专题10 状语从句（复习讲义）（北京专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

目录 01 析·考情精解 1 02 构·知能架构 2 03 破·考点攻坚 3 考点精讲一 状语从句的分类及常见连接词 3 考点精讲二 状语从句常见引导词用法 3 考点精讲三 状语从句的省略问题 9 考点精讲四 并列连词与从属连词 10 01 析·考情精解 考纲解读及备考建议 状语从句是指在复合句中充当状语成分的句子, 它可以修饰谓语, 非谓语动词, 定语, 状语或整个句子, 补充说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。状语从句和名词性从句、定语从句一样是高考的高频考点。高考对状语从句的考查仍集中在对引导几大状语从句的连接词的考查上。做题时, 要培养自己分析句子成分、判断句意及分析句间逻辑关系的能力。 做题时, 考生需结合所提供的语境和储备的语法知识, 首先分析考查的是哪种从句, 再进行连接词的判断。状语从句考点主要集中在连接词的使用上, 比如until, before, since, because, as, if, when, in case等各种连接词的语义功能和语法功能。同时, 注意区分状语从句和并列连词, 如：and, but, or等。命题形式主要涉及完形填空和语法填空。另外, 在写作中状语从句也是有效的表达手段。 02 构·知能架构 ( 状语从句 分类 主要引导词用法 2. 地点状语从句 1. 时间状语从句 3. 原因状语从句 4. 目的状语从句 5. 结果状语从句 6. 条件状语从句 7. 让步状语从句 8. 方式状语从句 9. 比较状语从句 When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials. While the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes. It was three days before I came back. We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair. As soon as we got home, the telephone rang. Great changes have taken place since you left. Donald will remain in college until (till) he finishes his Ph.D course. He said he was happy where he was. I didn’t go abrord with her because I couldn’t afford it. As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain. Since traveling by air is much faster,they decided to take a plane. Now(that) you have passed your test you can drive on your own. The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand. Speak clearly so that they may understand you. Take your umbrella in case it rains. Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound. She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying. The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed． Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him. I did just as you told me.  We were as fortunate as them (they were) We’ll start our project if the president agrees. as 用法 时间状语从句 原因状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 as表示“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句,多强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生,从句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后。例如： As I waited at the stop, I heard a big noise. 当我在车站等车的时候,我听到一个很大的声响。 She rose up as he entered. 当他进来时,她站了起来。 as表示“因为”、“由于”,引导原因状语从句,其语气不如because强,通常为附加说明的理由,且是已知晓的原因,主句与从句没有逻辑上的因果关系。例如： As she was not well, I went there alone. 因为她身体不好,所以我独自到那里去了。 As he is a tailor, he knows what to do with this material. 由于他是个裁缝,他知道怎样利用这块布料。 让步状语从句 as表示“虽然……但是……”,引导让步状语从句,从句 通常用倒装语序,把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在as前面,可以用though替代。例如： Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子,但他知道的东西很多。 Hard as it was raining, they went on working in the field. 虽然天下大雨,但他们继续在田地里干活。 as表示“按照”、“依照”、“像”,引导方式状语从句,从句置于主句之后。例如： You should do as the teacher tells you.你应当依照老师所说的去做。 The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in space as they do from the earth. 空气的不存在,也说明了为什么在空中星星看来并不闪烁,而不像从地球上看的那样。 as表示“像……一样”,引导比较状语从句,对主句和从句的动作或状态加以比较,说明它们之间有相似之处,在从句中常省略与主句相同的部分。例如： He doesn't work as hard as I (do). 他不像我工作那样努力。 I hope the necklace was as good as the one you lent me.我希望我挂项链同你借给我的一样好。 since用法 时间状语从句 He has studied very hard since he came to our school. We have been missing them since they left here. 原因状语从句 Since you are not interested, I won't tell you about it. no matter + 疑问词和“疑问词-ever 都可以引导让步状语从句，表示”无论······；不管······都······“ No matter who you are, you must obey the law. Whoever you are, you must obey the law. No matter when Lucy comes, she says the same words. Whenever Lucy comes, she says the same words. No matter how difficult it is, we will try to overcome it. However difficult it is, we will try to overcome it. ) 03 破·考点攻坚 考点精讲一 状语从句的分类及常见连接词 类别 连词 1. 时间状语从句 when, as, while (当…时), till, until, since, before, after, once (一旦), whenever, every time (每当), the first/last time, as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, the moment, the instant, the minute, the second, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when (一…就) 2. 地点状语从句 where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere 3. 条件状语从句 if, unless, as long as, suppose/supposing (that), assuming (that), provided/ providing (that) (假如, 条件是) , on condition that (条件是), in case, if only 4. 原因状语从句 because, as (因为), for, since, seeing (that), now (that) (既然), given (that) (考虑到), considering (that) (考虑到, 因为), not that...but that ... 5. 让步状语从句 although, though, even if, even though, as (尽管), while (虽然, 尽管), whatever/whenever, no matter what/when… 6. 目的状语从句 in order that, so that, in case, for fear that (以防), lest (以防)等 7. 程度/结果状语从句 so that, so/such…that… 8. 方式状语从句 as (正如…; 像…), as if/as though 9. 比较状语从句 as...as, not as/so...as, than 考点精讲二 状语从句常见引导词用法 1. 时间状语从句 (1) when, while, as的用法 · when 的用法 (含引导其它类型状语从句的用法)： 1 ________ I jumped up when she called. 2 _______ (相当于and then, 做并列连词, 表示“就在这时......”)。 I was about to leave when the telephone rang. = I was on the point of going out when the phone rang. He was walking on the street when he ran across an old friend. I had gone only a few steps _____ I realized that my greeting had been impolite. 3 ________ (相当于since, 原因状语从句)。 Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already? 4 _______ (相当于although, 让步状语从句)。 They kept trying when they must have known it was hopeless. · while 的用法： 1 _______ (相当于during the whole time, 从句谓语为延续性动词) While she read the paper, I cleaned up the kitchen. They arrived while we were having dinner. 2 __________ (并列连词, 相当于although) While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 3 ________ (表示对比) (并列连词) Their country has plenty of oil, while ours has none. · as 的用法： 1 ________ (常用于动作发生时间较短时) He saw her as he was getting off the bus. 2 _______ As the election approached, the violence got worse. As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom. (2) before的用法： ① 表示 “_____________” We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. Please write it down before you forget it. She shut the door before I could say a word. We had to act quickly before things become worse. ② It will be/ was/had been﹢一段时间﹢before... 表示“___________” It will be half a year before I come back. It was/had been half a year before I came back. ③ It won’t be long before....表示“没过多久就...” It won’t be long before we meet again. (3) since的用法： since引导时间状语从句, 从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词, 主句的谓语动词是延续性的或 者是反复发生过的动作。 Since he graduated from the college, he has worked in this city. ① since从句的时态若是一般过去时, 相应的, 主句的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 I ___________ (write) home four times since I came here. ② 在“It is/has been﹢一段时间﹢since从句”句型中： It is/has been three years since the war broke out. 翻译：_________________ It is /has been three years since I stopped smoking. 翻译：________________ ③ 作介词时, since后要接时间点, 不接时间段。 He has been writing the book since five years ago. (而不是since five years) ④ 引导原因状语从句, 表“既然” (见4原因状语从句) (4) until/till的用法： ① until/till 在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词, 表示一个动作持续到某一时刻或某一动作发生为止。但在句首只能用until。 We waited till twelve and we finally got on the plane. ② 在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词, 表示相应动作开始的时间, 意为“直到......才”。 I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才开始工作。 It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ________ the late 1980s. (2021全国乙卷) 考点拓展： 在强调句式里, 一定要把not和until+时间状语都进行强调, 做成句型It is/was not until ... that...。 It was not until yesterday ________ I knew my sister was admitted to a key university. It was not until they had finished the work that they went home. 如果把not until放在句首, 主句要进行倒装, 而从句不倒装。 Not until they had finished the work did they go home. (5) once的用法： once引导的从句可以表示时间和条件。下面一句有两种意义： Once you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. = As soon as you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. (时间) = If you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. (条件) (6) “一 … 就 …”的用法： 除用as soon as外, 还可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly…when, scarcely…when 等。 I came immediately you called. The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call. No sooner had he arrived __________ she left. Hardly had he sat down __________ the phone rang. (7) 副词短语用作连词的用法： every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以 time 结尾的词语也可用作连词, 引导时间状语从句。 Next time you come in, please close the door. He didn’t tell me anything last time I saw him. 2. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句在句子中作状语, 表示地点, 主要由where, wherever, everywhere等引导。特别是where的用法, 意为“在…的地方”。注意：此时where ≠介词+which。 Sit wherever you like. Everywhere they went, they were warmly welcomed. After the war, a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre. 考点拓展：注意区别用where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句。 用where引导定语从句, 前面一定要有先行词, 而用where引导地点状语从句前面没有先行词。 填空： 1. Put the medicine ________ your children can’t reach it. 2. I will follow you ___________ you go. 3. I found my wallet _______ I had left it. 4. ________ there is a will, there’s a way. 判断从句类型： 5. You’d better leave the books at the place where they were. __________从句 6. You’d better leave the books where they were. ___________从句 3. 条件状语从句 条件有真实和非真实条件两种, 这里只讨论真实条件状语从句。 (1) if和unless ① if表示正面的条件, 意为“如果”；unless表示负面的条件, 意为“除非, 如果不”(if ... not)。 对于涉及unless的考题, 关键要读懂句意, 弄清语境。 If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock, we __________(not wait) for him. I shall go tomorrow unless it __________(rain). Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion ________ he wants their support. ② providing, provided (that), suppose/supposing (that), on condition that, assuming that等意思相近, 表示“假如”(比if更为书面化)。 Providing that it snows tomorrow, we shall play snowballs. (2) in case ① 引导条件状语从句, 其意为“如果, 万一；以防”。 In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了, 请提醒我。 ② in case of 是介词, 后接名词, 意为“万一, 假如”, in the case of意为“就...来说”。 In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 翻译：________________________________ In the case of the living conditions, the workers are satisfied at present. 翻译：__________________________ (3) only if和if only only if引导的从句用陈述语气, 意为 “只要...”；if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气, 意为 “但愿...要是...就好了”。 Only if we persist in carrying out the open-door policy ________ we achieve greater success. If only that photograph _______________(not miss)! 要是那张照片没丢该多好！ 4. 原因状语从句 (1) because, since, as和for用法 ① because, as, since 均表 “因为”, “由于”。because 语气最强, as 语气较弱, since 的语气最弱。因此, why引导的特殊疑问句必须用because回答, because 引导的从句还可以用于强调结构。 You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. As all the seats were full, he stood up. Since you are going, I will go, too. ② for 可引出表示原因的分句, 但它是并列连词, 不能放在句首。所起的功能只是一种补充性的说明以作为推断的理由。 He must be tired, for he went to bed early. (2) seeing (that), now that, considering (that), in that和given that也可以用来引导原因状语从句。 Now that you are old enough to judge things, you should start your own career. Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice. 理论所以有价值, 就在于它能给实践指出方向。 Considering that we needed to get the roof repaired, I think we paid too much for the house. Given that the patients have some disabilities, we still try to enable them to be as independent as possible. 5. 让步状语从句 (1) 让步状语从句主要由连词although, though, as, even though, while, whether…or等引导。 I had a very good time, although/though /even though I didn’t know anybody at the party. While there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was guilty. We will go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not. (2) 让步状语从句也可以由连词however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, no matter who, no matter what, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how等引导。 Wherever/No matter where you go, I would keep you company. (3) as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装, 将名词、形容词或副词等提到as前, 作表语的单数可数名词放在句首时, 该名词前不可加冠词；若提前的是动词或分词, 谓语要补加助动词do, does, did或will等。though引导的让步状语从句, 除了用于自然语序外, 也可像as一样使用。但although引导的让步状语从句必须用正常语序。 King as/though he was, he was unhappy. Successful as/though he is, he is not proud. Much as/though I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. Lose money as/though I did, we got a lot of experience. 考点拓展： though和although不能和but连用, 如果要强调前后两个部分的对比意义, 可在主句前加yet, still或nevertheless。 Although she has a lot of money, yet she is unhappy. 考点拓展：注意辨别名词性从句和让步状语从句。 ① 连接代词whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever引导名词性从句, 连接代词在句中既起连接作用, 同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。whatever相当于anything that, whoever相当于anyone who, whomever相当于anyone whom。 ② 从属连词whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever, whichever引导让步状语从句, 相当于no matter what (who, how, when, where, which)。 6. 目的状语从句 (1) so that和in order that ① 这两个连词短语都表示“为了, 以便”。so that从句一般放在主句的后面。in order that从句既可放在句首, 也可放在主句之后。 ② 如果表示“为了；以便”的目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同, 就可用in order to 或 so as to取代该目的状语从句。 判断对错: She went downtown in order to buy some clothes. ( ) He explained it again and again so as to understand. ( ) (2) for fear that和in case for fear that和 in case引导目的状语从句时, 都表示“以防”。in case后的目的状语从句多用虚拟语气, 但也可用陈述语气；for fear that后的目的状语从句一般要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形)。 Take an umbrella with you in case/for fear that it should rain/rain. (3) 目的状语从句常用情态动词may (might), shall (should), can (could) 和will (would)。 I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 7. 结果状语从句 (1) so...that和such...that区别： so 为副词, 修饰形容词或副词, 不可修饰名词；such是形容词, 修饰名词。 He made a speech _______ inspiring that everybody got excited. He had _______ many things to do that he was busy all day long. He made _______ an inspiring speech that everybody got excited. It was _______ fine weather that they went out for a picnic. 考点拓展： 当so 或such置于句首时, 主句要用倒装语序。 So clever a student ________ he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. Such ________ the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken. 注意：so/such ... that ... 引导的结果状语从句与so/such ... as ... 引导的定语从句的区别。 ① so/such ... that ... 引导结果状语从句时, that在从句中不作任何成分, 只起连接作用。 It is such a moving film that we all want to see it.这是一部如此感人的电影以至于我们都想看。 ② so/such ... as ... 中, as引导定语从句, as在从句中作主语或宾语。 It is such a moving film as we all want to see. 这是一部感人的、我们都想看的电影。 (2) so that 既可以引导结果状语从句, 也可以引导目的状语从句, 主要区别是：目的状语从句中的动词前要有may (might), can (could), should和would等情态动词, 表示某种可能性；而结果状语从句则不用, 表示的是客观事实。引导结果状语从句的so that前常有逗号, 而引导目的状语从句的so that前一般不用逗号。 判断从句类型： She left early, so that she caught the train. (_____________从句) She left early so that she could catch the train. (_____________从句) 8. 方式状语从句 (1) as和just as 这两个连词的意思是“如..., 犹如..., 正如...”。just as比as的强调性更强。 I will do as I am told to. They watched her closely (just) as a cat watches a rat. 他们严密地监视她, 就好像猫盯着老鼠那样。 (2) as if 和as though 两者意义相同, 从句可以用陈述语气, 表示可能符合事实的情况, 也可以用虚拟语气, 表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况。词义相同, “好像, 仿佛”。 It seems as if/though it’s going to rain. She treats me as if I were her brother. 9. 比较状语从句 (1) as ... as ...; not so/as ... as ...; the same ... as ... 表示相同程度的比较, 肯定句用as ... as ..., 否定句可用not as ... as或not so ... as。 Henry is as diligent as Peter (is diligent). John is not as talkative as he used to be. (2) than表示不同程度的比较, 主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。 Bill is taller than Bob (is). (3) the＋比较级, the＋比较级, 表示“越……就越……” The less she worried, the better she worked. as 和 than ① as和than引导的比较状语从句常常省去同主句相同的部分, 只留下相比的部分。 Bill is taller than Bob (is). I know you better than he (knows you). ② as和than连接的从句中, 常用替代词do或其他助动词或情态动词的某种形式代替与主句相同 的谓语部分。 Jack works as hard as Jim does. I bought fewer books than you would. 考点精讲三 状语从句的省略问题 (1) 如果状语从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语是it时, 而且状语从句谓语中有be动词, 可以将状语从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。 He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework. (2) 当状语从句中含有it is 时, 可以将it is 省略。 Come tomorrow if (it is) possible. (3) 在虚拟条件句中, 若含有should, had或were时, 可将if省略, 但必须把should, had, were放在主语的前面。 Had he arrived here in time, he would have seen Mr. Smith. Were I a bird, I would fly now. Should you work it out in two days, you would get hired. 即时训练： If ______ (give) the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. When ____________ (complete), the museum will be open to the public. Once ________(catch) stealing at the shop, you will be dismissed. Mother moved her lips as if __________(speak). You can leave the workshop earlier ____________(必要的时候). Please get here before 6:00 a.m. ___________(如果可能的话). 考点精讲四 并列连词与从属连词 分 类 连词 意义 例句 注意 表 并 列 and 和, 又, 而 I make the payments and keep the accounts. 表 并 列 not only... but also... 不但…而且… · Not only is that problem very important, but(also) it is very difficult to solve. · Not only you but(also)I am to blame. · The Great Wall is made not only of bricks and stones but of flesh and blood of the working people. (1)放在句首时, 如果连接一个分句, 表示强调, 这时要用倒装句；若连接两个主语则不用倒装。 (2)连接两个主语, 谓语动词的形式采用就近原则。 (3)连接一个句子的相同的句子成分。 表并列 as well as 也, 又 · A teacher should entertain as well as teach. · Your brother as well as you is very kind to me. · We should know about why we should do it as well as how to do it in learning. (1)连接两个并列成分作主语时, 句子谓语动词应与前面那个名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (2)与汉语语序不尽相同。它所强调的是前者。 表并列 both... and.. 既…又 … Both my brother and my sister ran to help me. 表时间 when 就在那时 · We were about to leave when it began to rain. · I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. 相当于and then, at that time, just then, 一般置于第二个分句句首, 时态多用过去时。 表转折 but 但是 He is old, but he looks young. but表示转折时, 不能与从属连词although/though/as/in spite of/despite出现在同一个句子中。 表转折 yet 然而 He got up early, (and) yet he failed to catch the early bus. 表转折 however 可是, 尽管如此 · He knew what he wanted, however, he didn’t know how to get it. · However, we’ll look into the matter. 可置于句首、句中、句末, 常用逗号与分句隔开。 表转折 nevertheless 但是 She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on doing homework. 表因果 so 因此 · It was rather late, so we decided to go home. · She coughed badly, (and)so she went to see a doctor. 不能与because, since, as同时用在同一个句子中, so指由很清楚的原因导致的结果。 表因果 for 因为, 由于 It must have rained last night, for the road is still wet. 只能放在句末, 用逗号隔开, 表示推断的理由, 是一种补充说明的原因。 表因果 therefore 因此 He broke the law, therefore, he was put into prison. 为正式的书面用语。指通过严密的推理而得出的结果。 表因果 thus 因此, 所以 She worked hard, thus she passed the exam. 指更严密的推理, 也指直接的结果。 表对比 while 而 Some people like hot food, while others like sweet food. 表对比 whereas 然而 They want to buy a new house, whereas we would rather live in the old house. 表选择 or, or else, otherwise 或者 · Hurry up, or/or else/other- wise you will miss the train. · Do what you’ve been told, otherwise you will be punished. · I was as busy as a bee, otherwise/or I would have helped you. or常用于“祈使句＋or＋简单句”, 这种句型同样适用于or else和otherwise。 表选择 either...or... 要么… 要么… Either you or he is right. 连接并列主语时, 谓语动词的数与最近的主语保持一致。 1. (2024年新高考I卷改) I’ve come to accept that __________ goals I set for myself, they just have to be my own. 2. (2024年新高考II卷改) I like traveling in France, but __________ it came to picking my favorite spot to settle, Italy was the clear winner. 3. (2024年新高考II卷改) __________ they could never have met, there are common themes in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 4. (2024年浙江卷1月改) The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, __________ you’re shopping for one, buying extra to benefit from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 5. (2024年全国甲卷改) One day, we had a family dinner. __________ the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the kitchen to help my grandmother wash dishes. 6. (2023年新高考II卷改) __________ I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach… the animals? 7. (2023年新高考I卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), __________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 8. (2023年新高考II卷) It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop __________ to see the pandas settle into their new home. 9. (2023年全国乙卷) It (指代古今相融建筑风格) is a distinct visual contrast that shouldn’t work, __________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 10. (2023年浙江卷1月) During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing, __________ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. 11. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷) After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, __________ leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. 12. (2022年新高考II卷) He hung on for a few minutes __________ screamed for his father, but his father didn’t hear him. 13. (2022年新高考II卷) “He saved my son’s life,” said Mrs. Brown. “I don’t know __________ to thank him.” 14. (2022年新高考II卷) __________ we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. 15. (2022年全国II卷) Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. That is partly __________ people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 目录 01 析·考情精解 1 02 构·知能架构 2 03 破·考点攻坚 3 考点精讲一 状语从句的分类及常见连接词 3 考点精讲二 状语从句常见引导词用法 3 考点精讲三 状语从句的省略问题 9 考点精讲四 并列连词与从属连词 10 01 析·考情精解 考纲解读及备考建议 状语从句是指在复合句中充当状语成分的句子, 它可以修饰谓语, 非谓语动词, 定语, 状语或整个句子, 补充说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。状语从句和名词性从句、定语从句一样是高考的高频考点。高考对状语从句的考查仍集中在对引导几大状语从句的连接词的考查上。做题时, 要培养自己分析句子成分、判断句意及分析句间逻辑关系的能力。 做题时, 考生需结合所提供的语境和储备的语法知识, 首先分析考查的是哪种从句, 再进行连接词的判断。状语从句考点主要集中在连接词的使用上, 比如until, before, since, because, as, if, when, in case等各种连接词的语义功能和语法功能。同时, 注意区分状语从句和并列连词, 如：and, but, or等。命题形式主要涉及完形填空和语法填空。另外, 在写作中状语从句也是有效的表达手段。 02 构·知能架构 ( 状语从句 分类 主要引导词用法 2. 地点状语从句 1. 时间状语从句 3. 原因状语从句 4. 目的状语从句 5. 结果状语从句 6. 条件状语从句 7. 让步状语从句 8. 方式状语从句 9. 比较状语从句 When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials. While the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes. It was three days before I came back. We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair. As soon as we got home, the telephone rang. Great changes have taken place since you left. Donald will remain in college until (till) he finishes his Ph.D course. He said he was happy where he was. I didn’t go abrord with her because I couldn’t afford it. As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain. Since traveling by air is much faster,they decided to take a plane. Now(that) you have passed your test you can drive on your own. The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand. Speak clearly so that they may understand you. Take your umbrella in case it rains. Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound. She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying. The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed． Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him. I did just as you told me.  We were as fortunate as them (they were) We’ll start our project if the president agrees. as 用法 时间状语从句 原因状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 as表示“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句,多强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生,从句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后。例如： As I waited at the stop, I heard a big noise. 当我在车站等车的时候,我听到一个很大的声响。 She rose up as he entered. 当他进来时,她站了起来。 as表示“因为”、“由于”,引导原因状语从句,其语气不如because强,通常为附加说明的理由,且是已知晓的原因,主句与从句没有逻辑上的因果关系。例如： As she was not well, I went there alone. 因为她身体不好,所以我独自到那里去了。 As he is a tailor, he knows what to do with this material. 由于他是个裁缝,他知道怎样利用这块布料。 让步状语从句 as表示“虽然……但是……”,引导让步状语从句,从句 通常用倒装语序,把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在as前面,可以用though替代。例如： Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子,但他知道的东西很多。 Hard as it was raining, they went on working in the field. 虽然天下大雨,但他们继续在田地里干活。 as表示“按照”、“依照”、“像”,引导方式状语从句,从句置于主句之后。例如： You should do as the teacher tells you.你应当依照老师所说的去做。 The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in space as they do from the earth. 空气的不存在,也说明了为什么在空中星星看来并不闪烁,而不像从地球上看的那样。 as表示“像……一样”,引导比较状语从句,对主句和从句的动作或状态加以比较,说明它们之间有相似之处,在从句中常省略与主句相同的部分。例如： He doesn't work as hard as I (do). 他不像我工作那样努力。 I hope the necklace was as good as the one you lent me.我希望我挂项链同你借给我的一样好。 since用法 时间状语从句 He has studied very hard since he came to our school. We have been missing them since they left here. 原因状语从句 Since you are not interested, I won't tell you about it. no matter + 疑问词和“疑问词-ever 都可以引导让步状语从句，表示”无论······；不管······都······“ No matter who you are, you must obey the law. Whoever you are, you must obey the law. No matter when Lucy comes, she says the same words. Whenever Lucy comes, she says the same words. No matter how difficult it is, we will try to overcome it. However difficult it is, we will try to overcome it. ) 03 破·考点攻坚 考点精讲一 状语从句的分类及常见连接词 类别 连词 1. 时间状语从句 when, as, while (当…时), till, until, since, before, after, once (一旦), whenever, every time (每当), the first/last time, as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, the moment, the instant, the minute, the second, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when (一…就) 2. 地点状语从句 where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere 3. 条件状语从句 if, unless, as long as, suppose/supposing (that), assuming (that), provided/ providing (that) (假如, 条件是) , on condition that (条件是), in case, if only 4. 原因状语从句 because, as (因为), for, since, seeing (that), now (that) (既然), given (that) (考虑到), considering (that) (考虑到, 因为), not that...but that ... 5. 让步状语从句 although, though, even if, even though, as (尽管), while (虽然, 尽管), whatever/whenever, no matter what/when… 6. 目的状语从句 in order that, so that, in case, for fear that (以防), lest (以防)等 7. 程度/结果状语从句 so that, so/such…that… 8. 方式状语从句 as (正如…; 像…), as if/as though 9. 比较状语从句 as...as, not as/so...as, than 考点精讲二 状语从句常见引导词用法 1. 时间状语从句 (1) when, while, as的用法 · when 的用法 (含引导其它类型状语从句的用法)： 1 ____当…的时候____ I jumped up when she called. 2 ____正在那时, 突然___ (相当于and then, 做并列连词, 表示“就在这时......”)。 I was about to leave when the telephone rang. = I was on the point of going out when the phone rang. He was walking on the street when he ran across an old friend. I had gone only a few steps __when___ I realized that my greeting had been impolite. 3 ____考虑到；既然____ (相当于since, 原因状语从句)。 Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already? 4 ____虽然；尽管___ (相当于although, 让步状语从句)。 They kept trying when they must have known it was hopeless. · while 的用法： 1 ___当……的时候；和……的同时____ (相当于during the whole time, 从句谓语为延续性动词) While she read the paper, I cleaned up the kitchen. They arrived while we were having dinner. 2 ____尽管______ (并列连词, 相当于although) While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 3 ____但是；却；而；反之____ (表示对比) (并列连词) Their country has plenty of oil, while ours has none. · as 的用法： 1 ____正当......之时____ (常用于动作发生时间较短时) He saw her as he was getting off the bus. 2 ____随着......___ As the election approached, the violence got worse. As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom. (2) before的用法： ① 表示 “___还未...就...；不到...就...; ...才...; 趁；还没来得及_” We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. Please write it down before you forget it. She shut the door before I could say a word. We had to act quickly before things become worse. ② It will be/ was/had been﹢一段时间﹢before... 表示“___多久之后才...___” It will be half a year before I come back. It was/had been half a year before I came back. ③ It won’t be long before....表示“没过多久就...” It won’t be long before we meet again. (3) since的用法： since引导时间状语从句, 从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词, 主句的谓语动词是延续性的或 者是反复发生过的动作。 Since he graduated from the college, he has worked in this city. ① since从句的时态若是一般过去时, 相应的, 主句的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 I __ have written ___ (write) home four times since I came here. ② 在“It is/has been﹢一段时间﹢since从句”句型中： It is/has been three years since the war broke out. 翻译：__自从战争爆发已经三年了。_ It is /has been three years since I stopped smoking. 翻译：_____我戒烟三年了。____ ③ 作介词时, since后要接时间点, 不接时间段。 He has been writing the book since five years ago. (而不是since five years) ④ 引导原因状语从句, 表“既然” (见4原因状语从句) (4) until/till的用法： ① until/till 在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词, 表示一个动作持续到某一时刻或某一动作发生为止。但在句首只能用until。 We waited till twelve and we finally got on the plane. ② 在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词, 表示相应动作开始的时间, 意为“直到......才”。 I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才开始工作。 It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ____ until ____ the late 1980s. (2021全国乙卷) 考点拓展： 在强调句式里, 一定要把not和until+时间状语都进行强调, 做成句型It is/was not until ... that...。 It was not until yesterday ____ that ____ I knew my sister was admitted to a key university. It was not until they had finished the work that they went home. 如果把not until放在句首, 主句要进行倒装, 而从句不倒装。 Not until they had finished the work did they go home. (5) once的用法： once引导的从句可以表示时间和条件。下面一句有两种意义： Once you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. = As soon as you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. (时间) = If you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. (条件) (6) “一 … 就 …”的用法： 除用as soon as外, 还可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly…when, scarcely…when 等。 I came immediately you called. The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call. No sooner had he arrived ____ than ______ she left. Hardly had he sat down ____ when ______ the phone rang. (7) 副词短语用作连词的用法： every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以 time 结尾的词语也可用作连词, 引导时间状语从句。 Next time you come in, please close the door. He didn’t tell me anything last time I saw him. 2. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句在句子中作状语, 表示地点, 主要由where, wherever, everywhere等引导。特别是where的用法, 意为“在…的地方”。注意：此时where ≠介词+which。 Sit wherever you like. Everywhere they went, they were warmly welcomed. After the war, a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre. 考点拓展：注意区别用where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句。 用where引导定语从句, 前面一定要有先行词, 而用where引导地点状语从句前面没有先行词。 填空： 1. Put the medicine ____ where ____ your children can’t reach it. 2. I will follow you ____ wherever _______ you go. 3. I found my wallet ___ where ____ I had left it. 4. __ Where ______ there is a will, there’s a way. 判断从句类型： 5. You’d better leave the books at the place where they were. ______定语______从句 6. You’d better leave the books where they were. ____地点状语________从句 3. 条件状语从句 条件有真实和非真实条件两种, 这里只讨论真实条件状语从句。 (1) if和unless ① if表示正面的条件, 意为“如果”；unless表示负面的条件, 意为“除非, 如果不”(if ... not)。 对于涉及unless的考题, 关键要读懂句意, 弄清语境。 If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock, we ____ won’t wait ______(not wait) for him. I shall go tomorrow unless it ____ rains ______(rain). Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion ____ unless ____ he wants their support. ② providing, provided (that), suppose/supposing (that), on condition that, assuming that等意思相近, 表示“假如”(比if更为书面化)。 Providing that it snows tomorrow, we shall play snowballs. (2) in case ① 引导条件状语从句, 其意为“如果, 万一；以防”。 In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了, 请提醒我。 ② in case of 是介词, 后接名词, 意为“万一, 假如”, in the case of意为“就...来说”。 In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 翻译：_________万一着火就按响这个警铃_________________________ In the case of the living conditions, the workers are satisfied at present. 翻译：____________就居住条件而言, 工人们现在是很满意的。_______________ (3) only if和if only only if引导的从句用陈述语气, 意为 “只要...”；if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气, 意为 “但愿...要是...就好了”。 Only if we persist in carrying out the open-door policy ___ will _____ we achieve greater success. If only that photograph ______ weren’t missing _________(not miss)! 要是那张照片没丢该多好！ 4. 原因状语从句 (1) because, since, as和for用法 ① because, as, since 均表 “因为”, “由于”。because 语气最强, as 语气较弱, since 的语气最弱。因此, why引导的特殊疑问句必须用because回答, because 引导的从句还可以用于强调结构。 You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. As all the seats were full, he stood up. Since you are going, I will go, too. ② for 可引出表示原因的分句, 但它是并列连词, 不能放在句首。所起的功能只是一种补充性的说明以作为推断的理由。 He must be tired, for he went to bed early. (2) seeing (that), now that, considering (that), in that和given that也可以用来引导原因状语从句。 Now that you are old enough to judge things, you should start your own career. Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice. 理论所以有价值, 就在于它能给实践指出方向。 Considering that we needed to get the roof repaired, I think we paid too much for the house. Given that the patients have some disabilities, we still try to enable them to be as independent as possible. 5. 让步状语从句 (1) 让步状语从句主要由连词although, though, as, even though, while, whether…or等引导。 I had a very good time, although/though /even though I didn’t know anybody at the party. While there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was guilty. We will go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not. (2) 让步状语从句也可以由连词however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, no matter who, no matter what, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how等引导。 Wherever/No matter where you go, I would keep you company. (3) as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装, 将名词、形容词或副词等提到as前, 作表语的单数可数名词放在句首时, 该名词前不可加冠词；若提前的是动词或分词, 谓语要补加助动词do, does, did或will等。though引导的让步状语从句, 除了用于自然语序外, 也可像as一样使用。但although引导的让步状语从句必须用正常语序。 King as/though he was, he was unhappy. Successful as/though he is, he is not proud. Much as/though I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. Lose money as/though I did, we got a lot of experience. 考点拓展： though和although不能和but连用, 如果要强调前后两个部分的对比意义, 可在主句前加yet, still或nevertheless。 Although she has a lot of money, yet she is unhappy. 考点拓展：注意辨别名词性从句和让步状语从句。 ① 连接代词whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever引导名词性从句, 连接代词在句中既起连接作用, 同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。whatever相当于anything that, whoever相当于anyone who, whomever相当于anyone whom。 ② 从属连词whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever, whichever引导让步状语从句, 相当于no matter what (who, how, when, where, which)。 6. 目的状语从句 (1) so that和in order that ① 这两个连词短语都表示“为了, 以便”。so that从句一般放在主句的后面。in order that从句既可放在句首, 也可放在主句之后。 ② 如果表示“为了；以便”的目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同, 就可用in order to 或 so as to取代该目的状语从句。 判断对错: She went downtown in order to buy some clothes. (√) He explained it again and again so as to understand. ( x ) (2) for fear that和in case for fear that和 in case引导目的状语从句时, 都表示“以防”。in case后的目的状语从句多用虚拟语气, 但也可用陈述语气；for fear that后的目的状语从句一般要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形)。 Take an umbrella with you in case/for fear that it should rain/rain. (3) 目的状语从句常用情态动词may (might), shall (should), can (could) 和will (would)。 I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 7. 结果状语从句 (1) so...that和such...that区别： so 为副词, 修饰形容词或副词, 不可修饰名词；such是形容词, 修饰名词。 He made a speech ___ so____ inspiring that everybody got excited. He had ___ so ____ many things to do that he was busy all day long. He made ___ such ____ an inspiring speech that everybody got excited. It was ___ such ____ fine weather that they went out for a picnic. 考点拓展： 当so 或such置于句首时, 主句要用倒装语序。 So clever a student ___ was _____ he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. Such ___ was _____ the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken. 注意：so/such ... that ... 引导的结果状语从句与so/such ... as ... 引导的定语从句的区别。 ① so/such ... that ... 引导结果状语从句时, that在从句中不作任何成分, 只起连接作用。 It is such a moving film that we all want to see it.这是一部如此感人的电影以至于我们都想看。 ② so/such ... as ... 中, as引导定语从句, as在从句中作主语或宾语。 It is such a moving film as we all want to see. 这是一部感人的、我们都想看的电影。 (2) so that 既可以引导结果状语从句, 也可以引导目的状语从句, 主要区别是：目的状语从句中的动词前要有may (might), can (could), should和would等情态动词, 表示某种可能性；而结果状语从句则不用, 表示的是客观事实。引导结果状语从句的so that前常有逗号, 而引导目的状语从句的so that前一般不用逗号。 判断从句类型： She left early, so that she caught the train. (___结果状语___从句) She left early so that she could catch the train. (__目的状语__从句) 8. 方式状语从句 (1) as和just as 这两个连词的意思是“如..., 犹如..., 正如...”。just as比as的强调性更强。 I will do as I am told to. They watched her closely (just) as a cat watches a rat. 他们严密地监视她, 就好像猫盯着老鼠那样。 (2) as if 和as though 两者意义相同, 从句可以用陈述语气, 表示可能符合事实的情况, 也可以用虚拟语气, 表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况。词义相同, “好像, 仿佛”。 It seems as if/though it’s going to rain. She treats me as if I were her brother. 9. 比较状语从句 (1) as ... as ...; not so/as ... as ...; the same ... as ... 表示相同程度的比较, 肯定句用as ... as ..., 否定句可用not as ... as或not so ... as。 Henry is as diligent as Peter (is diligent). John is not as talkative as he used to be. (2) than表示不同程度的比较, 主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。 Bill is taller than Bob (is). (3) the＋比较级, the＋比较级, 表示“越……就越……” The less she worried, the better she worked. as 和 than ① as和than引导的比较状语从句常常省去同主句相同的部分, 只留下相比的部分。 Bill is taller than Bob (is). I know you better than he (knows you). ② as和than连接的从句中, 常用替代词do或其他助动词或情态动词的某种形式代替与主句相同 的谓语部分。 Jack works as hard as Jim does. I bought fewer books than you would. . 考点精讲三 状语从句的省略问题 (1) 如果状语从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语是it时, 而且状语从句谓语中有be动词, 可以将状语从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。 He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework. (2) 当状语从句中含有it is 时, 可以将it is 省略。 Come tomorrow if (it is) possible. (3) 在虚拟条件句中, 若含有should, had或were时, 可将if省略, 但必须把should, had, were放在主语的前面。 Had he arrived here in time, he would have seen Mr. Smith. Were I a bird, I would fly now. Should you work it out in two days, you would get hired. 即时训练： If __ given ____ (give) the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. When _____ completed _______ (complete), the museum will be open to the public. Once ___ caught _____(catch) stealing at the shop, you will be dismissed. Mother moved her lips as if ____ speaking ______(speak). You can leave the workshop earlier _____ if necessary ________(必要的时候). Please get here before 6:00 a.m. ____ if possible_______(如果可能的话). 考点精讲四 并列连词与从属连词 分 类 连词 意义 例句 注意 表 并 列 and 和, 又, 而 I make the payments and keep the accounts. 表 并 列 not only... but also... 不但…而且… · Not only is that problem very important, but(also) it is very difficult to solve. · Not only you but(also)I am to blame. · The Great Wall is made not only of bricks and stones but of flesh and blood of the working people. (1)放在句首时, 如果连接一个分句, 表示强调, 这时要用倒装句；若连接两个主语则不用倒装。 (2)连接两个主语, 谓语动词的形式采用就近原则。 (3)连接一个句子的相同的句子成分。 表并列 as well as 也, 又 · A teacher should entertain as well as teach. · Your brother as well as you is very kind to me. · We should know about why we should do it as well as how to do it in learning. (1)连接两个并列成分作主语时, 句子谓语动词应与前面那个名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (2)与汉语语序不尽相同。它所强调的是前者。 表并列 both... and.. 既…又 … Both my brother and my sister ran to help me. 表时间 when 就在那时 · We were about to leave when it began to rain. · I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. 相当于and then, at that time, just then, 一般置于第二个分句句首, 时态多用过去时。 表转折 but 但是 He is old, but he looks young. but表示转折时, 不能与从属连词although/though/as/in spite of/despite出现在同一个句子中。 表转折 yet 然而 He got up early, (and) yet he failed to catch the early bus. 表转折 however 可是, 尽管如此 · He knew what he wanted, however, he didn’t know how to get it. · However, we’ll look into the matter. 可置于句首、句中、句末, 常用逗号与分句隔开。 表转折 nevertheless 但是 She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on doing homework. 表因果 so 因此 · It was rather late, so we decided to go home. · She coughed badly, (and)so she went to see a doctor. 不能与because, since, as同时用在同一个句子中, so指由很清楚的原因导致的结果。 表因果 for 因为, 由于 It must have rained last night, for the road is still wet. 只能放在句末, 用逗号隔开, 表示推断的理由, 是一种补充说明的原因。 表因果 therefore 因此 He broke the law, therefore, he was put into prison. 为正式的书面用语。指通过严密的推理而得出的结果。 表因果 thus 因此, 所以 She worked hard, thus she passed the exam. 指更严密的推理, 也指直接的结果。 表对比 while 而 Some people like hot food, while others like sweet food. 表对比 whereas 然而 They want to buy a new house, whereas we would rather live in the old house. 表选择 or, or else, otherwise 或者 · Hurry up, or/or else/other- wise you will miss the train. · Do what you’ve been told, otherwise you will be punished. · I was as busy as a bee, otherwise/or I would have helped you. or常用于“祈使句＋or＋简单句”, 这种句型同样适用于or else和otherwise。 表选择 either...or... 要么… 要么… Either you or he is right. 连接并列主语时, 谓语动词的数与最近的主语保持一致。 1. (2024 年新高考 I 卷改) I’ve come to accept that __________ goals I set for myself, they just have to be my own. 答案：whatever 解析：此处需引导让步状语从句，修饰名词 “goals”，表示 “无论什么目标”。“whatever” 可引导让步状语从句，相当于 “no matter what”，后接名词（短语），符合语境。高考中常考查 “whatever/whichever/however” 引导的让步状语从句，需注意其修饰对象（名词用 whatever/whichever，形容词 / 副词用 however）。 2. (2024 年新高考 II 卷改) I like traveling in France, but __________ it came to picking my favorite spot to settle, Italy was the clear winner. 答案：when 解析：本题考查固定句型 “when it comes to (doing) sth.”，意为 “当谈到 / 涉及到（做）某事时”，“when” 引导时间状语从句，时态需与主句一致。该句型是高考高频固定搭配，语境中 “喜欢法国旅行，但谈到选定居地时，意大利是赢家” 贴合用法。 3. (2024 年新高考 II 卷改) __________ they could never have met, there are common themes in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 答案：Although/Though/While 解析：前后句存在转折关系（“从未见面” 与 “作品有共同主题”），需引导让步状语从句。“Although/Though/While” 均可表 “尽管、虽然”，“While” 更强调主从句对比，三者在此语境中通用。高考中需注意 “Although/Though” 不能与 “but” 连用。 4. (2024 年浙江卷 1 月改) The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, __________ you’re shopping for one, buying extra to benefit from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 答案：if/when 解析：此处需引导条件状语从句，表 “如果”。前文提超市多家庭装、多买优惠，后文转折 “若独自购物，多买无意义”，逻辑上是假设关系，故用 “if”。高考中需区分条件、时间、让步等从句的逻辑差异。 5. (2024 年全国甲卷改) One day, we had a family dinner. __________ the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the kitchen to help my grandmother wash dishes. 答案：While/When 解析：考查时间状语从句，表 “当…… 时”。主从句动作 “大人谈话” 与 “我帮忙洗碗” 同时发生，“While” 强调动作同时性（接延续性动词），“When” 可接延续性或短暂性动词，二者均符合语境。高考中 “While” 引导时间状语从句时，主从句多为进行时或延续性动作。 6. (2023 年新高考 II 卷改) __________ I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach… the animals? 答案：Whenever/When 解析：需引导时间状语从句，表 “每当…… 时” 或 “当…… 时”。后文 “almost always” 暗示动作重复性，“Whenever” 更强调 “每次、无论何时”，贴合语境；“When” 也可覆盖基本时间逻辑，二者均适用。高考中 “Whenever” 是 “when” 的延伸考点，侧重动作重复性。 7. (2023 年新高考 I 卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), __________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 答案：or 解析：考查固定并列结构 “whether...or...”，意为 “是…… 还是……”，用于连接两个并列选择项（此处为两个不定式短语）。语境中 “吃饺子的两种选择” 明确体现选择关系，该结构是高考高频考点，需注意 “whether” 后接 “or”，不用 “and”。 8. (2023 年新高考 II 卷) It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop __________ to see the pandas settle into their new home. 答案：and 解析：需连接两个并列的不定式短语 “to watch…” 与 “to see…”，二者均作 “honor” 的定语，表 “两件荣幸的事”，是顺承并列关系，故用 “and”。高考中并列结构需注意 “多个并列成分时，最后一个前加 and”。 9. (2023 年全国乙卷) It (指代古今相融建筑风格) is a distinct visual contrast that shouldn’t work, __________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 答案：but/yet 解析：前后句存在转折关系（“本不该奏效” 与 “却能很好结合”），需用转折连词 “but”。“but” 表直接转折，强调出乎意料的结果，贴合语境。高考中需区分 “but”（无逗号隔开）与 “however”（需用逗号隔开），本题无逗号，故用 “but”。 10. (2023 年浙江卷 1 月) During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing, __________ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. 答案：and 解析：需连接两个并列谓语动词 “planned” 与 “arranged”，主语均为 “emperors”，表 “皇帝做的两件事”，是顺承并列关系，故用 “and”。高考中需避免误判为定语从句（若用 “which”，需加 “who” 且主语重复，逻辑不通）。 11. (2022 年全国高考新高考 I 卷) After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, __________ leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. 答案：and 解析：需连接四个并列的动名词短语，均作 “guiding principle of” 的宾语，表 “指导原则的四个方面”。高考中多个并列成分需遵循 “最后一个前加 and” 的规则，本题直接用 “and” 连接最后一个动名词即可。 12. (2022 年新高考 II 卷) He hung on for a few minutes __________ screamed for his father, but his father didn’t hear him. 答案：and 解析：需连接两个并列谓语动词 “hung on” 与 “screamed”，主语均为 “he”，表 “先坚持再喊爸爸” 的顺承动作，故用 “and”。后文 “but” 表整体结果转折，不影响前文动作的并列关系，高考中需分层判断并列与转折逻辑。 13. (2022 年新高考 II 卷) “He saved my son’s life,” said Mrs. Brown. “I don’t know __________ to thank him.” 答案：how 解析：考查 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构，作 “know” 的宾语。语境中 “不知道感谢的方式”，表方式用 “how”，“how to thank him” 意为 “如何感谢他”。高考中 “疑问词 + 不定式” 是高频考点，需结合语境判断疑问词含义（方式用 how，事物用 what 等）。 14. (2022 年新高考 II 卷) __________ we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. 答案：As (When) 解析：需引导时间状语从句，表 “随着……”。“As” 引导时常表 “伴随、随着”，后接句子，贴合 “随着变老，心脏效率下降” 的语境。高考中需区分 “as”（引导从句）与 “with”（后接名词短语），本题后为句子 “we age”，故用 “as”。 15. (2022 年全国 II 卷) Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. That is partly __________ people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.” 答案：because 解析：需引导表语从句，说明交通事故激增的原因。“That is partly because...” 意为 “部分原因是……”，“because” 直接表原因，符合语境。高考中表语从句常考查 “because（表原因）”“that（无含义）”“what（表事物）”，本题由 “partly” 可知表原因。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $