Unit 4 Natural disasters-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（人教版）

Unit 4 Natural disasters 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：限制性定语从句 女同步语法二：限制性定语从句的特殊用法 语法精讲精练 (一）基本定义 限制性定语从句是对先行词起限定、识别作用的从句，去掉后主句意义不完整或变得模糊。它 通常紧跟在先行词之后，无逗号隔开，是高考英语语法填空、短文改错、写作中的核心考点。 (二)核心用法与位置 限制性定语从句的核心是选择关系词。关系词分关系代词(who,whom,whose,which, that,as)和关系副词(when,where,why)。其选择取决于先行词在从句中充当的成分。 关系词 先行词类 在从句中的作用 例句 型 The man who lives next who 主语/宾语 door is a doctor. The girl (whom)you met is whom 宾语（常可省略/用who/that) my sister. whose 人或物 定语（表示“的”） The book whose cover is red is mine. The pen which I bought which 物 主语/宾语 writes well. 主语/宾语（可替代who/which, that 人或物 The movie that we saw was 但有特殊规则) exciting. 时间名词 时间状语 I'll never forget the day when when we first met. This is the school where I where 地点名词 地点状语 studied. 原因状语 Tell me the reason why you why reason left. ★考点提示：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略（口语及非正式文体），但在介词前置时不能 省略。 (三)核心区分：关系代词Vs关系副词 选择关系词时，先判断先行词在从句中的成分，而非只看先行词本身。 错误：This is the museum where I visited last year,(visited是及物动词，缺少宾 语，应用which/that) 正确：This is the museum which/that I visited last year. 正确：This is the museum where I worked last year.(worked不及物，where作 地点状语) √判断方法：将先行词代入从句，如果需加介词（如in the museum→work in the museum),则用关系副词；如果直接作主语或宾语，则用关系代词。 (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.that与which的区别（必考） 只用that的情况（先行词为不定代词、被序数词/最高级修饰、既有人又有物等）： g例句：Everything that he said is true. O例句：This is the best book that I have ever read. O例句：The teacher and the students that are coming are from London. 只用which的情况（非限制性定语从句、介词前置）： 例句：The house,which was built in 19g0,has a big garden. O例句：This is the pen with which I wrote the letter. 2.“介词+关系代词"结构 关系代词作介词宾语时，介词可放在关系代词前（正式）或从句末尾（口语）。 ②例句：The man to whom you spoke is my uncle.(正式) 例句：The man(whom/that)you spoke to is my uncle.(口语) 3.关系代词whose的灵活用法 Whose既可指人也可指物，表示所属关系。 ②例句：The house whose windows are broken is empty..(whose windows the windows of which) 4.关系代词as引导的限制性定语从句 As常用于such.as.,/the same..as..结构中。 O例句：Such people as you describe are rare. Q例句：I bought the same book as you have. 5.关系代词作宾语时的省略 限制性定语从句中，关系代词作及物动词或介词的宾语（且介词在从句末尾）时可省略。 例句：The man(whom/that)I saw is a teacher. 例句：The house(which/that)he lives in is very old. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The scientist we met at the conference gave a speech on climate change. A.who B.whom C.which D.what 2.This is the most interesting novel I have ever read. A.which B.that C.what D.as 3.I'll never forget the days_ we spent together in the countryside A.when B.that C.where D.on which 4.The factory we visited last week produces electric cars. A.where B.which C.in which D.what 5.He is the only one of the students been awarded the scholarship. A.who have B.who has C.that have D.which has 6.The reason he was late for school was that he missed the bus. A.why B.which C.that D.for that 7.Is this the museum some foreign friends visited the day before yesterday? A.where B.the one C.which D.what 8.The teacher,with help we have made great progress,is retiring next month. A.whose B.whom C.which D.that 9.I don't like the way he speaks to his parents A.which B.in that C.what D./( 不填) 10.They have such a large family they can't afford to buy enough food. A.which B.that C.as D.what (二)用适当的关系词填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，填入适当的关系词。 1.The hotel we stayed during the holiday was very comfortable. 2.Do you know the girl mother is a famous singer? 3.I still remember the day we first met in Beijing. 4.The reason_ he didn't attend the meeting is still unknown. 5.This is the best film has been shown this year. 6.There are many students in our class come from the countryside 7.He lives in a house,in front of there is a big tree. 8.I'll never forget the experience taught me a lot about life. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内所给词的正确形式。 The first day of senior high school is a day 1. I will always remember.On that morning,I met a girl 2.smile made me feel warm.She was the first person 3.I spoke to in the new class.The classroom 4. we had our first lesson was bright and clean. Our English teacher,5. name is Mr.Smith,asked us to introduce ourselves. He told us a story about a student 6.had overcome great difficulties to succeed.The key reason 7.the student succeeded was his perseverance.I really admired the effort 8. he put into his studies. During the break,I found a library 9.there were thousands of books.I picked up a novel,the cover of 10. was full of colorful drawings.It was exactly the kind of book 11. I had been looking for.All these experiences made my first day at school truly unforgettable 12. I will treasure forever. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.A;7.C;8.A;9.D;10.C 选择 (二)用适 当的关系词 1.where at which 2.whose 3.when on which 4.why for which 5.that 6.who that 7.which 8.which that 填空 (三)篇章 1.that which 2.whose 3.that whom 4.where in which 语法填空 5.whose 6.who that 7.why for which 8.which that 9.where in which 10.which 11.that/which 12.which that 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 限制性定语从句对先行词起限定、修饰作用，去掉后主句意义不完整。其“特殊用法”特指 在特定语境下，关系代词(that/which/who/whom)的选择受严格限制，是高考语法填 空、短文改错及写作中的高频失分点。 (二)核心用法与特殊规则 特殊规则类 适用条件 关系词选择 型 示例（含解析） ①Everything he ①先行词为不定代词 said is true.→that(先行词 (all,everything、 为不定代词)②This is the nothing、much、little、 most interesting book few、none、the one I have ever read. 等)②先行词被序数词、 →that(先行词被最高级修 ★只用that that(不可 最高级、the only,the 饰)③The writer and his 的4种情况 用which) very,the last、the novels you same修饰③先行词既有 mentioned are famous.- 人又有物④先行词是the that(先行词既有人又有物) way(作方式状语时，可 ④Idon't like the way 用that或省略) he speaks.→that/ 不填（先行词为the way) ①The sun, is ★只用 ①非限制性定语从句（有 bigger than the moon,rises which(不 in the east.→which(非限 which的2 逗号隔开)②介词后的定 种情况 可用that) 制性)②This is the house 语从句（介词+关系代词） in Mo Yan once lived.→which(介词后) Those want to join 先行词为those、 ★只用 who(主 the club should sign here. people、anyone等表示 who(主语)The girl who/whom 语)/whom 人的词，且关系词在从句 he spoke to is Lisa. 的情况 (宾语) 中作主语或宾语 →whom/who(宾语，可省 略) The film we saw 限制性定语从句中，关系 ★关系代词 可省略that yesterday is exciting.→省略 代词在从句中作宾语（包 作宾语可省 that/which Is this the pen which 括介词宾语，但介词不能 略 you are looking whom 提前) for?省略that/which(介 词for未提前) (三) 核心区分：限制性VS非限制性定语从句 对比 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 点 形式 无逗号 有逗号与主句隔开 功能 限定先行词，去掉后句意不完整 补充说明先行词，去掉后句意仍完整 关系 词 可用that,且作宾语可省略 不可用that,不可省略 先行 常为单个名词 可为单个名词或整个主句 词 例句 He is the man who saved the His father,who is a doctor,works in child.(特指那个人) Beijing.(他父亲只有一位，补充说明) (四)高考高频考点总结 1.歧义判断：只用that避免与which混淆 例：The famous person and the car won the prize are from China.→that(先行词含人和物，不能用which) 2.介词+关系代词的结构 关系词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，且先行词常表示时间、地点、方式 等。 例：The reason he was late is that he missed the bus.-for which=why(介词+which可替换关系副词) 3.as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别（拓展考点） as可放句首，意为“正如”；which不能放句首。 例：As is known to all,.the earth goes around the sun.(不能用which). 4.关系副词when/where/why与“介词+which"的转换 when in/on/at which where in/on/at which why for which 例：I still remember the day we met.=I still remember the day on which we met. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The first thing we should do is to apologize to her. A.which B.that C.what D.who 2.The man and the dog _were walking in the park caught my attention. A.which B.whom C.that D.who 3.This is the most beautiful mountain village I have ever visited. A.where B.that C.which D.what 4.The reason he explained at the meeting was not convincing. A.for which B.why C.that D./ 5.I'll never forget the days I spent with you in Beijing. A.when B.that C.in which D.on which 6.The factory, workers are mostly young people,was built last year. A.which B.that C.whose D.of which 7.All she said has come true. A.what B.which C.that D./ 8.There is no such place you dream of in the world. A.which B.that C.as D.where 9.The way he treated the old man was terrible. A.which B.in that C.how D./ 10.The famous scientist,_ _we met yesterday,will give a speech tomorrow. A.whom B.which C.that D.who (仁)用适当的关系词填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，填入which/that/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/as (可省略的用“"表示)。 1.The only thing matters is your safety. 2.The city I was born is famous for its beauty. 3.The girl father is a teacher won the competition 4.This is the best movie I have ever seen. 5.He has three sons,two of are teachers. 6.The reason he was late was that his car broke down. 7.I still remember the day_we first met. 8. is often the case,he was the first to arrive (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的关系词（可用that/which/who/whom/ whose/when/where/why/as,或根据语境判断是否省略)。 Last week,I visited a small town 1. is located in the south of China. The town,2.history dates back to the lang Dynasty,is famous for its ancient buildings.Everything 3. I saw there was fresh and interesting.The first place 4.we visited was a temple 5. was built in the 7th century. The guide 6. told us stories was a local man.He showed us a garden 7. flowers were all in bloom.The reason 8. the garden is so well preserved,he said,is that every citizen takes care of it.I also met some people 9. were very friendly.The days 10.I spent in the town left me a deep impression. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.C(或)；5.B(或0；6.C;7.C;8.C;9.D(或 选择 ）;10.A (二)用适 当的关系词 1.that 2.where in which 3.whose 4.that 5.whom 6.why/ for which 7.when on which 8.As 填空 (三)篇章 1.that/which;2.whose;3.that(或)；4.that(或)；5.that/ 语法填空 which;6.who that 7.whose 8.why for which 9.who that 10.that(或)