Unit 5 Into the wild单元话题阅读理解练习-2025-2026学年高一英语外研版必修第一册

Unit 5 Into the wild 单元话题阅读理解练习 Unit 5 Into the wild单元话题：人与的动植物 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 Ten years ago, when Kelik Suparno heard the song of a bird, he thought of money. A single bird could bring him much at a busy market. Today, he listens for the same sound with a new purpose. As a nature guide in Java, he introduces visitors to his favorite bird. Suparno, once a hunter (猎人), now earns a living by protecting these birds, showing that change is possible. Indonesia has become the center of what experts call the Asian songbird crisis (危机). Across the country, the illegal (非法的) trade of wild birds puts at least 26 kinds of birds in danger. The crisis is worsened by the growing popularity of birdsong competitions, where owners of caged (笼中的) birds compete for prizes. These events attract thousands each year and have created a nationwide market. As a result, wild bird numbers drop fast, raising fears that many birds could vanish in the near future. For centuries, keeping songbirds has been a tradition in Java. Today, up to 84 million caged birds are believed to be kept on the island. For many, birds stand for success and bring a sense of peace. In Yogyakarta, the cultural “soul” of Java, waking to the sound of a bird’s gentle call is considered a good thing. This culture, however, now stands in direct conflict(冲突) with the need to protect wildlife. Some keepers and competition organizers are starting to act. They encourage people to use birds born in cages, not those taken from the wild. Special notes are put on young birds to prove where they come from. Such measures are seen as key steps in cutting down the need for wild songbirds. Yet problems remain, as many buyers still believe wild-caught birds are better singers. Environmental experts point out that the future of Indonesia’s birds cannot rest on a few villages or keepers alone. From hunters and traders to bird lovers and policymakers, everyone’s taking part matters. 1．What does Suparno do for a living now? A．He trains nature guides. B．He focuses on bird protection. C．He holds bird competitions. D．He sells home-raised birds. 2．What does the underlined word “vanish” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Disappear. B．Grow. C．Compete. D．Return. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The popularity of wild birds. B．The rules in the birdsong competition. C．The challenges facing the bird keepers. D．The way to stop wild birds being caught. 4．What can be known about bird protection in Indonesia? A．It remains hopeless. B．Everyone has a role to play. C．Hunters should give up traditions. D．It sets a good example to others. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以猎人Suparno转型为自然向导、以保护鸟类为生的案例切入，介绍印尼野生鸣禽非法贸易现状、文化传统与保护需求的冲突，以及当前应对措施与挑战，强调保护鸟类需社会各界共同参与。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, he listens for the same sound with a new purpose. As a nature guide in Java, he introduces visitors to his favorite bird. Suparno, once a hunter (猎人), now earns a living by protecting these birds, showing that change is possible.(如今，他怀着新的目的再次倾听着同样的声音。作为爪哇的一名自然导游，他向游客介绍他所钟爱的鸟类。苏帕诺曾是一名猎人，如今则通过保护这些鸟类来谋生，这表明改变是有可能实现的)”可知，Suparno如今作为自然向导，通过介绍鸟类、保护鸣禽物种谋生。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“wild bird numbers drop fast, raising fears(野生鸟类的数量急剧减少，引起了恐惧)”可知，野生鸟类数量急剧下降，这引发了人们对许多物种很快会消失的担忧，由此可推测，vanish应表示“消失”，与disappear 同义。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Some keepers and competition organizers are starting to act. They encourage people to use birds born in cages, not those taken from the wild. Special notes are put on young birds to prove where they come from. Such measures are seen as key steps in cutting down the need for wild songbirds. Yet problems remain, as many buyers still believe wild-caught birds are better singers.(一些饲养员和比赛组织者开始采取行动了。他们鼓励人们使用在笼子里出生的鸟，而非从野外捕获的鸟。还会在幼鸟身上贴上标签，以证明它们的来源。这些措施被视为减少对野生鸣禽需求的关键步骤。然而，问题依然存在，因为许多买家仍然认为从野外捕获的鸟唱歌更好)”可知，本段主要讲述饲养者及比赛组织者为避免野生鸟被抓采取的行动。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Environmental experts point out that the future of Indonesia’s birds cannot rest on a few villages or keepers alone. From hunters and traders to bird lovers and policymakers, everyone’s taking part matters.(环境专家指出，印尼鸟类的未来不能仅仅依赖于少数几个村庄或饲养员。从猎人、商人到鸟类爱好者以及政策制定者，每个人的参与都至关重要)”可知，保护印尼鸟类不能仅依赖少数村庄，社会各界都需发挥作用，由此可推断，印尼的鸟类保护需要社会各界都发挥作用。故选B。 In August last year, a new plant was found in a rock gap deep in the rainforests of Motuo, Xizang Autonomous Region. It was named Paramicrotoena motuoensis. This plant has thin white flowers and a special structure that has never been seen before. It is a new plant group, which is an important discovery for studying the Himalayan biodiversity (生物多样性). The word “motuoensis” comes from Motuo, showing that this natural treasure belongs to China. The finder was Wu Xuexue, a PhD student from the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. She was working on the Flora of the Pan-Himalaya project with her team. One day, when she was researching through thick bushes near Beibeng Mountain, she noticed some small plants on a wet rock. Although they looked common, her study told her they were special. She took photos and sent them to her teacher, Professor Wang Qiang, who knows a lot about uncommon plants. Soon, they proved it was a new plant group. To confirm this new plant group and collect enough data, Wu’s team faced great difficulties in Motuo. The area lies where the Indian and Eurasian plates meet, and its environment is very bad. Heavy rains often cause landslides, narrow mountain roads may break suddenly, and leeches are everywhere. They had to carry heavy equipment and walk for hours in the mud and rain. Once, a mudslide (泥石流) washed away the road, so they had to walk 5 km with their tools. Luckily, local villagers shared their knowledge of plants, and drivers took them through dangerous roads. Xizang was once called a “forbidden land”, but now it is a center for environmental research. It has 47 nature protection areas and a gene bank (基因库), with over 20,000 plant types — that’s two-thirds of China’s total. This new finding helps people learn more about global living things variety. “Their work makes China play a bigger role in protecting biodiversity and encourages young people to take responsibility for our environment,” said Wang. 1．Why was the new plant named “Paramicrotoena motuoensis”? A．It was discovered in Motuo. B．It grows in rock gaps. C．It was named after its finder. D．It has thin white flowers. 2．What made Wu Xuexue notice the new plant? A．Its special structure. B．Her teacher’s help. C．Her professional training. D．The growing environment. 3．What can we learn about Wu’s team’s research in Motuo? A．They carried no tools. B．They got help from locals. C．They did research easily. D．They never met mudslides. 4．What does Professor Wang think of the discovery? A．It helps to protect young people. B．It causes the building of more gene banks. C．It makes Xizang a top research center for nature. D．It improves China’s role in biodiversity protection. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了在西藏墨脱发现的一种新植物Paramicrotoena motuoensis，以及发现者吴雪雪和她的团队在研究过程中面临的困难和得到的帮助，最后强调了这一发现对保护生物多样性的重要意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It was named Paramicrotoena motuoensis.( 它被命名为Paramicrotoena motuoensis。)”和“The word “motuoensis” comes from Motuo, showing that this natural treasure belongs to China.(“motuoensis”这个词来自墨脱，表明这个自然宝藏属于中国。)”可知，这个新植物被命名为“Paramicrotoena motuoensis”是因为它是在墨脱发现的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Although they looked common, her study told her they were special.(尽管它们看起来很普通，但她的研究告诉她它们很特别。)”可知，是她的专业训练让她注意到了这种新植物。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Luckily, local villagers shared their knowledge of plants, and drivers took them through dangerous roads.(幸运的是，当地村民分享了他们的植物知识，司机们带着他们穿过了危险的道路。)”可知，吴的团队在墨脱的研究得到了当地人的帮助。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Their work makes China play a bigger role in protecting biodiversity and encourages young people to take responsibility for our environment.(他们的工作使中国在保护生物多样性方面发挥了更大的作用，并鼓励年轻人对我们的环境负责。)”可知，王教授认为这一发现提高了中国在生物多样性保护中的作用。故选D。 A garden has a way of pulling you in. There is a quiet sense of purpose that comes with doing physical tasks outdoors, Washing pots, adjusting staging, or tying string around a stem that needs support matters more than they seem. They are small actions, but they leave a clear result. You don’t need much skill to start. A simple shelf with a few seed trays (盘) or pots is enough. Tools can be basic. Mistakes are expected. You’ll learn through doing, not from guides or books. They are reasons why greenhouses are so often discussed. They make it easier to control your environment and give you the confidence to keep experimenting. Ventilation (通风) lets you manage heat levels. Panels keep pests out. Staging means you can work at a comfortable height without bending. There are many prefabricated greenhouses available on the market, so right after you buy one, you can use it. Some offer automatic venting, wide access doors, and built-in base frames. These features make daily tasks smoother and encourage regular use of the space. Hands-on work is a chance to reset your mind while doing something worthwhile. You don’t need to finish anything-just show up! Gardening doesn’t need to be ambitious. It doesn’t need to be formal, structured or complicated. You can start with one tray, one tomato plant, or a few herbs in pots. What matters is the time you give to it. A greenhouse can extend that habit, support more plants, and give you a quiet place to carry out simple tasks whenever you choose. You won’t use it every day. But it will always be there when you feel like stepping outside. If you have been thinking about creating your corner to potter, it may be worth exploring what is available. There are models designed for meeting different needs. 1．What can we know about having a garden? A．It depends on guides. B．It costs much money. C．It brings many benefits. D．It focuses on much skill. 2．What does the underlined word “prefabricated” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Low-cost. B．Environment-friendly. C．Hand-made. D．Ready-made. 3．What matters most for gardeners according to the author? A．Their knowledge. B．Their experience. C．Their ability. D．Their energy. 4．What use does a greenhouse have? A．To take the place of a regular garden. B．To make people’s creation easier. C．To help people keep gardening habits. D．To meet people’s different needs for life. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了园艺的魅力与益处。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“There is a quiet sense of purpose that comes with doing physical tasks outdoors, Washing pots, adjusting staging, or tying string around a stem that needs support matters more than they seem. They are small actions, but they leave a clear result.(在户外从事体力劳作时，会油然而生一种沉静的使命感。清洗花盆、调整花架，或是给需要支撑的花茎绑上细绳，这些看似不起眼的小事，实则意义非凡。它们都是细微的举动，却能带来实实在在的成果。)”和第四段中的“Hands-on work is a chance to reset your mind while doing something worthwhile.(动手劳作是在做有意义的事情时重置思绪的机会。)” 可知，园艺能带来使命感、明确成果和思绪重置的机会，即带来诸多益处。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“There are many prefabricated greenhouses available on the market, so right after you buy one, you can use it.(市场上有许多prefabricated温室，所以你一买就可以使用。)”可知，一买就可以使用的温室应该是“现成的”，ready-made意为“现成的”，与prefabricated意思相近。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“What matters is the time you give to it.(重要的是你投入的时间。)”可知，对园丁来说最重要的是他们投入的时间精力。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A greenhouse can extend that habit, support more plants, and give you a quiet place to carry out simple tasks whenever you choose.(温室可以延续这种习惯，支持更多的植物，并给你一个安静的地方，让你随时进行简单的任务。)”可知，温室能帮助人们保持园艺习惯。故选C。 There’s nothing quite like falling sound asleep after a full day of work. Like people, animals need to rest after working hard. Some animals sleep in water. Others dig holes under the ground. Some even sleep high in trees or under leaves. But they all find a way to rest. Some animals in the sea sleep in strange ways. Fish sleep with their eyes open. They seem to look ahead far into the sea while they rest. Sea otters sometimes sleep in beds of the plants that grow in the sea. This keeps them from moving away. Parrotfish blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep. Then a bubble (气泡) will be formed around them. The bubble protects them from harm while they sleep. Some animals sleep under the ground. Chipmunks (花栗鼠) sleep curled up (蜷缩) in a ball. Their beds are made of leaves and grass. In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again. Some desert frogs dig underground holes during the hot, dry season. A frog may stay in its hole for months. High above the ground, monkeys find leafy places in trees each evening before they sleep. The tall trees help to keep monkeys safe during the night. Some insects even sleep under the leaf that will be their next meal. A bee may climb down into a flower to rest. When it climbs out the next morning, it is rested and ready for work. 1．What animals blow bubbles when they sleep? A．Sea otters. B．Monkeys. C．Desert frogs. D．Parrotfish. 2．What do we know about chipmunks according to the text? A．They rest with their eyes open. B．They never sleep curled up in a ball. C．They wake up now and then in winter. D．They don’t eat any food during the winter. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The forest where monkeys sleep safely. B．The animals that sleep above the ground. C．The reason why bees climb down into flowers. D．The ways that keep animals away from danger. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Where animals live? B．Why animals move? C．How animals sleep? D．What animals feed on? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鱼类、花栗鼠、猴子等不同动物的睡眠方式，展现了动物睡眠的多样性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “Parrotfish blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep. Then a bubble will be formed around them.(鹦嘴鱼准备睡觉时，会从嘴里吹出某种东西，然后一个气泡就会在它们周围形成)”可知，鹦嘴鱼睡觉时会吹气泡。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again.(冬天，它们睡两周，醒来后吃储存的食物，然后再睡两周才会再次醒来)”可知，花栗鼠在冬天会时不时醒来。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“High above the ground, monkeys find leafy places in trees each evening before they sleep. The tall trees help to keep monkeys safe during the night. Some insects even sleep under the leaf that will be their next meal. A bee may climb down into a flower to rest. When it climbs out the next morning, it is rested and ready for work.(在地面之上很高的地方，猴子们每天晚上睡觉前都会在树上找到枝叶繁茂的地方。高大的树木有助于保证猴子在夜间的安全。有些昆虫甚至睡在树叶下，这将是它们的下一餐。蜜蜂可以爬到花里休息。当它第二天早上爬出来的时候，它已经休息好了，准备工作了)”可知，该段主要讲在地面之上睡觉的动物。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中的“Some animals sleep in water. Others dig holes under the ground. Some even sleep high in trees or under leaves.(有些动物在水里睡觉，有些在地下挖洞，有些甚至在高高的树上或树叶下睡觉)”及后文对不同动物睡眠方式的详细介绍可知，文章核心是动物如何睡觉。C项“动物如何睡觉”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C项。 On a warm April evening on England’s Jurassic Coast, I joined a seaweed foraging course. Our guide, Dan Scott, taught us about the different parts of seaweed, how to harvest it sustainably by cutting without killing the plant, and which types are safe to eat. The experience made me think: Does foraging help us reconnect with nature, and is it good for the planet? Foraging can create a deep connection to nature. Janani Sivarajah, a researcher on city foraging, says it brings people together, connects people to the land, and brings people back to their roots. Dan Scott agrees, believing that teaching people about edible plants makes them more likely to protect nature while foraging. Foraging is the oldest way of getting food and is becoming very popular again. It is common among people who care about the environment and want to avoid pesticides and industrial food systems. However, its popularity has led to rules in some US national parks to limit how much people can gather. The effect of foraging on the environment is complicated. Foraging can use up local resources that wildlife needs, particularly when it is done to sell for money. Laws show these worries, so foraging is not allowed in some Canadian parks, and the UK’s National Trust warns against taking too much. Sustainable foraging means taking only small amounts for yourself. But Dan Scott admits that if thousands of people foraged on the beach, it would not be sustainable. Health risks are another important thing to think about. Sivarajah warns that plants in cities can absorb harmful metals from car pollution. Seaweed has high levels of substances like arsenic and lead. The biggest danger, however, comes from picking the wrong thing. For example, he is very clear that looking for mushrooms needs learning from an expert, not just books, because deadly poisonous types exist. His advice is joining a group and learning from experienced people. 1．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By listing numbers. B．By answering some questions. C．Through a brief comparison. D．Through a personal experience. 2．What is Dan Scott’s attitude towards Janani Sivarajah’s opinion? A．Unclear. B．Supportive. C．Worried. D．Doubtful. 3．Why are people prevented from foraging in some parks in Canada? A．Foraging can have bad effects on local wildlife. B．Foraging causes local farmers to make less money. C．Foraging often leads to people picking up some poisonous plants. D．Foraging influences the development of Canada’s food systems. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why is foraging a valuable practice? B．The benefits and challenges of foraging C．Methods of foraging for seaweed safely D．Why is foraging becoming popular again? 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕“觅食”这一行为展开，先是通过作者参加海藻搜寻课程的个人经历引出话题，随后介绍了其能让人们与自然建立深厚联系、作为古老觅食方式重新流行等益处，同时也阐述了其可能耗尽野生动物资源、存在健康风险等挑战。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“On a warm April evening on England’s Jurassic Coast, I joined a seaweed foraging course. Our guide, Dan Scott, taught us about the different parts of seaweed, how to harvest it sustainably by cutting without killing the plant, and which types are safe to eat. The experience made me think: Does foraging help us reconnect with nature, and is it good for the planet?(在英格兰侏罗纪海岸一个温暖的四月夜晚，我参加了一门海藻搜寻课程。我们的向导丹・斯科特教我们认识了海藻的不同部分，如何通过切割而不伤害植株的方式可持续地采摘，以及哪些种类的海藻可以安全食用。这次经历让我思考：觅食能帮助我们与自然重新建立联系，对地球有益吗？)”可推知，作者通过自身参加海藻搜寻课程的个人经历引出了主题。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Janani Sivarajah, a researcher on city foraging, says it brings people together, connects people to the land and brings people back to their roots. Dan Scott agrees, believing that teaching people about edible plants makes them more likely to protect nature while foraging.(城市觅食研究者贾纳尼·西瓦拉贾说，这能让人们团结在一起，让人们与土地建立联系，让人们回归本源。丹·斯科特对此表示赞同，他认为教人们认识可食用植物，会让他们在觅食时更有可能保护自然)”可推知，丹·斯科特对贾纳尼·西瓦拉贾的观点持支持态度。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Foraging can use up local resources that wildlife needs, particularly when it is done to sell for money. Laws show these worries, so foraging is not allowed in some Canadian parks, and the UK’s National Trust warns against taking too much.(觅食会耗尽野生动物所需的当地资源，尤其是当这种行为是为了赚钱时。法律体现了这些担忧，因此加拿大的一些公园禁止觅食，英国国民信托基金警告不要采食太多)”可知，加拿大一些公园禁止觅食是因为这种行为会对当地野生动物产生不良影响。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据各段核心内容：第一段引出觅食的话题；第二段介绍觅食能让人与自然建立深厚联系的好处；第三段提到其作为古老获取食物的方式重新流行；第四段说明其对环境的复杂影响及相关限制；第五段指出其存在的健康风险及建议。由此可知，文章围绕觅食的益处和面临的挑战展开。The benefits and challenges of foraging(觅食的好处和挑战)适合作本文标题。故选B。 When I was young, Dad brought home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”. My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her, then there were baths, playing catch and many other games. Brownie, in return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them. We always felt better when she was around. One day, as I was getting her food, she chewed up (咬破) one of Dad’s shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end. I knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her know what she did was wrong. When I looked at her and said, “Bad girl,” she looked down at the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear in her eyes. Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet, she went everywhere with us. People would stop and ask if they could pet her. Of course she’d let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog. There were many times when we’d be out walking and a small child would come over and pull her hair. She never barked (吠) or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from the truth, she loved everyone. Now many years have passed since Brownie died of old age. I still miss days when she was with us. 1．What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family? A．Keep them company. B．Look at them sadly. C．Play games with them. D．Touch them gently. 2．We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Brownie ________. A．would eat anything when hungry B．felt sorry for her mistake C．loved playing hide-and-seek D．disliked the author’s dad 3．Why does the author say that Brownie was more than just a family pet? A．She was treated as a member of the family. B．She played games with anyone she liked. C．She went everywhere with the family. D．She was loved by everybody she met. 4．Which of the following best describes Brownie? A．Caring. B．Polite. C．Brave. D．Shy. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家和宠物狗Brownie的温馨故事，包括Brownie对家人的陪伴、犯错后的反应以及她与外界的友好互动等。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.(最让我感动的一件事是，无论谁生病了，她都会去陪伴他们。)”可知，当家里有人生病时，Brownie会陪伴他们。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“One day, as I was getting her food, she chewed up (咬破) one of Dad’s shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end. I knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her know what she did was wrong. When I looked at her and said, “Bad girl,” she looked down at the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear in her eyes.(有一天，我正给它准备食物时，它咬破了爸爸的一只鞋，那只鞋最后不得不扔掉了。我知道爸爸一定会生气，也必须让它知道自己做错了。当我看着它说 “坏狗狗” 时，它低下头盯着地面，然后就跑开躲了起来。我看到它眼里含着一滴泪水。)”可知，作者责备她，她低下头然后躲起来，可以推断出Brownie为她的错误感到抱歉。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet, she went everywhere with us. People would stop and ask if they could pet her. Of course she’d let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog.(Brownie不仅仅是我们家的宠物，她走到哪里都跟着我们。人们会停下来问是否可以抚摸她。当然，她会让任何人抚摸她。她就是最可爱的狗。)”可知，作者说Brownie不仅仅是一个家庭宠物是因为她受到每一个遇到她的人的喜爱。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.(最让我感动的一件事是，无论谁生病了，她都会去陪伴他们。)”可知，Brownie对家人充满关爱，是一个体贴的狗。故选A。 It’s often said that people who are born blind or lose their sight, especially when young, can touch, taste, smell, and hear better than those who can see. Donna Posont, who is blind, helps others use their enhanced hearing (增强的听力) to detect (探测) thousands of bird songs. Posont is a graduate of the University of Michigan-Dearborn. She leads a monthly program she founded at the college. It’s called Birding by Ear and Beyond. It’s held on Saturday each month. During the program, Posont leads visually-impaired (视力受损的) people through 120 acres (英亩) of campus forest. They listen for the sounds of many birds. These include crows, geese, chickadees, woodpeckers, robins, and red-winged blackbirds. Participants learn to tell the sometimes subtle differences between bird species (物种). They also learn how each bird fits into their habitat (栖息地). “The world is designed for sighted people (视力正常的人), but nature is a special place where it’s okay to be blind,” Posont told The Washington Post. “You can use your other senses to learn why birds and nature are important and how it all works (as one). To me, that’s the beauty of it.” Through her program, Posont not only helps visually impaired individuals connect with nature but also inspires them to challenge their perceptions (认知) and embrace the world through a different point. The ability to identify birds by ear becomes a gateway (门户) to understanding the relationships within ecosystems (生态系统) and the value of nature. 1．What does Posont’s program focus on? A．Helping blind people identify birds by sound. B．Leading blind people to protect campus forest. C．Training blind people to be nature guides. D．Providing blind people a safe outdoor space. 2．Why does Posont think nature is a special place for blind people? A．Nature helps people learn about birds’ habitat. B．Nature benefits blind people’s physical health. C．Blind people can study the behavior of wildlife. D．Blind people can experience nature with other senses. 3．What can you infer from the last paragraph? A．The challenge of Posont’s program. B．The process of Posont’s program. C．The importance of Posont’s program. D．The development of Posont’s program. 4．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Natural Sound: A Journey to the Unknown B．Birding by Ear: A Program for the Blind C．Beauty of Nature: A Journey of Discovery D．Donna Posont: A Volunteer for Bird Protection 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Donna Posont创立Birding by Ear and Beyond项目，通过听觉训练帮助视障人士识别鸟类并理解自然的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“During the program, Posont leads visually-impaired (视力受损的) people through 120 acres (英亩) of campus forest. They listen for the sounds of many birds. (在这个项目中，Posont带领视障人士穿过120英亩的校园森林。他们倾听许多鸟的叫声。)”和第三段中“Participants learn to tell the sometimes subtle differences between bird species (物种). (参与者要学会分辨鸟类之间的细微差别。)”可知，Posont的项目专注于帮助视障人士通过声音识别鸟类。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中Posont所说的话“You can use your other senses to learn why birds and nature are important and how it all works (as one). To me, that’s the beauty of it. (你可以用你的其他感官来了解为什么鸟类和自然是重要的，以及它们是如何（作为一个整体）运作的。对我来说，这就是它的美妙之处。)”可知，Posont认为大自然对视障人士的特别之处在于他们可以通过其他感官体验它。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Through her program, Posont not only helps visually impaired individuals connect with nature but also inspires them to challenge their perceptions (认知) and embrace the world through a different point. The ability to identify birds by ear becomes a gateway (门户) to understanding the relationships within ecosystems (生态系统) and the value of nature. (通过她的项目，Posont不仅帮助视障人士与自然联系，还激励他们挑战自己的观念，从不同的角度拥抱世界。通过耳朵识别鸟类的能力成为理解生态系统内部关系和自然价值的门户。)”可知，这个项目帮助视障人士与自然建立联系，鼓励他们挑战观念，理解生态系统的关系及自然的价值，这些突显了该项目的重要意义。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“She leads a monthly program she founded at the college. It’s called Birding by Ear and Beyond. (她领导着她在学院创立的一个月度项目。它被称为Birding by Ear and Beyond。)”可知，文章围绕Posont的Birding by Ear and Beyond项目展开，讲述了她创办该项目，通过听觉训练帮助视障人士识别鸟类并理解自然，展现了自然界对视障人士的独特意义，以及利用非视觉感官探索世界的可能性。因此，B项“听鸟声：视障人士项目”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 In order to help change our influence on the environment of the earth, a California-based organisation is searching to build an AI language. It can allow people to deeply understand nonhuman languages. Aza Raskin is the co-founder and president of the Earth Species Project (ESP), an organisation that uses a form of AI to translate non-human languages. ESP wants to use its machine learning technology to understand this important information and make it easily known to the public. Raskin stressed their purpose to help in the protection by explaining, “The end we are working towards is, we can discover the non-human language, and decode (破译) animal communication. Along the way, what is also important is that we are developing technology that supports scientists and protection.” ESP believes that understanding languages can help deepen our relationship with animals and allow us to better protect them. In the past, understanding the communication of animals heavily depended on a great deal of observation. Whether it is alarm calls or sounds made by dolphins or elephants, scientists have been amazed by the different forms of non-human communication present in these animals. With the development of new technologies, researchers have now begun to understand a great deal of data they can get through machine learning. Elodie Briefer, a professor at the University of Copenhagen, has recently helped co-develop a pig grunt (呼噜声) analysing algorithm. It can help scientists understand whether the pigs are expressing positive or negative feelings. However, ESP is doing it differently, by focusing on all kinds of animals, not just one. ESP believes it is likely that social animals communicate with each other, for example, whales and dolphins. Although ESP believes that understanding AI machine learning data is only one step towards full communication, it believes that one day we will be able to understand entire systems of communication. 1．What is the main goal of the Earth Species Project? A．To focus on marine animal research. B．To decode animal communication using AI technology. C．To develop products featuring animal voices. D．To replace traditional animal observation methods completely. 2．How did researchers primarily study animal communication in the past? A．Through extensive observation. B．By focusing only on pig grunts. C．Using machine learning algorithms. D．By developing AI language models. 3．How does ESP’s approach differ from Elodie Briefer’s research? A．ESP uses simpler algorithms. B．ESP relies more on human observation. C．ESP studies a wider range of species. D．ESP ignores emotional aspects of communication. 4．What does ESP believe about the future of understanding animal communication? A．It will remain limited to simple sounds. B．Only marine animals can be fully decoded. C．Only machine learning data will ever be available. D．Full communication systems may eventually be understood. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍美国加州地球物种项目（ESP）欲用AI打造语言以解读非人类语言，助于环保，其与过去观察法、他人单一物种研究不同，且相信未来或能理解动物完整交流系统。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“The end we are working towards is, we can discover the non-human language, and decode (破译) animal communication.(我们所努力追求的目标是：能够发现非人类的语言，并破译动物之间的交流方式)”可知，地球物种项目的主要目标是利用人工智能技术破解动物之间的交流方式。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“In the past, understanding the communication of animals heavily depended on a great deal of observation.(过去，要了解动物的交流方式，很大程度上需要进行大量的观察)”可知，过去研究人员主要是通过大量的观察研究动物交流。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Elodie Briefer, a professor at the University of Copenhagen, has recently helped co-develop a pig grunt (呼噜声) analysing algorithm. It can help scientists understand whether the pigs are expressing positive or negative feelings. However, ESP is doing it differently, by focusing on all kinds of animals, not just one. ESP believes it is likely that social animals communicate with each other, for example, whales and dolphins.(哥本哈根大学的埃洛迪·布里弗教授近期参与了一项猪叫声分析算法的共同研发工作。该算法能够帮助科学家们判断猪所表达的是积极情绪还是消极情绪。然而，ESP的做法则有所不同，它关注的是各种各样的动物，而不仅仅是单一的一种。ESP认为，像鲸鱼和海豚这样的社会性动物很可能彼此进行交流)”可知，埃普斯的方法与埃洛迪·布里弗的研究不同在于埃普斯研究的物种范围更广。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Although ESP believes that understanding AI machine learning data is only one step towards full communication, it believes that one day we will be able to understand entire systems of communication.(尽管ESP认为理解人工智能机器学习的数据仅仅是实现全面交流的第一步，但它相信终有一天我们将能够理解整个交流系统)”可知，ESP认为人类未来最终或许能够完全理解动物的交流系统。故选D。 重难语篇提升练 Wheat was among the first plants to be domesticated and is now the most widespread crop in the world. It thus sounds unlikely there would be much left to learn about what makes it so popular. Yet, some 12,000 years after relations between people and wheat began, a wheat plant has been caught doing something unexpected. It helped itself to some much-needed phosphorus (磷) when its leaves received a coating of desert dust. The plant (or, rather, plants) in question were in the care of Avner Gross of the Ben Gurion University of the Negev, in Israel. As Dr Gross told this year’s meeting of the American Geophysical Union, his study was inspired by a hike he had taken near Neve Shalom, his home village in the Judean Hills. On these, he often noticed plant leaves completely covered in dust that had been carried there by sand storms from the Sahara Desert. It occurred to him that this dust might not be the light-blocking substance it appeared at first sight. It could, on the contrary, be beneficial because of the growth-enhancing elements such as phosphorus which it contained. Until then, botanists had assumed that phosphorus in dust landing on a plant was of little value, because it is locked up in a mineral called apatite. This makes it unavailable for absorption. Dr Gross, however, reasoned that plants which had evolved near deserts, the source of almost all naturally occurring dust in the atmosphere, might well have evolved to exploit it. He and two colleagues, therefore started experimenting with a pair of species, wheat and chickpeas (the world’s 17th most planted crop), that both came originally from the Middle East. As a control, they also raised some maize (玉米), a plant from the Americas that evolved in far less dusty surroundings. First, having established them as seedlings (秧苗), they starved their supply of phosphorus until signs of deficiency such as yellow leaves appeared. Then they spread desert dust on the leaves of half of them, while taking steps to stop any of it reaching the soil. After this, though the dust-covered maize continued to suffer from phosphorus deficiency, the wheat and chickpea plants grew to more than double the size of their undusted lab-mates. What is more, these species were clearly ready for the dust’s arrival. As soon as a lack of phosphorus announced itself, two things happened. Their leaves became hairier, and therefore better at capturing dust. And those leaves also started secreting acid fluids that could dissolve any incoming apatite, assisting phosphorus’s absorption. 1．Why is phosphorus much needed by some plants? A．It is common in America. B．It can be found in the dust. C．It helps them to grow well. D．It has some unexpected effects. 2．Before Dr Gross, botanists considered phosphorus in dust landing on a plant useless because they thought _______. A．plants couldn’t take it in B．desert plants didn’t need it C．it worked by blocking light D．it could work well with apatite 3．The word “deficiency” (in Para.5) is closest in meaning to _______ . A．Over-consumption B．disadvantage C．inefficiency D．shortage 4．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Chickpea evolved better than domesticated wheat. B．Sandstorm dust might contain unknown chemicals. C．Maize couldn’t produce apatite-dissolving substance. D．Plants couldn’t absorb enough nutrition from the soil. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍以色列科学家格罗斯发现小麦等中东作物可通过叶片吸收沙漠粉尘中的磷，并探究其背后机制的研究过程与结果。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It could, on the contrary, be beneficial because of the growth-enhancing elements such as phosphorus which it contained.(相反，它可能是有益的，因为它含有磷等促进生长的元素。)”可知，磷是促进植物生长的元素，因此植物非常需要磷来帮助自身良好生长。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Until then, botanists had assumed that phosphorus in dust landing on a plant was of little value, because it is locked up in a mineral called apatite. This makes it unavailable for absorption.(在此之前，植物学家认为落在植物上的粉尘中的磷价值不大，因为它被锁定在一种叫做磷灰石的矿物中。这使得它无法被吸收。)”可知，格罗斯博士之前，植物学家认为粉尘中的磷无用，是因为他们认为磷被锁定在磷灰石中，植物无法吸收。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“First, having established them as seedlings (秧苗), they starved their supply of phosphorus until signs of deficiency such as yellow leaves appeared.(首先，在将它们培育成秧苗后，研究人员断绝了它们的磷供应，直到出现黄叶等deficiency症状。)”可知，“断绝磷供应”后植物出现“黄叶”，这是磷缺乏的表现，因此“deficiency”意为“缺乏、不足”，与“shortage”含义最接近。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“After this, though the dust-covered maize continued to suffer from phosphorus deficiency, the wheat and chickpea plants grew to more than double the size of their undusted lab-mates. What is more, these species were clearly ready for the dust’s arrival. As soon as a lack of phosphorus announced itself, two things happened. Their leaves became hairier, and therefore better at capturing dust. And those leaves also started secreting acid fluids that could dissolve any incoming apatite, assisting phosphorus’s absorption.(此后，尽管覆盖粉尘的玉米仍受磷缺乏困扰，但小麦和鹰嘴豆植株的生长规模达到了未覆盖粉尘同伴的两倍多。此外，这些物种显然为粉尘的到来做好了准备。一旦磷缺乏的迹象显现，就会发生两件事：一是它们的叶片变得更多毛，从而更善于捕捉粉尘；二是这些叶片还开始分泌酸性液体，能够溶解任何进入的磷灰石，帮助吸收磷。)”可知，小麦和鹰嘴豆靠“分泌酸性液体溶解磷灰石”吸收磷，而玉米仍缺磷，由此可推断，玉米无法产生这种溶解磷灰石的物质。故选C项。 Yellowstone’s wolves are helping a new generation of young aspen (山杨) trees to grow tall and join the forest — the first new generation of such trees in Yellowstone’s northern range in 80 years. Gray wolves had disappeared from Yellowstone National Park by 1930 following extensive habitat loss, human hunting and government wolf-killing programs. Without these wolves, populations of deer grew quickly. At their peak population, an estimated 18,000 deer ranged across the park, living on grasses as well as the leaves of trees like aspen. This prevented young trees from establishing themselves, and surveys in the 1990s found no young aspen trees. But when wolves were reintroduced in 1995, the picture began to change. As wolf numbers rose, the deer population in the park dropped sharply, and it is now down to about 2,000. In the new study, published in the journal Forest Ecology and Management, Luke Painter and his colleagues from Oregon State University surveyed aspen stands. “We’re seeing significant new growth of young aspen and this is the first time that we’ve found it in our plots since the 1940s,” Painter said. However, while Yellowstone’s aspen are recovering, they aren’t out of the woods just yet. The deer population has declined, but bison (野牛) numbers have increased in recent years. Bison are a lot harder for wolves to take down, said Painter, so increasing numbers of bison may be emerging as a new restriction on aspen in some areas. The re-emergence of aspen has widespread effects, Painter said. “Aspen are a key species for biodiversity. The aspen trees let more sunlight through their leaves, which creates a habitat that supports a lot of diversity of plants.” “The paper shows the important ecological benefits occurring from the restoration of wolves to Yellowstone National Park,” Dominick Spracklen, a professor at the University of Leeds, said. “Ecosystems that lack large carnivores (食肉动物) are often increasingly out of balance. While reintroducing carnivores raises important challenges around human-wildlife coexistence, this work brings the significant ecological benefits in the long run.” 1．What can be inferred about Yellowstone Park before 1930 according to the text? A．Deer population reached its peak. B．Human activities slightly affected wolves. C．Bison were the main species in the park. D．Gray wolves existed with deer there. 2．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean? A．The aspen trees are too young to make a forest. B．The aspen trees cannot get rid of survival threat. C．Other tree species may hold back aspen’s recovery. D．Yellowstone is not the best habitat for aspen trees. 3．What is Professor Spracklen’s attitude toward carnivore restoration in ecosystems? A．Favorable. B．Skeptical. C．Disapproving. D．Worried. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The History of Gray wolves in Yellowstone B．The Return of Gray wolves Revives Aspen Trees C．The Challenges of Human-Wildlife Coexistence Grow D．The Restoration of Large Carnivores in National Parks 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了黄石公园中灰狼群的重新引入如何帮助山杨树恢复生长，并强调了恢复大型食肉动物对生态系统平衡的重要生态效益。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Gray wolves had disappeared from Yellowstone National Park by 1930 following extensive habitat loss, human hunting and government wolf-killing programs. Without these wolves, populations of deer grew quickly. (由于栖息地大量丧失、人类捕猎和政府的灭狼计划，灰狼在1930年从黄石国家公园消失。没有了这些狼，鹿的数量迅速增长。)”可知，1930年前灰狼尚未消失，那时灰狼和鹿是共存的。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“However, while Yellowstone’s aspen are recovering, they aren’t out of the woods just yet. The deer population has declined, but bison (野牛) numbers have increased in recent years. Bison are a lot harder for wolves to take down, said Painter, so increasing numbers of bison may be emerging as a new restriction on aspen in some areas.(然而，尽管黄石公园的山杨正在恢复，但they aren’t out of the woods just yet。鹿的数量有所减少，不过近年来野牛的数量却在增加。潘特（Painter）表示，野牛对狼群来说要难对付得多，因此在部分区域，不断增多的野牛可能正逐渐成为山杨生长的新制约因素。)”可知，“they aren’t out of the woods”指山杨仍面临野牛带来的新威胁，即“无法摆脱生存威胁”。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““The paper shows the important ecological benefits occurring from the restoration of wolves to Yellowstone National Park,” Dominick Spracklen, a professor at the University of Leeds, said. “Ecosystems that lack large carnivores (食肉动物) are often increasingly out of balance. While reintroducing carnivores raises important challenges around human-wildlife coexistence, this work brings the significant ecological benefits in the long run.” (利兹大学教授多米尼克・斯普拉克伦（Dominick Spracklen）表示：“该研究论文表明，黄石国家公园重新引入狼群后，产生了重要的生态效益。缺乏大型食肉动物的生态系统，往往会越来越失衡。尽管重新引入食肉动物会给人兽共存带来重大挑战，但从长远来看，这项举措能带来显著的生态效益。”)”可知，斯普拉克伦教授认可食肉动物恢复带来的生态效益，态度是“支持的”。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第一段“Yellowstone’s wolves are helping a new generation of young aspen (山杨) trees to grow tall and join the forest——the first new generation of such trees in Yellowstone’s northern range in 80 years.(黄石公园的狼群正助力新一代山杨幼苗长得高大，并融入森林 —— 这是80年来黄石公园北部区域首批这样的新一代山杨树。)”可知，文章开篇点明“黄石的狼帮助新一代山杨生长”，接着介绍1930年狼消失后山杨因鹿过量而无法生长，1995年狼回归后鹿减少、山杨恢复，还提及山杨面临的新威胁及狼回归的生态意义，核心是“灰狼回归促进山杨复苏”。故选B项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Into the wild 单元话题阅读理解练习 Unit 5 Into the wild单元话题：人与的动植物 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 Ten years ago, when Kelik Suparno heard the song of a bird, he thought of money. A single bird could bring him much at a busy market. Today, he listens for the same sound with a new purpose. As a nature guide in Java, he introduces visitors to his favorite bird. Suparno, once a hunter (猎人), now earns a living by protecting these birds, showing that change is possible. Indonesia has become the center of what experts call the Asian songbird crisis (危机). Across the country, the illegal (非法的) trade of wild birds puts at least 26 kinds of birds in danger. The crisis is worsened by the growing popularity of birdsong competitions, where owners of caged (笼中的) birds compete for prizes. These events attract thousands each year and have created a nationwide market. As a result, wild bird numbers drop fast, raising fears that many birds could vanish in the near future. For centuries, keeping songbirds has been a tradition in Java. Today, up to 84 million caged birds are believed to be kept on the island. For many, birds stand for success and bring a sense of peace. In Yogyakarta, the cultural “soul” of Java, waking to the sound of a bird’s gentle call is considered a good thing. This culture, however, now stands in direct conflict(冲突) with the need to protect wildlife. Some keepers and competition organizers are starting to act. They encourage people to use birds born in cages, not those taken from the wild. Special notes are put on young birds to prove where they come from. Such measures are seen as key steps in cutting down the need for wild songbirds. Yet problems remain, as many buyers still believe wild-caught birds are better singers. Environmental experts point out that the future of Indonesia’s birds cannot rest on a few villages or keepers alone. From hunters and traders to bird lovers and policymakers, everyone’s taking part matters. 1．What does Suparno do for a living now? A．He trains nature guides. B．He focuses on bird protection. C．He holds bird competitions. D．He sells home-raised birds. 2．What does the underlined word “vanish” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Disappear. B．Grow. C．Compete. D．Return. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The popularity of wild birds. B．The rules in the birdsong competition. C．The challenges facing the bird keepers. D．The way to stop wild birds being caught. 4．What can be known about bird protection in Indonesia? A．It remains hopeless. B．Everyone has a role to play. C．Hunters should give up traditions. D．It sets a good example to others. In August last year, a new plant was found in a rock gap deep in the rainforests of Motuo, Xizang Autonomous Region. It was named Paramicrotoena motuoensis. This plant has thin white flowers and a special structure that has never been seen before. It is a new plant group, which is an important discovery for studying the Himalayan biodiversity (生物多样性). The word “motuoensis” comes from Motuo, showing that this natural treasure belongs to China. The finder was Wu Xuexue, a PhD student from the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. She was working on the Flora of the Pan-Himalaya project with her team. One day, when she was researching through thick bushes near Beibeng Mountain, she noticed some small plants on a wet rock. Although they looked common, her study told her they were special. She took photos and sent them to her teacher, Professor Wang Qiang, who knows a lot about uncommon plants. Soon, they proved it was a new plant group. To confirm this new plant group and collect enough data, Wu’s team faced great difficulties in Motuo. The area lies where the Indian and Eurasian plates meet, and its environment is very bad. Heavy rains often cause landslides, narrow mountain roads may break suddenly, and leeches are everywhere. They had to carry heavy equipment and walk for hours in the mud and rain. Once, a mudslide (泥石流) washed away the road, so they had to walk 5 km with their tools. Luckily, local villagers shared their knowledge of plants, and drivers took them through dangerous roads. Xizang was once called a “forbidden land”, but now it is a center for environmental research. It has 47 nature protection areas and a gene bank (基因库), with over 20,000 plant types — that’s two-thirds of China’s total. This new finding helps people learn more about global living things variety. “Their work makes China play a bigger role in protecting biodiversity and encourages young people to take responsibility for our environment,” said Wang. 1．Why was the new plant named “Paramicrotoena motuoensis”? A．It was discovered in Motuo. B．It grows in rock gaps. C．It was named after its finder. D．It has thin white flowers. 2．What made Wu Xuexue notice the new plant? A．Its special structure. B．Her teacher’s help. C．Her professional training. D．The growing environment. 3．What can we learn about Wu’s team’s research in Motuo? A．They carried no tools. B．They got help from locals. C．They did research easily. D．They never met mudslides. 4．What does Professor Wang think of the discovery? A．It helps to protect young people. B．It causes the building of more gene banks. C．It makes Xizang a top research center for nature. D．It improves China’s role in biodiversity protection. A garden has a way of pulling you in. There is a quiet sense of purpose that comes with doing physical tasks outdoors, Washing pots, adjusting staging, or tying string around a stem that needs support matters more than they seem. They are small actions, but they leave a clear result. You don’t need much skill to start. A simple shelf with a few seed trays (盘) or pots is enough. Tools can be basic. Mistakes are expected. You’ll learn through doing, not from guides or books. They are reasons why greenhouses are so often discussed. They make it easier to control your environment and give you the confidence to keep experimenting. Ventilation (通风) lets you manage heat levels. Panels keep pests out. Staging means you can work at a comfortable height without bending. There are many prefabricated greenhouses available on the market, so right after you buy one, you can use it. Some offer automatic venting, wide access doors, and built-in base frames. These features make daily tasks smoother and encourage regular use of the space. Hands-on work is a chance to reset your mind while doing something worthwhile. You don’t need to finish anything-just show up! Gardening doesn’t need to be ambitious. It doesn’t need to be formal, structured or complicated. You can start with one tray, one tomato plant, or a few herbs in pots. What matters is the time you give to it. A greenhouse can extend that habit, support more plants, and give you a quiet place to carry out simple tasks whenever you choose. You won’t use it every day. But it will always be there when you feel like stepping outside. If you have been thinking about creating your corner to potter, it may be worth exploring what is available. There are models designed for meeting different needs. 1．What can we know about having a garden? A．It depends on guides. B．It costs much money. C．It brings many benefits. D．It focuses on much skill. 2．What does the underlined word “prefabricated” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Low-cost. B．Environment-friendly. C．Hand-made. D．Ready-made. 3．What matters most for gardeners according to the author? A．Their knowledge. B．Their experience. C．Their ability. D．Their energy. 4．What use does a greenhouse have? A．To take the place of a regular garden. B．To make people’s creation easier. C．To help people keep gardening habits. D．To meet people’s different needs for life. There’s nothing quite like falling sound asleep after a full day of work. Like people, animals need to rest after working hard. Some animals sleep in water. Others dig holes under the ground. Some even sleep high in trees or under leaves. But they all find a way to rest. Some animals in the sea sleep in strange ways. Fish sleep with their eyes open. They seem to look ahead far into the sea while they rest. Sea otters sometimes sleep in beds of the plants that grow in the sea. This keeps them from moving away. Parrotfish blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep. Then a bubble (气泡) will be formed around them. The bubble protects them from harm while they sleep. Some animals sleep under the ground. Chipmunks (花栗鼠) sleep curled up (蜷缩) in a ball. Their beds are made of leaves and grass. In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again. Some desert frogs dig underground holes during the hot, dry season. A frog may stay in its hole for months. High above the ground, monkeys find leafy places in trees each evening before they sleep. The tall trees help to keep monkeys safe during the night. Some insects even sleep under the leaf that will be their next meal. A bee may climb down into a flower to rest. When it climbs out the next morning, it is rested and ready for work. 1．What animals blow bubbles when they sleep? A．Sea otters. B．Monkeys. C．Desert frogs. D．Parrotfish. 2．What do we know about chipmunks according to the text? A．They rest with their eyes open. B．They never sleep curled up in a ball. C．They wake up now and then in winter. D．They don’t eat any food during the winter. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The forest where monkeys sleep safely. B．The animals that sleep above the ground. C．The reason why bees climb down into flowers. D．The ways that keep animals away from danger. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Where animals live? B．Why animals move? C．How animals sleep? D．What animals feed on? On a warm April evening on England’s Jurassic Coast, I joined a seaweed foraging course. Our guide, Dan Scott, taught us about the different parts of seaweed, how to harvest it sustainably by cutting without killing the plant, and which types are safe to eat. The experience made me think: Does foraging help us reconnect with nature, and is it good for the planet? Foraging can create a deep connection to nature. Janani Sivarajah, a researcher on city foraging, says it brings people together, connects people to the land, and brings people back to their roots. Dan Scott agrees, believing that teaching people about edible plants makes them more likely to protect nature while foraging. Foraging is the oldest way of getting food and is becoming very popular again. It is common among people who care about the environment and want to avoid pesticides and industrial food systems. However, its popularity has led to rules in some US national parks to limit how much people can gather. The effect of foraging on the environment is complicated. Foraging can use up local resources that wildlife needs, particularly when it is done to sell for money. Laws show these worries, so foraging is not allowed in some Canadian parks, and the UK’s National Trust warns against taking too much. Sustainable foraging means taking only small amounts for yourself. But Dan Scott admits that if thousands of people foraged on the beach, it would not be sustainable. Health risks are another important thing to think about. Sivarajah warns that plants in cities can absorb harmful metals from car pollution. Seaweed has high levels of substances like arsenic and lead. The biggest danger, however, comes from picking the wrong thing. For example, he is very clear that looking for mushrooms needs learning from an expert, not just books, because deadly poisonous types exist. His advice is joining a group and learning from experienced people. 1．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By listing numbers. B．By answering some questions. C．Through a brief comparison. D．Through a personal experience. 2．What is Dan Scott’s attitude towards Janani Sivarajah’s opinion? A．Unclear. B．Supportive. C．Worried. D．Doubtful. 3．Why are people prevented from foraging in some parks in Canada? A．Foraging can have bad effects on local wildlife. B．Foraging causes local farmers to make less money. C．Foraging often leads to people picking up some poisonous plants. D．Foraging influences the development of Canada’s food systems. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why is foraging a valuable practice? B．The benefits and challenges of foraging C．Methods of foraging for seaweed safely D．Why is foraging becoming popular again? When I was young, Dad brought home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”. My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her, then there were baths, playing catch and many other games. Brownie, in return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them. We always felt better when she was around. One day, as I was getting her food, she chewed up (咬破) one of Dad’s shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end. I knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her know what she did was wrong. When I looked at her and said, “Bad girl,” she looked down at the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear in her eyes. Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet, she went everywhere with us. People would stop and ask if they could pet her. Of course she’d let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog. There were many times when we’d be out walking and a small child would come over and pull her hair. She never barked (吠) or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from the truth, she loved everyone. Now many years have passed since Brownie died of old age. I still miss days when she was with us. 1．What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family? A．Keep them company. B．Look at them sadly. C．Play games with them. D．Touch them gently. 2．We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Brownie ________. A．would eat anything when hungry B．felt sorry for her mistake C．loved playing hide-and-seek D．disliked the author’s dad 3．Why does the author say that Brownie was more than just a family pet? A．She was treated as a member of the family. B．She played games with anyone she liked. C．She went everywhere with the family. D．She was loved by everybody she met. 4．Which of the following best describes Brownie? A．Caring. B．Polite. C．Brave. D．Shy. It’s often said that people who are born blind or lose their sight, especially when young, can touch, taste, smell, and hear better than those who can see. Donna Posont, who is blind, helps others use their enhanced hearing (增强的听力) to detect (探测) thousands of bird songs. Posont is a graduate of the University of Michigan-Dearborn. She leads a monthly program she founded at the college. It’s called Birding by Ear and Beyond. It’s held on Saturday each month. During the program, Posont leads visually-impaired (视力受损的) people through 120 acres (英亩) of campus forest. They listen for the sounds of many birds. These include crows, geese, chickadees, woodpeckers, robins, and red-winged blackbirds. Participants learn to tell the sometimes subtle differences between bird species (物种). They also learn how each bird fits into their habitat (栖息地). “The world is designed for sighted people (视力正常的人), but nature is a special place where it’s okay to be blind,” Posont told The Washington Post. “You can use your other senses to learn why birds and nature are important and how it all works (as one). To me, that’s the beauty of it.” Through her program, Posont not only helps visually impaired individuals connect with nature but also inspires them to challenge their perceptions (认知) and embrace the world through a different point. The ability to identify birds by ear becomes a gateway (门户) to understanding the relationships within ecosystems (生态系统) and the value of nature. 1．What does Posont’s program focus on? A．Helping blind people identify birds by sound. B．Leading blind people to protect campus forest. C．Training blind people to be nature guides. D．Providing blind people a safe outdoor space. 2．Why does Posont think nature is a special place for blind people? A．Nature helps people learn about birds’ habitat. B．Nature benefits blind people’s physical health. C．Blind people can study the behavior of wildlife. D．Blind people can experience nature with other senses. 3．What can you infer from the last paragraph? A．The challenge of Posont’s program. B．The process of Posont’s program. C．The importance of Posont’s program. D．The development of Posont’s program. 4．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Natural Sound: A Journey to the Unknown B．Birding by Ear: A Program for the Blind C．Beauty of Nature: A Journey of Discovery D．Donna Posont: A Volunteer for Bird Protection In order to help change our influence on the environment of the earth, a California-based organisation is searching to build an AI language. It can allow people to deeply understand nonhuman languages. Aza Raskin is the co-founder and president of the Earth Species Project (ESP), an organisation that uses a form of AI to translate non-human languages. ESP wants to use its machine learning technology to understand this important information and make it easily known to the public. Raskin stressed their purpose to help in the protection by explaining, “The end we are working towards is, we can discover the non-human language, and decode (破译) animal communication. Along the way, what is also important is that we are developing technology that supports scientists and protection.” ESP believes that understanding languages can help deepen our relationship with animals and allow us to better protect them. In the past, understanding the communication of animals heavily depended on a great deal of observation. Whether it is alarm calls or sounds made by dolphins or elephants, scientists have been amazed by the different forms of non-human communication present in these animals. With the development of new technologies, researchers have now begun to understand a great deal of data they can get through machine learning. Elodie Briefer, a professor at the University of Copenhagen, has recently helped co-develop a pig grunt (呼噜声) analysing algorithm. It can help scientists understand whether the pigs are expressing positive or negative feelings. However, ESP is doing it differently, by focusing on all kinds of animals, not just one. ESP believes it is likely that social animals communicate with each other, for example, whales and dolphins. Although ESP believes that understanding AI machine learning data is only one step towards full communication, it believes that one day we will be able to understand entire systems of communication. 1．What is the main goal of the Earth Species Project? A．To focus on marine animal research. B．To decode animal communication using AI technology. C．To develop products featuring animal voices. D．To replace traditional animal observation methods completely. 2．How did researchers primarily study animal communication in the past? A．Through extensive observation. B．By focusing only on pig grunts. C．Using machine learning algorithms. D．By developing AI language models. 3．How does ESP’s approach differ from Elodie Briefer’s research? A．ESP uses simpler algorithms. B．ESP relies more on human observation. C．ESP studies a wider range of species. D．ESP ignores emotional aspects of communication. 4．What does ESP believe about the future of understanding animal communication? A．It will remain limited to simple sounds. B．Only marine animals can be fully decoded. C．Only machine learning data will ever be available. D．Full communication systems may eventually be understood. 重难语篇提升练 Wheat was among the first plants to be domesticated and is now the most widespread crop in the world. It thus sounds unlikely there would be much left to learn about what makes it so popular. Yet, some 12,000 years after relations between people and wheat began, a wheat plant has been caught doing something unexpected. It helped itself to some much-needed phosphorus (磷) when its leaves received a coating of desert dust. The plant (or, rather, plants) in question were in the care of Avner Gross of the Ben Gurion University of the Negev, in Israel. As Dr Gross told this year’s meeting of the American Geophysical Union, his study was inspired by a hike he had taken near Neve Shalom, his home village in the Judean Hills. On these, he often noticed plant leaves completely covered in dust that had been carried there by sand storms from the Sahara Desert. It occurred to him that this dust might not be the light-blocking substance it appeared at first sight. It could, on the contrary, be beneficial because of the growth-enhancing elements such as phosphorus which it contained. Until then, botanists had assumed that phosphorus in dust landing on a plant was of little value, because it is locked up in a mineral called apatite. This makes it unavailable for absorption. Dr Gross, however, reasoned that plants which had evolved near deserts, the source of almost all naturally occurring dust in the atmosphere, might well have evolved to exploit it. He and two colleagues, therefore started experimenting with a pair of species, wheat and chickpeas (the world’s 17th most planted crop), that both came originally from the Middle East. As a control, they also raised some maize (玉米), a plant from the Americas that evolved in far less dusty surroundings. First, having established them as seedlings (秧苗), they starved their supply of phosphorus until signs of deficiency such as yellow leaves appeared. Then they spread desert dust on the leaves of half of them, while taking steps to stop any of it reaching the soil. After this, though the dust-covered maize continued to suffer from phosphorus deficiency, the wheat and chickpea plants grew to more than double the size of their undusted lab-mates. What is more, these species were clearly ready for the dust’s arrival. As soon as a lack of phosphorus announced itself, two things happened. Their leaves became hairier, and therefore better at capturing dust. And those leaves also started secreting acid fluids that could dissolve any incoming apatite, assisting phosphorus’s absorption. 1．Why is phosphorus much needed by some plants? A．It is common in America. B．It can be found in the dust. C．It helps them to grow well. D．It has some unexpected effects. 2．Before Dr Gross, botanists considered phosphorus in dust landing on a plant useless because they thought _______. A．plants couldn’t take it in B．desert plants didn’t need it C．it worked by blocking light D．it could work well with apatite 3．The word “deficiency” (in Para.5) is closest in meaning to _______ . A．Over-consumption B．disadvantage C．inefficiency D．shortage 4．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Chickpea evolved better than domesticated wheat. B．Sandstorm dust might contain unknown chemicals. C．Maize couldn’t produce apatite-dissolving substance. D．Plants couldn’t absorb enough nutrition from the soil. Yellowstone’s wolves are helping a new generation of young aspen (山杨) trees to grow tall and join the forest — the first new generation of such trees in Yellowstone’s northern range in 80 years. Gray wolves had disappeared from Yellowstone National Park by 1930 following extensive habitat loss, human hunting and government wolf-killing programs. Without these wolves, populations of deer grew quickly. At their peak population, an estimated 18,000 deer ranged across the park, living on grasses as well as the leaves of trees like aspen. This prevented young trees from establishing themselves, and surveys in the 1990s found no young aspen trees. But when wolves were reintroduced in 1995, the picture began to change. As wolf numbers rose, the deer population in the park dropped sharply, and it is now down to about 2,000. In the new study, published in the journal Forest Ecology and Management, Luke Painter and his colleagues from Oregon State University surveyed aspen stands. “We’re seeing significant new growth of young aspen and this is the first time that we’ve found it in our plots since the 1940s,” Painter said. However, while Yellowstone’s aspen are recovering, they aren’t out of the woods just yet. The deer population has declined, but bison (野牛) numbers have increased in recent years. Bison are a lot harder for wolves to take down, said Painter, so increasing numbers of bison may be emerging as a new restriction on aspen in some areas. The re-emergence of aspen has widespread effects, Painter said. “Aspen are a key species for biodiversity. The aspen trees let more sunlight through their leaves, which creates a habitat that supports a lot of diversity of plants.” “The paper shows the important ecological benefits occurring from the restoration of wolves to Yellowstone National Park,” Dominick Spracklen, a professor at the University of Leeds, said. “Ecosystems that lack large carnivores (食肉动物) are often increasingly out of balance. While reintroducing carnivores raises important challenges around human-wildlife coexistence, this work brings the significant ecological benefits in the long run.” 1．What can be inferred about Yellowstone Park before 1930 according to the text? A．Deer population reached its peak. B．Human activities slightly affected wolves. C．Bison were the main species in the park. D．Gray wolves existed with deer there. 2．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean? A．The aspen trees are too young to make a forest. B．The aspen trees cannot get rid of survival threat. C．Other tree species may hold back aspen’s recovery. D．Yellowstone is not the best habitat for aspen trees. 3．What is Professor Spracklen’s attitude toward carnivore restoration in ecosystems? A．Favorable. B．Skeptical. C．Disapproving. D．Worried. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The History of Gray wolves in Yellowstone B．The Return of Gray wolves Revives Aspen Trees C．The Challenges of Human-Wildlife Coexistence Grow D．The Restoration of Large Carnivores in National Parks 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $