焦点 06 阅读理解之议论文-备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之题型特训面面到（北京）

焦点06 阅读理解之议论文 备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之题型特训面面到 【题型解析】 A ①Most people follow others blindly. Some people feel it is safe to follow other people. In some rare cases it might be right, but in most cases this can make a big mistake. Ninety-five percent of people never succeed because they are following the wrong group. Actually, there are reasons why we shouldn’t follow others blindly. ②According to a study, people always follow others when they aren’t sure about the direction they should take. This means a large number of people could be following others without understanding what’s right and what’s wrong. This attracts more people to follow them and the result is that most people move in a certain direction even if it is wrong. ③A man who wants to be successful always hopes for guidance from others and he usually follows the same path as most people, but the question this man never asks himself is, “Are all of those people successful?” Of course not. If you want to follow a group, then follow a successful one. However, in real life you’ll only find one successful person among hundreds of people, and that’s why following others makes no sense at all. ④Most people act without thinking wisely. If you always follow others because they’re greater than you, then sooner or later you’ll discover that you’re making decisions you might regret later. ⑤However, should we never follow others? No. But just think wisely before you make a decision. If you find others are right, there is no problem with following them, but if you doubt the direction they’re moving in, don’t follow them blindly. 1．Why do most people like to follow others blindly according to the passage? A．Because they don’t want to be different. B．Because they believe it’s the safest and easiest choice. C．Because they’re sure to take the right direction. D．Because they want to make themselves successful. 2．Which sentence uses “rare” with the same meaning as in the passage? rare /reə(r)/ adj.①罕见的 ②珍贵的 ③半熟的 ④稀薄的 A．I’d like a medium rare beef steak. B．It’s rare to see such an interesting group of people. C．Pandas are very rare animals in the world. D．The rare air in Tibet makes it hard for visitors to breathe. 3．What’s the best structure (结构) of the passage? ①= Paragraph 1, ②= Paragraph 2, ③= Paragraph 3, ④= Paragraph 4, ⑤= Paragraph 5 A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Advantages of following others. B．Examples of following others. C．Reasons for not following others blindly. D．Ways of following others. B Do you often compare yourself to others? Do you always try to improve yourself just for others’ approval (认可)? If so, you may be having difficulty understanding your self-worth (自我价值). Self-worth is not about what you look like, what you achieve, or what others think of you. True self-worth comes from within. It means valuing yourself for who you are. When you truly understand your worth, you’ll be proud of being yourself. So, what can you do to develop a strong sense of self-worth? First, start by acknowledging things you do well. Maybe you always listen to friends and family patiently. Perhaps when facing problems, you always remain calm and try to solve them. No matter how small these things seem, noticing them and valuing them can help you think better of yourself. Another key step is to accept your weaknesses (不足). You can’t do everything perfectly. When you don’t do a good job, don’t be too hard on yourself. Instead, treat yourself kindly as you would treat a good friend in the same situation. View these weaknesses as chances to grow, not reasons to feel “not good enough”. Don’t connect your worth to those external factors (外部因素) like someone’s opinion or the result of a project. Base your sense of worth on who you are and what you do, such as your good personality and your hard work. Remember: Knowing your worth means fully accepting yourself. You are valuable for who you are, and you don’t need others to tell you that. 1．Which of the following questions does paragraph 2 answer? A．What does true self-worth mean? B．How does self-worth influence your life? C．How do you develop a strong sense of self-worth? D．What stops you from understanding your self-worth? 2．What does the underlined word “acknowledging” mean in English? A．Forgetting. B．Comparing. C．Recognising. D．Finishing. 3．Alice has a strong sense of self-worth. What will she probably say to herself if she doesn’t get a good score in a maths exam? A．“No one is sillier than me.” B．“There must be something wrong with my score.” C．“I will work hard, and I believe I’ll improve next time.” D．“No matter how hard I try, maths just isn’t my thing.” 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Try to be a better person B．Learn to accept your true self C．Value yourself for who you are D．Explore and achieve your life’s value C Think about the last time you went to an art or history museum. Which pieces of artifacts (artworks) stood out to you? Did you read the introduction next to them? Did it tell you where the artifacts were from and how the museums got them? Today, many museums around the world own art and artifacts that were stolen or looted (掠夺) from their original countries during war or colonial rule (殖民统治). You may see ancient Chinese paintings shown in the British Museum, or sculptures from Africa that date back to the 19th century on display in the Louvre Museum. Many countries have asked European museums to repatriate the artifacts. The debate (争论) over whether and how museums should return artifacts to their original countries has been going on for many years. Those who suggest returning all foreign artifacts to their homes insist that it is morally (道义上) the right thing to do. Furthermore, the country owning the objects will receive an important part of their heritage (遗产) back, and these artifacts will be given a chance to be truly valued in homeland. Yet there are different voices. Those against the return point out that some foreign artifacts were not stolen but bought a long time ago. Also, it is sometimes hard to identify (确认) the true owners of certain artifacts—should they be returned to the country, a group or an individual? There is also a view that culture is a shared treasure and the artifacts are in fact“cultural ambassadors (大使)” that improve understanding. They believe that while taking them away from their countries of origin was wrong, history is full of “good” and “bad” actors. Moreover, they feel that keeping the cultural objects in the current museums has kept millions of artifacts safe from damage. On the matter of return, some governments have made the move. In 2018, French President Emmanuel Macron told officially that France would give back 26 looted treasures to the African state of Benin. “I cannot accept that a large part of cultural heritage from several African countries is in France,” said Macron. It’s said to be part of France’s long-promised plans to return artifacts taken from Africa during the colonial rule. Museums all across Europe began reconsidering their previous policies (之前的政策) on colonial treasures. In France, twenty-seven artifacts had been identified for return, but only one has been returned. Then, on October 6, 2020, France’s National Assembly officially passed a bill (法案) promising the return of these heritage artifacts, but didn’t fix a certain date. It seems that there is still a long way to go for the return of foreign heritage treasures. 1．People who consider foreign artifacts as “cultural ambassadors” may agree that________. A．mistakes in history need correcting in time B．heritage artifacts belong to all the human beings C．artifacts will be better protected in their homeland D．history museum tours will be popular in the future 2．The underlined word “repatriate” in paragraph 2 probably means________. A．protect B．display C．return D．borrow 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．French museums refused to identify all the colonial treasures. B．Policies and bills have no use in protecting foreign heritage treasures. C．The treasures stolen or looted can hardly be back to their homeland soon. D．Governments have the duty to keep foreign treasures in good protection. 4．By writing this passage, the writer wants to________. A．explain how and why many foreign treasures were stolen or looted B．advise governments to take actions in returning foreign treasures C．encourage us to take part in the debate over stolen or looted treasures D．show different views and present situation on the return of treasures D A character in one of Shakespeare’s plays once said, “Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.” Any of these could apply to the modern day sportsmen. Many still argue about the nature of their talent. Some say that people are born to be sportsmen, while others say it is only through hard work that they achieve their abilities. Regardless of the opinions, true greatness for them is only realized when their talents are acknowledged (承认) by the public. With this acknowledgement of their “greatness” come money, power, influence and responsibility. For better or for worse, like it or hate it, modern sportsmen are the role models of children worldwide. These children will grow up admiring their heroes, copying their every move, and wanting to be like them. With the influence of the media, this becomes even more common. So it is more important than ever for these sportsmen to recognize their responsibility. In the past few months, there have been many examples of questionable behaviors from sports stars. Present-day sports stars often mirror the less admirable aspects of society, which is often quickly pointed out by the self-righteous (自以为是的) media. It would be wrong for us to expect sportsmen to be perfect. It would also be wrong for us to think that their behavior is greatly worse than the sportsmen in the past. But with the all-seeing eye of modern media, it is a different world. So different standards must be expected. Of course there is no duty for sportsmen to be good role models. It’s totally their choice whether they consider their behavior appropriate (恰当的), as long as it complies with (遵守) the law. Furthermore, measuring the true influence their decisions have on their followers is absolutely impossible. Some will rise against their idols, seeing them in a new light and criticizing their actions. Others may copy their heroes’ actions, using them as a shield (挡箭牌) when making the same mistakes. It is certain that the actions of sportsmen will influence the lives of those who admire them. Present-day sportsmen are like role models in today’s world, and their actions are watched carefully by millions over the world. Some may complain against it, denying (否认) their influence on these children’s lives. Others may realize it but not respect it, while many may both realize it and respect it. In a word, you do not choose whether you are a role model. All you can do is to decide how to act when greatness is thrust upon you. 1．In Paragraph 1, the author tries to stress ________. A．sportsmen achieve success and greatness through their efforts B．there are two ways for people to achieve success and greatness C．the important qualities for the sportsmen to become great nowadays D．sportsmen become great when their gifts are recognized by people 2．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Most fans copy their heroes’ wrong actions when they don’t realize it. B．Sportsmen are self-righteous because the media makes them famous. C．The media sometimes overstresses the misbehavior of the sportsmen. D．Sportsmen have the right to behave as they wish when facing their fans. 3．The underlined phrase “thrust upon” most probably means ________. A．pulled off B．forced on C．related to D．removed from 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To remind the sportsmen of their social responsibilities. B．To advise the media to choose proper sport events to report C．To argue that sportsmen should be respected more as heroes. D．To inform the public that sportsmen are not suitable role models. A （2025·北京·中考真题） People are talking a lot about artificial intelligence (AI), viewing it as a force that could reshape how society works. But there is something important missing from this discussion. It isn’t enough to ask how it will change us. We also need to understand how we shape AI and what it can tell us about ourselves. Every AI model we develop mirrors our rules and expresses our beliefs. A few years ago, while looking for new workers, a famous company gave up an AI-powered tool after finding it unfavorable to women. The AI was not designed to behave this way, instead, it was influenced by the historical data (数据) favoring men. Similarly, a recent study found that lending algorithms (算法) often offer less favorable terms to colored people, worsening long-standing unfairness in money-lending business. In both cases, AI isn’t creating new biases (偏见), it is mirroring the ones that are already present. These reflections (反映) give us an important chance to take a close look at ourselves. By making these problems seen and more pressing, AI challenges us to recognize and address what causes algorithmic bias. As AI continues to develop, we must ask ourselves how we as average people want to shape its role in society. We should not only improve AI models, but also make sure that AI is developed and used responsibly. A number of companies are already taking action. They are judging the data, rules, and beliefs that shape the behavior of AI models. Still, we cannot expect the companies to do all the work. As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the footprints of ourselves we leave in the world. I may value privacy, but if I give it up in a heartbeat to visit a website, the algorithms may make a very different judgment of what I really want and what is good for me. If I want meaningful human connections yet spend more time on social media and less time in the physical company of my friends, I am indirectly training AI models about the true nature of humanity. As AI becomes more powerful, we need to take increasing care to read our principles (原则) into the record of our actions rather than allowing the two to diverge. Recognizing this allows us to make better decisions, but only when we are prepared to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. 1．Why does the writer introduce the two examples in Paragraph 2? A．To suggest a solution. B．To stress a difference. C．To challenge a practice. D．To support a viewpoint. 2．What does the word “diverge” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Improve. B．Appear. C．Separate. D．Repeat. 3．According to the passage, what is a good example of shaping AI responsibility? A．Guarding one’s privacy against AI models. B．Being mindful of our feeds into AI models. C．Training algorithms to favor the latest data. D．Designing algorithms to deal with unfairness. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．AI Isn’t the Problem; We Are B．AI: A Tool to Reshape Our Society C．More Open algorithms for Better AI? D．Building Trust in Human-AI Relationships B （2024·北京·中考真题） Almost everyone has experienced the feeling of discomfort when their actions do not agree with their inner values. A man, for example, values work-life balance yet works 80 hours every week, caring little about his own health and family. Another example is a boy who holds his parents’ love dear but gets angry at them in a moment of stress; or a woman who hopes to live healthily but gives in to the attraction of fast food during moments of weakness. This disagreement can lead to serious results, such as worsening relationships, limited personal growth, and self-doubt. The emotional effects of feeling out of control and unable to live up to our own standards can also be deeply harmful. The shame and upset that go along with these feelings often force us into silence, resulting in more self-doubt. One reason for this silence might be that admitting (承认) to these behaviors can feel like showing a weakness or mistake that society tells us should be kept hidden. What’s more, recognizing this disagreement requires coming face to face with uncomfortable truths about ourselves—a process that is as discouraging as it is necessary for growth. Recognizing and addressing these behaviors can provide a possibility of change. By looking into the causes of our behaviors, we can begin to understand our actions more easily and work toward sticking to our beliefs. Research supports the idea that recognizing this disagreement, together with mindfulness and open communication, can help with this process. These methods help us slow down, reflect (反思), and choose behaviors that follow our values more closely, even in the face of old habits or immediate needs. The key to dealing with this disagreement lies in compassion (同情) for ourselves and others. By developing a culture of openness and by understanding the challenges of aligning behaviors with beliefs, we can begin to break down what prevents us from having conversation and change. Admitting that this disagreement is a shared part of the human experience can enable us to speak openly, find support, and take necessary steps toward the agreement between our inner world and our actions. While the disagreement between our inner values and actions may be common, through reflection, understanding and purposeful practice, we can bridge the divide and set out on a journey of self-discovery. 1．Why does the writer use the examples in Paragraph 1? A．To stress an unavoidable need. B．To show a result of the wrong values. C．To describe a common human experience. D．To introduce a change in people’s relationships. 2．What does the word “aligning” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Matching. B．Comparing. C．Mixing. D．Confusing. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Discomfort forces us to give up our beliefs. B．Our behaviors weaken our understandings of life. C．Open communication makes it possible for us to change. D．Keeping silent allows us time to live up to our standards. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to stay true to their beliefs. B．To prove the importance of having the right values. C．To compare different ways to deal with discomfort. D．To discuss the influence of people’s improper actions. A （2025·北京丰台·二模） No one wants to be seen as a liar. Liars are considered untrustworthy at best and immoral at worst. And yet, we keep lying to ourselves all the time. “I’ll enjoy this sleeve of Oreos today because my diet starts tomorrow,” I might tell myself. Or even — ironically — “I am always honest with myself.” Few people are completely honest with others. Research from the University of Massachusetts on undergraduate students found that 60 percent lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation, and many lied several times. No one is completely honest with themselves, because, the truth hurts. Sometimes, people engage in (参与) self-deception to protect their ego (自尊) or gather courage. For example, if you are not good at public speaking, you might try to increase your courage before a scary presentation by talking to yourself, “I am a great public speaker!” However, to fake it till you make it is one thing; to fake it forever, even to yourself, is entirely different. Such is the case if your success at work or school is the result of cheating but you choose to chalk it up to your own merit (优秀品质). All that self-deception takes a lot of work to maintain (保持). It is costly not only because avoiding problems can make them worse but also because the procrastinator (拖延者) must do the mental work of a task over and over, without reaping (获得) the rewards of actually getting it done. Why write “Change banks” on your to-do list for months on end instead of doing it once and being free of the task? Self-deception will never lead you to the deepest kind of satisfaction. That contentment can be found only within the true version of yourself. Personal integrity (正直) is absolutely necessary for personal progress, which psychologists show is a central element of happiness. Progress requires knowing honestly where you are compared with where you have been. If you ignore your flaws (缺点), you can’t correct them. Research shows that self-deception is connected with an inability to see our own flaws, which makes self-improvement harder. Refusing to admit that I am a bit neurotic(神经质的) might make me feel better in the moment, but it also discourages me from undertaking efforts to change for the long-term good of myself and those around me. 1．Why does the author use the example of Oreos in Paragraph 1? A．To prove that eating snacks affects people’s dieting plans. B．To show a common form of self-deception in daily life. C．To stress the popularity of Oreos among dieters. D．To explain why lying to others is harmful. 2．What does the underlined phrase “chalk it up to” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Add it up to. B．Think of it as. C．Take it away from. D．Write it down as. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Making a to-do-list helps avoid lying to yourself. B．Never-ending satisfaction results in self-deception. C．Self-deception is a harmless way to protect their ego. D．Admitting our flaws is important for self-improvement. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to stop lying to themselves. B．To introduce a new study about self-deception. C．To tell people to see and correct their flaws. D．To show the bad effects of self-deception. B （2025·北京海淀·二模） Do we use technology, or does it use us? Do our gadgets (设备) improve our lives or just make us weak and lazy? These are old questions, maybe older than you think. Back in 370 BC, Socrates warned that writing could hurt memory. After all, if we write things down, do we still need to remember them? We’ve always greeted new technologies with a mixture of fascination and fear. In 1931, John Bakeless wrote that it was time to ask, “How far is the use of machines something calling for vigorous resistance; and how far is it a good thing, to which we may willingly give in?” The technology that alarmed him might seem, to us, laughably low-tech: printing machines. “It is a curious fact,” he wrote, “we have overlooked the machine’s deep influence on the human mind.” He was particularly worried about how technology was used by the media to control what people thought and talked about. For the first time, he believed, a world-wide public opinion was becoming possible. About 50 years later, as telephone answering machines became common, some people worried that machines, while useful, were encouraging self-centered thoughts and actions, resulting in social isolation (隔绝). In 2017, musician and thinker David Byrne said that social media allowed us to stay “connected” without meeting face-to-face. But he also stressed it would increase divisions by strengthening echo effects—people only hear ideas they already believe. Just last year, Will Douglas warned that AI tools would destroy children’s critical thinking skills. But maybe it’s time we pause and ask: do our fears about new technologies come to pass? Most of the time, no. Throughout history, we’ve shifted between “Wow, this is amazing!” and “It’s scary—this is going to change us in some negative way.” And then, something interesting happens—we get used to it and life goes on. Maybe the problem isn't technology at all; maybe it’s us. Technology doesn’t make us weak, lazy or foolish. It’s our fear of it that holds us back. The printing press, the telephone, and the Internet all seemed scary at first. Now, they’re just part of everyday life. If we are to ever create the ideal human society—one with enough time for art, music and science—it was unlikely we’d get it done without technology. We just need to make sure that technology serves us instead of the other way around. Just as Bakeless wrote back in 1931, “We must put the machine in its place.” 1．The words “vigorous resistance” in Paragraph 2 are closest in meaning to “________”. A．active attention B．strong opposition C．careful planning D．rapid spread 2．What is Bakeless’s opinion on the printing machines? A．They would cause a world-wide discussion. B．They were important tools for the news industry. C．They might help the media control people's minds. D．They encouraged self-centered thoughts and actions. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Socrates was right in warning about the effect of writing. B．Social media is sure to influence people in negative ways. C．AI tools have improved children's critical thinking ability. D．Worries about new technologies are actually unnecessary. 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To argue that technology is harmful to humans by nature. B．To remind people not to fear technology but to use it wisely. C．To teach us to create an ideal society with modern machines. D．To show the role of technology in the development of society. C （2025·北京朝阳·二模） If you’re thinking about what job you want in the future, it’s likely you’ve heard this one before: “Just do what you enjoy!” In today’s world, making money isn’t easy no matter what you do, so why not do something you truly enjoy? That may sound like a smart plan: You move somewhere with a low cost of living, and even if the thing you love doesn’t make much money, you can still live well. But in reality, things aren’t that simple. Passion (热情) alone can’t always carry you through. Doing the job you love can bring you great feelings when life is easy and you are in a cheerful state. However, things can go wrong when you feel tired, feel lonely or get sick. Passion alone may not be enough. At those times, you may begin to ask yourself: “Is this really the right life for me?” Thinking about the job opportunities you passed by, you might even wonder if giving up that better job you could have had was a smart choice. I completely understand how that feels. As a writer, I truly enjoy my work. But there are days—like today—when it’s outside, I haven’t slept well, and all I want is to stay in bed. Still, even when I don’t feel like it, I still sit down and write. Why? Because passion isn’t the only thing that drives me. I also have a sense of purpose. I know that my writing helps people, and that keeps me going—even when passion fades. Actually, I have been through it many times—when I sit at my desk, staring (盯着) at the empty screen, feeling lost or tired. Writing doesn’t always feel fun. But because I have a purpose, I get through it every time. Over time, I’ve learned that passion makes you excited at first, but purpose helps you keep going when things get hard. If you know your work helps others, even in a small way, it feels more meaningful. To find your purpose, you need to try different things. Do different jobs, talk to new people, explore new places, and see what makes you feel happy and useful. You don’t need to know all the answers right now, but you do need to keep learning and keep exploring. One day, you may find the place where your passion and your purpose come together. And when that happens, I hope you build a life and a job that you truly enjoy. 1．You will most probably enjoy your work in the long run if you ________. A．move to a place with an affordable cost of living B．choose a job that makes you feel excited every day C．enjoy your work while knowing why it matters to you D．follow your heart without caring about others’ opinions 2．What does the word “fades” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Grows slowly. B．Becomes weaker. C．Moves quickly. D．Stays the same. 3．What do you know about passion and purpose from the passage? A．Purpose usually comes before passion in jobs. B．Purpose is the key for people to lead a rich life. C．People make a smart plan with purpose and passion. D．People need purpose more than passion at hard times. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show how people can find their purpose in jobs. B．To explain why passion alone is not enough at work. C．To compare different ways of choosing jobs in modern times. D．To introduce the challenge of making good job choices in life. D （2025·北京朝阳·一模） In many areas of life, people compete even when it does not benefit them. Office workers stay late at work to avoid looking lazy. On social media, people feel pressured to post perfect photos. These situations all come from a problem called the theater effect, which explains why people find it hard to stop competing, even when it is unnecessary. The theater effect happens when one person tries to do better, forcing others to follow. In the end, everyone works harder, but no one truly benefits. Imagine watching a movie—if the people in front stand up, those behind must stand too. Finally, everyone is standing, but the view remains the same. A well-known experiment at Stanford University tested this idea. Researchers invited 200 people to bid (竞标) for a $100 bill. The highest bidder won, but the second-highest still had to pay. At first, bids were small, but as the price neared $100, people refused to stop. Some even bid more than $100 just to avoid losing their earlier bids. This irrational behavior shows that once competition begins, people realize that it’s hard to stop competing, even when it no longer makes sense. The theater effect comes from early human survival instincts (本能). Back then, the dopamine system (多巴胺系统) in our brain made us feel good about short-term success, like catching food, because it ensured survival. Today, this same system drives us to aim for victory in competitions—even when the results are meaningless. However, modern life is different. Today, while basic needs are no longer a big problem for us, we should learn to think clearly. Then how can we stop this kind of useless competition? First, we should know that we don’t need to win all the time to prove our value. Real growth means doing better than before, not better than others. Second, we should take a moment to ask ourselves, “Are we doing it because we truly enjoy it, or just because we are afraid to be left behind?” Another important point is to aim for meaningful goals, not just to win. Focus on what truly matters, and feel peace in your heart—that is how we find real happiness. So next time you feel pressured to “stand up”, just because others do, ask yourself: Is this really the best choice for me? 1．According to the passage, which is probably the example of the theater effect? A．A family enjoys a quiet dinner without surfing the internet. B．A company gives praise to workers for their continual efforts. C．People set a long-term goal to exercise more for better health. D．Students sign up for more classes because others are doing so. 2．What does the word “irrational” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Unreasonable. B．Worthless. C．Meaningful. D．Beneficial. 3．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．joining in competitions is a good way to show your value B．it is wise to stop and think before joining in a competition C．competition is important and always helps us move forward D．following others is a safe way to avoid making wrong choices 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare research findings on over-competition. B．To guide people to go for more successful achievements. C．To encourage people to care less about their basic needs. D．To advise readers to make choices that truly suit themselves. E （2025·北京顺义·一模） Should Sugary Drinks Be Banned (禁止)? How many sugary drinks do you drink a day? A number of recent studies have warned of the dangers of taking in too much sugar. But just how bad are these drinks for us? The consumption (消耗) of sugary drinks has been steadily increasing. In the 1970s, sugary drinks made up about 4% of US daily calorie intake; by 2001, that had risen to about 9%. These days, it’s about 327 calories a day, which is equal to about 2. 5 cans of cola, according to a study by the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention. On any given day, half the people in the US consume sugary drinks; 1 in 4 get at least 200 calories from such drinks; and 5% get at least 567 calories—equivalent to 4 cans of soda. Sugary drinks (soda, energy drinks, sports drinks) are the top calorie source in teens’ diets (226 calories per day), beating out pizza (213 calories per day). There’s a lot of evidence that sugary drinks can lead to serious medical complications, and even death. Research presented at an American Heart Association conference showed that 180, 000 deaths worldwide are linked to sugary drinks. “A large number of deaths each year are caused by drinking sugary drinks,” said Dr Gitanjali Singh, a postdoctoral research fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health. His research has linked the intake (摄入) of sugar-sweetened drinks to 133, 000 diabetes deaths, 44, 000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 6, 000 cancer deaths. “Our findings should push policy makers worldwide to make effective policies to reduce consumption of sugary drinks, such as taxation, mass-media campaigns, and reducing the availability of these drinks.” The increase in sugar consumption from sugary drinks can also lead to obesity. In turn, this can lead to diseases such as diabetes, cancer, fatty liver disease, dementia and heart problems. On top of that, research shows that carbonated drinks can cause both dental erosion and tooth decay. In response, the USDA has banned snack foods and sugary drinks in schools. The new law (under the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act) was passed by Congress in 2010 with broad bipartisan support. So, surely the logical thing would be to drink something healthier, such as orange juice. Well, apparently that might not be a good idea either. According to the American obesity expert Robert Lustig, orange juice is just sugar and is therefore, in his view, a “poison”. Lustig is the author of Fat Chance: The Bitter Truth about Sugar. “Calorie for calorie, 100% orange juice is worse for you than sugary sodas,” Lustig says. When you eat a whole apple, the sugar is “nicely balanced” by the fibre, giving the liver a chance to fully metabolise (新陈代谢) what’s coming in. However, when you down half a litre of apple juice, it brings a huge dose of energy straight to the liver. Of course, no one is suggesting you give up on your favorite drinks, but as with everything, drink in moderation (适量). And when in doubt, you can always try a bit of that transparent stuff that makes up about 60% of our bodies: water! 1．Why does the writer mention so many numbers in Paragraph 2? A．To discuss what effects sugary drinks have on health. B．To describe the types of sugary drinks people consume. C．To explain why sugary drinks have become more popular. D．To stress the increasing of sugary drinks people consume. 2．What does the word “poison” in Paragraph 7 most probably mean? A．Something good for energy. B．Something helpful for heart. C．Something harmful to health. D．Something unpleasant to taste. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Eating apples is healthier than drinking apple juice. B．Half the people in the world drink orange juice every day. C．Moderation in sugary drinks intake helps support good health. D．Many countries have taken action to ban sugary drinks in schools. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To remind us of the risk of consuming sugary drinks. B．To introduce the history of sugary drink consumption. C．To suggest limiting the intake of sugary drinks reasonably. D．To compare the intake of sugary drinks with that of water. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 焦点06 阅读理解之议论文 备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之题型特训面面到 【题型解析】 A ①Most people follow others blindly. Some people feel it is safe to follow other people. In some rare cases it might be right, but in most cases this can make a big mistake. Ninety-five percent of people never succeed because they are following the wrong group. Actually, there are reasons why we shouldn’t follow others blindly. ②According to a study, people always follow others when they aren’t sure about the direction they should take. This means a large number of people could be following others without understanding what’s right and what’s wrong. This attracts more people to follow them and the result is that most people move in a certain direction even if it is wrong. ③A man who wants to be successful always hopes for guidance from others and he usually follows the same path as most people, but the question this man never asks himself is, “Are all of those people successful?” Of course not. If you want to follow a group, then follow a successful one. However, in real life you’ll only find one successful person among hundreds of people, and that’s why following others makes no sense at all. ④Most people act without thinking wisely. If you always follow others because they’re greater than you, then sooner or later you’ll discover that you’re making decisions you might regret later. ⑤However, should we never follow others? No. But just think wisely before you make a decision. If you find others are right, there is no problem with following them, but if you doubt the direction they’re moving in, don’t follow them blindly. 1．Why do most people like to follow others blindly according to the passage? A．Because they don’t want to be different. B．Because they believe it’s the safest and easiest choice. C．Because they’re sure to take the right direction. D．Because they want to make themselves successful. 2．Which sentence uses “rare” with the same meaning as in the passage? rare /reə(r)/ adj.①罕见的 ②珍贵的 ③半熟的 ④稀薄的 A．I’d like a medium rare beef steak. B．It’s rare to see such an interesting group of people. C．Pandas are very rare animals in the world. D．The rare air in Tibet makes it hard for visitors to breathe. 3．What’s the best structure (结构) of the passage? ①= Paragraph 1, ②= Paragraph 2, ③= Paragraph 3, ④= Paragraph 4, ⑤= Paragraph 5 A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Advantages of following others. B．Examples of following others. C．Reasons for not following others blindly. D．Ways of following others. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】哲理感悟、议论文、意见/建议 【导语】本文作者论述了盲目跟从他人可能是一个大错误。百分之九十五的人不会成功，因为他们跟错了队。但是，这并不是意味着不能跟随他人，正确的做法是，在确定是否跟随他人之前必须三思而后行。 1．细节理解题。根据“Most people follow others blindly. Some people feel it is safe to follow other people.”以及“A man who wants to be successful always hopes for guidance from others and he usually follows the same path of most people”并结合选项可知，大多数人喜欢盲目地跟随他人是因为他们认为这是最安全、最简单的选择。故选B。 2．词句猜测题，根据“Some people feel it is safe to follow other people. In some rare cases it might be right, but in most cases this can make a big mistake.”可知，在某些罕见的情况下，跟随他人可能是正确的，但在大多数情况下，这可能会铸成大错。这里“rare”意为“罕见的”。选项B“看到这样一群有趣的人是罕见的。”中“rare”与文章中的意思相同。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。通读整篇短文可知，第1段是总体概述人们为什么喜欢跟从别人；第2、3、4段分别阐述了不要跟随他人的原因；第5段总述在跟随别人之前要三思而后行。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Actually, there are reasons why we shouldn’t follow others blindly.”以及全文可知，本文主要阐述了不要盲目跟随他人的原因。故选C。 B Do you often compare yourself to others? Do you always try to improve yourself just for others’ approval (认可)? If so, you may be having difficulty understanding your self-worth (自我价值). Self-worth is not about what you look like, what you achieve, or what others think of you. True self-worth comes from within. It means valuing yourself for who you are. When you truly understand your worth, you’ll be proud of being yourself. So, what can you do to develop a strong sense of self-worth? First, start by acknowledging things you do well. Maybe you always listen to friends and family patiently. Perhaps when facing problems, you always remain calm and try to solve them. No matter how small these things seem, noticing them and valuing them can help you think better of yourself. Another key step is to accept your weaknesses (不足). You can’t do everything perfectly. When you don’t do a good job, don’t be too hard on yourself. Instead, treat yourself kindly as you would treat a good friend in the same situation. View these weaknesses as chances to grow, not reasons to feel “not good enough”. Don’t connect your worth to those external factors (外部因素) like someone’s opinion or the result of a project. Base your sense of worth on who you are and what you do, such as your good personality and your hard work. Remember: Knowing your worth means fully accepting yourself. You are valuable for who you are, and you don’t need others to tell you that. 1．Which of the following questions does paragraph 2 answer? A．What does true self-worth mean? B．How does self-worth influence your life? C．How do you develop a strong sense of self-worth? D．What stops you from understanding your self-worth? 2．What does the underlined word “acknowledging” mean in English? A．Forgetting. B．Comparing. C．Recognising. D．Finishing. 3．Alice has a strong sense of self-worth. What will she probably say to herself if she doesn’t get a good score in a maths exam? A．“No one is sillier than me.” B．“There must be something wrong with my score.” C．“I will work hard, and I believe I’ll improve next time.” D．“No matter how hard I try, maths just isn’t my thing.” 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Try to be a better person B．Learn to accept your true self C．Value yourself for who you are D．Explore and achieve your life’s value 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】哲理感悟、议论文、意见/建议 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，围绕自我价值展开论述，指出真正的自我价值源自内心，阐述了培养强烈自我价值感的方法，强调要充分接受自己，认识到自身的价值。 1．推理判断题。根据“Self-worth is not about what you look like, what you achieve, or what others think of you. True self-worth comes from within. It means valuing yourself for who you are.”可知，第二段回答了真正的自我价值是什么的问题，故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Maybe you always listen to friends and family patiently. Perhaps when facing problems, you always remain calm and try to solve them. No matter how small these things seem, noticing them and valuing them...”可知，这里说的是要留意并重视自己做得好的事情，“acknowledging”意思是 “认识到，承认”，与 “Recognising”意思相近，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“Another key step is to accept your weaknesses (不足). When you don’t do a good job, don’t be too hard on yourself. Instead, treat yourself kindly as you would treat a good friend in the same situation. View these weaknesses as chances to grow”可知，有强烈自我价值感的人会把不足当作成长的机会，所以爱丽丝数学考试没考好可能会说 “我会努力学习，相信下次会进步”，故选C。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要围绕自我价值展开，强调真正的自我价值来自内心，要重视自身的本质，接受自己，所以“Value yourself for who you are”作为标题最合适，故选C。 C Think about the last time you went to an art or history museum. Which pieces of artifacts (artworks) stood out to you? Did you read the introduction next to them? Did it tell you where the artifacts were from and how the museums got them? Today, many museums around the world own art and artifacts that were stolen or looted (掠夺) from their original countries during war or colonial rule (殖民统治). You may see ancient Chinese paintings shown in the British Museum, or sculptures from Africa that date back to the 19th century on display in the Louvre Museum. Many countries have asked European museums to repatriate the artifacts. The debate (争论) over whether and how museums should return artifacts to their original countries has been going on for many years. Those who suggest returning all foreign artifacts to their homes insist that it is morally (道义上) the right thing to do. Furthermore, the country owning the objects will receive an important part of their heritage (遗产) back, and these artifacts will be given a chance to be truly valued in homeland. Yet there are different voices. Those against the return point out that some foreign artifacts were not stolen but bought a long time ago. Also, it is sometimes hard to identify (确认) the true owners of certain artifacts—should they be returned to the country, a group or an individual? There is also a view that culture is a shared treasure and the artifacts are in fact“cultural ambassadors (大使)” that improve understanding. They believe that while taking them away from their countries of origin was wrong, history is full of “good” and “bad” actors. Moreover, they feel that keeping the cultural objects in the current museums has kept millions of artifacts safe from damage. On the matter of return, some governments have made the move. In 2018, French President Emmanuel Macron told officially that France would give back 26 looted treasures to the African state of Benin. “I cannot accept that a large part of cultural heritage from several African countries is in France,” said Macron. It’s said to be part of France’s long-promised plans to return artifacts taken from Africa during the colonial rule. Museums all across Europe began reconsidering their previous policies (之前的政策) on colonial treasures. In France, twenty-seven artifacts had been identified for return, but only one has been returned. Then, on October 6, 2020, France’s National Assembly officially passed a bill (法案) promising the return of these heritage artifacts, but didn’t fix a certain date. It seems that there is still a long way to go for the return of foreign heritage treasures. 1．People who consider foreign artifacts as “cultural ambassadors” may agree that________. A．mistakes in history need correcting in time B．heritage artifacts belong to all the human beings C．artifacts will be better protected in their homeland D．history museum tours will be popular in the future 2．The underlined word “repatriate” in paragraph 2 probably means________. A．protect B．display C．return D．borrow 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．French museums refused to identify all the colonial treasures. B．Policies and bills have no use in protecting foreign heritage treasures. C．The treasures stolen or looted can hardly be back to their homeland soon. D．Governments have the duty to keep foreign treasures in good protection. 4．By writing this passage, the writer wants to________. A．explain how and why many foreign treasures were stolen or looted B．advise governments to take actions in returning foreign treasures C．encourage us to take part in the debate over stolen or looted treasures D．show different views and present situation on the return of treasures 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】议论文、文化保护 【导语】本文主要探讨了博物馆是否应将在战争或殖民统治时期掠夺的文物归还原属国这一问题，呈现了不同观点以及相关的现实情况。 1．细节理解题。根据“There is also a view that culture is a shared treasure and the artifacts are in fact ‘cultural ambassadors’ that improve understanding.”可知，认为文物是“文化大使”的人，会认同文物属于全人类这一观点，因为文化是共享的财富。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Today, many museums around the world own art and artifacts that were stolen or looted from their original countries ... Many countries have asked European museums to repatriate the artifacts.”以及后文围绕文物归还的争论，可推测“repatriate”意思是“归还”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Museums all across Europe began reconsidering their previous policies on colonial treasures ... but didn’t fix a certain date. It seems that there is still a long way to go for the return of foreign heritage treasures.”可知，被偷窃或掠夺的文物很难很快回到祖国。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章既阐述了支持文物归还和反对文物归还的不同观点，又介绍了文物归还的现实进展情况，所以作者写这篇文章是为了展示关于文物归还的不同观点和当前状况。故选D。 D A character in one of Shakespeare’s plays once said, “Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.” Any of these could apply to the modern day sportsmen. Many still argue about the nature of their talent. Some say that people are born to be sportsmen, while others say it is only through hard work that they achieve their abilities. Regardless of the opinions, true greatness for them is only realized when their talents are acknowledged (承认) by the public. With this acknowledgement of their “greatness” come money, power, influence and responsibility. For better or for worse, like it or hate it, modern sportsmen are the role models of children worldwide. These children will grow up admiring their heroes, copying their every move, and wanting to be like them. With the influence of the media, this becomes even more common. So it is more important than ever for these sportsmen to recognize their responsibility. In the past few months, there have been many examples of questionable behaviors from sports stars. Present-day sports stars often mirror the less admirable aspects of society, which is often quickly pointed out by the self-righteous (自以为是的) media. It would be wrong for us to expect sportsmen to be perfect. It would also be wrong for us to think that their behavior is greatly worse than the sportsmen in the past. But with the all-seeing eye of modern media, it is a different world. So different standards must be expected. Of course there is no duty for sportsmen to be good role models. It’s totally their choice whether they consider their behavior appropriate (恰当的), as long as it complies with (遵守) the law. Furthermore, measuring the true influence their decisions have on their followers is absolutely impossible. Some will rise against their idols, seeing them in a new light and criticizing their actions. Others may copy their heroes’ actions, using them as a shield (挡箭牌) when making the same mistakes. It is certain that the actions of sportsmen will influence the lives of those who admire them. Present-day sportsmen are like role models in today’s world, and their actions are watched carefully by millions over the world. Some may complain against it, denying (否认) their influence on these children’s lives. Others may realize it but not respect it, while many may both realize it and respect it. In a word, you do not choose whether you are a role model. All you can do is to decide how to act when greatness is thrust upon you. 1．In Paragraph 1, the author tries to stress ________. A．sportsmen achieve success and greatness through their efforts B．there are two ways for people to achieve success and greatness C．the important qualities for the sportsmen to become great nowadays D．sportsmen become great when their gifts are recognized by people 2．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Most fans copy their heroes’ wrong actions when they don’t realize it. B．Sportsmen are self-righteous because the media makes them famous. C．The media sometimes overstresses the misbehavior of the sportsmen. D．Sportsmen have the right to behave as they wish when facing their fans. 3．The underlined phrase “thrust upon” most probably means ________. A．pulled off B．forced on C．related to D．removed from 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To remind the sportsmen of their social responsibilities. B．To advise the media to choose proper sport events to report C．To argue that sportsmen should be respected more as heroes. D．To inform the public that sportsmen are not suitable role models. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】议论文、体育名人 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了现代运动员作为公众人物的责任和影响力，以及媒体对他们的行为进行监督的现象。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“true greatness for them is only realized when their talents are acknowledged by the public”可知，作者强调运动员的伟大在于公众对其天赋的认可。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第3段“Present-day sports stars often mirror the less admirable aspects of society, which is often quickly pointed out by the self-righteous media”可知，媒体有时会过度强调运动员的不良行为。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第1段“some have greatness thrust upon them”可知，有些人被强加伟大，“thrust upon”意为“强加于”。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕运动员的社会责任展开，尤其是最后一段“All you can do is to decide how to act when greatness is thrust upon you”点明主旨，提醒运动员认识到自己的责任。故选A。 A （2025·北京·中考真题） People are talking a lot about artificial intelligence (AI), viewing it as a force that could reshape how society works. But there is something important missing from this discussion. It isn’t enough to ask how it will change us. We also need to understand how we shape AI and what it can tell us about ourselves. Every AI model we develop mirrors our rules and expresses our beliefs. A few years ago, while looking for new workers, a famous company gave up an AI-powered tool after finding it unfavorable to women. The AI was not designed to behave this way, instead, it was influenced by the historical data (数据) favoring men. Similarly, a recent study found that lending algorithms (算法) often offer less favorable terms to colored people, worsening long-standing unfairness in money-lending business. In both cases, AI isn’t creating new biases (偏见), it is mirroring the ones that are already present. These reflections (反映) give us an important chance to take a close look at ourselves. By making these problems seen and more pressing, AI challenges us to recognize and address what causes algorithmic bias. As AI continues to develop, we must ask ourselves how we as average people want to shape its role in society. We should not only improve AI models, but also make sure that AI is developed and used responsibly. A number of companies are already taking action. They are judging the data, rules, and beliefs that shape the behavior of AI models. Still, we cannot expect the companies to do all the work. As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the footprints of ourselves we leave in the world. I may value privacy, but if I give it up in a heartbeat to visit a website, the algorithms may make a very different judgment of what I really want and what is good for me. If I want meaningful human connections yet spend more time on social media and less time in the physical company of my friends, I am indirectly training AI models about the true nature of humanity. As AI becomes more powerful, we need to take increasing care to read our principles (原则) into the record of our actions rather than allowing the two to diverge. Recognizing this allows us to make better decisions, but only when we are prepared to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. 1．Why does the writer introduce the two examples in Paragraph 2? A．To suggest a solution. B．To stress a difference. C．To challenge a practice. D．To support a viewpoint. 2．What does the word “diverge” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Improve. B．Appear. C．Separate. D．Repeat. 3．According to the passage, what is a good example of shaping AI responsibility? A．Guarding one’s privacy against AI models. B．Being mindful of our feeds into AI models. C．Training algorithms to favor the latest data. D．Designing algorithms to deal with unfairness. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．AI Isn’t the Problem; We Are B．AI: A Tool to Reshape Our Society C．More Open algorithms for Better AI? D．Building Trust in Human-AI Relationships 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】信息技术、议论文 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了人工智能如何反映人类社会中的偏见和不公平现象，并强调人类在塑造AI时需要承担的责任。文章通过具体案例说明AI并非独立产生偏见，而是反映了人类社会已有的问题，并呼吁人们通过自身行为来影响AI的发展方向。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“In both cases, AI isn’t creating new biases (偏见), it is mirroring the ones that are already present.”可知，作者认为AI并没有创造新的偏见，而是反映了已经存在的偏见。第二段中提到的招聘时由AI驱动的工具对女性更不利，贷款算法对有色人种更为不利，这两个例子印证了作者的观点，是为了支持“AI反映人类社会偏见”这一观点。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“we need to take increasing care to read our principles (原则) into the record of our actions rather than allowing the two to diverge.”可知，在人工智能发展的过程中，我们需要将我们的原则融入到我们的行动记录中，而不是让两者背道而驰。划线部分diverge意为“分歧，背离”，与Separate表达的意思相近。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the footprints of ourselves we leave in the world.”可知，只要AI是基于人类数据训练的，它就会反映人类行为。这意味着我们必须认真思考我们在世界上留下的足迹。作者认为人类应谨慎对待自身行为对AI的影响，即“注意我们对AI模型的输入”。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章核心观点是AI并非问题的根源，而是人类社会偏见的反映，因此人类需要为AI的发展负责。选项A“AI Isn’t the Problem; We Are”最贴合主旨。故选A。 B （2024·北京·中考真题） Almost everyone has experienced the feeling of discomfort when their actions do not agree with their inner values. A man, for example, values work-life balance yet works 80 hours every week, caring little about his own health and family. Another example is a boy who holds his parents’ love dear but gets angry at them in a moment of stress; or a woman who hopes to live healthily but gives in to the attraction of fast food during moments of weakness. This disagreement can lead to serious results, such as worsening relationships, limited personal growth, and self-doubt. The emotional effects of feeling out of control and unable to live up to our own standards can also be deeply harmful. The shame and upset that go along with these feelings often force us into silence, resulting in more self-doubt. One reason for this silence might be that admitting (承认) to these behaviors can feel like showing a weakness or mistake that society tells us should be kept hidden. What’s more, recognizing this disagreement requires coming face to face with uncomfortable truths about ourselves—a process that is as discouraging as it is necessary for growth. Recognizing and addressing these behaviors can provide a possibility of change. By looking into the causes of our behaviors, we can begin to understand our actions more easily and work toward sticking to our beliefs. Research supports the idea that recognizing this disagreement, together with mindfulness and open communication, can help with this process. These methods help us slow down, reflect (反思), and choose behaviors that follow our values more closely, even in the face of old habits or immediate needs. The key to dealing with this disagreement lies in compassion (同情) for ourselves and others. By developing a culture of openness and by understanding the challenges of aligning behaviors with beliefs, we can begin to break down what prevents us from having conversation and change. Admitting that this disagreement is a shared part of the human experience can enable us to speak openly, find support, and take necessary steps toward the agreement between our inner world and our actions. While the disagreement between our inner values and actions may be common, through reflection, understanding and purposeful practice, we can bridge the divide and set out on a journey of self-discovery. 1．Why does the writer use the examples in Paragraph 1? A．To stress an unavoidable need. B．To show a result of the wrong values. C．To describe a common human experience. D．To introduce a change in people’s relationships. 2．What does the word “aligning” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Matching. B．Comparing. C．Mixing. D．Confusing. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Discomfort forces us to give up our beliefs. B．Our behaviors weaken our understandings of life. C．Open communication makes it possible for us to change. D．Keeping silent allows us time to live up to our standards. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to stay true to their beliefs. B．To prove the importance of having the right values. C．To compare different ways to deal with discomfort. D．To discuss the influence of people’s improper actions. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】议论文、意见/建议、自我管理 【导语】本文介绍了人们在生活中会遇到很多实际行动违背自己内心价值观的情况，这会让我们感到不舒服，甚至带来严重后果，但只要通过反思、理解和有目的的实践，我们就可以弥合这种分歧，踏上自我发现之旅。 1．推理判断题。通读第一段可知，本段第一句提出了一个观点：几乎每个人都会经历实际行动违背内心价值观带来的不适感，下文列举了三个具体的例子。由此可推知，作者在第一段中举例子是为了具体描述这种普遍的人类经历。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“By developing a culture of openness and by understanding the challenges of aligning behaviors with beliefs, we can begin to break down what prevents us from having conversation and change.”可知，这里指通过发展一种开放的文化，通过理解使行为与信念保持一致的挑战，人们能够开始突破那些不利于我们进行对话和改变的障碍。上文一直在说行为与信念的“不一致”，由此可推知，此处的“挑战”应指使行为与信念保持一致。画线词应意为“使一致”，与A项意思相近。故选A。 3．推理判断题。通读第三段尤其是第三句“Research supports the idea that recognizing this disagreement, together with mindfulness and open communication, can help with this process.”可知，作者认为意识到这种分歧，再加上保持警觉，进行坦诚的沟通，可以使人们发生改变。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了人们在生活中会遇到很多实际行动违背内心价值观的情况，这会让我们感到不舒服，甚至带来严重后果，但只要通过反思、理解和有目的的实践，我们就可以弥合这种分歧，踏上自我发现之旅。由此可推知，作者写本文的目的是鼓励人们忠于自己的信仰，坚守本心。故选A。 A （2025·北京丰台·二模） No one wants to be seen as a liar. Liars are considered untrustworthy at best and immoral at worst. And yet, we keep lying to ourselves all the time. “I’ll enjoy this sleeve of Oreos today because my diet starts tomorrow,” I might tell myself. Or even — ironically — “I am always honest with myself.” Few people are completely honest with others. Research from the University of Massachusetts on undergraduate students found that 60 percent lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation, and many lied several times. No one is completely honest with themselves, because, the truth hurts. Sometimes, people engage in (参与) self-deception to protect their ego (自尊) or gather courage. For example, if you are not good at public speaking, you might try to increase your courage before a scary presentation by talking to yourself, “I am a great public speaker!” However, to fake it till you make it is one thing; to fake it forever, even to yourself, is entirely different. Such is the case if your success at work or school is the result of cheating but you choose to chalk it up to your own merit (优秀品质). All that self-deception takes a lot of work to maintain (保持). It is costly not only because avoiding problems can make them worse but also because the procrastinator (拖延者) must do the mental work of a task over and over, without reaping (获得) the rewards of actually getting it done. Why write “Change banks” on your to-do list for months on end instead of doing it once and being free of the task? Self-deception will never lead you to the deepest kind of satisfaction. That contentment can be found only within the true version of yourself. Personal integrity (正直) is absolutely necessary for personal progress, which psychologists show is a central element of happiness. Progress requires knowing honestly where you are compared with where you have been. If you ignore your flaws (缺点), you can’t correct them. Research shows that self-deception is connected with an inability to see our own flaws, which makes self-improvement harder. Refusing to admit that I am a bit neurotic(神经质的) might make me feel better in the moment, but it also discourages me from undertaking efforts to change for the long-term good of myself and those around me. 1．Why does the author use the example of Oreos in Paragraph 1? A．To prove that eating snacks affects people’s dieting plans. B．To show a common form of self-deception in daily life. C．To stress the popularity of Oreos among dieters. D．To explain why lying to others is harmful. 2．What does the underlined phrase “chalk it up to” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Add it up to. B．Think of it as. C．Take it away from. D．Write it down as. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Making a to-do-list helps avoid lying to yourself. B．Never-ending satisfaction results in self-deception. C．Self-deception is a harmless way to protect their ego. D．Admitting our flaws is important for self-improvement. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to stop lying to themselves. B．To introduce a new study about self-deception. C．To tell people to see and correct their flaws. D．To show the bad effects of self-deception. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】哲理感悟、议论文、精神品质 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了自我欺骗的现象和危害。 1．细节理解题。根据“And yet, we keep lying to ourselves all the time”可知，本段是讨论人们在生活中经常自己骗自己，因此举出吃完奥利奥再减肥的事例，是为了说明在生活中，自我欺骗的现象很常见。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Such is the case if your success at work or school is the result of cheating but you choose to chalk it up to your own merit”可知，如果你在工作或学习上的成功是作弊的结果，那么把作弊取得的成功记成自己的功劳，也是一种自我欺骗。chalk it up to表示“当做是，被认为是”，意思与think of it as一致。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Research shows that self-deception is connected with an inability to see our own flaws, which makes self-improvement harder.”可知，研究表明，自我欺骗与认识不到自己的缺点有关，这使得自我完善变得更加困难。因此，只有承认自己的缺点对于获得自我完善很重要。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讨论了自我欺骗的现象和危害，意在劝诫人们不要继续自我欺骗，鼓励人们正视缺点，实现自我提升。故选A。 B （2025·北京海淀·二模） Do we use technology, or does it use us? Do our gadgets (设备) improve our lives or just make us weak and lazy? These are old questions, maybe older than you think. Back in 370 BC, Socrates warned that writing could hurt memory. After all, if we write things down, do we still need to remember them? We’ve always greeted new technologies with a mixture of fascination and fear. In 1931, John Bakeless wrote that it was time to ask, “How far is the use of machines something calling for vigorous resistance; and how far is it a good thing, to which we may willingly give in?” The technology that alarmed him might seem, to us, laughably low-tech: printing machines. “It is a curious fact,” he wrote, “we have overlooked the machine’s deep influence on the human mind.” He was particularly worried about how technology was used by the media to control what people thought and talked about. For the first time, he believed, a world-wide public opinion was becoming possible. About 50 years later, as telephone answering machines became common, some people worried that machines, while useful, were encouraging self-centered thoughts and actions, resulting in social isolation (隔绝). In 2017, musician and thinker David Byrne said that social media allowed us to stay “connected” without meeting face-to-face. But he also stressed it would increase divisions by strengthening echo effects—people only hear ideas they already believe. Just last year, Will Douglas warned that AI tools would destroy children’s critical thinking skills. But maybe it’s time we pause and ask: do our fears about new technologies come to pass? Most of the time, no. Throughout history, we’ve shifted between “Wow, this is amazing!” and “It’s scary—this is going to change us in some negative way.” And then, something interesting happens—we get used to it and life goes on. Maybe the problem isn't technology at all; maybe it’s us. Technology doesn’t make us weak, lazy or foolish. It’s our fear of it that holds us back. The printing press, the telephone, and the Internet all seemed scary at first. Now, they’re just part of everyday life. If we are to ever create the ideal human society—one with enough time for art, music and science—it was unlikely we’d get it done without technology. We just need to make sure that technology serves us instead of the other way around. Just as Bakeless wrote back in 1931, “We must put the machine in its place.” 1．The words “vigorous resistance” in Paragraph 2 are closest in meaning to “________”. A．active attention B．strong opposition C．careful planning D．rapid spread 2．What is Bakeless’s opinion on the printing machines? A．They would cause a world-wide discussion. B．They were important tools for the news industry. C．They might help the media control people's minds. D．They encouraged self-centered thoughts and actions. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Socrates was right in warning about the effect of writing. B．Social media is sure to influence people in negative ways. C．AI tools have improved children's critical thinking ability. D．Worries about new technologies are actually unnecessary. 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To argue that technology is harmful to humans by nature. B．To remind people not to fear technology but to use it wisely. C．To teach us to create an ideal society with modern machines. D．To show the role of technology in the development of society. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】科学技术、议论文 【导语】本文主要探讨了人类对新技术的恐惧与适应，通过历史案例和辩证分析，揭示技术与人类关系的本质。 1．词义猜测题。根据“We’ve always greeted new technologies with a mixture of fascination and fear.”以及“ ‘How far is the use of machines something calling for vigorous resistance; and how far is it a good thing, to which we may willingly give in?’ ”可知，我们总带着即着迷又害怕的复杂心情迎接新技术，所提出的两个问题，是对机器使用不同态度的对比，一种是需要……的；另一种是可以欣然接受的。故划线部分“vigorous resistance”意为“强烈反对”。故选B。 2．观点态度题。根据第二段“He was particularly worried about how technology was used by the media to control what people thought and talked about.”可知，Bakeless担心印刷机被媒体用来控制人们的思想。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Maybe the problem isn’t technology at all; maybe it’s us. Technology doesn’t make us weak, lazy or foolish. It’s our fear of it that holds us back.”可知，作者认为人们对技术的担忧大多未成真，问题在于人类自身而非技术。故选项D“新技术的担忧其实不必要”符合作者观点。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文通过多个历史案例说明人们对技术的恐惧常被夸大，最终呼吁正确使用技术。选项B“为了提醒人们不要害怕技术而是要智慧使用它。”最能准确概括这一目的。故选B。 C （2025·北京朝阳·二模） If you’re thinking about what job you want in the future, it’s likely you’ve heard this one before: “Just do what you enjoy!” In today’s world, making money isn’t easy no matter what you do, so why not do something you truly enjoy? That may sound like a smart plan: You move somewhere with a low cost of living, and even if the thing you love doesn’t make much money, you can still live well. But in reality, things aren’t that simple. Passion (热情) alone can’t always carry you through. Doing the job you love can bring you great feelings when life is easy and you are in a cheerful state. However, things can go wrong when you feel tired, feel lonely or get sick. Passion alone may not be enough. At those times, you may begin to ask yourself: “Is this really the right life for me?” Thinking about the job opportunities you passed by, you might even wonder if giving up that better job you could have had was a smart choice. I completely understand how that feels. As a writer, I truly enjoy my work. But there are days—like today—when it’s outside, I haven’t slept well, and all I want is to stay in bed. Still, even when I don’t feel like it, I still sit down and write. Why? Because passion isn’t the only thing that drives me. I also have a sense of purpose. I know that my writing helps people, and that keeps me going—even when passion fades. Actually, I have been through it many times—when I sit at my desk, staring (盯着) at the empty screen, feeling lost or tired. Writing doesn’t always feel fun. But because I have a purpose, I get through it every time. Over time, I’ve learned that passion makes you excited at first, but purpose helps you keep going when things get hard. If you know your work helps others, even in a small way, it feels more meaningful. To find your purpose, you need to try different things. Do different jobs, talk to new people, explore new places, and see what makes you feel happy and useful. You don’t need to know all the answers right now, but you do need to keep learning and keep exploring. One day, you may find the place where your passion and your purpose come together. And when that happens, I hope you build a life and a job that you truly enjoy. 1．You will most probably enjoy your work in the long run if you ________. A．move to a place with an affordable cost of living B．choose a job that makes you feel excited every day C．enjoy your work while knowing why it matters to you D．follow your heart without caring about others’ opinions 2．What does the word “fades” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Grows slowly. B．Becomes weaker. C．Moves quickly. D．Stays the same. 3．What do you know about passion and purpose from the passage? A．Purpose usually comes before passion in jobs. B．Purpose is the key for people to lead a rich life. C．People make a smart plan with purpose and passion. D．People need purpose more than passion at hard times. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show how people can find their purpose in jobs. B．To explain why passion alone is not enough at work. C．To compare different ways of choosing jobs in modern times. D．To introduce the challenge of making good job choices in life. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】哲理感悟、议论文 【导语】本文主要通过个人经历和说理，指出职业选择需平衡热情与目的，尤其在困难时期，目的感是持续的动力。 1．细节理解题。根据“I’ve learned that passion makes you excited at first, but purpose helps you keep going when things get hard.”和“One day, you may find the place where your passion and your purpose come together. And when that happens, I hope you build a life and a job that you truly enjoy.”可知，此处说明如果工作能同时满足激情和目标才能让人真正长期享受。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“I know that my writing helps people, and that keeps me going—even when passion fades.”可知，我知道我的写作帮助了人们，这让我继续下去——即使激情消失了，故fade意为“消失”与选项B“变得更弱”意思相同。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Over time, I’ve learned that passion makes you excited at first, but purpose helps you keep going when things get hard.”可推知，此处强调困难时期目标更重要。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Passion (热情) alone can’t always carry you through.”和“Passion alone may not be enough.”及通读全文可知，全文围绕“仅凭热情不足，需结合目标感”展开，选项B“解释在工作中为何仅靠热情是不够的。”准确概括主旨。故选B。 D （2025·北京朝阳·一模） In many areas of life, people compete even when it does not benefit them. Office workers stay late at work to avoid looking lazy. On social media, people feel pressured to post perfect photos. These situations all come from a problem called the theater effect, which explains why people find it hard to stop competing, even when it is unnecessary. The theater effect happens when one person tries to do better, forcing others to follow. In the end, everyone works harder, but no one truly benefits. Imagine watching a movie—if the people in front stand up, those behind must stand too. Finally, everyone is standing, but the view remains the same. A well-known experiment at Stanford University tested this idea. Researchers invited 200 people to bid (竞标) for a $100 bill. The highest bidder won, but the second-highest still had to pay. At first, bids were small, but as the price neared $100, people refused to stop. Some even bid more than $100 just to avoid losing their earlier bids. This irrational behavior shows that once competition begins, people realize that it’s hard to stop competing, even when it no longer makes sense. The theater effect comes from early human survival instincts (本能). Back then, the dopamine system (多巴胺系统) in our brain made us feel good about short-term success, like catching food, because it ensured survival. Today, this same system drives us to aim for victory in competitions—even when the results are meaningless. However, modern life is different. Today, while basic needs are no longer a big problem for us, we should learn to think clearly. Then how can we stop this kind of useless competition? First, we should know that we don’t need to win all the time to prove our value. Real growth means doing better than before, not better than others. Second, we should take a moment to ask ourselves, “Are we doing it because we truly enjoy it, or just because we are afraid to be left behind?” Another important point is to aim for meaningful goals, not just to win. Focus on what truly matters, and feel peace in your heart—that is how we find real happiness. So next time you feel pressured to “stand up”, just because others do, ask yourself: Is this really the best choice for me? 1．According to the passage, which is probably the example of the theater effect? A．A family enjoys a quiet dinner without surfing the internet. B．A company gives praise to workers for their continual efforts. C．People set a long-term goal to exercise more for better health. D．Students sign up for more classes because others are doing so. 2．What does the word “irrational” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Unreasonable. B．Worthless. C．Meaningful. D．Beneficial. 3．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．joining in competitions is a good way to show your value B．it is wise to stop and think before joining in a competition C．competition is important and always helps us move forward D．following others is a safe way to avoid making wrong choices 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare research findings on over-competition. B．To guide people to go for more successful achievements. C．To encourage people to care less about their basic needs. D．To advise readers to make choices that truly suit themselves. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】哲理感悟、议论文 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，通过“剧场效应”理论解释了人们为何会陷入无意义的竞争，并结合实验和进化心理学分析其根源，最后提出避免无效竞争的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第1段“people compete even when it does not benefit them”及第2段“forcing others to follow”可知，该现象的核心是“因他人行为而被迫跟随”。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第3段实验描述“Some even bid more than $100 just to avoid losing…”，结合下划线词“irrational”的语境，可知这种行为是“不理智的”。选项A“Unreasonable”与之匹配。故选A。 3．观点态度题。根据第5段“we should take a moment to ask ourselves, “Are we doing it because we truly enjoy it, or just because we are afraid to be left behind?””和第6段“Is this really the best choice for me?”可知，作者支持审慎选择。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文通过分析“剧场效应”的弊端，最终呼吁读者“关注自身真实需求”。选项D“建议读者做出真正适合自己的选择”最契合写作目的。故选D。 E （2025·北京顺义·一模） Should Sugary Drinks Be Banned (禁止)? How many sugary drinks do you drink a day? A number of recent studies have warned of the dangers of taking in too much sugar. But just how bad are these drinks for us? The consumption (消耗) of sugary drinks has been steadily increasing. In the 1970s, sugary drinks made up about 4% of US daily calorie intake; by 2001, that had risen to about 9%. These days, it’s about 327 calories a day, which is equal to about 2. 5 cans of cola, according to a study by the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention. On any given day, half the people in the US consume sugary drinks; 1 in 4 get at least 200 calories from such drinks; and 5% get at least 567 calories—equivalent to 4 cans of soda. Sugary drinks (soda, energy drinks, sports drinks) are the top calorie source in teens’ diets (226 calories per day), beating out pizza (213 calories per day). There’s a lot of evidence that sugary drinks can lead to serious medical complications, and even death. Research presented at an American Heart Association conference showed that 180, 000 deaths worldwide are linked to sugary drinks. “A large number of deaths each year are caused by drinking sugary drinks,” said Dr Gitanjali Singh, a postdoctoral research fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health. His research has linked the intake (摄入) of sugar-sweetened drinks to 133, 000 diabetes deaths, 44, 000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 6, 000 cancer deaths. “Our findings should push policy makers worldwide to make effective policies to reduce consumption of sugary drinks, such as taxation, mass-media campaigns, and reducing the availability of these drinks.” The increase in sugar consumption from sugary drinks can also lead to obesity. In turn, this can lead to diseases such as diabetes, cancer, fatty liver disease, dementia and heart problems. On top of that, research shows that carbonated drinks can cause both dental erosion and tooth decay. In response, the USDA has banned snack foods and sugary drinks in schools. The new law (under the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act) was passed by Congress in 2010 with broad bipartisan support. So, surely the logical thing would be to drink something healthier, such as orange juice. Well, apparently that might not be a good idea either. According to the American obesity expert Robert Lustig, orange juice is just sugar and is therefore, in his view, a “poison”. Lustig is the author of Fat Chance: The Bitter Truth about Sugar. “Calorie for calorie, 100% orange juice is worse for you than sugary sodas,” Lustig says. When you eat a whole apple, the sugar is “nicely balanced” by the fibre, giving the liver a chance to fully metabolise (新陈代谢) what’s coming in. However, when you down half a litre of apple juice, it brings a huge dose of energy straight to the liver. Of course, no one is suggesting you give up on your favorite drinks, but as with everything, drink in moderation (适量). And when in doubt, you can always try a bit of that transparent stuff that makes up about 60% of our bodies: water! 1．Why does the writer mention so many numbers in Paragraph 2? A．To discuss what effects sugary drinks have on health. B．To describe the types of sugary drinks people consume. C．To explain why sugary drinks have become more popular. D．To stress the increasing of sugary drinks people consume. 2．What does the word “poison” in Paragraph 7 most probably mean? A．Something good for energy. B．Something helpful for heart. C．Something harmful to health. D．Something unpleasant to taste. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Eating apples is healthier than drinking apple juice. B．Half the people in the world drink orange juice every day. C．Moderation in sugary drinks intake helps support good health. D．Many countries have taken action to ban sugary drinks in schools. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To remind us of the risk of consuming sugary drinks. B．To introduce the history of sugary drink consumption. C．To suggest limiting the intake of sugary drinks reasonably. D．To compare the intake of sugary drinks with that of water. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】健康饮食、议论文 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了含糖饮料的危害以及是否应该禁止含糖饮料的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“The consumption of sugary drinks has been steadily increasing… On any given day, half the people in the US consume sugary drinks…”可知，作者列举了大量数据，目的是强调含糖饮料的消费量在不断增加。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第7段“orange juice is just sugar and is therefore, in his view, a ‘poison’”可知，Robert Lustig认为橙汁含糖量高，对健康有害。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第7段“When you eat a whole apple, the sugar is ‘nicely balanced’ by the fibre… However, when you down half a litre of apple juice, it brings a huge dose of energy straight to the liver”可知，吃整个苹果比喝苹果汁更健康。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。文章通过数据和专家观点，指出含糖饮料的危害，并建议适量饮用，最后推荐喝水。因此作者的主要目的是呼吁合理限制含糖饮料摄入（对应选项C）。选项A（提醒风险）是部分内容，但未涵盖建议部分。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $