Unit7整合复习讲义- 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语上册

8A Unit7 The natural world整合复习 一、重点词汇： 1. penguin n.企鹅 14.sir n.先生 2. climate n.气候 15. madam n.女士 3. around adv.大约 （about） 16. kill vt.&vi.杀死→get killed 被杀 4. return vi.返回；vt.归还 17.solve vt.解决;解答→ solution n.解决方案，解答 5. store vt.贮存 n.商店 18. cover n.躲避处;罩子 → vt.覆盖，涉及，报道 6. therefore adv.因此 19. north-east n.,adj.&.adv.东北;东北方的;向东北方 7. ton n.吨 20. cause vt.使发生，造成，导致 8. include vt. 包括 21. stay n.停留,逗留 →included(过去式)→included(过去分词)→including(现在分词) 9. hold vt.容纳;拿着;举行 22. create vt.创建,创造→creation n.创造;作品 →held(过去式)→held(过去分词) 23.noisy adj.充满噪声的;吵闹的 10. act vi.起作用;行动vi.&.vt.扮演 →noise n.声音;响声;噪声 →action n.行动 24. lead vi.造成(后果)→led(过去式)→led(过去分词) 11.harmful adj.有害的 →harmless adj.无害的→harm vt.&.n.伤害，损害 12.sadly adv.不幸地;悲伤地 25.knowledge n.知识→knowledgeableadj.有见识的;知识渊博的 →sad adj.悲哀的;难过的→ sadness n.悲哀 26.balanced adj.保持平衡的 →balancev.保持平衡 n.平衡 13.environmental adj.环境的 →environment n.环境 二、重点短语： 1. the natural world自然界 2. lie between ...and ...位于……和……之间 3. coral reefs 珊瑚礁 4. look like rocks看起来像岩石 5. keep water in their leaves 6. the earth's main ecosystems地球主要生态系统 让水分留在它们的叶子里 7. slow down(使)慢下来 8. have a role to play发挥作用 9. keep the balance保持平衡 10. make the water clean让水变干净 11. help prevent floods帮助预防洪水 12. take in 吸入 13. help clean the air帮助净化空气 14. climate change气候变化 15. act like the“kidneys”of the earth表现得像地球的“肾脏” 16. call forests the “lungs” of the earth 17. quite a few相当多,不少 称森林为地球的“肺” 18. a group of colourful rocks一群色彩缤纷的岩石 19. ocean pollution海洋污染 20. because of different human activities因为不同的人类活动 21. lead to 导致 22. one of the world's most important wetlands 世界上最重要的湿地之一 23. provide food and cover for ... 24. set up 建立→set out除非→set apart 使突出 为……提供食物和庇护所 25.for a short stay短暂停留 26.in the daytime在白天 27. have more space for farms and buildings为农场和建筑提供更多空间 28. keep fishing继续钓鱼 29. bring trouble to the animals there给那儿的动物带来麻烦 30. spend the winter过冬 31. encourage people to protect forests鼓励人们保护森林 32.ask for your help请求你的帮助 33.be home to ... 是……的栖息地 34. work as a volunteer 做一名志愿者 35.make up 构成，形成，编造 36.get rid of 消除，摆脱 37.be harmful to 对......有害 重点句型： 1. The climate in deserts is so awful that only a few animals and plants can live there. 沙漠的气候非常恶劣,只有少数动植物能够在那里存活。 2. This goes on and on, so the ocean is just like the “heart”of the earth. 如此周而复始,所以海洋就像地球的“心脏”一样。 3. It holds plenty of salt water, and the water rises to the sky,falls onto the land and then returns to the ocean. 它(海洋)容纳大量海水，水分升上天空，落到陆地上,然后流回海洋。 4. Forests make up nearly a third of the earth's land area. 森林占地球陆地面积的近三分之一。 5 This will lead to less space for wildlife. 这将导致野生动植物的(生存)空间越来越小。 6. You said it! 所言极是! 7. I am writing today to ask for your help in protecting the ocean. 我今天写信请求你帮助保护海洋。 8. There are millions of tons of plastic waste in the ocean. 海洋中有数百万吨塑料垃圾。 9. It is meaningful to join an environmental group and work as a volunteer. 加入一个环保团体,做一名志愿者是很有意义的。 核心考点： 1. nature 的用法归纳 in nature 在自然界中(不与冠词连用) nature n. a nature reserve一个自然保护区 natural disasters自然灾害 natural adj. the natural world 自然界 自然的;天然的 2. home、house 和 family 的辨析 home 意为“家”,指一个家庭共同生活的地方，也可指一个人出生或长大的地方。另外home还可作副词 house 意为“房子”,指供一家人居住的房子，侧重具体的建筑物 family 意为“家庭”,指由父母、子女所组成的家庭，是集体名词,既可以把它看成单数名词(指整体概念),也可把它看成复数名词(指全体家庭成员) 3. harm 的用法归纳 harm He would never harm anyone.他永远不会伤害任何人。 vt.伤害; 损害 n.伤害;损害 harmful adj. 反义词:harmless do harm to 对……有害 be harmful to 对……有害 The man was so kind that he would never harm anyone. 这位男士非常友好,他永远不会伤害任何人。 Playing computer games too often will do harm to your eyes. 玩电脑游戏太过频繁会对你的眼睛造成伤害。 They claim that the drug has no harmful effects. 他们声称这种药物没有不良作用。 Fatty foods are harmful to our health. 油腻的食物对我们的健康有害。 4. hold 的用法归纳 hold v. 握住,拿 hold a pen握住一支笔 使保持(在某位置) hold your head up 抬起你的头来 举行,进行 举行运动会 hold a sports meeting 容纳,包含 hold about 300 passengers容纳约300名乘客 hold the line 别挂断电话 (打电话时)等待,不挂断 Our school hall can hold over 2,000 people.我们学校的礼堂可容纳两千多人。 The young man is holding some flowers in his hand.这个年轻人手里拿着一些花。 hold on=hold the line,意为“别挂断(电话) --May I speak to Simon, please?---我可以请西蒙听电话吗? --Hold on for a moment.-请等一会儿。 He caught hold of her wrists, so she couldn't get away.他抓住她的手腕,所以她无法挣脱。 Lee got hold of the dog by its collar.李拉住了狗的项圈。 5. prevent 的用法归纳 prevent vt. prevent sth.预防/防止某事 prevent sb. (from) doing sth. = keep sb. from doing sth. = stop sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事 Vaccines help prevent diseases.疫苗有助于预防疾病。 The rain prevented us ( from)going outside.下雨阻止了我们外出。 Masks help prevent the spread of viruses.口罩有助于阻止病毒传播。 6.keep 的用法归纳 keep v. keep + adj.保持某种状态 keep sb./sth.+ adj.让某人/某物保持某种状态 keep sth.+介词短语把某物放在…… keep (on) doing sth.一直做某事 keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事 keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 7.room 和 space 的辨析 指“空间”时,是不可数名词 There is little room on the bus.公共汽车上几乎没有空间了。 指“房间”时,是可数名词 There are three rooms in the house.房子里有三个房间。 指“(个人)空间;太空”时,是不可数名词 You have to give teenagers plenty of space.你必须给青少年大量空间。 指“空白;空格;空行”时,可以作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词 Leave a space after the comma.逗号后面要留一个空格。(可数) Put as much space as possible between the lines. 在各行间留尽量多的空白。(不可数) room space 8. cause 的用法归纳 cause sth.造成某事 cause sb. sth.= cause sth.for sb.给某人造成某事 cause sb. to do sth.导致某人做某事 cause the cause of ...……的原因 vt.使发生，造成,导致 n.原因 The cause of the fire was a short circuit.火灾的起因是短路。 9.stay 的用法归纳 stay v.停留;待 v.保持 v.暂住;逗留 stay in bed待在床上 stay awake保持清醒 n.停留;逗留 for a short stay作短暂逗留 stay in the hotel住在旅馆 10. cover 的用法归纳 cover n.(不可数)庇护所 n.(可数)封面;覆盖物 v.遮盖 cover ... with ...用...遮盖…… cover an area of ... 面积为…… v.占(一片面积) v.报道 be covered live现场直播 11.include、including与included的.辨析 include 动词，作谓语，意为“包括;包含”，侧重指被包含的是整体的一部分。 His writings include poetry and prose.他的作品包括诗歌和散文。 including 介词,位于所说明的名词或代词之前，一般用在逗号后面,不能作谓语。 There are altogether some 200 people in our village,including the old people and children.我们村总 共200人左右,包括老人和孩子。 included 动词include 的过去分词形式，表“包括在内的”,位于所修饰的名词或代词之后。 We all went, her included. 我们都去了，包括她在内。 核心语法 1. “S+V+O(indirect)+O(direct).”结构:“主语十谓语+间接宾语十直接宾语.” 结构即双宾语结构。这种结构可以用介词to或for变化双宾语的顺序,即“S+V+O(direct)+ to/for+O(indirect).”结构。例句: The sun gives ocean animals light and heat.=The sun gives light and heat to ocean animals.(太阳给海洋动物提供光和热。) We should build local wildlife a better home.= We should build a better home for local wildlife.(我们应该为当地野生动物建造更好的家园。) 2.“S+V+O(direct)+C”结构:“主语十谓语十宾语十宾语补足语”结构。宾语补足语用来为宾语提供更多的信息,补充说明宾语的状态和动作。例句: The mother bird keeps the eggs safe.(母鸟把蛋保护得很好。) They call the ocean the“heart”of the earth.(人们称海洋为地球的“心脏”。) We made the forest the topic of this class.(我们把森林作为这堂课的主题。) 词汇整合 The earth's main ecosystems--the ocean, wetlands, and forests-play a balanced role in our earth. The ocean, which covers around 71% of the planet, stores vast amounts of carbon dioxide and helps prevent floods, while wetlands act like the “kidneys" of the earth, making the water clean and supporting the wildlife. Forests, called the“lungs” of the earth, take in CO2and provide food and cover for animals all year round. Sadly, these systems face serious problems. Ocean pollution,caused by plastic waste, harms some animals in the sea. Wetlands are becoming smaller and smaller because of farming, leading to habitat loss. Forests are cut down, killing countless species and worsening climate change. Human activities like overfishing bring trouble to the animals,disrupting the natural world. To solve these problems, governments must set up protected areas and make laws to stop deforestation.We can reduce waste and support eco-friendly products. Planting trees and restoring wetlands will help keep the balance. By spreading knowledge about ecosystems, we can save them. Acting now is key to protecting our planet. 写作素材 学校英文报纸正在征集保持平衡生态系统的文章,请你写一篇关于“保护森林，人人有责”的短文,内容包括: 1.简要说明森林对地球的重要性; 2.分析森林目前面临的主要问题; 3. 提出保护森林的具体建议。 要求: 1.结合要点提示,可适当发挥; 2.语句连贯,词数80左右。 One possible version: Forests are important for our earth(森林对于我们的地球很重要)，providing oxygen, shelter, and balancing ecosystems. Yet, they face some problems(面临一些问题): people cut down too many trees,rubbish pollution harms wildlife and soil, and climate change makes forests drier and hotter(气候变化使森林更加干燥和炎热). To protect forests, we must not throw rubbish in forests(我们不能在森林里扔垃圾).We should recycle or reuse waste to prevent pollution and join clean-up projects to restore damaged areas. Bring your own chopsticks to reduce plastic use. Education and knowledge are useful tools to help protect forests (帮助保护森林的有用的工具)，like planting trees or supporting eco-friendly products. Small actions make a difference.(小的行动会产生影响。)Every effort helps to protect the lungs of our earth. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $