专题01 阅读理解细节题（阅读技巧练）2026年高考英语阅读理解突破策略及押题

专题01 细节题 ( 策略分析 ) 细节理解题依托文本信息与事实命题，命题人通过改写文章细节，考查考生对细节的精准理解能力 。在高考阅读理解中占比高，约达总题量一半，考点可源于段落单句或综合信息，涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、因果、方式，以及议论文里的例证、定义类细节，2026 年预计在应用文、说明文、记叙文阅读里，会更侧重这类题考查。 一、方法思维导图 二、设问方式和考题类型 常针对文中细节提问，可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。 1. 是非题形式：true/ false或except? All of the following are true EXCEPT _____. 2.特殊疑问句形式： According to the passage, who/ what/ when/ where / why / how… 3.填空题形式，如： To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised_____ （二）考题类型 1．高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。 2．底频考点：数字计算题； 三、细节题选项特征 (一) 正确选项特征 同义替换 指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose one's job换成了be out of work。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。 信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。 原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项。 (2) 干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。 无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容。 曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。 正误参半 部分正确，部分错误。 四、细节题解题秘籍 细节理解题有时较为直接，理解字面意义即可回答；有时则较为间接，需要通过归纳、概括和推理来解答。细节理解题占据了阅读理解总题量的约60%，是得分的关键。 无论细节理解题以何种方式提出问题，考生都应牢记一个解题原则——“本本主义”，即始终以原文为依据，无需阅读多个段落甚至全文后进行归纳总结或分析推理，正确答案往往对应原文中的某个具体信息。 1．直接信息题 考生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。 解题流程如下： 做题小技巧： 1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。 2.在出现一些关键词，如however、but、moreover、therefore、 thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。 3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项。　 4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, completely, none,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。 5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如： must, may, often, should, usually, might, most, more or less, likely, all, never，few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。 6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及。　 例1：2025年6月新高考1卷 While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. ... 8. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 第一步：定信息区间 抓关键 题干中的关键词：paragraph 1, phenomenon（作者在第一段指出的现象） 锁信息 定位第一段内容：While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. （核心信息：行人流动性下降；家长因交通问题，开车送孩子上学，而非让孩子步行。） 第二步：比对定答案 选项 选项意思 定位分析 A 汽车经常堵在路上 文中仅提“交通多（too much traffic）”，未说“堵车（get stuck）”，曲解文意 B 交通事故频繁发生 第一段未涉及“交通事故”相关描述，无中生有 C 人们走路更少、开车更多 “行人流动性下降（declines in pedestrian mobility，对应‘走路少’）” + “家长开车送孩子（pack them into the car，对应‘开车多’）”，同义替换 D 行人不遵守规则 第一段未提及“行人规则”，无中生有 分析：选 C。通过对比选项与第一段核心信息，“行人流动性下降”和“开车送孩子”共同指向“走路少、开车多”的现象；其余选项或曲解文意，或无中生有，故为细节理解题，选C。 二．间接信息题 相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。 例2：2025年新高考真题 While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. ... 9. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 第一步：定信息区间 抓关键 题干中的关键词：Canadian journalist, other campaigners, trying to do 锁信息 定位：用 Canadian journalist, other campaigners 寻读，在文中找到信息源——Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. 第二步：比对定答案 选项 选项意思 定位 A 保持他们的城市适宜居住 文中记者呼吁市长让纽约成为适宜居住的地方，类似运动也在其他地方开展，是同义替换 B 促进文化多样性 文中未提及，无中生有 C 帮助贫困家庭 文中未提及，无中生有 D 让高速公路可通行 与文意相悖，运动是反对用高速公路取代公园，曲解文意 分析：选A 。比对选项和信息句可知，加拿大记者及其他活动家开展运动，是为了阻止破坏当地公园，呼吁让城市成为适宜居住的地方，选项A 是对文意的同义替换，故为细节理解题，选A 。 三．概括、归纳信息题 是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应依据题干指向，找到文中相应的信息区间，然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳总结文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。 例3：2025年6月新高考2卷B篇 Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that’s not really what it is here.” “Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” … 5. What is a characteristic of Ho’s job? A. Prioritizing academics. B. Encouraging innovation. C. Treating various diseases. D. Playing multiple roles. 第一步：定信息区间 抓关键 题干中的关键词：Ho’s job, characteristic（Ho工作的特点） 锁信息 定位文中内容：“Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first... I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” （核心信息：Ho的工作不优先学术，而是兼任教练、顾问、安慰者等角色。） 第二步：比对定答案 选项 选项意思 定位分析 A 优先考虑学术 原文明确“academics don’t come first”，与文意相悖 B 鼓励创新 文中未涉及“创新”相关表述，无中生有 C 治疗各种疾病 Ho是医院教师，并非医疗人员，不负责治病，概念混淆 D 扮演多重角色 对应“coach, an adviser, and a comforter”（教练、顾问、安慰者），是对“多角色”的 同义替换 分析：选 D。通过归纳Ho对工作角色的描述（教练、顾问、安慰者），可提炼“多重角色”的特点；其余选项或违背文意，或缺乏依据，故为概括归纳类细节题，选D。 四．正误判断题 是细节理解题中解题比较繁琐的题目，说其繁琐，因为其信息不像其他类题目那样集中在文章的某一句或某一段，而是分散在文章的各个角落。对于这类题目，考生要静下心来，看清范围，确定方向，找到每一个选项的对应信息后，谨慎排除，综合选优。 例4：高考真题 Job for You Family Alliance Meal Delivery Family Alliance is looking for people who can deliver hot Chinese meals one to two times a week for people with disabilities in north suburban Fairfield County. All applicants must have a driver's license and access to a car. Gas will be covered for each delivery. Working hours: 10 a.m. To 1 p.m. Tuesdays and Fridays For more information, contact Charles Chen at cchen@famd.com Or call 740-6668988 Lancaster Design We provide full furnishings, like donated kitchen equipment and furniture items, for the new homes of people who were once homeless. We need people who can work at our warehouse（仓库）sorting and packing items to be delivered to families, repair donated furniture and more. Candidates will be matched with a task based on skill set. Interested? Submit your application to www.lancasterdesign.org Or call 740-6119735 Lancaster Weekly Would you like the opportunity to earn extra cash close to home? If so we have a vacancy in our team which would suit you. Both adults and youngsters aged 13+ are required to deliver our newspaper. You may have to cover some distance. Bicycles are available if needed. Working hours: 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. Saturdays For more information Call 740-6538360 Parkview Nursing Home Caregivers are wanted. We seek people who are patient and caring, and who have experience and interest in working with older adults. As part of the package, initial and follow-up training sessions are provided and accommodation is available if required. For more details, visit us at Unit 3 Park View Lane Or contact Ellen White at 740-6968399 2.Which of the following is TRUE about the Lancaster Design job? A.Applicants are expected to design furniture. B.Work is arranged according to one's skill set. C.It involves collecting furniture from homes. D.It favors applicants who are homeless. 第一步：定信息区间 选项 选项关键词 信息区间 A Applicants, design furniture Lancaster Design 部分 B Work, arranged, skill set Lancaster Design 部分 “Candidates will be matched with a task based on skill set.” C Involves, collecting furniture from homes Lancaster Design 部分 D Favors, applicants who are homeless Lancaster Design 部分 第二步：逐一比对定答案 选项 选项意思 原文意思 定位 A 申请者需要设计家具。 文中提及提供家具等，未涉及设计家具相关内容 无中生有 B 工作根据个人技能安排。 候选人将依据技能匹配任务 同义替换 C 涉及从家庭收集家具。 文中是整理、打包要送往家庭的物品等，未说从家庭收集 无中生有 D 倾向于无家可归的申请者。 是为曾无家可归者的新家提供物品，并非倾向这类申请者 曲解文意 综上，答案为B 。 五、细节题定位词寻找技巧 （一）特殊定位词 特殊定位词具有独特性，在文中容易快速识别，常可作为优先选择的定位词。 人名：如“ In Save Money：Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste” ，若题目涉及Matt Tebbutt相关内容，就可将“Matt Tebbutt”作为定位词，快速在文中找到相关信息 。 地名：像“Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.” ，如果题目与这次骑行之旅或者华盛顿特区相关，“Washington，D.C.”就能帮助定位。 数字（包括日期、时间、价格、数量等）：例如“Duration：3 hours”（持续时间：3小时），若题目询问该活动时长相关问题，“3 hours”就是明显的定位词 。 专有名词（首字母大写的特定名称，如组织名、机构名等）：比如“Good Morning Britain”（《早安英国》 ，一档节目），若题目围绕这个节目展开，它就是定位关键。 特殊符号中的内容：如引号、括号、破折号等符号内的信息 。比如“‘Save Money：Good Food’（《省钱：美食》），书名在引号中，可用于定位 。 （二）普通定位词 当题目中没有特殊定位词时，可考虑以下普通定位词： 名词：是普通定位词的首选，因为名词通常表达具体的事物，具有较强的指向性。 例如题目问“How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?” ，“Matt Tebbutt”和“Susanna”是人名可定位，“help”这个动作依赖的对象是核心，所以“help”相关信息也是重点，而“help”的双方涉及的行为，像“cooking matters（烹饪相关事宜）”这个名词短语也可作为定位词 。 动词：能体现动作和行为，也有助于定位。如上述例子中，“assists（协助）”“prepares（准备）”“buys（购买）”等动词，可帮助确定人物间的具体行为关系，辅助定位 。 （三）选择定位词的注意事项 避开高频词：文章中反复出现的高频词，不适合作为定位词，因为无法精准定位到某一处与题目相关的内容。比如一篇介绍环保的文章，“environment（环境）”一词多次出现，就不宜作为定位词。 注意同义转换：题目中的定位词在文中可能会以同义词或近义词的形式出现。例如题目中用“purchase（购买）” ，文中可能用“buy” ；题目中用“begin（开始）” ，文中可能用“start” 。所以平时要注重积累同义词，提升词汇量，这样才能快速识别同义转换后的定位词 。 （四）定位词实战演练： (1) 特殊定位词训练：2025年新高考真题 Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. 13. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. 第一步：判断“Blue Hill”的特殊定位词属性 题干核心疑问是“Blue Hill为何开展实验”，其中“Blue Hill”符合特殊定位词中“专有名词”的特征——首字母大写（B和H均大写），是纽约某知名餐厅的特定名称，具有独特性、无歧义性，在原文中不会与其他词汇混淆，可作为优先定位的“锚点”，快速锁定相关段落。 第二步：通过“Blue Hill”定位原文核心信息 带着定位词“Blue Hill”浏览原文，可快速找到关键语句： 原文第二段：“But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.” 此处“one popular New York City restaurant”为“Blue Hill”的铺垫描述。 原文第三段：“For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage... Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.” 该句直接点出“Blue Hill”的实验行为（更名wastED、提供特定菜品），并明确了行为目的。 第三步：结合定位信息匹配选项 原文通过“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste”明确了Blue Hill实验的核心目的——提高公众对食物浪费的关注度。据此逐一分析选项： A. 为顾客定制菜品：“定制菜品”是实验的表现形式，而非目的，排除。 B. 让公众意识到食物浪费问题：与原文“raise awareness regarding food waste”完全对应，为正确答案。 C. 测试一种食品加工方法：原文未提及“测试加工方法”，无中生有，排除。 D. 完善英国的零浪费体系：原文明确Blue Hill位于纽约，与“英国”无关，且未提及“零浪费体系”，排除。 原文核心动作是“remove（去除）”，与题干“trapping（捕获）”本质一致（捕获的目的是去除）。 原文中“boiling（煮沸）”“filtering（过滤）”“cooling（冷却）”是实现“remove”的具体动作，需结合这些动作的相关条件，判断哪个选项与“效果”相关。 (2)普通定位词训练：2025年新高考真题1卷 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. 13. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 【13题详解】 第一步：提炼题干核心名词（首选定位词） 题干的核心是“trapping microplastics in water（捕获水中微塑料）”的“effectiveness（效果）”，这两个名词/名词短语是定位核心。 先锁定“microplastics（微塑料）”“water（水）”“effectiveness（效果）”，这三个名词直接对应题目询问的核心对象（微塑料）、场景（水中）和核心问题（效果）。 再聚焦“trapping（捕获）”，它是与“效果”直接相关的动作名词化形式，明确了题干关注的具体行为。 第二步：关联原文动作类词汇（辅助定位） 题干的“determines（决定）”是关键动词，对应原文中体现“捕获效果”的动作描述。 原文核心动作是“remove（去除）”，与题干“trapping（捕获）”本质一致（捕获的目的是去除）。 原文中“boiling（煮沸）”“filtering（过滤）”“cooling（冷却）”是实现“remove”的具体动作，需结合这些动作的相关条件，判断哪个选项与“效果”相关。 第三步：匹配选项筛选答案 通过定位词找到原文核心信息（煮沸5分钟+冷却后过滤，去除80%微塑料），再对应选项： 选项B的“cooling time（冷却时间）”，是原文“filtering it after it cools”中不可或缺的条件，直接关联“捕获效果”； ( 真题 演练 ) 1. 2025年6月新高考1卷 A This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke. 3. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables. C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable. 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中““We need to speed up the development of green energy and it will all get used,” says Wipke. (Wipke说：“我们需要加速绿色能源的开发，而且这些能源都会被利用起来。”)”可知，Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入，即加大对绿色能源的投入。故选B项。 B In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. 4. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents. C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters. 5. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A. They were not given enough time. B. They had a very limited vocabulary. C. They misunderstood the question. D. They had little interest in the topic. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. (去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——她在父母拒绝其年少挚爱后心碎而逝。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. (大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)”可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。 C While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. ... 8. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 9. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。 D Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 13. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 15. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)”可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 2. 2025年6月新高考2卷B篇 Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that’s not really what it is here.” “Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers (同龄人) outside the hospital. “I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems,” says Julie Good, director of pain management services at LPCH. “It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.” 4. Who does Ho teach at LPCH? A. Sick children. B. Young nurses. C. Medical students. D. Patients’ parents. 5. What is a characteristic of Ho’s job? A. Prioritizing academics. B. Encouraging innovation. C. Treating various diseases. D. Playing multiple roles. 7. How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good? A. It eases peer pressure. B. It helps them live in hope. C. It frees them from aches. D. It entertains them with stories. 【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Kathy Ho在斯坦福露西尔・帕卡德儿童医院（LPCH）担任教师的工作情况，介绍了医院学校学生的情况、她工作的特点以及医院学校对学生的益处。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中““Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. (“这里”指的是386 室，每年约有500名露西尔・帕卡德儿童医院（LPCH）的患者在这里成为学生。这所医院学校里没有家长、医生，也没有医疗程序。它是一个学习的地方。Ho老师的学生中，约有一半只待一周或更短时间，其他人则会待一年以上。大多数学生最终会康复，这意味着，帮助他们做好重返学校的准备正成为护理工作中日益重要的组成部分)” 可知，Ho在露西尔・帕卡德儿童医院（LPCH）教生病的孩子。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher. (我是一名教练、一名顾问和一名安慰者，这就是作为一名医院教师的意义)”可知，Ho工作的一个特点是扮演多种角色。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Julie Good所说的“It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow. (这关乎围绕 “何为充实人生” 展开的问题解决。那些孩子拥有梦想，而学校能通过为他们提供学习与成长的途径，让这些梦想得以延续)”可推知，Good认为医院学校通过让孩子保持学习和成长，帮助他们维系梦想，即帮助他们生活在希望中。故选B。 C When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 8. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 9. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment. C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity. 解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。 D Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. 13. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。 3. 2025年6月北京卷 B Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay. Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? The shadow of this mysterious (神秘的) institution steals away what success means to us. My first step of redefining success began with course registrations. It is a well-known fact, especially in my school, that Junior year is the time of packing many AP classes into the schedule. When asked why they chose so many AP classes, my friends responded: “I don’t know.” They themselves don’t know why they are following the crowd and longing for the pressures of academic difficulty. Therefore, they do not feel the satisfaction of being academically challenged. 24. Throughout the Junior year, what was the author’s major concern? A. Pressure from choosing AP classes. B. Performance in group interviews. C. Competition with seniors. D. Recognition by colleges. 25. The author chose fewer AP classes because of _______. A. her own understanding of success B. her desire for academic challenges C. her strong urge to follow the crowd D. her dream of entering a top university 【答案】24. D 25. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在高三时对大学申请和成功定义的反思，不再盲目追随他人选择大量AP课程，而是基于个人兴趣选课，并从失败的小组面试中学习，通过自我调整最终获得领导职位。 【24题详解】 细节题。根据第一段中“Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay. Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? (在整个高三期间，我和我的同学们一直担心，当大学将我们的整个人生故事浓缩成一篇200字的短文时，他们会看到什么。当他们回顾我们的成就时，脑海中会浮现出‘成功’这个金灿灿的词汇吗？还是会看到用红色标注的‘失败’这个醒目的大字？)”可知，作者在高三年级主要担心的是大学对他们的认可。故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. (我决心追随自己对成功的直觉理解，只选择了两门我确信自己会喜欢的课程。)”可知，作者选择较少的AP课程是因为她自己对成功的理解。故选A。 4. 2025.1 浙江卷B篇第2段 According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” 25. Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A. Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B. Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C. Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D. Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 25. C 细节理解题。由第二段末句心理学教授的建议 “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy” 可知，不应向孩子讲解与零食相关的风险，因为可能会带来不健康的影响，故选C项。 5. 2025.1 八省联考C篇第3-4段 Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks. The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. Diversity and mixed-use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused. 30. How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built? A. Lined with plants. B. Painted with clear signs. C. Tightly connected. D. Convenient for the old. 30. C 细节理解题。由第三段中的“The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks”可知，Jacobs建议人行道应紧密相连，方便人们交流和互动。故选C项。 6.2024 新高考1卷C篇 Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 【解析】 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 7. 2024 新高考2卷D篇 Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 14. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A. Observe existing regulations on it. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。 8. 2024.6北京卷D篇 But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. 25. In her 30s, the author _________. A. avoided oil painting practice B. sought for a painting career C. fancied abstract painting D. exhibited child paintings 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art.(在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法)”和“Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. (虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习)”可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。 ( 押题 演练 ) 1. The Evolution of Aerospace: Trends and Prospects The aerospace industry is on the limit of a revolutionary era, driven by technological advancements, sustainability goals, and evolving geopolitical dynamics. As we approach 2025, several key trends are set to redefine this dynamic sector. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and autonomous systems are becoming deeply embedded in aerospace and defense. AI is enhancing air traffic control and flight management, optimizing (优先) light paths, and improving fuel efficiency. Autonomous aircraft, including drones and eVTOLs (electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing vehicles), are rapidly advancing. These innovations promise to revolutionize urban air mobility and military operations. The industry is also focusing an reducing its environmental impact. Electric and hybrid-electric aircraft are being developed by companies like Airbus and Boeing. Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) and advanced materials like carbon fiber composites (复合材料) are also gaining traction (拉力). These efforts aim to make air travel more eco-friendly. Space remains a critical domain (领域) for both commercial and defense interests. Private companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin are driving the commercialization of space. By 2025, we can expect significant advancements in space tourism, satellite launches, and lunar exploration. Governments are also increasing their focus on space defense, developing anti-satellite weapons and missile defense systems. Despite these advancements, the aerospace industry faces several challenges. Supply chain issues, workforce shortages, and geopolitical tensions are major concerns. However, the industry is adapting through AI-driven solutions, strategic partnerships and increased investment in cybersecurity. By 2025, the aerospace industry will be shaped by the integration of AI, the commercialization of space, and a growing emphasis on sustainability. These trends will create new opportunities and challenges, requiring innovation and adaptability. As the industry navigates these changes, it will continue to play a crucial role in global security, economic development, and technological progress. 1．How is AI being used in the aerospace industry? A．To reduce the number of flights. B．To optimize flight paths and improve fuel efficiency. C．To replace human pilots completely. D．To increase the cost of air travel. 2．Why is space defense becoming a top priority? A．Decreasing interest in satellite communication. B．Reduction in commercial space activities. C．Declining investment in space exploration. D．Growing reliance on space-based facilities and rising threats. 3．What challenges does the aerospace industry face? A．Supply chain issues and workforce shortages. B．Decreasing demand for air travel. C．Lack of technological innovation. D．Reduced investment in cybersecurity. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of the aerospace industry? A．Skeptical. B．Pessimistic. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2025年前航空航天业的三大趋势及其挑战，指出该行业将通过创新适应变化，继续推动全球安全与经济进步。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“AI is enhancing air traffic control and flight management, optimizing (优先) light paths, and improving fuel efficiency. (AI正在提升空中交通管制和飞行管理，优化飞行路径，并提高燃油效率)”可知，AI被应用于优化飞行路径和提高燃油效率。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Governments are also increasing their focus on space defense, developing anti-satellite weapons and missile defense systems. (政府正加强关注太空防御，研发反卫星武器和导弹防御系统)”可知，政府研发武器和防御系统来加强太空防御，由此推知，太空防御成为当务之急是因为对太空设施依赖加深及新兴威胁。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Supply chain issues, workforce shortages, and geopolitical tensions are major concerns. (供应链问题、劳动力短缺和地缘政治紧张是主要忧虑)”可知，航空航天业面临的挑战包括供应链问题和劳动力短缺。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“By 2025, the aerospace industry will be shaped by the integration of AI, the commercialization of space, and a growing emphasis on sustainability. These trends will create new opportunities and challenges, requiring innovation and adaptability. As the industry navigates these changes, it will continue to play a crucial role in global security, economic development, and technological progress. (到2025年，人工智能的深度融合、太空商业化进程加速以及对可持续发展的日益重视将重塑航空航天产业格局。这些趋势在创造新机遇的同时也带来了全新挑战，要求行业以创新思维和灵活适应性应对变革。在转型过程中，该产业将继续为全球安全体系、经济发展与技术进步发挥不可替代的关键作用)”可知，作者关注的是航空航天业的机遇与持续影响力，这表明他对行业未来持积极乐观的态度。故选C项。 2. Research led by the University of Leeds has found that children do better at primary school if their fathers regularly spend time with them on interactive engagement (互动式参与) activities like reading, playing, telling stories, drawing and singing. Analyzing primary school test scores for five-and seven-year-olds, the researchers used a representative sample of nearly 5,000 mother-father households in England. According to the research, dads who regularly drew, played and read with their three-year-olds helped their children do better at school by age five. Dads being involved at age five also helped improve scores in seven-year-olds’ Key Stage Assessments. Dr Helen Norman, who led the research, said, “Mothers still tend to assume the primary carer role and therefore tend to do the most childcare, but if fathers actively engage in childcare too, it significantly increases the likelihood of children getting better grades in primary school. This is why encouraging and supporting fathers in sharing childcare with the mother, from an early stage in the child's life, is critical. ” Dads’ involvement impacted positively on their children’s school achievement regardless of the child's gender, ethnicity, age in the school year and household income, according to the research. There were different effects when moms and dads took part in the same activities - the data showed that moms had more of an impact on young children's emotional and social behaviors than educational achievement. The researchers recommend that dads spare as much time as they can to engage in interactive activities with their children each week. For busy, working dads, even just ten minutes a day could potentially have educational benefits. They also recommend that schools and early years education providers routinely take both parents' contact details and develop strategies to engage fathers and keep a record of father-engagement. Dr Jeremy Davies, who co-authored the report, said, “Our analysis has shown that fathers have an important, direct impact on their children’s learning. We should be recognizing this and actively finding ways to support dads in playing their part, rather than engaging only with mothers, or taking a gender-neutral approach. ” 1．How did the researchers conduct the study? A．By assessing parent-child relationships. B．By observing educational parent-child activities. C．By classifying children's individual interests. D．By examining children’s academic performance. 2．What does Helen Norman try to tell us in Paragraph 3? A．Shared childcare is highly beneficial. B．Education starts from the family. C．Children need a sense of belonging. D．Father excels in educating children. 3．Which of the following do the researchers recommend? A．Fathers reduce working hours. B．Schools involve fathers in children’s learning. C．Mothers keep track of children's studies. D．Educators find ways to support mothers. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Shift in Parents’ Roles in Childcare. B．The Impact of Fathers on Children’s Education. C．Mom vs. Dad: Who Influences Kids More? D．Interactive Activities: How Do They Affect Kids’ Grades? 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍利兹大学的研究发现，如果父亲经常花时间陪孩子参加互动活动，孩子在小学的表现会更好。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Analyzing primary school test scores for five-and seven-year-olds, the researchers used a representative sample of nearly 5,000 mother-father households in England. According to the research, dads who regularly drew, played and read with their three-year-olds helped their children do better at school by age five. (研究人员分析了5岁和7岁孩子的小学考试成绩，使用了英国近5000个父母家庭的代表性样本。根据这项研究，经常和三岁的孩子一起画画、玩耍和阅读的父亲，可以帮助他们的孩子在五岁时在学校表现得更好。)”可知研究人员通过检查孩子们的学习成绩来进行研究的，故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Dr Helen Norman, who led the research, said, “Mothers still tend to assume the primary carer role and therefore tend to do the most childcare, but if fathers actively engage in childcare too, it significantly increases the likelihood of children getting better grades in primary school. This is why encouraging and supporting fathers in sharing childcare with the mother, from an early stage in the child's life, is critical. ” (领导这项研究的海伦·诺曼博士说：“母亲仍然倾向于承担主要的照顾者角色，因此往往承担最多的照顾孩子的工作，但如果父亲也积极参与照顾孩子，那么孩子在小学取得更好成绩的可能性就会大大增加。”这就是为什么鼓励和支持父亲在孩子的早期阶段与母亲共同照顾孩子是至关重要的。”)”可推知海伦·诺曼博士想要告诉我们的是父母共同照顾孩子是非常有益的，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“They also recommend that schools and early years education providers routinely take both parents’ contact details and develop strategies to engage fathers and keep a record of father-engagement. (他们还建议学校和早期教育机构定期收集父母双方的联系方式，制定策略让父亲参与进来，并记录父亲参与的情况。)”可知研究人员建议学校制定策略让父亲参与孩子的学校活动，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“Research led by the University of Leeds has found that children do better at primary school if their fathers regularly spend time with them on interactive engagement activities like reading, playing, telling stories, drawing and singing. (利兹大学领导的一项研究发现，如果父亲经常花时间和孩子一起进行阅读、玩耍、讲故事、画画和唱歌等互动活动，孩子在小学的表现会更好。)”可知文章主要讲述利兹大学的研究发现，如果父亲经常花时间陪孩子参加互动活动，孩子在小学的表现会更好，也就是父亲对孩子的教育影响，B选项“父亲对孩子教育的影响。”适合做标题，符合文章大意，故选B。 3. The growing presence of space debris (碎片) in low Earth orbit (LEO)poses a significant threat to satellites and other orbiting assets. Consequently, the concern about destructive collisions (碰撞) and the potential for debris reentry to Earth’s atmosphere has intensified. Researchers are turning to artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to address these challenges to enhance debris removal, collision prediction, and orbit management strategies. One approach described in a paper presented at the 2nd near-Earth object (NEO) and Debris Detection Conference earlier this year, involves using a “genetic” algorithm (算法) to monitor the motion of space debris. Researchers aim to improve the capture and removal processes by focusing on slower-moving objects. Additionally, neural networks are being developed to predict and reduce collisions in LEO. These networks are trained on historical data to identify space debris Motion patterns and predict future paths, enabling effective collision-avoidance movements for active space missions and orbiting satellites. Historical statistics and predictive modeling have shown that the risk of such collisions is significantly higher in LEO compared to medium Earth orbit (MEO). However, it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations of AI-based approaches, as they assume that future conditions are similar to present ones, potentially ignoring critical variables such as atmospheric density. To address these limitations, constantly adding real-time information and updating is essential for improving the adaptability of AI models. By incorporating new debris detections and orbital changes, algorithms can better adapt to the ever-changing spatial environment. Balancing the use of AI with a comprehensive understanding of the uncertainties and challenges in space debris management will be vital for ensuring the long-term sustainability of LEO. Overall, integrating AI into space debris monitoring, removal, and collision avoidance strategies holds promise for safeguarding satellite operations and maintaining the charming beauty of photos from LEO. However, it is essential to remain cautious of these technologies’ limitations and unknowns and continually improve and update them with real-world data to enhance their effectiveness. 1．What is one of the concerns regarding space debris in LEO? A．The cost of debris removal. B．The effect on space exploration. C．The risk of disastrous collisions. D．The damage to the space environment. 2．How can neural networks help with space debris management? A．By creating predictive models. B．By employing genetic algorithms. C．By monitoring fast-moving objects. D．By speeding up the capture process. 3．What is crucial for dealing with the limitations of AI-based approaches? A．Regularly testing its adaptability. B．Continuously integrating live data. C．Studying past and present space conditions. D．Reducing uncertainties in debris management. 4．What is the author’s general attitude toward Al-based approaches? A．Resistant. B．Skeptical. C．Dismissive. D．Favorable. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。近地轨道空间碎片日益增多，对卫星和其他轨道资产构成重大威胁。因此，对破坏性碰撞和碎片重返地球大气层的可能性的担忧加剧了。研究人员正在转向人工智能技术来应对这些挑战，以增强碎片清除、碰撞预测和轨道管理策略。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Consequently, the concern about destructive collisions(碰撞)and the potential for debris reentry to Earth’s atmosphere has intensified.”（因此，对破坏性碰撞和碎片重返地球大气层的可能性的担忧加剧了。）可知，低地球轨道（LEO）上的太空碎片引发的一个担忧是灾难性碰撞的风险。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Additionally, neural networks are being developed to predict and reduce collisions in LEO. These networks are trained on historical data to identify space debris Motion patterns and predict future paths, enabling effective collision-avoidance movements for active space missions and orbiting satellites.”（此外，正在开发神经网络来预测和减少LEO中的碰撞。这些网络在历史数据上进行训练，以识别空间碎片的运动模式并预测未来的路径，从而为正在进行的空间任务和轨道卫星提供有效的避碰运动。）可知，神经网络通过创建预测模型来帮助管理太空碎片。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“To address these limitations, constantly adding real-time information and updating is essential for improving the adaptability of AI models.”（为了解决这些限制，不断添加实时信息和更新对于提高人工智能模型的适应性至关重要。）可知，处理基于AI的方法的局限性，关键在于不断整合实时数据。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Overall, integrating AI into space debris monitoring, removal, and collision avoidance strategies holds promise for safeguarding satellite operations and maintaining the charming beauty of photos from LEO.”（总体而言，将人工智能集成到空间碎片监测、清除和避碰策略中，有望保障卫星运行，并保持近地轨道照片的迷人之美。）可知，作者对基于AI的方法持支持态度。故选D。 4. Psychologists long believed happiness and meaning were keys to a good life. Recent research, however, reveals a third dimension (维度): psychological richness. In his book Life in Three Dimensions, ShigehiroOishi argues that significant life fulfillment requires embracing curiosity-driven exploration and transformative experiences alongside happiness and meaning. Oishi shares the story of a father and son. The father lived a stable life in a rural Japanese town, maintaining family traditions for his entire life. His son pursued a different path — leaving his home, studying abroad, and moving across continents. Although their lives highlight different priorities, both found elements of happiness and meaning. Even so, does that mean they both live a full life? Traditional psychology outlines two paths to achieve life fulfillment. The eudaimonic path values meaning through family, community, or professional dedications, while the hedonic path seeks happiness by enjoyable careers, rewarding experiences, or leisure pursuits. Yet both paths contain pitfalls. Overemphasizing happiness often breeds anxiety, as studies confirm lasting contentment stems from relationships, not achievements. Similarly, being attached to great causes risks burnout. Therefore, either happiness or meaning alone fails to account for the human need for a complete life. Psychological richness emerges as the vital third dimension. It involves lives colored by novel experiences that reshape perspectives — studying abroad, mastering complex skills, or overcoming difficulties. People who are curious or social naturally enjoy this. Even those lacking these characters can cultivate it through small decisions, creative hobbies, or minor risks like exploring unfamiliar neighborhoods. Even hard times can enhance psychological richness when regarded as opportunities to grow. As the son in the story, Oishi concludes that fulfillment lies not in choosing between happiness, meaning, or richness but combining them together. A farmer’s steady life and a traveler’s exciting journey both matter. Ultimately, the richest existence isn’t about perfection in any single dimension but the harmonious interplay of all three. 1．What factor best explains the father-son difference? A．Generation gap. B．Personal choices. C．Educational status. D．Economic conditions. 2．What does the underlined word “pitfalls” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Costs. B．Features. C．Advantages. D．Reasons. 3．What can be learned from the book? A．Personalities are difficult to change. B．Psychological richness develops with age. C．Traditional views should be abandoned. D．Life satisfaction is shaped by multiple factors. 4．What is the recommended shelf category for the book? A．Cultural Studies & Emotional Health. B．Personal Growth & Life Philosophy. C．Global Experiences & Art Appreciation. D．Human Connection & Career Development. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了生活满足感的三个维度及其重要性(生活满足感三维度及其意义探讨)。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The father lived a stable life in a rural Japanese town, maintaining family traditions for his entire life. His son pursued a different path — leaving his home, studying abroad, and moving across continents. Although their lives highlight different priorities, both found elements of happiness and meaning. (父亲在日本乡村过着稳定的生活，一生坚守家族传统；儿子则选择了不同的道路 —— 离开家乡、出国留学、跨洲迁居。尽管他们的生活体现了不同的人生优先级，但都找到了幸福和意义的元素。)”可知，父子俩的不同在于他们的人生选择不同。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Traditional psychology outlines two paths to achieve life fulfillment. The eudaimonic path values meaning through family, community, or professional dedications, while the hedonic path seeks happiness by enjoyable careers, rewarding experiences, or leisure pursuits. Yet both paths contain pitfalls. Overemphasizing happiness often breeds anxiety, as studies confirm lasting contentment stems from relationships, not achievements. Similarly, being attached to great causes risks burnout. Therefore, either happiness or meaning alone fails to account for the human need for a complete life. (传统心理学勾勒出两条实现人生满足感的路径。幸福论路径重视通过家庭、社区或职业奉献获得意义，而享乐论路径则通过令人愉悦的职业、有益的经历或休闲追求来寻求幸福。然而，这两条路径都存在pitfalls。过度强调幸福往往会滋生焦虑，因为研究证实，持久的满足感源于人际关系，而非成就。同样，执着于伟大的事业可能会导致倦怠。因此，仅有幸福或意义都无法满足人类对完整人生的需求。)”可知，传统心理学概述了实现人生满足感的两条途径，但这两条途径都存在缺点，故pitfalls意思是“隐患，弊端，缺点，陷阱”，与Costs“代价，损失”意思相近。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As the son in the story, Oishi concludes that fulfillment lies not in choosing between happiness, meaning, or richness but combining them together. (就像故事中的儿子一样，大石认为，满足感不在于在幸福、意义或丰富之间做出选择，而在于将它们结合起来。)”可推知，生活满足感由多种因素塑造。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“In his book Life in Three Dimensions, ShigehiroOishi argues that significant life fulfillment requires embracing curiosity-driven exploration and transformative experiences alongside happiness and meaning. (在他的《生活的三个维度》一书中，大石茂弘认为，要实现人生的重大满足，就需要在追求幸福和意义的同时，拥抱好奇心驱动的探索和变革性的体验。)”以及最后一段中“Ultimately, the richest existence isn’t about perfection in any single dimension but the harmonious interplay of all three. (最终，最丰富的存在并不是在任何一个维度上的完美，而是所有三个维度的和谐相互作用。)”可知，文章主要讨论了实现人生满足感的三个维度，可推知，这本书应该放在“个人成长与人生哲学”的书架上。故选B。 5. In an era when the average person checks their smartphone nearly 144 times a day, devoting oneself to a lengthy novel or complex piece of literature has become a rarity. The digital revolution, while bringing easy access to information, has degraded our capacity for deep reading. Deep reading is more than just processing words on a page; it’s an experience that involves critical thinking, empathy (共情) , and knowledge exploration. This form of reading allows individuals to engage with complex ideas and connect emotionally with texts. Historically, deep reading has been instrumental in education and personal development, cultivating a person capable of critical thought and innovation. In a digital age, the way we consume information has dramatically changed. For instance, social media platforms are designed to catch our attention through endless browsing and bite-sized content. This design can weaken our patience for longer, more demanding texts. A study from Microsoft Corp. suggested that the human attention span has decreased from 12 seconds in 2000 to about 8 seconds today, highlighting how digital media affects our ability to concentrate. In the digital landscape, attention has become what companies compete for, often employing strategies that disturb our attention spans. Notices, advertisements, and big data-based content make it difficult for readers to find the uninterrupted time necessary for deep reading. Our brains are remarkably adaptable, and the way we process information can change with our habits. Neuroscientists have found that regular Internet use can rewire neural pathways, favoring quick decision-making and surface processing over deep thinking. Nicholas Carr argues that the Internet encourages rapid, distracted sampling of small bits of information from many sources—a mode of thinking that is contrary to deep reading. The decline in deep reading doesn’t just affect individual cognition (认知) ; it has broader societal consequences. In education, students accustomed to surface-level reading may struggle with texts that require analysis and critical thinking. This trend can lead to a workforce less prepared for jobs that demand deep understanding and problem-solving skills. Given the challenges, how can we preserve and promote deep reading in the digital age? 1．Why is deep reading important? A．It promotes the use of social media. B．It boosts readers` innovative ability. C．It allows for faster decision-making. D．It enables quick scanning of information. 2．How do the Internet and digital media affect deep reading? A．They improve reading efficiency. B．They increase access to diverse resources. C．They contributes to divided attention habits. D．They provide new ideas for better understanding. 3．What message does the author mainly convey in para 5? A．The human brain has a strong adaptability. B．The internet has a positive impact on our brains. C．The way we process information changes with our habits. D．The internet disfavors deep reading despite its advantages. 4．What is expected to be talked about next? A．Strategies to promote deep reading. B．The future application of digital media. C．The benefits of digital reading materials. D．Historical examples of deep reading practices. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【解析】这是一篇议论文。数字时代人们深度阅读能力下降，深度阅读对培养批判性思维和创新力重要，需应对数字媒体带来的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Historically, deep reading has been instrumental in education and personal development, cultivating a person capable of critical thought and innovation.(从历史上看，深度阅读在教育和个人发展中至关重要，它培养一个人具备批判性思维和创新能力。)”可知，深度阅读能提升读者的创新能力。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“A study from Microsoft Corp. suggested that the human attention span has decreased from 12 seconds in 2000 to about 8 seconds today, highlighting how digital media affects our ability to concentrate.(微软公司的一项研究表明，人类的注意力持续时间从2000年的12秒下降到如今的约8秒，突显了数字媒体对我们集中注意力能力的影响。)”可知，数字媒体导致人们注意力分散，形成分心的习惯。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Our brains are remarkably adaptable, and the way we process information can change with our habits. Neuroscientists have found that regular Internet use can rewire neural pathways, favoring quick decision-making and surface processing over deep thinking. Nicholas Carr argues that the Internet encourages rapid, distracted sampling of small bits of information from many sources—a mode of thinking that is contrary to deep reading.(我们的大脑具有极强的适应性，我们处理信息的方式会随着我们的习惯而改变。神经科学家发现，经常使用互联网可以重新连接神经通路，有利于快速决策和表面处理，而不是深度思考。Nicholas Carr认为，互联网鼓励从许多来源快速、分散注意力地提取少量信息，这是一种与深度阅读相反的思维方式。)”可知，作者强调互联网虽有适应性优势，但本质上不利于深度阅读。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the challenges, how can we preserve and promote deep reading in the digital age?(鉴于这些挑战，我们如何在数字时代保留和促进深度阅读？)”可知，作者在提出问题后，下文逻辑应为探讨解决策略。故选A项。 6. In the early 1900s, when pursuing one of his many projects, the French chemist and inventor Edouard Benedictus invented shatterproof (防碎的) glass by chance, although its importance wasnˈt recognized until issues emerged within the car market. Such moments of serendipity reveal the unpredictable nature of innovation. Yet, even in cases where chance plays a role, as in Benedictusˈs story, the broader question remains: Are such discoveries truly born of luck, or were they somehow “in the air,” waiting for the right person to seize them? Some argue all the discoveries would have been made by other people. They believe if the time was ripe, someone would have got there. Independently, Charles Darwin and Alfred R. Wallace(the latter 15 years behind Darwin)arrived at the theory of evolution by natural selection, both counting on similar data. There existed slight differences in the theory, but the coincidences of thought were astonishing. This phenomenon, which also exists in biological evolution, is called convergence (趋同性): two non-closely related species develop similar functional adaptations. This is an important clue that can help explain why this pattern also exists in scientific knowledge: Different research teams face similar pressures to find solutions, driving them to pursue similar paths of inquiry. If we analyze the steps that led to the result, we can see that there were in fact some accidental elements. Yet is it really possible that all discoveries were “in the air”? All scientists are learning from those giants who have gone before them, and there is objectively a cumulative (积累的) element in science. Nevertheless, at some point and in the right circumstances, it was the unknown scientists, not the giants, who managed to see a little farther. The mind of the giant was imprisoned by prior knowledge, the framework of established habits, and established methods. The new, little-known scientist, on the other hand, will in one way or another have been able to break free of the chains of established knowledge. Therefore, it will be possible for them to imagine other worlds. This suggests that it will be innovators, with their prepared minds, who have a better chance of making accidental discoveries, namely that are irregular and unexpected. 1．In paragraph 2 “serendipity” refers to __________. A．late recognition. B．accidental invention. C．chemical innovation. D．emergence of problems. 2．The example of Darwin and Wallace is given to illustrate __________. A．independent but similar solutions found by different people. B．limited resources and technological difficulties in science. C．the important role of similar data in scientific research. D．fierce competition among scientists of different times. 3．What advantage might less-known scientists have over established researchers? A．Access to advanced tools. B．Greater funding opportunities. C．Stronger peer cooperation. D．Freedom from rigid mindsets. 4．Which statement best reflects the main idea of the passage? A．All discoveries are sure results of technological progress. B．Chance alone drives groundbreaking scientific achievements. C．Traditional methods prevent innovation and should be abandoned. D．Breakthroughs integrate accidental opportunities with prepared minds. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍科学发现是偶然机遇与有准备的头脑共同作用的结果。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“In the early 1900s, when pursuing one of his many projects, the French chemist and inventor Edouard Benedictus invented shatterproof (防碎的) glass by chance, although its importance wasn’t recognized until issues emerged within the car market.(在20世纪初，当这位法国化学家兼发明家埃杜瓦德·贝尼迪库斯在从事众多项目中的一个时，他偶然发明了防碎玻璃，尽管其重要性直到汽车市场出现问题时才得到认可)”以及后文“reveal the unpredictable nature of innovation(揭示了创新的不可预测性)”可知，第一段提到了偶然发明防碎玻璃的事情，揭示了创新的不可预测性，故划线词意思是“无意中的发明”。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Independently, Charles Darwin and Alfred R. Wallace(the latter 15 years behind Darwin)arrived at the theory of evolution by natural selection, both counting on similar data. There existed slight differences in the theory, but the coincidences of thought were astonishing.(独立地讲，查尔斯·达尔文和阿尔弗雷德·R·华莱士（后者比达尔文晚了 15 年）都提出了自然选择进化论，他们都依赖于相似的数据。理论之间存在细微的差异，但思想上的巧合令人震惊)”可知，达尔文和华莱士的事例被用来说明不同的人各自找到了独立但相似的解决方案。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The mind of the giant was imprisoned by prior knowledge, the framework of established habits, and established methods. The new, little-known scientist, on the other hand, will in one way or another have been able to break free of the chains of established knowledge.(那些巨匠的思想被先前的知识所束缚，被既定的习惯框架和既定的方法所限制。而那些新出现、鲜为人知的科学家则有可能以某种方式摆脱既定知识的束缚)”可知，那些不太知名的科学家相较于知名研究人员优势在于没有过于僵化的思维模式的束缚。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Such moments of serendipity reveal the unpredictable nature of innovation. Yet, even in cases where chance plays a role, as in Benedictus’s story, the broader question remains: Are such discoveries truly born of luck, or were they somehow “in the air,” waiting for the right person to seize them?(这些偶然出现的时刻揭示了创新的不可预测性。然而，即便在像本尼迪克特斯的故事这样的情况下，偶然起到了一定作用，但更深层次的问题依然存在：这些发现究竟是真的源于运气，还是某种意义上“就在空气中”，等待着合适的人去捕捉它们呢？)”结合文章主要说明了20世纪初法国化学家Benedictus偶然发明防碎玻璃，引出创新中发现是靠运气还是时代使然的问题。有人认为时机成熟自会有发现，如达尔文与华莱士，且新科学家更易突破常规，创新者有准备的头脑更易有意外发现。可知，这篇文章的主要观点是突破点在于将偶然的机会与充分准备的头脑相结合。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 细节题 ( 策略分析 ) 细节理解题依托文本信息与事实命题，命题人通过改写文章细节，考查考生对细节的精准理解能力 。在高考阅读理解中占比高，约达总题量一半，考点可源于段落单句或综合信息，涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、因果、方式，以及议论文里的例证、定义类细节，2026 年预计在应用文、说明文、记叙文阅读里，会更侧重这类题考查。 一、方法思维导图 二、设问方式和考题类型 常针对文中细节提问，可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。 1. 是非题形式：true/ false或except? All of the following are true EXCEPT _____. 2.特殊疑问句形式： According to the passage, who/ what/ when/ where / why / how… 3.填空题形式，如： To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised_____ （二）考题类型 1．高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。 2．底频考点：数字计算题； 三、细节题选项特征 (一) 正确选项特征 同义替换 指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose one's job换成了be out of work。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。 信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。 原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项。 (2) 干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。 无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容。 曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。 正误参半 部分正确，部分错误。 四、细节题解题秘籍 细节理解题有时较为直接，理解字面意义即可回答；有时则较为间接，需要通过归纳、概括和推理来解答。细节理解题占据了阅读理解总题量的约60%，是得分的关键。 无论细节理解题以何种方式提出问题，考生都应牢记一个解题原则——“本本主义”，即始终以原文为依据，无需阅读多个段落甚至全文后进行归纳总结或分析推理，正确答案往往对应原文中的某个具体信息。 1．直接信息题 考生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。 解题流程如下： 做题小技巧： 1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。 2.在出现一些关键词，如however、but、moreover、therefore、 thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。 3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项。　 4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, completely, none,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。 5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如： must, may, often, should, usually, might, most, more or less, likely, all, never，few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。 6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及。　 例1：2025年6月新高考1卷 While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. ... 8. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 第一步：定信息区间 抓关键 题干中的关键词：paragraph 1, phenomenon（作者在第一段指出的现象） 锁信息 定位第一段内容：While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. （核心信息：行人流动性下降；家长因交通问题，开车送孩子上学，而非让孩子步行。） 第二步：比对定答案 选项 选项意思 定位分析 A 汽车经常堵在路上 文中仅提“交通多（too much traffic）”，未说“堵车（get stuck）”，曲解文意 B 交通事故频繁发生 第一段未涉及“交通事故”相关描述，无中生有 C 人们走路更少、开车更多 “行人流动性下降（declines in pedestrian mobility，对应‘走路少’）” + “家长开车送孩子（pack them into the car，对应‘开车多’）”，同义替换 D 行人不遵守规则 第一段未提及“行人规则”，无中生有 分析：选 C。通过对比选项与第一段核心信息，“行人流动性下降”和“开车送孩子”共同指向“走路少、开车多”的现象；其余选项或曲解文意，或无中生有，故为细节理解题，选C。 二．间接信息题 相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。 例2：2025年新高考真题 While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. ... 9. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 第一步：定信息区间 抓关键 题干中的关键词：Canadian journalist, other campaigners, trying to do 锁信息 定位：用 Canadian journalist, other campaigners 寻读，在文中找到信息源——Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. 第二步：比对定答案 选项 选项意思 定位 A 保持他们的城市适宜居住 文中记者呼吁市长让纽约成为适宜居住的地方，类似运动也在其他地方开展，是同义替换 B 促进文化多样性 文中未提及，无中生有 C 帮助贫困家庭 文中未提及，无中生有 D 让高速公路可通行 与文意相悖，运动是反对用高速公路取代公园，曲解文意 分析：选A 。比对选项和信息句可知，加拿大记者及其他活动家开展运动，是为了阻止破坏当地公园，呼吁让城市成为适宜居住的地方，选项A 是对文意的同义替换，故为细节理解题，选A 。 三．概括、归纳信息题 是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应依据题干指向，找到文中相应的信息区间，然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳总结文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。 例3：2025年6月新高考2卷B篇 Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that’s not really what it is here.” “Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” … 5. What is a characteristic of Ho’s job? A. Prioritizing academics. B. Encouraging innovation. C. Treating various diseases. D. Playing multiple roles. 第一步：定信息区间 抓关键 题干中的关键词：Ho’s job, characteristic（Ho工作的特点） 锁信息 定位文中内容：“Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first... I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” （核心信息：Ho的工作不优先学术，而是兼任教练、顾问、安慰者等角色。） 第二步：比对定答案 选项 选项意思 定位分析 A 优先考虑学术 原文明确“academics don’t come first”，与文意相悖 B 鼓励创新 文中未涉及“创新”相关表述，无中生有 C 治疗各种疾病 Ho是医院教师，并非医疗人员，不负责治病，概念混淆 D 扮演多重角色 对应“coach, an adviser, and a comforter”（教练、顾问、安慰者），是对“多角色”的 同义替换 分析：选 D。通过归纳Ho对工作角色的描述（教练、顾问、安慰者），可提炼“多重角色”的特点；其余选项或违背文意，或缺乏依据，故为概括归纳类细节题，选D。 四．正误判断题 是细节理解题中解题比较繁琐的题目，说其繁琐，因为其信息不像其他类题目那样集中在文章的某一句或某一段，而是分散在文章的各个角落。对于这类题目，考生要静下心来，看清范围，确定方向，找到每一个选项的对应信息后，谨慎排除，综合选优。 例4：高考真题 Job for You Family Alliance Meal Delivery Family Alliance is looking for people who can deliver hot Chinese meals one to two times a week for people with disabilities in north suburban Fairfield County. All applicants must have a driver's license and access to a car. Gas will be covered for each delivery. Working hours: 10 a.m. To 1 p.m. Tuesdays and Fridays For more information, contact Charles Chen at cchen@famd.com Or call 740-6668988 Lancaster Design We provide full furnishings, like donated kitchen equipment and furniture items, for the new homes of people who were once homeless. We need people who can work at our warehouse（仓库）sorting and packing items to be delivered to families, repair donated furniture and more. Candidates will be matched with a task based on skill set. Interested? Submit your application to www.lancasterdesign.org Or call 740-6119735 Lancaster Weekly Would you like the opportunity to earn extra cash close to home? If so we have a vacancy in our team which would suit you. Both adults and youngsters aged 13+ are required to deliver our newspaper. You may have to cover some distance. Bicycles are available if needed. Working hours: 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. Saturdays For more information Call 740-6538360 Parkview Nursing Home Caregivers are wanted. We seek people who are patient and caring, and who have experience and interest in working with older adults. As part of the package, initial and follow-up training sessions are provided and accommodation is available if required. For more details, visit us at Unit 3 Park View Lane Or contact Ellen White at 740-6968399 2.Which of the following is TRUE about the Lancaster Design job? A.Applicants are expected to design furniture. B.Work is arranged according to one's skill set. C.It involves collecting furniture from homes. D.It favors applicants who are homeless. 第一步：定信息区间 选项 选项关键词 信息区间 A Applicants, design furniture Lancaster Design 部分 B Work, arranged, skill set Lancaster Design 部分 “Candidates will be matched with a task based on skill set.” C Involves, collecting furniture from homes Lancaster Design 部分 D Favors, applicants who are homeless Lancaster Design 部分 第二步：逐一比对定答案 选项 选项意思 原文意思 定位 A 申请者需要设计家具。 文中提及提供家具等，未涉及设计家具相关内容 无中生有 B 工作根据个人技能安排。 候选人将依据技能匹配任务 同义替换 C 涉及从家庭收集家具。 文中是整理、打包要送往家庭的物品等，未说从家庭收集 无中生有 D 倾向于无家可归的申请者。 是为曾无家可归者的新家提供物品，并非倾向这类申请者 曲解文意 综上，答案为B 。 五、细节题定位词寻找技巧 （一）特殊定位词 特殊定位词具有独特性，在文中容易快速识别，常可作为优先选择的定位词。 人名：如“ In Save Money：Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste” ，若题目涉及Matt Tebbutt相关内容，就可将“Matt Tebbutt”作为定位词，快速在文中找到相关信息 。 地名：像“Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.” ，如果题目与这次骑行之旅或者华盛顿特区相关，“Washington，D.C.”就能帮助定位。 数字（包括日期、时间、价格、数量等）：例如“Duration：3 hours”（持续时间：3小时），若题目询问该活动时长相关问题，“3 hours”就是明显的定位词 。 专有名词（首字母大写的特定名称，如组织名、机构名等）：比如“Good Morning Britain”（《早安英国》 ，一档节目），若题目围绕这个节目展开，它就是定位关键。 特殊符号中的内容：如引号、括号、破折号等符号内的信息 。比如“‘Save Money：Good Food’（《省钱：美食》），书名在引号中，可用于定位 。 （二）普通定位词 当题目中没有特殊定位词时，可考虑以下普通定位词： 名词：是普通定位词的首选，因为名词通常表达具体的事物，具有较强的指向性。 例如题目问“How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?” ，“Matt Tebbutt”和“Susanna”是人名可定位，“help”这个动作依赖的对象是核心，所以“help”相关信息也是重点，而“help”的双方涉及的行为，像“cooking matters（烹饪相关事宜）”这个名词短语也可作为定位词 。 动词：能体现动作和行为，也有助于定位。如上述例子中，“assists（协助）”“prepares（准备）”“buys（购买）”等动词，可帮助确定人物间的具体行为关系，辅助定位 。 （三）选择定位词的注意事项 避开高频词：文章中反复出现的高频词，不适合作为定位词，因为无法精准定位到某一处与题目相关的内容。比如一篇介绍环保的文章，“environment（环境）”一词多次出现，就不宜作为定位词。 注意同义转换：题目中的定位词在文中可能会以同义词或近义词的形式出现。例如题目中用“purchase（购买）” ，文中可能用“buy” ；题目中用“begin（开始）” ，文中可能用“start” 。所以平时要注重积累同义词，提升词汇量，这样才能快速识别同义转换后的定位词 。 （四）定位词实战演练： (1) 特殊定位词训练：2025年新高考真题 Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. 13. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. (2)普通定位词训练：2025年新高考真题1卷 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. 13. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. ( 真题 演练 ) 1. 2025年6月新高考1卷 A This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke. 3. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables. C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable. B In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. 4. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents. C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters. 5. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A. They were not given enough time. B. They had a very limited vocabulary. C. They misunderstood the question. D. They had little interest in the topic. C While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. ... 8. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 9. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. D Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 13. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 15. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 2. 2025年6月新高考2卷B篇 Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that’s not really what it is here.” “Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers (同龄人) outside the hospital. “I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems,” says Julie Good, director of pain management services at LPCH. “It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.” 4. Who does Ho teach at LPCH? A. Sick children. B. Young nurses. C. Medical students. D. Patients’ parents. 5. What is a characteristic of Ho’s job? A. Prioritizing academics. B. Encouraging innovation. C. Treating various diseases. D. Playing multiple roles. 7. How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good? A. It eases peer pressure. B. It helps them live in hope. C. It frees them from aches. D. It entertains them with stories. C When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 8. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 9. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment. C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity. D Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. 13. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. 3. 2025年6月北京卷 B Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay. Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? The shadow of this mysterious (神秘的) institution steals away what success means to us. My first step of redefining success began with course registrations. It is a well-known fact, especially in my school, that Junior year is the time of packing many AP classes into the schedule. When asked why they chose so many AP classes, my friends responded: “I don’t know.” They themselves don’t know why they are following the crowd and longing for the pressures of academic difficulty. Therefore, they do not feel the satisfaction of being academically challenged. 24. Throughout the Junior year, what was the author’s major concern? A. Pressure from choosing AP classes. B. Performance in group interviews. C. Competition with seniors. D. Recognition by colleges. 25. The author chose fewer AP classes because of _______. A. her own understanding of success B. her desire for academic challenges C. her strong urge to follow the crowd D. her dream of entering a top university 4. 2025.1 浙江卷B篇第2段 According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” 25. Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A. Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B. Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C. Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D. Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 5. 2025.1 八省联考C篇第3-4段 Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks. The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. Diversity and mixed-use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused. 30. How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built? A. Lined with plants. B. Painted with clear signs. C. Tightly connected. D. Convenient for the old. 6.2024 新高考1卷C篇 Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 7. 2024 新高考2卷D篇 Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 14. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A. Observe existing regulations on it. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 8. 2024.6北京卷D篇 But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. 25. In her 30s, the author _________. A. avoided oil painting practice B. sought for a painting career C. fancied abstract painting D. exhibited child paintings ( 押题 演练 )1. The Evolution of Aerospace: Trends and Prospects The aerospace industry is on the limit of a revolutionary era, driven by technological advancements, sustainability goals, and evolving geopolitical dynamics. As we approach 2025, several key trends are set to redefine this dynamic sector. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and autonomous systems are becoming deeply embedded in aerospace and defense. AI is enhancing air traffic control and flight management, optimizing (优先) light paths, and improving fuel efficiency. Autonomous aircraft, including drones and eVTOLs (electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing vehicles), are rapidly advancing. These innovations promise to revolutionize urban air mobility and military operations. The industry is also focusing an reducing its environmental impact. Electric and hybrid-electric aircraft are being developed by companies like Airbus and Boeing. Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) and advanced materials like carbon fiber composites (复合材料) are also gaining traction (拉力). These efforts aim to make air travel more eco-friendly. Space remains a critical domain (领域) for both commercial and defense interests. Private companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin are driving the commercialization of space. By 2025, we can expect significant advancements in space tourism, satellite launches, and lunar exploration. Governments are also increasing their focus on space defense, developing anti-satellite weapons and missile defense systems. Despite these advancements, the aerospace industry faces several challenges. Supply chain issues, workforce shortages, and geopolitical tensions are major concerns. However, the industry is adapting through AI-driven solutions, strategic partnerships and increased investment in cybersecurity. By 2025, the aerospace industry will be shaped by the integration of AI, the commercialization of space, and a growing emphasis on sustainability. These trends will create new opportunities and challenges, requiring innovation and adaptability. As the industry navigates these changes, it will continue to play a crucial role in global security, economic development, and technological progress. 1．How is AI being used in the aerospace industry? A．To reduce the number of flights. B．To optimize flight paths and improve fuel efficiency. C．To replace human pilots completely. D．To increase the cost of air travel. 2．Why is space defense becoming a top priority? A．Decreasing interest in satellite communication. B．Reduction in commercial space activities. C．Declining investment in space exploration. D．Growing reliance on space-based facilities and rising threats. 3．What challenges does the aerospace industry face? A．Supply chain issues and workforce shortages. B．Decreasing demand for air travel. C．Lack of technological innovation. D．Reduced investment in cybersecurity. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of the aerospace industry? A．Skeptical. B．Pessimistic. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 2. Research led by the University of Leeds has found that children do better at primary school if their fathers regularly spend time with them on interactive engagement (互动式参与) activities like reading, playing, telling stories, drawing and singing. Analyzing primary school test scores for five-and seven-year-olds, the researchers used a representative sample of nearly 5,000 mother-father households in England. According to the research, dads who regularly drew, played and read with their three-year-olds helped their children do better at school by age five. Dads being involved at age five also helped improve scores in seven-year-olds’ Key Stage Assessments. Dr Helen Norman, who led the research, said, “Mothers still tend to assume the primary carer role and therefore tend to do the most childcare, but if fathers actively engage in childcare too, it significantly increases the likelihood of children getting better grades in primary school. This is why encouraging and supporting fathers in sharing childcare with the mother, from an early stage in the child's life, is critical. ” Dads’ involvement impacted positively on their children’s school achievement regardless of the child's gender, ethnicity, age in the school year and household income, according to the research. There were different effects when moms and dads took part in the same activities - the data showed that moms had more of an impact on young children's emotional and social behaviors than educational achievement. The researchers recommend that dads spare as much time as they can to engage in interactive activities with their children each week. For busy, working dads, even just ten minutes a day could potentially have educational benefits. They also recommend that schools and early years education providers routinely take both parents' contact details and develop strategies to engage fathers and keep a record of father-engagement. Dr Jeremy Davies, who co-authored the report, said, “Our analysis has shown that fathers have an important, direct impact on their children’s learning. We should be recognizing this and actively finding ways to support dads in playing their part, rather than engaging only with mothers, or taking a gender-neutral approach. ” 1．How did the researchers conduct the study? A．By assessing parent-child relationships. B．By observing educational parent-child activities. C．By classifying children's individual interests. D．By examining children’s academic performance. 2．What does Helen Norman try to tell us in Paragraph 3? A．Shared childcare is highly beneficial. B．Education starts from the family. C．Children need a sense of belonging. D．Father excels in educating children. 3．Which of the following do the researchers recommend? A．Fathers reduce working hours. B．Schools involve fathers in children’s learning. C．Mothers keep track of children's studies. D．Educators find ways to support mothers. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Shift in Parents’ Roles in Childcare. B．The Impact of Fathers on Children’s Education. C．Mom vs. Dad: Who Influences Kids More? D．Interactive Activities: How Do They Affect Kids’ Grades? 3. The growing presence of space debris (碎片) in low Earth orbit (LEO)poses a significant threat to satellites and other orbiting assets. Consequently, the concern about destructive collisions (碰撞) and the potential for debris reentry to Earth’s atmosphere has intensified. Researchers are turning to artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to address these challenges to enhance debris removal, collision prediction, and orbit management strategies. One approach described in a paper presented at the 2nd near-Earth object (NEO) and Debris Detection Conference earlier this year, involves using a “genetic” algorithm (算法) to monitor the motion of space debris. Researchers aim to improve the capture and removal processes by focusing on slower-moving objects. Additionally, neural networks are being developed to predict and reduce collisions in LEO. These networks are trained on historical data to identify space debris Motion patterns and predict future paths, enabling effective collision-avoidance movements for active space missions and orbiting satellites. Historical statistics and predictive modeling have shown that the risk of such collisions is significantly higher in LEO compared to medium Earth orbit (MEO). However, it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations of AI-based approaches, as they assume that future conditions are similar to present ones, potentially ignoring critical variables such as atmospheric density. To address these limitations, constantly adding real-time information and updating is essential for improving the adaptability of AI models. By incorporating new debris detections and orbital changes, algorithms can better adapt to the ever-changing spatial environment. Balancing the use of AI with a comprehensive understanding of the uncertainties and challenges in space debris management will be vital for ensuring the long-term sustainability of LEO. Overall, integrating AI into space debris monitoring, removal, and collision avoidance strategies holds promise for safeguarding satellite operations and maintaining the charming beauty of photos from LEO. However, it is essential to remain cautious of these technologies’ limitations and unknowns and continually improve and update them with real-world data to enhance their effectiveness. 1．What is one of the concerns regarding space debris in LEO? A．The cost of debris removal. B．The effect on space exploration. C．The risk of disastrous collisions. D．The damage to the space environment. 2．How can neural networks help with space debris management? A．By creating predictive models. B．By employing genetic algorithms. C．By monitoring fast-moving objects. D．By speeding up the capture process. 3．What is crucial for dealing with the limitations of AI-based approaches? A．Regularly testing its adaptability. B．Continuously integrating live data. C．Studying past and present space conditions. D．Reducing uncertainties in debris management. 4．What is the author’s general attitude toward Al-based approaches? A．Resistant. B．Skeptical. C．Dismissive. D．Favorable. 4. Psychologists long believed happiness and meaning were keys to a good life. Recent research, however, reveals a third dimension (维度): psychological richness. In his book Life in Three Dimensions, ShigehiroOishi argues that significant life fulfillment requires embracing curiosity-driven exploration and transformative experiences alongside happiness and meaning. Oishi shares the story of a father and son. The father lived a stable life in a rural Japanese town, maintaining family traditions for his entire life. His son pursued a different path — leaving his home, studying abroad, and moving across continents. Although their lives highlight different priorities, both found elements of happiness and meaning. Even so, does that mean they both live a full life? Traditional psychology outlines two paths to achieve life fulfillment. The eudaimonic path values meaning through family, community, or professional dedications, while the hedonic path seeks happiness by enjoyable careers, rewarding experiences, or leisure pursuits. Yet both paths contain pitfalls. Overemphasizing happiness often breeds anxiety, as studies confirm lasting contentment stems from relationships, not achievements. Similarly, being attached to great causes risks burnout. Therefore, either happiness or meaning alone fails to account for the human need for a complete life. Psychological richness emerges as the vital third dimension. It involves lives colored by novel experiences that reshape perspectives — studying abroad, mastering complex skills, or overcoming difficulties. People who are curious or social naturally enjoy this. Even those lacking these characters can cultivate it through small decisions, creative hobbies, or minor risks like exploring unfamiliar neighborhoods. Even hard times can enhance psychological richness when regarded as opportunities to grow. As the son in the story, Oishi concludes that fulfillment lies not in choosing between happiness, meaning, or richness but combining them together. A farmer’s steady life and a traveler’s exciting journey both matter. Ultimately, the richest existence isn’t about perfection in any single dimension but the harmonious interplay of all three. 1．What factor best explains the father-son difference? A．Generation gap. B．Personal choices. C．Educational status. D．Economic conditions. 2．What does the underlined word “pitfalls” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Costs. B．Features. C．Advantages. D．Reasons. 3．What can be learned from the book? A．Personalities are difficult to change. B．Psychological richness develops with age. C．Traditional views should be abandoned. D．Life satisfaction is shaped by multiple factors. 4．What is the recommended shelf category for the book? A．Cultural Studies & Emotional Health. B．Personal Growth & Life Philosophy. C．Global Experiences & Art Appreciation. D．Human Connection & Career Development. 5. In an era when the average person checks their smartphone nearly 144 times a day, devoting oneself to a lengthy novel or complex piece of literature has become a rarity. The digital revolution, while bringing easy access to information, has degraded our capacity for deep reading. Deep reading is more than just processing words on a page; it’s an experience that involves critical thinking, empathy (共情) , and knowledge exploration. This form of reading allows individuals to engage with complex ideas and connect emotionally with texts. Historically, deep reading has been instrumental in education and personal development, cultivating a person capable of critical thought and innovation. In a digital age, the way we consume information has dramatically changed. For instance, social media platforms are designed to catch our attention through endless browsing and bite-sized content. This design can weaken our patience for longer, more demanding texts. A study from Microsoft Corp. suggested that the human attention span has decreased from 12 seconds in 2000 to about 8 seconds today, highlighting how digital media affects our ability to concentrate. In the digital landscape, attention has become what companies compete for, often employing strategies that disturb our attention spans. Notices, advertisements, and big data-based content make it difficult for readers to find the uninterrupted time necessary for deep reading. Our brains are remarkably adaptable, and the way we process information can change with our habits. Neuroscientists have found that regular Internet use can rewire neural pathways, favoring quick decision-making and surface processing over deep thinking. Nicholas Carr argues that the Internet encourages rapid, distracted sampling of small bits of information from many sources—a mode of thinking that is contrary to deep reading. The decline in deep reading doesn’t just affect individual cognition (认知) ; it has broader societal consequences. In education, students accustomed to surface-level reading may struggle with texts that require analysis and critical thinking. This trend can lead to a workforce less prepared for jobs that demand deep understanding and problem-solving skills. Given the challenges, how can we preserve and promote deep reading in the digital age? 1．Why is deep reading important? A．It promotes the use of social media. B．It boosts readers` innovative ability. C．It allows for faster decision-making. D．It enables quick scanning of information. 2．How do the Internet and digital media affect deep reading? A．They improve reading efficiency. B．They increase access to diverse resources. C．They contributes to divided attention habits. D．They provide new ideas for better understanding. 3．What message does the author mainly convey in para 5? A．The human brain has a strong adaptability. B．The internet has a positive impact on our brains. C．The way we process information changes with our habits. D．The internet disfavors deep reading despite its advantages. 4．What is expected to be talked about next? A．Strategies to promote deep reading. B．The future application of digital media. C．The benefits of digital reading materials. D．Historical examples of deep reading practices. 6. In the early 1900s, when pursuing one of his many projects, the French chemist and inventor Edouard Benedictus invented shatterproof (防碎的) glass by chance, although its importance wasnˈt recognized until issues emerged within the car market. Such moments of serendipity reveal the unpredictable nature of innovation. Yet, even in cases where chance plays a role, as in Benedictusˈs story, the broader question remains: Are such discoveries truly born of luck, or were they somehow “in the air,” waiting for the right person to seize them? Some argue all the discoveries would have been made by other people. They believe if the time was ripe, someone would have got there. Independently, Charles Darwin and Alfred R. Wallace(the latter 15 years behind Darwin)arrived at the theory of evolution by natural selection, both counting on similar data. There existed slight differences in the theory, but the coincidences of thought were astonishing. This phenomenon, which also exists in biological evolution, is called convergence (趋同性): two non-closely related species develop similar functional adaptations. This is an important clue that can help explain why this pattern also exists in scientific knowledge: Different research teams face similar pressures to find solutions, driving them to pursue similar paths of inquiry. If we analyze the steps that led to the result, we can see that there were in fact some accidental elements. Yet is it really possible that all discoveries were “in the air”? All scientists are learning from those giants who have gone before them, and there is objectively a cumulative (积累的) element in science. Nevertheless, at some point and in the right circumstances, it was the unknown scientists, not the giants, who managed to see a little farther. The mind of the giant was imprisoned by prior knowledge, the framework of established habits, and established methods. The new, little-known scientist, on the other hand, will in one way or another have been able to break free of the chains of established knowledge. Therefore, it will be possible for them to imagine other worlds. This suggests that it will be innovators, with their prepared minds, who have a better chance of making accidental discoveries, namely that are irregular and unexpected. 1．In paragraph 2 “serendipity” refers to __________. A．late recognition. B．accidental invention. C．chemical innovation. D．emergence of problems. 2．The example of Darwin and Wallace is given to illustrate __________. A．independent but similar solutions found by different people. B．limited resources and technological difficulties in science. C．the important role of similar data in scientific research. D．fierce competition among scientists of different times. 3．What advantage might less-known scientists have over established researchers? A．Access to advanced tools. B．Greater funding opportunities. C．Stronger peer cooperation. D．Freedom from rigid mindsets. 4．Which statement best reflects the main idea of the passage? A．All discoveries are sure results of technological progress. B．Chance alone drives groundbreaking scientific achievements. C．Traditional methods prevent innovation and should be abandoned. D．Breakthroughs integrate accidental opportunities with prepared minds. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $