Unit 4 Natural Disasters词性转换,核心单词,语法,句型练习-2025-2026学年高一英语人教版必修第一册

Unit 4 Natural Disasters 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习 (知识点全覆盖) 单词变形 1. n．&vt. 营救；救援→ n. 营救人员；救援人员 2. vi. 生存；存活　vt. 幸存；艰难度过→ n. 幸存者；生还者→ n. 幸存；生还 3. n. 死；死亡→ vi. 死；死亡→ adj. 死的；无生命的→ adj. 垂死的；临终的 4. n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克　vt. (使)震惊→ adj. 震惊的→ adj. 令人震惊的 5. vi.&vt. 呼吸→ n．呼吸 6. vt.&vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→ n. 振兴；复苏 7. vt. 遭受；蒙受　vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ n. 痛苦；苦难→ n. 受苦者 8. n. 智慧；才智→ adj. 明智的；有智慧的→ adv. 明智地；有智慧地 9. vt.&vi. 打扫；清扫→(过去式) →(过去分词) 10. vi.&vt. 侵袭；突击；击打　n. 罢工；罢课；袭击→(过去式) →(过去分词) 11. n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→ adj. 强大的；强有力的→ adj. 无力的；没有能力的；无权力的 12. vi.&vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→ n. 爆发 13. adj. 镇静的；沉着的　vt. 使平静；使镇静→ adv. 镇静地；沉着地 14. vt.&vi. 递送；传达　vt. 发表→ n. 递送；传达 15. n. 影响；结果；效果→ adj. 有效的 16. n. 长；长度→ adj. 长的→ vt. 加长 核心单词 1． n．灾难；灾害 2． vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动 3． n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 4． n．& vt.营救；救援 5． vt.损害；破坏n．损坏；损失 6． vt.摧毁；毁灭 7． n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) 8． n．& vt.破坏；毁坏 9． n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中 10． vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 11． vt.埋葬；安葬 12． n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 13． n．上下文；语境；背景 14． n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给 15． vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 16． n．管子；管道 17． adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 18． n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助 19． vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞 20． vt.& vi.打扫；清扫 一、单句语法填空 1．A series of policies has been adopted so far benefits the poverty-stricken people will enjoy. 2．The very museum we paid a visit to last week has a collection of ancient coins. 3．Sometimes, the parents complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. 4．Among them was Matthew Henson, an experienced explorer skills had been vital to their success. 5．I struggled to the door and tried to pull it open, but the force of the water wouldn’t let me do so. I looked around and grabbed a broom was floating behind me. 6．This is the baby you will look after. 7．Ghost fishing is what abandoned fishing tool does. It still catches fish, but no one benefits. Trapped fish die and attract scavengers (清道夫) also get caught, creating a vicious cycle. 8．A music video goes along with the song shows the baby hippo bouncing around, playing with her keeper, or spending time with her mother, Jona. 9．There was not much we could do when it was raining outside. 10．The book I bought yesterday is very interesting. 11．There are encouraging signs of an artistic (revive). 12．They were eventually (rescue) by helicopter. 13．New homes can be built from the stones, (brick) and beams of old ones. 14．A (power) snow storm is moving eastward. 15．Do you value (wise) or courage? 16．He whistled, surprised but not (shock). 17．The new leader hopes (unify) the country. 18．Man-made and natural (disaster) have disrupted the government’s economic plans. 19．His (die) was totally unexpected. 20． (strike) by his uplifting speech, the teacher awarded the first prize to him. 21．The value of life lies not in the (long) of days but how we make use of them. 22．With everyone’s (unify) efforts, all the people trapped were rescued before noon. 23．In 2004, one million people (affect) by the tsunami. 24．Tom’s uncle aided him in (get) a new job. 25．Officials demand that water and food (supply) to tsunami-hit areas. 26．At the end of the news, they often give you a (sum) of the main news stories. 27．The economy was in (ruin) after the war. 28． (crack) began to appear in the walls. 29．Lead is one of the softer (metal). 30．The great writer died, (leave) half of his works unfinished. 二、单词拼写 31．Each mistake we make can not only lead to pain and sorrow, but also can bring us growth and (智慧). 32．During the flood, hundreds of young people offered (志愿的，自愿的) assistance to distribute emergency supplies. 33．Generally speaking, the old are able to give us good advice due to their experience and (智慧). 34．In (总结), literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty. 35．We should make every (努力) to achieve our goals. 36．Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were (困住) and to bury the dead. 37．Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to (埋葬) the dead. 38．A strong earthquake hit Ecuador yesterday. The 7.8-magnitude earthquake   (损害) many buildings, and early reports said that about 230 people were killed and more than 1,500 were injured. 39．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday,   (袭击) Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. 40．In less than one minute, a large city lay in   (毁灭). 三、完成句子 41．Slowly, the city began to again. Tangshan started to   and get back up on its feet. 慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。唐山开始复苏和重新振作。 42．这项新政策将会影响当地的经济发展 The new policy will the local development. 43．灾难发生后，许多志愿者立即加入了救援工作。 After the happened, many volunteers joined the work immediately. 44．The injured man acted nothing . 那个受伤的男子行动起来仿佛什么事也没有一样。 45．我们仍在寻觅兼备所有必要才能的人。 combines all the necessary qualities. 46．这次文化节对所有参加的人来说都是一次难忘的经历。(who引导定语从句) The Cultural Festival was truly a memorable experience for all . 47．所以，如果有什么你特别想尝试的，请告诉我们。（that引导定语从句） So please let us know if there is something . 48．听到这个消息，他绝望地放下双手，愧疚如潮水般将他淹没。 Hearing the news, he threw down his hands in despair, and . 49．be doing. . . when. . . 正在做某事这时…… I with my three children water started filling my home. 当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。 50．Fisherman, tourists, hotels, homes and cars were away by huge caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. 渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车都被里氏9.0级强震引发的巨浪卷走。 四、语法填空 Natural disasters are events caused by natural phenomena (现象), resulting in heavy damage, environmental destruction, injuries and even 51 (lose) of life. These disasters at large 52 (group) into weather and climate-driven events and earth-driven events. Weather-related disasters often result 53 extreme weather conditions, among which heavy rainfall from hurricanes and typhoons gives rise to flooding. Earth-driven disasters, on the other hand, are from geological processes. Volcanic eruptions (火山爆发) release lava flows and 54 (harm) gases, endangering surrounding communities. The influence of natural disasters is beyond immediate destruction, destroying economies and leaving people homeless. After such events, 55 (affect) by challenges in providing emergency relief, rebuilding infrastructure (基础设施), and supporting residents, communities are always on the go. Worse still, 56 (follow) a disaster, many victims will suffer from long-term mental problems. While we cannot prevent these events, we can take active steps to prepare for them and lessen 57 (they) influence. In an attempt 58 (reduce) the effects of natural disasters, societies must make good preparations, including early warning systems 59 will keep residents informed of potential disasters, emergency response plans and disaster-resistant buildings. Additionally, education and awareness campaigns can help communities have 60 better understanding of the risks and how to respond effectively. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. In 2013, many people 61 (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear which appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea­ ice levels 62 (cause) by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distance 63 (find) food. Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”, 64 has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man­made” greenhouse effect. The “man­made” greenhouse effect has now become 65 big problem. There is strong and comprehensive evidence 66 the rise in temperature has led 67 an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide. In fact, news reports are 68 (frequent) broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses. Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long­-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. We as individuals can reduce our “carbon footprint” by 69 (restrict) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility 70 (seize) every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Natural Disasters 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习 (知识点全覆盖) 单词变形 1. rescue n．&vt. 营救；救援→rescuer n. 营救人员；救援人员 2. survive vi. 生存；存活　vt. 幸存；艰难度过→survivor n. 幸存者；生还者→survival n. 幸存；生还 3. death n. 死；死亡→die vi. 死；死亡→dead adj. 死的；无生命的→dying adj. 垂死的；临终的 4. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克　vt. (使)震惊→shocked adj. 震惊的→shocking adj. 令人震惊的 5. breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸→breath n．呼吸 6. revive vt.&vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→revival n. 振兴；复苏 7. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受　vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n. 痛苦；苦难→sufferer n. 受苦者 8. wisdom n. 智慧；才智→wise adj. 明智的；有智慧的→wisely adv. 明智地；有智慧地 9. sweep vt.&vi. 打扫；清扫→(过去式)swept→(过去分词)swept 10. strike vi.&vt. 侵袭；突击；击打　n. 罢工；罢课；袭击→(过去式)struck→(过去分词)struck/stricken 11. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj. 强大的；强有力的→powerless adj. 无力的；没有能力的；无权力的 12. erupt vi.&vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n. 爆发 13. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的　vt. 使平静；使镇静→calmly adv. 镇静地；沉着地 14. deliver vt.&vi. 递送；传达　vt. 发表→delivery n. 递送；传达 15. effect n. 影响；结果；效果→effective adj. 有效的 16. length n. 长；长度→long adj. 长的→lengthen vt. 加长 核心单词 1．disaster n．灾难；灾害 2．slide vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动 3．flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 4．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 5．damage vt.损害；破坏n．损坏；损失 6．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭 7．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) 8．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏 9．percent n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中 10．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 11．bury vt.埋葬；安葬 12．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 13．context n．上下文；语境；背景 14．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给 15．tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 16．pipe n．管子；管道 17．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 18．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助 19．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞 20．sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫 一、单句语法填空 1．A series of policies has been adopted so far benefits the poverty-stricken people will enjoy. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：到目前为止，一系列政策已经出台，这些政策将惠及贫困人群。定语从句修饰先行词policies，在从句作定语，故填whose。 2．The very museum we paid a visit to last week has a collection of ancient coins. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我们上周参观的那个博物馆里收藏着大量的古代硬币。先行词museum被very修饰，且在从句中作visit to的宾语，故用关系代词that引导。故填that。 3．Sometimes, the parents complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. 【答案】that/who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有时候，抱怨屏幕在家庭生活中扮演的角色的父母也会因为花太多时间在屏幕前而感到内疚。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是parents，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或who引导。故填that/who。 4．Among them was Matthew Henson, an experienced explorer skills had been vital to their success. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查关系代词。句意：在他们当中有 Matthew Henson，一位经验丰富的探险家，他的技能对他们的成功至关重要。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“Matthew Henson”，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰“skills”，表示“他的技能”，所以用关系代词“whose”。故填whose。 5．I struggled to the door and tried to pull it open, but the force of the water wouldn’t let me do so. I looked around and grabbed a broom was floating behind me. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我挣扎着走到门边，想把它拉开，但水的力量不让我这么做。我环顾四周，抓住了漂浮在我身后的一把扫帚。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是broom，指物，关系词在从句作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 6．This is the baby you will look after. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查关系代词的用法。句意：这是你会照顾的婴儿。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个关系代词来引导定语从句，修饰先行词the baby。由于关系代词在从句中作look after的宾语，可以使用whom。故填whom。 7．Ghost fishing is what abandoned fishing tool does. It still catches fish, but no one benefits. Trapped fish die and attract scavengers (清道夫) also get caught, creating a vicious cycle. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：幽灵钓鱼是废弃的钓鱼工具所做的事情。它仍然可以捕鱼，但没有人从中受益。被困的鱼死亡，吸引食腐动物，食腐动物也被捕获，形成恶性循环。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是scavengers，指物，关系词在从句作主语，应用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。 8．A music video goes along with the song shows the baby hippo bouncing around, playing with her keeper, or spending time with her mother, Jona. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：与这首歌配套的音乐视频展示了小河马蹦蹦跳跳、与饲养员玩耍或与妈妈Jona相处的温馨画面。空处引导定语从句，先行词为A music video，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填that/which。 9．There was not much we could do when it was raining outside. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：外面下雨的时候，我们没什么事可做。空处引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词much，关系词在从句中作宾语，只能用that引导，故填that。 10．The book I bought yesterday is very interesting. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the book，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作bought的宾语，可用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 11．There are encouraging signs of an artistic (revive). 【答案】revival 【详解】考查名词。句意：有令人鼓舞的迹象表明艺术界正在复苏。作介词的宾语，用名词revival，不可数。故填revival。 12．They were eventually (rescue) by helicopter. 【答案】rescued 【详解】考查动词的语态。句意：他们最终被直升机救了出来。主语“They”与动词“rescue”之间是被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词rescued与were构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填rescued。 13．New homes can be built from the stones, (brick) and beams of old ones. 【答案】bricks 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：新的房屋可以用旧房屋的石头、砖块和梁来建造。brick为可数名词，根据上文stones以及beams可知为复数作宾语。故填bricks。 14．A (power) snow storm is moving eastward. 【答案】powerful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一场威力强大的暴风雪正向东部移动。修饰名词storm用形容词powerful，作定语。故填powerful。 15．Do you value (wise) or courage? 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：你重视智慧还是勇气？根据空后or courage可知，空处需用名词与courage并列作宾语；wise的名词形式为wisdom，意为“智慧”，是不可数名词。故填wisdom。 16．He whistled, surprised but not (shock). 【答案】shocked 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他吹了声口哨，虽有些惊讶，却并未震惊。此处作状语，且修饰人，用形容词shocked，故填shocked。 17．The new leader hopes (unify) the country. 【答案】to unify 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位新领导人希望实现国家的统一。此处为短语hope to do sth.表示“希望做某事”，不定式作宾语。故填to unify。 18．Man-made and natural (disaster) have disrupted the government’s economic plans. 【答案】disasters 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：人为和自然灾害扰乱了政府的经济计划。disaster（灾难）为可数名词，根据Man - made and natural（人为的和自然的）可知，此处应表示多种灾难，应用复数形式作宾语。故填disasters。 19．His (die) was totally unexpected. 【答案】death 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的去世完全出乎意料。根据空前His可知，空处需用名词形式作句子的主语；die的名词形式为death，意为“死亡”，是不可数名词。故填death。 20． (strike) by his uplifting speech, the teacher awarded the first prize to him. 【答案】Struck 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：被他鼓舞人心的演讲打动，老师把一等奖颁给了他。根据空后awarded可知，句中已有谓语动词awarded，空处需用非谓语动词；strike与逻辑主语the teacher之间是被动关系，故应用过去分词形式作原因状语。strike的过去分词为struck，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Struck。 21．The value of life lies not in the (long) of days but how we make use of them. 【答案】length 【详解】考查名词。句意：生命的价值不在于时间的长短，而在于我们如何利用这些时间。根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用long的名词形式length，作lies in的宾语，为不可数名词，意为“长度”。故填length。 22．With everyone’s (unify) efforts, all the people trapped were rescued before noon. 【答案】unified 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在大家的共同努力下，所有被困人员在中午前都获救了。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，unified，表示“统一的；联合的”，unified efforts意为 “共同努力”，符合语境。故填unified。 23．In 2004, one million people (affect) by the tsunami. 【答案】were affected 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在2004 年，100万人受到海啸影响。所填词在句中作谓语，根据时间状语In 2004以及by the tsunami(被海啸)可知，所填词要用一般过去时的被动语态结构was/were+过去分词。主语one million people(一百万人)表示复数概念，be动词用were，affect的过去分词直接在词尾加-ed。故填were affected。 24．Tom’s uncle aided him in (get) a new job. 【答案】getting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：汤姆的叔叔帮助他找到了一份新工作。该句中aided为谓语动词，无连词，所以此处为非谓语动词作宾语，aid sb. in doing sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，所以此处使用动名词形式作宾语。故填getting。 25．Officials demand that water and food (supply) to tsunami-hit areas. 【答案】should be supplied/be supplied 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：官员们要求向海啸灾区提供水和食物。demand后面是that引导的宾语从句，从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。从句主语water and food和supply之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填should be supplied/be supplied。 26．At the end of the news, they often give you a (sum) of the main news stories. 【答案】summary 【详解】考查名词。句意：在新闻的最后，他们通常会给你一个主要新闻故事的总结。根据空格前的give you a可知，空格处应该用单数名词summary作宾语。故填summary。 27．The economy was in (ruin) after the war. 【答案】ruins 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：战后经济满目疮痍。结合句意以及提示词ruin可知，此处应为固定短语in ruins意为“成为废墟；严重受损的”符合句意。故填ruins。 28． (crack) began to appear in the walls. 【答案】Cracks 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：墙壁上开始出现裂缝。分析句子结构可知，crack为可数名词，意为“裂缝”，这里应用复数形式泛指多个裂缝，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Cracks。 29．Lead is one of the softer (metal). 【答案】metals 【详解】考查名词。句意：铅是较软的金属之一。根据空前形容词比较级softer以及one of可知，空处需填名词复数形式，构成固定短语“one of+形容词比较级+名词复数”，表示“……中较……的之一”，故空处应填所给名词metal的复数形式metals，表示金属的种类，作介词of的宾语。故填metals。 30．The great writer died, (leave) half of his works unfinished. 【答案】leaving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位伟大的作家去世了，留下他的一半作品未完成。逗号前后无连词，died是谓语动词，因此leave应用非谓语形式。The great writer与leave是主谓关系，“留下作品未完成”是“去世”的自然结果，故用现在分词leaving作结果状语。故填leaving。 二、单词拼写 31．Each mistake we make can not only lead to pain and sorrow, but also can bring us growth and (智慧). 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们所犯的每一个错误不仅会带来痛苦和悲伤，也能带给我们成长和智慧。此处空格与growth并列，作动词bring的宾语，应填入名词，根据汉语提示“智慧”，应为不可数名词wisdom，且为不可数名词。故填wisdom。 32．During the flood, hundreds of young people offered (志愿的，自愿的) assistance to distribute emergency supplies. 【答案】voluntary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：洪水期间，数百名年轻人提供了志愿援助，分发应急物资。分析句子结构可知，所填词表示“志愿的、自愿的”，作定语修饰名词assistance(援助)，要用形容词。voluntary作形容词，表示“志愿的、自愿的”，符合题干要求。故填voluntary。 33．Generally speaking, the old are able to give us good advice due to their experience and (智慧). 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：一般来说，老年人因其经验和智慧，能够给我们好的建议。根据“due to”以及“their experience and”可知，此空应是名词作宾语。汉语提示“智慧”的名词形式为wisdom，是不可数名词。故填wisdom。 34．In (总结), literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty. 【答案】summary 【详解】考查名词。句意：总之，文学是以真实与美好的形式来展现生活的。根据汉语提示及空前介词In可知，应填名词summary作宾语，in summary意为“总之”。故填summary。 35．We should make every (努力) to achieve our goals. 【答案】effort 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该尽一切努力去实现我们的目标。根据汉语提示“努力”以及“make every ...”可知，此空应填单数名词effort。make every effort to do sth.是固定短语，意为“尽一切努力做某事”。故填effort。 36．Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were (困住) and to bury the dead. 【答案】trapped 【详解】考查动词。句意：地震发生后不久，军队派遣了15万名士兵前往唐山，挖掘被困人员并埋葬死者。根据汉语提示“困住”可知，此处应用动词trap，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，those和trap为动宾关系，此处应用过去分词，与were构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填trapped。 37．Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to (埋葬) the dead. 【答案】bury 【详解】考查动词。句意：地震发生后不久，军队就调派了15万名士兵前往唐山，负责营救被困人员并掩埋遇难者。根据汉语提示可知用动词bury，上文为短语send sb. to do sth.。故填bury。 38．A strong earthquake hit Ecuador yesterday. The 7.8-magnitude earthquake   (损害) many buildings, and early reports said that about 230 people were killed and more than 1,500 were injured. 【答案】damaged 【详解】考查动词。句意：昨天，厄瓜多尔发生强烈地震。这场7.8级地震损坏了许多建筑物，早期报道称约230人死亡，1500多人受伤。根据汉语提示“损害”可知，此处使用动词damage，在句中作谓语，结合语境和前文“A strong earthquake hit Ecuador yesterday”可知，句子陈述过去的事实，应用一般过去时。 故填damaged。 39．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday,   (袭击) Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. 【答案】striking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：过去40年最强烈的地震引发的海啸昨日席卷亚洲多国海岸线，袭击了印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家。中文“袭击”用动词strike，定语从句中已有谓语crashed，故为非谓语，和主语之间是主动关系，用其现在分词作状语。故填striking。 40．In less than one minute, a large city lay in   (毁灭). 【答案】ruins 【详解】考查名词。句意：不到一分钟，一座大城市就沦为一片废墟。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“毁灭”应用ruin，为名词，lie in ruins，为固定搭配，意为“沦为废墟、处于毁灭状态”，符合语境。故填ruins。 三、完成句子 41．Slowly, the city began to again. Tangshan started to   and get back up on its feet. 慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。唐山开始复苏和重新振作。 【答案】 breathe revive itself 【详解】考查不定式和固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，第一空意为“恢复生机”，第二空意为“复苏”，“恢复生机”是breathe，begin to do意为“开始做某事”，因此breathe用原形；“复苏”是revive itself，start to do意为“开始做某事”，因此revive用原形，故填breathe，revive，itself。 42．这项新政策将会影响当地的经济发展 The new policy will the local development. 【答案】 affect economic 【详解】考查动词和形容词。根据句意以及句子结构可知，第一空“影响”需用动词原形，“affect”（及物动词，表“对……产生影响”）符合“will + 动词原形”的语法结构；第二空“经济发展”为名词短语，需用形容词“economic”（经济的）修饰名词 “development”，“economic development”是固定搭配，准确表达“经济发展”的含义。故分别填affect；economic。 43．灾难发生后，许多志愿者立即加入了救援工作。 After the happened, many volunteers joined the work immediately. 【答案】 disaster rescue 【详解】考查名词。空①作从句主语，表示“灾难”用名词disaster；空②作定语修饰名词work，表示工作内容“救援”，用名词rescue。故填①disaster；②rescue。 44．The injured man acted nothing . 那个受伤的男子行动起来仿佛什么事也没有一样。 【答案】 as if had happened 【详解】考查从句和虚拟语气。表示“仿佛”用as if，在句中引导方式状语从句，“发生”为动词happen，作从句谓语动词，结合主句谓语acted可知，从句陈述的内容与过去的事实相反，应用过去完成时表示虚拟语气。故填as；if；had；happened。 45．我们仍在寻觅兼备所有必要才能的人。 combines all the necessary qualities. 【答案】We are still looking for someone who 【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。根据汉语提示，表示“仍然”用still；表示“寻找某人”用look for someone，此处表示“仍在寻找”即现在正在发生的动作，故使用现在进行时；同时表示“兼备所有必要才能的人”用someone who combines all the necessary qualities，此处使用who引导定语从句，修饰先行词someone，引导词在从句中作主语，该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填We are still looking for someone who。 46．这次文化节对所有参加的人来说都是一次难忘的经历。(who引导定语从句) The Cultural Festival was truly a memorable experience for all . 【答案】who participated in it 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。分析句子结构可知，此处需要一个定语从句修饰先行词all（指人），关系词在从句中作主语，所以用who引导定语从句，“参加”可译为participate in，从句中缺少宾语，用it指代前面的The Cultural Festival，根据主句的was可知，从句也用一般过去时。故填who participated in it。 47．所以，如果有什么你特别想尝试的，请告诉我们。（that引导定语从句） So please let us know if there is something . 【答案】that you especially want to have a try 【详解】考查定语从句。“你特别想尝试的”需用that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“something”，因先行词为不定代词，关系代词只能用“that”，在从句中作宾语，表示“你”为you作主语，表示“特别”为especially作状语修饰谓语动词“想要”want，结合句中is可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为you，所以谓语动词为动词原形，表示“尝试”为have a try，根据want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”可知，此处使用动词不定式形式作宾语。故填that you especially want to have a try。 48．听到这个消息，他绝望地放下双手，愧疚如潮水般将他淹没。 Hearing the news, he threw down his hands in despair, and . 【答案】guilt flooded over him like a tidal wave 【详解】考查动词和名词。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“愧疚”应用guilt ，在本句中作主语；表示“将……淹没”应用flood over，且这里时态应与前句保持一致用一般过去时；表示“他”应用him，作宾语；表示“如潮水般”应用like a tidal wave，为介词短语作状语。故填guilt flooded over him like a tidal wave。 49．be doing. . . when. . . 正在做某事这时…… I with my three children water started filling my home. 当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。 【答案】 was having breakfast when 【详解】考查固定句型和时态，根据中英文提示，固定句型：be doing. . . when. . . 正在做某事这时……，“吃早饭”翻译为have breakfast，句子描述过去某一时间正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，主语是I，be动词用was，第一个空格处填was having breakfast；“这时”用连词when表示。故填was having breakfast；when。 50．Fisherman, tourists, hotels, homes and cars were away by huge caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. 渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车都被里氏9.0级强震引发的巨浪卷走。 【答案】 swept waves 【详解】考查固定短语、动词语态、名词。表示“卷走”用sweep away，主语Fisherman, tourists, hotels, homes and cars与sweep为被动关系，本空用过去分词swept，与空前的were构成一般过去时的被动语态。“巨浪” 用wave，不止一个，用复数waves，作by的宾语。故填swept和waves。 四、语法填空 Natural disasters are events caused by natural phenomena (现象), resulting in heavy damage, environmental destruction, injuries and even 51 (lose) of life. These disasters at large 52 (group) into weather and climate-driven events and earth-driven events. Weather-related disasters often result 53 extreme weather conditions, among which heavy rainfall from hurricanes and typhoons gives rise to flooding. Earth-driven disasters, on the other hand, are from geological processes. Volcanic eruptions (火山爆发) release lava flows and 54 (harm) gases, endangering surrounding communities. The influence of natural disasters is beyond immediate destruction, destroying economies and leaving people homeless. After such events, 55 (affect) by challenges in providing emergency relief, rebuilding infrastructure (基础设施), and supporting residents, communities are always on the go. Worse still, 56 (follow) a disaster, many victims will suffer from long-term mental problems. While we cannot prevent these events, we can take active steps to prepare for them and lessen 57 (they) influence. In an attempt 58 (reduce) the effects of natural disasters, societies must make good preparations, including early warning systems 59 will keep residents informed of potential disasters, emergency response plans and disaster-resistant buildings. Additionally, education and awareness campaigns can help communities have 60 better understanding of the risks and how to respond effectively. 【答案】 51．loss 52．are grouped 53．from 54．harmful 55．affected 56．following 57．their 58．to reduce 59．that/which 60．a 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自然灾害由自然现象引发，会造成多方面破坏。虽无法阻止，但可通过多种准备措施减轻影响，同时，教育和宣传活动也有助于社区应对灾害。 51．考查名词。句意：自然灾害是由自然现象引起的，造成重大损失、环境破坏、人员伤亡甚至生命损失的事件。根据空前的and可知，空处与前面的名词damage, destruction以及injuries为并列关系，它们在形式上应保持一致，故此空应是名词。lose是动词，意为“失去”，其名词形式loss意为“丧失”，loss of life是固定用法，表示“生命的丧失”。故填loss。 52．考查时态语态。句意：总的来说，这些灾害分为天气和气候驱动的事件和地球驱动的事件。空处是句中谓语。此句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。所给词group意为“把……分类”，与主语These disasters为动宾关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为复数。故填are grouped。 53．考查介词。句意：与天气有关的灾害往往是由极端天气条件引起的，其中飓风和台风带来的暴雨会引发洪水。分析句子可知，Weather-related disasters是extreme weather conditions引起的，前者是果，后者是因，应用固定搭配result from，意为“由……引起”。故填from。 54．考查形容词。句意：火山爆发释放出熔岩流和有害气体，危及周围的社区。空处是定语，修饰空后名词gases, harm可作动词或名词，意为“伤害，危害”，其形容词为harmful，意为“有害的”。故填harmful。 55．考查过去分词。句意：在这些事件发生后，社区在提供紧急救援、重建基础设施和支持居民方面面临挑战，总是忙忙碌碌。句中已有谓语 are，此空应是非谓语。动词affect与communities是动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语。故填affected。 56．考查现在分词。句意：更糟糕的是，灾难发生后，许多受害者将遭受长期的精神问题。句中已有谓语will suffer，此空应是非谓语。动词follow与many victims是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填following。 57．考查代词。句意：虽然无法阻止这些事件发生，但我们可以采取积极措施，提前做好准备，减少它们的影响。空处作定语，修饰空后的名词influence，应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 58．考查固定短语。句意：为了减少自然灾害的影响，社会必须做好准备，包括让居民了解潜在灾害的预警系统、应急响应计划和抗灾建筑。in an attempt to do sth.是固定短语，意为“试图做某事”。故填to reduce。 59．考查定语从句。句意：为了减少自然灾害的影响，社会必须做好准备，包括让居民了解潜在灾害的预警系统、应急响应计划和抗灾建筑。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，对空前名词短语warning systems进行修饰限定。先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 60．考查冠词。句意：此外，教育和提高认识运动可以帮助社区更好地了解风险以及如何有效地作出反应。have a better understanding of是固定短语，意为“对……有更好的理解”。故填a。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. In 2013, many people 61 (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear which appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea­ ice levels 62 (cause) by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distance 63 (find) food. Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”, 64 has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man­made” greenhouse effect. The “man­made” greenhouse effect has now become 65 big problem. There is strong and comprehensive evidence 66 the rise in temperature has led 67 an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide. In fact, news reports are 68 (frequent) broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses. Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long­-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. We as individuals can reduce our “carbon footprint” by 69 (restrict) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility 70 (seize) every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming. 【答案】 61．were shocked 62．caused 63．to find 64．which 65．a 66．that 67．to 68．frequently 69．restricting 70．to seize 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍地球变暖现象、成因及应对措施。 61．考查谓语动词。句意：在 2013 年，许多人被一张死去的北极熊的新闻照片震惊了，这只北极熊似乎是饿死的。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语为In 2013可知，此处为一般过去时，主语many people与shock之间是被动关系，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were +过去分词”，people是复数，所以be动词用were。故填were shocked。 62．考查非谓语动词。句意：专家声称，由气候变化引起的低海冰水平意味着这只熊不能像以前那样捕猎海豹了，所以它不得不走更远的距离去寻找食物。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰low sea­ice levels，low sea­ice levels与cause之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词caused作后置定语。故填caused。 63．考查非谓语动词。句意：专家声称，由气候变化引起的低海冰水平意味着这只熊不能像以前那样捕猎海豹了，所以它不得不走更远的距离去寻找食物。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，“travel greater distance”的目的是“find food”，所以此处使用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to find。 64．考查定语从句。句意：气候科学家经常提到一个关键的气候过程，叫做 “温室效应”，它有两个常见的含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是the “greenhouse effect”，在从句中作主语，指代物，所以用关系代词which。故填which。 65．考查冠词。句意：“人为”温室效应现在已经成为了一个大问题。problem是可数名词，big是以辅音音素开头的单词，此处表示泛指“一个大问题”，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 66．考查同位语从句。句意：有有力且全面的证据表明，气温上升已经导致了全球范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加。此处为连接词引导的同位语从句，是对evidence的具体内容的解释说明，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用连接词that，引导同位语从句。故填that。 67．考查固定搭配。句意：有有力且全面的证据表明，气温上升已经导致了全球范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加。此处是固定短语lead to，意为“导致”，所以此处应为介词to。故填to。 68．考查副词。句意：事实上，关于极端暴雨和热浪造成死亡和经济损失的新闻报道频繁地播出。此处需要用副词来修饰动词，frequent的副词形式是frequently，表示 “频繁地”。故填frequently。 69．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们作为个人可以通过限制我们的生活方式所产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。by是介词，后面接动名词作宾语。故填restricting。 70．考查固定句型。句意：抓住每一个机会去教育每个人关于全球变暖的知识是我们的责任。此处为“it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语”结构，所以此处使用动词不定式形式to seize。故填to seize。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $