专题14 完形填空（一）（解题突破）（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，江苏专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题14 完形填空(一)(解题突破) ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 学考必备的完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，主题语境包括人与自我、人与社会及人与自然，选材都是积极向上、充满正能量的文章，倡导至真、至善、至美的价值观。选材原汁原味，语言地道，能够传递正能量，从考生熟悉的话题中考查英语素养。完形填空主要考查实词。一般情况下，名词和动词(短语)考查的数量在2/3以上，体现了高考对词汇考查的灵活性。这就要求考生在复习备考时应重视词汇的积累，同时注意培养自己在语境中理解词义的能力。 完形填空的解题步骤 1. 通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。 2. 瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先做有把握的问题，对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示。 3. 复读全文，解决疑难。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。 4. 再次复读，弥补疏漏。全部做好后，考生务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。 常用答题微技能如下： 考点一 首句概览法 在完形填空中，一般情况下，文章第一句话会交代人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点等，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展及结果。利用首句确定文章的体裁：如果文章开头交代事情发生的时间、地点以及人物等，这很可能就是一篇记叙文。 完形填空的首句或前几句话一般是完整的，这样便于考生理清思路，抓住文章的线索。由首句的提示及上下文之间的关系便能进一步了解短文的内容，为正确解题提供了依据。所以考生在做题时，若能认真读懂首句或前几句，就可以根据它们判断出文章的大意或主题，这样有助于有效地完成完形填空。 考点二 语境推测法 完形填空题的最大特点是——重点考查语境。所谓语境，就是指文章的上下文关系，它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。 对于记叙文，文章以叙述为主，绝大部分篇幅是作者在描述事件，较少点明作者的观点。而作者的态度及观点往往隐含在叙述中，因此，这类试题常会出现作者的态度与观点隐性的跳跃式变换，增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，这就要求考生在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境辨析词语，作出选择。 因为完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解，空格的前后多有暗示(后文暗示前文的居多)，所以考生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系，结合语境辨析所给选项，从中选出正确答案。对于那些一时无法确定答案的题，考生不要仅局限于空格前后的小范围语境，要把视野扩大到全文，有时，一旦和整篇短文联系起来，考生就会豁然开朗，很容易选出答案。 考点三 上下文呼应法 上下文呼应法就是考生在做完形填空题时，必须注意上下文的连贯性及逻辑性，在了解文章大意的基础上，要按文章的先后顺序，对每道题所给词语的确切含义进行分析比较，并考虑到全文的语境，做到瞻前顾后，上下文呼应，运用逻辑思维进行答题的一种方法。 (1)注意上下文的信息提示：信息提示出现在前文时，可以直接根据前文的信息提示确定答案；信息提示出现在后文时，考生应该先把此空暂时搁置，在理解了后文意义之后再确定答案。 (2)通读全文，利用复现词语：在完形填空试题中，一些词语会重复出现在语篇之中。把握这些反复出现的词语，有利于考生确定正确答案。 考点四 文化背景，生活常识法 文化背景法是考生根据自己已经掌握的或具备的文化背景和生活常识，如科学、历史文化，风俗民情等方面的知识，对完形填空中出现的相关问题作出分析与判断的方法。 由于完形填空命题的基本形式是独立的语篇，它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，因此，考生在做题时应该：1.利用英语国家的文化背景知识(包括英语国家的风俗习惯、历史事件、地理位置等)；注意中西方文化的差异；简化复杂的分析与判断过程。2.结合生活常识，避免常识性错误。完形填空文章的内容与日常生活相关，因此当考生对语言的把握不准确时，可充分利用社会知识和科普知识来帮助自己判断，这就要求考生平时既要多体验生活，又要博览群书。 考点五 固定搭配，平行结构法 固定搭配是完形填空的常考点，英语中的固定搭配非常多，考生平时要熟记它们，并能够在具体语境中识别出来，从而选择正确的答案。做题时，考生要注意所填词与空格前后词语的搭配。 平行结构指的是意义相关、层次相同、句法功能也相同的词组或句子等成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的形式整齐、对称，考生可根据这些特征选择正确答案。常见的连接平行结构的词有：and,but,as well as,or, both...and.., neither...nor.., either... or.., not only... but(also)., not...but...,rather than,than等。命题者常利用平行结构表现的意义具有关联性这一特点来设空，因此，掌握这些平行结构可大大提高解题效率。 考点一：首句概览法 例1. Last December I faced the same problem many people know too well: what do you buy for a friend who already 1 everything? My best friend Lily buys whatever she likes the moment she 2 it. I walked through shops for hours, 3 candles and scarves that I knew she would never use. Then someone told me about a small ceramic(陶瓷的) studio 4 by Ansley Bunger. 1. A. needs B. borrows C. knows D. owns 2. A. sees B. hears C. recognizes D. ignores 3. A. hiding B. holding C. designing D. collecting 4. A. sold B. visited C. run D. abandoned 例2. Nelson Mandela once said, “If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.” This quote(引语) 1 the power of language, and that’s why I’ve always enjoyed learning new languages. So far I’ve 2 a good knowledge of four languages. 例3. One Sunday morning, I was busy with my homework when I heard a soft knock on my door. It was my mom, 1 a small box wrapped(包装) in colorful paper. “Happy birthday!” she said with a 2 . I had completely forgotten about my own birthday. 1. A. selling B. picking C. holding D. opening 2. A. pity B. smile C. cry D. letter 1. This is such a minor thing but it means so much to me. It occurred when I was 14. Back then, I was a(n) 1 . teenager struggling with a disturbing home environment and not having close friends made me feel 2 . 1. A. average B. unhealthy C. troubled D. quiet 2. A. let down B. left out C. held back D. burnt out 2. I never imagined I’d be in this situation. I could feel my windpipe(气管) slowly 1 as a high schooler squeezed my neck. How did I 2 here, lying on the floor, getting strangled (掐住脖子) by someone so young? 1. A. opening B. closing C. widening D. sharpening 2. A. end up B. turn up C. break up D. set up 3. A father-son pair became the focus of attention during Sunday’s Xin’anjiang Marathon in Zhejiang province. The father, 45-year-old Luo Shujian ran the marathon while pushing a three-wheeled cart 1 his 13-year-old son Xiaobai, who was diagnosed with cerebral palsy(大脑性麻痹) six months after he was born in 2009. What’s worse, he 2 a severe form of epilepsy(癫痫) at the age of three. 1. A. dragging B. carrying C. covering D. protecting 2. A. pretended B. charged C. developed D. abandoned 4. When I was a child, my mum liked to prepare food for dinner every now and then. And I clearly remember one night when she made 1 after a long, hard day at work. 5. Last year, Ms. Lopez, a math teacher in California, faced a familiar 1 : how to meet the needs of 30 students with different learning paces. Some struggled with basic equations, while others, clearly bored 2 for more challenging problems. Then she tried an AI tutoring tool, and everything began to 3 . 1. A. dilemma B. standard C. record D. deadline 2. A. waited B. begged C. prepared D. competed 3. A. disappear B. repeat C. fail D. change 考点二：语境推测法 例1. I was 1 that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek. I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. 1. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried 例2. Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it 1 . She and her husband have spent the last two years travelling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. 1. A. indoors B. online C. single-handed D. full-time 例3. Earlier that evening, my mother called, telling me that my brother had been killed in a car crash. …, I tried to hold my tears. I 43 picked things up and put them down. 43. A. aimlessly B. helplessly C. quickly D. decisively 1. I live in Sweden, where woodworking is a standard school curriculum(课程). I had invested a considerable amount of time and great effort into a project we were completing. Upon finishing, we were permitted to take our 4 home. A. assignments B. rewards C. tools D. creations 2. It all began when I took a trial class at a Brazilian jujutsu(柔术) academy. Though I’d been a fan of action movies and 1 by martial arts for years, I hadn’t done anything more 2 than running for a bus. My initial 3 was looking foolish in the uniform — gi. I worried I’d be laughed at. 4 , everyone was incredibly nice, even when I accidentally put my knee on someone’s neck. Eventually, I 5 my anxiety and bought a gift for practice. 1. A. limited B. touched C. shocked D. fascinated 2. A. athletic B. academic C. artistic D. economic 3. A. hope B. blessing C. concern D. doubt 4. A. Surprisingly B. Unfortunately C. Naturally D. Seriously 5. A. ignored B. overcame C. accepted D. forgot 3. Luo was told his son’s 1 requires lifelong care. With help from charities, Xiaobai’s condition 2 after taking medication. Most of the time, he has to stay at home, but Luo has always wanted to take his son to see a wider world and been 3 by the story of Dick Hoyt — taking his son Rick with cerebral palsy to over 1,000 races. Then, the 4 had their first try at the 7-kilometer mini marathon event in 2015. He found that Xiaobai was 5 and happy, laughing and clapping his hands. The 6 response encouraged Luo to take his son to participate in 54 races in over 20 Chinese cities. 1. A. condition B. tension C. talent D. appetite 2. A. improved B. ensured C. conserved D. contributed 3. A. annoyed B. required C. interrupted D. inspired 4. A. group B. crowd C. pair D. team 5. A. surprised B. thrilled C. ashamed D. astonished 6. A. imaginative B. urgent C. perfect D. positive 考点三：上下文呼应法 例1. You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs. For many years,I enjoyed living with my dogs,Tilly and Chance.Their 41 (companionship) was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay,Nearly.Last year,I started dating,but with 42 (reservations).When I first dated Steve,I 43 (learned) he had a dog,Molly,and a cat,Flora.While I was 44 (thrilled) that he was an animal lover, I 45 (worried) that three dogs were perhaps too many,and my dogs might attack 46 ,the cat. 46.A.Flora B.Chance C.Molly D.Tilly 例2. I hate lying to the kids.One day they'll 47 (wake up) and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48 . I wonder if 49 (parents) should always tell the truth no matter the 50 (consequences). I have a very strong 51 (fear) that the lie we're telling is doing 52 (spiritual) damage to our children. 48.A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D.fact 例3. Criticism is important, but you are going to have to keep on writing till you are 8 with your work.” 8. A. content B. strict C. patient D. exhausted 1. Mr. Kere launched the School Bricks for Gando project and 28 raising money needed to build a school. 28. A. set about B. insisted on C. picked up D. looked into 2. Although I enjoyed my new life and the time it freed up, there always seemed to be something missing. I thought it was a result of going from a high-activity career to a life of 21 . 21. A. depression B. leisure C. boredom D. enjoyment 3. Alicia Szostak was driving on the highway after midnight one morning. Suddenly, she saw a deer run into the 21 . 21. A. farm B. mountain C. road D. door 4. For the 21 of her first grandchild, my mom hand-knitted(手工编织) a lovely Christmas stocking. Two years later, a second grandchild arrived and Mom took out her knitting needles again. 21. A. arrival B. happiness C. benefit D. success 考点四：文化背景、生活常识法 例1. ...When she 53 (reached)one nurse,she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand.My colleague 54 (refused)to accept it,saying that we were all just 55 (doing)our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then 56 (replied): "Oh this isn't for the 57 (care)I had. I take that as a 58 (given). No, this is for setting my hair yesterday." And there you have it.To many people, 59 lives is part of the job but styling hair is an 60 (extra) and should be rewarded. 59.A.risking B.changing C.saving D.building 例2. With traffic 43 (stopped) and no clear information on when the highway would reopen, some drivers abandoned their cars and set out on foot. Others, like Casey and Joe, turned off the 44 to save gas and seated themselves in their vehicles. 44. A. cooker B. engine C. window D. radio 例3. My next move will be to 1 all my skills in pioneering work. I know there is no end to learning. I will live and learn. 1. A. quit B. reflect C. employ D. change 1. figured that if something looked and 24 good then, chances were, it would taste great too. 24. A. smelt B. sounded C. remained D. felt 2. My wife and I were recalling the 34 (kindness) of the Uber driver and were so glad that we could give him a generous 35 . May his tribe grow. 35. A. discount B. mercy C. loan D. tip 3. My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ 21 my job. Family to feed. ” 21. A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished 4. When the cashier 23 everything up and told her the cost, the woman’s face 24 (paled). It was obvious she didn’t have enough money. 23. A. used B. piled C. added D. mixed 5. Listening to our kids can help 34 emotional connections and boost their self-confidence. 34. A. strengthen B. beautify C. update D. replace 6. But Shaine cried when she learned older and disabled animals are often killed painlessly because they can’t walk and require extra 23 . 23. A. care B. duty C. recognition D. courage 考点五：固定搭配，平行结构法 例1. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 (exposed). For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 (interpreted)as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures. 42.A.clever B.bad C.scared D.quick 例2. Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them, there's something highly exciting about 41 someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen. 41.A.following B.taking C.escaping D.directing 1. The next week we 47 (walked)our dogs together.It was a hot day.When we paused to catch our 48 , Steve got down on one knee. 48. A. breath B. balance C. attention D. imagination 2. We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 47 (child) sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. 48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears 49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool 一、阅读理解 A Glasgow Doors Open Days Festival is a yearly event. During the festival, you can explore some of the city’s most historic buildings. This year, from October 16 to 22, you are invited to visit 122 different buildings. Booking All of our events are FREE to attend. However, some need to be booked in advance. Booking opens at 10 a.m. on October 1. Most events can be booked via www.glasgowdoorsopendays.org.uk. Hub This year, our festival hub is in the heart of the city, at the Garment Factory. The factory has been converted into a modern office. You can get help from volunteers there. They will give you more information about the programme and guide you through several exhibitions. Getting Around Bike You can rent a bike for free from South West Community Cycles on October 19 and 20, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Book via the SWCC website: www.southwestcommunitycycles.co.uk/events. Train Travelling by train is one of the quickest and easiest ways to get around. ScotRail offers a range of tickets, such as the new Glasgow DaysOut pass(车票). The pass includes two days of unlimited off-peak(非高峰期的) travel in and around Glasgow. The price is just £34 for a family of four. More information at www.scotrail.co.uk. Don’t forget to check out the national programme of Doors Open Days at www.doorsopendays.org.uk. The programme is held across Scotland every year. I. Choose the best answer. 1. Glasgow Doors Open Days Festival lasts _________. A. three days B. five days C. a week D. two weeks 2. James wants to book a building tour. He should book via _________. A. www.scotrail.co.uk B. www.doorsopendays.org.uk C. www.glasgowdoorsopendays.org.uk D. www.southwestcommunitycycles.co.uk/events 3. The festival hub _________. A. used to be an old office B. used to be a modern office C. is located in the centre of the city D. is far away from the centre of the city 4. According to the article, which of the following statements is true? A. Visitors can rent bikes for free from October 16 to 20. B. Glasgow Doors Open Days Festival is held every other year. C. The national programme of Doors Open Days is held across England. D. Glasgow Days Out pass includes two days of unlimited off-peak travel in and around Glasgow. B The sound of my mother preparing breakfast fills the house — my morning alarm. As I walk toward the kitchen, I’m greeted by my mother standing over the cooker. She effortlessly cooks a dish that mixes Western and Eastern styles, a beloved breakfast classic in our family. This is my grandmother’s recipe(食谱). Since my grandmother’s passing, I’ve become more aware of my mother’s aging and her devotion to cooking for us. She has cooked for her family for more than 30 years, dividing her time between three countries — Korea, Canada and Germany. When my parents visit us from Korea, they stay with us for several months. My mother helps around the house, showing her cooking skills to provide delicious meals for me, my partner and our kids. In every other year, she and my dad will travel to Berlin to spend a couple of weeks with my sister and her partner. According to Statista, most Canadians report spending between 31 and 60 minutes preparing an average weekday dinner for themselves and others in their houses. Ten percent stated that they spend more than an hour preparing their evening meal. My mother belongs to that 10 percent. Her cooking goes beyond the kitchen, starting with careful grocery shopping trips where she examines produce and finds the best deals. She takes everyone’s preferences and needs into account. The meal she creates becomes a ritual (仪式), bringing the family together to connect and share. Helping her out in the kitchen requires a great deal of patience. Yet, I know it’s her way of expressing love. As I prepare the vegetables, she notices that my carrots are not evenly sized. She pushes me aside to take over the task. “Just do the dishes.” 5. What do we know about the author’s mother from paragraph 2? A. She has more than two children. B. She lives with the author in Korea. C. She has great cooking skills. D. She invented the family beloved breakfast classic. 6. What’s the purpose of listing data about meal preparation time? A. To present a common problem. B. To show her mother’s love. C. To stress the importance of home-cooked meals. D. To explain the reasons behind infrequent cooking. 7. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? A. Her mother dislikes being bothered. B. Her mother expects perfection in cooking. C. Her mother gets angry easily. D. Her mother wants to teach her everything. 8. Which is the best title for the text? A. Mother’s Recipe Is the Best in the World. B. Mother’s Love Needs to Be Responded to. C. Mother’s Selflessness Inspires My Family. D. Mother’s Kitchen draws Us Closer Together. C Feeling bad after a favorite show ends is common, and it even has an informal name: post-series depression (PSD). Rita Kottasz, a marketing professor at Kingston University, describes PSD as “a feeling of emptiness and upset when something you love finishes”. This experience can be found in TV shows, books, or video games, creating a desire for more. The idea of PSD gained popularity on social media and fan blogs in the mid-2010s, especially during the Golden Age of TV. Kottasz prefers not to use the name PSD, instead calling it “consumer saudade”, a Portuguese word meaning nostalgic(怀旧的) longing. However, a journal editor told her to use PSD because its widely used outside of research. Kottasz and her co-workers published a research dividing the types of PSD based on interviews with fans who felt sad after their favorite things ended. Common emotions included frustration, disappointment, sadness, and emptiness. Some fans even felt that life was less complete or that they had lost “best friends”. While PSD is often connected to TV shows, Kottasz is exploring its connection to other media, such as the sudden break of K-pop band BTS(防弹少年团) and novels like Harry Potter. Younger people are more influenced than older ones, partially because companies like Netflix are always giving viewers new movies and shows. What might surprise many people is that binge-watching does not seem to cause PSD. Instead, long-term watching may be a factor. Kottasz thinks watching a show over several seasons or reading novels across many years strengthens a person’s relationship to the characters(人物). In her 2019 paper, she said a Harry Potter fan who started reading the series at age 9 and was "sadly left behind’ after the final book and film published years later. But it isn’t quite as simple as saying the end of a show or novel controls our emotion. Brian Kong, a Chicago-based psychologist, is worried that PSD might not imply(暗示) a cause and effect relationship between low moods and a program’s end. Instead, he says that when viewers experiencing lasting bad feelings, watching TV might be acting as an anesthetic(麻醉剂) for a deeper mental problem, like how some people with anxiety drink alcohol. In other words, the low mood already existed, and watching the series only masked it. 9. Which of the following is a common response among fans experiencing PSD? A. A fresh sense of purpose for life. B. A deep satisfaction after the show. C. A great sense of loss of best friends. D. A strong desire for a new hobby. 10. What does the underlined word “binge-watching” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Reviewing every detail of a TV show day and night. B. Watching many episodes(集) of a TV show at one time. C. Following the episodes of a TV show for a long time. D. Reading a book series while watching the TV adaptation (改編版). 11. What doe Brian Kong imply in the last paragraph? A. PSD covers up a deeper mental problem. B. Viewers with bad feelings like drinking alcohol. C. Watching TV is the main cause of low moods. D. Watching TV series can make mental problems worse. 12. What might the following paragraphs focus on? A. The solutions to post-series depression. B. The marketing(营销) strategies of TV shows. C. The difference between PSD and nostalgia. D. The influence of social media on fan emotions. D To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example seems oversimplified. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore, we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do”. Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to achieve his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a screaming is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults award some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves. In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players. Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success. 13. According to the passage, to teach a child to learn something, parents should ________. A. view from the child’s perspective B. simplify each action shown to the child C. follow the theory of imitation D. set a good example for the child to copy 14. Which of the following situation will lead a child to seek for a model? A. The child comes up with a solution to an issue. B. The child is blamed by parents for his/her wrongdoing. C. The child encounters a professional who can get the right result. D. The child is in trouble and cannot figure out an approach. 15. It can be inferred that children usually imitate people ________. A. whose talent and skill are extraordinary B. whose actions are consistent with theirs C. whom they want to be shaped into D. who enjoy a high social status 16. What is the passage mainly about? A. The reason for parenting by imitation. B. The factors determining children’s imitation. C. The significance of learning by imitation. D. The way children choose models. 二、完形填空 I sat by the window, flipping through William Wordsworth’s poem, The Prelude. In it, he 1 a dream where an Arab horseman carries a stone and a shell. The stone 2 science, the shell poetry. Both are in urgent danger, and Wordsworth firmly believes that poetry and imagination should hold 3 importance to reason and science in inspiring the human soul. Then, my thoughts turned to Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species. His theory 4 overturned the sense of human uniqueness, yet it revealed the profound 5 in all life. I closed my eyes and imagined myself walking through 19th-century London. Wordsworth and I stood by a quiet 6 . He stared into the distance and whispered, “Kristine, nature follows scientific laws yet carries poetic charm.” The lake shines as if in 7 . Next, I was in Darwin’s study. Buried in test samples and papers, he 8 and said, “Kristine, nature’s mysteries are everywhere. Every 9 tells a story of life. These flowers, so simple, are like silent poems.” Standing between them, I felt the conflict and 10 of science and poetry. Science is the 11 that shapes our understanding. 12 , poetry is the essence that brings it to life. They depend on each other, forming a complete picture of how humans 13 the world. Back in 14 , the noise of the city outside made me realize I’m living in the present, not the 19th century. I was filled with wonder for science and poetry. They are like 15 stars in the night sky, each shining brightly and lighting our way forward. 1. A. realized B. described C. kept D. pursued 2. A. dominates B. influences C. symbolizes D. disturbs 3. A. equal B. lasting C. particular D. cultural 4. A. probably B. simply C. eventually D. completely 5. A. differences B. connections C. improvements D. effects 6. A. lakeside B. seashore C. pathway D. grassland 7. A. sympathy B. surprise C. agreement D. harmony 8. A. tried out B. looked up C. stressed out D. checked in 9. A. adventure B. secret C. word D. species 10. A. integration B. peace C. struggle D. resolution 11. A. language B. solution C. foundation D. discipline 12. A. Otherwise B. Meanwhile C. Thus D. Besides 13. A. perceive B. change C. conquer D. save 14. A. return B. history C. time D. reality 15. A. north B. rising C. twin D. golden 三、语法填空 Southwest China’s Yunnan province is a popular destination known for its temperate weather, natural scenery and folk customs. Dali and Lijiang remain top travel choices for both domestic and international tourists. Cangshan Mountain, rising above Dali, ___1___(feature) hiking trails winding through rhododendron 杜鹃花) forests. Since 2023, a new cable car has connected the mountain’s foothills to hidden meadows, offering breathtaking views of Erhai Lake below. Every visitor cycling along the lakeshore often stops at Bai ethnic villages ___2___(admire) traditional tie-dye techniques ___3___(pass) down for centuries. Lijiang’s UNESCO-listed Old Town, a captivating destination for both rich ethnic culture, scenic landscape and deep ___4___(spirit) connection to nature, has limited daily visitors ___5___ 50,000 since last year. Here live the Naxi people, ___6___ unique Dongba culture and traditions are well-preserved. Looking north from the Lijiang Old Town 15 kilometers away, the snow-covered mountain resembles a jade dragon ___7___(lie) in the clouds, hence, the name Jade Dragon Snow Mountain. Consisting of 13 peaks, it stretches a length of 35 km, 20 km wide, covered by snow all year round. What fascinates travelers most is ___8___ local communities maintain ancient traditions. In Shaxi Village midway between Dali and Lijiang, Friday markets still operate exactly ___9___ they did on the Tea Horse Road 800 years ago. Farmers trade Tibetan herbs, Yunnan coffee, and hand-woven fabrics while elderly musicians play the almost ___10___(forget) instruments. This harmonious coexistence of nature and culture makes Yunnan truly magical. 四、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校英文报正在开展以“课本中的精神力量”为主题的征文活动，要求结合高中英语课本中某一位给你印象深刻的人物，写一篇短文投稿，内容如下： 1. 介绍该人物及其精神品质； 2. 结合你的经历谈谈对你的影响。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题14 完形填空(一)(解题突破) ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 学考必备的完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，主题语境包括人与自我、人与社会及人与自然，选材都是积极向上、充满正能量的文章，倡导至真、至善、至美的价值观。选材原汁原味，语言地道，能够传递正能量，从考生熟悉的话题中考查英语素养。完形填空主要考查实词。一般情况下，名词和动词(短语)考查的数量在2/3以上，体现了高考对词汇考查的灵活性。这就要求考生在复习备考时应重视词汇的积累，同时注意培养自己在语境中理解词义的能力。 完形填空的解题步骤 1. 通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。 2. 瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先做有把握的问题，对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示。 3. 复读全文，解决疑难。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。 4. 再次复读，弥补疏漏。全部做好后，考生务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。 常用答题微技能如下： 考点一 首句概览法 在完形填空中，一般情况下，文章第一句话会交代人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点等，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展及结果。利用首句确定文章的体裁：如果文章开头交代事情发生的时间、地点以及人物等，这很可能就是一篇记叙文。 完形填空的首句或前几句话一般是完整的，这样便于考生理清思路，抓住文章的线索。由首句的提示及上下文之间的关系便能进一步了解短文的内容，为正确解题提供了依据。所以考生在做题时，若能认真读懂首句或前几句，就可以根据它们判断出文章的大意或主题，这样有助于有效地完成完形填空。 考点二 语境推测法 完形填空题的最大特点是——重点考查语境。所谓语境，就是指文章的上下文关系，它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。 对于记叙文，文章以叙述为主，绝大部分篇幅是作者在描述事件，较少点明作者的观点。而作者的态度及观点往往隐含在叙述中，因此，这类试题常会出现作者的态度与观点隐性的跳跃式变换，增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，这就要求考生在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境辨析词语，作出选择。 因为完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解，空格的前后多有暗示(后文暗示前文的居多)，所以考生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系，结合语境辨析所给选项，从中选出正确答案。对于那些一时无法确定答案的题，考生不要仅局限于空格前后的小范围语境，要把视野扩大到全文，有时，一旦和整篇短文联系起来，考生就会豁然开朗，很容易选出答案。 考点三 上下文呼应法 上下文呼应法就是考生在做完形填空题时，必须注意上下文的连贯性及逻辑性，在了解文章大意的基础上，要按文章的先后顺序，对每道题所给词语的确切含义进行分析比较，并考虑到全文的语境，做到瞻前顾后，上下文呼应，运用逻辑思维进行答题的一种方法。 (1)注意上下文的信息提示：信息提示出现在前文时，可以直接根据前文的信息提示确定答案；信息提示出现在后文时，考生应该先把此空暂时搁置，在理解了后文意义之后再确定答案。 (2)通读全文，利用复现词语：在完形填空试题中，一些词语会重复出现在语篇之中。把握这些反复出现的词语，有利于考生确定正确答案。 考点四 文化背景，生活常识法 文化背景法是考生根据自己已经掌握的或具备的文化背景和生活常识，如科学、历史文化，风俗民情等方面的知识，对完形填空中出现的相关问题作出分析与判断的方法。 由于完形填空命题的基本形式是独立的语篇，它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，因此，考生在做题时应该：1.利用英语国家的文化背景知识(包括英语国家的风俗习惯、历史事件、地理位置等)；注意中西方文化的差异；简化复杂的分析与判断过程。2.结合生活常识，避免常识性错误。完形填空文章的内容与日常生活相关，因此当考生对语言的把握不准确时，可充分利用社会知识和科普知识来帮助自己判断，这就要求考生平时既要多体验生活，又要博览群书。 考点五 固定搭配，平行结构法 固定搭配是完形填空的常考点，英语中的固定搭配非常多，考生平时要熟记它们，并能够在具体语境中识别出来，从而选择正确的答案。做题时，考生要注意所填词与空格前后词语的搭配。 平行结构指的是意义相关、层次相同、句法功能也相同的词组或句子等成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的形式整齐、对称，考生可根据这些特征选择正确答案。常见的连接平行结构的词有：and,but,as well as,or, both...and.., neither...nor.., either... or.., not only... but(also)., not...but...,rather than,than等。命题者常利用平行结构表现的意义具有关联性这一特点来设空，因此，掌握这些平行结构可大大提高解题效率。 考点一：首句概览法 例1. Last December I faced the same problem many people know too well: what do you buy for a friend who already 1 everything? My best friend Lily buys whatever she likes the moment she 2 it. I walked through shops for hours, 3 candles and scarves that I knew she would never use. Then someone told me about a small ceramic(陶瓷的) studio 4 by Ansley Bunger. 1. A. needs B. borrows C. knows D. owns 2. A. sees B. hears C. recognizes D. ignores 3. A. hiding B. holding C. designing D. collecting 4. A. sold B. visited C. run D. abandoned 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 【解析】 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年12月，我遇到了许多人都很熟悉的问题：给一个已经拥有一切的朋友买什么？A. needs需要；B. borrows借；C. knows知道；D. owns拥有。根据下文“My best friend Lily buys whatever she likes”可知，莉莉想要什么就买什么，因此她几乎拥有了一切，符合“不知该买什么礼物”的语境。故选D。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友莉莉一看到喜欢的东西就会买。A. sees看见；B. hears听见；C. recognizes认出；D. ignores忽视。根据上文“My best friend Lily buys whatever she likes”可知，莉莉一看到喜欢的东西就会买。故选A。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在商店里逛了几个小时，拿着我知道她永远不会用的蜡烛和围巾。A. hiding隐藏；B. holding拿着；C. designing设计；D. collecting收集。根据上文“I walked through shops for hours”和下文“candles and scarves that I knew she would never use”可知，作者在商店里逛了几个小时，拿着一些东西。故选B。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后有人告诉我有一个由安斯利·邦格经营的小陶瓷工作室。A. sold卖；B. visited参观；C. run经营；D. abandoned抛弃。根据上文“a small ceramic (陶瓷的) studio”和下文“Ansley makes 5 cups.”可知，这个工作室是由安斯利·邦格经营的。故选C。 例2. Nelson Mandela once said, “If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.” This quote(引语) 1 the power of language, and that’s why I’ve always enjoyed learning new languages. So far I’ve 2 a good knowledge of four languages. 【答案】1. C 2. D 【解析】 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这句引语反映了语言的力量，这也是我一直喜欢学习新语言的原因。A. misses错过；B. updates更新；C. reflects反映；D. weakens削弱。根据前文“Nelson Mandela once said, “If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.””以及后文“the power of language”可知，名言“反映”了语言的力量，契合引语的作用。故选C项。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，我已经熟练掌握了四门语言。A. judged判断；B. required要求；C. noticed注意到；D. acquired获得、掌握。根据前文“and that’s why I’ve always enjoyed learning new languages.”和后文的“a good knowledge of four languages”可知，作者通过学习“掌握”了四门语言，“acquire a good knowledge of”为固定搭配，意为“熟练掌握”。故选D项。 例3. One Sunday morning, I was busy with my homework when I heard a soft knock on my door. It was my mom, 1 a small box wrapped(包装) in colorful paper. “Happy birthday!” she said with a 2 . I had completely forgotten about my own birthday. 1. A. selling B. picking C. holding D. opening 2. A. pity B. smile C. cry D. letter 【答案】1. C 2. B 【解析】 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：是我的妈妈，拿着一个用彩色纸包着的小盒子。A. selling卖；B. picking挑选；C. holding拿着；D. opening打开。根据下文“a small box wrapped (包装) in colorful paper”可知，妈妈拿着一个盒子来给作者过生日，holding符合语境，故选C。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“生日快乐！”她微笑着说。A. pity遗憾；B. smile微笑；C. cry哭；D. letter信。根据上文“Happy birthday!”可知，妈妈给作者过生日，应该是带着微笑说，with a smile符合语境，故选B。 1. This is such a minor thing but it means so much to me. It occurred when I was 14. Back then, I was a(n) 1 . teenager struggling with a disturbing home environment and not having close friends made me feel 2 . 1. A. average B. unhealthy C. troubled D. quiet 2. A. let down B. left out C. held back D. burnt out 【答案】1. C 2. B 【解析】 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那时，我是一个陷入困境的青少年，令人不安的家庭环境以及没有亲密的朋友让我感到被忽视。A. average平均的；B. unhealthy不健康的；C. troubled陷入困境的；D. quiet安静的。根据后文“teenager struggling with a disturbing home environment and not having close friends”可知，作者家庭环境不好且没有亲密朋友，所以是陷入困境的青少年。故选C项。 2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：那时，我是一个陷入困境的青少年，令人不安的家庭环境以及没有亲密的朋友让我感到被忽视。A. let down使失望；B. left out被忽视；C. held back抑制；D. burnt out烧尽，筋疲力尽。根据前文“teenager struggling with a disturbing home environment and not having close friends”可知，家庭环境不好且没有亲密朋友，所以作者会感到被忽视。故选B项。 2. I never imagined I’d be in this situation. I could feel my windpipe(气管) slowly 1 as a high schooler squeezed my neck. How did I 2 here, lying on the floor, getting strangled (掐住脖子) by someone so young? 1. A. opening B. closing C. widening D. sharpening 2. A. end up B. turn up C. break up D. set up 【答案】1. B 2. A 【解析】 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能感觉到，当一个高中生掐住我的脖子时，我的气管正在慢慢闭合。A. opening打开；B. closing关闭；C. widening变宽；D. sharpening变锋利。根据上文“a high schooler squeezed my neck”可知，掐脖子会导致气管逐渐闭合。故选B。 2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我怎么会落到这般境地——躺在地板上，被一个如此年轻的人掐住脖子？A. end up最终处于；B. turn up出现；C. break up分手；D. set up建立。根据下文“lying on the floor, getting strangled (掐住脖子) by someone so young”可知，躺在地板上，被这么年轻的人掐住脖子是作者最终的状态。故选A。 3. A father-son pair became the focus of attention during Sunday’s Xin’anjiang Marathon in Zhejiang province. The father, 45-year-old Luo Shujian ran the marathon while pushing a three-wheeled cart 1 his 13-year-old son Xiaobai, who was diagnosed with cerebral palsy(大脑性麻痹) six months after he was born in 2009. What’s worse, he 2 a severe form of epilepsy(癫痫) at the age of three. 1. A. dragging B. carrying C. covering D. protecting 2. A. pretended B. charged C. developed D. abandoned 【答案】1. B 2. C 【解析】 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位45岁的父亲罗书坚推着一辆三轮车，车上载着他2009年出生、出生6个月后就被诊断出患有脑瘫的13岁儿子小柏。A. dragging拖拽；B. carrying运送，携带；C. covering覆盖；D. protecting保护。根据上文“pushing a three-wheeled cart”及下文“his 13-year-old son Xiaobai”可知，此处指罗书坚推着三轮车，三轮车的作用是载着儿子。故选B。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，他在三岁时患上了严重的癫痫。A. pretended假装；B. charged收费，指控；C. developed患(病)；D. abandoned抛弃。根据下文“a severe form of epilepsy (癫痫) at the age of three”可知，此处指儿子患上了严重的癫痫。故选C。 4. When I was a child, my mum liked to prepare food for dinner every now and then. And I clearly remember one night when she made 1 after a long, hard day at work. 【答案】1. C 【解析】 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我清楚记得有一晚，她在漫长辛苦的工作后做了晚饭。A. tea茶；B. breakfast早餐；C. dinner晚餐；D. lunch午餐。根据上文“my mum liked to prepare food for dinner”以及下文“after a long, hard day at work”可知，作者的母亲做了晚餐。故选C。 5. Last year, Ms. Lopez, a math teacher in California, faced a familiar 1 : how to meet the needs of 30 students with different learning paces. Some struggled with basic equations, while others, clearly bored 2 for more challenging problems. Then she tried an AI tutoring tool, and everything began to 3 . 1. A. dilemma B. standard C. record D. deadline 2. A. waited B. begged C. prepared D. competed 3. A. disappear B. repeat C. fail D. change 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 【解析】 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，洛佩兹女士(一位来自加利福尼亚的数学教师)遇到了一个常见的难题：如何满足30名学习进度各不相同的学生的学习需求。A. dilemma困境；B. standard标准；C. record记录；D. deadline最后期限。后文“how to meet the needs of 30 students with different learning paces.”提到满足30名不同学习进度学生的需求，这是老师常见的困境。故选A。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人对基本的算术题感到困难，而另一些人则显然感到无聊，于是纷纷渴求增加更具挑战性的题目。A. waited等待；B. begged恳求；C. prepared准备；D. competed比赛。根据后文“for more challenging problems”以及前文说部分学生觉得无聊，结合语境，他们会渴望更有挑战性的题目。beg for表示“恳求、渴望”，体现学生的主动需求。故选B。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她尝试了一款人工智能辅导工具，结果一切都开始“发生了变化”。A. disappear消失；B. repeat重复；C. fail失败；D. change改变。前文是老师的困境，后文“The AI system starts by assessing each student’s”讲AI工具带来的积极变化，因此“一切开始改变”。故选D。 考点二：语境推测法 例1. I was 1 that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek. I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. 1. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried 【答案】D 【解析】 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. surprised惊讶的，惊喜的；C. disappointed失望的；D. worried担忧的。根据空后儿子只有15个月大以及将绳子系在他腰间这一做法可推断出我是担心孩子落水。worried符合语境。 例2. Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it 1 . She and her husband have spent the last two years travelling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. 1. A. indoors B. online C. single-handed D. full-time 【答案】D 【解析】 A. indoors 在室内；B. online在网上；C. single-handed独自，单枪匹马地；D. full-time全日制，全部时间，全职。空后Jessica和她的丈夫在过去两年里环游世界，从巴黎到新加坡，在每一个地方停留。由此可知Jessica夫妇这两年全部的时间都在旅行。 例3. Earlier that evening, my mother called, telling me that my brother had been killed in a car crash. …, I tried to hold my tears. I 43 picked things up and put them down. 43. A. aimlessly B. helplessly C. quickly D. decisively 【答案】A 【解析】 考查副词词辨析。A. aimlessly漫无目的地；B. helplessly无助地；C. quickly快速地；D. decisively果断地。根据上句“I tried to hold my tears”和本句中的“picked things up and put them down”可推知，作者因为听到弟弟去世的噩耗而悲伤不已，乱了方寸。aimlessly“无目的地，无计划地”，符合语境。 1. I live in Sweden, where woodworking is a standard school curriculum(课程). I had invested a considerable amount of time and great effort into a project we were completing. Upon finishing, we were permitted to take our 4 home. A. assignments B. rewards C. tools D. creations 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：完成后，我们被允许把我们的作品带回家。A. assignments作业；B. rewards奖励；C. tools工具；D. creations作品。根据前文“I had invested a considerable amount of time and great effort into a project we were completing.”可知，作者投入时间和精力完成了一个项目，所以此处指把作品带回家。故选D项。 2. It all began when I took a trial class at a Brazilian jujutsu(柔术) academy. Though I’d been a fan of action movies and 1 by martial arts for years, I hadn’t done anything more 2 than running for a bus. My initial 3 was looking foolish in the uniform — gi. I worried I’d be laughed at. 4 , everyone was incredibly nice, even when I accidentally put my knee on someone’s neck. Eventually, I 5 my anxiety and bought a gift for practice. 1. A. limited B. touched C. shocked D. fascinated 2. A. athletic B. academic C. artistic D. economic 3. A. hope B. blessing C. concern D. doubt 4. A. Surprisingly B. Unfortunately C. Naturally D. Seriously 5. A. ignored B. overcame C. accepted D. forgot 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 【解析】 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我多年来一直是动作电影的粉丝，并且被武术深深吸引，但除了追公交车，我没有做过任何更具运动性的事情。A. limited限制；B. touched触摸；C. shocked震惊；D. fascinated吸引。根据上文“I’d been a fan of action movies”可知，作者一直是动作电影的粉丝，应是对武术有喜爱、被吸引。故选D。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我多年来一直是动作电影的粉丝，并且被武术深深吸引，但除了追公交车，我没有做过任何更具运动性的事情。A. athletic运动的；B. academic学术的；C. artistic艺术的；D. economic经济的。根据下文“running for a bus”可知，追公交车是唯一的运动相关行为。故选A。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最初的担忧是穿着柔术服——道服看起来很傻。A. hope希望；B. blessing祝福；C. concern担忧；D. doubt怀疑。根据下文“I worried I’d be laughed at”可知，最初的担忧是穿道服显得愚蠢。故选C。 4. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，每个人都非常友善，即便我不小心用膝盖撞到了别人的脖子。A. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；B. Unfortunately不幸地；C. Naturally自然地；D. Seriously严肃地。根据上文“I worried I’d be laughed at.”和下文“everyone was incredibly nice,”可知，上下文形成转折关系，surprisingly表示“令人惊讶地”符合语境。故选A。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，我克服了焦虑，买了一套道服用于练习。A. ignored忽视；B. overcame克服；C. accepted接受；D. forgot忘记。根据下文“bought a gift for practice”可知，作者克服了焦虑。故选B。 3. Luo was told his son’s 1 requires lifelong care. With help from charities, Xiaobai’s condition 2 after taking medication. Most of the time, he has to stay at home, but Luo has always wanted to take his son to see a wider world and been 3 by the story of Dick Hoyt — taking his son Rick with cerebral palsy to over 1,000 races. Then, the 4 had their first try at the 7-kilometer mini marathon event in 2015. He found that Xiaobai was 5 and happy, laughing and clapping his hands. The 6 response encouraged Luo to take his son to participate in 54 races in over 20 Chinese cities. 1. A. condition B. tension C. talent D. appetite 2. A. improved B. ensured C. conserved D. contributed 3. A. annoyed B. required C. interrupted D. inspired 4. A. group B. crowd C. pair D. team 5. A. surprised B. thrilled C. ashamed D. astonished 6. A. imaginative B. urgent C. perfect D. positive 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. D 【解析】 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：罗被告知他儿子的病情需要终身护理。A. condition状况，病情；B. tension紧张；C. talent天赋；D. appetite胃口。根据上文“who was diagnosed with cerebral palsy (大脑性麻痹) six months after he was born in 2009”和“a severe form of epilepsy(癫痫) at the age of three”可知，此处指代小柏“大脑性麻痹 + 癫痫”的健康状况，condition符合语境。故选A。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在慈善机构的帮助下，小柏服药后病情有所好转。A. improved改善，好转；B. ensured确保；C. conserved保护，保存；D. contributed贡献。根据下文“after taking medication”可知，服药后病情应是好转。故选A。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数时候，他不得不待在家里，但罗一直想带儿子去看看更广阔的世界，并受到迪克·霍伊特的故事的启发——他带着患有脑瘫的儿子里克参加了1000多场比赛。A. annoyed使恼怒；B. required要求；C. interrupted打断；D. inspired启发，鼓舞。根据下文“by the story of Dick Hoyt — taking his son Rick with cerebral palsy to over 1,000 races”可知，此处指罗受到迪克·霍伊特的故事的启发。故选D。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，这对父子在2015年首次尝试参加7公里的迷你马拉松比赛。A. group组，群；B. crowd人群；C. pair一对，一双；D. team队。根据上文“A father-son pair became the focus of attention”可知，此处指这对父子。故选C。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他发现小柏非常兴奋和开心，笑着拍手。A. surprised惊讶的；B. thrilled兴奋的；C. ashamed羞愧的；D. astonished震惊的。根据下文“and happy, laughing and clapping his hands”可知，小柏的情绪是兴奋的。故选B。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种积极的反应鼓励罗带着儿子参加了在中国20多个城市举行的54场比赛。A. imaginative富有想象力的；B. urgent紧急的；C. perfect完美的；D. positive积极的。根据上文“He found that Xiaobai was 7 and happy, laughing and clapping his hands”可知，上文“兴奋、开心、拍手”属于积极的反应。故选D。 考点三：上下文呼应法 例1. You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs. For many years,I enjoyed living with my dogs,Tilly and Chance.Their 41 (companionship) was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay,Nearly.Last year,I started dating,but with 42 (reservations).When I first dated Steve,I 43 (learned) he had a dog,Molly,and a cat,Flora.While I was 44 (thrilled) that he was an animal lover, I 45 (worried) that three dogs were perhaps too many,and my dogs might attack 46 ,the cat. 46.A.Flora B.Chance C.Molly D.Tilly 【答案】46. A 【解析】 此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击猫。根据上文“he had a dog,Molly,and a car,Flora”和设空处后the cat为同位语可知，此处应该填猫的名字。故选A。 例2. I hate lying to the kids.One day they'll 47 (wake up) and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48 . I wonder if 49 (parents) should always tell the truth no matter the 50 (consequences). I have a very strong 51 (fear) that the lie we're telling is doing 52 (spiritual) damage to our children. 48.A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D.fact 【答案】48. B 【解析】根据下文的I have a very strong 51 (fear)that the lie.并结合语境可知正确选项。 例3. Criticism is important, but you are going to have to keep on writing till you are 8 with your work.” 8. A. content B. strict C. patient D. exhausted 【答案】A 【解析】A. content满意的；B. strict严格的；C. patient耐心的；D. exhausted疲惫不堪的。句意：批评很重要，但你必须继续写作直到对你的作品很满意。criticism是对content反义提示。 1. Mr. Kere launched the School Bricks for Gando project and 28 raising money needed to build a school. 28. A. set about B. insisted on C. picked up D. looked into 【答案】A 【解析】A. set about开始；B. insisted on坚持；C. picked up拿起；D. looked into调查。句意：Mr. Kere启动了“甘多学校砖”项目，并着手筹集修建一所学校所需的资金。launch与set about近义词提示。 2. Although I enjoyed my new life and the time it freed up, there always seemed to be something missing. I thought it was a result of going from a high-activity career to a life of 21 . 21. A. depression B. leisure C. boredom D. enjoyment 【答案】B 【解析】A. depression抑郁；B. leisure闲暇；C. boredom无聊；D. enjoyment乐趣，享受。句意：我认为这是从高活力(high-activity)的职业转向悠闲(leisure)生活的结果。反义词提示。 3. Alicia Szostak was driving on the highway after midnight one morning. Suddenly, she saw a deer run into the 21 . 21. A. farm B. mountain C. road D. door 【答案】C 【解析】A. farm农场；B. mountain山；C. road公路；D. door门。根据前文Alicia zostak清晨时正在公路上开车，所以看见麋鹿跑到了公路上。highway与road同义词提示。 4. For the 21 of her first grandchild, my mom hand-knitted(手工编织) a lovely Christmas stocking. Two years later, a second grandchild arrived and Mom took out her knitting needles again. 21. A. arrival B. happiness C. benefit D. success 【答案】A 【解析】A. arrival 到达；B. happiness幸福；C. benefit好处；D. success成功。根据后文“her first grandchild”和“a second grandchild arrived and Mom took out her knitting needles again.”可知此处指的是母亲为第一个孙子的到来(arrival) 编织圣诞袜。同源词再现。 考点四：文化背景、生活常识法 例1. ...When she 53 (reached)one nurse,she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand.My colleague 54 (refused)to accept it,saying that we were all just 55 (doing)our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then 56 (replied): "Oh this isn't for the 57 (care)I had. I take that as a 58 (given). No,this is for setting my hair yesterday." And there you have it.To many people, 59 lives is part of the job but styling hair is an 60 (extra) and should be rewarded. 59.A.risking B.changing C.saving D.building 【答案】C 【解析】对许多人来说，挽救(saving)生命是医护人员工作的一部分。但是做头发是额外的事，应当得到酬谢。 例2. With traffic 43 (stopped) and no clear information on when the highway would reopen, some drivers abandoned their cars and set out on foot. Others, like Casey and Joe, turned off the 44 to save gas and seated themselves in their vehicles. 44. A. cooker B. engine C. window D. radio 【答案】B 【解析】A. cooker厨具；B. engine引擎；C. window窗户；D. radio收音机。结合常识为了省油关掉了引擎。 例3. My next move will be to 1 all my skills in pioneering work. I know there is no end to learning. I will live and learn. 1. A. quit B. reflect C. employ D. change 【答案】C 【解析】A. quit退出；B. reflect表现，反映；C. employ 应用，运用；D. change改变。结合常识可知作者要把之前在工作中积累的技能全部运用在自己的事业上。 1. figured that if something looked and 24 good then, chances were, it would taste great too. 24. A. smelt B. sounded C. remained D. felt 【答案】A 【解析】A. smelt闻起来； B. sounded 听起来好像；C. remained保持不变；D. felt感觉。结合做菜背景知识可知，看起来和闻起来都很好，那么它很可能尝起来也很好。 2. My wife and I were recalling the 34 (kindness) of the Uber driver and were so glad that we could give him a generous 35 . May his tribe grow. 35. A. discount B. mercy C. loan D. tip 【答案】D 【解析】A. discount折扣；B. mercy幸运，怜悯；C. loan贷款；D. tip小费。上文妻子和我回忆起优步司机的善良，结合常识，我们很高兴能给他一个慷慨的小费并希望优步司机的生意好。 3. My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ 21 my job. Family to feed. ” 21. A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished 【答案】A 【解析】A. Lost失去；B. Changed改变；C. Quit退出；D. Finished完成。结合常识，此处表示纸上写着“失业，要养活家人”，lose one’s job表示失业。 4. When the cashier 23 everything up and told her the cost, the woman’s face 24 (paled). It was obvious she didn’t have enough money. 23. A. used B. piled C. added D. mixed 【答案】C 【解析】A. use up用光；B. pile up堆积，积压；C. add up相加；D. mix up弄错。根据常识可知，收银员将所有物品价格加起来告知顾客。 5. Listening to our kids can help 34 emotional connections and boost their self-confidence. 34. A. strengthen B. beautify C. update D. replace 【答案】A 【解析】A. strengthen加强；B. beautify美化；C. update更新；D. replace取代。根据背景常识可知倾听我们的孩子可以帮助加强情感联系，增强他们的自信。 6. But Shaine cried when she learned older and disabled animals are often killed painlessly because they can’t walk and require extra 23 . 23. A. care B. duty C. recognition D. courage 【答案】A 【解析】A. care照顾；B. duty职责；C. recognition认可；D. courage勇气。根据常识可知，那些动物因为不能走路所以需要额外的照顾。 考点五：固定搭配，平行结构法 例1. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 (exposed). For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 (interpreted)as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures. 42.A.clever B.bad C.scared D.quick 【答案】B 【解析】根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest of their bodies..."和下段首句“ineffective hiding method”的提示可知，幼儿园小朋友不擅长躲藏。be bad at sth为固定搭配，意为“不擅长某事”。故选B。be clever at“擅长”;be scared at“害怕”;be quick at“很快做……”。 例2. Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them, there's something highly exciting about 41 someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen. 41.A.following B.taking C.escaping D.directing 【答案】C 【解析】由上文enjoy playing games of hide and seek可知孩子们喜欢玩捉迷藏游戏。设空处和下文making oneself unable to be seen是由and引导的两个并列的宾语，由此可知，设空处指避开(escaping)别人的视线，让自己不被人看到。故选C。 1. The next week we 47 (walked)our dogs together.It was a hot day.When we paused to catch our 48 , Steve got down on one knee. 48.A.breath B.balance C.attention D.imagination 【答案】A 【解析】 根据上文“It was a hot day.When we paused”可知，那天很热，遛狗的二人停下来休息一下，catch one's breath为固定搭配，意为“休息一下、喘口气”。故选A。 2. We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 47 (child) sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. 48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears 49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool 【答案】48. D 49. A 【解析】 48. 设空处前面的并列连词or与eyes形成并列结构。根据下文or hear the adult的提示可推断，此处指参加实验的成年人要捂住自己的眼睛或耳朵(ears),故选D。 49. 设空处后面的并列连词or与hear形成并列结构。根据上文covered her own eyes的提示可推断，此处要问受试儿童能否看见(see)那位成年人，故选A。 一、阅读理解 A Glasgow Doors Open Days Festival is a yearly event. During the festival, you can explore some of the city’s most historic buildings. This year, from October 16 to 22, you are invited to visit 122 different buildings. Booking All of our events are FREE to attend. However, some need to be booked in advance. Booking opens at 10 a.m. on October 1. Most events can be booked via www.glasgowdoorsopendays.org.uk. Hub This year, our festival hub is in the heart of the city, at the Garment Factory. The factory has been converted into a modern office. You can get help from volunteers there. They will give you more information about the programme and guide you through several exhibitions. Getting Around Bike You can rent a bike for free from South West Community Cycles on October 19 and 20, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Book via the SWCC website: www.southwestcommunitycycles.co.uk/events. Train Travelling by train is one of the quickest and easiest ways to get around. ScotRail offers a range of tickets, such as the new Glasgow DaysOut pass(车票). The pass includes two days of unlimited off-peak(非高峰期的) travel in and around Glasgow. The price is just £34 for a family of four. More information at www.scotrail.co.uk. Don’t forget to check out the national programme of Doors Open Days at www.doorsopendays.org.uk. The programme is held across Scotland every year. I. Choose the best answer. 1. Glasgow Doors Open Days Festival lasts _________. A. three days B. five days C. a week D. two weeks 2. James wants to book a building tour. He should book via _________. A. www.scotrail.co.uk B. www.doorsopendays.org.uk C. www.glasgowdoorsopendays.org.uk D. www.southwestcommunitycycles.co.uk/events 3. The festival hub _________. A. used to be an old office B. used to be a modern office C. is located in the centre of the city D. is far away from the centre of the city 4. According to the article, which of the following statements is true? A. Visitors can rent bikes for free from October 16 to 20. B. Glasgow Doors Open Days Festival is held every other year. C. The national programme of Doors Open Days is held across England. D. Glasgow Days Out pass includes two days of unlimited off-peak travel in and around Glasgow. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. C 4. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了格拉斯哥开放日节日的相关信息，包括活动时间、预订方式、节日中心地点以及出行方式等。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“This year, from October 16 to 22, you are invited to visit 122 different buildings.(今年，从10月16日到22日，我们邀请您参观122座不同的建筑)”可知，格拉斯哥开放日节日持续一周。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据Booking部分中“Most events can be booked via www.glasgowdoorsopendays.org.uk.(大多数活动可以通过www.glasgowdoorsopendays.org.uk预订)”可知，詹姆斯想预订一个建筑之旅，他应该通过www.glasgowdoorsopendays.org.uk预订。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据Hub部分中“This year, our festival hub is in the heart of the city, at the Garment Factory.(今年，我们的节日中心位于市中心的服装厂)”可知，节日中心位于市中心。故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据Train部分中“ScotRail offers a range of tickets, such as the new Glasgow DaysOut pass (车票). The pass includes two days of unlimited off-peak (非高峰期的) travel in and around Glasgow.(ScotRail提供一系列车票，如新的格拉斯哥一日游通行证。该通行证包括在格拉斯哥及其周边地区进行为期两天的无限次非高峰期旅行)”可知，格拉斯哥一日游通行证包括在格拉斯哥及其周边地区进行为期两天的无限次非高峰期旅行。故选D。 B The sound of my mother preparing breakfast fills the house — my morning alarm. As I walk toward the kitchen, I’m greeted by my mother standing over the cooker. She effortlessly cooks a dish that mixes Western and Eastern styles, a beloved breakfast classic in our family. This is my grandmother’s recipe(食谱). Since my grandmother’s passing, I’ve become more aware of my mother’s aging and her devotion to cooking for us. She has cooked for her family for more than 30 years, dividing her time between three countries — Korea, Canada and Germany. When my parents visit us from Korea, they stay with us for several months. My mother helps around the house, showing her cooking skills to provide delicious meals for me, my partner and our kids. In every other year, she and my dad will travel to Berlin to spend a couple of weeks with my sister and her partner. According to Statista, most Canadians report spending between 31 and 60 minutes preparing an average weekday dinner for themselves and others in their houses. Ten percent stated that they spend more than an hour preparing their evening meal. My mother belongs to that 10 percent. Her cooking goes beyond the kitchen, starting with careful grocery shopping trips where she examines produce and finds the best deals. She takes everyone’s preferences and needs into account. The meal she creates becomes a ritual (仪式), bringing the family together to connect and share. Helping her out in the kitchen requires a great deal of patience. Yet, I know it’s her way of expressing love. As I prepare the vegetables, she notices that my carrots are not evenly sized. She pushes me aside to take over the task. “Just do the dishes.” 5. What do we know about the author’s mother from paragraph 2? A. She has more than two children. B. She lives with the author in Korea. C. She has great cooking skills. D. She invented the family beloved breakfast classic. 6. What’s the purpose of listing data about meal preparation time? A. To present a common problem. B. To show her mother’s love. C. To stress the importance of home-cooked meals. D. To explain the reasons behind infrequent cooking. 7. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? A. Her mother dislikes being bothered. B. Her mother expects perfection in cooking. C. Her mother gets angry easily. D. Her mother wants to teach her everything. 8. Which is the best title for the text? A. Mother’s Recipe Is the Best in the World. B. Mother’s Love Needs to Be Responded to. C. Mother’s Selflessness Inspires My Family. D. Mother’s Kitchen draws Us Closer Together. 【答案】5. C 6. B 7. B 8. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了母亲为家人精心准备融合东西方风格的早餐，她三十年如一日地在多国间为家人烹饪，用美食传递爱，将家人紧密联系在一起。 5. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She effortlessly cooks a dish that mixes Western and Eastern styles, a beloved breakfast classic in our family. This is my grandmother’s recipe(食谱).( 她轻而易举地烹制出一道融合了西方与东方风格的菜肴，这道美食在我们家成了备受喜爱的早餐佳品。这是我祖母的食谱。)”可知，作者的母亲能够轻松地烹饪出融合了东西方风格的菜肴，展示了她的烹饪技能。选项C“She has great cooking skills.(她有很棒的烹饪技能)”符合题意。故选C项。 6. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“According to Statista, most Canadians report spending between 31 and 60 minutes preparing an average weekday dinner for themselves and others in their houses. Ten percent stated that they spend more than an hour preparing their evening meal. My mother belongs to that 10 percent.(根据Statista的数据，大多数加拿大人表示，他们平日里为自己和家中其他人准备晚餐需要花费31到60分钟。有10%的人表示，他们准备晚餐要花一个多小时。我母亲就属于这10%的人群。)”可知，这里列出关于准备餐食时间的数据，是为了突出作者的母亲在准备餐食上花费的时间远超过平均水平，属于那10%花费超过一小时准备晚餐的人。结合后文对母亲烹饪的描述，可以推断出列出这些数据的目的是为了展示母亲对家人的爱和投入。故选B项。 7. 词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“As I prepare the vegetables, she notices that my carrots are not evenly sized. She pushes me aside to take over the task. ‘Just do the dishes.’(当我准备蔬菜时，她注意到我的胡萝卜大小不一。她把我推开，自己接手了这项工作。“就去洗碗吧。”)”可知，当作者准备蔬菜时，母亲注意到作者的胡萝卜大小不一，于是她把作者推到一边，自己接手了这项任务，并让作者去洗碗。这个行为表明母亲对烹饪的细节有很高的要求，期望达到完美的效果。故划线句“Helping her out in the kitchen requires a great deal of patience. (在厨房里帮助她做事需要极大的耐心。)”与后文表述的意思一致，强调“母亲对烹饪的细节有很高的要求，期望达到完美的效果。”故选B项。 8. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“The meal she creates becomes a ritual (仪式), bringing the family together to connect and share.( 她精心准备的这顿饭逐渐成为了一种仪式，让全家人聚在一起，增进感情并分享彼此的快乐。)”以及通读全文可知，母亲烹饪的饭菜成为了一种仪式，将家人聚集在一起，增进联系和分享。这表明母亲的厨房是家人团聚和情感交流的中心。故选项D“Mother’s Kitchen draws Us Closer Together(母亲的厨房让我们更紧密地联系在一起)”符合题意，最能概括文章的标题。故选D项。 C Feeling bad after a favorite show ends is common, and it even has an informal name: post-series depression (PSD). Rita Kottasz, a marketing professor at Kingston University, describes PSD as “a feeling of emptiness and upset when something you love finishes”. This experience can be found in TV shows, books, or video games, creating a desire for more. The idea of PSD gained popularity on social media and fan blogs in the mid-2010s, especially during the Golden Age of TV. Kottasz prefers not to use the name PSD, instead calling it “consumer saudade”, a Portuguese word meaning nostalgic(怀旧的) longing. However, a journal editor told her to use PSD because its widely used outside of research. Kottasz and her co-workers published a research dividing the types of PSD based on interviews with fans who felt sad after their favorite things ended. Common emotions included frustration, disappointment, sadness, and emptiness. Some fans even felt that life was less complete or that they had lost “best friends”. While PSD is often connected to TV shows, Kottasz is exploring its connection to other media, such as the sudden break of K-pop band BTS(防弹少年团) and novels like Harry Potter. Younger people are more influenced than older ones, partially because companies like Netflix are always giving viewers new movies and shows. What might surprise many people is that binge-watching does not seem to cause PSD. Instead, long-term watching may be a factor. Kottasz thinks watching a show over several seasons or reading novels across many years strengthens a person’s relationship to the characters(人物). In her 2019 paper, she said a Harry Potter fan who started reading the series at age 9 and was "sadly left behind’ after the final book and film published years later. But it isn’t quite as simple as saying the end of a show or novel controls our emotion. Brian Kong, a Chicago-based psychologist, is worried that PSD might not imply(暗示) a cause and effect relationship between low moods and a program’s end. Instead, he says that when viewers experiencing lasting bad feelings, watching TV might be acting as an anesthetic(麻醉剂) for a deeper mental problem, like how some people with anxiety drink alcohol. In other words, the low mood already existed, and watching the series only masked it. 9. Which of the following is a common response among fans experiencing PSD? A. A fresh sense of purpose for life. B. A deep satisfaction after the show. C. A great sense of loss of best friends. D. A strong desire for a new hobby. 10. What does the underlined word “binge-watching” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Reviewing every detail of a TV show day and night. B. Watching many episodes(集) of a TV show at one time. C. Following the episodes of a TV show for a long time. D. Reading a book series while watching the TV adaptation (改編版). 11. What doe Brian Kong imply in the last paragraph? A. PSD covers up a deeper mental problem. B. Viewers with bad feelings like drinking alcohol. C. Watching TV is the main cause of low moods. D. Watching TV series can make mental problems worse. 12. What might the following paragraphs focus on? A. The solutions to post-series depression. B. The marketing(营销) strategies of TV shows. C. The difference between PSD and nostalgia. D. The influence of social media on fan emotions. 【答案】9. C 10. B 11. A 12. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“剧终抑郁(PSD)”这一常见现象，包括其定义、名称的由来、相关研究对其类型的划分、影响人群、可能的影响因素，以及心理学家对其成因的不同观点。 9. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Some fans even felt that life was less complete or that they had lost ‘best friends’.(一些粉丝甚至觉得生活变得不完整了，或者感觉失去了‘最好的朋友’)”可知，经历剧终抑郁的粉丝常见的反应之一是有失去最好朋友般的强烈失落感。故选C。 10. 词句猜测题。 根据第五段中“What might surprise many people is that binge-watching does not seem to cause PSD. Instead, long-term watching may be a factor.(让很多人惊讶的是， binge-watching似乎并不会导致剧终抑郁。相反，长期观看可能是一个因素)”可知，binge-watching与“长期观看”是不同的观看方式，结合常识可推测其意为“一次性观看多集电视剧”。 故选B。 11. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Brian Kong, a Chicago-based psychologist, is worried that PSD might not imply ( 暗示 ) a cause and effect relationship between low moods and a program’s end. Instead, he says that when viewers experiencing lasting bad feelings, watching TV might be acting as an anesthetic (麻醉剂) for a deeper mental problem, like how some people with anxiety drink alcohol. In other words, the low mood already existed, and watching the series only masked it.(芝加哥心理学家布莱恩・孔担心，剧集结束后低落情绪(PSD)或许无法说明低落情绪与剧集完结之间存在因果关系。他表示，相反，当观众正经历持续的不良情绪时，看电视可能只是在为某个更深层的心理问题充当 “麻醉剂”—— 就像有些焦虑症患者会借酒消愁一样。换句话说，低落情绪早已存在，观看电视剧只是将其掩盖了而已)”可知，PSD可能掩盖了更深层次的心理问题，看电视只是起到一种麻醉作用，而负面情绪原本就存在。故选A。 12. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Brian Kong, a Chicago-based psychologist, is worried that PSD might not imply ( 暗示 ) a cause and effect relationship between low moods and a program’s end. Instead, he says that when viewers experiencing lasting bad feelings, watching TV might be acting as an anesthetic (麻醉剂) for a deeper mental problem, like how some people with anxiety drink alcohol. In other words, the low mood already existed, and watching the series only masked it.(芝加哥心理学家布莱恩・孔担心，剧集结束后低落情绪(PSD)或许无法说明低落情绪与剧集完结之间存在因果关系。他表示，相反，当观众正经历持续的不良情绪时，看电视可能只是在为某个更深层的心理问题充当 “麻醉剂”—— 就像有些焦虑症患者会借酒消愁一样。换句话说，低落情绪早已存在，观看电视剧只是将其掩盖了而已)”以及上文可知，文章前面介绍了“剧后抑郁(PSD)”的定义、相关情况、引发因素等，最后提到它可能掩盖深层次心理问题，按照行文逻辑，接下来可能会聚焦于“剧后抑郁(PSD)”的解决办法。故选A。 D To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example seems oversimplified. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore, we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do”. Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to achieve his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a screaming is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults award some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves. In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players. Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success. 13. According to the passage, to teach a child to learn something, parents should ________. A. view from the child’s perspective B. simplify each action shown to the child C. follow the theory of imitation D. set a good example for the child to copy 14. Which of the following situation will lead a child to seek for a model? A. The child comes up with a solution to an issue. B. The child is blamed by parents for his/her wrongdoing. C. The child encounters a professional who can get the right result. D. The child is in trouble and cannot figure out an approach. 15. It can be inferred that children usually imitate people ________. A. whose talent and skill are extraordinary B. whose actions are consistent with theirs C. whom they want to be shaped into D. who enjoy a high social status 16. What is the passage mainly about? A. The reason for parenting by imitation. B. The factors determining children’s imitation. C. The significance of learning by imitation. D. The way children choose models. 【答案】13. A 14. D 15. C 16. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨儿童模仿学习的复杂性，分析儿童寻求模仿对象的场景、选择模仿对象的依据及社会评价对其模仿行为的影响。 13. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.(从孩子的角度来看。他处于一个新的情境中，没有现成的应对方法。他在寻求一种能达到特定目的的应对方式。如果他对这种情境没有现成的应对方法，也无法推理出该做什么，他就会观察一个似乎能得到正确结果的榜样。孩子会寻找一个能指导他该做什么的权威人士或专家。)”可知，要教孩子学习，家长应从孩子的角度出发，理解其在新情境中对榜样的需求，而非单纯设定榜样。故选A项。 14. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result.(他处于一个新的情境中，没有现成的应对方法。他在寻求一种能达到特定目的的应对方式。如果他对这种情境没有现成的应对方法，也无法推理出该做什么，他就会观察一个似乎能得到正确结果的榜样。)”可知，当孩子陷入困境且无法想出解决方法时，会寻求榜样。故选D项。 15. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players.(他会模仿那些看起来值得成为的人，而不是那些他希望避免拥有其社会地位的人。如果一个学生想成为一名优秀的小提琴手，他会观察并努力模仿有能力的演奏者的技巧。)”可知，儿童通常模仿那些他们希望成为的人。故选C项。 16. 主旨大意题。根据第一段指出“儿童模仿并非简单的‘有样学样’”，第二段分析“儿童在无应对方法时会寻求榜样”，第三段说明“社会评价会影响儿童的模仿行为”，第四、五段阐述“儿童会选择值得成为的人作为模仿对象”，结合全文内容可知，文章围绕“决定儿童模仿行为的多种因素”展开。故选B项。 二、完形填空 I sat by the window, flipping through William Wordsworth’s poem, The Prelude. In it, he 1 a dream where an Arab horseman carries a stone and a shell. The stone 2 science, the shell poetry. Both are in urgent danger, and Wordsworth firmly believes that poetry and imagination should hold 3 importance to reason and science in inspiring the human soul. Then, my thoughts turned to Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species. His theory 4 overturned the sense of human uniqueness, yet it revealed the profound 5 in all life. I closed my eyes and imagined myself walking through 19th-century London. Wordsworth and I stood by a quiet 6 . He stared into the distance and whispered, “Kristine, nature follows scientific laws yet carries poetic charm.” The lake shines as if in 7 . Next, I was in Darwin’s study. Buried in test samples and papers, he 8 and said, “Kristine, nature’s mysteries are everywhere. Every 9 tells a story of life. These flowers, so simple, are like silent poems.” Standing between them, I felt the conflict and 10 of science and poetry. Science is the 11 that shapes our understanding. 12 , poetry is the essence that brings it to life. They depend on each other, forming a complete picture of how humans 13 the world. Back in 14 , the noise of the city outside made me realize I’m living in the present, not the 19th century. I was filled with wonder for science and poetry. They are like 15 stars in the night sky, each shining brightly and lighting our way forward. 1. A. realized B. described C. kept D. pursued 2. A. dominates B. influences C. symbolizes D. disturbs 3. A. equal B. lasting C. particular D. cultural 4. A. probably B. simply C. eventually D. completely 5. A. differences B. connections C. improvements D. effects 6. A. lakeside B. seashore C. pathway D. grassland 7. A. sympathy B. surprise C. agreement D. harmony 8. A. tried out B. looked up C. stressed out D. checked in 9. A. adventure B. secret C. word D. species 10. A. integration B. peace C. struggle D. resolution 11. A. language B. solution C. foundation D. discipline 12. A. Otherwise B. Meanwhile C. Thus D. Besides 13. A. perceive B. change C. conquer D. save 14. A. return B. history C. time D. reality 15. A. north B. rising C. twin D. golden 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要通过阅读华兹华斯和达尔文的作品，探讨科学与诗歌的关系，认为二者相互依存，共同构成人类理解世界的方式。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在诗中，他描述了一个梦，梦里一个阿拉伯骑士拿着一块石头和一个贝壳。A. realized意识到；B. described描述；C. kept保持；D. pursued追求。 根据前文“I sat by the window, flipping through William Wordsworth’s poem, The Prelude.”可知，作者在翻阅诗歌，所以这里是指诗歌中“描述”了一个梦。故选B。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：石头象征科学，贝壳象征诗歌。A. dominates支配；B. influences影响；C. symbolizes象征；D. disturbs打扰。 根据后文“the shell poetry”可知，这里是将石头和贝壳分别与科学和诗歌对应起来，所以石头“象征”科学。故选C。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两者都处于紧急危险之中，华兹华斯坚信，在激发人类灵魂方面，诗歌和想象力应该与理性和科学具有同等重要的地位。A. equal相等的；B. lasting持久的；C. particular特别的；D. cultural文化的。 根据后文“importance to reason and science in inspiring the human soul”可知，这里说的是诗歌和想象力与理性和科学在激发人类灵魂方面有“同等”重要的地位。故选A。 4. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的理论彻底颠覆了人类独特性的观念，却揭示了所有生命之间深刻的联系。A. probably可能；B. simply仅仅；C. eventually最终；D. completely彻底地。根据后文“it revealed the profound 5 in all life.”可知，“颠覆观念”应是“彻底地”，体现达尔文理论的影响力，故选 D。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. differences不同；B. connections联系；C. improvements改进；D. effects影响。 根据后文“in all life”以及前文提到颠覆人类独特性观念，可知这里说的是揭示了所有生命之间的深刻“联系”。故选B。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：华兹华斯和我站在一个安静的湖边。A. lakeside湖边；B. seashore海边；C. pathway小路；D. grassland草地。 根据后文“The lake shines as if in...”可知，这里说的是站在“湖边”。故选A。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：湖水闪耀着，仿佛处于和谐之中。A. sympathy同情；B. surprise惊讶；C. agreement同意；D. harmony和谐。 根据前文“The lake shines as if in 7 ”可知，前文强调自然诗意，这里用拟人的手法，说湖水闪耀着仿佛处于“和谐”之中。故选D。 8. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：埋头于测试样本和论文中，他抬起头来说。A. tried out试验；B. looked up抬头看；C. stressed out紧张；D. checked in登记入住。 根据前文“Buried in test samples and papers”以及后文“said”可知，这里说的是埋头于工作后“抬头”说话。故选B。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一个物种都讲述着一个生命的故事。A. adventure冒险；B. secret秘密；C. word单词；D. species物种。 根据前文“I was in Darwin’s study.”以及后文“tells a story of life”可知，这里是在达尔文的研究室里，所以说的是每一个“物种”都讲述着一个生命的故事。故选D。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：站在他们中间，我感受到了科学与诗歌之间的冲突与融合。A. integration融合；B. peace和平；C. struggle斗争；D. resolution决心。 根据前文“conflict and”以及后文“They depend on each other”可知，这里说的是科学与诗歌之间的冲突与“融合”。故选A。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学是塑造我们理解的基础。A. language语言；B. solution解决方案；C. foundation基础；D. discipline纪律。 根据后文“that shapes our understanding”和“poetry is the essence that brings it to life”可知，科学为认知提供“基础”，与后文诗歌是“本质”形成呼应。故选C。 12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，诗歌是赋予它生命的精髓。A. Otherwise否则；B. Meanwhile与此同时；C. Thus因此；D. Besides此外。 根据前文“Science is the 11 that shapes our understanding.”以及后文“poetry is the essence that brings it to life.”可知，这里前后是并列关系，说的是“与此同时”诗歌是赋予科学生命的精髓。故选B。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们相互依赖，形成了人类如何感知世界的完整画面。A. perceive感知；B. change改变；C. conquer征服；D. save拯救。 根据后文“the world”以及前文提到科学与诗歌的关系，可知这里说的是它们形成了人类如何“感知”世界的完整画面。故选A。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：回到现实，外面城市的噪音让我意识到我生活在现在，而不是19世纪。A. return返回；B. history历史；C. time时间；D. reality现实。 根据后文“the noise of the city outside made me realize I’m living in the present, not the 19th century.”可知，这里说的是回到“现实”。故选D。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们就像夜空中的双子星，各自闪耀着光芒，照亮我们前进的道路。A. north北方的；B. rising上升的；C. twin双胞胎的；D. golden金色的。 根据后文“stars in the night sky, each shining brightly and lighting our way forward.”可知，这里将科学与诗歌比作夜空中的“双子星”，twin符合语境。故选C。 三、语法填空 Southwest China’s Yunnan province is a popular destination known for its temperate weather, natural scenery and folk customs. Dali and Lijiang remain top travel choices for both domestic and international tourists. Cangshan Mountain, rising above Dali, ___1___(feature) hiking trails winding through rhododendron 杜鹃花) forests. Since 2023, a new cable car has connected the mountain’s foothills to hidden meadows, offering breathtaking views of Erhai Lake below. Every visitor cycling along the lakeshore often stops at Bai ethnic villages ___2___(admire) traditional tie-dye techniques ___3___(pass) down for centuries. Lijiang’s UNESCO-listed Old Town, a captivating destination for both rich ethnic culture, scenic landscape and deep ___4___(spirit) connection to nature, has limited daily visitors ___5___ 50,000 since last year. Here live the Naxi people, ___6___ unique Dongba culture and traditions are well-preserved. Looking north from the Lijiang Old Town 15 kilometers away, the snow-covered mountain resembles a jade dragon ___7___(lie) in the clouds, hence, the name Jade Dragon Snow Mountain. Consisting of 13 peaks, it stretches a length of 35 km, 20 km wide, covered by snow all year round. What fascinates travelers most is ___8___ local communities maintain ancient traditions. In Shaxi Village midway between Dali and Lijiang, Friday markets still operate exactly ___9___ they did on the Tea Horse Road 800 years ago. Farmers trade Tibetan herbs, Yunnan coffee, and hand-woven fabrics while elderly musicians play the almost ___10___(forget) instruments. This harmonious coexistence of nature and culture makes Yunnan truly magical. 【答案】 1 features 2. to admire 3. passed 4 spiritual 5. to 6. whose 7. lying 8. that 9. as 10. forgotten 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了云南的一些著名景点。 1.考查时态。句意：苍山高耸于大理之上，徒步小径蜿蜒穿过杜鹃花森林。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语Cangshan Mountain是第三人称单数，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填features。 2.考查非谓语动词。句意：每个沿湖岸骑行的游客，常会在白族村寨驻足，欣赏传承了数百年的传统扎染技艺。句中已有谓语动词stops，空处应用非谓语动词，此处指停下来的目的是欣赏扎染技艺，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to admire。 3.考查非谓语动词。句意：每个沿湖岸骑行的游客，常会在白族村寨驻足，欣赏传承了数百年的传统扎染技艺。句中已有谓语动词stops，空处应用非谓语动词，pass down和逻辑主语traditional tie-dye techniques为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填passed。 4.考查形容词。句意：丽江古城被联合国教科文组织列入名录，这里兼具浓郁的民族文化、优美的自然风光，还能让人与自然产生深厚的精神联结，是一处极具吸引力的目的地。自去年起，古城每日游客数量已限制在5万人次。修饰名词connection，表示“精神的”应用形容词spiritual。故填spiritual。 5.考查介词。句意：丽江古城被联合国教科文组织列入名录，这里兼具浓郁的民族文化、优美的自然风光，还能让人与自然产生深厚的精神联结，是一处极具吸引力的目的地。自去年起，古城每日游客数量已限制在5万人次。结合句意，表达“把……限制在……”应用短语limit...to，to是介词。故填to。 6.考查定语从句。句意：这里居住着纳西族，他们独特的东巴文化和传统保存完好。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Naxi people，在从句中作Dongba culture的定语，与其是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填whose。 7.考查非谓语动词。句意：从15公里外的丽江古城向北望去，那座覆雪的山峰宛如一条卧在云端的玉龙，“玉龙雪山”之名便由此而来。句中已有谓语动词resembles，空处应用非谓语动词，lie和逻辑主语a jade dragon之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填lying。 8.考查连词。句意：最吸引游客的是当地社区保持着古老的传统。空处引导表语从句，从句成份和意义都完整，应用连接词that作引导词。故填that。 9.考查连词。句意：在大理与丽江之间的沙溪古镇，每周五的集市仍照常运营，其模样与 800 年前茶马古道上的集市别无二致。空后是一个完整的句子，因此空处应填连词，表示“像是……”，应用as引导方式状语从句。故填as。 10.考查非谓语动词。句意：农民们售卖藏药、云南咖啡和手工织物，与此同时，老年乐师们则演奏着那些近乎被遗忘的乐器。空处应用非谓语动词作定语修饰名词instruments，且forget和instrument是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填forgotten。 四、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校英文报正在开展以“课本中的精神力量”为主题的征文活动，要求结合高中英语课本中某一位给你印象深刻的人物，写一篇短文投稿，内容如下： 1. 介绍该人物及其精神品质； 2. 结合你的经历谈谈对你的影响。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The Spiritual Power from Helen Keller Among all the characters in my senior English textbook, Helen Keller stands out most, whose spiritual power has deeply influenced me. Born blind and deaf, Helen faced unimaginable hardships, but she never gave up. With the guidance of her teacher Anne Sullivan, she mastered reading, writing and even speaking, showing extraordinary perseverance and optimism. Her story hit home when I struggled with my English exam last term. I failed twice and almost quit, but Helen’s image popped into my mind — if she could overcome far greater difficulties, why couldn’t I? I started spending an extra hour each day practicing listening and writing and asked my teacher for help regularly. Finally, I got a B+ in the final exam. Helen taught me that no obstacle is insurmountable as long as we hold fast to hope and keep trying. This power will keep pushing me forward in my study and life. 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华身份写投稿短文，结合课本人物谈其精神品质及对自己的影响。 【详解】 1.词汇积累 面临：face → be faced with 克服：overcome → get over 影响：influence → have an influence on 牢牢地：fast → tightly 2.句型拓展 句型转换 原句：Her story hit home when I struggled with my English exam last term. 拓展句：It was when I struggled with my English exam last term that her story hit home. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】Among all the characters in my senior English textbook, Helen Keller stands out most, whose spiritual power has deeply influenced me.(运用了whose引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】Helen taught me that no obstacle is insurmountable as long as we hold fast to hope and keep trying.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和as long as引导的条件状语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $