专题12 特殊句式 （知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，全国通用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题12 特殊句式 ( 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 1. 准确判断并运用倒装句结构规则 2. 清晰识别强调句各成分及变化 3. 掌握省略句省略与还原的要点 4. 熟练使用祈使句各类句式功能 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对特殊句式的考查注重在复杂语境下与其它语法知识的综合考查。如语法填空中可以考查状语从句和省略句的综合运用，可以考查动词的主谓一致现象。阅读理解中出现的特殊句式会影响对句子和文章的准确理解。尤其在书面表达中熟练运用特殊句式成为得分的亮点。 年份 卷别 倒装句 省略句 强调句 2025 新高考I卷 There was Though friendly It was me who was at fault 新高考II卷 There was..;There are... Hope this email finds you well! Success is sweeter when shared. 北京卷 There is / / 2024 新高考I卷 there is what to do It was.. 新高考II卷 there is/was;what to do Trost thinks so. / 全国甲卷 / what/how to do / 2023 新高考I卷 there was how to do / 新高考II卷 there was where to do / 考点一 倒装句 1 完全倒装句 1.表示时间、地点、方位和动作转移的副词如here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等用于句首. 例1. There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made. 仍然有已经出错的可能。 例2. Out rushed the students. 例3. Down fell the apple. 2.当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常用全部倒装。 例1. South of the city lies a factory.城市的南面有家工厂。 例2.Look! From opposite the street come two kids,screaming in panic. 看!两个孩子从街对面过来，(他们)惊慌地尖叫着。 例3.Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs. 3.such作表语置于句首时，也常常用全部倒装。 例1. Such was Einstein,a simple man but a great scientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一位朴实而又伟大的科学家。 例2 .Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist. 4.为了平衡句子结构，表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。 (1) 形容词+连系动词+主语 Present at the meeting were some experts. 到会的是一些专家。 (2) 过去分词+连系动词+主语 例1. Gone are the days when we walked to work. 我们步行上班的时代一去不复返了。 例2. Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 埋在沙子里的是一个古老的村庄。 (3) 介词短语+连系动词+主语 Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys. 货物中有花，蜡烛和玩具。 名师点津 1. there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away位于句首，句子谓语是go,come,run等不及物动词，可将谓语全部置于主语之前。但主语是人称代词时，不倒装。 2. only修饰主语置于句首时, 不用倒装。 3. 若两个主语一致时, 则表示同意以上观点, 不能倒装, 此时so表示“的确如此”, 即用so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。 4. 当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时, 通常用“so it is with. . . ”或“it is the same with. . . ”。 5. Neither. . . nor. . . “……既不……, ……也不……”, 连接两个并列分句时, 这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。 6. though引导让步状语从句时, 可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。 2 部分倒装句 1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等表示否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not only,not a word,not a single,on no condition,in no case等。表示否定意义的词组开头，要用部分倒装语序。 例1. Never will he come back to the factory.他永远也不会回到这家工厂了。 例2. Not only do the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well. 护士们不仅想要增加报酬，她们也想要减少工作时间。 例3. Never have I found him so happy. 我从来没有觉得他这么高兴过。 例4.Not until he was isolated from everyone did he realize how vital the interaction with others was. 直到他与所有人隔绝，他才意识到与他人的互动是多么重要。 例5.Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the others. 在任何情况下，我们不应该做任何对自己有利但损伤他人利益的事。 2.当句子用so,nor,neither开头，说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时，主语和谓语部分倒装。 a．“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“……也是如此”。 例1 —I've got an enormous amount of work to do.我有大量的工作要做。 —So have I.我也如此。 例2. Tom likes English,and so do I.汤姆喜欢英语，我也喜欢英语。 b．“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的否定内容也适用于另一人或物，意为“……也不这样”。 I don't like it, neither does Tom. 我不喜欢它，汤姆也不喜欢它。 3.在so/such...that引导的结果状语从句中，为了强调，把so/such提到句首时，主谓要倒装。 例1. So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感动得一句话都说不出来。 例3. So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. 他跑得那么快以至于远远超过了其他人。 4.as/though引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序，即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as/though的前面。 例1. Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。 例2. Much as I like it, I'll not buy it. 尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。 例3.Pretty as she is, she is not proud. 尽管她很漂亮，但她一点也不自负。 例4.Try as he would, he might fail again. 尽管他要尝试，但可能还会失败。 【名师点津】在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的单数可数名词前不用加任何冠词。 5.在省略if的虚拟条件句中，were,had或should要提到句首构成倒装。 例1.Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him. 如果你早来几分钟，你就能看见他了。 例2. Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination. 要是早复习了功课，你有可能就通过考试了。 例3. Should it not rain tomorrow, we would go for a picnic. 要是明天不下雨，我们就可以去野餐。 6.当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，采用部分倒装形式。要注意“only+主语”用在句首时不倒装。 例1. Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home. 直到莉莉走进办公室，她才意识到自己把合同落在家里了。 例2. Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语) 只有用这种方法才能可能解释它。 例3. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句) 直到1918年战争结束后，他才得以满怀高兴地重返工作岗位。 例4. Only you can help me.只有你能帮助我。 7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 例1. May you succeed!祝你成功! 例2. Long live the People’s Republic of China! = May the People’s Republic of China (should) live long. 中华人民共和国万岁！ 8.neither...nor...连接两个并列分句时，这两个分句都要用倒装形式。 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.我既不知道这件事，也不关心这件事。 3 there be句式的倒装 1.There be 句型表示“某地有某物或某时有某事”。there 是引导词，be 后面的名词是主语，基本结构为 “there be+人或物+地点或时间”。 例1. There have been many great changes in our country since then. 自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。 例2.I think there is a problem with the engine.【2021年新高考I卷听力】我想是引擎出了问题。 例3. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine.【2024年新高考I卷读后续写】 在入口处，有一台提款机。 例4.There was plenty of space for the kids to run and play.【2025年新高考I卷阅读理解】 孩子们有足够的空间奔跑和玩耍。 2. There be 句型中的主谓一致的原则 主语是单数或不可数名词时，be用单数形式。主语是复数名词时，be用复数形式。如果主语是并列结构,be动词应遵循“就近原则”，即be动词与离其最近的主语保持一致。 例1. There are two people waiting outside. 有两个人正在外面等候。 例2. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. 有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适 3.There be 句型中常用动词和形式 There be 结构中的谓语动词 be 有时可以用 seem to be, happen to be, is likely to be 或半系动词remain，stand，lie，go，exist, follow，live，come，occur 等替换。结构有的时态形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。 例1. Despite the defence, there is likely to be some flooding. 尽管有保护措施，但洪水还是很可能涌进城市。 例2. Once upon a time, there lived an old king in the castle. 从前，那座城堡里住着一位国王。 例3. There is going to be hardship, but we have to grit our teeth and get on with it. 磨难会有的，但我们必须下定决心继续做下去。. 例4. There have been many such accidents.已发生了好几起那样的事故。 例5. There can be thousands of rice plants in one paddy. 一块稻田可能有成千上万株水稻。 4.There be 句型的常考句式： There is no point/sense(in)doing sth.做某事没有意义 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事 There is(no)difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难 There is(no)possibility of(doing)sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能性 5. There be 句型中的非谓语形式 There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。 I expect there to be no argument about this. 我希望在这方面不会有任何争论。 I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me. 我从没想过会有什么好机会。 There being nothing else to do，we went home. (there be句型的独立主格结构) 由于我们无事可做，我们就回家了。 考点二 强调句 强调是一种修辞效果，是为了对一定语境中的部分内容进行突出而采用的一种手段。英语中的强调主要有It is/was...that/who...型，“do/does/did+动词原形”型，或通过某些词加强语气等。 1 It is/was...that/who...强调句 这种句型可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时, 可用that或who, 其他情况下用that。强调的是现在时或将来时，用It is...that/who...；强调部分是过去时，用It was...that/who...。 对主语进行强调：It was I that/who bought my son a new mobile phone in this shop yesterday. 对地点状语进行强调：It was in the park that he met Lily for the first time. 正是在那个公园他第一次遇到了lily。 对宾语进行强调：It was him who won the game held last week. 是他赢得了上周举行的比赛。. 对时间状语进行强调：It was yesterday that I bought my son a new mobile phone in this shop. 【名师点津】强调主语时，其后的谓语动词应当和主语保持人称和数的一致。 例1. It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady. 例2. It is he who is to blame.这是他的错。 名师点津 1. 在强调句中，that进行连接，没有实际意义，只起到语法连接作用，只有指人时，可以用who代替that。 例1. It was in Beijing that I was born. 我就是在北京出生的. 例2. It was Jane, the fastest student in our school, who first crossed the finish line. 是我们学校跑的最快的学生Jane第一个冲过了终点线。 2. 强调句中be的时态要根据原句的时态而定。有时还可用It might be/must have been/can’t be...that/who...等句式。 例1. It is the child that controls the pace, topic and lessons, not the rest of the class or the teacher.掌握进度、话题和课程的是这个孩子，而不是班上其余的人或老师。 例2. It might be tomorrow evening that the news will be broadcast.这则消息可能在明天晚上播出。 例3. It must have been Lily who cooked the meal.肯定是莉莉做的这顿饭。 3. 人称和数的运用 被强调的部分如果是句子的主语，that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。 例1. It is I that/who am going to study abroad.是我要去国外学习。 例2. It is he that/who is leaving for Shanghai on business.是他将要去上海出差。 2 not...until...用于强调句 “not. . . until. . . ”句型的强调结构为“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。 例1. It was not until 11 o’clock last night that he went to bed. 直到昨晚11点，他才上床睡觉。 例2. It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi. 直到他到家三十分钟后他才发现他把包落在了出租车上。 【名师点津】Not until...用于句首时，也可表示强调，句子使用部分倒装。如，Not until 11 o’clock did he go to bed. 3 强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it+被强调部分+who/that...? 例1. Was it in 1939 that World War Ⅱ broke out? 是在1939年Ⅱ世界大战爆发了吗？ 例2. Was it in the park that he met our new teacher? 他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗? 4 强调句的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/was it+who/that...? 例1. Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 你昨天是在哪里见到杰克的？ 例2. When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的? 例3. Who was it that broke the window？打破窗户的是谁？ 5 强调句与定语从句和名词性从句易混辨析 强调句与主语从句的区别 强调句型去掉It is/was和that之后, 句子结构仍然完整, 而主语从句却不能。 1. It is there that accidents often happen. (强调句) 2. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (主语从句) 强调句与定语从句的区别 强调句中that没有意义, 且不作任何成分, 而定语从句中that为关系代词, 在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 1. It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading. (强调句) 2. It is a question that needs careful consideration. (定语从句) 强调句与状语从句的区别 强调句型去掉It is/was和that后, 结构完整, 而It is. . . when. . . 中, it指代时间。 1. It was at six o’clock that I got up today. (强调句) 2. It was six o’clock when I got up today. (状语从句) 6 do/does/did强调谓语动词 用助动词do,does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。 1. do/does/did+动词原形。 例1. She does like music. 她真的喜欢音乐。 例2. She did tell me her address,but I forgot all about it. 她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。 2. “never+助动词do”也常用来表示强调, 一般意为“从来没有, 绝不”。 【名师点津】在强调谓语时，do/does/did译为“的确、确实”等，其后动词用原形。 考点三 省略句 1 状语从句的省略 在as if,if,though,when,where,while,no matter what,until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 例1. All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise,date from the 1950s. 这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50年代。 例2. When (it is) faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. 当（它是）面对如此多的选择时，狮子会选择冻结和等待，而不是攻击拿着椅子的人。 例3. When （people are）reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.【2024年新高考I卷】（主句逻辑主语for people省略）当阅读几百个单词或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。 特殊省略 意义 特殊省略 意义 as soon as possible 尽快 as before/usual 像以前/寻常一样 if so 如果这样的话 if not 若非如此 if ever 如果曾经有的话 if any 如果有的话 if possible 如果可能的话 if necessary 如果有必要的话 If possible，let me know beforehand. 如有可能，事先通知我。 Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to my help. 他会在任何可能的时候来帮助我。 2 定语从句的省略 1.在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词that, which, whom充当宾语, 而且前面无介词时可省略。 例1. He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday. 2. the way后的定语从句常省略关系词that或in which, the time后的定语从句常省略关系词that或when。 例1.The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice. 他们展示了微塑料是如何通过沸腾过程被捕获的，这很好。【2025年新高考I卷】 例2. I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others. 3 名词性从句的省略 1.引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词that可省略。 例1. He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was kind. 他告诉我（那个）她是一个漂亮的女孩，而且她很善良 例2. Educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same.【2024年新高考I卷】 教育工作者不应该认为所有的媒体都是一样的。 2.wh-+to do如果从句中不影响句意理解，可以省略主谓的部分，保留wh+to do， 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。 例1. I don’t know what to do.【2021年全国乙卷听力】=I don’t know what I can do.我不知道该怎么办。 例2.You have to know where to stand for a good viewpoint. (作宾语)你得知道站在哪儿才会有好的视角。 例3. I have no idea how to deal with it. (作同位语)我不知道怎么应对。 In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. 【2025年新高考I卷】 在他们的新书《运动：如何夺回我们的街道，改变我们的生活》中，他们呼吁重新思考我们的街道以及它们在我们生活中扮演的角色。 3. I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语后面跟so与not分别相当于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。 例1. —Do you think it will rain? —I hope not (that it will not rain). 例2.—Do you think it will rain?你认为会下雨吗？ —I hope not/that it will not rain.我希望不要下。 例3—Do you believe our team will win?你相信我们队会赢吗？ —I guess so.我猜会赢。 4 不定式的省略 1. 动词mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, 后面可用保留不定式符号to而省略其余短语。如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。 例1. —Are you a sailor? —No, but I used to be. 例2.—Will you join in the game? —I’d be glad to. 2．当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略to。 The only thing you have to do is press the button. 你唯一要做的事情就是按按钮。 3．不定式作介词but, except的宾语，前面有实义动词do的某种形式时，不定式常省略to。 I had nothing to do but wait here. 今天下午我除了在这等待无事可做。 4．当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，后面的不定式符号to可省略，但表示对比关系时则不能省略。 I'm really puzzled what to think of and express. 我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。 It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 制订计划比执行计划容易。 5．在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词及使役动词let, make, have后作宾语补足语的不定式不加to，但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时，不定式要加上to。 She saw him walk into the house. 她看到他走进了那座房子。 He was seen to walk into the house. 有人看到他走进了那座房子。 He had two boys wash his car. 他让两个男孩给他洗车。 6．you'd better/why not后跟不带to的不定式。 Why not try it again? 为什么不再试试？ You'd better get up early when you want to keep up with others. 当你想追赶他人时，你最好起得早些。 名师点津 1. 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。 2. 在feel, observe, hear, notice, see, watch等感官动词后作宾补的不定式也要省略to。 3. 在had better, would rather, rather than等结构后的动词不定式要省略to。 4. 在由and, or, than连接的两个不定式中，第二个不定式to可以省去。 【名师点津】在被动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式前的to不能省略；需要强调对比或特定意义，保留to。 考点四 祈使句和感叹句 祈使句：用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称，通常省略，有时也可以加称呼语。 肯定式：动词原形开头。（I）Wish you were here. 如果你在这就好了 否定式：在动词前面加don’t。（It）Don’t give up.不要放弃。 强调式：肯定句在其前加do, 否定句在其前加never。 1 名词词组+and+陈述句（一般将来时） 名词词组中通常含有more,another,further,earlier等词。 例1. One step further and you'll fall down.再多走一步，你就会摔倒。 例2. Just a little more patience and we'll look into its00n. 再耐心点儿，我们很快就会调查此事。 2 “祈使句+and/or+陈述句（一般将来时）” 例1.Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result. 明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。 例2.Start out right away，or we'll miss the first train. 立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。 名师点津 1. 根据动词原形开头或者名词短语开头后，空格后出现主谓结构，判断设空处填连词。 2. 在此句式中，and译为“那么”。or译为“否则”。 感叹句用来表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等强烈情感,亦可用于表扬、批评等情感表达。英语感叹句常用“what”和“how”引导，并与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。句末用感叹号“!”,读时用降调。 感叹句 1 what引导的感叹句 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a clever boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀! What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语! What beautiful flowers they are!多美的花啊！ What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What fine weather it is!多好的天气啊！ 2 how引导的感叹句 How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How high the mountain is!这山真高呀! How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How clever a boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀! How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 时间过得真快呀! 考点一 倒装句 例1 Equally important (be) taking notes and listening to the teacher in class. 例2 Sitting in the front row (be) some college students who are invited to take part in a debate. 例3 Pioneer China may be in the development of umbrellas, similar devices appeared in other ancient civilizations, such as Egypt, Assyria, and Greece, primarily for sun protection. 1.As the human population continues to grow, so the effect we have on animals. 2．My sister enjoys travelling. do I. (用适当的词填空) 3．— What’s all that noise? — Just in front of the bus (lie) an injured man. （所给词的适当形式填空） 4．As global temperatures increase, do sea levels. (用适当的词填空) 5．Not only he speak more correctly, but he spoke more fluently. (用适当的词填空) 考点二 强调句 例1 It was two thousand years ago the army took control of the two cities. 例2 He come yesterday but soon went back because of an important meeting. 例3 It is this durability has made the preservation of many valuable works from ancient China possible. 1. Was it because he was ill he asked for leave? 2．It was not until she participated in a reality show and became a restaurant waitress her situation began to improve dramatically. 3. Having a hot bath (do) refresh people after a day of busy schedules. 4. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he (do) always finish. 5． is my father who will have a face-to-face talk with me. (用适当的词填空) 考点三 省略句 例1．If (do) correctly, leveraging your reputation can accomplish that goal for you. (所给词的适当形式填空) 例2. Though (know) the truth, he remained silent. (所给词的适当形式填空) 例3 Once (complete), it would help cut transport costs by up to 25%.(所给词的适当形式填空) 1.While (do) my homework, I fell asleep. 2.The little boy wanted to play computer games before finishing his homework, but his mum told him not . 3.Tom raised his right hand as if (say) something. 4.When (ask) “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?”, he replied with determination, ... 5．While (stand) in front of the sculpture, many visitors take photos. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点四 祈使句和感叹句 例1 Tap your fingers on the screen and your favorite books (deliver) to your door within a couple of hours. 例2 Take this medicine, you will be OK in no time. 例3 Not only the activity was greatly praised but also it raised our environmental awareness. What a (reward) day! 1.Leave us more time to do our homework we will have difficulty finishing all of it. 2.Study hard, you’ll fail your exams. 3.How (annoy)! I’ve left my wallet at home! 4．What an odd (coincident) that he should have known your family. 5. great fun it is to have a bowl of ice cream on such a hot day! 一、单项选择 1．Although the doctor was late, the surgery went ________ . A．as schedule B．as scheduled C．on schedule D．on scheduled 2．There ___________ a football match tomorrow. The whole school is excited about the great game. A．are going to have B．is going to have C．are going to be D．is going to be 3．—Mary, I have seen the film Gone with the Wind. —Oh, really? ______. And I admire the leading character Scarlett for her courage. A．Good idea B．With pleasure C．So have I D．Neither have I 4．—What do you think made Mary so upset? —________ her new bicycle. A．She lost B．Because she lost C．Losing D．Because of losing 5．It was in the hotel ________ he stayed _________ I met him this morning . A．that, that B．that, where C．which, that D．where, that 6．Coffee may cause sleep disturbance, especially when _________ in large amounts or after 2 pm. A．consumed B．being consumed C．consuming D．having consumed 7．Only when Lily walked into the office ________ that she had left the contract at home. A．she realized B．did she realize C．does she realize D．had she realized 8．Though __________ plastic, these envelopes look like paper after __________ with a special technique called “moisture barrier”. A．made of; being treated B．being made of; being treated C．making of; treated D．having been made of; treated 9．He hurt himself while _________ basketball. Though_________ to have a rest, he refused. A．play; tell B．playing; told C．played; told D．playing; telling 10．Only when the darkness had again descended upon me _________ how much I had left unseen. A．I should realize B．should realize I C．should I realize D．shouldn’t realize I 11．I won’t go to the party even if ________. A．inviting B．being invited C．invited D．having invited 12．Not until he bought Huawei Mate XT ________ he find that the screen could fold smoothly without many creases (折痕) and that it used special UTG glass. A．did B．would C．has D．does 13．No sooner ________ entered this Luckin Coffee chain house than he ordered the recently fashionable Moutai-flavoured coffee. A．he has B．he had C．had he D．did he 14．________ is because of his teacher’s help that he made great progress in his studies. A．This B．That C．It D．Why 15．— I wonder__________ it is__________ has made Bob__________ he is today. — Maybe, the dedication to his job. A．that; that; what B．what; what; that. C．what; that; what. D．what; that; that 16．He told us that higher up ________ an old castle where a king once lived. A．is B．being C．was D．to be 17．Unless ________ to speak, you should keep silent in class. A．invited B．inviting C．to invite D．being invited 18．_________ little education does the man receive that he fails to teach _________ little children. A．So, so B．Such, such C．So, such D．Such, so 19．We can’t find this kind of materials in our country, ________ they. A．so can B．neither can C．so do D．neither do 20．On no occasion ______ the occasion when we first met at China- Ireland Cultural Festival two years ago. A．will forget I B．I will forget C．will I forget D．will I forgot 二、语法填空 1．It is not only hard work helps us achieve our dreams, but also persistence. (用适当的词填空) 2．The project will proceed as planned, unless (suspend) due to unforeseen circumstances beyond our current control. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．If (invite) to a meal, be especially careful about your table manners. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．While breaking long walks into short intervals might not be practical in terms of length covered, Luciano emphasized that possible, people should take a few steps to break up sitting time. (用适当的词填空) 5．He (do) get up early every day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．It was by thinking creatively he solved the problem. (用适当的词填空) 7．Plain the sketch seemed at first, it gradually revealed the artist’s unique understanding of light and shadow. (用适当的词填空) 8．This is an honourable goal, and you need . If not to it, you won’t reach your goal. (dedicate) (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．When (expose) to heat, plastics will soften. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．Only after Mary walked into the classroom she realize that she had left the homework at home. (用适当的词填空) 一、阅读理解 A Karla’s Pet Care prides itself with dependable and professional care for owners and their beautiful pets in their home. Providing Pet Sitting and Dog Walking Services Since 2004 Karla’s Pet Care has been a trusted name in the Elk Grove, CA area for over 20 years, providing first-rate pet sitting and dog walking services. Our longevity (长久) in the business speaks to our commitment to excellence and our deep understanding of pets’ needs. With a team of experienced and dedicated staff members, we ensure that your pets receive the highest level of care and attention.Why Choose Karla’s Pet Care Certified Staff: Experienced professionals handling various pets Flexible Scheduling: Booking appointments based on your schedule Personalized Care Plans: Tailored services to each pet’s unique needs In-Time Updates: Detailed reports of your pet’s activities during each visitBonus Services Although your pet is our main focus, we can help do a few light housekeeping tasks with no extra charge, such as watering a few plants, fetching your mails and taking garbage can to roadsides and back for trash day, and so on.Contacts us: Karla@karlasptecare.com; Telephone: 916-812-6380 Our Clients Love Us! “It seems that they’re very happy with the sitters. Everything in the house looks like it should; no ‘doggie’ disasters. I feel very comfortable leaving them with Karla and her team even though I do miss the little ‘monsters’.” Karen W. “Karla’s pet sitting service is fabulous. The best part is Karla sends a text every time she visits, telling us that my angel ate, pottied, and of course barked. This personal touch made a huge difference and made me feel so much better. I would highly recommend Karla’s Pet Sitting service!” Dacre J. 1．What is the main purpose of the advertisement? A．To promote pet services. B．To employ pet workers. C．To call for pet protection. D．To popularize pet-raising science. 2．What bonus service will Karla’s Pet Care offer? A．Dog walking. B．Petting sitting. C．Plants watering. D．Medical caring. 3．What satisfied Dacre J. most? A．Experienced Staff. B．In-Time Updates. C．Flexible Scheduling. D．Personalized Care Plans. B I used to hate old books. When I say “old books”, I don’t mean classics, though. I mean books with yellow pages, broken spines and odd wood-like smells that you need to be careful not to break because they are already so worn down and bring you severe discomfort. One can assume that I didn’t own many old books. I had merely a few here and there that my parents had gifted me, but nothing too special. In the fourth grade,I was ready to explore a new world of reading, one that went beyond the likes of children’s chapter books and teenagers’ topics. Just then, I found my parents’ old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series. Visually, my parents’ books were my worst nightmare. I remember thinking to myself that there was no way I would be able to read these books. However, I eventually had to come to terms with the fact that if I wanted to read the series, I would have to read my parents’ copies. And so began the terrible journey of reading seven old books. When it was time for me to read the final copy, I was kind of a changed woman. I still strongly disliked old books, but the plot of the entire Harry Potter series had attracted me so much that I had almost entirely forgotten what the books looked like. By the end, I had devoted the entire Harry Potter bookshelf in my room. Now, I love old books. While the covers are sometimes so worn down that you can barely read the title of the book, you can understand what it’s about anyway. After all, an old book is a representation of generations of readers who have chosen to live in a specific fictional world because the story it contains is just that good. Old books have meaning and I love how much they mean to me now. 4．What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs? A．She had a bad relationship with her parents. B．She felt uneasy about possessing worn-out books. C．She developed a taste for reading classic literature. D．Her parents frequently handed her old books as gifts. 5．How did the author react upon seeing her parents’ Harry Potter set in fourth grade? A．Puzzled. B．Frightened. C．Surprised. D．Discouraged. 6．What does the author mean by saying “I was kind of a changed woman” in paragraph 3? A．She agreed to shelve worn-out books. B．She discovered her true reading preferences. C．She began to take pleasure in fictional stories. D．She started to ignore the books’ outward condition. 7．What is the best title of the text? A．My Journey with Old Books B．My Passion for Reading C．My Meeting with the Harry Potter Series D．My Connection with Parents via Old Books C Intellectually humble people are able to recognize and admit to the limitations of their knowledge. They tend to be more open-minded, discerning, and respectful of others. This suggests that intellectual humility (谦卑) could be a virtue worth developing, especially in children. In fact, a new study discovered that they already do, from quite a young age. In this study, a diverse group of over 100 four-to-eleven-year-old children were asked how they felt about a humble versus an over-confident adult figure. The children were presented with an ambiguous (模棱两可的) object or word. Then, the children heard two adults answer questions regarding the object or word, including what it was, how sure they were about their identification, and if they were open to it possibly being something else. Each adult initially identified the object or word in the same way. But the humble person said they were “pretty sure” they were right but that the word or object could be something else, while the over-confident person said they were “definitely sure” they were right and it couldn’t be otherwise. After viewing these interviews, the children rated whom they liked more and would rather learn from. By analyzing their responses, the researchers found that children aged five and a half years and older preferred humble people to over-confident people. “This suggests that children as young as five and a half recognize the value of intellectual humility,” says researcher Shauna Bowes of Vanderbilt University. Bowes’s finding suggests that children could benefit from adults modeling intellectual humility at younger ages. For example, elementary school teachers could express uncertainty in situations where the answer isn’t clear, nudging kids toward staying open and digging deeper into ambiguous topics. Similarly, parents could model humility with their young children, encouraging them to tackle complex problems. Bowes hopes that when adults model intellectual humility, children learn that no one has all of the answers. “There is power in saying ‘I’m not entirely sure and my knowledge is fallible, and so is yours. But we can come together and talk’,” says Bowes. “I think the earlier kids learn to do this, the better.” 8．What is a difference between the two adult figures? A．The kids viewing their interviews. B．The object or word they identified. C．Their initial way to identify an object. D．Their attitude to their identification. 9．What might be concluded according to the new study? A．Over-confidence gives rise to misunderstandings. B．Young children prefer people acting with humility. C．Humble people are bound to learn more from others. D．Children are fairly insensitive to intellectual humility. 10．What does the word “nudging” underlined in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Controlling. B．Following. C．Motivating. D．Judging. 11．What message does Bowes deliver in the last paragraph? A．Discussion doesn’t always lead to certainty. B．Hiding one’s ignorance helps maintain authority. C．Knowledgeable people are eager to share resources. D．It’s necessary to admit to one’s knowledge limitations. D For decades, social scientists have debated the link between income and happiness. A 2025 cross-country study published in the Journal of Positive Psychology — involving 120,000 participants from 45 countries across North America, Europe, and Asia — offers new insights into this complex relationship, challenging some long-held assumptions. The research team, led by Dr. Elena Marquez from the University of Zurich, first analyzed the connection between “absolute income” (total annual earnings) and self-reported happiness scores (measured on a 10-point scale). They found that for individuals with annual incomes below 75,000, there was a strong positive correlation: each 10,000 increase in income was associated with a 0.8-point rise in happiness. However, above 75,000, the correlation weakened dramatically — an additional 10,000 only led to a 0.1-point increase. Dr. Marquez labeled this $75,000 figure the “happiness threshold”: beyond this point, more money did not significantly boost happiness. What surprised researchers even more was the impact of “relative income” (income compared to peers in the same social group, such as colleagues or neighbors). For participants earning above the 75,000 threshold, relative income became a key factor. Those who earned 20% more than their peers reported happiness scores 1.2 points higher than those who earned 20% less — even if both groups had annual incomes above 100,000. “It’s not just how much you have,” Dr. Marquez explained, “but how much you have compared to people around you. This ‘social comparison effect’ often overriding the influence of absolute income once basic needs are met.” The study also highlighted regional differences. In high-cost-of-living regions like New York or Tokyo, the happiness threshold was slightly higher — around 95,000 — due to increased expenses for housing and daily necessities. In contrast, in areas with lower living costs, such as parts of rural India or Vietnam, the threshold dropped to 50,000. Notably, the social comparison effect was more pronounced in individualistic cultures (e.g., the U.S., Germany) than in collectivist cultures (e.g., Japan, Thailand), where community well-being is often prioritized over personal income status. Critics of the study point out its limitations: it relied on self-reported happiness scores, which may be influenced by temporary mood swings, and it did not account for non-financial factors like health, family relationships, or work-life balance — all of which affect happiness. Dr. Marquez acknowledged these gaps but emphasized the study’s value: “Our findings help clarify when money matters for happiness and when it doesn’t. For policymakers, this means focusing on reducing poverty (to lift people above the threshold) rather than just boosting overall economic growth. For individuals, it’s a reminder that chasing more money beyond a certain point may not lead to greater fulfillment.” 12．What can we learn about the “happiness threshold” from the study? A．It is a fixed figure of $75,000 applicable to all regions. B．Below this threshold, more money has little impact on happiness. C．Above this threshold, relative income matters more than absolute income. D．It is determined solely by an individual’s annual absolute income. 13．Why did participants earning 120,000 report lower happiness than those earning 100,000 in the same social group? A．Their absolute income was still below the happiness threshold. B．They earned 20% less than their peers in the same group. C．The 20,000 increase pushed them beyond the happiness threshold. D．They lived in high-cost regions where the threshold was 95,000. 14．Which of the following is a limitation of the 2025 study? A．It ignored the influence of relative income on happiness. B．It only included participants from individualistic cultures. C．It failed to consider non-financial factors affecting happiness. D．It used an inaccurate 10-point scale to measure happiness. 15．What does Dr. Marquez suggest policymakers do based on the study’s findings? A．Focus on increasing the overall economic growth rate. B．Set a unified happiness threshold for all regions. C．Prioritize reducing poverty to help people exceed the threshold. D．Encourage people to compare their income with peers less frequently. 七选五 When I first arrived in China, I thought I’d prepared for cultural differences. I was ready for chopsticks and studying the language. Nothing, however, could have prepared me for the Great Warm Water Rule. It began on the first day of class. I took out my ice-cold water. My Chinese roommate, Liu, looked at it with genuine surprise. 16 He nicely pushed a thermos (保温杯) of hot water towards me. “This is better for you,“ he said kindly. I was confused. How could plain hot water be better than refreshing, cold water? The plot thickened everywhere I went. 17 In restaurants, waiters would automatically bring me a pot of boiling water without asking. My professors sipped from their thermoses during lectures. It was a nationwide rule that I had somehow missed. One morning, I had a slight sore throat. When Liu heard me cough, he sprang into action and got his kettle. 18 ”Drink this, “he instructed, handing me the thermos. “It will help.” Doubtful but touched, I drank the warm water all day. To my astonishment, my throat felt better by the evening. Was it magic? Or just hydration (水合作用)? I decided to investigate this cultural mystery. I asked Liu, “Why is warm water the solution to everything?“ He explained it was about balance. 19 However, warm water helps your body function smoothly. It was my ”Aha!” moment. 20 It wasn’t just a preference; it was a deeply held belief in keeping internal harmony. Now, I still enjoy an occasional cold drink, but you’ll mostly find me with my own thermos. I’ve not only accepted the Warm Water Rule; I’ve become one of its devoted followers. A．My curiosity finally got the better of me. B．It was as if I had broken an unspoken law. C．I found the concept both strange and abnormal. D．It wasn’t just about temperature; it was about philosophy. E．He immediately filled his electric kettle and started boiling water. F．The library, the gym, even the cinema-everyone carried thermoses. G．Cold drinks are believed to shock your system and slow your digestion. 二、完形填空 Both Vijayan and his wife Mohana grew up on the streets of Kochi, India. They married 49 years ago, making a 21 by selling tea on the streets. Throughout their lives, they never gave up their dream to 22 the world. Each day, they 23 the seemingly small amount of $4.20 for their travel. Sometimes they borrowed from the bank for their trips. After their 24 , they returned to their shop and spent the next three years paying the money back — and 25 for the next trip. Mohana had always been 26 about the outside world, but never had the chance before marrying Vijayan. Their first journey together was to Egypt, which 27 lots of visitors every year. Once she’d gotten a 28 of life outside of India, she was addicted. “I was quite nervous 29 ,” she says, “Going abroad was like going into the unknown.” Traveling has opened up the couple’s minds so much. They’ve been to many natural and man-made 30 all over the world, 31 them in wonder. Vijayan remembered how 32 he was as they sat on the Eurostar train from London to Paris years ago. Vijayan and Mohana haven’t finished their adventures and their 33 is to see the whole world. “Life is beautiful. We enjoy it!” is Vijayan’s simple motto, which 34 us all that no matter what 35 face us, if there’s a will, there’s always a way. 21．A．mistake B．living C．decision D．difference 22．A．control B．change C．explore D．support 23．A．set aside B．added up C．gave out D．took in 24．A．survival B．adventures C．failure D．proposals 25．A．renting B．applying C．competing D．saving 26．A．annoyed B．positive C．curious D．concerned 27．A．attracts B．protects C．confuses D．requires 28．A．smell B．taste C．sense D．symbol 29．A．at present B．by chance C．at first D．by no means 30．A．sights B．greenhouses C．shops D．organizations 31．A．improving B．recommending C．admiring D．recognizing 32．A．amazed B．awkward C．confident D．frightened 33．A．design B．method C．work D．goal 34．A．offers B．orders C．awards D．reminds 35．A．debates B．challenges C．responsibilities D．directions 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kites are wonderful creations that have fascinated people for ages. As one of humanity’s earliest inventions to challenge the wind, the kite 36 (hold) a unique place in global cultural history, with its roots in ancient China. Kite construction consists of three main stages: framing, gluing, and decoration. Bamboo, 37 (choose) for its lightness, strength, and flexibility, forms the frame. Over centuries, these frames 38 (shape) into forms ranging from birds and diamonds to elaborate dragons. Silk and paper are the preferred materials for the sail. While silk is expensive and delicate, paper is affordable and durable, making 39 a practical choice for many kite makers. Once the sail is glued 40 the frame, the kite is decorated. Tassels (流苏) is often attached to provide movement in the wind. These wonderful attachments can make the kite dance 41 (gentle) in the air. Modern artisans employ a wide range of materials, from nylon and LEDs to specialized noise-makers, leading to an incredible 42 (diverse) of contemporary designs. 43 traditional forms remain popular, many makers now explore new creative paths. From its Chinese origins, the kite has traveled the world along ancient trade routes. This journey has transformed it into 44 universal symbol of joy and creativity, 45 (inspire) international festivals that continue to celebrate and reinvent this profound invention. 四、书信写作 46．假定你是李华，你校计划举办校园文化节活动，外教Ms. Johnson提出了两个方案：“Chinese Traditional Craft(手工艺) Workshop”和“Chinese Food Cooking Class”。请你给她写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 你的选择； 2. 说明理由。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Ms. Johnson, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 五、书面表达 47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The last bell of the day rang at 4:30 p.m., but nobody in Class 3, Grade 10 ran home. Instead, we hurried to the playground, because today was the class basketball final. Our competition, Class 5, had beaten us twice last year. We wanted to win back our pride. Our team had only seven players. The smallest was Leo, only 165 cm tall, but he could run like the wind. The tallest was Ken, 185 cm, who just learned basketball last winter. I, Jack, was the captain. My job was to pass the ball and keep everyone calm. The sun was still high. As we changed our shoes, our P. E. teacher, Mr. Liu, came over. “Remember,” he said, “basketball is five people moving like one. Trust your teammates, and trust yourself.” We put our hands together and shouted, “One, two, three, fight!” The game started. Within two minutes Class 5 scored four points. Their center, a strong boy nicknamed “Bear”, pushed Ken aside easily. On the bench our classmates began to sigh. I felt sweat in my hands. Then something small changed the day. Leo stole the ball near our basket and passed it to me. I was about to shoot when I saw Ken running alone under the hoop (篮筐). I passed the ball to him. Ken jumped, scored, and the whole class exploded with cheers. 4 — 2. The score was still close, but now we believed we could play. The second half was harder. Bear kept scoring, and with five minutes left we were behind 18 — 22. My legs were heavy, and Leo’s face was red like a tomato. During a time-out Mr. Liu simply said, “Keep moving. When you are tired, your friend is waiting.” He drew a quick arrow on his board: Leo would cut along the baseline, Ken would set a screen, and I would slip (溜走) to the weak side for the return pass. “Trust the pattern,” he added, tapping the board twice. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 We stepped back onto the court with Mr. Liu’s simple words still in our ears. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ We won, hugging, jumping, and forgetting our tired legs. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 特殊句式 ( 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 1. 准确判断并运用倒装句结构规则 2. 清晰识别强调句各成分及变化 3. 掌握省略句省略与还原的要点 4. 熟练使用祈使句各类句式功能 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对特殊句式的考查注重在复杂语境下与其它语法知识的综合考查。如语法填空中可以考查状语从句和省略句的综合运用，可以考查动词的主谓一致现象。阅读理解中出现的特殊句式会影响对句子和文章的准确理解。尤其在书面表达中熟练运用特殊句式成为得分的亮点。 年份 卷别 倒装句 省略句 强调句 2025 新高考I卷 There was Though friendly It was me who was at fault 新高考II卷 There was..;There are... Hope this email finds you well! Success is sweeter when shared. 北京卷 There is / / 2024 新高考I卷 there is what to do It was.. 新高考II卷 there is/was;what to do Trost thinks so. / 全国甲卷 / what/how to do / 2023 新高考I卷 there was how to do / 新高考II卷 there was where to do / 考点一 倒装句 1 完全倒装句 1.表示时间、地点、方位和动作转移的副词如here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等用于句首. 例1. There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made. 仍然有已经出错的可能。 例2. Out rushed the students. 例3. Down fell the apple. 2.当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常用全部倒装。 例1. South of the city lies a factory.城市的南面有家工厂。 例2.Look! From opposite the street come two kids,screaming in panic. 看!两个孩子从街对面过来，(他们)惊慌地尖叫着。 例3.Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs. 3.such作表语置于句首时，也常常用全部倒装。 例1. Such was Einstein,a simple man but a great scientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一位朴实而又伟大的科学家。 例2 .Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist. 4.为了平衡句子结构，表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。 (1) 形容词+连系动词+主语 Present at the meeting were some experts. 到会的是一些专家。 (2) 过去分词+连系动词+主语 例1. Gone are the days when we walked to work. 我们步行上班的时代一去不复返了。 例2. Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 埋在沙子里的是一个古老的村庄。 (3) 介词短语+连系动词+主语 Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys. 货物中有花，蜡烛和玩具。 名师点津 1. there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away位于句首，句子谓语是go,come,run等不及物动词，可将谓语全部置于主语之前。但主语是人称代词时，不倒装。 2. only修饰主语置于句首时, 不用倒装。 3. 若两个主语一致时, 则表示同意以上观点, 不能倒装, 此时so表示“的确如此”, 即用so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。 4. 当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时, 通常用“so it is with. . . ”或“it is the same with. . . ”。 5. Neither. . . nor. . . “……既不……, ……也不……”, 连接两个并列分句时, 这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。 6. though引导让步状语从句时, 可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。 2 部分倒装句 1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等表示否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not only,not a word,not a single,on no condition,in no case等。表示否定意义的词组开头，要用部分倒装语序。 例1. Never will he come back to the factory.他永远也不会回到这家工厂了。 例2. Not only do the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well. 护士们不仅想要增加报酬，她们也想要减少工作时间。 例3. Never have I found him so happy. 我从来没有觉得他这么高兴过。 例4.Not until he was isolated from everyone did he realize how vital the interaction with others was. 直到他与所有人隔绝，他才意识到与他人的互动是多么重要。 例5.Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the others. 在任何情况下，我们不应该做任何对自己有利但损伤他人利益的事。 2.当句子用so,nor,neither开头，说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时，主语和谓语部分倒装。 a．“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“……也是如此”。 例1 —I've got an enormous amount of work to do.我有大量的工作要做。 —So have I.我也如此。 例2. Tom likes English,and so do I.汤姆喜欢英语，我也喜欢英语。 b．“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的否定内容也适用于另一人或物，意为“……也不这样”。 I don't like it, neither does Tom. 我不喜欢它，汤姆也不喜欢它。 3.在so/such...that引导的结果状语从句中，为了强调，把so/such提到句首时，主谓要倒装。 例1. So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感动得一句话都说不出来。 例3. So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. 他跑得那么快以至于远远超过了其他人。 4.as/though引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序，即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as/though的前面。 例1. Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。 例2. Much as I like it, I'll not buy it. 尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。 例3.Pretty as she is, she is not proud. 尽管她很漂亮，但她一点也不自负。 例4.Try as he would, he might fail again. 尽管他要尝试，但可能还会失败。 【名师点津】在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的单数可数名词前不用加任何冠词。 5.在省略if的虚拟条件句中，were,had或should要提到句首构成倒装。 例1.Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him. 如果你早来几分钟，你就能看见他了。 例2. Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination. 要是早复习了功课，你有可能就通过考试了。 例3. Should it not rain tomorrow, we would go for a picnic. 要是明天不下雨，我们就可以去野餐。 6.当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，采用部分倒装形式。要注意“only+主语”用在句首时不倒装。 例1. Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home. 直到莉莉走进办公室，她才意识到自己把合同落在家里了。 例2. Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语) 只有用这种方法才能可能解释它。 例3. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句) 直到1918年战争结束后，他才得以满怀高兴地重返工作岗位。 例4. Only you can help me.只有你能帮助我。 7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 例1. May you succeed!祝你成功! 例2. Long live the People’s Republic of China! = May the People’s Republic of China (should) live long. 中华人民共和国万岁！ 8.neither...nor...连接两个并列分句时，这两个分句都要用倒装形式。 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.我既不知道这件事，也不关心这件事。 3 there be句式的倒装 1.There be 句型表示“某地有某物或某时有某事”。there 是引导词，be 后面的名词是主语，基本结构为 “there be+人或物+地点或时间”。 例1. There have been many great changes in our country since then. 自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。 例2.I think there is a problem with the engine.【2021年新高考I卷听力】我想是引擎出了问题。 例3. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine.【2024年新高考I卷读后续写】 在入口处，有一台提款机。 例4.There was plenty of space for the kids to run and play.【2025年新高考I卷阅读理解】 孩子们有足够的空间奔跑和玩耍。 2. There be 句型中的主谓一致的原则 主语是单数或不可数名词时，be用单数形式。主语是复数名词时，be用复数形式。如果主语是并列结构,be动词应遵循“就近原则”，即be动词与离其最近的主语保持一致。 例1. There are two people waiting outside. 有两个人正在外面等候。 例2. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. 有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适 3.There be 句型中常用动词和形式 There be 结构中的谓语动词 be 有时可以用 seem to be, happen to be, is likely to be 或半系动词remain，stand，lie，go，exist, follow，live，come，occur 等替换。结构有的时态形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。 例1. Despite the defence, there is likely to be some flooding. 尽管有保护措施，但洪水还是很可能涌进城市。 例2. Once upon a time, there lived an old king in the castle. 从前，那座城堡里住着一位国王。 例3. There is going to be hardship, but we have to grit our teeth and get on with it. 磨难会有的，但我们必须下定决心继续做下去。. 例4. There have been many such accidents.已发生了好几起那样的事故。 例5. There can be thousands of rice plants in one paddy. 一块稻田可能有成千上万株水稻。 4.There be 句型的常考句式： There is no point/sense(in)doing sth.做某事没有意义 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事 There is(no)difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难 There is(no)possibility of(doing)sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能性 5. There be 句型中的非谓语形式 There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。 I expect there to be no argument about this. 我希望在这方面不会有任何争论。 I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me. 我从没想过会有什么好机会。 There being nothing else to do，we went home. (there be句型的独立主格结构) 由于我们无事可做，我们就回家了。 考点二 强调句 强调是一种修辞效果，是为了对一定语境中的部分内容进行突出而采用的一种手段。英语中的强调主要有It is/was...that/who...型，“do/does/did+动词原形”型，或通过某些词加强语气等。 1 It is/was...that/who...强调句 这种句型可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时, 可用that或who, 其他情况下用that。强调的是现在时或将来时，用It is...that/who...；强调部分是过去时，用It was...that/who...。 对主语进行强调：It was I that/who bought my son a new mobile phone in this shop yesterday. 对地点状语进行强调：It was in the park that he met Lily for the first time. 正是在那个公园他第一次遇到了lily。 对宾语进行强调：It was him who won the game held last week. 是他赢得了上周举行的比赛。. 对时间状语进行强调：It was yesterday that I bought my son a new mobile phone in this shop. 【名师点津】强调主语时，其后的谓语动词应当和主语保持人称和数的一致。 例1. It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady. 例2. It is he who is to blame.这是他的错。 名师点津 1. 在强调句中，that进行连接，没有实际意义，只起到语法连接作用，只有指人时，可以用who代替that。 例1. It was in Beijing that I was born. 我就是在北京出生的. 例2. It was Jane, the fastest student in our school, who first crossed the finish line. 是我们学校跑的最快的学生Jane第一个冲过了终点线。 2. 强调句中be的时态要根据原句的时态而定。有时还可用It might be/must have been/can’t be...that/who...等句式。 例1. It is the child that controls the pace, topic and lessons, not the rest of the class or the teacher.掌握进度、话题和课程的是这个孩子，而不是班上其余的人或老师。 例2. It might be tomorrow evening that the news will be broadcast.这则消息可能在明天晚上播出。 例3. It must have been Lily who cooked the meal.肯定是莉莉做的这顿饭。 3. 人称和数的运用 被强调的部分如果是句子的主语，that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。 例1. It is I that/who am going to study abroad.是我要去国外学习。 例2. It is he that/who is leaving for Shanghai on business.是他将要去上海出差。 2 not...until...用于强调句 “not. . . until. . . ”句型的强调结构为“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。 例1. It was not until 11 o’clock last night that he went to bed. 直到昨晚11点，他才上床睡觉。 例2. It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi. 直到他到家三十分钟后他才发现他把包落在了出租车上。 【名师点津】Not until...用于句首时，也可表示强调，句子使用部分倒装。如，Not until 11 o’clock did he go to bed. 3 强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it+被强调部分+who/that...? 例1. Was it in 1939 that World War Ⅱ broke out? 是在1939年Ⅱ世界大战爆发了吗？ 例2. Was it in the park that he met our new teacher? 他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗? 4 强调句的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/was it+who/that...? 例1. Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 你昨天是在哪里见到杰克的？ 例2. When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的? 例3. Who was it that broke the window？打破窗户的是谁？ 5 强调句与定语从句和名词性从句易混辨析 强调句与主语从句的区别 强调句型去掉It is/was和that之后, 句子结构仍然完整, 而主语从句却不能。 1. It is there that accidents often happen. (强调句) 2. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (主语从句) 强调句与定语从句的区别 强调句中that没有意义, 且不作任何成分, 而定语从句中that为关系代词, 在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 1. It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading. (强调句) 2. It is a question that needs careful consideration. (定语从句) 强调句与状语从句的区别 强调句型去掉It is/was和that后, 结构完整, 而It is. . . when. . . 中, it指代时间。 1. It was at six o’clock that I got up today. (强调句) 2. It was six o’clock when I got up today. (状语从句) 6 do/does/did强调谓语动词 用助动词do,does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。 1. do/does/did+动词原形。 例1. She does like music. 她真的喜欢音乐。 例2. She did tell me her address,but I forgot all about it. 她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。 2. “never+助动词do”也常用来表示强调, 一般意为“从来没有, 绝不”。 【名师点津】在强调谓语时，do/does/did译为“的确、确实”等，其后动词用原形。 考点三 省略句 1 状语从句的省略 在as if,if,though,when,where,while,no matter what,until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 例1. All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise,date from the 1950s. 这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50年代。 例2. When (it is) faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. 当（它是）面对如此多的选择时，狮子会选择冻结和等待，而不是攻击拿着椅子的人。 例3. When （people are）reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.【2024年新高考I卷】（主句逻辑主语for people省略）当阅读几百个单词或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。 特殊省略 意义 特殊省略 意义 as soon as possible 尽快 as before/usual 像以前/寻常一样 if so 如果这样的话 if not 若非如此 if ever 如果曾经有的话 if any 如果有的话 if possible 如果可能的话 if necessary 如果有必要的话 If possible，let me know beforehand. 如有可能，事先通知我。 Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to my help. 他会在任何可能的时候来帮助我。 2 定语从句的省略 1.在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词that, which, whom充当宾语, 而且前面无介词时可省略。 例1. He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday. 2. the way后的定语从句常省略关系词that或in which, the time后的定语从句常省略关系词that或when。 例1.The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice. 他们展示了微塑料是如何通过沸腾过程被捕获的，这很好。【2025年新高考I卷】 例2. I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others. 3 名词性从句的省略 1.引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词that可省略。 例1. He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was kind. 他告诉我（那个）她是一个漂亮的女孩，而且她很善良 例2. Educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same.【2024年新高考I卷】 教育工作者不应该认为所有的媒体都是一样的。 2.wh-+to do如果从句中不影响句意理解，可以省略主谓的部分，保留wh+to do， 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。 例1. I don’t know what to do.【2021年全国乙卷听力】=I don’t know what I can do.我不知道该怎么办。 例2.You have to know where to stand for a good viewpoint. (作宾语)你得知道站在哪儿才会有好的视角。 例3. I have no idea how to deal with it. (作同位语)我不知道怎么应对。 In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. 【2025年新高考I卷】 在他们的新书《运动：如何夺回我们的街道，改变我们的生活》中，他们呼吁重新思考我们的街道以及它们在我们生活中扮演的角色。 3. I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语后面跟so与not分别相当于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。 例1. —Do you think it will rain? —I hope not (that it will not rain). 例2.—Do you think it will rain?你认为会下雨吗？ —I hope not/that it will not rain.我希望不要下。 例3—Do you believe our team will win?你相信我们队会赢吗？ —I guess so.我猜会赢。 4 不定式的省略 1. 动词mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, 后面可用保留不定式符号to而省略其余短语。如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。 例1. —Are you a sailor? —No, but I used to be. 例2.—Will you join in the game? —I’d be glad to. 2．当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略to。 The only thing you have to do is press the button. 你唯一要做的事情就是按按钮。 3．不定式作介词but, except的宾语，前面有实义动词do的某种形式时，不定式常省略to。 I had nothing to do but wait here. 今天下午我除了在这等待无事可做。 4．当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，后面的不定式符号to可省略，但表示对比关系时则不能省略。 I'm really puzzled what to think of and express. 我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。 It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 制订计划比执行计划容易。 5．在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词及使役动词let, make, have后作宾语补足语的不定式不加to，但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时，不定式要加上to。 She saw him walk into the house. 她看到他走进了那座房子。 He was seen to walk into the house. 有人看到他走进了那座房子。 He had two boys wash his car. 他让两个男孩给他洗车。 6．you'd better/why not后跟不带to的不定式。 Why not try it again? 为什么不再试试？ You'd better get up early when you want to keep up with others. 当你想追赶他人时，你最好起得早些。 名师点津 1. 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。 2. 在feel, observe, hear, notice, see, watch等感官动词后作宾补的不定式也要省略to。 3. 在had better, would rather, rather than等结构后的动词不定式要省略to。 4. 在由and, or, than连接的两个不定式中，第二个不定式to可以省去。 【名师点津】在被动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式前的to不能省略；需要强调对比或特定意义，保留to。 考点四 祈使句和感叹句 祈使句：用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称，通常省略，有时也可以加称呼语。 肯定式：动词原形开头。（I）Wish you were here. 如果你在这就好了 否定式：在动词前面加don’t。（It）Don’t give up.不要放弃。 强调式：肯定句在其前加do, 否定句在其前加never。 1 名词词组+and+陈述句（一般将来时） 名词词组中通常含有more,another,further,earlier等词。 例1. One step further and you'll fall down.再多走一步，你就会摔倒。 例2. Just a little more patience and we'll look into its00n. 再耐心点儿，我们很快就会调查此事。 2 “祈使句+and/or+陈述句（一般将来时）” 例1.Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result. 明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。 例2.Start out right away，or we'll miss the first train. 立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。 名师点津 1. 根据动词原形开头或者名词短语开头后，空格后出现主谓结构，判断设空处填连词。 2. 在此句式中，and译为“那么”。or译为“否则”。 感叹句用来表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等强烈情感,亦可用于表扬、批评等情感表达。英语感叹句常用“what”和“how”引导，并与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。句末用感叹号“!”,读时用降调。 感叹句 1 what引导的感叹句 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a clever boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀! What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语! What beautiful flowers they are!多美的花啊！ What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What fine weather it is!多好的天气啊！ 2 how引导的感叹句 How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How high the mountain is!这山真高呀! How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How clever a boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀! How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 时间过得真快呀! 考点一 倒装句 例1 Equally important (be) taking notes and listening to the teacher in class. 【答案】are 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：同样重要的是在课堂上记笔记和听老师讲课。Equally important在开头，句子为完全倒装句，主语为taking notes and listening to the teacher，看作复数形式。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时。故填are。 例2 Sitting in the front row (be) some college students who are invited to take part in a debate. 【答案】are 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：坐在前排的是一些大学生，他们被邀请参加一场辩论。本句为完全倒装结构，主语为some college students，陈述事实用一般现在时，谓语用复数。故填are。 例3 Pioneer China may be in the development of umbrellas, similar devices appeared in other ancient civilizations, such as Egypt, Assyria, and Greece, primarily for sun protection. 【答案】as/though 【解析】考查让步状语从句的倒装结构。句意：尽管中国可能是雨伞发展的先驱，但类似的装置也出现在其他古代文明中，如埃及、亚述和希腊，主要用于防晒。“Pioneer ______ China may be in the development of umbrellas”是让步状语从句，表语Pioneer提前，构成“名词+as/though+主语+其他”的倒装结构，表示“尽管……”，应用从属连词as或者though引导这种让步状语从句。故填as/though。 1.As the human population continues to grow, so the effect we have on animals. 【答案】does 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：随着人类人口持续增长，我们（的行为）对动物产生的影响也在加剧。“so+助动词+主语”是一个固定的倒装结构，表示“……也一样”。在这个句子中，前半句“As the human population continues to grow”是一个肯定句，后半句表示“我们对动物的影响也一样（在增长）”，为了避免重复，用助动词does来代替实义动词grow，与前半句的谓语动词形式保持一致。故填does。 2．My sister enjoys travelling. do I. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】So 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：我妹妹喜欢旅游。我也喜欢。表示前文的情况同样适用于后文，且第一句是肯定句时，第二句可以用“so+助动词+主语”，本空用so，位于句首，首字母大写。故填So。 3．— What’s all that noise? — Just in front of the bus (lie) an injured man. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】lies 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：——那是什么声音？——公交车前边躺着一个受伤的人。本句是完全倒装句，主语是an injured man，表示单数意义，描述当前事实使用一般现在时，谓语动词使用单数，故填lies。 4．As global temperatures increase, do sea levels. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】so 【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：随着全球气温的上升，海平面也在上升。本题考查部分倒装，表示前文所说的肯定情况也适用于另外一个主语，可用so+助动词/系动词/情态动词+另一主语，意为“……也是这样。”。故填so。 5．Not only he speak more correctly, but he spoke more fluently. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查部分倒装和时态。句意：他不仅说得更正确了，而且说得更流利了。not only置于句首，句子使用部分倒装的结构，需将助动词提前至主语he之前，结合“spoke”可知，时态为一般过去时，助动词应用did。故填did。 考点二 强调句 例1 It was two thousand years ago the army took control of the two cities. 【答案】that 【解析】考查强调句。句意：是两千年前军队控制了这两座城市。分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句，其基本结构为“It is/was +被强调部分+ that +其他部分”，本句中被强调的部分是时间状语“two thousand years ago”。故填that。 例2 He come yesterday but soon went back because of an important meeting. 【答案】did 【解析】考查强调。句意：他昨天确实来了，但因为一个重要的会议很快就回去了。分析句子结构可知，此处是“do/does/did+动词原形”的强调结构。根据yesterday和went back可知，此句是一般过去时,此空应用did。故填did。 例3 It is this durability has made the preservation of many valuable works from ancient China possible. 【答案】that 【解析】考查强调句型。句意：正是这种耐久性，使得许多中国古代珍贵作品的保存成为可能。此处为“it be + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分”强调句型，强调的是主语this durability，指物，应用that。故填that。 1. Was it because he was ill he asked for leave? 【答案】that 【解析】考查强调句。句意：他请假是因为生病吗？此处是强调句的一般疑问句式，被强调部分是原因状语从句because he was ill，故填that。 2．It was not until she participated in a reality show and became a restaurant waitress her situation began to improve dramatically. 【答案】that 【解析】考查强调句。句意：直到她参加了一档真人秀节目并成为一名餐厅服务员，她的处境才开始显著改善。分析句子结构可知，此处为强调句结构“It was not until...that...”强调时间状语，所以此处为that。故填that。 3. Having a hot bath (do) refresh people after a day of busy schedules. 【答案】does 【解析】考查强调句和时态。句意：在一天的忙碌之后，洗个热水澡确实能让人恢复精神。此处是“do+动词原形”对位于进行强调，句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，主语是动名词短语，表示单数意义，故使用助动词的三单形式，故填does。 4. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he (do) always finish. 【答案】did 【解析】考查强调句。句意：大卫从来没有缺席过一次训练，尽管他总是比其他孩子跑得慢，但他总是能跑完。空处对谓语finished进行强调，需用助动词do，此处为一般过去时，助动词用did。故填did。 5． is my father who will have a face-to-face talk with me. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】It 【详解】考查强调句。句意：是我的父亲将和我进行一次面对面的谈话。去掉it is和空处，剩下的成分可以构成完整的句子，可知为强调句：It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that/ who + 其它部分，被强调部分为my father，故填It。 考点三 省略句 例1．If (do) correctly, leveraging your reputation can accomplish that goal for you. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】done 【详解】考查省略。句意：如果做得正确，利用你的声誉可以为你实现这个目标。此处为状语从句的省略，省略了主语和be动词，且为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填done。 例2. Though (know) the truth, he remained silent. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】knowing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管知道真相，但他仍然保持沉默。动词know是句子主语he主动发出的动作，用现在分词形式，表示主动，作状语，是状语从句中的省略。故填knowing。 例3 Once (complete), it would help cut transport costs by up to 25%.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】completed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦完成，它将有助于将运输成本降低多达25%。本题考查状语从句的省略。当状语从句中的主语和主句中的主语保持一致且含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。本句话的完整结构为“Once it is completed, it would help cut transport costs by up to 25%.”，所以省略从句中的主语和be动词，剩下过去分词作状语。故填completed。 1.While (do) my homework, I fell asleep. 【答案】doing 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：我在做作业的时候睡着了。当主句和从句主语一致，且从句谓语含有be动词时，从句可省略主语和be动词。原句完整形式为“While I was doing my homework, I fell asleep.”。 故填doing。 2.The little boy wanted to play computer games before finishing his homework, but his mum told him not . 【答案】to 【解析】考查不定式的省略。句意：这个小男孩想在完成作业前玩电脑游戏，但他妈妈告诉他不可以。此处为“tell sb. not to do sth.”的省略形式，为了避免重复，不定式符号后的动词可省略，只保留不定式符号“to”，其完整内容为but his mum told him not to play computer games。故填to。 3.Tom raised his right hand as if (say) something. 【答案】to say 【解析】考查不定式。句意：汤姆举起右手，好像要说什么。分析句子结构可知，句中“as if(好像；似乎)”引导方式状语从句，当从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有“be动词” 时，从句可省略“主语 + be动词”，仅保留不定式“to do”结构，此处完整从句应为“as if he was to say something”，省略后直接用to say，符合语境。故填to say。 4.When (ask) “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?”, he replied with determination, ... 【答案】asked 【解析】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当被问到“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗？”时，他坚定地回答说……当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中when引导的时间状语从句中，主语he与ask为被动关系，完整句子为“When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?””，省略“主语he+be动词”，本空用过去分词形式。故填asked。 5．While (stand) in front of the sculpture, many visitors take photos. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】standing 【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和省略。句意：许多游客站在雕塑前拍照留念。While引导的时间状语从句表示“当他们站在雕塑前时”，用现在进行时表正在进行的动作，主语many visitors是复数，因此while引导的从句是while they are standing in front of the sculpture，时间状语从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是standing。故填standing。 考点四 祈使句和感叹句 例1 Tap your fingers on the screen and your favorite books (deliver) to your door within a couple of hours. 【答案】will be delivered 【解析】考查固定句型和时态语态。句意：用手指轻敲屏幕，你最喜欢的书就会在几个小时内送到你家门口。分析句子结构可知，这是一个“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”的结构，陈述句通常用一般将来时，表示在前面的条件下会产生的结果。主语your favorite books与deliver之间是被动关系，即书被递送，因此需用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be + 过去分词”。故填will be delivered。 例2 Take this medicine, you will be OK in no time. 【答案】and 【解析】考查连词。句意：吃了这药，你很快就会好起来的。“祈使句+and+陈述句”为固定句型，意为“……那么……”，表示顺承的结果。故填and。 例3 Not only the activity was greatly praised but also it raised our environmental awareness. What a (reward) day! 【答案】rewarding 【解析】考查形容词。句意：活动不仅受到高度赞扬，还提高了我们的环保意识。多么有意义的一天！分析可知，本句为what a/an+形容词+名词+主语结构，空处应为形容词，reward形容词为rewarding表示“值得做的；有益的”，故填rewarding。 1.Leave us more time to do our homework we will have difficulty finishing all of it. 【答案】or 【解析】考查连词。句意：给我们更多时间做家庭作业，否则我们将难以完成所有作业。根据句意可知，此处为连词“or”在此处意为“否则，要不然”，用于连接两个句子，表达一种相反的假设或结果，符合语境。故填or。 2.Study hard, you’ll fail your exams. 【答案】or 【解析】考查固定句型和连词。句意：努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。“祈使句+or+陈述句”是固定句型，祈使句表达的是一种积极的建议，后面陈述句部分则如果不接受建议会产生的一种消极的结果，连词or表示“否则，不然”；从语境来看，句中建议努力学习，这样就能避免考试不及格，适合本句型，用连词or连接。故填or。 3.How (annoy)! I’ve left my wallet at home! 【答案】annoying 【解析】考查形容词。句意：真烦人！我把钱包忘在家里了！本句为How引导的感叹句，句型为：How+形容词/副词+（主语+谓语）!结合句意可知，这里省略了主语和谓语，描述的是“我把钱包忘在家里”这件事是令人恼怒的，是事物的特征，故需将所给动词annoy变为-ing结尾的形容词annoying，作表语，意为“令人恼怒的，令人烦恼的”。故填annoying。 4．What an odd (coincident) that he should have known your family. 【答案】coincidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：他竟然认识你的家人，真是太巧了。此处为what a/an +（adj.）+n +( it is)结构的感叹句，因此空处用提示词的名词形式，coincidence“巧合”符合题意，冠词an提示用其单数形式。故填coincidence。 5. great fun it is to have a bowl of ice cream on such a hot day! 【答案】What 【详解】考查感叹句。句意：在如此炎热的天吃一碗冰淇淋多么有趣！感叹句结构通常为“What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主谓！”或“How + 形容词/副词 + 主谓！”。题目中great fun为“形容词+名词”结构（fun为不可数名词），因此需用what引导感叹句。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填What。 一、单项选择 1．Although the doctor was late, the surgery went ________ . A．as schedule B．as scheduled C．on schedule D．on scheduled 【答案】B 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然医生迟到了，但手术还是按计划进行了。这里表示按计划进行，应用as scheduled，为状语从句的省略结构，省略了主语和be动词。选项A和D形式不正确，C项on schedule意为“如期”，不符合题意。故选B。 2．There ___________ a football match tomorrow. The whole school is excited about the great game. A．are going to have B．is going to have C．are going to be D．is going to be 【答案】D 【详解】考查there be句型。句意：明天将有一场足球比赛。整个学校都为这场伟大的比赛感到兴奋。分析句子且由tomorrow可知，这里考查there be句型的将来时形式，主语a football match为第三人称单数形式，所以这里应为there will be或者there is going to be。故选D项。 3．—Mary, I have seen the film Gone with the Wind. —Oh, really? ______. And I admire the leading character Scarlett for her courage. A．Good idea B．With pleasure C．So have I D．Neither have I 【答案】C 【详解】考查情景交际。——玛丽，我看过电影《乱世佳人》。——真的吗？我也是。我很佩服女主角斯嘉丽的勇气。A. Good idea好主意；B. With pleasure乐意地；C. So have I我也是；D. Neither have I我也没有。根据后文“And I admire the leading character Scarlett for her courage.(我很佩服女主角斯嘉丽的勇气)”可知，我也看过。固定句式：so+be/情态动词/助动词+主语，表示“……也一样”根据上句“I have seen the film Gone with the Wind.(我看过电影《乱世佳人》)”谓语have seen，可知，答语句子的时态为现在完成时。故选C。 4．—What do you think made Mary so upset? —________ her new bicycle. A．She lost B．Because she lost C．Losing D．Because of losing 【答案】C 【详解】考查省略句型。句意：——你认为是什么让玛丽这么难过？——丢了她的新自行车。分析句子可知，此处为省略句型，Losing her new bicycle是动名词短语作主语，回答上句中What的问题；其后面省略了made Mary so upset，动名词作主语作为回答语时，后面谓语部分经常省略。故选C项。 5．It was in the hotel ________ he stayed _________ I met him this morning . A．that, that B．that, where C．which, that D．where, that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：今天早上我就是在他住的旅馆里遇见他的。第一空为关系词引导的定语从句修饰先行词hotel，从句中不缺主语和宾语，且先行词表地点，所以使用关系副词where；第二空为强调句型“it was+被强调部分+that...”，强调地点状语，所以第二空为that。故选D项。 6．Coffee may cause sleep disturbance, especially when _________ in large amounts or after 2 pm. A．consumed B．being consumed C．consuming D．having consumed 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：咖啡可能会引起睡眠障碍，尤其是大量饮用后或在下午两点以后饮用。此处为状语从句的省略，且consume意为“吃；喝；饮用”，与句子主语 coffee构成逻辑上的动宾关系，省略be动词，故用过去分词形式。故选A。 7．Only when Lily walked into the office ________ that she had left the contract at home. A．she realized B．did she realize C．does she realize D．had she realized 【答案】B 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：当莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。“only+状语从句”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。根据句意和从句谓语动词“walked”及“had left”可知，“realize” 这个动作发生在莉莉走进办公室的时候，在合同落在家之后，也就是过去的某个时刻，时态为一般过去时，进行倒装时应将助动词 did 提至主语 she 前。故选B。 8．Though __________ plastic, these envelopes look like paper after __________ with a special technique called “moisture barrier”. A．made of; being treated B．being made of; being treated C．making of; treated D．having been made of; treated 【答案】A 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略以及非谓语动词。句意：虽然这些信封是用塑料制成的，但经过一种称为“防潮层”的特殊处理后，看起来像纸一样。第一空为Though引导的让步状语从句的省略，完整的句子为Though these envelopes are made of plastic，当从句的主语与主句一致时，且从句中含有be动词，从句中的be动词和主语可省略，故第一个空用made of；after为介词，后跟加动名词doing作宾语，these envelopes与treat为被动关系，故用being treated。故选A。 9．He hurt himself while _________ basketball. Though_________ to have a rest, he refused. A．play; tell B．playing; told C．played; told D．playing; telling 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态，被动语态，主谓一致和省略。句意：他打篮球时受了伤，虽然让他休息，他还是拒绝了。while引导的是时间状语从句，表示“当他正在打篮球时”为while he was playing basketball，主句中主语和从句中主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此第一空是playing，表主动；Though引导的让步状语从句表示“虽然他被叫去休息”为though he was told to have a rest，从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此第二空是told，表被动。故选B。 10．Only when the darkness had again descended upon me _________ how much I had left unseen. A．I should realize B．should realize I C．should I realize D．shouldn’t realize I 【答案】C 【详解】考查部分倒装结构。句意：只有当黑暗再次降临到我身上时，我才意识到我有多少东西是看不见的。当“only+状语”位于句首时，主句需要使用部分倒装结构。本题将情态动词should“才，可能”放在主语I之前，realize“意识到”的位置不变。故选C。 11．I won’t go to the party even if ________. A．inviting B．being invited C．invited D．having invited 【答案】C 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：即使被邀请，我也不会去参加聚会。even if引导让步状语从句，结合语意，从句主语应用I，且invite与I之间是被动关系，从句应用被动语态，即be invited，状语从句中，如果从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句的谓语动词中含有be动词的形式，则省略从句主语和be动词，即even if invited。故选C项。 12．Not until he bought Huawei Mate XT ________ he find that the screen could fold smoothly without many creases (折痕) and that it used special UTG glass. A．did B．would C．has D．does 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：直到买了华为Mate XT，他才发现屏幕可以平滑折叠，没有很多折痕，而且它使用了特殊的UTG玻璃。Not until位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。其结构为：Not until + 从句 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其它。根据bought可知，这里是一般过去时，所以用助动词did。故选A。 13．No sooner ________ entered this Luckin Coffee chain house than he ordered the recently fashionable Moutai-flavoured coffee. A．he has B．he had C．had he D．did he 【答案】C 【详解】考查倒装和时态。句意：他刚走进这家瑞幸咖啡连锁店，就点了最近很流行的茅台味咖啡。固定搭配no sooner...than...表示“一……就……”，no sooner位于句首时，其后的句子要用部分倒装，且主句使用过去完成had done，than后面的从句使用一般过去时‌。故选C。 14．________ is because of his teacher’s help that he made great progress in his studies. A．This B．That C．It D．Why 【答案】C 【详解】考查强调句。句意：正是因为老师的帮助，他在学习上取得了很大的进步。强调句型结构为“It is+被强调部分＋that … ”，本句强调原因状语“because of his teacher’s help”。故选C。 15．— I wonder__________ it is__________ has made Bob__________ he is today. — Maybe, the dedication to his job. A．that; that; what B．what; what; that. C．what; that; what. D．what; that; that 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词性从句和强调句型。句意：我想知道是什么让鲍勃成为了今天的他。第一空位于动词wonder后，应用what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语；第二空应填that与空前it is构成强调句型“It is + 被强调部分 + that + 句子的其他部分”；第三空是made的宾语补足语，应用what 引导名词性从句，并在从句中作表语。故选 C。 16．He told us that higher up ________ an old castle where a king once lived. A．is B．being C．was D．to be 【答案】C 【详解】考查完全倒装和动词时态。句意：他告诉我们，更高的地方是一座国王曾经住过的古堡。空处作that引导的宾语从句的谓语，地点状语higher up置于句首，句子采用完全倒装结构，可排除B和D项，主句“He told us”是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态要与主句保持一致，这里要用一般过去时，主语an old castle为单数，be动词应用was。故选C。 17．Unless ________ to speak, you should keep silent in class. A．invited B．inviting C．to invite D．being invited 【答案】A 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非被邀请发言，否则你应该在课堂上保持沉默。此处为条件状语从句中，省略“主语+be”结构，条件状语从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且谓语动词含有be动词时，可以省略“主语+be”，该句中从句主语和主句主语均为you，且invite与主语you之间为被动关系，谓语为are invited，此处可以省略“you are”，所以使用过去分词invited。故选A项。 18．_________ little education does the man receive that he fails to teach _________ little children. A．So, so B．Such, such C．So, such D．Such, so 【答案】C 【详解】考查such和so的辨析。句意：这个人受的教育太少了，以至于他教不了这么小的孩子。分析句子可知，当使用表示数量多少的形容词如many, much, few, little时，通常使用so来修饰这些形容词。第一个little表示数量上“少”，所以应用so修饰；第二个little表示“小”，且后面有名词，所以应用such修饰。故选C项。 19．We can’t find this kind of materials in our country, ________ they. A．so can B．neither can C．so do D．neither do 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我们在国内找不到这种材料，他们也找不到。“neither”意为“也不”，是副词，通常放在句首，表示前面否定的情况也适用于后者，句子要用部分倒装结构。“so”意为“也”，表示前面肯定的情况也适用于后者。本句中的前一句“We can’t find this kind of materials in our country”是一个否定句，所以“neither”适用于此句，可排除选项A和选项C。空处谓语应该与上一句的谓语“can’t find”保持一致，即应该使用情态动词“can”而不是实义动词“do”，所以“neither can they”正确，表示“他们也不能”，可排除选项D。故选B。 20．On no occasion ______ the occasion when we first met at China- Ireland Cultural Festival two years ago. A．will forget I B．I will forget C．will I forget D．will I forgot 【答案】C 【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：在任何情况下，我都不会忘记两年前我们在中爱文化节上第一次见面的那一刻。On no occasion“任何情况都不，在任何场合都不”是一个否定词组，位于句首时，主句需要部分倒装，本题将助动词will放在主语I之前，动词forget“忘记”用原形。故选C。 二、语法填空 1．It is not only hard work helps us achieve our dreams, but also persistence. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句。句意：不仅努力工作有助于我们实现梦想，坚持不懈也同样重要。此处为强调句：it is+被强调部分+that/who+其他，被强调部分为not only hard work，指物。故填that。 2．The project will proceed as planned, unless (suspend) due to unforeseen circumstances beyond our current control. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】suspended 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：该项目将按计划推进，除非因目前无法控制的不可预见情况而暂停。分析句子结构可知，The project will proceed as planned为主句，unless引导的为条件状语从句；由于从句主语与主句主语一致，故可将从句中的主语和be动词一同省略，仅保留过去分词suspended，其完整形式为：unless (the project is) suspended...。故填suspended。 3．If (invite) to a meal, be especially careful about your table manners. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】invited 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果被邀请去吃饭，要特别注意你的餐桌礼仪。在when, while, if, as if, though (或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词；“if (invite) to a meal”是条件状语从句，原句为“if you are invited to a meal”，其中you与作主句的祈使句中隐含主语一致，符合状语从句省略条件，省略you are后，保留过去分词invited。故填invited。 4．While breaking long walks into short intervals might not be practical in terms of length covered, Luciano emphasized that possible, people should take a few steps to break up sitting time. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whenever/when/if 【详解】考查状语从句省略。句意：虽然将长时间的步行分成短时间的间隔可能不太实际，但卢西亚诺强调，只要有可能/在任何可能的时候，人们应该采取一些措施来打破坐着的时间。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“在任何可能的时候，人们都应该起身走几步，打破长时间的久坐”，因此可使用whenever/when引导时间状语从句，其完整形式是 whenever/when it is possible，此处也可以表示“如果可能的话”，因此可以使用if引导条件状语从句，其完整形式是if it is possible。故填whenever/when/if。 5．He (do) get up early every day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】does 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：他确实每天起得很早。空后为动词原形，可推知此处用“do/does/did+动词原形”构成强调句型，用来强调谓语动词，结合“every day”可知，时态用一般现在时，描述经常性的行为，主语为He，因此用does。故填does。 6．It was by thinking creatively he solved the problem. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句。句意：他正是通过创造性思考解决了这个问题。此处是强调句结构：It was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他成分，被强调的是方式状语by thinking creatively，故填that。 7．Plain the sketch seemed at first, it gradually revealed the artist’s unique understanding of light and shadow. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：这幅素描起初看似平淡，但渐渐地展现出了艺术家对光影的独特理解。根据形容词Plain位于句首、句子部分倒装以及后文的语义转折可知，此空应是as/ though引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然”，其倒装结构为“形容词+as/ though+主语+谓语”。故填as/ though。 8．This is an honourable goal, and you need . If not to it, you won’t reach your goal. (dedicate) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 dedication dedicated 【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意：这是一个光荣的目标，而你必须全力付出。如果不全身心投入其中，你就无法达成目标。第一空作宾语，用名词dedication，不可数；第二空为省略句，省略了主语you和be动词are，表示“全身心投入”用形容词dedicated，作表语。故填①dedication；②dedicated。 9．When (expose) to heat, plastics will soften. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】exposed 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：塑料受热会软化。此处用了When引导状语从句，且从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句中含有be动词，因此对主语和be动词同时进行了省略，expose“暴露，使显露”和被省略的主语plastics之间是被动关系，因此用expose的过去分词形式。故填exposed。 10．Only after Mary walked into the classroom she realize that she had left the homework at home. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查倒装。句意：只有在玛丽走进教室后，她才意识到她把作业忘在家里了。“Only+状语从句”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，即将助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语前；根据walked可知，时态为一般过去时，realize为实义动词，故要将助动词did提到主语前。故填did。 一、阅读理解 A Karla’s Pet Care prides itself with dependable and professional care for owners and their beautiful pets in their home. Providing Pet Sitting and Dog Walking Services Since 2004 Karla’s Pet Care has been a trusted name in the Elk Grove, CA area for over 20 years, providing first-rate pet sitting and dog walking services. Our longevity (长久) in the business speaks to our commitment to excellence and our deep understanding of pets’ needs. With a team of experienced and dedicated staff members, we ensure that your pets receive the highest level of care and attention.Why Choose Karla’s Pet Care Certified Staff: Experienced professionals handling various pets Flexible Scheduling: Booking appointments based on your schedule Personalized Care Plans: Tailored services to each pet’s unique needs In-Time Updates: Detailed reports of your pet’s activities during each visitBonus Services Although your pet is our main focus, we can help do a few light housekeeping tasks with no extra charge, such as watering a few plants, fetching your mails and taking garbage can to roadsides and back for trash day, and so on.Contacts us: Karla@karlasptecare.com; Telephone: 916-812-6380 Our Clients Love Us! “It seems that they’re very happy with the sitters. Everything in the house looks like it should; no ‘doggie’ disasters. I feel very comfortable leaving them with Karla and her team even though I do miss the little ‘monsters’.” Karen W. “Karla’s pet sitting service is fabulous. The best part is Karla sends a text every time she visits, telling us that my angel ate, pottied, and of course barked. This personal touch made a huge difference and made me feel so much better. I would highly recommend Karla’s Pet Sitting service!” Dacre J. 1．What is the main purpose of the advertisement? A．To promote pet services. B．To employ pet workers. C．To call for pet protection. D．To popularize pet-raising science. 2．What bonus service will Karla’s Pet Care offer? A．Dog walking. B．Petting sitting. C．Plants watering. D．Medical caring. 3．What satisfied Dacre J. most? A．Experienced Staff. B．In-Time Updates. C．Flexible Scheduling. D．Personalized Care Plans. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Karla’s Pet Care提供的宠物护理服务，包括服务内容、优势、客户评价等。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Karla’s Pet Care prides itself with dependable and professional care for owners and their beautiful pets in their home. (Karla’s Pet Care以在主人家中为他们和他们美丽的宠物提供可靠和专业的护理而自豪。)”以及下文对服务内容、优势等的介绍可知，这则广告的主要目的是推广宠物服务。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据Bonus Services部分中“Although your pet is our main focus, we can help do a few light housekeeping tasks with no extra charge, such as watering a few plants, fetching your mails and taking garbage can to roadsides and back for trash day, and so on. (虽然您的宠物是我们的主要关注点，但我们可以免费帮助做一些轻松的家务，比如给一些植物浇水、取邮件、在垃圾日把垃圾桶拿到路边再拿回来等等。)”可知，Karla’s Pet Care提供的额外服务包括给植物浇水。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据Our Clients Love Us!部分中Dacre J.的留言“Karla’s pet sitting service is fabulous. The best part is Karla sends a text every time she visits, telling us that my angel ate, pottied, and of course barked. This personal touch made a huge difference and made me feel so much better. (Karla的宠物看护服务真是太棒了！最让人满意的是，她每次上门都会发来短信，告诉我我家小宝贝吃饭、排便的情况，当然还有它汪汪叫的日常。这种人性化的关怀带来了巨大不同，让我倍感安心。)”可知，最让Dacre J.满意的是Karla’s Pet Care对宠物情况的及时更新。故选B项。 B I used to hate old books. When I say “old books”, I don’t mean classics, though. I mean books with yellow pages, broken spines and odd wood-like smells that you need to be careful not to break because they are already so worn down and bring you severe discomfort. One can assume that I didn’t own many old books. I had merely a few here and there that my parents had gifted me, but nothing too special. In the fourth grade,I was ready to explore a new world of reading, one that went beyond the likes of children’s chapter books and teenagers’ topics. Just then, I found my parents’ old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series. Visually, my parents’ books were my worst nightmare. I remember thinking to myself that there was no way I would be able to read these books. However, I eventually had to come to terms with the fact that if I wanted to read the series, I would have to read my parents’ copies. And so began the terrible journey of reading seven old books. When it was time for me to read the final copy, I was kind of a changed woman. I still strongly disliked old books, but the plot of the entire Harry Potter series had attracted me so much that I had almost entirely forgotten what the books looked like. By the end, I had devoted the entire Harry Potter bookshelf in my room. Now, I love old books. While the covers are sometimes so worn down that you can barely read the title of the book, you can understand what it’s about anyway. After all, an old book is a representation of generations of readers who have chosen to live in a specific fictional world because the story it contains is just that good. Old books have meaning and I love how much they mean to me now. 4．What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs? A．She had a bad relationship with her parents. B．She felt uneasy about possessing worn-out books. C．She developed a taste for reading classic literature. D．Her parents frequently handed her old books as gifts. 5．How did the author react upon seeing her parents’ Harry Potter set in fourth grade? A．Puzzled. B．Frightened. C．Surprised. D．Discouraged. 6．What does the author mean by saying “I was kind of a changed woman” in paragraph 3? A．She agreed to shelve worn-out books. B．She discovered her true reading preferences. C．She began to take pleasure in fictional stories. D．She started to ignore the books’ outward condition. 7．What is the best title of the text? A．My Journey with Old Books B．My Passion for Reading C．My Meeting with the Harry Potter Series D．My Connection with Parents via Old Books 【答案】4．B 5．D 6．D 7．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述作者个人对旧书态度的转变过程，展现了作者从厌恶旧书到爱上旧书的心理变化，以及这一变化背后的原因和感受。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“I mean books with yellow pages, broken spines and odd wood-like smells that you need to be careful not to break because they are already so worn down and bring you severe discomfort.(我指的是那些书页泛黄、书脊破损、散发着奇怪木质气味的书，你得小心翻阅，以免它们因为太过破旧而给你带来严重的不适感。)”以及第二段“Visually, my parents’ books were my worst nightmare. I remember thinking to myself that there was no way I would be able to read these books.(从外观上看，父母的这些书简直就是我的噩梦。我记得自己当时心想，我绝不可能读这些书。)”可知，作者对于阅读旧书这件事心里是很不舒服、很不情愿的。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In the fourth grade,I was ready to explore a new world of reading, one that went beyond the likes of children’s chapter books and teenagers’ topics. Just then, I found my parents’ old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series. Visually, my parents’ books were my worst nightmare. I remember thinking to myself that there was no way I would be able to read these books. However, I eventually had to come to terms with the fact that if I wanted to read the series, I would have to read my parents’ copies. And so began the terrible journey of reading seven old books.(在四年级的时候，我准备去探索一个全新的阅读世界，一个超越儿童章节读物和青少年主题读物的世界。就在那时，我发现了父母收藏的一整套旧版《哈利・波特》系列书籍。从外观上看，父母的这些书简直就是我的噩梦。我记得当时心里想，我根本没法读这些书。)”可知，作者看到父母的《哈利・波特》系列旧书时，是很消极、很气馁的，觉得自己没办法去读它们。故选D。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“I still strongly disliked old books, but the plot of the entire Harry Potter series had attracted me so much that I had almost entirely forgotten what the books looked like.(我依然很不喜欢旧书，但是整个《哈利・波特》系列的情节太吸引我了，以至于我几乎完全忘记了这些书的模样。)”可知，作者虽然内心还是不喜欢旧书的外在样子，但已经开始更关注书的内容，也就是作者此时已经开始忽略书籍的外在状况。故选D。 7．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇讲述自己曾经讨厌旧书，接着描述四年级时因想读《哈利・波特》系列不得不去读父母的旧版书这一经历，过程中自己对旧书的态度逐渐发生变化，最后表示现在已经爱上旧书了，整体是围绕自己与旧书之间态度变化的这一历程展开叙述的。选项A“My Journey With Old Books（我与旧书的历程）”能够很好地概括文章从讨厌旧书到因读《哈利・波特》系列旧书而慢慢改变态度，最后爱上旧书的整个过程，符合文章主旨。故选A。 C Intellectually humble people are able to recognize and admit to the limitations of their knowledge. They tend to be more open-minded, discerning, and respectful of others. This suggests that intellectual humility (谦卑) could be a virtue worth developing, especially in children. In fact, a new study discovered that they already do, from quite a young age. In this study, a diverse group of over 100 four-to-eleven-year-old children were asked how they felt about a humble versus an over-confident adult figure. The children were presented with an ambiguous (模棱两可的) object or word. Then, the children heard two adults answer questions regarding the object or word, including what it was, how sure they were about their identification, and if they were open to it possibly being something else. Each adult initially identified the object or word in the same way. But the humble person said they were “pretty sure” they were right but that the word or object could be something else, while the over-confident person said they were “definitely sure” they were right and it couldn’t be otherwise. After viewing these interviews, the children rated whom they liked more and would rather learn from. By analyzing their responses, the researchers found that children aged five and a half years and older preferred humble people to over-confident people. “This suggests that children as young as five and a half recognize the value of intellectual humility,” says researcher Shauna Bowes of Vanderbilt University. Bowes’s finding suggests that children could benefit from adults modeling intellectual humility at younger ages. For example, elementary school teachers could express uncertainty in situations where the answer isn’t clear, nudging kids toward staying open and digging deeper into ambiguous topics. Similarly, parents could model humility with their young children, encouraging them to tackle complex problems. Bowes hopes that when adults model intellectual humility, children learn that no one has all of the answers. “There is power in saying ‘I’m not entirely sure and my knowledge is fallible, and so is yours. But we can come together and talk’,” says Bowes. “I think the earlier kids learn to do this, the better.” 8．What is a difference between the two adult figures? A．The kids viewing their interviews. B．The object or word they identified. C．Their initial way to identify an object. D．Their attitude to their identification. 9．What might be concluded according to the new study? A．Over-confidence gives rise to misunderstandings. B．Young children prefer people acting with humility. C．Humble people are bound to learn more from others. D．Children are fairly insensitive to intellectual humility. 10．What does the word “nudging” underlined in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Controlling. B．Following. C．Motivating. D．Judging. 11．What message does Bowes deliver in the last paragraph? A．Discussion doesn’t always lead to certainty. B．Hiding one’s ignorance helps maintain authority. C．Knowledgeable people are eager to share resources. D．It’s necessary to admit to one’s knowledge limitations. 【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现，5岁半以上儿童更偏爱智识谦逊而非自负的成人，表明从小培养智识谦逊的重要性。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段“But the humble person said they were “pretty sure” they were right but that the word or object could be something else, while the over-confident person said they were “definitely sure” they were right and it couldn’t be otherwise. (但那位谦逊的人表示，他们“相当肯定”自己是对的，但这个词语或物品也有可能是别的东西；而那位过于自信的人则表示，他们“绝对肯定”自己是对的，不可能有其他情况。)”可知，两名成年人对同一模糊事物的初步判断相同，但谦卑者表示“相当确定（pretty sure）”且接受其他可能性，自负者声称“绝对肯定（definitely sure）”且拒绝其他可能，故差异在于对自己的判断的态度。故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“By analyzing their responses, the researchers found that children aged five and a half years and older preferred humble people to over-confident people. (通过对他们的回答进行分析，研究人员发现，五岁半及以上的儿童更倾向于喜欢谦逊的人，而非过于自信的人。)”可知，根据研究可知，小孩子更喜欢谦逊的人。故选B。 10．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“For example, elementary school teachers could express uncertainty in situations where the answer isn’t clear, nudging kids toward staying open and digging deeper into ambiguous topics. (例如，小学教师在面对答案不明确的情况时，可以表现出不确定的态度，nudging学生保持开放的心态，并深入探讨那些模糊不清的话题。)”和下句“Similarly, parents could model humility with their young children, encouraging them to tackle complex problems. (同样地，父母可以在年幼的孩子面前树立谦逊的榜样，鼓励他们去解决复杂的问题。)”可知，nudging与下句中的encouraging意思一致，表示“鼓励、激励”。故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Bowes hopes that when adults model intellectual humility, children learn that no one has all of the answers. “There is power in saying ‘I’m not entirely sure and my knowledge is fallible, and so is yours. But we can come together and talk’,” says Bowes. “I think the earlier kids learn to do this, the better.” (鲍斯希望，当成年人展现出求知谦逊时，孩子们就明白了没有人能掌握所有答案。“可以说‘我并不完全确定，我的知识也是有缺陷的，所以你们的知识也是如此。但我们可以一起交流探讨’，”鲍斯说道。“我认为孩子们越早学会这样做越好。”)”可知，鲍斯认为承认自身认知的局限性是非常必要的。故选D。 D For decades, social scientists have debated the link between income and happiness. A 2025 cross-country study published in the Journal of Positive Psychology — involving 120,000 participants from 45 countries across North America, Europe, and Asia — offers new insights into this complex relationship, challenging some long-held assumptions. The research team, led by Dr. Elena Marquez from the University of Zurich, first analyzed the connection between “absolute income” (total annual earnings) and self-reported happiness scores (measured on a 10-point scale). They found that for individuals with annual incomes below 75,000, there was a strong positive correlation: each 10,000 increase in income was associated with a 0.8-point rise in happiness. However, above 75,000, the correlation weakened dramatically — an additional 10,000 only led to a 0.1-point increase. Dr. Marquez labeled this $75,000 figure the “happiness threshold”: beyond this point, more money did not significantly boost happiness. What surprised researchers even more was the impact of “relative income” (income compared to peers in the same social group, such as colleagues or neighbors). For participants earning above the 75,000 threshold, relative income became a key factor. Those who earned 20% more than their peers reported happiness scores 1.2 points higher than those who earned 20% less — even if both groups had annual incomes above 100,000. “It’s not just how much you have,” Dr. Marquez explained, “but how much you have compared to people around you. This ‘social comparison effect’ often overriding the influence of absolute income once basic needs are met.” The study also highlighted regional differences. In high-cost-of-living regions like New York or Tokyo, the happiness threshold was slightly higher — around 95,000 — due to increased expenses for housing and daily necessities. In contrast, in areas with lower living costs, such as parts of rural India or Vietnam, the threshold dropped to 50,000. Notably, the social comparison effect was more pronounced in individualistic cultures (e.g., the U.S., Germany) than in collectivist cultures (e.g., Japan, Thailand), where community well-being is often prioritized over personal income status. Critics of the study point out its limitations: it relied on self-reported happiness scores, which may be influenced by temporary mood swings, and it did not account for non-financial factors like health, family relationships, or work-life balance — all of which affect happiness. Dr. Marquez acknowledged these gaps but emphasized the study’s value: “Our findings help clarify when money matters for happiness and when it doesn’t. For policymakers, this means focusing on reducing poverty (to lift people above the threshold) rather than just boosting overall economic growth. For individuals, it’s a reminder that chasing more money beyond a certain point may not lead to greater fulfillment.” 12．What can we learn about the “happiness threshold” from the study? A．It is a fixed figure of $75,000 applicable to all regions. B．Below this threshold, more money has little impact on happiness. C．Above this threshold, relative income matters more than absolute income. D．It is determined solely by an individual’s annual absolute income. 13．Why did participants earning 120,000 report lower happiness than those earning 100,000 in the same social group? A．Their absolute income was still below the happiness threshold. B．They earned 20% less than their peers in the same group. C．The 20,000 increase pushed them beyond the happiness threshold. D．They lived in high-cost regions where the threshold was 95,000. 14．Which of the following is a limitation of the 2025 study? A．It ignored the influence of relative income on happiness. B．It only included participants from individualistic cultures. C．It failed to consider non-financial factors affecting happiness. D．It used an inaccurate 10-point scale to measure happiness. 15．What does Dr. Marquez suggest policymakers do based on the study’s findings? A．Focus on increasing the overall economic growth rate. B．Set a unified happiness threshold for all regions. C．Prioritize reducing poverty to help people exceed the threshold. D．Encourage people to compare their income with peers less frequently. 【答案】12．C 13．B 14．C 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2025年一项关于收入与幸福感关系的跨国研究，揭示了绝对收入的“幸福阈值”、相对收入的影响、地区差异及研究局限性，并给出了对政策制定者和个人的启示。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, above 75,000, the correlation weakened dramatically — an additional 10,000 only led to a 0.1-point increase. (然而，超过75,000时，这种相关性显著减弱 —— 额外的10,000仅导致0.1分的增长)”以及第三段中“For participants earning above the 75,000 threshold, relative income became a key factor. (对于收入超过75,000阈值的参与者而言，相对收入成了一个关键因素)”可知，超过幸福阈值后，相对收入比绝对收入更重要。故选C项。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Those who earned 20% more than their peers reported happiness scores 1.2 points higher than those who earned 20% less — even if both groups had annual incomes above 100,000. (那些收入比同龄人高出20%的人，其幸福感得分比收入低20%的人高出1.2分 —— 即便这两组人的年收入都超过10万)”可知，在同一社会群体中，年收入12万美元者若比同龄人少赚20%，幸福感会低于年收入10万美元但比同龄人多赚20%的人。故选B项。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Critics of the study point out its limitations: it relied on self-reported happiness scores, which may be influenced by temporary mood swings, and it did not account for non-financial factors like health, family relationships, or work-life balance — all of which affect happiness. (该研究的批评者指出了其局限性：它依赖于自我报告的幸福感评分，而这可能会受到暂时情绪波动的影响，并且它没有考虑到健康、家庭关系或工作与生活的平衡等非经济因素——所有这些因素都会影响幸福感)”可知，该研究的局限性之一是“未考虑影响幸福感的非经济因素”。故选C项。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“For policymakers, this means focusing on reducing poverty (to lift people above the threshold) rather than just boosting overall economic growth. (对于政策制定者而言，这意味着要着重减少贫困（帮助人们跨越幸福阈值），而非仅仅推动整体经济增长。)”可知，Dr. Marquez建议政策制定者“优先减少贫困，帮助人们超过幸福阈值”。故选C项。 七选五 When I first arrived in China, I thought I’d prepared for cultural differences. I was ready for chopsticks and studying the language. Nothing, however, could have prepared me for the Great Warm Water Rule. It began on the first day of class. I took out my ice-cold water. My Chinese roommate, Liu, looked at it with genuine surprise. 16 He nicely pushed a thermos (保温杯) of hot water towards me. “This is better for you,“ he said kindly. I was confused. How could plain hot water be better than refreshing, cold water? The plot thickened everywhere I went. 17 In restaurants, waiters would automatically bring me a pot of boiling water without asking. My professors sipped from their thermoses during lectures. It was a nationwide rule that I had somehow missed. One morning, I had a slight sore throat. When Liu heard me cough, he sprang into action and got his kettle. 18 ”Drink this, “he instructed, handing me the thermos. “It will help.” Doubtful but touched, I drank the warm water all day. To my astonishment, my throat felt better by the evening. Was it magic? Or just hydration (水合作用)? I decided to investigate this cultural mystery. I asked Liu, “Why is warm water the solution to everything?“ He explained it was about balance. 19 However, warm water helps your body function smoothly. It was my ”Aha!” moment. 20 It wasn’t just a preference; it was a deeply held belief in keeping internal harmony. Now, I still enjoy an occasional cold drink, but you’ll mostly find me with my own thermos. I’ve not only accepted the Warm Water Rule; I’ve become one of its devoted followers. A．My curiosity finally got the better of me. B．It was as if I had broken an unspoken law. C．I found the concept both strange and abnormal. D．It wasn’t just about temperature; it was about philosophy. E．He immediately filled his electric kettle and started boiling water. F．The library, the gym, even the cinema-everyone carried thermoses. G．Cold drinks are believed to shock your system and slow your digestion. 【答案】16．B 17．F 18．E 19．G 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者初到中国时，逐渐了解并接受“温水法则”这一文化现象的经历。 16．上文“I took out my ice-cold water. My Chinese roommate, Liu, looked at it with genuine surprise.(我拿出自己带的冰镇水，中国室友小刘看到后，露出了真切的惊讶神情。)”提到作者拿出冰水时，室友露出惊讶的表情。选项B“It was as if I had broken an unspoken law.(仿佛我触犯了一条不成文的规定。)”延续上文内容，指出了室友惊讶的原因，逻辑一致。故选B。 17．上文“The plot thickened everywhere I went.(后来我发现，无论走到哪里，这种情况都随处可见。)”提到无论哪儿都有这种情况。选项F“The library, the gym, even the cinema-everyone carried thermoses.(图书馆、健身房，甚至电影院里，每个人都带着保温杯。)”举例说明这一现象的普遍性，图书馆、健身房、电影院里所有人都带保温杯。故选F。 18．上文“One morning, I had a slight sore throat. When Liu heard me cough, he sprang into action and got his kettle.(有天早上，我喉咙有点痛。小刘听到我咳嗽后，立刻行动起来，拿起了他的水壶。)”提到作者喉咙疼，室友立刻拿水壶。选项E“He immediately filled his electric kettle and started boiling water.(他马上往电水壶里加水，开始烧开水。)”延续上文内容，指出室友拿水壶后立刻加水烧开水。故选E。 19．上文“I decided to investigate this cultural mystery. I asked Liu, “Why is warm water the solution to everything? “He explained it was about balance.(我决定要解开这个文化谜团。我问小刘：“为什么温水好像能解决所有问题？”他解释说，核心在于“平衡”。)”提到小刘解释了这一切的核心是平衡。选项G“Cold drinks are believed to shock your system and slow your digestion.(人们认为冷饮会刺激身体系统，减缓消化速度。)”具体说明了平衡的内涵，即冷饮被认为会刺激身体、减缓消化，与下文“However, warm water helps your body function smoothly.(而温水则有助于身体顺畅运转。)”形成对比。故选G。 20．上文“It was my ”Aha!” moment.(那一刻，我恍然大悟。)”指出作者恍然大悟。选项D“It wasn’t just about temperature; it was about philosophy.(这不仅仅关乎温度，更蕴含着一种生活哲学。)”延续上文内容，指出作者领悟到这不仅关乎温度，更关乎一种生活哲学。故选D。 二、完形填空 Both Vijayan and his wife Mohana grew up on the streets of Kochi, India. They married 49 years ago, making a 21 by selling tea on the streets. Throughout their lives, they never gave up their dream to 22 the world. Each day, they 23 the seemingly small amount of $4.20 for their travel. Sometimes they borrowed from the bank for their trips. After their 24 , they returned to their shop and spent the next three years paying the money back — and 25 for the next trip. Mohana had always been 26 about the outside world, but never had the chance before marrying Vijayan. Their first journey together was to Egypt, which 27 lots of visitors every year. Once she’d gotten a 28 of life outside of India, she was addicted. “I was quite nervous 29 ,” she says, “Going abroad was like going into the unknown.” Traveling has opened up the couple’s minds so much. They’ve been to many natural and man-made 30 all over the world, 31 them in wonder. Vijayan remembered how 32 he was as they sat on the Eurostar train from London to Paris years ago. Vijayan and Mohana haven’t finished their adventures and their 33 is to see the whole world. “Life is beautiful. We enjoy it!” is Vijayan’s simple motto, which 34 us all that no matter what 35 face us, if there’s a will, there’s always a way. 21．A．mistake B．living C．decision D．difference 22．A．control B．change C．explore D．support 23．A．set aside B．added up C．gave out D．took in 24．A．survival B．adventures C．failure D．proposals 25．A．renting B．applying C．competing D．saving 26．A．annoyed B．positive C．curious D．concerned 27．A．attracts B．protects C．confuses D．requires 28．A．smell B．taste C．sense D．symbol 29．A．at present B．by chance C．at first D．by no means 30．A．sights B．greenhouses C．shops D．organizations 31．A．improving B．recommending C．admiring D．recognizing 32．A．amazed B．awkward C．confident D．frightened 33．A．design B．method C．work D．goal 34．A．offers B．orders C．awards D．reminds 35．A．debates B．challenges C．responsibilities D．directions 【答案】 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．B 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．C 32．A 33．D 34．D 35．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了印度夫妻Vijayan和Mohana存钱周游世界的故事。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们49年前结婚，靠在街上卖茶为生。A. mistake错误；B. living生计，谋生；C. decision决定；D. difference不同，差异。根据后文“by selling tea on the streets”可知指卖茶为生，短语make a living表示“谋生”。故选B。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他们的一生中，他们从未放弃过探索世界的梦想。A. control控制；B. change改变；C. explore探索；D. support支持。根据下文“their travel”以及“their trips”等词汇可知，他们去世界各地旅行，即探索世界。故选C。 23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：每天，他们都会拿出看似微不足道的4.2美元作为旅费。A. set aside省出，留出；B. added up把……加起来；C. gave out分发；D. took in吸收。根据下文“for their travel”可知，此处指他们为旅行每天省一点钱。故选A。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：冒险结束后，他们回到店里，用了三年的时间还钱，并为下一次旅行攒钱。A. survival幸存；B. adventures冒险；C. failure失败；D. proposals提议。上文“Sometimes they borrowed from the bank for their trips.(有时他们向银行借钱旅行)”提到他们想要探索世界并为之借钱，即从事冒险，后文“Vijayan and Mohana haven’t finished their adventures”也是提示。故选B。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：冒险结束后，他们回到店里，用了三年的时间还钱，并为下一次旅行攒钱。A. renting租赁；B. applying申请，运用；C. competing竞争；D. saving挽救，节省。根据上文“spent the next three years paying the money back”和后文“for the next trip”可知，归还了之前的钱后，他们开始为下一次旅行攒钱。故选D。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Mohana一直对外面的世界很好奇，但在嫁给维贾扬之前，她一直没有机会。A. annoyed生气的；B. positive积极的；C. curious好奇的；D. concerned担心的。根据上文提到他们想探索世界和后文“about the outside world, but never had the chance before marrying Vijayan”可知，Mohana一直对外面的世界很好奇。故选C。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们第一次一起去了埃及，那里每年都吸引着许多游客。A. attracts吸引；B. protects保护；C. confuses使困惑；D. requires需要。根据后文“lots of visitors every year”和常识可知，埃及每年吸引很多游客。故选A。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦她体验了印度以外的生活，她就上瘾了。A. smell气味；B. taste味道，体验；C. sense感官；D. symbol象征。根据下文“she was addicted”可知，此处指体验之后开始上瘾，故选B。 29．考查介词短语辨析。句意：“一开始我很紧张，”她说，“出国就像进入未知世界。”A. at present目前；B. by chance偶然；C. at first一开始；D. by no means绝不。根据上文“I was quite nervous”和下文“Going abroad was like going into the unknown.(出国就像进入未知世界)”可知，进入未知世界感到紧张，此处是描述一开始的心理状态，故选C。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们到过世界各地的许多自然和人造景点，惊叹不已。A. sights视野，景点；B. greenhouses温室；C. shops商店；D. organizations组织。根据上文“Traveling has opened up the couple’s minds so much.(旅行开阔了这对夫妇的眼界)”和旅行的主题可知，他们到过世界各地的许多自然和人造景点。故选A。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们到过世界各地的许多自然和人造景点，惊叹不已。A. improving改善；B. recommending推荐；C. admiring钦佩，赞赏；D. recognizing认出。根据空后的“in wonder”和语境可知，世界各地的景点应是令他们惊叹，倾慕不已。故选C。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Vijayan还记得，2010年，当他们坐在从伦敦到巴黎的欧洲之星列车上时，他是多么惊讶。A. amazed惊讶的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. confident自信的；D. frightened害怕的。根据后文“as they sat on Eurostar train from London to Paris in 2010”以及常识可知，两人坐在从伦敦到巴黎的欧洲之星列车上，应当是对所见所闻感到惊讶。故选A。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Vijayan和Mohana的冒险还没有结束，他们的目标是看看整个世界。A. design设计；B. method方法；C. work工作；D. goal目标。根据后文“to see the whole world”可知，看整个世界是他们的目标。故选D。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“生活是美好的。我们很享受！”这是Vijayan简单的座右铭，它告诉我们所有人，无论我们面临什么样的挑战，有志者事竟成。A. offers提议；B. orders订购；C. awards奖励；D. reminds提醒。后文“if there’s a will, there’s always a way”是这句座右铭提醒大家：无论面临什么样的挑战，有志者事竟成。故选D。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“生活是美好的。我们很享受！”这是Vijayan简单的座右铭，它提醒我们所有人，无论我们面临什么样的挑战，有志者事竟成。A. debates辩论；B. challenges挑战；C. responsibilities责任；D. directions方向。根据后文“if there’s a will, there’s always a way”励志名言可知，此处指“面对挑战，有志者事竟成”。故选B。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kites are wonderful creations that have fascinated people for ages. As one of humanity’s earliest inventions to challenge the wind, the kite 36 (hold) a unique place in global cultural history, with its roots in ancient China. Kite construction consists of three main stages: framing, gluing, and decoration. Bamboo, 37 (choose) for its lightness, strength, and flexibility, forms the frame. Over centuries, these frames 38 (shape) into forms ranging from birds and diamonds to elaborate dragons. Silk and paper are the preferred materials for the sail. While silk is expensive and delicate, paper is affordable and durable, making 39 a practical choice for many kite makers. Once the sail is glued 40 the frame, the kite is decorated. Tassels (流苏) is often attached to provide movement in the wind. These wonderful attachments can make the kite dance 41 (gentle) in the air. Modern artisans employ a wide range of materials, from nylon and LEDs to specialized noise-makers, leading to an incredible 42 (diverse) of contemporary designs. 43 traditional forms remain popular, many makers now explore new creative paths. From its Chinese origins, the kite has traveled the world along ancient trade routes. This journey has transformed it into 44 universal symbol of joy and creativity, 45 (inspire) international festivals that continue to celebrate and reinvent this profound invention. 【答案】 36．holds 37．chosen 38．have been shaped 39．it 40．to 41．gently 42．diversity 43．While/Though/Although 44．a 45．inspiring 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了风筝的起源、构造流程、材料选择及古今发展与文化意义。 36．考查谓语动词。句意：作为人类最早挑战风的发明之一，风筝在全球文化史上占有独特的地位，它起源于古代中国。空处为本句谓语动词；根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语“the kite”为单数，和动词“hold”之间为主动关系。故填holds。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：选择竹子，因为它的轻盈，强度和灵活性，形成框架。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语；被修饰词“bamboo”和动词“choose”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填chosen。 38．考查谓语动词。句意：几个世纪以来，这些框架被塑造成各种各样的形状，从鸟、钻石到精心制作的龙。空处为本句谓语动词；根据“over centuries”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语“these frames”，复数，和动词“shape”之间为被动关系。故填have been shaped。 39．考查代词。句意：虽然丝绸昂贵而精致，但纸价格实惠且耐用，使其成为许多风筝制作者的实用选择。空处为代词形式代指上文的“paper”，用“it”。故填it。 40．考查介词。句意：一旦把帆粘在框架上，风筝就装饰好了。空处为介词形式，构成短语：be glued to，意为“粘上……”，符合句意。故填to。 41．考查副词。句意：这些奇妙的附着物可以让风筝在空中轻轻起舞。修饰动词“dance”用副词形式，意为“轻轻地”。故填gently。 42．考查名词。句意：现代工匠使用各种各样的材料，从尼龙和LED到专门的噪音制造者，导致当代设计的多样性令人难以置信。空处为名词形式担当宾语；根据空前的“an”可知，空处为名词的单数形式。故填diversity。 43．考查状语从句。句意：虽然传统的形式仍然很受欢迎，但许多制作者现在正在探索新的创作途径。空处为让步状语从句的引导词，意为“虽然……”，可用“while/though/although”引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填While/Though/Although。 44．考查冠词。句意：这段旅程将它变成了欢乐和创造力的普遍象征，激发了国际节日，继续庆祝和重新发明这一深刻的发明。修饰名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词修饰。故填a。 45．考查非谓语动词。句意：这段旅程将它变成了欢乐和创造力的普遍象征，激发了国际节日，继续庆祝和重新发明这一深刻的发明。空处为非谓语动词担当状语，表示主句一句话所产生的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填inspiring。 四、书信写作 46．假定你是李华，你校计划举办校园文化节活动，外教Ms. Johnson提出了两个方案：“Chinese Traditional Craft(手工艺) Workshop”和“Chinese Food Cooking Class”。请你给她写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 你的选择； 2. 说明理由。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Ms. Johnson, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Ms. Johnson, I’m writing to share my choice for the campus cultural festival—I strongly recommend the Chinese Traditional Craft Workshop. Traditional crafts like paper-cutting and kite-making are vivid carriers of Chinese culture. They not only showcase unique artistic styles but also allow students to experience hands-on creation. Compared with cooking classes, crafts are easier to organize with simple materials, and students can keep their works as meaningful souvenirs. I believe this workshop will help everyone better understand Chinese culture. Looking forward to your reply! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的建议信。要求考生给外教Ms. Johnson写封信，就其提出的方案给出自己的选择并说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 选择：choice→option 展示：showcase→ display 使得：allow…to…→ enable…to… 体验：experience→ go through 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Traditional crafts like paper-cutting and kite-making are vivid carriers of Chinese culture. They not only showcase unique artistic styles but also allow students to experience hands-on creation. 拓展句：Traditional crafts like paper-cutting and kite-making are vivid carriers of Chinese culture, which not only showcase unique artistic styles but also allow students to experience hands-on creation. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Compared with cooking classes, crafts are easier to organize with simple materials, and students can keep their works as meaningful souvenirs.（运用了非谓语动词担当状语和and连接的并列句） 【高分句型2】I believe this workshop will help everyone better understand Chinese culture.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） 五、书面表达 47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The last bell of the day rang at 4:30 p.m., but nobody in Class 3, Grade 10 ran home. Instead, we hurried to the playground, because today was the class basketball final. Our competition, Class 5, had beaten us twice last year. We wanted to win back our pride. Our team had only seven players. The smallest was Leo, only 165 cm tall, but he could run like the wind. The tallest was Ken, 185 cm, who just learned basketball last winter. I, Jack, was the captain. My job was to pass the ball and keep everyone calm. The sun was still high. As we changed our shoes, our P. E. teacher, Mr. Liu, came over. “Remember,” he said, “basketball is five people moving like one. Trust your teammates, and trust yourself.” We put our hands together and shouted, “One, two, three, fight!” The game started. Within two minutes Class 5 scored four points. Their center, a strong boy nicknamed “Bear”, pushed Ken aside easily. On the bench our classmates began to sigh. I felt sweat in my hands. Then something small changed the day. Leo stole the ball near our basket and passed it to me. I was about to shoot when I saw Ken running alone under the hoop (篮筐). I passed the ball to him. Ken jumped, scored, and the whole class exploded with cheers. 4 — 2. The score was still close, but now we believed we could play. The second half was harder. Bear kept scoring, and with five minutes left we were behind 18 — 22. My legs were heavy, and Leo’s face was red like a tomato. During a time-out Mr. Liu simply said, “Keep moving. When you are tired, your friend is waiting.” He drew a quick arrow on his board: Leo would cut along the baseline, Ken would set a screen, and I would slip (溜走) to the weak side for the return pass. “Trust the pattern,” he added, tapping the board twice. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 We stepped back onto the court with Mr. Liu’s simple words still in our ears. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ We won, hugging, jumping, and forgetting our tired legs. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 We stepped back onto the court with Mr. Liu’s simple words still in our ears. Leo quickly moved along the baseline like a small bird, while Ken set a strong screen to block Bear. I slipped to the weak side as planned and waited. Leo passed the ball to me smoothly. I jumped and shot it into the hoop. The crowd cheered loudly. Now the score was 22 to 22. Everyone believed we could win. Ken and Leo worked hard to steal the ball again. We passed it fast and moved as one. Finally, with only ten seconds left, I passed to Ken near the basket. He scored again! Our class shouted with joy. We won, hugging, jumping, and forgetting our tired legs. Leo smiled brightly and Ken looked proud. Our classmates ran to us, patting our backs and shouting congratulations. Mr. Liu came over and said we played like real friends. I felt happy because we trusted each other and never gave up. This game taught me that teamwork can beat any strong player. We lost twice last year, but today we won back our pride. Walking home, I thought about Leo’s fast moves and Ken’s big steps. Truly, five people moving like one can make a difference. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了高一（3）班的杰克作为队长，带领仅7人的球队参加班级篮球决赛，对手是去年两度击败他们的5班。比赛初期球队落后，5班的“大熊”让他们倍感压力。关键时刻，队员们凭借利奥的快速跑位、肯的得分，以及刘老师“五人合一、信任彼此”的指导，在最后时刻默契配合逆转比分。最终球队获胜，不仅赢回尊严，更让杰克领悟到团队协作能战胜强敌的道理。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我们重新回到球场上，刘老师那简单的话语还回荡在我们的耳畔”可知，第一段可描写队友齐心协力完成比赛的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“我们赢了，大家紧紧相拥，欢呼雀跃，甚至忘记了疲惫的双腿”可知，第二段可描写最终球队获胜，不仅赢回尊严，更让杰克领悟到团队协作能战胜强敌的道理。 2.续写线索：回到球场——调整状态——齐心协力——赢得比赛——作者感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①叫喊：shout/scream/yell ②放弃：give up/quit ③相信：believe/have confidence in 情绪类 ①高兴：joy/delight ②疲惫：tired/worn 【点睛】[高分句型1] Everyone believed we could win.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） [高分句型2] Walking home, I thought about Leo’s fast moves and Ken’s big steps.（运用了现在分词作状语） / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $