专题03 阅读词汇（专题专练）（北京专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题03 阅读词汇 目录 第一部分 风向速递 洞察考向，感知前沿 第二部分 分层突破 固本培优，精准提分 A组·保分基础练 题型01主题词汇填空（原创） B组·抢分能力练 题型02语篇词汇精读（真题改编+原创） 第三部分 真题验证 对标高考，感悟考法 1. 考情核心 北京卷阅读聚焦 “语境适配 + 逻辑关联”，核心题型为细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测，重点覆盖文化传承、科技发展、社会热点、生态环保、校园生活五大主题，词汇考查侧重在语篇中的灵活运用。 2. 高频主题示例 文化传承：非遗、传统习俗、文化交流相关词汇（如 heritage、preserve、exchange） 科技发展：AI、数字技术、科技应用相关词汇（如 artificial intelligence、algorithm、transform） 【心理学研究与人的情绪发展的相关词汇如：psychology, participant, cognitively emotion, exhilarated, tearful, worry】(2025-2026北京市海淀区高三上学期期中考试) What are you doing later: wandering through Van Gogh’s landscapes, time-travelling to ancient Egypt? These are the kinds of “immersive” experiences we are increasingly flooded with. The immersive entertainment market globally was valued at around $114 billion in 2024, and it is predicted to almost quadruple to roughly $442 billion by 2030. As a journalist and life-long pop culture fan, I am simultaneously fascinated and unsettled by immersive entertainment. My most memorable experiences of it were personalised and powerfully emotive, making me exhilarated, tearful, even “cybersick”. When we are wrapped up in a narrative, particularly one relayed through a headset, we are removed from real time. It isn’t the escapism that worries me, though — great culture frees us from everyday constraints — it is the insularity (孤立). Immersive events stress the subjective viewpoint, often at the expense of the communal energy that fuels social atmosphere, so even packed-out immersive shows can seem like solitary pursuits, with human companions resembling NPCs (non-playable video game characters). The cultural academic Keren Zaiontz coined a sharp term for our consumption of immersive entertainment: “narcissistic spectatorship”. One study found VR use induced dissociative symptoms in 83.9 percent of participants. The long-term effects remain undefined, but research has highlighted recurring themes of addiction to the experience and isolation. Over at London’s Barbican Centre, Feel the Sound is a new immersive exhibition whose installations offer imaginative personalised features, including Your Inner Symphony’s “sensing stations”, which generate unique visuals by tracking our bodily reactions to music. Luke Kemp, who heads up the Barbican’s immersive programming, says these experiences respond to our need for “playful” cultural spaces, accessible regardless of prior knowledge: “It allows the audience to feel part of something”. Robyn Landau at Kinda Studios, co-developer of Your Inner Symphony, points out the link to interoception — our awareness of our body’s inner senses. “When we have these transformative experiences individually that connect us to ourselves, they actually transform how we show up in the world and the way we connect to others,” she says. According to psychologist Sophie Janicke-Bowles, immersive experiences “can have an incredible recovery effect on our mind, where we can detach from our everyday concerns and cognitively, emotionally and even physiologically get absorbed into something different”. But for me, there is still a curious tension at play in immersive entertainment, and I am torn about where the rapidly developing scene is taking us. It does give us an opportunity to tune into ourselves, but I am less convinced it amplifies our bond with those around us. If we remain fixated by our own reflections, then we are missing the bigger picture. Immersive entertainment might make VIPs of us all, but culture should also bring us together. 31. What can we learn about the author’s immersive experiences? A. They free the author from restrictions. B. They lift the author out of an awful mood. C. They leave the author feeling alone in the crowd. D. They cause the author to be emotionally unstable. 32. What can be inferred about Luke Kemp’s view on immersive experiences? A. They make people feel included. B. They lead to self-focused perspectives. C. They help with mental wellness. D. They transform our social interactions. 33. The author mentions Your Inner Symphony mainly to ________. A. restate an argument B. propose a concept C. provide an example D. present an opinion 34. The author considers Sophie Janicke-Bowles’s view ________. A. partial B. insightful C. confusing D. practical (2025-2026北京市海淀区高三上学期期中考试) 【社会热点：校园活动、社区服务、生活趋势相关词汇（如 donation、sustainability、volunteering）】 GoRice aims to empower and engage young people to learn more about issues such as hunger, sustainability and gender equality. After more than 10 years, GoRice is growing up. A Game with a Cause GoRice is a quiz game that raises rice grains for each correct answer. In GoRice, players have to earn rice grains to fill a virtual bowl. This “unlocks” the donations of the private sponsors who fund the program — raise rice and you raise money. The funds then go to support The World Food Programme (WFP)’s work in emergencies — in countries impacted by conflict, climate disasters and rising prices. Categories for All Ages and Interests GoRice has more than 60 categories covering academic subjects, general knowledge, the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and more. The most popular categories are English Vocabulary and the Multiplication Table. New content areas cover Women Leaders, Foods of the World and Pop Culture. These are the contributions of volunteers who include educational influencers, academics and GoRice fans. Now there are even more ways to learn and give back. The new GoRice aims to provide young people with resources and ideas on how to become advocates in their communities. Visitors can read stories on the Blog and submit their own stories to be featured on the program. Some of the latest stories you’ll find on GoRice include: • How climate change is affecting our food systems • 5 tips on how to live a more sustainable life • How to incorporate more pulses into your diet • The power of corn Schools are one of GoRice’s biggest audiences, so the new program also offers printable materials for the classroom, including an A-Z ebook that introduces WFP’s work, a toolkit for using the game and certificates of participation to reward players for raising rice grains. 21. How does GoRice help support WFP? A. By improving upon rice farming. B. By unlocking sponsors’ donations. C. By asking players to donate money. D. By providing material aid in emergencies. 22. What can we know about GoRice’s categories? A. There are over 60 categories targeting teenagers. B. The new content includes English Vocabulary. C. Most popular categories are from academics. D. Volunteers can contribute new content areas. 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a non-profit program. B. To attract people to submit stories. C. To persuade people to play games. D. To inform people of WFP’s work. 01阅读词汇填空（原创） 文化传承类 1.Paper-cutting is a precious intangible cultural ______ (heritage) of China. 2.Young people should ______ (inherit) traditional crafts and pass them down to the next generation. 3.The museum aims to ______ (preserve) ancient artworks and share their stories with visitors. 4.Cultural ______ (exchange) between countries helps promote mutual understanding. 5.The artist ______ (innovate) traditional music by adding modern elements to attract young listeners. 科技发展类 1.Big ______ (data) has become an important tool in modern scientific research. 2.AI technology has ______ (revolutionize) the way we work and communicate. 3.The new ______ (algorithm) helps optimize routes for logistics robots. 4.This ______ (digital) device can monitor environmental data in real time. 5.Scientists are trying to ______ (accelerate) the development of renewable energy technology. 社会热点类 1.Online shopping has become a common social ______ (phenomenon) in modern society. 2.Many experts ______ (advocate) reducing plastic use to protect the environment. 3.Volunteer activities can ______ (strengthen) social bonds and enrich people's lives. 4.Healthy living has become a popular ______ (trend) among young people. 5.The community launched a program to ______ (solve) real-world challenges for residents. 生态环保类 1.Protecting ______ (biodiversity) is essential for maintaining the balance of ecosystems. 2.We should ______ (reduce) the use of disposable products to cut pollution. 3.The government plans to ______ (promote) renewable energy such as solar power. 4.Deforestation has led to the ______ (destroy) of many animal habitats. 5.This new technology is ______ (sustainable) and friendly to the environment. 校园生活类 1.Good time management helps cope with academic ______ (pressure). 2.Students are encouraged to ______ (participate) in extracurricular activities. 3.Group ______ (discussion) can improve communication and cooperation skills. 4.The teacher assigned a term ______ (paper) on environmental protection. 5.She is ______ (diligent) and always finishes her homework on time. 题型 02 语篇词汇精读（真题改编 + 原创） Passage 1（文化传承类・2024 海淀一模改编） Chinese calligraphy, a precious cultural heritage, has attracted many young people in recent years. As more people realize the value of this ancient art, communities across China have set up calligraphy workshops. These workshops aim to help people inherit the art form—participants learn to copy works by old masters, and through constant practice, they refine their skills little by little.​ Calligraphy is more than just writing neatly. It requires focus and patience, and many people find that practicing it helps them calm their minds. The delicate brush strokes in each work also convey the creator’s emotions and spirit. Today, young people often share their calligraphy works on social media platforms. This not only lets them show their progress but also promotes the spread of this traditional art to a wider audience. This trend clearly shows that traditional culture doesn’t have to stay in the past. Instead, it can adapt to modern life and gain new vitality, making it more relevant to young people today. Questions 1.What does the underlined word "inherit" in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Invent B. Protect C. Receive and continue D. Ignore 2.Why do young people share their calligraphy works online? A. To learn new skills from others B. To show their progress and spread the art C. To get feedback from old masters D. To compete with other calligraphy lovers 3.Which word can best describe the relationship between traditional culture and modern life in the passage? A. Unrelated B. Conflicting C. Adaptable D. Unchangeable Passage 2（科技发展类・原创） With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), smart robots have become an important part of the logistics industry. These robots are equipped with advanced sensors and algorithms, which allow them to move independently in large warehouses. Unlike human workers, they can sort packages 24 hours a day without getting tired, greatly reducing labor costs for companies. However, the wide use of AI also brings some challenges. Many workers worry that robots will take their jobs. To address this problem, some companies have started providing training programs for employees. These programs help workers learn new skills, such as how to operate and maintain the AI robots, so they can take on new roles in the workplace. Experts believe that AI is not here to replace humans. Instead, it will transform the way we work. For example, robots can handle repetitive tasks, while humans can focus on more creative and complex work. Therefore, it’s important for people to embrace new technology and learn to adapt to these changes. Questions 1.What does the underlined word "equipped" in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Educated B. Fitted with C. Examined D. Experienced 2.How do companies solve the problem of workers’ job worries? A. By reducing the number of robots B. By providing training for workers C. By increasing workers’ salaries D. By hiring more human workers 3.What is the experts’ view on AI? A. It will completely replace human workers B. It will change the way people work C. It is not useful for the logistics industry D. It is too expensive for most companies Passage 3（生态环保类・2025 新高考 I 卷改编） Microplastic pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems in recent years. Studies show that even bottled water, which many people think is clean, contains more microplastics than originally thought. These tiny plastic pieces can enter the human body and threaten people’s health. To solve this problem, scientists have proposed several solutions. One idea is to develop biodegradable materials—these materials can break down naturally, so they won’t leave microplastics in the environment. Another solution is to encourage people to use fewer disposable plastic products, such as plastic bags and bottles. Protecting biodiversity is also closely linked to environmental protection. For example, many cities have started wetland restoration projects. These projects expand habitats for waterfowl and other animals, helping to maintain the balance of ecosystems. On a personal level, people can contribute by adopting low-carbon lifestyles, like taking public transport instead of driving, or saving electricity at home. Everyone has a responsibility to protect the environment. Only by working together can we build a sustainable future for ourselves and future generations. Questions 1.What does the underlined word "threaten" in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Improve. B. Benefit. C. Endanger. D. Support. 2.What is a biodegradable material? A. A material that is made of microplastics. B. A material that can break down naturally. C. A material that is very expensive. D. A material that is used only in bottles. 3.How can individuals help protect the environment? A. By using more disposable plastic products. B. By driving cars instead of taking public transport. C. By saving electricity and adopting low-carbon lifestyles. D. By ignoring wetland restoration projects. 1． 【熟词在新情境下的推断】 1. 词义猜测类（2024 新课标 I 卷改编） 原文：When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move to tasks that require mental abstraction. Question: What does the underlined phrase "shine through" probably mean? A. Become hard to notice B. Become easy to see C. Become impossible to prove D. Become difficult to explain 2. 细节理解类（2025 北京卷改编） 原文：The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages. Students record short entries after each meeting noting the language skills practised and topics discussed. To complete the programme, students need to attend 18 weekly one-hour pair meetings. Question: What is required to complete the Language Exchange Programme? A. Giving weekly lectures B. Attending pair meetings regularly C. Writing long essays D. Teaching new languages 3. 推理判断类（2024 全国 I 卷改编） 原文：Farber tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and improved after two or three treatments. What worked on him seemed likely to work on his patients, so he began offering acupuncture to pets. Question: Why did Farber offer acupuncture to pets? A. He learned it from his patients B. He benefited from it personally C. It was required by his job D. It was popular among pet owners 4. 主旨大意类（原创） 原文：Beijing has launched many initiatives to balance ecological protection and development. It conducts annual "physical examinations" for ancient trees and restores wetlands to protect biodiversity. At the same time, the city promotes carbon neutrality by replacing coal-fired boilers and expanding electric buses. These efforts aim to build a livable green capital. Question: What is the main idea of the text? A. Beijing protects ancient trees through strict rules B. Beijing advances green development through multiple measures C. Electric buses are popular in Beijing D. Wetland restoration is important for biodiversity 5. （保护野生动物，涉及生态保护词汇：environmental, biodiversity, wildlife, species等）（北京市清华大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考） Wildlife populations around the world are facing dramatic declines, according to new figures that have led environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world. The 2022 Living Planet Index (LPI), produced by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), reveals that studied populations of mammals, birds, reptiles and fish have seen an average decline of 69 per cent since 1970, faster than previous predictions. The LPI tracked global biodiversity between 1970 and 2018, based on the monitoring of 31,821 populations of 5230 vertebrate (脊椎动物) species. Mark Wright of WWF says the degree of decline is destructive and continues to worsen. “We are not seeing any really positive signs that we are beginning to bend the curve of nature,” he says. Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with monitored populations showing an average decline of 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazon pink river dolphin, for example, has experienced a 65 per cent decline in its population between 1994 and 2016. Meanwhile, some of the most biodiverse regions of the world are seeing the steepest falls in wildlife, with the Caribbean and central and south America seeing average wildlife population declined by 94 per cent since 1970. Habitat loss and reduction is the largest driver of wildlife loss in all regions around the world, followed by species overexploitation by hunting, fishing or poaching (偷猎). In December, governments from around the world will gather in Montreal, Canada, for the COP15 Biodiversity Framework, a much-delayed summit that aims to agree on a set of new targets intended to prevent the loss of animals, plants and habitats globally by 2030. “This is a once-in-a-decade opportunity that’s coming up,” says Robin Freeman of ZSL. He says it is vital that governments use the summit to agree on “meaningful, well measurable targets and goals”. “We need governments to take action to ensure that those goals deal with the complicated combined threats of climate change and biodiversity, in order for us to see a meaningful action,” says Freeman. But some researchers warn that the LPI’s use of a headline figure of decline is easy to be misunderstood. The findings do not mean all species or populations worldwide are in decline. In fact, approximately half the populations show a stable or increasing trend, and half show a declining trend. “I think a more appropriate and useful way to look at it is to focus on specific species or populations,” says Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data. But Wright says the LPI is a useful tool that reflects the findings of other biodiversity indicators. “All of those show they all scream there is something going really very badly wrong,” says Wright. 28. What does the underlined phrase in the first paragraph mean? A. Destroy and change nature. B. preserve the diversity of nature. C. Underestimate the benefits of nature. D. Love and protect nature. 29. In paragraph 2, the author mentions the Amazon pink river dolphin to show ________. A. the number of Amazon dolphins is on the rise B. freshwater vertebrates are severely stricken C. species overexploitation by fishing is the worst D. Wildlife in biodiversity regions suffers the most 30. What is Hannah’s attitude towards LPI’s use of a headline figure of decline? A. unconcerned B. critical C. sympathetic D. doubtful 31. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. The 2022 LPI is Revealed B. The COP15 Biodiversity Framework is Approaching C. Scientists achieved a Shared Interpretation of the 2022 LPI D. Actions are Needed to Save Declining Wildlife Populations 6. （心理学研究，涉及心理学研究相关词汇：psychology, subject, trait, genetic, intellect, research, experimentation等）（北京市延庆区2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考） Nature vs. Nurture Curiosity has always been one of the most innate and prevailing qualities of humankind. Our endless pursuit of truth and reason has resulted in a lot of crucial discoveries in the world. However, the more we uncover the world, the more we end up generating more questions to answer. Out of all the wonders of the world, human psychology is deemed to be one of the most controversial. The complexity of the mind and its reflection on human behavior has been a subject of many studies and debates. One of the oldest and, still, most talked about argument in psychology is the nature against nurture debate. Nature refers to the biological structure and processes that determine a person’s physical and behavioral attributes. Due to the advancement of genetics, scientists have uncovered that physical traits such as eye color, hair type, height, and life expectancy of a person can strongly be related to the genetic makeup. These discoveries have led to the speculation that most psychological characteristics like intellect, personality, and language acquisition ability are already pre-wired to our system through our genetic pattern. In contrast, nurture theory suggests that behavior is shaped from socio-cultural factors. This theory is guided by John Locke’s “blank slate” theory, which refers to the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with information derived from direct and indirect experiences. This theory states people’s characteristics and behavioral diversity are results of social and cultural influences encountered during their development. The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put forward by Sir Francis Galton, who believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He also believed that intellect can be passed from generation to generation. Thus, people with high intelligence have a major chance of having highly intellectual offspring, while people having lower than average intellect are more likely to have low intellectual offspring. However, the believers of nurture theory believed that intellectual ability is the result of inequalities in access to resources and opportunities. Thus, intellect is not a product of heredity but more of a result of the social construct. Countless research and experimentation have been conducted to put an end to the seemingly endless debate. Psychologists and researchers of the present already embrace the idea that a person’s character is highly influenced by his genetic makeup and the environment. The years of labored research on nature and nurture theory finally have borne fruit. Technology and research have expanded a better understanding of the human personality and mind, and will just continuously do as time passes by. 32. Why does the author mention “curiosity” in the first paragraph? A. To predict the research results. B. To emphasize the importance of exploring. C. To lead to the argument of nature against nurture. D. To raise the reader’s interest in the theory of nature. 33. What does John Locke’s “blank slate” theory suggest? A. Human mind is always blank. B. People’s behaviors are learned. C. Behavior is determined genetically. D. Culture has little influence on human. 34. What is the attitude of Sir Francis Galton towards the theory of nurture? A. Disapproving. B. Supportive. C. Neutral. D. Cautious. 1 / 25 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读词汇 目录 第一部分 风向速递 洞察考向，感知前沿 第二部分 分层突破 固本培优，精准提分 A组·保分基础练 题型01主题词汇填空（原创） B组·抢分能力练 题型02语篇词汇精读（真题改编+原创） 第三部分 真题验证 对标高考，感悟考法 1. 考情核心 北京卷阅读聚焦 “语境适配 + 逻辑关联”，核心题型为细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测，重点覆盖文化传承、科技发展、社会热点、生态环保、校园生活五大主题，词汇考查侧重在语篇中的灵活运用。 2. 高频主题示例 文化传承：非遗、传统习俗、文化交流相关词汇（如 heritage、preserve、exchange） 科技发展：AI、数字技术、科技应用相关词汇（如 artificial intelligence、algorithm、transform） 【心理学研究与人的情绪发展的相关词汇如：psychology, participant, cognitively emotion, exhilarated, tearful, worry】(2025-2026北京市海淀区高三上学期期中考试) What are you doing later: wandering through Van Gogh’s landscapes, time-travelling to ancient Egypt? These are the kinds of “immersive” experiences we are increasingly flooded with. The immersive entertainment market globally was valued at around $114 billion in 2024, and it is predicted to almost quadruple to roughly $442 billion by 2030. As a journalist and life-long pop culture fan, I am simultaneously fascinated and unsettled by immersive entertainment. My most memorable experiences of it were personalised and powerfully emotive, making me exhilarated, tearful, even “cybersick”. When we are wrapped up in a narrative, particularly one relayed through a headset, we are removed from real time. It isn’t the escapism that worries me, though — great culture frees us from everyday constraints — it is the insularity (孤立). Immersive events stress the subjective viewpoint, often at the expense of the communal energy that fuels social atmosphere, so even packed-out immersive shows can seem like solitary pursuits, with human companions resembling NPCs (non-playable video game characters). The cultural academic Keren Zaiontz coined a sharp term for our consumption of immersive entertainment: “narcissistic spectatorship”. One study found VR use induced dissociative symptoms in 83.9 percent of participants. The long-term effects remain undefined, but research has highlighted recurring themes of addiction to the experience and isolation. Over at London’s Barbican Centre, Feel the Sound is a new immersive exhibition whose installations offer imaginative personalised features, including Your Inner Symphony’s “sensing stations”, which generate unique visuals by tracking our bodily reactions to music. Luke Kemp, who heads up the Barbican’s immersive programming, says these experiences respond to our need for “playful” cultural spaces, accessible regardless of prior knowledge: “It allows the audience to feel part of something”. Robyn Landau at Kinda Studios, co-developer of Your Inner Symphony, points out the link to interoception — our awareness of our body’s inner senses. “When we have these transformative experiences individually that connect us to ourselves, they actually transform how we show up in the world and the way we connect to others,” she says. According to psychologist Sophie Janicke-Bowles, immersive experiences “can have an incredible recovery effect on our mind, where we can detach from our everyday concerns and cognitively, emotionally and even physiologically get absorbed into something different”. But for me, there is still a curious tension at play in immersive entertainment, and I am torn about where the rapidly developing scene is taking us. It does give us an opportunity to tune into ourselves, but I am less convinced it amplifies our bond with those around us. If we remain fixated by our own reflections, then we are missing the bigger picture. Immersive entertainment might make VIPs of us all, but culture should also bring us together. 31. What can we learn about the author’s immersive experiences? A. They free the author from restrictions. B. They lift the author out of an awful mood. C. They leave the author feeling alone in the crowd. D. They cause the author to be emotionally unstable. 32. What can be inferred about Luke Kemp’s view on immersive experiences? A. They make people feel included. B. They lead to self-focused perspectives. C. They help with mental wellness. D. They transform our social interactions. 33. The author mentions Your Inner Symphony mainly to ________. A. restate an argument B. propose a concept C. provide an example D. present an opinion 34. The author considers Sophie Janicke-Bowles’s view ________. A. partial B. insightful C. confusing D. practical 【答案】31. C 32. A 33. D 34. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了沉浸式娱乐体验的利弊，包括其带来的情感冲击、孤立感及对个体与社会关系的影响。 31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Immersive events stress the subjective viewpoint, often at the expense of the communal energy that fuels social atmosphere, so even packed-out immersive shows can seem like solitary pursuits, with human companions resembling NPCs (non-playable video game characters). (沉浸式活动强调主观观点，往往以牺牲激发社会氛围的集体能量为代价，因此即使是座无虚席的沉浸式表演也可能看起来像是孤独的追求，人类同伴就像非玩家角色。)”可知，作者的沉浸式体验让作者感到在人群中很孤独。故选C。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Luke Kemp, who heads up the Barbican’s immersive programming, says these experiences respond to our need for “playful” cultural spaces, accessible regardless of prior knowledge: “It allows the audience to feel part of something”. (负责巴比肯沉浸式节目策划的卢克·肯普表示，这些体验满足了我们对“有趣”文化空间的需求，无论是否有先验知识都可以参与其中：“它让观众感受到自己是其中的一部分”。)”可知，卢克·肯普认为沉浸式体验让观众感受到自己是其中的一部分，即让观众感到被包含在内。故选A。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Over at London’s Barbican Centre, Feel the Sound is a new immersive exhibition whose installations offer imaginative personalised features, including Your Inner Symphony’s “sensing stations”, which generate unique visuals by tracking our bodily reactions to music. Luke Kemp, who heads up the Barbican’s immersive programming, says these experiences respond to our need for “playful” cultural spaces, accessible regardless of prior knowledge: “It allows the audience to feel part of something”. (在伦敦巴比肯艺术中心，一场名为“聆听声音”的全新沉浸式展览正在举办。展览中的装置作品兼具创意与个性化特色，其中《内心交响曲》项目的“感知站”，能通过追踪人体对音乐的反应生成独特视觉效果。巴比肯中心沉浸式项目负责人卢克・肯普表示，这些体验满足了人们对“富有趣味性”的文化空间的需求，无论是否有相关知识储备都能参与：“它让观众感觉自己是某件事的一部分。”)”可知，作者提及该作品是为了通过开发者的表述，传递沉浸式体验与自我、社交相关的观点。故选D。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第七段中“According to psychologist Sophie Janicke-Bowles, immersive experiences “can have an incredible recovery effect on our mind, where we can detach from our everyday concerns and cognitively, emotionally and even physiologically get absorbed into something different”. (根据心理学家索菲·贾尼克-鲍尔斯的说法，沉浸式体验“可以对我们的心灵产生令人难以置信的恢复效果，我们可以摆脱日常的烦恼，在认知、情感甚至生理上投入到不同的东西中”。)”以及最后一段中作者的观点“It does give us an opportunity to tune into ourselves, but I am less convinced it amplifies our bond with those around us. (它确实给了我们关注自我的机会，但我不太相信它能加强我们与周围人的联结。)”可知，作者认可该观点中沉浸式体验对心灵的修复作用，但认为其未提及社交联结层面，观点不够全面。故选A。 (2025-2026北京市海淀区高三上学期期中考试) 【社会热点：校园活动、社区服务、生活趋势相关词汇（如 donation、sustainability、volunteering）】 GoRice aims to empower and engage young people to learn more about issues such as hunger, sustainability and gender equality. After more than 10 years, GoRice is growing up. A Game with a Cause GoRice is a quiz game that raises rice grains for each correct answer. In GoRice, players have to earn rice grains to fill a virtual bowl. This “unlocks” the donations of the private sponsors who fund the program — raise rice and you raise money. The funds then go to support The World Food Programme (WFP)’s work in emergencies — in countries impacted by conflict, climate disasters and rising prices. Categories for All Ages and Interests GoRice has more than 60 categories covering academic subjects, general knowledge, the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and more. The most popular categories are English Vocabulary and the Multiplication Table. New content areas cover Women Leaders, Foods of the World and Pop Culture. These are the contributions of volunteers who include educational influencers, academics and GoRice fans. Now there are even more ways to learn and give back. The new GoRice aims to provide young people with resources and ideas on how to become advocates in their communities. Visitors can read stories on the Blog and submit their own stories to be featured on the program. Some of the latest stories you’ll find on GoRice include: • How climate change is affecting our food systems • 5 tips on how to live a more sustainable life • How to incorporate more pulses into your diet • The power of corn Schools are one of GoRice’s biggest audiences, so the new program also offers printable materials for the classroom, including an A-Z ebook that introduces WFP’s work, a toolkit for using the game and certificates of participation to reward players for raising rice grains. 21. How does GoRice help support WFP? A. By improving upon rice farming. B. By unlocking sponsors’ donations. C. By asking players to donate money. D. By providing material aid in emergencies. 22. What can we know about GoRice’s categories? A. There are over 60 categories targeting teenagers. B. The new content includes English Vocabulary. C. Most popular categories are from academics. D. Volunteers can contribute new content areas. 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a non-profit program. B. To attract people to submit stories. C. To persuade people to play games. D. To inform people of WFP’s work. 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了GoRice这一非营利性项目如何通过游戏助力世界粮食计划署并鼓励年轻人参与公益。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据A Game with a Cause部分中“GoRice is a quiz game that raises rice grains for each correct answer. In GoRice, players have to earn rice grains to fill a virtual bowl. This “unlocks” the donations of the private sponsors who fund the program — raise rice and you raise money. The funds then go to support The World Food Programme (WFP)’s work in emergencies — in countries impacted by conflict, climate disasters and rising prices.(GoRice是一款问答游戏，每答对一题即可筹集一定数量的米粒。在GoRice中，玩家必须赚取米粒来填满一个虚拟的碗。这能“解锁”资助该项目的私人赞助商的捐赠——筹集大米，也就筹集到了资金。这些资金随后会用于支持世界粮食计划署（WFP）在紧急情况下的工作——在受冲突、气候灾害和物价上涨影响的国家开展援助。)”可知，GoRice通过解锁赞助商的捐赠来支持世界粮食计划署。故选B。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Categories for All Ages and Interests部分中“GoRice has more than 60 categories covering academic subjects, general knowledge, the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and more. The most popular categories are English Vocabulary and the Multiplication Table. New content areas cover Women Leaders, Foods of the World and Pop Culture. These are the contributions of volunteers who include educational influencers, academics and GoRice fans.(GoRice拥有60多个类别，涵盖学术科目、常识、联合国可持续发展目标等。最受欢迎的类别是英语词汇和乘法表。新的内容领域包括女性领袖、世界美食和流行文化。这些新内容由志愿者贡献，志愿者中包括教育界有影响力的人士、学者和GoRice的粉丝。)”可知，志愿者可以贡献新的内容领域。故选D。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“GoRice aims to empower and engage young people to learn more about issues such as hunger, sustainability and gender equality. After more than 10 years, GoRice is growing up.(GoRice旨在赋予年轻人权力并让他们参与进来，以了解更多关于饥饿、可持续性和性别平等等问题。十多年后，GoRice正在成长。)”可知，文章主要是为了介绍了GoRice这一非营利性项目。故选A。 01阅读词汇填空（原创） 文化传承类 1.Paper-cutting is a precious intangible cultural ______ (heritage) of China. 2.Young people should ______ (inherit) traditional crafts and pass them down to the next generation. 3.The museum aims to ______ (preserve) ancient artworks and share their stories with visitors. 4.Cultural ______ (exchange) between countries helps promote mutual understanding. 5.The artist ______ (innovate) traditional music by adding modern elements to attract young listeners. 【答案及解析】 1.heritage（文化遗产，固定搭配 “intangible cultural heritage”，非物质文化遗产） 2.inherit（继承，动词原形，与 “pass down” 形成语义呼应） 3.preserve（保护，动词原形，结合博物馆场景，指保护艺术品免受破坏） 4.exchange（交流，名词形式，“cultural exchange” 为固定搭配） 5.innovates（创新，主语为第三人称单数，一般现在时，体现对传统的革新） 科技发展类 1.Big ______ (data) has become an important tool in modern scientific research. 2.AI technology has ______ (revolutionize) the way we work and communicate. 3.The new ______ (algorithm) helps optimize routes for logistics robots. 4.This ______ (digital) device can monitor environmental data in real time. 5.Scientists are trying to ______ (accelerate) the development of renewable energy technology. 【答案及解析】 1.data（数据，“big data” 为固定搭配，大数据） 2.revolutionized（彻底改变，现在完成时，强调科技带来的颠覆性变化） 3.algorithm（算法，名词，对应科技核心术语） 4.digital（数字的，形容词修饰 “device”，指数字设备） 5.accelerate（加速，动词原形，“accelerate development” 为固定搭配） 社会热点类 1.Online shopping has become a common social ______ (phenomenon) in modern society. 2.Many experts ______ (advocate) reducing plastic use to protect the environment. 3.Volunteer activities can ______ (strengthen) social bonds and enrich people's lives. 4.Healthy living has become a popular ______ (trend) among young people. 5.The community launched a program to ______ (solve) real-world challenges for residents. 【答案及解析】 1.phenomenon（现象，单数形式，“social phenomenon” 为固定搭配） 2.advocate（倡导，动词原形，主语为复数，用原形） 3.strengthen（加强，动词原形，“strengthen social bonds” 意为加强社会纽带） 4.trend（趋势，“popular trend” 为固定搭配，流行趋势） 5.solve（解决，动词原形，“solve challenges” 为固定搭配） 生态环保类 1.Protecting ______ (biodiversity) is essential for maintaining the balance of ecosystems. 2.We should ______ (reduce) the use of disposable products to cut pollution. 3.The government plans to ______ (promote) renewable energy such as solar power. 4.Deforestation has led to the ______ (destroy) of many animal habitats. 5.This new technology is ______ (sustainable) and friendly to the environment. 【答案及解析】 1.biodiversity（生物多样性，环保核心术语） 2.reduce（减少，动词原形，“reduce the use of” 为固定搭配） 3.promote（推广，动词原形，“promote renewable energy” 意为推广可再生能源） 4.destruction（破坏，名词形式，作 “led to” 的宾语） 5.sustainable（可持续的，形容词，对应 “sustainable development” 理念） 校园生活类 1.Good time management helps cope with academic ______ (pressure). 2.Students are encouraged to ______ (participate) in extracurricular activities. 3.Group ______ (discussion) can improve communication and cooperation skills. 4.The teacher assigned a term ______ (paper) on environmental protection. 5.She is ______ (diligent) and always finishes her homework on time. 【答案及解析】 1.pressure（压力，“academic pressure” 为固定搭配，学业压力） 2.participate（参与，动词原形，“participate in” 为固定搭配） 3.discussion（讨论，名词形式，“group discussion” 为固定搭配） 4.paper（论文，“term paper” 为固定搭配，学期论文） 5.diligent（勤奋的，形容词，描述学生的学习态度） 题型 02 语篇词汇精读（真题改编 + 原创） Passage 1（文化传承类・2024 海淀一模改编） Chinese calligraphy, a precious cultural heritage, has attracted many young people in recent years. As more people realize the value of this ancient art, communities across China have set up calligraphy workshops. These workshops aim to help people inherit the art form—participants learn to copy works by old masters, and through constant practice, they refine their skills little by little.​ Calligraphy is more than just writing neatly. It requires focus and patience, and many people find that practicing it helps them calm their minds. The delicate brush strokes in each work also convey the creator’s emotions and spirit. Today, young people often share their calligraphy works on social media platforms. This not only lets them show their progress but also promotes the spread of this traditional art to a wider audience. This trend clearly shows that traditional culture doesn’t have to stay in the past. Instead, it can adapt to modern life and gain new vitality, making it more relevant to young people today. Questions 1.What does the underlined word "inherit" in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Invent B. Protect C. Receive and continue D. Ignore 2.Why do young people share their calligraphy works online? A. To learn new skills from others B. To show their progress and spread the art C. To get feedback from old masters D. To compete with other calligraphy lovers 3.Which word can best describe the relationship between traditional culture and modern life in the passage? A. Unrelated B. Conflicting C. Adaptable D. Unchangeable 【答案】1.C 2.B 3.C 【解析】 考查词义猜测。结合前文 “传承这一艺术形式’及后文“临摹大师作品、练习技能”，可知 “inherit” 指 “传承”，即 “接收并延续”，对应选项 C。 考查细节理解。根据第二段 “not only lets them show their progress but also promotes the spread of this traditional art”，可知年轻人网上分享作品是为了展示进步和推广艺术，对应选项 B。 考查推理判断。根据第三段 “it can adapt to modern life and gain new vitality”，可知传统文化与现代生活是 “可适应的” 关系，对应选项 C。 Passage 2（科技发展类・原创） With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), smart robots have become an important part of the logistics industry. These robots are equipped with advanced sensors and algorithms, which allow them to move independently in large warehouses. Unlike human workers, they can sort packages 24 hours a day without getting tired, greatly reducing labor costs for companies. However, the wide use of AI also brings some challenges. Many workers worry that robots will take their jobs. To address this problem, some companies have started providing training programs for employees. These programs help workers learn new skills, such as how to operate and maintain the AI robots, so they can take on new roles in the workplace. Experts believe that AI is not here to replace humans. Instead, it will transform the way we work. For example, robots can handle repetitive tasks, while humans can focus on more creative and complex work. Therefore, it’s important for people to embrace new technology and learn to adapt to these changes. Questions 1.What does the underlined word "equipped" in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Educated B. Fitted with C. Examined D. Experienced 2.How do companies solve the problem of workers’ job worries? A. By reducing the number of robots B. By providing training for workers C. By increasing workers’ salaries D. By hiring more human workers 3.What is the experts’ view on AI? A. It will completely replace human workers B. It will change the way people work C. It is not useful for the logistics industry D. It is too expensive for most companies 【答案】1.B 2.B 3.B 【解析】 考查词义猜测。结合后文 “advanced sensors and algorithms（先进传感器和算法）”，可知机器人 “配备” 这些设备，“equipped” 意为 “装有、配备”，对应选项 B。 考查细节理解。根据第二段 “providing training programs for employees. These programs help workers learn new skills”，可知公司通过提供培训解决员工担忧，对应选项 B。 考查推理判断。根据第三段 “it will transform the way we work”，可知专家认为 AI 会 “改变人们的工作方式”，对应选项 B。 Passage 3（生态环保类・2025 新高考 I 卷改编） Microplastic pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems in recent years. Studies show that even bottled water, which many people think is clean, contains more microplastics than originally thought. These tiny plastic pieces can enter the human body and threaten people’s health. To solve this problem, scientists have proposed several solutions. One idea is to develop biodegradable materials—these materials can break down naturally, so they won’t leave microplastics in the environment. Another solution is to encourage people to use fewer disposable plastic products, such as plastic bags and bottles. Protecting biodiversity is also closely linked to environmental protection. For example, many cities have started wetland restoration projects. These projects expand habitats for waterfowl and other animals, helping to maintain the balance of ecosystems. On a personal level, people can contribute by adopting low-carbon lifestyles, like taking public transport instead of driving, or saving electricity at home. Everyone has a responsibility to protect the environment. Only by working together can we build a sustainable future for ourselves and future generations. Questions 1.What does the underlined word "threaten" in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Improve. B. Benefit. C. Endanger. D. Support. 2.What is a biodegradable material? A. A material that is made of microplastics. B. A material that can break down naturally. C. A material that is very expensive. D. A material that is used only in bottles. 3.How can individuals help protect the environment? A. By using more disposable plastic products. B. By driving cars instead of taking public transport. C. By saving electricity and adopting low-carbon lifestyles. D. By ignoring wetland restoration projects. 【答案】1.C 2.B 3.C 【解析】 考查词义猜测。结合前文 “微塑料进入人体”，可知会 “危害” 健康，“threaten” 意为 “威胁、危害”，对应选项 C。 考查细节理解。根据第二段 “these materials can break down naturally”，可知可生物降解材料是 “能自然分解的材料”，对应选项 B。 考查细节理解。根据第三段 “adopting low-carbon lifestyles, like taking public transport... or saving electricity”，可知个人可通过 “节约用电、践行低碳生活” 保护环境，对应选项 C。 1． 【熟词在新情境下的推断】 1. 词义猜测类（2024 新课标 I 卷改编） 原文：When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move to tasks that require mental abstraction. Question: What does the underlined phrase "shine through" probably mean? A. Become hard to notice B. Become easy to see C. Become impossible to prove D. Become difficult to explain 【答案】B 【解析】考查语境猜词能力。前文提到 “纸质阅读更成功”，后文 “需要思维抽象的任务” 进一步凸显优势，结合逻辑可知 “shine through” 意为 “显现、显而易见”，与 B 项一致。 2. 细节理解类（2025 北京卷改编） 原文：The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages. Students record short entries after each meeting noting the language skills practised and topics discussed. To complete the programme, students need to attend 18 weekly one-hour pair meetings. Question: What is required to complete the Language Exchange Programme? A. Giving weekly lectures B. Attending pair meetings regularly C. Writing long essays D. Teaching new languages 【答案】B 【解析】考查细节匹配能力。原文明确提到 “attend 18 weekly one-hour pair meetings”，与选项 B “定期参加配对会议” 精准对应，其余选项无原文依据。 3. 推理判断类（2024 全国 I 卷改编） 原文：Farber tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and improved after two or three treatments. What worked on him seemed likely to work on his patients, so he began offering acupuncture to pets. Question: Why did Farber offer acupuncture to pets? A. He learned it from his patients B. He benefited from it personally C. It was required by his job D. It was popular among pet owners 【答案】B 【解析】考查推理能力。原文提到 “Farber 自己通过针灸好转”，进而推断对宠物有效，因此 B 项 “他个人从中受益” 是核心原因。 4. 主旨大意类（原创） 原文：Beijing has launched many initiatives to balance ecological protection and development. It conducts annual "physical examinations" for ancient trees and restores wetlands to protect biodiversity. At the same time, the city promotes carbon neutrality by replacing coal-fired boilers and expanding electric buses. These efforts aim to build a livable green capital. Question: What is the main idea of the text? A. Beijing protects ancient trees through strict rules B. Beijing advances green development through multiple measures C. Electric buses are popular in Beijing D. Wetland restoration is important for biodiversity 【答案】B 【解析】考查主题聚焦能力。文章围绕 “生态保护 + 低碳发展” 展开，列举多项措施，核心是 “北京通过多种方式推进绿色发展”，B 项涵盖主题词和核心逻辑，其余选项仅为单一细节。 5. （保护野生动物，涉及生态保护词汇：environmental, biodiversity, wildlife, species等）（北京市清华大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考） Wildlife populations around the world are facing dramatic declines, according to new figures that have led environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world. The 2022 Living Planet Index (LPI), produced by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), reveals that studied populations of mammals, birds, reptiles and fish have seen an average decline of 69 per cent since 1970, faster than previous predictions. The LPI tracked global biodiversity between 1970 and 2018, based on the monitoring of 31,821 populations of 5230 vertebrate (脊椎动物) species. Mark Wright of WWF says the degree of decline is destructive and continues to worsen. “We are not seeing any really positive signs that we are beginning to bend the curve of nature,” he says. Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with monitored populations showing an average decline of 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazon pink river dolphin, for example, has experienced a 65 per cent decline in its population between 1994 and 2016. Meanwhile, some of the most biodiverse regions of the world are seeing the steepest falls in wildlife, with the Caribbean and central and south America seeing average wildlife population declined by 94 per cent since 1970. Habitat loss and reduction is the largest driver of wildlife loss in all regions around the world, followed by species overexploitation by hunting, fishing or poaching (偷猎). In December, governments from around the world will gather in Montreal, Canada, for the COP15 Biodiversity Framework, a much-delayed summit that aims to agree on a set of new targets intended to prevent the loss of animals, plants and habitats globally by 2030. “This is a once-in-a-decade opportunity that’s coming up,” says Robin Freeman of ZSL. He says it is vital that governments use the summit to agree on “meaningful, well measurable targets and goals”. “We need governments to take action to ensure that those goals deal with the complicated combined threats of climate change and biodiversity, in order for us to see a meaningful action,” says Freeman. But some researchers warn that the LPI’s use of a headline figure of decline is easy to be misunderstood. The findings do not mean all species or populations worldwide are in decline. In fact, approximately half the populations show a stable or increasing trend, and half show a declining trend. “I think a more appropriate and useful way to look at it is to focus on specific species or populations,” says Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data. But Wright says the LPI is a useful tool that reflects the findings of other biodiversity indicators. “All of those show they all scream there is something going really very badly wrong,” says Wright. 28. What does the underlined phrase in the first paragraph mean? A. Destroy and change nature. B. preserve the diversity of nature. C. Underestimate the benefits of nature. D. Love and protect nature. 29. In paragraph 2, the author mentions the Amazon pink river dolphin to show ________. A. the number of Amazon dolphins is on the rise B. freshwater vertebrates are severely stricken C. species overexploitation by fishing is the worst D. Wildlife in biodiversity regions suffers the most 30. What is Hannah’s attitude towards LPI’s use of a headline figure of decline? A. unconcerned B. critical C. sympathetic D. doubtful 31. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. The 2022 LPI is Revealed B. The COP15 Biodiversity Framework is Approaching C. Scientists achieved a Shared Interpretation of the 2022 LPI D. Actions are Needed to Save Declining Wildlife Populations 【答案】28. B 29. B 30. B 31. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍2022年地球生命力指数显示全球野生动物种群大幅下降，分析受影响群体、原因，提及相关峰会及对指数的不同看法，呼吁采取行动拯救自然。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Mark Wright of WWF says the degree of decline is destructive and continues to worsen. “We are not seeing any really positive signs that we are beginning to bend the curve of nature,” he says. (世界自然基金会的马克·赖特表示，物种减少的程度具有破坏性，且持续恶化。他说：“我们没有看到任何真正积极的迹象表明，我们正开始扭转自然界（物种减少）的趋势。”)”可知，前文强调物种减少恶化，“积极迹象”应指向改善这一状况，“bend the curve of nature”结合前文“物种减少持续恶化”，指扭转物种减少的趋势，即保护自然多样性。故选B项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with monitored populations showing an average decline of 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazon pink river dolphin, for example, has experienced a 65 per cent decline in its population between 1994 and 2016. (淡水脊椎动物是受影响最严重的种群之一，自1970年以来，被监测的种群数量平均下降了83%。例如，1994年至2016年间，亚马逊粉红河豚的数量下降了65%。)”可知，作者以亚马逊粉红河豚为例，是为具体说明淡水脊椎动物种群数量大幅下降，即它们受到严重冲击。故选B项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“The findings do not mean all species or populations worldwide are in decline. In fact, approximately half the populations show a stable or increasing trend, and half show a declining trend. “I think a more appropriate and useful way to look at it is to focus on specific species or populations,” says Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data. (这些研究结果并不意味着全球所有物种或种群都在减少。事实上，约有一半的种群呈现稳定或增长趋势，另一半则呈下降趋势。“我认为看待这一问题更恰当、更有效的方式是聚焦特定物种或种群，” 来自Our World in Data的汉娜・里奇表示。)”可知，汉娜指出该指数的总体数据易误解，并提出更优的看待方式，态度带有批判性。故选B项。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中的“Wildlife populations around the world are facing dramatic declines, according to new figures that have led environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world. (根据新数据，全球野生动物种群正面临大幅下降，这促使环保人士呼吁采取紧急行动拯救自然界。)”以及第二段分析种群下降情况与原因、第三段提及COP15峰会旨在制定目标保护生物多样性、第四段对指数的不同解读可知，文章核心是围绕野生动物种群下降展开，呼吁采取行动拯救，“需要采取行动拯救不断减少的野生动物种群”最能概括全文，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。 6. （心理学研究，涉及心理学研究相关词汇：psychology, subject, trait, genetic, intellect, research, experimentation等）（北京市延庆区2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考） Nature vs. Nurture Curiosity has always been one of the most innate and prevailing qualities of humankind. Our endless pursuit of truth and reason has resulted in a lot of crucial discoveries in the world. However, the more we uncover the world, the more we end up generating more questions to answer. Out of all the wonders of the world, human psychology is deemed to be one of the most controversial. The complexity of the mind and its reflection on human behavior has been a subject of many studies and debates. One of the oldest and, still, most talked about argument in psychology is the nature against nurture debate. Nature refers to the biological structure and processes that determine a person’s physical and behavioral attributes. Due to the advancement of genetics, scientists have uncovered that physical traits such as eye color, hair type, height, and life expectancy of a person can strongly be related to the genetic makeup. These discoveries have led to the speculation that most psychological characteristics like intellect, personality, and language acquisition ability are already pre-wired to our system through our genetic pattern. In contrast, nurture theory suggests that behavior is shaped from socio-cultural factors. This theory is guided by John Locke’s “blank slate” theory, which refers to the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with information derived from direct and indirect experiences. This theory states people’s characteristics and behavioral diversity are results of social and cultural influences encountered during their development. The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put forward by Sir Francis Galton, who believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He also believed that intellect can be passed from generation to generation. Thus, people with high intelligence have a major chance of having highly intellectual offspring, while people having lower than average intellect are more likely to have low intellectual offspring. However, the believers of nurture theory believed that intellectual ability is the result of inequalities in access to resources and opportunities. Thus, intellect is not a product of heredity but more of a result of the social construct. Countless research and experimentation have been conducted to put an end to the seemingly endless debate. Psychologists and researchers of the present already embrace the idea that a person’s character is highly influenced by his genetic makeup and the environment. The years of labored research on nature and nurture theory finally have borne fruit. Technology and research have expanded a better understanding of the human personality and mind, and will just continuously do as time passes by. 32. Why does the author mention “curiosity” in the first paragraph? A. To predict the research results. B. To emphasize the importance of exploring. C. To lead to the argument of nature against nurture. D. To raise the reader’s interest in the theory of nature. 33. What does John Locke’s “blank slate” theory suggest? A. Human mind is always blank. B. People’s behaviors are learned. C. Behavior is determined genetically. D. Culture has little influence on human. 34. What is the attitude of Sir Francis Galton towards the theory of nurture? A. Disapproving. B. Supportive. C. Neutral. D. Cautious. 【答案】32. C 33. B 34. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕心理学中最为古老且备受争议的“先天与后天”之争展开讨论，介绍了“先天”和“后天”两种理论的内容及人们对这两种理论的态度。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Curiosity has always been one of the most innate and prevailing qualities of humankind. Our endless pursuit of truth and reasons has resulted in a lot of crucial discoveries in the world. However, the more we uncover the world, the more we end up generating more questions to answer. Out of all the wonders of the world, human psychology is deemed to be one of the most controversial. The complexity of the mind and its reflection on human behavior has been a subject of many studies and debates. One of the oldest and, still, most talked about argument in psychology is the nature against nurture debate.(好奇心一直是人类最天生和最普遍的品质之一。我们对真理和理性的无尽追求导致了世界上许多重要的发现。然而，我们对世界的了解越多，最终就会产生更多需要回答的问题。在世界上所有的奇迹中，人类心理学被认为是最具争议的之一。大脑的复杂性及其对人类行为的反映一直是许多研究和辩论的主题。心理学中最古老且仍然备受争议的论点之一就是先天与后天之争)”可推知，作者在第一段提到“好奇心”，是为了引出后文对心理学中最古老且备受争议的先天与后天之争的讨论。故选C项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In contrast, nurture theory suggests that behavior is honed from socio-cultural factors. This theory is guided by John Locke’s “blank slate” theory, which refers to the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with information derived from direct and indirect experiences.(相比之下，后天培养理论认为，行为是由社会文化因素塑造的。这一理论以约翰·洛克的“白板说”理论为指导，该理论认为，人类的大脑在原始状态下是一块白板，逐渐被来自直接和间接经验的信息所填充)”可知，约翰·洛克的“白板说”理论认为，人类的行为是通过后天经验学习得来的。故选B项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put forward by Sir Francis Galton, who believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He also believed that intellect can be passed from generation to generation. Thus, people with high intelligence have a major chance of having highly intellectual offspring, while people having lower than average intellect are more likely to have low intellectual offspring. However, the believers of nurture theory believed that intellectual ability is the result of inequalities in access to resources and opportunities. Thus, intellect is not a product of heredity but more of a result of the social construct.(“先天与后天”之争这一术语是由弗朗西斯·高尔顿爵士提出的，他认为智力是一种可量化的、可遗传的人类特征。他还认为智力可以代代相传。因此，高智商的人生出高智商后代的可能性很大，而智商低于平均水平的人生出低智商后代的可能性更大。然而，后天培养理论的信徒认为，智力是获取资源和机会不平等的结果。因此，智力不是遗传的产物，而是社会建构的结果)”可知，弗朗西斯·高尔顿爵士认为智力是遗传的，而后天培养理论的信徒认为智力是社会建构的结果。由此推知，弗朗西斯·高尔顿爵士对后天培养理论持不赞成的态度。故选A项。 1 / 25 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $