专题03 阅读理解推断题（阅读技巧练）2026年高考英语阅读理解突破策略及押题

专题03 推断题 ( 策略分析 ) 推理判断题是高考阅读理解的核心题型，要求考生基于原文某一句或若干语句的表面文字信息，通过同义改写或综合归纳完成一步推理得出答案。解题需严格依托原文依据，既不能脱离文本无据推断，也不能超越表层信息进行多步推导。 该题型融合推理与判断双重能力，是考生失分率较高的题型之一，重点考查考生透过文字表象推测文章隐含意义、进行逻辑分析，以及对细节信息、作者态度与写作意图作出准确判断的能力。从近年高考命题趋势来看，推理判断题的考查占比持续上升，命题形式也从过去简单的 “对号入座” 式直接答题，转向通过同义 / 反义词转换、长难句解析等方式考查语言理解能力，整体难度较以往明显提升。 一、技巧思维导图 二、知识详解 知识点1 ：推理判断题分类 1.高频考点：隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。 2.低频考点：文章出处、文章结构、目标读者。 知识点2：推理判断题（客观）解题方法与技巧： A.段落推理1 主：读段落找关键句（推理分析）；辅：选项分析排除。 B.段落推理2 主：读段落抓段中心（中心挂钩）；辅：选项分析排除。 C.文章推理1 主：中心挂钩法；辅：选项分析排除。 D.文章推理2 主：关键句分析；辅：选项分析排除。 知识点3：推理判断题注意事项 1.内容与原文一致，通常要淘汰。如果题目是推断题，而某个选项的内容却与原文相同，那么这是与推断的含义相悖的，所以要淘汰。 2.推理的结论不要偏离文章的过远，一步推出的结论最理想。 3.不要脱离文章的主线，与文章的主基调相符的结论最可靠。无论哪种题型，无论考查的侧重点是主旨还是推断，他们都不可能脱离文章的基调而存在。 4.客观，不要受自己主观意愿驱使。做推断题要始终以原文为依托，紧紧地围绕原文展开推理，围绕原文来考虑对选项的取舍。 知识点4：错误原因总结 1. 主观臆断 2. 缺乏逻辑 3. 过度推理 4. 缺乏常识 三、选项特征 正确选项特征 解释 同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，成为正确选项 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。 语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。 词性或语态的变化 改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。 干扰项特征 解释 曲解文意 即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。 张冠李戴 即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起。题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。 偷梁换柱 干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。 无中生有 这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。 鱼目混珠 鱼目混珠类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在文章特定语境中的具体含义。 扩缩范围 为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定，有时通过加上almost, all, nearly, more than, normally, usually等词语对文意加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。 四、隐含推断类 锁定关键词： 根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论）, indicate（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速确定题型 解题指导： (1) 浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项 (2) 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断； (3) 整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。 例1： 2025年6月新高考1卷C篇 Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. ... 10. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 【详解】一、题型定位与核心要求 本题题干含“inferred”关键词，明确为隐含推断题。此类题型核心要求是：立足原文有效信息进行逻辑推导，既不能对原文内容简单重复，也不能脱离文本进行主观臆断，需精准把握“原文依据”与“合理推断”的关联。 二、解题步骤与推理过程 步骤1：定位题干相关原文信息 题干询问“20世纪60年代末至70年代澳大利亚的相关运动可推断出什么”，首先定位原文中与该运动直接相关的内容： 直接提及：“Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.”（类似的运动也在20世纪60年代末至70年代的澳大利亚发生），这里的“similar campaigns”需关联前文语境——前文提到简·雅各布斯发起运动，核心目的是反对为修建公路破坏社区公园，守护城市宜居性。 关键推理依据：紧接该句的转折句“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.”（尽管这些运动分布广泛，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新规划，道路上的汽车数量也在快速增长）。 步骤2：结合选项进行“原文匹配+逻辑推断” 根据推断题解题原则，先排除“无依据”“与原文矛盾”或“简单重复”的选项，再验证“合理推断”的选项： 选项A（They boosted the sales of cars. 它们推动了汽车销量增长）：原文仅提到“汽车数量快速增长”，但未提及“运动与汽车销量增长的因果关系”，属于“无中生有”的主观关联，直接排除。 选项B（They turned out largely ineffective. 它们最终基本无效）：结合原文转折逻辑——“尽管运动广泛开展（让步），但西方城市仍以汽车需求为核心规划，汽车数量持续增加（转折后的现实）”。运动的核心诉求是反对“以汽车为中心的城市改造”，而现实与诉求相悖，由此可逻辑推导出“运动未达到预期目标，基本无效”，该选项符合“原文依据+合理推断”。 选项C（They won government support. 它们获得了政府支持）：原文未提及政府对该运动的态度，既无“支持”的相关描述，也无政府响应运动诉求的证据，属于“无依据推断”，排除。 选项D（They advocated building new parks. 它们主张建设新公园）：前文明确运动的核心是“阻止公园被破坏”，而非“主张新建公园”，该选项属于对运动诉求的“偷换概念”，与原文信息矛盾，排除。 三、答案总结与解题关键 通过“定位核心依据句→分析转折逻辑→逐一排除错误选项”的过程，可确定唯一符合推断要求的选项为B。 五、观点态度类 锁定关键词： 根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude（态度），outstanding（ 优秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hopefully（有希望的）,against（反对）, in favor of（赞成）, 迅速确定题型。 解题指导： (1) 认真审题，明确“谁对谁”的态度，明确答题方向 (2) 关注段落首尾句，推断文章和段落主题，确定观点 (3) 注意作者或文中人物的措辞 (4) 分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点； (5) 牢记观点态度的常见词语 观点态度 例词 支持肯定 positive (积极的)、supportive (支持的)、optimistic (乐观的) humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(热情的)、pleasant (愉快的)； 中立 neutral (中立的)、objective(客观的)、not mentioned(未提及的)、 uninterested(不感兴趣的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)； 否定反对 negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(怀疑的)、disgusted(憎恶的) critical(批评的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不赞成的)。 例2：高考真题 In a follow-up study with 100 university students the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。 （1）定位关键句：最后一段 “Although the studies... have limitations... the potential implications... are enormous”。 （2）分析逻辑：作者先提及研究的局限性，转折后强调其对小组讨论和决策的 “潜在影响巨大”。 （3）匹配态度词：“enormous（巨大的）” 体现正面评价，对应 “支持肯定” 类态度词 Approving。 六、写作意图类 锁定关键词： 根据题干关键词purpose（目的），intend to（打算），want to tell us ...（想要告诉我们），write this passage to（写这篇文章为了）迅速确定题型。 解题指导： (1) 根据文章或段落主旨推断作者写作意图； (2) 根据文体推断写作意图 记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（to tell a story, to entertain readers, to share an experience...）； 应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（to sell, to attract, to persuade, to promote...） 说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（to introduce, to explain, to inform, to make comparisons...）； 议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。 例3：2025年6月新高考2卷C篇 If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 10. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 【10题详解】 1. 定位类比逻辑：Detrinidad将“医生行医、律师执业”与“养护植物”类比，核心共性是“都需要反复实践（practice）”。 2. 抓关键补充说明：后文明确“养植物是耐心与学习的过程，枯萎了就再养新的”，进一步强化“允许尝试、持续努力”的核心意图。 3. 匹配选项：类比案例及后续解释均指向“重复努力的重要性”，与选项C完全契合。 干扰项排除： A（社交技能）：文中未提及“社交”相关内容，无依据。 B（可持续性的意义）：重点是“反复尝试”而非“长期维持单一植物”，偏离核心。 D（专业意见的价值）：提及医生、律师是为类比“实践”，而非强调其“专业意见”，理解偏差。 七、文章出处或写作对象类 锁定关键词： 根据设题方式迅速确定题型: This passage would be most likely to be found in ． The passage is probably taken from ． Where does this text probably come from? Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from? The text is intended for ． 解题指导： (1) 根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象 (2) 根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题 广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点； 报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主； 杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活； 产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍； 药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等； 网络：文体不限，找到click here，download，up­load，link，mouse, surf等网络标志 例4：高考真题 Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. 8. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。第一步，锁定文章核心线索，首段明确提及“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers”，并介绍其核心内容是展示与书籍相关的近三百件艺术品；第二段以“In this ‘book of books’”承接，直接指向“书籍”这一载体。第二步，分析选项匹配度：B项“写作艺术散文”未涉及“写作”相关内容，排除；C项“博物馆指南”未提及博物馆参观指引等信息，排除；D项“现代绘画评论”核心是“评论画作”，而文章重点是介绍包含艺术品的特定书籍，排除。第三步，结合出处判断逻辑，文章围绕某一特定书籍的主题、内容编排展开，符合“书籍引言”的特征，因此最可能出自一本书的引言。故选A。 例5：高考真题 Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. 21．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A textbook. B．An exam paper. C．A course plan. D．An academic article. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。第一步，抓文本核心定位属性，文章标题直接点明“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature（文学概论课程评分办法）”，核心内容聚焦该课程的评分标准——明确了分数等级划分，以及四篇课程论文在总成绩中的占比分配，全程围绕“某一课程的评分规则”展开。第二步，逐一排除干扰选项：A项“教科书”以系统传授学科知识为核心，本文仅讲评分政策，无学科知识点讲解，排除；B项“试卷”会包含题目、答题区域等考试相关元素，文本未涉及任何试题内容，排除；D项“学术文章”需具备明确的研究主题、论证过程和学术观点，本文是规则说明类文本，无学术探讨属性，排除。第三步，匹配选项核心特征，“课程计划”（C项）的核心功能是明确课程的考核方式、评分标准等教学安排，与本文内容高度契合，因此文本最可能出自课程计划。故选C项。 ( 真题 演练 ) 1. 2025年6月新高考1卷C篇 While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 8. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 10. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。 D Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 12. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 14. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 2. 2025年6月新高考2卷 C If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 10. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。 D Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 12. What can be inferred about the author’s early life? A. He witnessed food shortage. B. He enjoyed the local cuisine. C. He donated food to Africans. D. He helped to cook at home. 15. What can we learn about wastED? A. It has ended as planned. B. It is creating new jobs. C. It has regained popularity. D. It is criticized by top chefs. 【答案】12. A 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. (这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历 —— 在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)” 可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收获了热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知，wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故选A。 3. 2025年6月北京卷B篇 Even my failures are attached to a feeling of success; after I take a step back and look at the big picture, I see them as a launching pad (平台) for my next big achievement. In the ninth grade, I went in for my first group interview for a leadership position as a shy girl. Not standing a chance against competitive applicants, I came out of the interview with an upset look. Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted opportunity. I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself. This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I 26. Which would best describe the author’s first group interview? A. Dignifying. B. Rewarding. C. Engaging. D. Relaxing. 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted opportunity. I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself. (然而，这次面试并不是一次浪费的机会。我和一位高年级的申请者交谈，她回答问题的方式反映了她对自己的信心。)”以及最后一段中“This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. Ultimately, success came little by little. (今年，我带着开放的心态和新的知识，再次走进集体面试的现场，告诉自己我就是那位自信满满的高年级学生。最终，我成功获得了一个领导职位。成功，就这样一点点地向我走来。)”可知，作者认为第一次面试是有收获的，因为它让作者从中学到了东西，并影响了她后来的面试表现。故选B。 C Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (翻屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way — just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. 28. How did the author feel about his daughter’s argument? A. Excited. B. Inspired. C. Energized. D. Relieved. 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. (虽然我女儿没有赢，但她确实帮助揭露了我曾经给出的最糟糕的建议之一。)” 以及后文作者对社会比较的重新思考可知，作者从女儿的争论中得到了启发。故选B。 D The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story. Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on I January are more effective for this reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运). 31. What can be inferred about personal stories? A. They are unrelated to health. B. Consistent ones lead to stress. C. They are relevant to happiness. D. Thematic ones hold back change. 32. What can we learn from this passage? A. Talking about gains from failure is negative. B. New Year resolutions are well received. C. The West tends to overvalue optimism. D. Social roles fail to be highlighted. 33. What does the author mainly do in this passage? A. Clarify a goal. B. Analyse an event. C. Make a comparison. D. Illustrate an approach. 【答案】31. C 32. C 33. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系及如何改变个人故事。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. (拥有更一致故事的人往往有更强的身份认同感，他们觉得自己的生活更有意义、更有方向、更有目标感。这样的人总体上对生活的满意度也更高。)”可知，个人故事与幸福感相关。故选C。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. (她说，西方文化已经促使人们在每一片乌云背后寻找一线希望。)”可知，西方倾向于过度重视乐观主义。故选C。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”和第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可知，文章主要阐述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系，并举例说明了如何通过改变个人故事来影响自我认同和幸福感，因此作者主要是在阐述一种方法。故选D。 4.2025年1月浙江卷B When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’ re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 24. What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A. She is upset by her kids’ weight. B. She is critical of the way she was fed. C. She is interested in making food. D. She is particular about what she eats. 27. What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A. Costly. B. Complex. C. Workable. D. Contradictory. 24. B 推理判断题题。根据第一段内容，作者提到 “It really messed up my relationship with food” 可知，她对自己小时候接受的饮食方式持批评态度，故选B项。 27. C 推理判断题。最后一段首句作者在文中提到 “I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions” 可知，这些策略是有效的，故选C项。 5.2025年1月八省联考B Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods. just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns（草坪） to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. In many communities, that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine, greetIng cards, social security checks, college acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailboxes in front of the houses. 24. What do we know about Jim Johnson from the first paragraph? A. He's open-minded. B. He's sharp-eyed. C. He's warm-hearted. D. He's strong-willed. 本文讲述了一位深受社区居民爱戴的邮递员Jim Johnson的工作经历和他退休时的感人故事，展现了邮递员与社区之间的深厚纽带。 24. C 细节理解题。由第一段中的“he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball”可知，Jim不仅仅是送信，还热心帮助邻居做其他事情，比如搬运杂货、注意安全问题、提供园艺建议等，这表明他是一位热心的人。故选C项。 6.2025年1月八省联考D According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why? That's one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. 35. What might the author's marathon running prove? A. The findings of the study are reliable. B. Long-distance runners are often smart. C. Studies on the marathon are not enough. D. Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. 本文介绍了一项研究，探索了运动与学习之间的关系，特别是运动对记忆力的影响以及何时运动可以最大化地帮助学习。 35. D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout”可推测，作者用自己的经验表明剧烈运动可能不会让大脑变得更敏锐。故选D项。 7.2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷B Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。 8.2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷D In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 【32题详解】 推断题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。 9.2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷C We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 8. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 10. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。 10.2024年6月新课标全国甲卷C The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers — it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村) populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 9. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 11. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。 【9题详解】 推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。 【11题详解】 推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。 ( 押题 演练 ) 1. Teenagers who have close, secure relationships with their families are more likely to extend empathy (同理心) to their peers, according to a new study. The study, conducted at the University of Virginia’s Adolescent Research Group, followed 174 adolescents from the ages of 14 to 18 to track their progress annually. At age 14, researchers interviewed the teens regarding their family relationships using a modified version of the Adult Attachment Interview, which is considered the “gold standard” of assessing one’s attachment state of mind. Jessica Stern, lead author of the study, said this motivated the teens to share descriptions and stories about their families. Researchers paid attention to not only what the teens said but also how they expressed it. After these initial interviews, researchers went back to the participants at ages 16, 17 and 18 and observed their interactions with a close friend. The researchers noted how the participants responded when their friend presented a problem and revealed it to them, assessing the participants’ extension of empathy. Teens who had more secure family relationships showed higher empathy toward their friends at ages 16 and 17 than less secure teens. It’s not all bad news, though, because the less secure teens “caught up” in their empathic behavior by age 18. This is cause for hope, Stern said, because it may indicate that those empathic skills can develop over time for adolescents who don’t have great relationships at home. Having strong friendships or a trusted teacher might make an impact on insecure teens’ empathy. More research is being conducted on this particular group of participants, who are now in their mid-30s. The researchers are interested in seeing how the empathic abilities they examined in the teens now shape their romantic relationships and parenting behavior as adults. Being able    to pick up on other people’s emotions and see from their point of view is important “for a variety of other things that we consider success in the world,” Stern said. For parents and even teachers, Stern advises understanding the necessity of empathy and really investing in relationships with teens. Providing models of empathic behavior, including treating others with kindness, respect and support, can help adolescents internalize that behavior. 1．What do we know about the research? A．It was a long-term study. B．It revealed gender differences. C．It involved big data analysis. D．It explored problem-solving strategies. 2．What can be inferred about the less secure teens during the study? A．They showed a decline in empathy. B．They became more eager for empathy. C．They maintained consistent levels of empathy. D．They initially struggled but improved in empathy. 3．What would help adolescents develop empathy according to the last paragraph? A．Demonstrating empathy in action. B．Rewarding their progress in empathy. C．Engaging them in classroom discussions. D．Monitoring their interpersonal relationships. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The power of empathy for future success. B．Teenagers’ empathy linked to family bonds. C．The impact of friendship on adolescent empathy. D．Attachment theory and teens’ empathy development. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明家庭关系紧密稳固的青少年更具同理心，且部分青少年同理心可随时间发展，还强调了培养青少年同理心的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The study, conducted at the University of Virginia’s Adolescent Research Group, followed 174 adolescents from the ages of 14 to 18 to track their progress annually.(这项由弗吉尼亚大学青少年研究小组进行的研究，跟踪了 174 名年龄在 14 岁至 18 岁之间的青少年，并每年追踪他们的进展情况。)”以及第四段第一句“More research is being conducted on this particular group of participants, who are now in their mid-30s.(目前正在对这一特定的参与者群体进行更多的研究，他们现在都已步入30多岁。)”可知，这项研究从青少年时期一直持续到他们30多岁，是一项长期的研究。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Teens who had more secure family relationships showed higher empathy toward their friends at ages 16 and 17 than less secure teens.(与家庭关系不太稳固的青少年相比，在16岁和17岁时，家庭关系更稳固的青少年对朋友表现出更高的同理心。)”以及第四句“It’s not all bad news, though, because the less secure teens ‘caught up’ in their empathic behavior by age 18.(不过，这也不全是坏消息，因为到18岁时，家庭关系不太稳固的青少年在同理心行为方面‘赶上了’。)”可知，家庭关系不太稳固的青少年一开始在同理心方面表现不如家庭关系稳固的青少年，但到18岁时有所改善。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Providing models of empathic behavior, including treating others with kindness, respect and support, can help adolescents internalize that behavior.(提供同理心行为的榜样，包括以友善、尊重和支持的态度对待他人，可以帮助青少年将这种行为内化。)”可知，通过实际行动展示同理心有助于青少年发展同理心。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Teenagers who have close, secure relationships with their families are more likely to extend empathy (同理心) to their peers, according to a new study.(一项新的研究表明，与家人关系亲密、稳固的青少年更有可能对同龄人表现出同理心。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了青少年的同理心与家庭关系之间的联系。所以B选项Teenagers’ empathy linked to family bonds(青少年的同理心与家庭纽带相关) 符合文意。故选B项。 2. The boom of artificial intelligence has sparked a wave of new possibilities, but it’s also causing fears among many Americans about their jobs. Recent surveys indicate growing public anxiety, with 51% of Americans expressing concern that AI might replace human jobs, which reflects the groundbreaking power of AI across various industries. Research highlights notable differences in perception between experts and the general public. While 73% of respondents believe cashier positions will decline due to AI, and 67% anticipate reductions in factory jobs, opinions vary sharply regarding truck drivers. Only 33% of the public foresees job losses in this sector, compared to 62% of Al experts who predict substantial impacts. This gap suggests that the public may underestimate Al's potential to disrupt certain professions. A crucial distinction exists between traditional automation and modern Al capabilities. As Molly Kinder from the Brookings Institution says, some of these opinions are confusing old automation with what generative AI can do. “Generative AI is not your grandparents’ automation. It’s moving up the skill chain... in ways I don’t think the public is fully aware of.” Unlike earlier technologies that primarily affected manufacturing, contemporary AI can perform complex cognitive tasks such as document analysis, legal research, and financial forecasting — functions traditionally associated with white-collar professionals. Studies identify several vulnerable sectors, including office administration, legal services, and financial operations. However, researchers caution against simplistic predictions of job elimination (淘汰). Mark Muro, co-author of a Brookings report, notes, “AI is more likely to transform jobs than replace them entirely.” This perspective suggests that while certain tasks may be automated, new opportunities for human-AI collaboration may emerge. The adoption of AI has been slower than expected in regulated fields like healthcare and law, where human judgment remains crucial. Nevertheless, as MIT professor Eric So observes, “AI’s capabilities are evolving at an unprecedented pace.” From basic chatbots to sophisticated decision-making systems, AI continues to reshape the workplace, creating both challenges and possibilities that society must carefully navigate. 1．Which profession shows the largest difference in perception? A．Cashiers. B．Truck drivers. C．Factory workers. D．Legal professionals. 2．What does Molly Kinder emphasize about generative AI? A．It is limited to simple repetitive tasks. B．It primarily affects manufacturing jobs. C．It can perform complex cognitive tasks. D．It has been widely adopted in healthcare. 3．What is Mark Muro’s view on AI's impact on jobs? A．AI will create more jobs than it eliminates. B．AI is likely to shift rather than replace jobs. C．AI will completely replace human workers. D．AI will have no significant impact on employment. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the development of AI? A．Objective. B．Supportive. C．Dismissive. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能的兴起引发新可能的同时也让美国人担忧工作，介绍了公众和专家对不同职业受影响的看法差异，还分析了人工智能对工作的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“While 73% of respondents believe cashier positions will decline due to AI, and 67% anticipate reductions in factory jobs, opinions vary sharply regarding truck drivers. Only 33% of the public foresees job losses in this sector, compared to 62% of AI experts who predict substantial impacts.(虽然73%的受访者认为收银员职位会因人工智能而减少，67%的人预计工厂职位会减少，但在卡车司机方面，人们的看法差异很大。只有33%的公众预计该行业会出现失业，而62%的人工智能专家预测会有重大影响)”可知，在收银员、工厂工人、卡车司机这几个职业中，公众和专家对卡车司机岗位的看法差异最大。文中未提及法律专业人员在这方面的看法差异情况。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unlike earlier technologies that primarily affected manufacturing, contemporary AI can perform complex cognitive tasks such as document analysis, legal research, and financial forecasting — functions traditionally associated with white-collar professionals.(与主要影响制造业的早期技术不同，当代人工智能可以执行复杂的认知任务，如文档分析、法律研究和财务预测——这些功能传统上与白领专业人员相关联)”可知，Molly Kinder强调生成式人工智能可以执行复杂的认知任务。 故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Mark Muro, co-author of a Brookings report, notes, “AI is more likely to transform jobs than replace them entirely.” (布鲁金斯学会报告的合著者Mark Muro指出：“人工智能更有可能改变工作，而不是完全取代它们。”)”可知，Mark Muro认为人工智能更有可能改变工作，而不是完全取代它们，即人工智能可能会转移而不取代工作。故选B。 4．推理判断题。文章在第一段中“The boom of artificial intelligence has sparked a wave of new possibilities, but it’s also causing fears among many Americans about their jobs. (人工智能的蓬勃发展引发了一系列新的可能性，但也在许多美国人中引发了对工作的担忧)”提到人工智能带来新机遇的同时也带来了担忧；在第四段中“Mark Muro, co-author of a Brookings report, notes, “AI is more likely to transform jobs than replace them entirely.” (布鲁金斯学会报告的合著者Mark Muro指出：“人工智能更有可能改变工作，而不是完全取代它们。”)”和最后一段中“From basic chatbots to sophisticated decision-making systems, AI continues to reshape the workplace, creating both challenges and possibilities that society must carefully navigate. (从基本的聊天机器人到复杂的决策系统，人工智能继续重塑工作场所，创造了社会必须谨慎应对的挑战和可能性)”提到人工智能的发展带来挑战和机遇。作者在文中既提及人工智能的积极影响，也提到其带来的问题，客观地呈现了人工智能发展带来的挑战和机遇。由此可推断作者对人工智能发展的态度是客观的。故选A。 3. London-based startup Brilliant Planet has rented 6,100 hectares of land in southern Morocco, situated between the Atlantc Ocean and the Sahara. And it’s using it to grow algae (藻类), which absorbs atmospheric carbon dioxide and sends out oxygen. Brilliant Planet’s CEO Adam Taylor says the company has developed a way to grow algae at extreme rates starting in a glass cup in a lab and ending in 12,000-square-meter pools of locally-sourced seawater. The algae is obtained from the water then pumped up a 10-story tower and sprayed into the desert air. In the 30 seconds or so it takes to reach the ground, hot air dries the biomass (生物质) out, leaving hypersaline (超盐的) algae pieces which can be collected and shallow buried, sequestering (使隔绝) their carbon for thousands of years. “Nature-based solutions are a great way of removing carbon,” Taylor said. “Deserts are an underused environment. It does not cost a lot of money to rent the desert. What’s more, you’re not competing with farms or forests. You’re out of the way, not bothering people.” Taylor claims that Brilliant Planet’s solution can permanently remove 30 times more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere per hectare per year than a typical European forest. Brilliant Planet’s goal is to remove one million metric tons of carbon dioxide per year by the end of the decade.“Globally, we’ve identified about half a million square kilometers of flat desert-ocean land where it works,” Taylor said, adding that the company hopes to set up in Namibia next. Fatna Ikrame El Fanne, an environmental engineer, described the use of algae as “a new and promising strategy” that “is a typical example of innovative use of natural process to address an urgent global issue.” Nevertheless, she expressed caution. “Microalgae production on a large scale might damage local ecosystems, lead to overuse of water resources, and change habitats,” she said. There’s an acknowledgement that one company can’t do it all — and can’t go it alone. “We are part of a group of probably 40 to 50 wonderful ideas of how people can remove carbon from the atmosphere,” Taylor said, calling for “a Manhattan Project-type attitude” to tackling carbon capture. Whether algae is the solution the world needs remains to be seen. But the idea’s growing on people. 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Brilliant Planet? A．Its establishment of an algae plant. B．Its method of growing algae. C．Its process of carbon capture. D．Its daily routine in the desert. 2．What advantage did Taylor highlight about using deserts for carbon removal? A．Huge profits. B．High temperature. C．No occupation of rich land. D．No biodiversity concerns. 3．What can be inferred about the use of algae from El Fanne’s words? A．It needs improving. B．It is highly efficient. C．It is not worth promoting. D．It is commercially developed. 4．Why is “a Manhattan Project- type attitude” mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To highlight the challenges of carbon removal. B．To recognize the contributions of Brilliant Planet. C．To prove the effectiveness of nature-based solutions. D．To emphasize the necessity of joint efforts. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了总部位于伦敦的创业公司Brilliant Planet在摩洛哥南部租用了6100公顷的土地，用它来种植藻类，藻类吸收大气中的二氧化碳并释放氧气。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The algae is obtained from the water then pumped up a 10-story tower and sprayed into the desert air. In the 30 seconds or so it takes to reach the ground, hot air dries the biomass (生物质) out, leaving hypersaline (超盐的) algae pieces which can be collected and shallow buried, sequestering (使隔绝) their carbon for thousands of years.(从水中提取藻类，然后泵入一座10层楼高的塔，喷洒到沙漠的空气中。在到达地面的30秒左右的时间里，热空气将生物质干燥，留下高盐分的藻类碎片，这些藻类可以被收集并浅埋，将它们的碳封存数千年)”可知，本段在介绍利用海藻吸收二氧化碳的过程。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Deserts are an underused environment. It does not cost a lot of money to rent the desert. What’s more, you’re not competing with farms or forests. You’re out of the way, not bothering people.(沙漠是一个未被充分利用的环境。租用沙漠并不需要花很多钱。更重要的是，你不会与农场或森林竞争。你不碍事，不打扰别人)”可知，泰勒强调了利用沙漠去除碳的优势是不占用肥沃的土地。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Nevertheless, she expressed caution. “Microalgae production on a large scale might damage local ecosystems, lead to overuse of water resources, and change habitats,” she said.”(然而，她表示谨慎。她说：“微藻的大规模生产可能会破坏当地的生态系统，导致水资源的过度使用，并改变栖息地”)”可知，使用海藻的方法仍需要改进。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There’s an acknowledgement that one company can’t do it all —  and can’t go it alone.“We are part of a group of probably 40 to 50 wonderful ideas of how people can remove carbon from the atmosphere,” Taylor said, calling for “a Manhattan Project-type attitude” to tackling carbon capture.(人们承认，一家公司不可能包揽一切，也不可能单打独斗。泰勒说：“我们是一群关于人们如何从大气中去除碳的40到50个奇妙想法的一部分。”他呼吁以“曼哈顿计划式的态度”来解决碳捕获问题。)”可知，最后一段提到了“曼哈顿计划式的态度”是为了强调共同努力的必要性。故选D项。 4. Eating a plant-based diet has been shown to be very good for your heart and your overall health. In fact, a previous study found a young person could live an additional 13 years by eating more vegetables and legumes (豆类), as well as whole grains, fruit and nuts. The findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400,000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition are rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time. “Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (心血管疾病),” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement. While the study found eating raw veggies could protect against heart disease, cooked vegetables did not. Any benefit went away when researchers factored in lifestyle factors such as physical activity, educational level, smoking, drinking, fruit intake, red and processed meat consumption, and use of mineral and vitamin supplements. “Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差)… related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle,” Feng said. Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion. “Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn’t associated with a lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account, that doesn’t mean we should stop eating vegetables,” said Victoria Taylor, a senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, in a statement. “The results are not surprising. Picking out one single component and assuming just adding it to the diet, e.g., vegetables, is not likely to result in the desired effect,” Alice Lichtenstein, director and senior scientist at Tufts University’s Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, told CNN in an email. “One thing that has become clear over the past decade is that we should not be looking at single foods or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein. 1．What can we learn from the new study led by Feng? A．It followed a young UK person for 13 years. B．Its findings came as no surprise to other people. C．It overturned the conclusion of previous studies. D．Its purpose was to find the right vegetables for people. 2．What did Feng imply about vegetables’ protective effect? A．It was totally made up by some researchers. B．It still held true despite some different findings. C．It could only be achieved by living a healthy lifestyle. D．It was a misconception caused by differences in people. 3．What does the underlined phrase “take exception to” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Voice objections to. B．Add details to. C．Show respect for. D．Take notice of. 4．What did Lichtenstein think of the study? A．It was groundbreaking. B．It was one-sided. C．It was demanding. D．It was authoritative. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究推翻传统认知，指出蔬菜摄入对心脏病的保护作用可能源于社会经济因素等混杂变量，但营养学家强调应关注整体饮食模式而非单一食物成分。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Eating a plant-based diet has been shown to be very good for your heart and your overall health. (研究表明，植物性饮食对心脏和整体健康非常有益)”和第二段“The findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400,000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition are rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time. (周一发表在《营养学前沿》期刊上的一项针对近40万英国成年人饮食的新研究得出了令人震惊的结论：长期食用蔬菜，尤其是熟制蔬菜，并不能降低患心脏病的风险)”可知，以往研究认为植物性饮食有益健康，但新研究发现蔬菜摄入与心血管疾病风险降低无显著关联，这推翻了先前研究的结论。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段中Feng所说的话“Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差)… related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle (相反，我们的分析表明，蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病风险看似存在的保护作用，很可能是由社会经济地位和生活方式差异造成的偏差所致)”可知，他认为保护作用可能并不源自蔬菜摄入，而是社会经济地位和生活方式差异。因此，他是在暗示，这是由于人群差异导致的误解。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. (先别急着庆祝，讨厌蔬菜的朋友们)”和下文“Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn’t associated with a lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account, that doesn’t mean we should stop eating vegetables (尽管这项研究发现，在综合考虑其他生活方式和其他因素后，多吃蔬菜与降低心脏和循环系统疾病风险并无关联，但这并不意味着我们就应该停止食用蔬菜)”可知，这一新研究的结论并非完全可信，专家对其进行了反驳。因此，画线短语意思应该是“反对，提出异议”，与Voice objections to“提出反对意见”意思一致。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Lichtenstein所说的话“One thing that has become clear over the past decade is that we should not be looking at single foods or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern (过去十年的研究已经明确表明：我们不应只关注单一食物或营养成分，而应该着眼于整体饮食模式)”可推知，Lichtenstein认为这一新研究仅关注单一食物或营养成分，有其局限性，是片面的。故选B项。 5. A psychological concept called “false consensus effect” helps explain why kind people sometimes harm the environment. In psychology, the false consensus effect is a cognitive bias (偏见) where a person tends to overestimate how much other people agree with him or her. There is a tendency for people to assume that their own improper habits or acts are “normal”. And most importantly, they believe others think the same way that they do. Put simply, if you’re doing something (even if you secretly know you probably shouldn’t), you’re more likely to think plenty of other people do it too. This bias allows people to justify socially unacceptable or illegal behaviors. Researchers have observed the false consensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting. More recently, conservationists are beginning to reveal how this effect contributes to environmental damage. In Australia, people who admitted poaching, a way of fishing in no-take zones, thought it was much more common in society than it really was. They also believed others viewed it as socially acceptable. However, in reality, more than 90% of fishers held the opposite view. Just as concepts from psychology can help explain some forms of environmental damage, so can they help address it. For example, research shows people are more likely to litter in areas where there’s already a lot of trash scattered around, so making sure the ground around a bin is clean may help. Factual information on how other people think and behave can be very powerful. Electricity companies have substantially reduced household energy use simply by showing people how their electricity use compares to that of their neighbors. Encouragingly, stimulating people’s natural desire for status has also been successful in getting people to publicly buy eco-friendly products. 1．Which example best illustrates “false consensus effect”? A．A driver thinks illegal parking is common. B．A blogger assumes many people dislike his posts. C．A student figures most people spend long hours online. D．A smoker believes people generally approve of smoking. 2．What was most Australian fishers’ attitude to poaching? A．Unacceptable. B．Widespread. C．Controversial. D．Complex. 3．How have electricity companies reduced energy consumption? A．By comparing power consumption.            C． By offering financial rewards. B．By doing round-the-clock monitoring.        D．By promoting renewable energy. 4．What is the primary purpose of this article? A．To encourage people to reduce energy consumption. B．To link a psychological concept to environmental issues. C．To emphasize the importance of environmental protection. D．To describe different types of environmentally harmful behaviors. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是“虚假共识效应”，并说明可以通过这一效应背后的心理学原理来实施社会规范，从而鼓励和推广环境友好行为。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段 “A psychological concept called “false consensus effect” helps explain why kind people sometimes harm the environment. In psychology, the false consensus effect is a cognitive bias(偏见) where a person tends to overestimate how much other people agree with him or her. There is a tendency for people to assume that their own improper habits or acts are “normal”. And most importantly, they think others think the same way that they do. Put simply, if you’re doing something (even if you secretly know you probably shouldn’t), you’re more likely to think plenty of other people do it too. (心理学中有一个概念，可以解释为什么好人会做出伤害环境的事情：虚假共识效应。在心理学中，虚假共识效应是一种认知偏见，一个人往往会高估其他人对他的认同程度。人们倾向于认为自己不正确的习惯或者行为是“正常的”，并且最重要的是，其他人也会以同样的方式思考。简单来说，如果你在做某件事（即使你内心知道你可能不应该做），你更有可能认为很多人也会这么做)”可知，虚假共识效应包括主体人的错误行为，并且高估自己的行为在社会上的可接受性和普遍性。A、B、C选项只包括了主体人的看法，没有描述他们自身的错误的行为，D选项“吸烟者认为人们普遍赞成吸烟”中吸烟是错误行为，并且这个吸烟者还高估了社会对吸烟的看法，这就是虚假共识效应的一个典型例子。故选D。 2．推理判断题。据文章第二段“In Australia, people who admitted poaching, a way of fishing in no-take zones, thought it was much more common in society than it really was. They also believed others viewed it as socially acceptable. However, in reality, more than 90% of fishers held the opposite view. (在澳大利亚，那些承认在禁渔区捕鱼的人认为这种行为在社会上比实际情况要普遍得多。他们还认为其他人也觉得这种行为是可以接受的。然而，实际上，超过90%的渔民持相反观点)”可知，大多数澳大利亚渔民认为偷猎是不可接受的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Electricity companies have substantially reduced household energy use simply by showing people how their electricity use compares to their neighbors. (电力公司仅仅通过向人们展示他们的用电量与邻居相比情况如何，就大幅降低了家庭用电量)” 可知，电力公司是通过比较社区内家庭的用电量来有效降低能源消耗的，故选A。 4．推理判断题。文章开篇介绍了 “虚假共识效应” 这一心理学概念，接着阐述了这一概念如何导致环境破坏，随后举例说明心理学概念不仅能解释环境破坏，还能帮助解决环境问题，最后强调社会规范在鼓励和普及环保行为方面的强大作用。由此可知，文章的主要目的是将心理学概念与环境问题及解决方案联系起来，B 选项 “将一个心理学概念与环境问题联系起来” 为短文的写作目的。故选B。 6. Last semester, I was extremely excited about a big science project in my school. I had spent weeks researching, planning, and conducting experiments, believing that my hard work would surely lead to a great result. However, when the results were announced, I was devastated. My project didn’t even make it to the shortlist. At first, I was filled with self-doubt and disappointment. I questioned all my efforts and wondered if it was all in vain. But as I took some time to reflect, I began to see the failure in a different light. Failure, I realized, is not the end but a valuable teacher. It forced me to analyze my project thoroughly. I found that there were flaws in my experimental design and some key aspects that I had overlooked. This self-awareness was crucial. It taught me to be more careful and thorough in my future endeavors. History is filled with examples of great people who failed before achieving success. Thomas Edison failed thousands of times before inventing the light bulb. Each failure was a step forward for him, helping him to get rid of what didn’t work and focus on what did. His story shows that failure is a stepping-stone to success. Failure also builds resilience. When we face failure and overcome the initial shock and disappointment, we become stronger mentally. We learn to bounce back from setbacks, which is an essential skill in life In the end, that failed science project was not a disaster but a blessing in disguise. It taught me more than I could have learned from a successful outcome. It made me a better learner and a more determined person. 1．How did the author feel when his science project failed? A．Proud. B．Angry. C．Disappointed. D．Indifferent. 2．What did the author find after reflecting on the failure? A．His hard work was totally wasted. B．He had made some mistakes in his project. C．The judges were unfair to him. D．His project was actually very good. 3．What can we infer from Thomas Edison’s story? A．Success comes easily without failure. B．Failure is always a negative thing. C．We should be afraid of failure. D．Failure can lead to success. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The process of a science project. B．The importance of success in life. C．The value and lessons we can learn from failure. D．How to avoid failure in projects. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕作者在学校的一个大型科学项目失败的经历展开，描述了失败后的自我怀疑和失望情绪，阐述了失败的价值和意义。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“However, when the results were announced, I was devastated. My project didn’t even make it to the shortlist.(然而，当结果公布时，我感到万分沮丧。我的项目甚至都没能进入入围名单。)”以及第二段中“At first, I was filled with self-doubt and disappointment.(起初，起初，我充满了自我怀疑和失望。)”可知，作者在科学项目失败后感到非常失望。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Failure, I realized, is not the end but a valuable teacher. It forced me to analyze my project thoroughly. I found that there were flaws in my experimental design and some key aspects that I had overlooked.(我意识到，失败并非终点，而是一位宝贵的老师。它促使我对自己的项目进行了全面分析。我发现自己的实验设计存在缺陷，还有一些关键方面被我忽略了。)”可知，作者反思后发现自己的项目存在问题，在实验设计上有缺陷，还忽略了一些关键方面，也就是在项目中犯了一些错误。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“History is filled with examples of great people who failed before achieving success. Thomas Edison failed thousands of times before inventing the light bulb. Each failure was a step forward for him, helping him to get rid of what didn’t work and focus on what did. His story shows that failure is a stepping-stone to success.(历史上有许多伟大人物在取得成功之前都经历过失败。托马斯・爱迪生在发明电灯泡之前失败了数千次。对他来说，每一次失败都是向前迈进的一步，帮助他摒弃行不通的方法，专注于可行的方案。他的故事表明，失败是通向成功的垫脚石。)”可知，爱迪生失败了数千次才发明了电灯泡，每一次失败都是他前进的一步，说明失败可以引领我们走向成功。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章讲述了作者在科学项目失败后，对失败的反思，认识到失败是一位宝贵的老师，从爱迪生的例子也说明了失败是成功的垫脚石，还提到失败能培养韧性，即文章主要阐述了我们能从失败中获得的价值和教训。故选C。 7. Since the dawn of human history, innovation has been a balancing act of wonder and fear. From the discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes, each technological breakthrough has promised to enhance human abilities while simultaneously (同时) causing risks. Fire could warm us or destroy us; airplanes could connect us or be turned into tools of war. Yet through all these advancements, one constant has remained: human cognition (认知) , the unique spark of thought and creativity that has shaped our progress. But today, something is different. For the first time in history, human cognition itself is at risk of being out-of-date. With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), we are no longer just building tools to enhance our abilities; we are building systems that may be superior to our very capacity to think, create, and innovate. This shift doesn’t just completely change industries, but it also challenges the core of what makes us human. In past innovations, technologies functioned as extensions of human abilities. The airplanes enlarged our physical reach, the Internet expanded our access to information, and computers increased our ability to compute. These tools were clearly under human control, operating within the boundaries we set. However, AI is fundamentally different. It operates in the range of cognition, not merely conducting tasks, but also learning, reasoning, and even generating creative content. From writing news articles to diagnosing diseases, AI systems are performing tasks once thought to require uniquely human judgment. What happens when machines can think better than we can? And, more importantly, what does it mean to be human in an age when our intellectual strength is no longer guaranteed? Historically, we’ve accepted obsolescence (过时) as part of the cycle of innovation and, in most situations, embraced it. Outdated tools should be abandoned, and new ones take their place. But when the “tool” at risk of obsolescence is human cognition itself, we enter unknown area. AI’s capacity to potentially outdo our intellectual talents puts humanity in a weak position, one where we must confront our own limitations. 1．What can we infer from the first paragraph? A．One good turn deserves another. B．Take things as they come. C．Don’t put the cart before the horse. D．Every coin has two sides. 2．What does the author mean by saying “But today, something is different” in paragraph 2? A．Human cognition starts to be outdated. B．Wonder and fear have lost balance. C．Human cognition has reached a ceiling. D．Creativity has shaped our progress. 3．How is the main idea presented in the text? A．By telling stories. B．By analyzing causes. C．By giving examples. D．By applying inferences. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the rise of artificial intelligence? A．Concerned. B．Skeptical. C．Positive. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章指出历史上技术突破利弊共存，如今 AI 使人类认知面临过时风险，引发对人类地位和未来的担忧。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“From the discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes, each technological breakthrough has promised to enhance human abilities while simultaneously causing risks. Fire could warm us or destroy us; airplanes could connect us or be turned into tools of war. (从火的发现到飞机的首次飞行，每一项技术突破都在承诺提升人类能力的同时带来了风险。火可以温暖我们，也可以毁灭我们；飞机可以让我们彼此相连，也可以变成战争工具。)”可知，技术突破既有积极的一面，也有消极的一面，这体现了事物都有两面性。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“For the first time in history, human cognition itself is at risk of being out-of-date. (历史上第一次，人类认知本身面临过时的风险。)” 可知，作者说“But today, something is different”指的是人类认知开始面临过时的情况。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章中通过列举“From the discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes (从火的发现到飞机的首次飞行)”“The airplanes enlarged our physical reach, the Internet expanded our access to information, and computers increased our ability to compute. (飞机扩大了我们的活动范围，互联网增加了我们获取信息的途径，计算机提高了我们的计算能力。)”等例子，来阐述不同技术的特点以及人工智能与以往技术的不同，从而呈现文章的主旨。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“What happens when machines can think better than we can? And, more importantly, what does it mean to be human in an age when our intellectual strength is no longer guaranteed? (当机器比我们更会思考时会发生什么？更重要的是，在一个我们的智力优势不再有保障的时代，作为人类意味着什么？)”以及最后一段“AI’s capacity to potentially outdo our intellectual talents puts humanity in a weak position, one where we must confront our own limitations. (人工智能有可能超越我们的智力才能，这使人类处于劣势，在这种情况下我们必须正视自己的局限性。)”可知，作者对人工智能的崛起表示担忧。故选A项。 8. For centuries, what makes human creativity so precious is not only the final products it yields, but also the effort behind their creation. But in a world where AI can generate anything with the click of a button, how do we distinguish what truly matters? How does human-made art survive? Throughout history, the most famous works of art, literature, and music have carried a sense of labor, dedication, and mastery. We don’t just admire the end product; we admire how it came to be. Masterpieces like Van Gogh’s “Starry Night” sustain not simply for their artistic beauty, but for the human stories they carry. They remind us that art is not just about beauty or skill — it is about intention, persistence, and what makes us human. As AI floods the world with instant beauty, we’re entering an era of “aesthetic inflation”, where perfectly composed images, poetic style, and movie-like storytelling are available to anyone, instantly and at no cost. This makes us think about when beauty is effortless and endless, does human creations still have value? But human imperfection isn’t a weakness — it’s part of who we are, shaping our understanding of humanity. Our struggles, mistakes, and limitations aren’t just difficulties to overcome — they’re part of what gives life meaning. In this light, AI’s ability to create perfect art feels almost unnatural—a rejection of the struggle that gives creativity its weight. It may achieve technical perfection — but at the cost of the original energy that makes art stir feelings within people. Even at its most impressive, AI-generated art often feels empty. It has no real emotions or experiences, and no clear creator, failing to create unexpected surprises and arouse shared emotion with audience. Therefore, to preserve meaning, selection and context become more crucial. As AI can produce endless content, the human elements like context, narrative and the reasoning behind art become the true value source. Also, AI can be a creative collaborator rather than a replacement, refining ideas while keeping human imperfection and feeling, and acting as an amplifier (放大镜) of human vision. 1．Why do masterpieces like “Starry Night” remain valuable in the AI era? A．They represent unique human characteristics. B．They showcase brilliant artistic creation skill. C．They are created through long production processes. D．They contain human emotional depth and creative effort. 2．Why does the author mention “aesthetic inflation” in paragraph 3? A．To demonstrate AI’s efficiency in art creation. B．To prove that AI-generated art is more affordable. C．To criticize the overuse of technology in art creation. D．To stress the devaluation of beauty due to mass production. 3．How does the author develop the argument in the passage? A．By giving examples. B．By giving definitions. C．By making comparisons. D．By making classifications. 4．The author wrote this passage to ___________. A．show ways to perfect art with AI B．teach how to create art in the age of AI C．argue why human art still matters in the AI age D．introduce a new revolution in art creation brought by AI 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在人工智能时代，人类艺术为何仍然重要，并探讨了人类艺术与人工智能生成艺术之间的区别和价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Masterpieces like Van Gogh’s “Starry Night” sustain not simply for their artistic beauty, but for the human stories they carry. They remind us that art is not just about beauty or skill — it is about intention, persistence, and what makes us human. (像梵高的《星夜》这样的杰作之所以能流传至今，不仅仅是因为它们的艺术美感，更是因为它们所承载的人类故事。它们提醒我们，艺术不仅仅是关于美或技巧，更是关于意图、坚持以及我们作为人的本质)”可知，像《星夜》这样的杰作在人工智能时代仍然有价值，是因为它们包含了人类的情感深度和创作努力。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“As AI floods the world with instant beauty, we’re entering an era of “aesthetic inflation”, where perfectly composed images, poetic style, and movie-like storytelling are available to anyone, instantly and at no cost. This makes us think about when beauty is effortless and endless, does human creations still have value? (随着人工智能以即时之美充斥世界，我们正进入一个“审美通胀”的时代，在这个时代，任何人都可以立即、免费地获得构图完美、风格诗意、如电影般的故事讲述。这让我们思考，当美丽变得轻而易举且无穷无尽时，人类的创作是否还有价值？)”可知，作者在第三段提到“审美通胀”是为了强调由于大量生产而导致的美的贬值。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Masterpieces like Van Gogh’s “Starry Night” sustain not simply for their artistic beauty, but for the human stories they carry. (像梵高的《星夜》这样的杰作之所以能流传至今，不仅仅是因为它们的艺术美感，更是因为它们所承载的人类故事)”、第四段中“But human imperfection isn’t a weakness — it’s part of who we are, shaping our understanding of humanity. Our struggles, mistakes, and limitations aren’t just difficulties to overcome — they’re part of what gives life meaning. In this light, AI’s ability to create perfect art feels almost unnatural—a rejection of the struggle that gives creativity its weight. (但人类的不完美并不是弱点，而是我们的一部分，塑造了我们对人性的理解。我们的挣扎、错误和局限不仅仅是需要克服的困难，它们也是赋予生命意义的一部分。从这个角度来看，人工智能创造完美艺术的能力几乎是不自然的，它否定了赋予创造力重量的挣扎)”以及最后一段“Therefore, to preserve meaning, selection and context become more crucial. As AI can produce endless content, the human elements like context, narrative and the reasoning behind art become the true value source. Also, AI can be a creative collaborator rather than a replacement, refining ideas while keeping human imperfection and feeling, and acting as an amplifier (放大镜) of human vision. (因此，为了保留意义，选择和背景变得更加重要。由于人工智能可以产生无穷无尽的内容，像背景、叙事和艺术背后的推理等人类元素成为了真正的价值来源。此外，人工智能可以成为创意合作者，而不是替代者，它在保留人类不完美和情感的同时，完善想法，并充当人类愿景的放大器)”可知，作者通过比较人类艺术和人工智能生成的艺术来展开论述。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But in a world where AI can generate anything with the click of a button, how do we distinguish what truly matters? How does human-made art survive? (但在一个只需点击按钮就能生成任何东西的人工智能世界里，我们如何区分什么才是真正重要的？人类创造的艺术如何生存？)”以及全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章是为了论证在人工智能时代，人类艺术为何仍然重要。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 推断题 ( 策略分析 ) 推理判断题是高考阅读理解的核心题型，要求考生基于原文某一句或若干语句的表面文字信息，通过同义改写或综合归纳完成一步推理得出答案。解题需严格依托原文依据，既不能脱离文本无据推断，也不能超越表层信息进行多步推导。 该题型融合推理与判断双重能力，是考生失分率较高的题型之一，重点考查考生透过文字表象推测文章隐含意义、进行逻辑分析，以及对细节信息、作者态度与写作意图作出准确判断的能力。从近年高考命题趋势来看，推理判断题的考查占比持续上升，命题形式也从过去简单的 “对号入座” 式直接答题，转向通过同义 / 反义词转换、长难句解析等方式考查语言理解能力，整体难度较以往明显提升。 一、技巧思维导图 二、知识详解 知识点1 ：推理判断题分类 1.高频考点：隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。 2.低频考点：文章出处、文章结构、目标读者。 知识点2：推理判断题（客观）解题方法与技巧： A.段落推理1 主：读段落找关键句（推理分析）；辅：选项分析排除。 B.段落推理2 主：读段落抓段中心（中心挂钩）；辅：选项分析排除。 C.文章推理1 主：中心挂钩法；辅：选项分析排除。 D.文章推理2 主：关键句分析；辅：选项分析排除。 知识点3：推理判断题注意事项 1.内容与原文一致，通常要淘汰。如果题目是推断题，而某个选项的内容却与原文相同，那么这是与推断的含义相悖的，所以要淘汰。 2.推理的结论不要偏离文章的过远，一步推出的结论最理想。 3.不要脱离文章的主线，与文章的主基调相符的结论最可靠。无论哪种题型，无论考查的侧重点是主旨还是推断，他们都不可能脱离文章的基调而存在。 4.客观，不要受自己主观意愿驱使。做推断题要始终以原文为依托，紧紧地围绕原文展开推理，围绕原文来考虑对选项的取舍。 知识点4：错误原因总结 1. 主观臆断 2. 缺乏逻辑 3. 过度推理 4. 缺乏常识 三、选项特征 正确选项特征 解释 同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，成为正确选项 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。 语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。 词性或语态的变化 改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。 干扰项特征 解释 曲解文意 即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。 张冠李戴 即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起。题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。 偷梁换柱 干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。 无中生有 这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。 鱼目混珠 鱼目混珠类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在文章特定语境中的具体含义。 扩缩范围 为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定，有时通过加上almost, all, nearly, more than, normally, usually等词语对文意加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。 四、隐含推断类 锁定关键词： 根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论）, indicate（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速确定题型 解题指导： (1) 浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项 (2) 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断； (3) 整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。 例1： 2025年6月新高考1卷C篇 Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. ... 10. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 五、观点态度类 锁定关键词： 根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude（态度），outstanding（ 优秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hopefully（有希望的）,against（反对）, in favor of（赞成）, 迅速确定题型。 解题指导： (1) 认真审题，明确“谁对谁”的态度，明确答题方向 (2) 关注段落首尾句，推断文章和段落主题，确定观点 (3) 注意作者或文中人物的措辞 (4) 分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点； (5) 牢记观点态度的常见词语 观点态度 例词 支持肯定 positive (积极的)、supportive (支持的)、optimistic (乐观的) humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(热情的)、pleasant (愉快的)； 中立 neutral (中立的)、objective(客观的)、not mentioned(未提及的)、 uninterested(不感兴趣的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)； 否定反对 negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(怀疑的)、disgusted(憎恶的) critical(批评的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不赞成的)。 例2：高考真题 In a follow-up study with 100 university students the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 六、写作意图类 锁定关键词： 根据题干关键词purpose（目的），intend to（打算），want to tell us ...（想要告诉我们），write this passage to（写这篇文章为了）迅速确定题型。 解题指导： (1) 根据文章或段落主旨推断作者写作意图； (2) 根据文体推断写作意图 记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（to tell a story, to entertain readers, to share an experience...）； 应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（to sell, to attract, to persuade, to promote...） 说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（to introduce, to explain, to inform, to make comparisons...）； 议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。 例3：2025年6月新高考2卷C篇 If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 10. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 七、文章出处或写作对象类 锁定关键词： 根据设题方式迅速确定题型: This passage would be most likely to be found in ． The passage is probably taken from ． Where does this text probably come from? Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from? The text is intended for ． 解题指导： (1) 根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象 (2) 根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题 广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点； 报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主； 杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活； 产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍； 药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等； 网络：文体不限，找到click here，download，up­load，link，mouse, surf等网络标志 例4：高考真题 Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. 8. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 例5：高考真题 Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. 21．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A textbook. B．An exam paper. C．A course plan. D．An academic article. ( 真题 演练 ) 1. 2025年6月新高考1卷C篇 While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 8. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 10. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. D Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 12. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 14. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 2. 2025年6月新高考2卷 C If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 10. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. D Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 12. What can be inferred about the author’s early life? A. He witnessed food shortage. B. He enjoyed the local cuisine. C. He donated food to Africans. D. He helped to cook at home. 15. What can we learn about wastED? A. It has ended as planned. B. It is creating new jobs. C. It has regained popularity. D. It is criticized by top chefs. 3. 2025年6月北京卷B篇 Even my failures are attached to a feeling of success; after I take a step back and look at the big picture, I see them as a launching pad (平台) for my next big achievement. In the ninth grade, I went in for my first group interview for a leadership position as a shy girl. Not standing a chance against competitive applicants, I came out of the interview with an upset look. Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted opportunity. I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself. This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I 26. Which would best describe the author’s first group interview? A. Dignifying. B. Rewarding. C. Engaging. D. Relaxing. C Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (翻屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way — just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. 28. How did the author feel about his daughter’s argument? A. Excited. B. Inspired. C. Energized. D. Relieved. D The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story. Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on I January are more effective for this reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运). 31. What can be inferred about personal stories? A. They are unrelated to health. B. Consistent ones lead to stress. C. They are relevant to happiness. D. Thematic ones hold back change. 32. What can we learn from this passage? A. Talking about gains from failure is negative. B. New Year resolutions are well received. C. The West tends to overvalue optimism. D. Social roles fail to be highlighted. 33. What does the author mainly do in this passage? A. Clarify a goal. B. Analyse an event. C. Make a comparison. D. Illustrate an approach. 4.2025年1月浙江卷B When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’ re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 24. What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A. She is upset by her kids’ weight. B. She is critical of the way she was fed. C. She is interested in making food. D. She is particular about what she eats. 27. What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A. Costly. B. Complex. C. Workable. D. Contradictory. 5.2025年1月八省联考B Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods. just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns（草坪） to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. In many communities, that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine, greetIng cards, social security checks, college acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailboxes in front of the houses. 24. What do we know about Jim Johnson from the first paragraph? A. He's open-minded. B. He's sharp-eyed. C. He's warm-hearted. D. He's strong-willed. 6.2025年1月八省联考D According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why? That's one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. 35. What might the author's marathon running prove? A. The findings of the study are reliable. B. Long-distance runners are often smart. C. Studies on the marathon are not enough. D. Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. 7.2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷B Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 8.2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷D In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 9.2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷C We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 8. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 10. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 10.2024年6月新课标全国甲卷C The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers — it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村) populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 9. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 11. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. ( 押题 演练 ) 1. Teenagers who have close, secure relationships with their families are more likely to extend empathy (同理心) to their peers, according to a new study. The study, conducted at the University of Virginia’s Adolescent Research Group, followed 174 adolescents from the ages of 14 to 18 to track their progress annually. At age 14, researchers interviewed the teens regarding their family relationships using a modified version of the Adult Attachment Interview, which is considered the “gold standard” of assessing one’s attachment state of mind. Jessica Stern, lead author of the study, said this motivated the teens to share descriptions and stories about their families. Researchers paid attention to not only what the teens said but also how they expressed it. After these initial interviews, researchers went back to the participants at ages 16, 17 and 18 and observed their interactions with a close friend. The researchers noted how the participants responded when their friend presented a problem and revealed it to them, assessing the participants’ extension of empathy. Teens who had more secure family relationships showed higher empathy toward their friends at ages 16 and 17 than less secure teens. It’s not all bad news, though, because the less secure teens “caught up” in their empathic behavior by age 18. This is cause for hope, Stern said, because it may indicate that those empathic skills can develop over time for adolescents who don’t have great relationships at home. Having strong friendships or a trusted teacher might make an impact on insecure teens’ empathy. More research is being conducted on this particular group of participants, who are now in their mid-30s. The researchers are interested in seeing how the empathic abilities they examined in the teens now shape their romantic relationships and parenting behavior as adults. Being able    to pick up on other people’s emotions and see from their point of view is important “for a variety of other things that we consider success in the world,” Stern said. For parents and even teachers, Stern advises understanding the necessity of empathy and really investing in relationships with teens. Providing models of empathic behavior, including treating others with kindness, respect and support, can help adolescents internalize that behavior. 1．What do we know about the research? A．It was a long-term study. B．It revealed gender differences. C．It involved big data analysis. D．It explored problem-solving strategies. 2．What can be inferred about the less secure teens during the study? A．They showed a decline in empathy. B．They became more eager for empathy. C．They maintained consistent levels of empathy. D．They initially struggled but improved in empathy. 3．What would help adolescents develop empathy according to the last paragraph? A．Demonstrating empathy in action. B．Rewarding their progress in empathy. C．Engaging them in classroom discussions. D．Monitoring their interpersonal relationships. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The power of empathy for future success. B．Teenagers’ empathy linked to family bonds. C．The impact of friendship on adolescent empathy. D．Attachment theory and teens’ empathy development. 2. The boom of artificial intelligence has sparked a wave of new possibilities, but it’s also causing fears among many Americans about their jobs. Recent surveys indicate growing public anxiety, with 51% of Americans expressing concern that AI might replace human jobs, which reflects the groundbreaking power of AI across various industries. Research highlights notable differences in perception between experts and the general public. While 73% of respondents believe cashier positions will decline due to AI, and 67% anticipate reductions in factory jobs, opinions vary sharply regarding truck drivers. Only 33% of the public foresees job losses in this sector, compared to 62% of Al experts who predict substantial impacts. This gap suggests that the public may underestimate Al's potential to disrupt certain professions. A crucial distinction exists between traditional automation and modern Al capabilities. As Molly Kinder from the Brookings Institution says, some of these opinions are confusing old automation with what generative AI can do. “Generative AI is not your grandparents’ automation. It’s moving up the skill chain... in ways I don’t think the public is fully aware of.” Unlike earlier technologies that primarily affected manufacturing, contemporary AI can perform complex cognitive tasks such as document analysis, legal research, and financial forecasting — functions traditionally associated with white-collar professionals. Studies identify several vulnerable sectors, including office administration, legal services, and financial operations. However, researchers caution against simplistic predictions of job elimination (淘汰). Mark Muro, co-author of a Brookings report, notes, “AI is more likely to transform jobs than replace them entirely.” This perspective suggests that while certain tasks may be automated, new opportunities for human-AI collaboration may emerge. The adoption of AI has been slower than expected in regulated fields like healthcare and law, where human judgment remains crucial. Nevertheless, as MIT professor Eric So observes, “AI’s capabilities are evolving at an unprecedented pace.” From basic chatbots to sophisticated decision-making systems, AI continues to reshape the workplace, creating both challenges and possibilities that society must carefully navigate. 1．Which profession shows the largest difference in perception? A．Cashiers. B．Truck drivers. C．Factory workers. D．Legal professionals. 2．What does Molly Kinder emphasize about generative AI? A．It is limited to simple repetitive tasks. B．It primarily affects manufacturing jobs. C．It can perform complex cognitive tasks. D．It has been widely adopted in healthcare. 3．What is Mark Muro’s view on AI's impact on jobs? A．AI will create more jobs than it eliminates. B．AI is likely to shift rather than replace jobs. C．AI will completely replace human workers. D．AI will have no significant impact on employment. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the development of AI? A．Objective. B．Supportive. C．Dismissive. D．Doubtful. 3. London-based startup Brilliant Planet has rented 6,100 hectares of land in southern Morocco, situated between the Atlantc Ocean and the Sahara. And it’s using it to grow algae (藻类), which absorbs atmospheric carbon dioxide and sends out oxygen. Brilliant Planet’s CEO Adam Taylor says the company has developed a way to grow algae at extreme rates starting in a glass cup in a lab and ending in 12,000-square-meter pools of locally-sourced seawater. The algae is obtained from the water then pumped up a 10-story tower and sprayed into the desert air. In the 30 seconds or so it takes to reach the ground, hot air dries the biomass (生物质) out, leaving hypersaline (超盐的) algae pieces which can be collected and shallow buried, sequestering (使隔绝) their carbon for thousands of years. “Nature-based solutions are a great way of removing carbon,” Taylor said. “Deserts are an underused environment. It does not cost a lot of money to rent the desert. What’s more, you’re not competing with farms or forests. You’re out of the way, not bothering people.” Taylor claims that Brilliant Planet’s solution can permanently remove 30 times more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere per hectare per year than a typical European forest. Brilliant Planet’s goal is to remove one million metric tons of carbon dioxide per year by the end of the decade.“Globally, we’ve identified about half a million square kilometers of flat desert-ocean land where it works,” Taylor said, adding that the company hopes to set up in Namibia next. Fatna Ikrame El Fanne, an environmental engineer, described the use of algae as “a new and promising strategy” that “is a typical example of innovative use of natural process to address an urgent global issue.” Nevertheless, she expressed caution. “Microalgae production on a large scale might damage local ecosystems, lead to overuse of water resources, and change habitats,” she said. There’s an acknowledgement that one company can’t do it all — and can’t go it alone. “We are part of a group of probably 40 to 50 wonderful ideas of how people can remove carbon from the atmosphere,” Taylor said, calling for “a Manhattan Project-type attitude” to tackling carbon capture. Whether algae is the solution the world needs remains to be seen. But the idea’s growing on people. 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Brilliant Planet? A．Its establishment of an algae plant. B．Its method of growing algae. C．Its process of carbon capture. D．Its daily routine in the desert. 2．What advantage did Taylor highlight about using deserts for carbon removal? A．Huge profits. B．High temperature. C．No occupation of rich land. D．No biodiversity concerns. 3．What can be inferred about the use of algae from El Fanne’s words? A．It needs improving. B．It is highly efficient. C．It is not worth promoting. D．It is commercially developed. 4．Why is “a Manhattan Project- type attitude” mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To highlight the challenges of carbon removal. B．To recognize the contributions of Brilliant Planet. C．To prove the effectiveness of nature-based solutions. D．To emphasize the necessity of joint efforts. 4. Eating a plant-based diet has been shown to be very good for your heart and your overall health. In fact, a previous study found a young person could live an additional 13 years by eating more vegetables and legumes (豆类), as well as whole grains, fruit and nuts. The findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400,000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition are rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time. “Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (心血管疾病),” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement. While the study found eating raw veggies could protect against heart disease, cooked vegetables did not. Any benefit went away when researchers factored in lifestyle factors such as physical activity, educational level, smoking, drinking, fruit intake, red and processed meat consumption, and use of mineral and vitamin supplements. “Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差)… related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle,” Feng said. Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion. “Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn’t associated with a lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account, that doesn’t mean we should stop eating vegetables,” said Victoria Taylor, a senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, in a statement. “The results are not surprising. Picking out one single component and assuming just adding it to the diet, e.g., vegetables, is not likely to result in the desired effect,” Alice Lichtenstein, director and senior scientist at Tufts University’s Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, told CNN in an email. “One thing that has become clear over the past decade is that we should not be looking at single foods or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein. 1．What can we learn from the new study led by Feng? A．It followed a young UK person for 13 years. B．Its findings came as no surprise to other people. C．It overturned the conclusion of previous studies. D．Its purpose was to find the right vegetables for people. 2．What did Feng imply about vegetables’ protective effect? A．It was totally made up by some researchers. B．It still held true despite some different findings. C．It could only be achieved by living a healthy lifestyle. D．It was a misconception caused by differences in people. 3．What does the underlined phrase “take exception to” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Voice objections to. B．Add details to. C．Show respect for. D．Take notice of. 4．What did Lichtenstein think of the study? A．It was groundbreaking. B．It was one-sided. C．It was demanding. D．It was authoritative. 5. A psychological concept called “false consensus effect” helps explain why kind people sometimes harm the environment. In psychology, the false consensus effect is a cognitive bias (偏见) where a person tends to overestimate how much other people agree with him or her. There is a tendency for people to assume that their own improper habits or acts are “normal”. And most importantly, they believe others think the same way that they do. Put simply, if you’re doing something (even if you secretly know you probably shouldn’t), you’re more likely to think plenty of other people do it too. This bias allows people to justify socially unacceptable or illegal behaviors. Researchers have observed the false consensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting. More recently, conservationists are beginning to reveal how this effect contributes to environmental damage. In Australia, people who admitted poaching, a way of fishing in no-take zones, thought it was much more common in society than it really was. They also believed others viewed it as socially acceptable. However, in reality, more than 90% of fishers held the opposite view. Just as concepts from psychology can help explain some forms of environmental damage, so can they help address it. For example, research shows people are more likely to litter in areas where there’s already a lot of trash scattered around, so making sure the ground around a bin is clean may help. Factual information on how other people think and behave can be very powerful. Electricity companies have substantially reduced household energy use simply by showing people how their electricity use compares to that of their neighbors. Encouragingly, stimulating people’s natural desire for status has also been successful in getting people to publicly buy eco-friendly products. 1．Which example best illustrates “false consensus effect”? A．A driver thinks illegal parking is common. B．A blogger assumes many people dislike his posts. C．A student figures most people spend long hours online. D．A smoker believes people generally approve of smoking. 2．What was most Australian fishers’ attitude to poaching? A．Unacceptable. B．Widespread. C．Controversial. D．Complex. 3．How have electricity companies reduced energy consumption? A．By comparing power consumption.            C． By offering financial rewards. B．By doing round-the-clock monitoring.        D．By promoting renewable energy. 4．What is the primary purpose of this article? A．To encourage people to reduce energy consumption. B．To link a psychological concept to environmental issues. C．To emphasize the importance of environmental protection. D．To describe different types of environmentally harmful behaviors. 6. Last semester, I was extremely excited about a big science project in my school. I had spent weeks researching, planning, and conducting experiments, believing that my hard work would surely lead to a great result. However, when the results were announced, I was devastated. My project didn’t even make it to the shortlist. At first, I was filled with self-doubt and disappointment. I questioned all my efforts and wondered if it was all in vain. But as I took some time to reflect, I began to see the failure in a different light. Failure, I realized, is not the end but a valuable teacher. It forced me to analyze my project thoroughly. I found that there were flaws in my experimental design and some key aspects that I had overlooked. This self-awareness was crucial. It taught me to be more careful and thorough in my future endeavors. History is filled with examples of great people who failed before achieving success. Thomas Edison failed thousands of times before inventing the light bulb. Each failure was a step forward for him, helping him to get rid of what didn’t work and focus on what did. His story shows that failure is a stepping-stone to success. Failure also builds resilience. When we face failure and overcome the initial shock and disappointment, we become stronger mentally. We learn to bounce back from setbacks, which is an essential skill in life In the end, that failed science project was not a disaster but a blessing in disguise. It taught me more than I could have learned from a successful outcome. It made me a better learner and a more determined person. 1．How did the author feel when his science project failed? A．Proud. B．Angry. C．Disappointed. D．Indifferent. 2．What did the author find after reflecting on the failure? A．His hard work was totally wasted. B．He had made some mistakes in his project. C．The judges were unfair to him. D．His project was actually very good. 3．What can we infer from Thomas Edison’s story? A．Success comes easily without failure. B．Failure is always a negative thing. C．We should be afraid of failure. D．Failure can lead to success. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The process of a science project. B．The importance of success in life. C．The value and lessons we can learn from failure. D．How to avoid failure in projects. 7. Since the dawn of human history, innovation has been a balancing act of wonder and fear. From the discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes, each technological breakthrough has promised to enhance human abilities while simultaneously (同时) causing risks. Fire could warm us or destroy us; airplanes could connect us or be turned into tools of war. Yet through all these advancements, one constant has remained: human cognition (认知) , the unique spark of thought and creativity that has shaped our progress. But today, something is different. For the first time in history, human cognition itself is at risk of being out-of-date. With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), we are no longer just building tools to enhance our abilities; we are building systems that may be superior to our very capacity to think, create, and innovate. This shift doesn’t just completely change industries, but it also challenges the core of what makes us human. In past innovations, technologies functioned as extensions of human abilities. The airplanes enlarged our physical reach, the Internet expanded our access to information, and computers increased our ability to compute. These tools were clearly under human control, operating within the boundaries we set. However, AI is fundamentally different. It operates in the range of cognition, not merely conducting tasks, but also learning, reasoning, and even generating creative content. From writing news articles to diagnosing diseases, AI systems are performing tasks once thought to require uniquely human judgment. What happens when machines can think better than we can? And, more importantly, what does it mean to be human in an age when our intellectual strength is no longer guaranteed? Historically, we’ve accepted obsolescence (过时) as part of the cycle of innovation and, in most situations, embraced it. Outdated tools should be abandoned, and new ones take their place. But when the “tool” at risk of obsolescence is human cognition itself, we enter unknown area. AI’s capacity to potentially outdo our intellectual talents puts humanity in a weak position, one where we must confront our own limitations. 1．What can we infer from the first paragraph? A．One good turn deserves another. B．Take things as they come. C．Don’t put the cart before the horse. D．Every coin has two sides. 2．What does the author mean by saying “But today, something is different” in paragraph 2? A．Human cognition starts to be outdated. B．Wonder and fear have lost balance. C．Human cognition has reached a ceiling. D．Creativity has shaped our progress. 3．How is the main idea presented in the text? A．By telling stories. B．By analyzing causes. C．By giving examples. D．By applying inferences. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the rise of artificial intelligence? A．Concerned. B．Skeptical. C．Positive. D．Unclear. 8. For centuries, what makes human creativity so precious is not only the final products it yields, but also the effort behind their creation. But in a world where AI can generate anything with the click of a button, how do we distinguish what truly matters? How does human-made art survive? Throughout history, the most famous works of art, literature, and music have carried a sense of labor, dedication, and mastery. We don’t just admire the end product; we admire how it came to be. Masterpieces like Van Gogh’s “Starry Night” sustain not simply for their artistic beauty, but for the human stories they carry. They remind us that art is not just about beauty or skill — it is about intention, persistence, and what makes us human. As AI floods the world with instant beauty, we’re entering an era of “aesthetic inflation”, where perfectly composed images, poetic style, and movie-like storytelling are available to anyone, instantly and at no cost. This makes us think about when beauty is effortless and endless, does human creations still have value? But human imperfection isn’t a weakness — it’s part of who we are, shaping our understanding of humanity. Our struggles, mistakes, and limitations aren’t just difficulties to overcome — they’re part of what gives life meaning. In this light, AI’s ability to create perfect art feels almost unnatural—a rejection of the struggle that gives creativity its weight. It may achieve technical perfection — but at the cost of the original energy that makes art stir feelings within people. Even at its most impressive, AI-generated art often feels empty. It has no real emotions or experiences, and no clear creator, failing to create unexpected surprises and arouse shared emotion with audience. Therefore, to preserve meaning, selection and context become more crucial. As AI can produce endless content, the human elements like context, narrative and the reasoning behind art become the true value source. Also, AI can be a creative collaborator rather than a replacement, refining ideas while keeping human imperfection and feeling, and acting as an amplifier (放大镜) of human vision. 1．Why do masterpieces like “Starry Night” remain valuable in the AI era? A．They represent unique human characteristics. B．They showcase brilliant artistic creation skill. C．They are created through long production processes. D．They contain human emotional depth and creative effort. 2．Why does the author mention “aesthetic inflation” in paragraph 3? A．To demonstrate AI’s efficiency in art creation. B．To prove that AI-generated art is more affordable. C．To criticize the overuse of technology in art creation. D．To stress the devaluation of beauty due to mass production. 3．How does the author develop the argument in the passage? A．By giving examples. B．By giving definitions. C．By making comparisons. D．By making classifications. 4．The author wrote this passage to ___________. A．show ways to perfect art with AI B．teach how to create art in the age of AI C．argue why human art still matters in the AI age D．introduce a new revolution in art creation brought by AI / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $