易错02 名词4大易错点+3大避坑点+闯关训练（易错专练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

易错02 名词4大易错点+3大避坑点+闯关训练 目 录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01 名词的单复数规则变化 1 易错02 名词的单复数不规则变化 3 易错03 名词的格 5 易错04 名词与其他词性之间的转化 7 第二部分 易错点闯关 9 闯关01 词性转换 10 闯关02 单句填空 12 闯关03 语篇填空 16 易错01 名词的单复数规则变化 易错典题 【例1】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2025·新高考II卷·语法填空）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky 64 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. 【答案】afternoons 【解析】考查名词的数。在我居住的地方，晒干的衣服特别香，这要归功于没有雾霾和充足的天空蔚蓝的下午，还有许多新鲜空气。afternoon表示很多词天的午后都这样。 【错因分析】部分考生误认为afternoon没有复数形式，造成填写错误。 上下文分析不充分：句子描述的是一种经常发生的现象，而非特指某一个下午。学生可能没有从整体语境中推断出“afternoon”应表示复数含义，导致误用单数形式。 短语结构误解：误将“blue sky”视为不可数名词短语，而忽略了“afternoon”本身是可数名词，且受“plenty of”修饰（后接复数可数名词）。 避错攻略 【方法总结】 遇到名词填空是，牢三步：是否为可数名词，是否表示特指，前后语法是否一致。 【干货必记】可数名词变复数的规则变化 场合 用法 示例 一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths, house→houses 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾 在词尾加-es glass→glasses, box→boxes, church→churches, brush→brushes 以辅音字母+-y结尾 变y为i再加-es country→countries, factory→factories 以元音字母+-y结尾 在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays, monkey→monkeys 以辅音字母+-o结尾 直接加-es hero→heroes, potato→potatoes 以元音字母+-o结尾 直接加-s zoo→zoos, zero→zeros 以元音字母+-o结尾 特殊直接加-s photo→photos, kilo→kilos, piano→pianos 以-f,-fe结尾 变f或fe为 -ves wife→wilves, wolf→wolves 以-f,-fe结尾 直接加-s gulf→gulfs, roof→roofs, belief→beliefs, safe→safes 单复数同形 单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species 合成名词的复数 主体名词变复数 passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on 合成名词的复数 无名词最后加-s grown-up→grown-ups, go-between→go-betweens 举一反三 1.（2025·山东日照·一模）Chen has documented her life in Liuzhou through short __________ (video), capturing both her personal growth and the city’s development. 【答案】videos 【解析】考查名词数的变化。句意：陈通过短视频记录了她在柳州的生活，捕捉了她个人成长和城市发展的情况。video作介词through的宾语，可是名词，根据句意用复数，故填videos。 2.（26-27高三上·全国·课后作业）__________ (thief) broke into the offices and stole $150,000’s worth of computer equipment. 【答案】Thieves 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：窃贼闯入办公室，偷走了价值15万美元的电脑设备。本题中所给词“thief(小偷)”在句中作主语，为可数名词，设空处前没有任何冠词和限定词，说明此处是泛指一群小偷，“thief”应为复数形式；“thief”的复数形式为不规则变化，以f/fe结尾，将f/fe变为ves，即“thieves”；句首单词首字母需大写。故填Thieves。 3.（25-26高三上·广东东莞·阶段练习）These __________ (strategy) will help you catch up with your classmates in a shorter time. 【答案】strategies 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：这些策略将帮助你在更短时间内赶上同学。分析句子结构可知，strategy，表“策略”，作主语，为可数名词，且These后需接可数名词复数形式。故填strategies。 易错02 名词的单复数不规则变化 易错典题 【例2】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）What (criterion) do you use when judging the quality of a student’s work? 【答案】criteria 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：在评判学生作业质量时，您会依据哪些标准呢？结合语境可知，此处数量大于一用复数形式。故填criteria。 【错因分析】部分考生因为词汇匮乏导致不认识该词就想当然地直接加-s变复数，造成错误。 知识网络构建误解：部分考生平时没有积累名词变为复数形式特殊形式造成知识漏洞。 避错攻略 【方法总结】 遇到名词填空是，牢三步：是否为可数名词，是否表示特指，前后语法是否一致。 【干货必记】可数名词变复数的不规则变化 变化 示例 单复数同形 deer鹿, fish鱼, sheep绵阳, means方法, series系列, aircraft飞机, species物种,works工厂，作品 Chinese中国人, Japanese日本人, Swiss瑞士人 变局部元音 goose-geese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, man-men, woman-women；mouse-mice 词尾-on变-a phenomenon-phenomena现象，criterion-criteria标准 词尾加-(r)en child-children孩子, ox-oxen公牛 词尾-un变成-a datum-data数据, medium-media媒体 -sis变为-ses crisis-crises危机, diagnosis-diagnoses诊断, analysis-analyses分析 举一反三 1.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）In recent decades, the world has faced various global (crisis), such as financial problems and public health emergencies. 【答案】crises 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：近几十年来，世界面临着各种全球性危机，如金融问题和突发公共卫生事件。crisis“危机”是可数名词，被various修饰，应用其复数形式crises，作face的宾语。故填crises。 2.（2025·河北衡水·二模）Natural (phenomenon) such as earthquakes and volcanoes have fascinated scientists for centuries. 【答案】phenomena 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：像地震和火山这样的自然现象已经吸引了科学家们几个世纪。名词phenomenon作主语，意为“现象”，后文“such as earthquakes and volcanoes”表明此处说的是不止一种自然现象，用复数形式phenomena。故填phenomena。 3.（24-25高二下·全国·课后作业） (arch) of McDonald’s are painted gold only to make them beautiful. 【答案】Arches 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：麦当劳的拱门被漆成金色，只是为了让它们看起来美观。根据句中指代复数的代词them（指代主语“拱门”）以及be动词“are”可知，主语应为复数形式，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Arches。 4.（24-25高二下·江苏无锡·期末）In the afternoon, the old man will sit in a cafe, read some papers and watch __________(passer-by) outside. 【答案】passers-by 【解析】考查名词。句意：在下午，老人会坐在一家咖啡馆里，看一些报纸，看着外面的过路人。分析句子可知，用名词作宾语，passer-by“过路人”，表示泛指且没有冠词限定，用复数形式，故填passers-by。 易错03 名词的格 易错典题 【例3】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2021·浙江卷1月·语法填空）It is calculated by dividing a __________ (person) weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. 【答案】person’s 【解析】考查所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重（以公斤为单位）除以身高（以米为单位）的平方。表示“一个人的”用名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。 【错因分析】部分考生因为没有弄清题目要求误填形容词personal，表示“个人的，私人的”。 避错攻略 【干货必记】 一、-’s所有格的用法 1.主要表示有生命的人或物的所有关系，一般是名词词尾加-'s。John's home约翰的家; 2.表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。 at the barber’s在理发店 3.以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-’。students’ textbooks 学生们的课本; 4.词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-’s。children’s game 孩子们的游戏。 5.用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s 或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s或’。 Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。 Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。 二、of所有格的用法 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。 the content of the novel小说的内容                  the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字 the window of the room 房间的窗户                 the cost of living生活成本 the news of success捷报   the window of the room 房间的窗户 三、双重所有格的用法 指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,some,a few,two,this,that,these,those 等修饰,但不能用the。 a picture of my mother's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片; this little cat of your sister's你妹妹的这只小猫 a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧) a friend of mine(我的一个朋友)易错提醒 ’s所有格my mother’s friend强调我母亲和这个朋友的关系，不涉及其他人。双重所有格a friend of my mother’s指我母亲还有其他朋友。如：a picture of Jack’s指杰克所拥有的照片中的一张；而a picture of Jack指一张杰克的照片，照片上的人就是杰克。 举一反三 1．After two __________ (day) hard work, they succeeded in completing the project. 【答案】days’ 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：经过两天的艰苦工作，他们成功地完成了这个项目。空处修饰名词work，应填名词所有格，由two可知使用名词复数所有格days’，故填days’。 2．The __________ (president) attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. 【答案】president’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：总统亲自出席会议给了他们很大的鼓励。此处是动名词的复合结构one’s doing，one’s是动名词的逻辑主语，故填president’s。 3．You’ll hear these __________ (participate) stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. 【答案】participants’ 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：你将听到这些参与者的故事，了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的你应该避免的陷阱。由空后stories为名词可知，此处为名词所有格修饰该名词，结合空前these可知，应为复数名词participants的所有格形式participants'。故填participants’。 4．There are many students living at school, the__________ (child) houses are all far from school． 【答案】children’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：有很多学生住在学校，孩子们的房子都离学校很远。由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，child的复数形式为children，其所有格children’s。故填children’s。 易错04 名词与其他词性之间的转化 易错典题 【例4】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2025全国一卷·语法填空）“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your 59 (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 【答案】guidance 【解析】考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。 【干货必记】名词后缀 1. 动词转化为名词的后缀 后缀 示例 -ion -tion -sion correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认；准许加入 permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望 -er -or sail→sailor海员，水手 drive→driver司机；驾驶员 gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 -ment punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗 equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府 -ance -ence appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导 perform→performance表演；表现 exist→existence存在；生存 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅 -ure -ture fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物) -ing hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始 -y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现 2. 形容词转化为名词的后缀 后缀 示例 -age short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比 -cy efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私 -dom free→freedom自由             wise→wisdom明智；智慧 -ence different→difference差异        evident →evidence 证据 -ness weak→weakness虚弱；弱点     thick→thickness厚度 kind→kindness仁慈，友好        careless→carelessness粗心大意 -th strong→strength力气；优势       warm→warmth温暖；热情 -y -ty safe→safety安全                 disable→disability缺陷；伤残 responsible→responsibility责任  honest→honesty诚实 3. 名词转化为形容词的后缀 后缀 示例 -y fog→foggy有雾的 guilt →guilty 内疚的 -ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的 -ful meaning→meaningful有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的 -less fear→ fearless 怕的        home→homeless无家可归的 -ble change →changeable易变的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的 -ous courage→courageous勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的 -al addition→additional附加的 globe→global 全球的 -ly love→lovely 可爱的 month →monthly每月的 -en wood→wooden木制的 gold →golden金子般的 -ic energy→energetic精力充沛的 strategy→strategic战略的 -cial benefit →beneficial 有益处的 face→ facial面部的 举一反三 1.（25-26高三上·河北衡水·期中）By contrast, the largest animal species so far found on our planet is the blue whale, which can grow up to almost 30 meters in (long). 【答案】length 【解析】考查名词。句意：相比之下，到目前为止，在我们星球上发现的最大动物物种是蓝鲸，它可以长到近30米长。提示词作介词in的宾语，用名词length；in length意为‌“在长度上”。故填length。 2.（25-26高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习）Within the ant colony, the complex (divide) of labor, which comes from a natural drive, guides all tasks from searching for food to caring for the young. 【答案】division 【解析】考查名词。句意：在蚁群内部，这种源自自然本能的复杂分工模式，指导着从寻找食物到照料幼虫等所有活动的进行。作句子的主语，用名词division，不可数。故填division。 3.（26-27高三上·全国·课后作业）The researchers reported that long-term (expose) to air pollution can affect a person’s mental abilities. 【答案】exposure 【解析】考查名词。句意：研究人员报告称，长期暴露在空气污染中会影响人的认知能力。此处位于形容词“long-term”之后，且作从句的主语，需用名词形式；所给词“expose”为动词，意为“暴露”，其名词形式为exposure，为不可数名词。故填exposure。 4.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Now he must make it a (prior) to fix the deeply broken system. 【答案】priority 【解析】考查名词。句意：现在他必须把修复这个严重破损的系统作为首要任务。不定冠词a后应接可数名词单数形式，prior是形容词，其名词形式为priority，作宾补，意为“优先事项；首要任务”，符合语境。故填priority。 闯关一、给出下列单词的名词形式。 1. solve vt. 解决→____________ n. 解决办法 2. improve vt. 改进→____________ n. 改进 3. compete vi. 竞争→____________ n. 竞争 4. describe vt. 描述→____________ n. 描述 5. popular adj. 受欢迎的→____________ n.普及；流行 6. explain vt. 解释→____________ n. 解释 7. inform vt. 通知→____________ n. 信息 8. recognize vt. 承认 →____________ n. 承认 9. receive vt. 接收→____________ n. 接待 10. reduce vt. 减少→____________ n. 减少 11. represent vt. 代表→____________ n. 代表 12. curious adj. 好奇的→____________ n. 好奇心 13. diverse adj. 多样的→____________ n. 多样性 14. equal adj. 平等的→____________ n. 平等 15. argue vi. 争论 →____________ n. 争论 16. apply vt. 申请→____________ n. 申请 17. approve vt. 批准 →____________ n. 批准 18. assist vt. 协助 →____________ n. 协助 19. assume vt. 假定→____________ n. 假定 20. avoid vt. 避免 →____________ n. 避免 21. believe vt. 相信 →____________ n. 信念 22. combine vt. 结合→____________ n. 结合 23. compare vt. 比较→____________ n. 比较 24. conclude vt. 得出结论→____________ n. 结论 25. confuse vt. 使困惑 →____________ n. 困惑 26. criticize vt. 批评→____________ n. 批评 27. depend vi. 依赖→____________ n. 依赖 28. disturb vt. 打扰 →____________ n. 打扰 29. divide vt. 划分 →____________ n. 划分 30. enter vt. 进入→____________ n. 进入；条目 31. exist vi. 存在→____________ n. 存在 32. generous adj. 慷慨的 →____________ n. 慷慨 33. honest adj. 诚实的 →____________ n. 诚实 34. mature adj. 成熟的→____________ n. 成熟 35. poor adj. 贫穷的→____________ n. 贫穷 36. reliable adj. 可靠的→____________ n. 可靠性 37. shy adj. 害羞的 →____________ n. 害羞 38. sincere adj. 真诚的 →____________ n. 真诚 39. strong adj. 强壮的 →____________ n. 力量 40. wise adj. 明智的→____________ n. 智慧 【参考答案】 1. solution 2. improvement 3. competition 4. description 5. popularity 6. explanation 7. information 8. recognition 9. reception 10. reduction 11. representation 12. curiosity 13. diversity 14. equality 15. argument 16. application 17. approval 18. assistance 19. assumption 20. avoidance 21. belief 22. combination 23. comparison 24. conclusion 25. confusion 26. criticism 27. dependence 28. disturbance 29. division 30. entry 31. existence 32. generosity 33. honesty 34. maturity 35. poverty 36. reliability 37. shyness 38. sincerity 39. strength 40. wisdom 闯关二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（2025年浙江首考·语法填空）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing. 【答案】solution 【解析】考查名词。句意Tanya的店铺提供女性租用而非直接购买的时尚服装，为一次性活动的着装提供了一个更便宜的解决。根据冠词a及形容词less expensive可知此处应用名词。动词solve去e+-tion，故填solution. 2.(2021年新高考II卷·语法填空）A company __________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 【答案】representative 【解析】考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。 3.（26-27高三上·全国·课后作业）When you save money on these (purchase), each discount only happens once. 【答案】purchases 【解析】考查名词。句意：当你节省这些购买商品的钱时，每个折扣只发生一次。空处需要填入一个名词，作为介词on的宾语。所给词purchase是名词，意为“购买，购买的东西”。此处表示复数意义。故填purchases。 4.（2025·河北衡水·三模）These health (advocate) encourage people to exercise regularly and eat a balanced diet. 【答案】advocates 【解析】考查名词。句意：这些健康倡导者鼓励人们定期锻炼并保持均衡饮食。advocate作名词时意为“倡导者、支持者”，根据 encourage可知，主语为复数形式 advocates。故填advocates。 5.（24-25高三下·全国·课后作业）And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 (submit). 【答案】submissions 【解析】考查名词。句意：截至目前，我们已经收到了大约120份提交材料。空格前有基数词“120”修饰，需填可数名词的复数形式作宾语，submit是动词，意为“提交；呈递”，其对应的可数名词形式是submission，复数形式为submissions，在此处可表示“提交的文件、材料等”，符合语法要求和语义。故填submissions。 6.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）He is beyond (recognize) now, because I only saw him in the boyhood. 【答案】recognition 【解析】考查名词。句意：他现在变得让人认不出来了，因为我只在他小时候见过他。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词作介词后宾语，recognition，表“识别”，为不可数名词；beyond recognition，是固定短语，意为“面目全非、认不出来”，符合语境。故填recognition。 7.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）He finally gained (enter) to the hotel by giving some money to the doorman. 【答案】entry 【解析】考查名词。句意：他给了门卫一些钱，最终得以进入酒店。空处前有及物动词gained，需填名词作宾语。所给词enter为动词，意为 “进入”，其名词形式entry符合题意，且gain entry to为固定搭配，意为 “获准进入……”。故填entry。 8.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）In reality, the research shows that computer games may cause __________ (aggressive). 【答案】aggression 【解析】考查名词。句意：事实上，研究表明电脑游戏可能会引发攻击性（行为）。名词aggression，表示 “攻击性、侵犯行为”，为不可数名词，作宾语。故填aggression。 9.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）When he joined the club, he felt a sense of (belong). 【答案】belonging 【解析】考查名词。句意：当他加入俱乐部时，他有一种归属感。本空作介词of的宾语，用名词形式belonging“附属品，附件，属性”，a sense of belonging“归属感”。故填belonging。 10.（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）The (destroy) of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. 【答案】destruction 【解析】考查名词。句意：这种物种的破坏可能会阻止研究人员找到某些疾病的治疗方法。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词作主语，destruction，表“破坏”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填destruction。 11.（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）Moreover, lacquer (漆) has strong (resist) to acid and alkali (碱) materials. Hence, it won’t become rotten over the years. 【答案】resistance 【解析】考查名词。句意：此外，漆对酸、碱物质具有很强的抵抗力。因此，它多年来也不会腐烂。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词作宾语，resistance，表“抵抗力”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填resistance。 12.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）“I really want to make this work for (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【答案】people’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：她说：“我真的想让这件事在人们今天的生活中发挥作用，我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特殊的周末后的周一退还一件衣服。”分析句子可知，此处需要用所给词“people”的所有格形式来修饰名词 “lives”，表示“人们的生活”。“people’s”是复数名词“people”的所有格。故填people’s。 13.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset (tolerate) are much more likely to get angry. 【答案】tolerance 【解析】考查名词。句意：那些具有与竞争力和低挫折容忍度相关人格特质的人更容易生气。设空处需要使用tolerate的名词tolerance作宾语，其为不可数名词。故填 tolerance。 14.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）Although my father doesn’t say a lot in daily life, he gives me much love and__________ (affect). 【答案】affection 【解析】考查名词。句意：虽然我的父亲在日常生活中话不多，但他给了我很多爱和感情。本空与love并列，作gives的宾语，应用名词affection“爱，感情”。故填affection。 15.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）He stood on the pavement, memorizing the (register) number. 【答案】registration 【解析】考查名词。句意：他站在人行道上，背着车牌号。“车牌号”用registration number表达，名词registration“注册”作定语，修饰名词number。故填registration。 16.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）The specialist has decided on walking 2,000 steps a day in (respond) to the challenge of her friend. 【答案】response 【解析】考查名词。句意：为了回应朋友的挑战，这位专家决定每天走2000步。此处位于介词“in”之后，需用名词形式作宾语；所给词“respond”为动词，意为“回应”，其名词形式为“response”，in response to是固定搭配，意为“回应、响应”，符合语境。故填response。 17.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）There is no sense of (urge) to do my schoolwork immediately. 【答案】urgency 【解析】考查名词。句意：没有立即做功课的紧迫感。本空在介词of后作宾语，用名词形式urgency“紧迫性，紧迫感”。故填urgency。 18.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）It’s clear that we made a careful (analyse) of the sales figures of the shop. 【答案】analysis 【解析】考查名词。句意：很明显，我们已经对这家店铺的销售数据进行了仔细的分析。空处作宾语，需填名词analysis，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填analysis。 19.（26-27高三上·全国·课后作业）The polluted river is the living (prove) of the environmental pollution caused by the chemical factory. 【答案】proof 【解析】考查名词。句意：这条被污染的河流是化工厂造成环境污染的活生生的证据。空处作宾语，且被形容词living修饰，因此提示词的名词形式proof“证据”符合题意。故填proof。 20.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）I hold the firm (believe) that higher education can make your life better. 【答案】belief 【解析】考查名词。句意：我坚信高等教育能让你的生活变得更好。根据动词hold可知，此空应是名词作宾语。所给词believe是动词，意为“相信”。 其名词为belief，意为“信念”。hold the firm belief是固定搭配，意为“坚信，有坚定的信念”，此处that引导的是同位语从句。故填belief。 闯关三、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 【原创】On Novembet 14, the Shenzhou-20 taikonaut crew--Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui and Wang Jie--successfully landed at the Dongfeng Landing Site aboard the Shenzhou-21 spaceship, marking a safe end to their 204-day orbital mission. Their return, 1 (origin) scheduled for Novembe 5, was delayed by nine 2 (day) due to a minor crack in Shenzhou-20’s porthole (舷窗) caused by space debris (片) impact. This unprecedented (史无前例的) 3 (emergent) triggered China's well-designed "one main and one backup" space rescue plan. Instead of risking a return on the damaged spacectaft, the crew transferred to Shenzhou-21. This marks the first time in China's manned space histoty that another 4 (operation) spaceship has carried a different taikonaut crew back to Earth. While waiting for the rescheduled return, the trio continued 5 (science) experiments with the Shenzhou-21 crew, adding 6 (value) data to their research. During their record-breaking orbital stay, the Shenzhou-20 team completed four extravehicular (舱外的) 7 (activity), seven cargo transfer tasks, and a series of cutting-edge 8 (experiment) in space life sciences and materials science. The smooth emergency return fully demonstrated the 9 (reliable) of China's manned space engineering system. As the taikonauts were confirmed in good health after landing, this mission proved that China's space program has successfully passed the test, which delivers an excellent answer to the nation's 10 (expect). 【答案】1. originally 2. days 3. emergency 4. operational 5. scientifc 6. valuable 7. activities 8. experiments 9. reliability 10. expectations （2025·云南·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Increase your productivity. This is 1 AI tools attract its users. However, despite hopes that the technology will improve the 2 (efficient) of work, not everyone is on board. According to BBC, 59 percent of men aged 18 to 65 around the world use generative AI at least once a week, compared 3 51 percent of women. The gender gap is even 4 (wide) among younger people; 71 percent of men and 59 percent of women aged 18 to 24 use generative AI weekly. Why are women less open to AI than men? According to AI expert Jodie Cook, this gap reflects the underrepresentation of women in STEM fields (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). “For ages, STEM fields 5 (lead) by males. The current pattern in the use of AI tools appears 6 (mirror) this difference,” Cook told the BBC． Certain patterns in female thinking might also play 7 role. In a survey of 486 students, 8 (divide) by academic performance, researchers found that high-performing female students were more likely to use ChatGPT only when it had been allowed by their professor. “It’s the idea that I have to do it on my own without 9 (take) shortcuts,” Cook explained. For some experts, women’s reluctance (不情愿) to use AI is troubling, as it could lead to technology being designed more for men. Others, however, are less alarmed, pointing out that AI may right now act more as a “digital toy”, and women may 10 (simple) be better at avoiding distractions. 【答案】1．how 2．efficiency 3．to/with 4．wider 5．have been led 6．to mirror 7．a 8．divided 9．taking 10．simply 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了在使用人工智能工具方面存在的性别差异现象，即男性使用人工智能工具的比例高于女性，分析了造成这种差异的原因，包括女性在STEM领域代表性不足以及女性思维模式等因素，同时也提及了专家们对女性使用人工智能工具意愿较低这一现象的不同看法。 1．考查表语从句。句意：这就是人工智能工具吸引用户的方式。is后面为表语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，结合语境，此处表示方式，所以用连接副词how引导表语从句。故填how。 2．考查名词。句意：然而，尽管人们希望这项技术能提高工作效率，但并非所有人都支持。根据空前的“the”以及空后的“of work”可知，此处需要用名词形式，efficient的名词是efficiency，意为“效率”。故填efficiency。 3．考查介词。句意：据英国广播公司报道，全球18岁至65岁的男性中，59%的人每周至少使用一次生成式人工智能，而女性这一比例为51%。此处为固定搭配compared to/with，表示“与……相比”。故填to/with。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：年轻人中的性别差距更大；18岁至24岁的男性中，71%的人每周使用生成式人工智能，女性这一比例为59%。根据空前的even以及语境可知，此处表示与前文情况相比，年轻人中的性别差距更大，所以用形容词wide的比较级wider。故填wider。 5．考查动词时态和语态。句意：长期以来，STEM领域一直由男性主导。根据时间状语“For ages”可知，此处强调从过去一直持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时，且主语STEM fields与lead之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态“have/has been +过去分词”，主语是复数，故填have been led。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：目前人工智能工具使用上的模式似乎反映了这种差异。此处为固定搭配appear to do sth.，表示“似乎做某事”，所以用动词不定式to mirror。故填to mirror。 7．考查冠词。句意：女性思维中的某些模式可能也起了作用。此处为固定搭配play a role，表示“起作用”。故填a。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一项对486名按学业成绩划分的学生的调查中，研究人员发现，成绩优异的女学生更有可能只有在教授允许的情况下才使用ChatGPT。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，students与divide之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词divided。故填divided。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：“这种想法就是我必须靠自己完成，不能走捷径，”库克解释道。空前为介词without，所以此处用动名词形式taking作宾语。故填taking。 10．考查副词。句意：然而，另一些人则不那么担忧，他们指出，人工智能目前可能更像是一个“数字玩具”，而女性可能只是更善于避免分心。此处修饰句子，应用副词simply，意为“仅仅，只是”。故填simply。 15 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 易错02 名词4大易错点+3大避坑点+闯关训练 目 录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01 名词的单复数规则变化 1 易错02 名词的单复数不规则变化 3 易错03 名词的格 5 易错04 名词与其他词性之间的转化 7 第二部分 易错点闯关 9 闯关01 词性转换 10 闯关02 单句填空 12 闯关03 语篇填空 16 易错01 名词的单复数规则变化 易错典题 【例1】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2025·新高考II卷·语法填空）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky 64 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. 【错因分析】部分考生误认为afternoon没有复数形式，造成填写错误。 上下文分析不充分：句子描述的是一种经常发生的现象，而非特指某一个下午。学生可能没有从整体语境中推断出“afternoon”应表示复数含义，导致误用单数形式。 短语结构误解：误将“blue sky”视为不可数名词短语，而忽略了“afternoon”本身是可数名词，且受“plenty of”修饰（后接复数可数名词）。 避错攻略 【方法总结】 遇到名词填空是，牢三步：是否为可数名词，是否表示特指，前后语法是否一致。 【干货必记】可数名词变复数的规则变化 场合 用法 示例 一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths, house→houses 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾 在词尾加-es glass→glasses, box→boxes, church→churches, brush→brushes 以辅音字母+-y结尾 变y为i再加-es country→countries, factory→factories 以元音字母+-y结尾 在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays, monkey→monkeys 以辅音字母+-o结尾 直接加-es hero→heroes, potato→potatoes 以元音字母+-o结尾 直接加-s zoo→zoos, zero→zeros 以元音字母+-o结尾 特殊直接加-s photo→photos, kilo→kilos, piano→pianos 以-f,-fe结尾 变f或fe为 -ves wife→wilves, wolf→wolves 以-f,-fe结尾 直接加-s gulf→gulfs, roof→roofs, belief→beliefs, safe→safes 单复数同形 单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species 合成名词的复数 主体名词变复数 passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on 合成名词的复数 无名词最后加-s grown-up→grown-ups, go-between→go-betweens 举一反三 1.（2025·山东日照·一模）Chen has documented her life in Liuzhou through short __________ (video), capturing both her personal growth and the city’s development. 2.（26-27高三上·全国·课后作业）__________ (thief) broke into the offices and stole $150,000’s worth of computer equipment. 3.（25-26高三上·广东东莞·阶段练习）These __________ (strategy) will help you catch up with your classmates in a shorter time. 易错02 名词的单复数不规则变化 易错典题 【例2】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）What (criterion) do you use when judging the quality of a student’s work? 【错因分析】部分考生因为词汇匮乏导致不认识该词就想当然地直接加-s变复数，造成错误。 知识网络构建误解：部分考生平时没有积累名词变为复数形式特殊形式造成知识漏洞。 避错攻略 【方法总结】 遇到名词填空是，牢三步：是否为可数名词，是否表示特指，前后语法是否一致。 【干货必记】可数名词变复数的不规则变化 变化 示例 单复数同形 deer鹿, fish鱼, sheep绵阳, means方法, series系列, aircraft飞机, species物种,works工厂，作品 Chinese中国人, Japanese日本人, Swiss瑞士人 变局部元音 goose-geese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, man-men, woman-women；mouse-mice 词尾-on变-a phenomenon-phenomena现象，criterion-criteria标准 词尾加-(r)en child-children孩子, ox-oxen公牛 词尾-un变成-a datum-data数据, medium-media媒体 -sis变为-ses crisis-crises危机, diagnosis-diagnoses诊断, analysis-analyses分析 举一反三 1.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）In recent decades, the world has faced various global (crisis), such as financial problems and public health emergencies. 2.（2025·河北衡水·二模）Natural (phenomenon) such as earthquakes and volcanoes have fascinated scientists for centuries. 3.（24-25高二下·全国·课后作业） (arch) of McDonald’s are painted gold only to make them beautiful. 4.（24-25高二下·江苏无锡·期末）In the afternoon, the old man will sit in a cafe, read some papers and watch __________(passer-by) outside. 易错03 名词的格 易错典题 【例3】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2021·浙江卷1月·语法填空）It is calculated by dividing a __________ (person) weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. 【错因分析】部分考生因为没有弄清题目要求误填形容词personal，表示“个人的，私人的”。 避错攻略 【干货必记】 一、-’s所有格的用法 1.主要表示有生命的人或物的所有关系，一般是名词词尾加-'s。John's home约翰的家; 2.表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。 at the barber’s在理发店 3.以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-’。students’ textbooks 学生们的课本; 4.词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-’s。children’s game 孩子们的游戏。 5.用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s 或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s或’。 Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。 Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。 二、of所有格的用法 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。 the content of the novel小说的内容                  the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字 the window of the room 房间的窗户                 the cost of living生活成本 the news of success捷报   the window of the room 房间的窗户 三、双重所有格的用法 指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,some,a few,two,this,that,these,those 等修饰,但不能用the。 a picture of my mother's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片; this little cat of your sister's你妹妹的这只小猫 a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧) a friend of mine(我的一个朋友)易错提醒 ’s所有格my mother’s friend强调我母亲和这个朋友的关系，不涉及其他人。双重所有格a friend of my mother’s指我母亲还有其他朋友。如：a picture of Jack’s指杰克所拥有的照片中的一张；而a picture of Jack指一张杰克的照片，照片上的人就是杰克。 举一反三 1．After two __________ (day) hard work, they succeeded in completing the project. 2．The __________ (president) attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. 3．You’ll hear these __________ (participate) stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. 4．There are many students living at school, the__________ (child) houses are all far from school． 易错04 名词与其他词性之间的转化 易错典题 【例4】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2025全国一卷·语法填空）“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your 59 (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 【干货必记】名词后缀 1. 动词转化为名词的后缀 后缀 示例 -ion -tion -sion correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认；准许加入 permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望 -er -or sail→sailor海员，水手 drive→driver司机；驾驶员 gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 -ment punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗 equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府 -ance -ence appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导 perform→performance表演；表现 exist→existence存在；生存 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅 -ure -ture fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物) -ing hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始 -y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现 2. 形容词转化为名词的后缀 后缀 示例 -age short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比 -cy efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私 -dom free→freedom自由             wise→wisdom明智；智慧 -ence different→difference差异        evident →evidence 证据 -ness weak→weakness虚弱；弱点     thick→thickness厚度 kind→kindness仁慈，友好        careless→carelessness粗心大意 -th strong→strength力气；优势       warm→warmth温暖；热情 -y -ty safe→safety安全                 disable→disability缺陷；伤残 responsible→responsibility责任  honest→honesty诚实 3. 名词转化为形容词的后缀 后缀 示例 -y fog→foggy有雾的 guilt →guilty 内疚的 -ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的 -ful meaning→meaningful有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的 -less fear→ fearless 怕的        home→homeless无家可归的 -ble change →changeable易变的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的 -ous courage→courageous勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的 -al addition→additional附加的 globe→global 全球的 -ly love→lovely 可爱的 month →monthly每月的 -en wood→wooden木制的 gold →golden金子般的 -ic energy→energetic精力充沛的 strategy→strategic战略的 -cial benefit →beneficial 有益处的 face→ facial面部的 举一反三 1.（25-26高三上·河北衡水·期中）By contrast, the largest animal species so far found on our planet is the blue whale, which can grow up to almost 30 meters in (long). 2.（25-26高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习）Within the ant colony, the complex (divide) of labor, which comes from a natural drive, guides all tasks from searching for food to caring for the young. 3.（26-27高三上·全国·课后作业）The researchers reported that long-term (expose) to air pollution can affect a person’s mental abilities. 4.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Now he must make it a (prior) to fix the deeply broken system. 闯关一、给出下列单词的名词形式。 1. solve vt. 解决→____________ n. 解决办法 2. improve vt. 改进→____________ n. 改进 3. compete vi. 竞争→____________ n. 竞争 4. describe vt. 描述→____________ n. 描述 5. popular adj. 受欢迎的→____________ n.普及；流行 6. explain vt. 解释→____________ n. 解释 7. inform vt. 通知→____________ n. 信息 8. recognize vt. 承认 →____________ n. 承认 9. receive vt. 接收→____________ n. 接待 10. reduce vt. 减少→____________ n. 减少 11. represent vt. 代表→____________ n. 代表 12. curious adj. 好奇的→____________ n. 好奇心 13. diverse adj. 多样的→____________ n. 多样性 14. equal adj. 平等的→____________ n. 平等 15. argue vi. 争论 →____________ n. 争论 16. apply vt. 申请→____________ n. 申请 17. approve vt. 批准 →____________ n. 批准 18. assist vt. 协助 →____________ n. 协助 19. assume vt. 假定→____________ n. 假定 20. avoid vt. 避免 →____________ n. 避免 21. believe vt. 相信 →____________ n. 信念 22. combine vt. 结合→____________ n. 结合 23. compare vt. 比较→____________ n. 比较 24. conclude vt. 得出结论→____________ n. 结论 25. confuse vt. 使困惑 →____________ n. 困惑 26. criticize vt. 批评→____________ n. 批评 27. depend vi. 依赖→____________ n. 依赖 28. disturb vt. 打扰 →____________ n. 打扰 29. divide vt. 划分 →____________ n. 划分 30. enter vt. 进入→____________ n. 进入；条目 31. exist vi. 存在→____________ n. 存在 32. generous adj. 慷慨的 →____________ n. 慷慨 33. honest adj. 诚实的 →____________ n. 诚实 34. mature adj. 成熟的→____________ n. 成熟 35. poor adj. 贫穷的→____________ n. 贫穷 36. reliable adj. 可靠的→____________ n. 可靠性 37. shy adj. 害羞的 →____________ n. 害羞 38. sincere adj. 真诚的 →____________ n. 真诚 39. strong adj. 强壮的 →____________ n. 力量 40. wise adj. 明智的→____________ n. 智慧 闯关二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（2025年浙江首考·语法填空）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing. 2.(2021年新高考II卷·语法填空）A company __________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 3.（26-27高三上·全国·课后作业）When you save money on these (purchase), each discount only happens once. 4.（2025·河北衡水·三模）These health (advocate) encourage people to exercise regularly and eat a balanced diet. 5.（24-25高三下·全国·课后作业）And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 (submit). 6.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）He is beyond (recognize) now, because I only saw him in the boyhood. 7.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）He finally gained (enter) to the hotel by giving some money to the doorman. 8.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）In reality, the research shows that computer games may cause __________ (aggressive). 9.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）When he joined the club, he felt a sense of (belong). 10.（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）The (destroy) of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. 11.（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）Moreover, lacquer (漆) has strong (resist) to acid and alkali (碱) materials. Hence, it won’t become rotten over the years. 12.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）“I really want to make this work for (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 13.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset (tolerate) are much more likely to get angry. 14.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）Although my father doesn’t say a lot in daily life, he gives me much love and__________ (affect). 15.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）He stood on the pavement, memorizing the (register) number. 16.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）The specialist has decided on walking 2,000 steps a day in (respond) to the challenge of her friend. 17.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）There is no sense of (urge) to do my schoolwork immediately. 18.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）It’s clear that we made a careful (analyse) of the sales figures of the shop. 19.（26-27高三上·全国·课后作业）The polluted river is the living (prove) of the environmental pollution caused by the chemical factory. 20.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）I hold the firm (believe) that higher education can make your life better. 闯关三、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 【原创】On Novembet 14, the Shenzhou-20 taikonaut crew--Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui and Wang Jie--successfully landed at the Dongfeng Landing Site aboard the Shenzhou-21 spaceship, marking a safe end to their 204-day orbital mission. Their return, 1 (origin) scheduled for Novembe 5, was delayed by nine 2 (day) due to a minor crack in Shenzhou-20’s porthole (舷窗) caused by space debris (片) impact. This unprecedented (史无前例的) 3 (emergent) triggered China's well-designed "one main and one backup" space rescue plan. Instead of risking a return on the damaged spacectaft, the crew transferred to Shenzhou-21. This marks the first time in China's manned space histoty that another 4 (operation) spaceship has carried a different taikonaut crew back to Earth. While waiting for the rescheduled return, the trio continued 5 (science) experiments with the Shenzhou-21 crew, adding 6 (value) data to their research. During their record-breaking orbital stay, the Shenzhou-20 team completed four extravehicular (舱外的) 7 (activity), seven cargo transfer tasks, and a series of cutting-edge 8 (experiment) in space life sciences and materials science. The smooth emergency return fully demonstrated the 9 (reliable) of China's manned space engineering system. As the taikonauts were confirmed in good health after landing, this mission proved that China's space program has successfully passed the test, which delivers an excellent answer to the nation's 10 (expect). （2025·云南·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Increase your productivity. This is 1 AI tools attract its users. However, despite hopes that the technology will improve the 2 (efficient) of work, not everyone is on board. According to BBC, 59 percent of men aged 18 to 65 around the world use generative AI at least once a week, compared 3 51 percent of women. The gender gap is even 4 (wide) among younger people; 71 percent of men and 59 percent of women aged 18 to 24 use generative AI weekly. Why are women less open to AI than men? According to AI expert Jodie Cook, this gap reflects the underrepresentation of women in STEM fields (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). “For ages, STEM fields 5 (lead) by males. The current pattern in the use of AI tools appears 6 (mirror) this difference,” Cook told the BBC． Certain patterns in female thinking might also play 7 role. In a survey of 486 students, 8 (divide) by academic performance, researchers found that high-performing female students were more likely to use ChatGPT only when it had been allowed by their professor. “It’s the idea that I have to do it on my own without 9 (take) shortcuts,” Cook explained. For some experts, women’s reluctance (不情愿) to use AI is troubling, as it could lead to technology being designed more for men. Others, however, are less alarmed, pointing out that AI may right now act more as a “digital toy”, and women may 10 (simple) be better at avoiding distractions. 9 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $