必修第一册 UNIT 2 Exploring English-【优学精研】2026年高考英语一轮总复习教用word（外研版）

写作词汇运用 词块记忆 1.the most likely outcome 最可能的结果 􀳁2.remind me not to be late 提醒我别迟到 􀳁3.make fair comments on 对……做出公正的评论 􀳁4.go downtown 到城镇中心区去 􀳁5.the entrance to the museum 博物馆入口处 􀳁6.the emergency exit 紧急出口 􀳁7. actually fall asleep for a few minutes 事实上睡了几分钟 􀳁8.live downstairs 住在楼下 􀳁9.have negative effects on your health 对你的健康有负面影响 􀳁10.take positive steps 采取积极的措施 􀳁11.contain a number of typing errors 包含许多打字错误 􀳁12.a rather useful learning resource 一种相当有用的学习资源 􀳁13.①the title of the first chapter 第一章的标题 ②the world heavyweight title 世界重量级拳击冠军 􀳁14.①a two-bedroom flat 一套两居室的公寓 ②change a flat 换瘪了的轮胎 ③low buildings with flat roofs 平顶的矮建筑物 ④lie flat on the floor 平躺在地板上 􀳁15.①completely out of context完全脱离上下文 ②the social and historical context 社会和历史背景 语境记忆 􀳁16.contact v.联系，联络 I hope what I have mentioned above can help you and please feel free to contact me if you have any questions. 我希望我以上所提到的能帮助你，如果你有任何问题，请随时与我联系。 （建议信） 􀳁17.unique adj.独一无二的，独特的 He also has his unique understanding of the Chinese paintings. 他对中国画也有自己独特的理解。 （发言稿） 阅读词汇明义 快速一览 1.pineapple n.菠萝 􀳁2.eggplant n.茄子 􀳁3.seasick adj.晕船的 􀳁4.airsick adj.晕机的 􀳁5.carsick adj.晕车的 􀳁6.homesick adj.想家的 􀳁7.capitalized adj.大写的 􀳁8.elevator n.电梯，升降机 􀳁9.misadventure n.事故，灾难 􀳁10.throat n.喉咙，咽喉 教材例句 􀳁11.（译林必修三）In its forum， the half-finished columns seemed as if just left by the workman’s hand. n.（因特网上的）论坛，讨论区 􀳁12.（译林必修三）For example， you can save energy by taking the bus or the subway， or using the bike-sharing system. n.地铁 派生词汇识记 1.sculpt v.雕刻，雕塑→sculpture n.雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品 􀳁2.opposing adj.（观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的→oppose vt.反对；反抗；与（某人）较量→opposed adj.反对的；敌对的→opposite adj.对面的 n.反面，对立面 􀳁3.reflect v.显示，反映→reflection n.反映；反射 􀳁4.creativity n.创造性，创造力→creative adj.创造（性）的→create v.创造→creatively adv.创造（性）地 􀳁5.intend v.计划，打算→intention n.计划，打算 􀳁6.base v.以……为基础 n.基础；根基→basis n.基础；基准→bases（basis和base的复数）→basic adj.基本的；基础的 􀳁7.aware adj.意识到的，明白的→awareness n.意识；认识；明白；知道 1.后缀“-ity”高频名词集锦 ①creativity创造性，创造力 ②curiosity好奇心 ③activity 活动 ④reality现实 ⑤equality平等 ⑥security安全，安全感 􀳁2.“计划，打算”动词荟萃 ①intend计划，打算 ②plan计划 ③design计划，构思 ④propose计划，打算 ⑤scheme图谋，密谋 ⑥project计划，规划 􀳁3.“动词＋up”短语大聚会 ①wind up给（机械）上发条；使（活动、会议等）结束 ②speed up加速 ③put up张贴；举起 ④look up仰望；查阅 ⑤take up从事；占据 第一组 1.speaking of　 说到，谈及 􀳁2.turn out　　结果是，原来是，证明是 􀳁3.come across　　偶然发现 􀳁4.refer to ...as　　把……称作，把……当作 􀳁5.wind up　　给（机械）上发条；使（活动、会议等）结束 第二组 􀳁6.care about　　关心；在乎 􀳁7.be aware of　　意识到，察觉到 􀳁8.play safe　　　谨慎行事，不冒险 􀳁9.have a frog in one’s throat　　（尤因喉咙痛）说话困难 􀳁10.to one’s astonishment 令某人惊讶的是 1.句式：neither ...nor ...意为“既不……也不……”，在句中连接两个并列的成分 原句：Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. pineapple（菠萝）里既没有pine（松树），也没有apple（苹果）。 􀳁2.句式：This/That is why ...意为“这/那就是为什么……” 原句：That is why when the stars are out， they are visible， but when the lights are out， they are invisible. 那就是为什么stars are out（星星出来了）的时候我们能看到星星，而lights are out（灯灭了）的时候我们却看不到灯光。 􀳁3.句式：not only ...but also ...意为“不仅……而且……” 原句：Not only can you post specific questions， but you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the world.你不仅能发帖问具体的问题，而且还能通过阅读来自世界各地的英语学习者的帖子来拓宽你的知识面。 　　Last week， the title of an article — “Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple” caught my eye.After reading the article， the unique and creative views made me realise that even the smallest words can be rather confusing.If the real meanings of the words based on the context can’t be recognised by us， they’ll reflect totally odd and even opposing meanings， which may cause errors and negative impacts， and finally lead to misadventure.Actually， when we come across some familiar words， their real meanings may be unfamiliar to us.Therefore， whether in formal or informal writing and speaking， we should understand the real meanings based on the context. （一）分类识记单词——用时少·功效快 阅读单词知意 请在没有记牢的单词前的方框内画“√”，以便下次着重记忆。 □1.pine n.松树 □2.pineapple n.菠萝 □3.ham n.火腿 □4.eggplant n.茄子 □5.seasick adj.晕船的 □6.airsick adj.晕机的 □7.carsick adj.晕车的 □8.homesick adj.想家的 □9.capitalized adj.大写的 □10.subway n.地铁 □11.gas/petrol n.汽油 □12.elevator n.电梯，升降机 □13.misadventure n.事故，灾难 □14.frog n.蛙，青蛙 □15.throat n.喉咙，咽喉 □16.boot n.靴子 □17.section n.区域 □18.odd adj.奇特的，古怪的 核心单词练通 1.　title　 n.题目，标题 􀳁2.　type　 n.类型，种类 􀳁3.　likely　 adj.可能的，可能发生的 􀳁4.　apartment/flat　 n.一套住房，公寓套房 􀳁5.　context　 n.上下文，语境 􀳁6.　rather　 adv.相当，颇 􀳁7.　comment　 n.评论 􀳁8.　downtown　 adj.在城镇中心区的，在闹市区的 􀳁9.　entrance　 n.大门（口），入口（处） 􀳁10.　exit　 n.出口 􀳁11.　actually　 adv.事实上，实际上 􀳁12.　downstairs　 adv.在楼下 􀳁13.　error　 n.错误，谬误 􀳁14.　Unique　 （独一无二的） geographical and climatic conditions make skiing a part of local people’s lives. 􀳁15.Cheer up！ Don’t let 　negative　 （消极的） emotions affect your efficiency. 􀳁16.Some people argue for space exploration because 　resources　 （资源） on our planet are limited. 􀳁17.The moment I saw this photo， it 　reminded　 （使……想起） me of the joyful summer we spent in Guilin when we graduated. 拓展单词用活 1.　sculpt　 v.雕刻，雕塑→　sculpture　 n.雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品 􀳁2.　opposing　 adj.（观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的→ 　oppose　 v.反对→　opposed　 adj.反对的；敌对的→　opposite　 adj.对面的 n.反面，对立面 􀳁3.　confusing　 adj.令人困惑的→　confuse　 v.使困惑→　confused　 adj.困惑的→　confusion　 n.困惑 􀳁4.　alarm　 n.警报器；闹钟→　alarmed　 adj.担心的→　alarming　 adj.令人惊慌的 􀳁5.　visible　 adj.看得见的，可见的→　invisible　 adj.看不见的 􀳁6.　unfamiliar　 adj.不熟悉的，不了解的→　familiar　 adj.熟悉的 􀳁7.　organization　 n.组织，团体，机构→　organize　 v.组织，成立→　organizer　 n.组织者 􀳁8.　addition　 n.增加物，添加物→　add　 v.增加，添加；补充说→　additional　 adj.附加的，另外的 􀳁9.　informal　 adj.（书写或言谈）非正式的→　formal　 adj.正式的 􀳁10.As far as I’m 　aware　， more and more people have an 　awareness　 of the importance of eating a healthy diet.（aware） 􀳁11.After days of 　reflection　 she decided to do something for it.She walked in a 　reflective　 mood to her car.（reflect） 􀳁12.The child 　behaved　 so well in class that the teacher praised his good 　behavior　 in front of others.（behave） 􀳁13.He had changed so much that you couldn’t 　recognise　 him.As a matter of fact， illness and age changed him beyond 　recognition　.（recognise） 􀳁14.It’s believed that hard work can 　create　 wealth but the 　creation　 of wealth also needs 　creative　 quality.（create） 􀳁15.The party was specially 　intended　 for her， but she didn’t appreciate my good 　intention　.（intend） 􀳁16.　Basically　， his income only meets 　basic　 living expenses.So he only chooses a simple lifestyle 　based　 on his limited salary.（base） （二）集中识记短语——不枯燥·求实效 先 写 对 再 用 准 第 一 组 1.　have trouble （in） doing sth　 做某事有困难 􀳁2.　speaking of　　　说到，谈及 􀳁3.　burn up/down　　　烧毁，烧尽 􀳁4.　turn out　　　结果是，原来是，证明是 􀳁5.　come across　　　偶然发现，遇见 􀳁6.　refer to ...as　　　把……称作，把……当作 􀳁7.　be short for　　　是……的缩写/简称 1.　Speaking of　 map apps， some users have found that they are useful for more than just finding their way. 􀳁2.When you open an English novel， you may 　come across　 a lot of unfamiliar words. 􀳁3.Robinson rushed home， only to find that his house had 　burnt/burned down　. 􀳁4.The scientists at that time 　referred to　 the discovery 　as　 the most exciting new development in this field. 先 写 对 再 用 准 第 二 组 1.　in one’s free time　　在某人的空闲时间 􀳁2.　wind up　　　给（机械）上发条；使（活动、会议等）结束 􀳁3.　play safe　　　谨慎行事，避免冒险 􀳁4.　have a frog in one’s throat　 　　（尤因喉咙痛）说话困难 􀳁5.　to one’s astonishment　 令某人惊讶的是 􀳁6.　care about　　　关心；在乎 􀳁7.　be aware of　　　意识到，察觉到 1.The old man preferred walking around in the field to staying at home 　in his free time　. 􀳁2.It’s high time that we should 　be aware of the importance of saving fresh water and become concerned about water resources. 􀳁3.My mother reminded me to 　wind up　 the clock in case I got up late the next morning. 􀳁4.He didn’t come to school today because he 　had a frog in his throat　. （三）仿写活用句式——造佳句·表达高 句型公式 句式仿写 1.句型公式：neither ...nor ...意为“既不……也不……”，在句中连接两个并列的成分 教材原句：Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. 1. 至于流鼻血，你既不应该把脸抬起来，也不应该紧紧地按鼻子。 As for a bleeding nose， 　neither should you keep your face up， nor should you press the nose tightly　. 􀳁2.句型公式：That/This is why ...意为“那/这就是为什么……” 教材原句：That is why when the stars are out， they are visible， but when the lights are out， they are invisible. 􀳁2.见字如见人。那就是为什么我一直告诉你要改善你的书写。 （建议信） A person’s handwriting shows his/her personality.　That’s why I keep telling you to improve　 your handwriting. 􀳁3.句型公式：not only ...but also ...意为“不仅……而且……” 教材原句：Not only can you post specific questions， but you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the world. 􀳁3.它不仅涵盖了我们学校的主要活动，还提供了如何学习英语的技巧。 　Not only does it cover the main events in our school， but it also provides tips on how to learn English. Part Ⅰ　一维重点突破 　　It 　　　　 （recognise）❶ that parents should be aware 　　　❷ their children’s bad behavior earlier， which 　　　　 （reflect）❸ by some small things.These small things are an alarm for parents to take measures to regulate their children’s behavior.However， parents often have 　　　　 （oppose）❹ views on how to educate children.The mother is likely 　　　 （encourage）❺ the children while the father is rather strict， 　　　　❻ will use violence to deal with it. 微技能热身 1.①处应填　is recognised　。 􀳁2.②处应填介词　of　。 􀳁3.③处应填　is reflected　。 􀳁4.④处应填　opposing　。 5.⑤处应填　to encourage　。 􀳁6.⑥处引导非限制性定语从句，应填　who　。 recognise vt.认识，辨认出；承认；认可 【练通】 单句语法填空 ①Decades passing， the once amazing castle has gone 　beyond　 recognition for lack of proper preservation. ②（人教选必三） In time， he gained recognition 　as　 one of the greatest artists China has ever known. 【写美】 一句多译 ③最近，在线学习被公认为是一种重要的学习方式。 →Online learning 　has been recognised as/to be　 an important way to study recently. →　It has been recognised that　 online learning is an important way to study recently. 【归纳】 （1）be recognised to be/as ... 被认为是…… It is recognised that ...　　人们认为…… （2）recognition n.　　认出；认识 beyond recognition　　认不出来 gain recognition as ... 获得……（身份）的认可 【佳句】 Don’t wait for a smile to be nice， and don’t wait to be lonely to recognise the value of a friend.（主旨升华） 不要等到别人对你微笑你才对人友善，不要等到孤独才意识到朋友的价值。 【联想】 表示“被认为是……”的短语还有be regarded as、be considered as、be thought of as等。 reflect vt.显示，反映；映射；反射；思考 vi.思考 【练通】 单句语法填空 ①She admired her beautiful face 　reflected　 in the mirror， lost in 　reflection　.（reflect） ②　On　 reflection， I think I will change my decision. 【写美】 微写作 ③戴维低着头，反思我刚才对他说的话。 David lowered his head， 　reflecting on/upon what I said to him　 just now.（非谓语动词作状语） 【归纳】 （1）reflect on/upon　　 仔细考虑/沉思/反省…… reflect sb/sth in sth　　（指镜子等）映出某人/物的影像 （2）reflection n.　　反映；倒影；思考 on reflection　　经过考虑后（改变看法） be lost in reflection　　陷入沉思中 【佳句】 Hearing my words， he hung his head，lost in deep reflection. （动作描写） 听见我的话，他低下了头，陷入沉思中。 　　My English teacher often reminds us 　　　　❶ the importance of learning English well.According to his idea， we should develop some good learning habits if we intend 　　　　 （learn）❷ English well.Consulting the dictionary when we come 　　　　❸ new words will make it easier for us to improve our English.That is 　　　　❹ we need to buy a dictionary 　　　　 （base）❺ on words and expressions. 　　In addition， he tells us that if we find a problem 　　　　 （confuse）❻， don’t hesitate to turn to our classmates for help or contact him.Only if we hang on， we are sure to succeed. 微技能热身 1.①处应填　of　。 2.②处应填　to learn　。 3.③处应填　across　。 4.④处引导表语从句，应填　why　。 5.⑤处应填　based　。 6.⑥处应填　confusing　。 remind v.提醒，使……想起 【练通】 单句语法填空 ①　Reminded　 （remind） not to drive after drinking， some drivers are still trying their luck， which is dangerous. ②It serves as a 　reminder　 （remind） that kindness， generous help and love will influence others and be rewarded and virtue is a reward itself. （主旨升华） 【写美】 微写作 ③为了确保双胞胎能够顺利地做一顿母亲节早餐，爸爸不断提醒他们下一步该做什么。 To make sure that the twins could cook a Mother’s Day breakfast smoothly， the father constantly 　reminded them what they should do next　. 【归纳】 （1）remind sb of sth　　　　提醒某人某事 remind sb of sth/sb　　使某人想起某事/某人 remind sb to do sth　　 提醒某人做某事 remind （sb） that/how/what ...　　 提醒（某人）…… （2）reminder n.　　提醒者；提醒物 【点津】 “v.＋sb＋of sth”短语 ①cure sb of sth 治好某人的病 ②accuse sb of sth 指控某人某事 ③warn sb of sth 警告某人某事 ④inform sb of sth 通知某人某事 ⑤convince/persuade sb of sth 使某人相信某事 come across 偶然发现，遇见；被理解 【练通】 用come的相关短语填空 ①（人教必修二）At night， the stars 　come out　 to tell us that all is well and my village grows quiet. ②（人教选必二）Most great scientists have the ability to see the world in ways that other people do not， and to 　come up with　 new ideas that other people have never thought of. 【写美】 微写作 ③在那之后，每当我遇到一些不愉快的事情，我奶奶的话就会浮现在我的脑海中。 After that， every time I 　came across some unpleasant things　， my grandma’s words would come to my mind. 【归纳】 come out　　　（太阳、月亮或星星）出现；盛开；出版 come up　　走到跟前；被提及；发生 come up with　　提出 come true　　实现 come about　　发生，产生 come on　　登台；改进；得了吧；赶快 come down　　降落；崩塌；降低 【佳句】 Deeply encouraged by her warmth and sincerity， he poured out all his trouble he came across. （情感描写） 她的热情和真诚深深鼓舞了他，他把他遇到的所有困难都倾诉了出来。 句型公式：This/That is why ...“这/那就是为什么……”（why从句表示结果） 　【教材原句】 That is why when the stars are out， they are visible， but when the lights are out， they are invisible. 那就是为什么星星出现（out）时，我们是看得见它们的；灯熄灭（out）时，我们是看不见它们的。 【写美】 同义句转换 Because the boat was turned upside down by the wave， he had no choice but to swim to the shore quickly. →He had no choice but to swim to the shore quickly.　That was because the boat was turned upside down by the wave　.（That’s because ...） →The boat was turned upside down by the wave.　That was why he had no choice but to swim to the shore quickly　.（That’s why ...） →　The reason why he had no choice but to swim to the shore quickly was that the boat was turned upside down by the wave.　 （The reason why ...is that ...） 【归纳】 （1）This/That is because ...　　这/那是因为…… （2）The reason why ...is/was that ... ……的原因是……（表语从句常用that引导，而不用because） 【佳句】 As we all know， reading classics is of great importance to us.This is because it can not only improve our studies but also enrich our everyday lives. （建议信） 众所周知，阅读经典作品对我们来说非常重要。这是因为它不仅能提高我们的学业，而且还能丰富我们的日常生活。 Part Ⅱ　二维微点练全 维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义 1.reflect A.反射 B.反思；回想 C.（镜子等）映出 （1）When the sun’s rays hit the earth， a lot of the heat is reflected back into space. 　　A　 （2）On the way home he reflected that the interview had gone well and he nodded his head with satisfaction. 　　B　 （3）Her beautiful face was reflected in the mirror and she looked at herself， lost in thought. 　　C　 􀳁2.词义猜测 （1）She held the title of world champion for three years. 　n.称号　 （2）Anyone， once he tests positive for the bird flu， will receive free medical treatment from the government. 　adj.阳性的　 （3）He was recognised for his brave deed he performed yesterday：He saved a drowning girl at the risk of his own life. 　v.表扬；表彰　 维度二 写作词汇夯实——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配 1.If you desire to explore our campus， you can contact me 　at　 1234567 without hesitation. 􀳁2.（2023·全国乙卷）Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve 　creativity　 （creative）， focus and memory. 􀳁3.The project is based 　on　 an agreement， one of whose purposes is to ensure that the project can be accomplished before the deadline. Part Ⅲ　三维写作提能 建议信——练习口语 　　（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括： 　　1.说明问题；2.提出建议。 第一步　练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球 1.我知道随机分组的好处，但我们必须认识到，它也可能有一些负面影响。（be aware of， recognise， negative） 　I am aware of the benefits of random grouping， but we have to recognise that there can also be some negative effects.　 􀳁2.事实上，有些学生在与不熟悉的学生交谈时，可能会感到相当不舒服。（actually， likely， rather， unfamiliar） 　Actually， some students are likely to feel rather uncomfortable to talk with unfamiliar students.　 􀳁3.此外，不同水平的学生可能会发现他们很难进行思想交流。（addition） 　In addition， students of different levels might find it hard for them to exchange ideas.　 􀳁4.所以我建议根据学生的水平对他们进行分组。（base） 　So I suggest grouping students based on their levels.　 􀳁5.他们应该自由选择一块练习的搭档。（partner） 　They should be free to choose partners to practice with.　 􀳁6.我相信此次练习会更富有成效、更愉快。（fruitful） 　I am confident that the practice will be more fruitful and enjoyable.　 第二步　组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目 Dear Ryan， 　　I’m Li Hua from Class 3.I am writing to express my opinion on the oral English practice. 　　　I am aware of the benefits of random grouping， but we have to recognise that there can also be some negative effects.Actually， some students are likely to feel rather uncomfortable to talk with unfamiliar students.In addition， students of different levels might find it hard for them to exchange ideas.　 　　　So I suggest grouping students based on their levels.What’s more， they should be free to choose partners to practice with.In this way， I am confident that the practice will be more fruitful and enjoyable.　 　　I truly hope you can take my suggestions into consideration. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 厚积薄发，下笔有神 亮 词 情感描写：homesick， opposing， confusing 人物描写：creative→creativity， unfamiliar， wicked， odd， negative， informal， positive， aware 美 句 If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions， why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？ （反问句；排比句） 心理描写之表达“激动”和“兴奋” 词汇 美句 单 词 形容词：excited， thrilled， exciting， thrilling ①When they arrived home， Niny excitedly narrated the encounter at the supermarket to her grandfather， her eyes sparkling with excitement. 到家后，尼尼兴奋地向爷爷讲述了在超市的相遇，她的眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。 副词：excitedly， eagerly 名词：excitement， thrill， passion 短 语 ①to one’s excitement令某人兴奋的是 ②to one’s thrill令某人激动的是 续表 词汇 美句 短 语 ③with excitement激动地 ④contain one’s excitement抑制内心的激动 ⑤tears of excitement兴奋的泪水 ⑥（face/cheeks） flush/sb be flushed with excitement 激动得（脸/面颊）通红/某人激动得满脸通红 ②Moved by his thoughtfulness， I said excitedly，“Thank you.They mean a lot to me.” 我被他的体贴所打动，兴奋地说：“谢谢你。它们对我来说意义重大。” 情境导语 作者一家去湖边的途中，妈妈主张在下一个村庄露营。 第一步　完成句子 1.在去往湖的途中，妈妈兴奋得不能自已。 On the journey to the lake， 　a wide excitement took hold of Mom　.（表示激动的名词作主语） 􀳁2.妈妈坚决要求我们到下一个村庄露营，她的眼中闪着兴奋的光芒。（一句多译） →Mom insisted that we go camping in the next village， and 　her eyes glittered/twinkled with excitement　.（动词＋介词短语） →Mom insisted that we go camping in the next village， 　her eyes glittering/twinkling with excitement　.（独立主格结构） 􀳁3.我们一到露营地，妈妈就迫不及待地冲了出去，兴奋地催促我们搭帐篷。 The moment we arrived at the camping place， 　Mom couldn’t wait to storm out and excitedly urged us to put up the tent　.（动作描写＋副词） 􀳁4.妈妈朝湖走去，远处传来一阵兴奋的尖叫声。 Mom walked towards the lake， and 　from the distance came an excited scream/from the distance came a scream of excitement　.（完全倒装） 􀳁5.欣赏着美景，妈妈难以抑制内心的激动。 Enjoying the beautiful view， 　Mom could hardly contain her excitement　. 第二步　连句成文 　　　On the journey to the lake， a wide excitement took hold of Mom.Mom insisted that we go camping in the next village， her eyes glittering/twinkling with excitement.The moment we arrived at the camping place， Mom couldn’t wait to storm out and excitedly urged us to put up the tent.Then， Mom walked towards the lake， and from the distance came an excited scream/from the distance came a scream of excitement.Enjoying the beautiful view， Mom could hardly contain her excitement.　 　　（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Human speech contains more than 2，000 different sounds， from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others？ A ground-breaking， five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. 　　More than 30 years ago， the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals， such as “f” and “v”， were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by Dami􀅡n Blasi at the University of Zurich， Switzerland， has found how and why this trend arose. 　　They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned （对齐）， making it hard to produce labiodentals， which are formed by touching the lower lip （嘴唇） to the upper teeth.Later， our jaws changed to an overbite structure， making it easier to produce such sounds. 　　The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large. 　　Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age， with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. 　　This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved （进化） around 300，000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings， but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，” said Steven Moran， a member of the research team. 　　 􀳁32.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Dami􀅡n Blasi’s research focus on？（　　） A.Its variety. B.Its distribution. C.Its quantity. D.Its development. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Dami􀆦n Blasi领导的研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会出现的。由此推断，他们的研究集中在语音的发展上。 􀳁33.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals？（　　） A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B.They could not open and close their lips easily. C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的，很难发出唇齿音，而唇齿音是由下唇接触上牙发出的。之后，我们下巴的结构变成了覆咬合结构，这让我们更容易发出这样的声音。由此可推知，他们的下巴构造使他们很难发出唇齿音。 􀳁34.What is paragraph 5 mainly about？（　　） A.Supporting evidence for the research results. B.Potential application of the research findings. C.A further explanation of the research methods. D.A reasonable doubt about the research process. 解析：A　段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，对语言数据库的分析也证实，新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化。第五段主要列举了一些可以使研究结果更令人信服的证据。 􀳁35.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds？（　　） A.It is key to effective communication. B.It contributes much to cultural diversity. C.It is a complex and dynamic system. D.It drives the evolution of human beings. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知， Steven Moran认为：自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，今天我们发现的各种语音都是像生物变化和文化进化等事物相互作用的复杂产物。由此可推知，它是一个复杂动态的体系。 （一）由文本积阅读词汇 1.contain v.　　　　　　　包含；包括 2.relate v.　　联系；涉及 3.trend n.　　趋势；倾向 4.overturn v.　　推翻 5.interplay n.　　相互影响 （二）由文本积派生（合成）词汇 1.ground-breaking adj.创新的，开创性的（ground＋breaking） 􀳁2.diet-related adj.与饮食相关的（diet＋related） 􀳁3.database n.数据库，资料库（data＋base） 􀳁4.global adj.全球的（globe去e＋-al） 􀳁5.remarkably adv.惊人地（remark＋-able＋-ly） 􀳁6.hunter-gatherer n.狩猎采集者（hunter＋gatherer） 􀳁7.appearance n.出现（appear＋-ance） 􀳁8.biological adj.生物学的（biology＋-ical） 􀳁9.evolution n.进化（evolve＋-tion） 􀳁10.distribution n.分布（distribute＋-tion） （三）由文本积主题词块 1.speech sound　　语音 􀳁2.the upper teeth　　上牙 􀳁3.touch sth to sth　　把某物贴着某物 􀳁4.at this point　　在这个时期 􀳁5.the popular view　　普遍的观点 􀳁6.remain stable　　保持稳定 􀳁7.the appearance of human beings　　人类的出现 􀳁8.cultural evolution　　文化演变 （四）由文本知变式运用 1.近义替换（用文章中的词汇替换） cause/result in＝　lead to　 （第一段） 􀳁2.熟词生义（文章中生义） click 　n.吸气音　（第一段第一句） （五）由文本学靓丽表达 1.Now a team of researchers 　led by　 （由……带领） Dami􀅡n Blasi at the University of Zurich， Switzerland， has found how and why this trend arose.（过去分词作后置定语） 􀳁2.This research overturns the popular view 　that all human speech sounds were present　 （所有人类语言的语音都存在） when human beings evolved around 300，000 years ago.（同位语从句） （六）由文本学长难句分析 A ground-breaking， five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. 分析：第一个that引导　宾语　从句，从句的谓语为　led to　，该从句中有一个that引导的　定语　从句，修饰　speech sounds　。 翻译：　一项为期五年的突破性研究表明，由于饮食改变，人类咬合发生了变化，从而产生了一些新的语音。这些语音目前存在于世界上一半的语言中。　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 􀳁　　（2025·滕州一中模拟）“When I first started learning calligraphy， I just copied the teacher’s strokes （笔画）， and my work was ugly.But when the brush was in the teacher’s hand， it turned into Harry Potter’s magic wand （魔杖），” said Aryan Mohammd， 27， from Afghanistan. 　　Currently studying as a graduate student at the Central University of Finance and Economies in Beijing， Aryan has lived in China for six years.During this time， he discovered many of China’s great achievements in economics， science and technology， as well as the richness of Chinese culture.He also realized that Chinese is steadily becoming an international language. 　　Attending multiple school activities for international students to better understand Chinese culture， Aryan found his hobby — calligraphy. 　　“When I first came to China， I didn’t know much Chinese and thought calligraphy would be difficult，” Aryan said.“However， later on， I found out that calligraphy can help me improve my Chinese language skills and my understanding of Chinese culture. 　　Calligraphy helps him to both understand each stroke and the Chinese attitude towards life.The horizontal， vertical （垂直的） and left and right falling strokes on the paper represent Chinese people’s unique symbols and memories.They are also the hidden keys to better understanding Chinese culture. 　　“I have learned the saying that all forms of Chinese art are some extensions of calligraphy，” Aryan said.He has also developed a more mature personality along the way.He has become calmer when facing difficulties through his new hobby.Calligraphy offers him a special personal space and gives him strength when he feels stressed.Ultimately， it helps him to find inner peace. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阿富汗留学生Aryan Mohammd在中国学习书法的经历、感受以及收获。 1.What initially motivated Aryan to start learning calligraphy？（　　） A.His progress in Chinese learning. B.His interest in Harry Potter’s magic wand. C.His admiration for China’s great achievements. D.His desire to better understand Chinese culture. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，在参加各种帮助国际学生更好地理解中国文化的活动中，Aryan 找到了自己的爱好——书法。 􀳁2.How does Aryan see the strokes in Chinese calligraphy？（　　） A.They relate to people’s hobbies. B.They are complex and difficult to master. C.They are a direct extension of Chinese art. D.They reflect the Chinese attitude towards life. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，Aryan把汉字的笔画看作是中国人生活态度的一种反映。 􀳁3.What can be inferred about Aryan’s experience with calligraphy over time？（　　） A.His preference for calligraphy grew. B.He gave up on calligraphy due to its difficulty. C.His initial attempts at calligraphy won high praise. D.He found calligraphy an easy hobby and mastered it quickly. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，通过学习书法，Aryan的性格更成熟了，面对困难更冷静了，并在感到压力时书法给予了他力量。由此可推知，Aryan对书法的热爱日益增长。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 􀳁　　（2025·济南模拟）Children experience the joy and wonder of new experiences almost daily.However， for many adults， these emotions get lost in the day-to-day repetition of everyday life and routine.4.（　　） 　　Trying new things is good for our brain.It helps us think more creatively and enhances confidence.It also helps us destress in that a new experience can help break harmful or negative routines.5.（　　） We will consider things from new and different perspectives. 　　It is obvious that trying new things is good for our mental health.6.（　　） Participating in new physical activities can improve our physical fitness， boost our energy levels， and enhance our overall health.For example， trying a new sport or exercise routine can increase our flexibility and strength.Having new experiences can also have a positive impact on our social lives.7.（　　） When we step out of our comfort zones and engage in new activities， we meet people with different backgrounds and perspectives， which can broaden our horizons and enrich our lives.Building new relationships can provide us with a sense of belonging. 　　Still， it can be scary to break routine and try something totally different.8.（　　） Start small by breaking a goal into smaller steps.And be very specific about the goal.For example， instead of aiming to work on arm strength， make a goal of doing twenty arm curls （弯曲运动） a day.In addition， be realistic and make sure the goal is practicable in terms of finances and free time. 　　While it is easy to get caught up in the daily tiring activities of life， always keep in mind that doing something new can be the best thing we can do for ourselves.So we’d better make the wise choice. A.However， it is also good for our body. B.It can help us expand our social connections. C.Luckily， there are practical tips to make a change. D.New experiences are critical to overcoming fears. E.Doing something new also promotes flexible thinking. F.Every new experience contributes to our personal growth. G.And yet， new experiences are vital for our overall wellbeing. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为什么我们要尝试新的事物以及尝试新的事物带来的一些益处。 4.G　空前一句提到对于许多成年人来说，日常生活和常规流程的重复让他们丢失了新的经历给他们带来的快乐和惊喜。G项（然而，新的经历对于我们方方面面的幸福是非常重要的）说明新的经历的重要性，且与第二段第一句和第三段第一句相呼应。 5.E　空前两句话提到：尝试新的事物能够帮助我们创造性地思考，提升我们的自信；它也能够帮助我们减压，因为新的经历能够帮助我们摆脱有害的或者消极的常规流程。故此处也应该与尝试新事物的好处有关。E项（做某件新的事情也能够促进我们的思维灵活性）符合语境，E项中的also promotes与本段中的helps、also helps是同义复现。 6.A　本段第一句点明，尝试新的事物对我们的精神健康是有好处的；而下文的improve our physical fitness， boost our energy levels， and enhance our overall health总结它带来的身体方面的好处，故A项（然而，它对我们的身体也是有好处的）承上启下，符合语境。 7.B　根据空前句可知，有新的经历也会对我们的社交生活产生积极的影响。此处应该说具体的影响是什么。根据空后可知，当我们走出我们的舒适区，参与到新的活动中，我们会遇到有着不同背景、不同观点的人，这能开阔我们的眼界并丰富我们的生活。建立新的关系能给我们一种归属感。B项（它能帮助我们扩大我们的社会联系）承上启下，符合语境。B项中的expand our social connections与下文中的meet people with different backgrounds and perspectives相呼应。 8.C　空前讲打破常规、尝试完全不同的事物会让人害怕，空后“通过把一个目标分成几个较小的步骤开始，把目标非常具体化”在告诉我们具体该如何打破常规、去尝试一些不同的事情。C项（幸运的是，有一些实用的建议来帮助我们作出改变）承上启下，符合语境。C项中的practical tips与下文的Start small和be very specific相呼应。 Ⅲ.完形填空 􀳁　　（2025·南昌摸底考试）Students were reading and turning pages in time to Mozart playing in the background.After a set time I put my 　9　 down and asked the students to do the same.I could 　10　 an obvious sigh of relief.I stood up and walked around the class asking questions about what we had read in the book Beowulf and then I had them 　11　 what we would be reading that day. 　　“Boring，” one student said.When I pushed 　12　 as to why he thought so， I was 　13　 an eye roll. 　　That eye roll from my student forced me to change my lessons and my thinking about 　14　 my students.I wanted students to associate texts with visual works as well as feel interested and willingly 　15　 in our discussions.To begin the next class， I decided to show 　16　 of the movie Captain America：The First Avenger to highlight the concept of archetypes （典型）.Eager and anxious， I 　17　 the play button.To my 　18　， they seemed excited.As they watched， I asked questions about why a character was dressed in a certain way and why the 　19　 chose certain scenes. 　　During the discussions， the students， in contrast to the previous day’s lesson， were completely involved and 　20　 answers.When we turned back to Beowulf， they started to form 　21　 they had seldom made.For example， the concept of archetypes became 　22　 when one student dubbed （把……戏称为） Beowulf “Captain Anglo-Saxon”.When class ended， the students were excited and looking forward to what I might show in the 　23　 class. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者之前的教学方式让学生感到厌倦，后来作者通过把文本和视觉作品联系起来而作出改变。这一改变让学生感到很兴奋，对作者的课充满期待。 　　　 9.A.face　 B.novel C.paper　 D.chalk 解析：B　根据上文reading and turning pages及下文what we had read in the book Beowulf可知，学生们当时在读小说。这里表示作者放下小说，并要求学生也这样做。 􀳁10.A.sense　 B.provide C.convey　 D.breathe 解析：A　根据an obvious sigh of relief可知，作者感觉（sense）到学生明显松了口气。provide提供；convey表达；breathe呼吸，低声说。 􀳁11.A.confirm　 B.assess C.discuss　 D.change 解析：C　根据what we would be reading that day和最后一段首句描述的同学们在两次讨论中的不同表现可知，此处指作者让他们讨论那天要读的书。confirm确认；assess评估；discuss讨论；change改变。 􀳁12.A.further　 B.over C.off　 D.away 解析：A　根据上文“Boring，”one student said.可知，一个学生说这种做法很无趣，作者进一步追问其原因。push further在此处表示“进一步（追问）”。 􀳁13.A.compared to　 B.attracted by C.reminded of　 D.met with 解析：D　根据下文That eye roll from my student可知，作者的追问遭遇了学生的白眼。be compared to被与……比较；be attracted by被……吸引；be reminded of被提醒……；be met with遭遇，遇到。 􀳁14.A.accompanying　 B.protecting C.reaching　 D.pressing 解析：C　根据下文可知，那个学生的白眼迫使作者改变其课程，并促使其思考引起学生注意的方法。此处reach为熟词生义的用法，意为“引起……的注意”。accompany陪伴；protect保护；press逼迫。 􀳁15.A.succeed　 B.compete C.end　 D.join 解析：D　根据上文I wanted students to associate texts with visual works as well as feel interested and willingly可知，作者想让学生将文本与视觉作品联系起来，产生兴趣并愿意加入讨论。下文的completely involved亦是提示。 􀳁16.A.posters　 B.videos C.albums　 D.reviews 解析：C　根据上文I wanted students to associate texts with visual works可知，作者决定展示电影《美国队长：复仇者先锋》的专辑。poster海报；video录像；album专辑；review评价，评论。 􀳁17.A.checked　 B.hit C.got　 D.saw 解析：B　根据the play button和they watched可知，此处指作者按下了播放键。check检查，审查；hit按，压（按钮等）。 􀳁18.A.disappointment　 B.puzzlement C.delight　 D.shock 解析：C　根据they seemed excited可知，学生们都很兴奋，这让作者很高兴。disappointment失望；puzzlement困惑；delight高兴；shock震惊。 􀳁19.A.director　 B.teacher C.editor　 D.student 解析：A　根据chose certain scenes和上文the movie Captain America：The First Avenger以及常识可知，在学生们观看的时候，作者问他们一些关于某个角色为什么以某种方式着装以及导演为什么选择某些场景诸如此类的问题。director导演；editor主编，编辑。 􀳁20.A.gave away　 B.referred to C.made up　 D.shouted out 解析：D　根据句意可知，在讨论过程中，与前一天的课不同，学生们完全投入并大声说出答案。此处的shout out（大声喊出）表明学生的兴奋之情。give away泄露；refer to参考，查阅；make up编造。 􀳁21.A.plans　 B.agreements C.connections　 D.impressions 解析：C　根据后面的例子可知，学生把文学作品与所看的电影建立了联系，而此前他们做不到这一点。plan计划；agreement协议，协定；connection联系；impression印象，感想。 􀳁22.A.broader　 B.simpler C.clearer　 D.stranger 解析：C　根据上文I decided to show 　16　 of the movie Captain America：The First Avenger to highlight the concept of archetypes 可知，当一个学生把贝奥武夫戏称为“盎格鲁-撒克逊船长”时，典型的概念变得更加清晰起来。broad宽阔的，广阔的；simple易于理解的，简单的；clear清晰的；strange奇怪的。 􀳁23.A.next　 B.previous C.current　 D.first 解析：A　根据When class ended， the students were excited and looking forward to what I might show in the 　23　 class.可知，课堂结束时，学生很兴奋，他们期待作者下节课的内容。previous以往的，先前的；current当前的，现在的。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $