时，工作压力就会开始显著上升。一些研究人员称，高收入者压力大的一个原因是他们忽视了人际关系)”可知，过度追求金钱可能会导致人们忽视人际关系，从而影响他们的社会和情感需求。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“One way or another, you might be measuring yourself in money, and without realizing it, hoping that at some point you will be “expensive” enough to earn others’ love and respect. Your instincts (直觉) might be telling you to earn more, more, more in order to find peace and satisfaction. Your instincts are lying, and you could get much happier by reassessing your priorities.(不管怎样，你可能会用金钱来衡量自己，而没有意识到这一点，希望在某个时候你会‘昂贵’到足以赢得别人的爱和尊重。你的本能可能会告诉你，为了找到平静和满足，你应该赚得更多、更多、更多。你的直觉在说谎，你可以通过重新评估你的优先级而变得更快乐)”可知，将金钱作为衡量自我价值的标准是一种错误观念。作者认为这种观念是一种错误认识。故选C项。 9. Every day, you likely hear a new piece of advice. One suggestion you may hear is to “fake it until you make it”, especially if you’re starting something new, like a job. But is it really good advice? Fake it till you make it is an expression in which a person imitates (模仿) the confidence or skills they need to succeed in what they are doing in the hope that they will eventually feel real. Advocates of this idea say you can fake confidence and hope that, eventually, it will inspire real confidence. The best time to use this strategy may be when you’re trying to change your behavior to improve yourself. If you aim to boost your work productivity, you might draw inspiration from your more efficient colleagues. This way can help you learn strategies to enhance your performance. Similarly, in your personal life, striving to be more friendly and warm can initially feel awkward but will ultimately foster better relationships with those around you. Unfortunately, faking it till you make it doesn’t always bring sunshine, lollipops, and rainbows. It may not work when dealing with hard skills, assisting others, or faking who you are. For example, it is incredibly hard to fake technical skills and competence like software experience. It’s also hard to assist others if you lack understanding of the subject. Moreover, pretending to be someone you’re not or making false claims can be exposed. One study shows that it can snowball into imposter syndrome, which can arise when individuals feel their success is undeserved and fear being exposed as a fake. Unfortunately, faking it till you make it can exacerbate that syndrome, leading to avoidance and negative impacts on productivity and well-being. In conclusion, there is a difference between learning new behaviors and lying about your identity or skills. One can build you into a better worker or friend, but the latter can get you into trouble. “Fake it till you make it” can be a useful approach for some, while it can also contribute to imposter syndrome for others. 1．Why do some people adopt the strategy “fake it till you make it”? A．To criticize the behavior of others. B．To make others trust their abilities. C．To avoid taking on new challenges. D．To gain confidence through imitation. 2．In what type of situation might “fake it till you make it” be ineffective? A．When taking up a new hobby. B．When trying to stay focused in class. C．When teaching others computer skills. D．When socializing with your classmates. 3．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Worsen. B．Relieve. C．Prevent. D．Recognize. 4．What is the author’s main viewpoint on the strategy “fake it till you make it”? A．It can be positive or negative. B．It is a useful tool in our daily life. C．It is more harmful in the long run. D．It’s always good for personal growth. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨“假装成功直到真的成功”这一策略的有效性、适用场景及潜在问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fake it till you make it is an expression in which a person imitates the confidence or skills they need to succeed in what they are doing in the hope that they will eventually feel real. Advocates of this idea say you can fake confidence and hope that, eventually, it will inspire real confidence. (“假装成功直到真的成功”是指一个人模仿成功所需的自信或技能，希望最终能拥有真实的自信。这一理念的拥护者认为，人们可以通过假装自信，最终激发真正的自信)”可知，有些人采用这一策略是为了通过模仿获得自信。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It may not work when dealing with hard skills, assisting others, or faking who you are. For example, it is incredibly hard to fake technical skills and competence like software experience. It's also hard to assist others if you lack understanding of the subject. (在处理硬技能、帮助他人或伪装自我时，这一策略可能行不通。例如，很难伪造软件经验等技术技能和能力。如果你对某一主题缺乏了解，也很难帮助他人)”可知，在教授他人计算机技能，如硬技能时，该策略可能无效。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“One study shows that it can snowball into imposter syndrome, which can arise when individuals feel their success is undeserved and fear being exposed as a fake. Unfortunately, faking it till you make it can exacerbate that syndrome, leading to avoidance and negative impacts on productivity and well-being.(一项研究表明，这种情况可能会像滚雪球一样发展成冒名顶替综合征。当人们认为自己的成功名不副实，并害怕被当作冒牌货曝光时，这种综合征就会出现。不幸的是，“假装成功直到真的成功” 的做法可能会exacerbate这种综合征，导致人们产生回避心理，并对生产力和幸福感产生负面影响)”可知，画线词所在句承接前文“引发冒名顶替综合征”，导致人们产生回避心理，并对生产力和幸福感产生负面影响。由此可知，此处进一步说明该策略会“恶化”这一症状，所以，画线单词的意思与“恶化”意义相近。故选A项 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Fake it till you make it”can be a useful approach for some, while it can also contribute to imposter syndrome for others.”(“假装成功直到真的成功”对某些人来说是有用的方法，而对另一些人来说则可能引发冒名顶替综合征)可知，作者认为这一策略既有积极一面，也有消极影响，持客观辩证的态度。故选A项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $