暑假作业11 Unit5 Into the Wild词汇与阅读（巩固培优）高一英语外研版

**基本信息** 以“走进自然”主题为统领，构建“词汇-短语-句型-语用”四维训练体系，融合构词法、句法分析与主题语境，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |核心词汇|50高频词+80拓展词|构词法（前缀un-/re-）、搭配（如seek for）、词性转换（如migrate→migration）|从主题场景词（野生动物/生态）到高考高频词，按“音形义-考点-应用”递进| |核心句型|7个长难句|句子成分划分（定语从句/同位语从句）、仿写模板（如强调句It is...who...）|从简单句过渡到复合句，结合课文例句解析语法规则与逻辑关系| |考点练习|5类题型（完成句子/阅读等）|语境化填词（短文填空）、长难句理解（阅读）、主题写作迁移|对应词汇/句型模块，实现“基础巩固-能力应用-思维提升”闭环|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业11 Unit5 Into the Wild词汇与阅读 1、 核心基础信息 必修第一册Unit5 Into the Wild核心基础信息 模块 核心内容 初升高衔接重点 学习目标 教材对应板块 难度等级 单元主题 Into the wild（走进自然），围绕自然探索、野生动物、生态保护、户外冒险主题展开 从初中基础自然类词汇到高中进阶生态类词汇，从简单句到复合句的过渡 掌握单元核心词汇、句型、语法，能完成自然探索、生态保护相关主题的写作与交流 Starting out, Understanding ideas ★★★★☆ 核心词汇 高频核心词50个，拓展词80个，覆盖野生动物、生态环境、户外探险、自然现象四大场景 构词法拓展词汇，前缀/后缀记忆法，解决高中词汇量激增的难点 能熟练拼写、运用核心词汇，掌握前缀un-/re-/dis-、后缀-able/-tion/-ment的用法 Vocabulary, Using language ★★★★☆ 核心句型 定语从句进阶、非谓语动词、让步状语从句、倒装句、强调句等高中核心句型 从初中简单句到高中复合句的过渡，长难句句子成分划分方法 能分析长难句结构，熟练运用核心句型进行写作与翻译 Understanding ideas, Using language ★★★★★ 核心语法 定语从句进阶、非谓语动词综合用法、时态综合运用、倒装句、强调句 初三语法的巩固与高一进阶语法的衔接，解决高中长难句分析的核心痛点 能熟练运用核心语法规则，完成语法填空、短文改错等题型 Using language, Developing ideas ★★★★★ 写作能力 自然探索类记叙文、生态保护类议论文、户外冒险类应用文写作 从初中记叙文到高中夹叙夹议文的过渡，写作句型升级、篇章结构优化 能完成100-150词的相关主题写作，做到内容完整、句式多样、语法正确 Developing ideas, Presenting ideas ★★★★☆ 2、 核心词汇 必修第一册Unit5核心词汇 序号 单词 音标 词性 中文释义 核心考点提示 1 charity /'tʃærəti/ n. 慈善机构，慈善团体 高考高频名词，核心搭配：charity organization 慈善机构；charity work 慈善工作，是社会类主题高频词 2 monarch /'mɒnək/ n. 君主，国王 高考核心名词，核心搭配：monarch butterfly 黑脉金斑蝶，是本单元核心场景词 3 Atlantic /ət'læntɪk/ adj. 大西洋的 高考高频形容词，核心搭配：the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋，是地理类场景高频词 4 whale /weɪl/ n. 鲸 高考核心名词，动物类场景高频词，核心搭配：a blue whale 蓝鲸 5 annual /'ænjuəl/ adj. 一年一度的，每年的 高考高频形容词，核心搭配：annual migration 年度迁徙；annual meeting 年会，是说明文高频词 6 migration /maɪ'greɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 迁徙 高考核心名词，核心搭配：animal migration 动物迁徙，是本单元核心主题词，注意词性转换：migrate v. 迁徙 7 migrate /maɪ'greɪt/ v. 移栖，迁徙 高考核心动词，核心搭配：migrate to sp. 迁徙到某地，是本单元核心主题词，注意词性转换：migration n. 迁徙 8 seek /siːk/ v. 寻找，寻求 高考核心动词，核心搭配：seek for sth. 寻找某物；seek help 寻求帮助，是高频不规则动词，过去式 / 过去分词：sought/sought 9 professor /prə'fesə/ n. 教授 高考核心名词，职业类场景高频词，核心搭配：a university professor 大学教授 10 measure /'meʒə/ v. 量，测量 高考核心动词 / 名词，核心搭配：measure sth. 测量某物；take measures 采取措施，是高考高频核心词 11 position /pə'zɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 位置 高考核心名词，核心搭配：the position of sth. 某物的位置；in a good position 处于有利位置，是高考高频核心词 12 determine /dɪ'tɜːmɪn/ v. 测定，确定 高考核心动词，核心搭配：determine sth. 确定某物；determine to do sth. 决定做某事，注意词性转换：determination n. 决心 13 eventually /ɪ'ventʃuəli/ adv. 终于，最终 高考高频副词，常用于记叙文 / 说明文描述结果，是写作中提升逻辑的高频词 14 solution /sə'luːʃ(ə)n/ n. 解决，解决方法 高考核心名词，核心搭配：the solution to sth. 某事的解决方法，是高考高频核心词，注意词性转换：solve v. 解决 15 mystery /'mɪst(ə)ri/ n. 难以理解的事物，谜 高考高频名词，核心搭配：solve the mystery 解开谜团，是说明文 / 记叙文高频词 16 amazing /ə'meɪzɪŋ/ adj. 惊人的，了不起的 高考高频形容词，核心搭配：amazing scene 惊人的场景，注意词根词缀：amaze v. 使惊讶 + -ing 形容词后缀 17 crash /kræʃ/ v. 暴跌 高考核心动词 / 名词，核心搭配：crash down 暴跌；a car crash 车祸，是高频多义词 18 per cent /pə'sent/ n. 百分比 高考高频名词，核心搭配：100 per cent 百分之百，是说明文数据类高频词 19 destroy /dɪ'strɔɪ/ v. 破坏，毁掉 高考核心动词，核心搭配：destroy sth. 破坏某物，注意词性转换：destruction n. 破坏；destructive adj. 破坏性的 20 chemical /'kemɪk(ə)l/ n. 化学品 高考核心名词 / 形容词，核心搭配：dangerous chemicals 危险化学品；chemical reaction 化学反应，是科学类场景高频词 21 caterpillar /'kætəˌpɪlə/ n. 毛虫（蝴蝶等昆虫的幼虫） 高考核心名词，动物类场景高频词，是本单元核心场景词 22 creature /'kriːtʃə/ n. 生物，动物 高考核心名词，核心搭配：wild creatures 野生动物，是本单元核心主题词 23 survive /sə'vaɪv/ v. 活下来，幸存 高考核心动词，核心搭配：survive from sth. 从某物中幸存，注意词性转换：survival n. 幸存；survivor n. 幸存者 24 effect /ɪ'fekt/ n. 影响，结果 高考核心名词，核心搭配：have an effect on sth. 对某物有影响，是高考高频核心词，注意词性转换：affect v. 影响 25 flow chart /'fləʊ tʃɑːt/ n. 流程图，作业图 场景词汇，学习类主题高频词，核心搭配：a flow chart of the process 流程的流程图 26 accommodation /əˌkɒmə'deɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 住处，工作场所 高考核心名词，核心搭配：student accommodation 学生宿舍，是生活场景高频词 27 idiom /'ɪdiəm/ n. 习语，成语 高考核心名词，核心搭配：English idioms 英语习语，是语言学习类高频词 28 authority /ɔː'θɒrəti/ n. 当权，权力 高考核心名词，核心搭配：the local authority 当地政府；have authority over sb. 对某人有管辖权，是社会类主题高频词 29 source /sɔːs/ n. 来源，出处 高考核心名词，核心搭配：the source of sth. 某物的来源；energy source 能源，是高考高频核心词 30 found /faʊnd/ v. 创立，创建 高考核心动词，核心搭配：found a company 创立公司，注意过去式 / 过去分词：founded/founded，是高频不规则动词 31 photographer /fə'tɒgrəfə/ n. 摄影师 高考核心名词，职业类场景高频词，核心搭配：a nature photographer 自然摄影师，是本单元核心场景词，注意词性转换：photograph v./n. 拍照；照片 32 button /'bʌtn/ n. 按钮 场景词汇，生活类主题高频词，核心搭配：press the button 按按钮 33 recover /rɪ'kʌvə/ v. （从糟糕经历中）恢复 高考核心动词，核心搭配：recover from sth. 从某物中恢复，注意词性转换：recovery n. 恢复 34 shock /ʃɒk/ n. 吃惊，震惊 高考核心名词 / 动词，核心搭配：in shock 震惊；shock sb. 使某人震惊，注意词性转换：shocked adj. 感到震惊的；shocking adj. 令人震惊的 35 element /'elɪmənt/ n. 基本部分，要素 高考核心名词，核心搭配：the elements of sth. 某物的要素；the elements 天气（尤指坏天气），是高考高频核心词 36 encounter /ɪn'kaʊntə/ n. 意外的相遇，邂逅 高考核心名词 / 动词，核心搭配：an encounter with sb./sth. 与某人 / 某物的意外相遇，是记叙文高频词 37 variety /və'raɪəti/ n. 多样化，变化 高考核心名词，核心搭配：a variety of 各种各样的，是高考高频核心词，注意词性转换：various adj. 各种各样的 38 per /pə/ prep. 每 高考高频介词，核心搭配：per day 每天；per cent 百分比，是说明文数据类高频词 39 path /pɑːθ/ n. 小径，小道 高考核心名词，核心搭配：a mountain path 山间小径，是户外场景高频词 40 breathtaking /'breθˌteɪkɪŋ/ adj. 令人惊叹的 高考高频形容词，核心搭配：breathtaking view 令人惊叹的景色，注意词根词缀：breath n. 呼吸 + take v. 拿 + -ing 形容词后缀 41 eagle /'iːg(ə)l/ n. 鹰 高考核心名词，动物类场景高频词，是本单元核心场景词 42 concentrate /'kɒns(ə)ntreɪt/ v. 专注，专心 高考核心动词，核心搭配：concentrate on sth. 专注于某物，注意词性转换：concentration n. 专注，集中 43 freeze /friːz/ v. 突然停止，呆住 高考核心动词，核心搭配：freeze with fear 吓呆了，是高频不规则动词，过去式 / 过去分词：froze/frozen 44 stare /steə/ v. 凝视，盯着看 高考核心动词，核心搭配：stare at sb./sth. 盯着某人 / 某物看，是记叙文高频词 45 capture /'kæptʃə/ v. （用文字或图片）记录，捕捉 高考核心动词，核心搭配：capture the moment 捕捉瞬间；capture the scene 记录场景，是本单元核心场景词 46 image /'ɪmɪdʒ/ n. 图像，影像 高考核心名词，核心搭配：a digital image 数字图像，是摄影 / 数字类场景高频词 47 reaction /ri'ækʃ(ə)n/ n. （对某一情形或事件的）反应 高考核心名词，核心搭配：reaction to sth. 对某物的反应，注意词性转换：react v. 反应 48 file /faɪl/ n. 档案，文件 高考核心名词 / 动词，核心搭配：a file of documents 一档案文件；file sth. 把某物归档，是学习 / 工作场景高频词 3、 核心短语与固定搭配 必修第一册Unit5核心短语与固定搭配 序号 短语/固定搭配 中文释义 课文适配例句 1 manage to do 设法做成某事 Eventually, it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter. 2 the solution to …… 的解决方法 Scientists are trying to find the solution to the mystery of the butterfly migration. 3 human activity 人类活动 Human activity has a great effect on the migration of monarch butterflies. 4 cut down trees 砍伐树木 Cutting down trees has destroyed the living environment of many animals. 5 brave the elements 不顾天气恶劣，冒着风雨 As a nature photographer, I have to brave the elements. 6 be famous for 因…… 而闻名 Yellowstone is famous for the variety of its wildlife, but it is probably best known for its bears. 7 be known for 因…… 而闻名 This zoo is known for its elephant conservation programme. 8 at a speed of 以…… 的速度 The butterfly can fly at a speed of 12 kilometres per hour. 9 concentrate on 专注于，专心于 While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. 10 recover from 从…… 中恢复 It took a long time for him to recover from the shock of the accident. 11 show respect to 对…… 表示尊重 From time to time I look at the photo as a reminder to show respect to all animals. 12 after all 毕竟，终究 It is after all we who are the visitors to their world. 13 kill two birds with one stone 一举两得，一箭双雕 I can kill two birds with one stone by going shopping and visiting my friend on the way. 14 when the cat's away (the mice will play) 猫儿不在，老鼠作怪（指管事的不在，下面的人玩个痛快） When the teacher is out of the classroom, the children are very noisy, just like when the cat's away, the mice will play. 15 hold your horses 慢点，别急 Hold your horses! We still have plenty of time to get to the station. 16 rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨 We had to stay at home all day because it was raining cats and dogs outside. 17 the elements 天气（尤指坏天气） The elements were very bad during our camping trip, with strong wind and heavy rain. 18 a variety of 各种各样的 There are a variety of wild animals in Yellowstone National Park. 19 from time to time 不时，偶尔 From time to time I go to the park to take photos of the birds. 20 be reflected in 倒映在…… 中 The mountains were reflected in the still lake below. 4、 核心句型与长难句分析 必修第一册Unit5核心句型与长难句分析 序号 句型/长难句 句子类型 句子成分分析 仿写模板与例句 1 These two pieces of information – the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky – allow the butterfly to determine the way to go. 复合句（限制性定语从句） ① 主句主语：These two pieces of information；② 同位语：– the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky –（解释说明主语的内容，其中 the point 为先行词，where the sun is in the sky 是关系副词 where 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰 the point，where 在从句中作地点状语）；③ 主句谓语：allow；④ 主句宾语：the butterfly；⑤ 宾语补足语：to determine the way to go。 仿写模板：主语 + 同位语（含定语从句） + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语.仿写例句：These two skills – the ability to read and the ability to write – are the basic skills that every student should master. 2 Eventually, it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter. 复合句（限制性定语从句） ① 时间状语：Eventually；② 主句主语：it；③ 主句谓语：manages to reach；④ 主句宾语：the places；⑤ 限制性定语从句：where it will spend the winter（关系副词 where 引导，修饰先行词 the places，where 在从句中作地点状语，表 “在这些地方”）。 仿写模板：时间状语，主语 + 谓语 + 先行词 + 关系副词 where 引导的限制性定语从句.仿写例句：Finally, we arrived at the village where we would stay for the whole summer holiday. 3 As a nature photographer, I have to brave the elements. 简单句 ① 方式状语：As a nature photographer（介词短语作状语，表身份）；② 主句主语：I；③ 主句谓语：have to brave；④ 主句宾语：the elements。 仿写模板：As + 身份名词，主语 + 谓语 + 宾语.仿写例句：As a student, I should study hard and finish my homework on time. 4 As the world's first national park, Yellowstone is famous for the variety of its wildlife, but it is probably best known for its bears. 并列复合句 ① 方式状语：As the world's first national park（介词短语作状语，表属性）；② 第一个并列分句主语：Yellowstone；③ 第一个并列分句谓语：is famous for；④ 第一个并列分句宾语：the variety of its wildlife；⑤ 转折连词：but；⑥ 第二个并列分句主语：it；⑦ 第二个并列分句谓语：is probably best known for；⑧ 第二个并列分句宾语：its bears。 仿写模板：As + 身份 / 属性名词，主语 1 + 谓语 1 + 宾语 1, but + 主语 2 + 谓语 2 + 宾语 2.仿写例句：As one of the oldest cities in China, Xi'an is famous for its long history, but it is also well known for its delicious food. 5 While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. 复合句（时间状语从句 + 同位语从句） ① 时间状语从句：While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene（while 引导的时间状语从句，表 “当…… 的时候”，从句中使用了过去进行时）；② 主句主语：I；③ 主句谓语：suddenly had；④ 主句宾语：a feeling；⑤ 同位语从句：that I was being watched（that 引导的同位语从句，解释说明 feeling 的具体内容，that 在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用）。 仿写模板：While + 时间状语从句，主句主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + that 引导的同位语从句.仿写例句：While I was walking in the forest, I suddenly had a feeling that someone was following me. 6 It is after all we who are the visitors to their world. 强调句 ① 强调句型结构：It is + 被强调部分 + who + 其他部分；② 被强调部分：we（句子的主语）；③ 状语：after all；④ 谓语：are；⑤ 表语：the visitors to their world。 仿写模板：It is + 被强调部分 + who/that + 其他成分.仿写例句：It is my parents who give me the most support and love in my life. 7 An eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains, which were reflected in the still lake below. 复合句（非限制性定语从句） ① 主句主语：An eagle；② 主句谓语：flew over；③ 主句宾语：the snow-capped mountains；④ 非限制性定语从句：which were reflected in the still lake below（which 引导的非限制性定语从句，指代先行词 the snow-capped mountains，which 在从句中作主语，对先行词进行补充说明）。 仿写模板：主语 + 谓语 + 先行词 + which 引导的非限制性定语从句.仿写例句：The sun shone brightly over the green fields, which were covered with beautiful flowers. 考点一 完成句子 1．The government will provide ________________ (临时住处) for up to three thousand people. (accommodation短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】temporary accommodation 【详解】考查名词短语。句意：政府将为多达三千人提供临时住处。“住处”accommodation，“临时的”使用形容词temporary，作定语修饰名词accommodation，名词短语temporary accommodation，作provide的宾语。故填temporary accommodation。 2．这次飞机失事的唯一幸存者是在三天后被发现的。（survive） The only ________ of the plane crash was found three days later. 【答案】survivor 【详解】考查名词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“幸存者”，是survivor，由was可知，空格处用单数，故填survivor。 3．The lost hiker had to ________________ (依靠……存活) wild berries and rainwater. (survive的短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】survive on 【详解】考查固定短语和不定式。句意：迷路的徒步旅行者只能靠野浆果和雨水维生。have to do sth.是固定短语，意为“不得不做某事”，“依靠……存活”是动词短语survive on，survive用原形，故填survive on。 4．Humans must restore ________ (与……关系好) nature by reducing pollution. (relationship短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】a good relationship with 【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意：人类必须通过减少污染来恢复与自然的良好关系。“与……关系好”是restore a good relationship with，因此空格处是a good relationship with。故填a good relationship with。 5．My little nephew __________dinosaurs—he can name over 50 species! (痴迷) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】is wild about 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我的小侄子痴迷恐龙——他能说出50多种恐龙的名字！根据汉语提示“痴迷”，对应的固定短语是“be wild about”，表示“对……痴迷、热衷于……”；句子描述的是现在的状态，用一般现在时，主语“My little nephew”是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is wild about。 6．Discounting prices boosted sales temporarily, but it’s ________________ (权宜之计). (solution短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】a quick-fix solution 【详解】考查名词短语。句意：降价促销暂时刺激了销售，但这只是权宜之计。根据汉语提示“权宜之计”可知，空处应用名词短语a quick-fix solution，作表语。故填a quick-fix solution。 7．She stayed up late ________________ (为某事做准备) tomorrow’s final exam. (preparation短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】in preparation for 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：她熬夜为明天的期末考试做准备。根据汉语提示“为某事做准备”以及提示词preparation可知，空处应用介词短语in preparation for，表示目的。故填in preparation for。 考点二 单词拼写 8．It was on the platform you stood just now that I found a wallet. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我就是在你刚才站的那个站台上捡到一个钱包的。此处需要使用关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词platform，先行词在从句中作地点状语，因此需使用关系副词where。故填where。 9．The path we are walking now leads to the mountain. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们现在走的那条小路通向那座山。设空处引导定语从句，先行词the path，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 10．This is the place I grew up. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我长大的地方。空处引导定语从句，先行词是place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。 11．Proper advice from the professionals should (seek) before you take any further action. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】be sought 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：在采取任何进一步行动之前，应寻求专业人士的适当建议。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且should后跟动词原形。故填be sought。 12．The reason I admire him is that he often works hard. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我佩服他的原因是他经常努力工作。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是The reason，关系词代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，需要用关系副词why引导。故填why。 13．I cannot forget the day I first visited the Great Wall. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我第一次参观长城的那一天。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the day，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 14．The rainbow can’t be seen at noon, the sun is high in the sky. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中午太阳高悬在天空时，是看不到彩虹的。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词noon，在从句作时间状语，故填when。 考点三 短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When you take a walk in any of the cities in the West, you often see a lot of people 15 (walk) with dogs. It is still true that the dog is the most useful and faithful animal in the world. But the reasons why people keep a dog 16 (change). In the old days, people used to train dogs to protect themselves against the attacks 17 other beasts. And later they came 18 (realize) that the dog was not only useful 19 willing to obey its master. For example, when people used dogs for hunting, the dogs would not eat what they caught without 20 (permit). But now people in the city need not protect themselves against attacks of animals. Why do they keep dogs, then? Some people keep dogs to protect themselves from robbery, but the 21 (important) reason is for companionship. For a child, 22 dog is his best friend when he has no friends to play with; for a young couple, a dog is 23 (they) child when they have no children; for old couples, a dog is also their child when their real children have grown up. So the main reason why people keep dogs has changed from 24 (protect) to friendship. 【答案】15．walking 16．have changed 17．by/from/of 18．to realize 19．but 20．permission 21．most important 22．a 23．their 24．protection 【导语】本文是说明文。主要讲述了人们养狗的原因随着时代的变迁而发生的变化，从过去的保护功能转变为现在的陪伴功能。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：当你在西方任何一个城市散步时，你经常会看到很多人带着狗散步。此处是固定搭配：see sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人在做某事”，现在分词作宾补。故填walking。 16．考查动词时态。句意：但是人们养狗的原因已经改变了。句子的主语是reasons，why引导的是定语从句，change是主句谓语动词。 根据语境意思，人们养狗的原因已经改变了，故用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have changed。 17．考查介词。句意：在过去，人们习惯于训练狗来保护自己免受其他野兽的攻击。此处可以理解为“其他野兽的攻击”用介词of，也可以理解为“来自其他野兽的攻击”用介词from，还可以理解为“被其他野兽攻击”用介词by。故填of或者from或者by。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：后来他们逐渐意识到，狗不仅有用，而且愿意服从它的主人。此处是固定搭配：come to realize意为“逐渐意识到”。故填to realize。 19．考查连词。句意：后来他们逐渐意识到，狗不仅有用，而且愿意服从它的主人。此处是固定搭配：not only...but...意为“不但……而且……”。故填but。 20．考查名词。句意：例如，当人们用狗打猎时，狗不会吃未经允许捕获的东西。空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，permit的名词形式是permission意为“允许”，without permission“未经许可”。故填permission。 21．考查形容词。句意：有些人养狗是为了保护自己免受抢劫，但最重要的原因是为了陪伴。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，此处表达“最重要的”之意，用最高级。故填most important。 22．考查冠词。句意：对于一个孩子来说，当他没有朋友一起玩的时候，狗是他最好的朋友；对一对年轻夫妇来说，没有孩子的时候，狗就是他们的孩子；对于老夫妇来说，当他们真正的孩子长大后，狗也是他们的孩子。dog为可数名词，句中用的单数，表泛指，应该用不定冠词修饰，dog为辅音音素开头，用a修饰。故填a。 23．考查代词。句意：对于一个孩子来说，当他没有朋友一起玩的时候，狗是他最好的朋友；对一对年轻夫妇来说，没有孩子的时候，狗就是他们的孩子；对于老夫妇来说，当他们真正的孩子长大后，狗也是他们的孩子。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。 24．考查名词。句意：所以人们养狗的主要原因已经从保护变成了友谊。空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，protect的名词形式是protection意为“保护”。故填protection。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A restaurant in downtown Shanghai is open to pets, serving fancy dog dinners. Hengheng, a one-year-old Border Collie, recently enjoyed his birthday party at this restaurant, where he happily ate the pet-only 25 (dish). Hengheng’s owner, Tiffany Wang, 26 (feel) joyful when seeing her dog enjoy the special occasion just like a beloved child. Along with a group of six people 27 (celebrate) the birthday, they took pictures of Hengheng as he sat in a seat, wearing a cute cupcake hat. China’s pet economy has been 28 the rise, according to research firm iMedia Research. Experts think this market will keep growing in the future. This 29 (grow) is partly because families in China are getting smaller. As 30 result, having pets has become 31 (increasing) important for many individuals. The Cat and Dog Club, set up in 2021 32 (meet) the demands of this growing population of pet lovers, offers a big menu for its animal customers. Manager Ma Tao says that the dishes 33 (prepare) without sugar, oil, or additives, ensuring they meet high standards of quality and freshness. While the food is designed for pets, it is also safe for human consumption, although it may not taste like something 34 people usually like. 【答案】25．dishes 26．felt 27．celebrating 28．on 29．growth 30．a 31．increasingly 32．to meet 33．are prepared 34．that 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了上海一家对宠物开放的餐厅，阐述了中国宠物经济不断发展的现状和原因，以及“猫狗俱乐部”的相关举措。 【详解】25．考查名词。句意：一岁的边牧Hengheng最近在这家餐厅举办了生日派对，在那里它开心地吃着专供宠物的菜肴。dish是可数名词，此处表泛指，应用复数形式dishes。故填dishes。 26．考查动词时态。句意：Hengheng的主人蒂芙尼・王看到自己的狗像心爱的孩子一样享受这个特别的时刻，感到很高兴。根据上一段的enjoyed和ate可知，这是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。feel的过去式是felt。故填felt。 27．考查现在分词。句意：和一群正在庆祝生日的六个人一起，他们拍下了Hengheng的照片 —— 当时Hengheng坐在座位上，戴着一顶可爱的杯糕帽。a group of six people与celebrate是主谓关系，应用现在分词形式celebrating，作后置定语。故填celebrating。 28．考查介词。句意：根据艾媒咨询的数据，中国的宠物经济一直在增长。on the rise是固定短语，意为“在增长；在上升”。故填on。 29．考查名词。句意：这种增长部分是因为中国的家庭规模越来越小。根据this可知，此空是名词单数或不可数名词作句子主语。grow的名词形式为growth，不可数。故填growth。 30．考查冠词。句意：因此，养宠物对许多人来说变得越来越重要。as a result是固定短语，意为“因此；结果”。故填a。 31．考查副词。句意：因此，养宠物对许多人来说变得越来越重要。此空修饰形容词important，应用副词。increasing的副词形式为increasingly。故填increasingly。 32．考查动词不定式。句意：成立于2021年的“猫狗俱乐部”是为了满足不断增长的宠物爱好者群体的需求，为其动物顾客提供了丰富的菜单。成立该俱乐部的目的是满足需求，此空应用动词不定式to meet作目的状语。故填to meet。 33．考查动词时态语态。句意：经理马涛（音译）说，这些菜肴是在没有糖、油或添加剂的情况下准备的，确保它们符合高质量和新鲜度的标准。dishes与prepare是动宾关系，根据says可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态，宾语主语the dishes是复数，be动词用are，prepare的过去分词是prepared。故填are prepared。 34．考查定语从句。句意：虽然这些食物是为宠物设计的，但对人类食用也是安全的，尽管它的味道可能不像人们通常喜欢的东西。先行词是something，在定语从句中作like的宾语，关系代词只能用that。故填that。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Pets aren’t just hairy toys for your children. Now it has been proved that animals play a great role 35 the children’s identity development. Children are always on good terms with pets and love them sincerely, because they aren’t 36 harsh and arrogant (傲慢的) as many adults can be. It seems to me that there 37 (be) some kind of link between pets and kids. Pets can help parents train 38 (responsible), compassion, self-confidence and carefulness in children. Pets often act as 39 caring family psychotherapist. Those children 40 grow up without brothers or sisters sometimes feel lonely, especially when parents are at work or busy with their housework. Children have a chance 41 (talk) to the pet or share their feelings, which gives 42 (they) a big relief from stress and worries. The child can 43 (treat) it to something tasty, a hug or just playing an active game. Let your child grow up with a nice and 44 (devote) pet. It doesn’t matter whether it’s a dog, a cat or a fish. Everything depends on the type of the child’s temperament (性格). 【答案】35．in 36．so 37．is 38．responsibility 39．a 40．who/that 41．to talk 42．them 43．treat 44．devoted 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了宠物不只是孩子的毛绒玩具，还对孩子身份发展重要，能培养其品质、缓解孤独，建议让孩子与宠物一起成长。 35．考查介词。句意：现在已经被证明，动物在儿童身份发展中起着重要作用。play a role in为固定短语，意为“在……中起作用”，所以空处需填介词in。故填in。 36．考查固定搭配。句意：孩子们总是和宠物相处融洽，真诚地爱它们，因为它们不像许多成年人那样严厉和傲慢。not so...as...为固定搭配，表示“不如，不像……那样”。故填so。 37．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在我看来，宠物和孩子之间有某种联系。根据seems以及语意可知，that从句陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，there be句型中，be动词的单复数遵循就近原则，主语是some kind of link，be动词用is。故填is。 38．考查名词。句意：宠物可以帮助父母培养孩子的责任感、同情心、自信心和细心。空处需填名词形式，作train的宾语，结合“compassion, self-confidence and carefulness”可知，此处表示责任感，应使用名词responsibility。故填responsibility。 39．考查冠词。句意：宠物经常扮演一个充满爱心的家庭心理治疗师的角色。此处表示泛指，应使用不定冠词，且caring发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处需填不定冠词a。故填a。 40．考查定语从句。句意：那些没有兄弟姐妹一起长大的孩子有时会感到孤独，尤其是当父母在工作或忙于家务时。空处引导定语从句，先行词Those children，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。故填who/that。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们有机会和宠物聊天或分享他们的感受，这让他们从压力和担忧中得到了很大的缓解。have a chance to do sth.为固定短语，意为“有机会做某事”，所以空处需填动词不定式作后置定语。故填to talk。 42．考查代词。句意同上。空处需填代词的宾格形式them，作gives的宾语。故填them。 43．考查动词。句意：孩子可以给它一些美味的东西，一个拥抱，或者只是玩一个活跃的游戏。结合语意可知，treat与主语The child之间是主动关系，且情态动词can后接动词原形形式。故填treat。 44．考查形容词。句意：让你的孩子在一个善良和忠诚的宠物陪伴下长大。空处需填形容词作定语修饰名词pet，devote的形容词为devoted“忠诚的”。故填devoted。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 I can still remember my primary school homework on animals. I decided 45 (write) about the whale (鲸鱼). I have loved them from a young age. I’m not quite sure why I love them. It might be something about 46 (they) shape. They have a smooth shape, and their tails look like a heart. They also move so 47 (slow) and beautifully, like a tree dancing in the wind. This way, they seem very clever. So, of course, one of my best memories 48 (be) when I got to see a type of whale called the Southern Right Whale in Argentina. Watching them moving smoothly in the water, I felt 49 (happy) than ever. They were so beautiful! And I’m not the only one who loves whales. Different peoples across the world have a special place for whales in their 50 (heart). Take the Maori people in New Zealand as 51 example. Living by the ocean, they see whales as guardians (守护者) of the ocean and talk about them a lot in their 52 (tradition) stories. Why was I interested in whales like the Maori people? 53 they need our protection. That’s what my school homework was about — an imals we need to protect. Whales play a big role 54 the ocean. So, protecting whales means protecting the whole ocean. 【答案】45．to write 46．their 47．slowly 48．was 49．happier 50．hearts 51．an 52．traditional 53．Because 54．in 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者喜欢鲸鱼的原因。 【详解】45．考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定写一篇关于鲸鱼的文章。短语decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”。故填to write。 46．考查代词。句意：可能和它们的形状有关。修饰名词shape应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 47．考查副词。句意：它们移动得又慢又美，就像一棵在风中跳舞的树。这样，他们看起来很聪明。修饰动词move用副词slowly，故填slowly。 48．考查时态。句意：当然，我最美好的回忆之一就是我在阿根廷看到了一种叫做南露脊鲸的鲸鱼。空处为主句谓语动词，根据后文got可知为一般过去时，主语为one of my best memories，谓语用单数。故填was。 49．考查比较级。句意：看着它们在水里平稳地移动，我感到前所未有的快乐。根据后文than ever可知为比较级。故填happier。 50．考查名词的数。句意：世界上不同的民族在他们的心中对鲸鱼有着特殊的地位。根据上文Different peoples可知heart用复数形式。故填hearts。 51．考查冠词。句意：以新西兰的毛利人为例。短语take…as an example表示“以……为例”。故填an。 52．考查形容词。句意：他们生活在海边，把鲸鱼视为海洋的守护者，在他们的传统故事中经常谈论鲸鱼。修饰名词用形容词traditional，故填traditional。 53．考查状语从句。句意：因为他们需要我们的保护。此处回答上文“Why was I interested in whales like the Maori people?”表示“因为”应用because。首字母大写。故填Because。 54．考查介词。句意：鲸鱼在海洋中扮演着重要的角色。短语play a big role in表示“扮演重要角色”。故填in。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sturgeon (鲟鱼) plays an important part in the history. 55 (know) as one of the most ancient fish types, the sturgeon is believed to have lived with the dinosaurs more than 140 million years ago. However, according to the IUCN, one of the largest non-profit environmental protection 56 (organise), all remaining 26 sturgeon species in the world are now in danger of dying out. Their number has gone down over the past three generations, which is 57 (awkward) than previously thought. “The disappearance of the Chinese paddlefish (白鲟) should be a warning for everyone,” said Zhou Fei, China’s chief program officer. “It has provided 58 chance for the experts to raise public awareness about the need of protecting the species in the Yangtze River Basin 59 teach the public to save other species,” he added. 60 (stop) further losing of the species in China, people must act 61 (immediate). There is no time to waste. Also, long-term threats (威胁) to their life and living places must 62 (lift) by taking the most useful methods 63 will slow the speed of their disappearance. 64 is not something that can be achieved by certain departments. Instead, it requires joint efforts from all fields of society. 【答案】55．Known 56．organisations 57．more awkward 58．a 59．and 60．To stop 61．immediately 62．be lifted 63．that 64．That 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了鲟鱼面临灭绝的危险，呼吁人们立即行动保护鲟鱼。 55．考查非谓语动词。句意：鲟鱼被认为是最古老的鱼类之一，据信在1.4亿多年前就与恐龙生活在一起。本句已有谓语动词is believed，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，know和主语the sturgeon之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Known。 56．考查名词。句意：然而，根据国际自然保护联盟（IUCN），世界上最大的非营利环境保护组织之一，世界上所有现存的26种鲟鱼现在都面临灭绝的危险。one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“最……之一”，所以空处需用名词复数organisations。故填organisations。 57．考查形容词比较级。句意：在过去的三代人中，它们的数量已经减少，这比之前认为的更尴尬。由空后than previously thought可知，空处需用形容词awkward的比较级more awkward。故填more awkward。 58．考查代词。句意：它为专家们提供了一个机会，提高公众对保护长江流域物种的必要性的认识，并教育公众拯救其他物种。此处泛指一次机会，所以需要用不定冠词，且chance为辅音因素开始的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 59．考查连词。句意同上。raise和teach是并列关系，所以空处需用连词and连接。故填and。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了阻止中国物种的进一步流失，人们必须立即采取行动。空处需用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填To stop。 61．考查副词。句意同上。空处需用副词immediately“立刻”，作状语修饰动词act。故填immediately。 62．考查被动语态。句意：此外，必须采取最有效的方法来消除对它们生活和居住地的长期威胁，这将减缓它们消失的速度。主语threats与动词lift之间是被动关系，所以空处需用情态动词must的被动语态：must be done。故填be lifted。 63．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是methods，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，且关系词前有最高级修饰，所以空处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 64．考查代词。句意：这不是某些部门可以实现的事情。这里需要一个主语来指代上文提到的保护长江流域物种那件事，用that作主语，首字母大写。故填That。 考点一 阅读理解 Parrots are known for being able to copy some of the sounds that people make. They might say “hello” or “how are you?”, if they often hear those words and phrases. Some are even able to learn the names for objects and identify (识别) them. And a 4-year-old parrot in the US has been recognized by Guinness World Records after correctly identifying 12 objects in 3 minutes. That record-breaking bird is an African grey parrot named Apollo, who lives in Florida. He can identify things like books, bugs and socks. He has become popular on TikTok, where he has about 3 million followers. And a TikTok video of Apollo asking questions in 2023 has been watched 66 million times. The parrot is owned by a couple named Dalton and Victoria Mason. They’re video creators and they’ve been working hard to train the bird. The owners say they teach Apollo as if he were a child of preschool age. “We teach him as much as we can,” the couple told Guinness, adding that they focus on (聚焦) things that Apollo is interested in. Researchers have found that some African grey parrots are able to do better at some cognitive (认知的) tasks than 5-year-old children. And Apollo’s owners plan to keep teaching the bird to see how much he can learn and how many more records he can break. 65．The parrot was recognized by Guinness because he could ________. A．say hello to visitors B．give names to things around C．identify 12 things in 3 minutes D．repeat the words people speak 66．What can Apollo do according to paragraph 2? A．Eat harmful bugs. B．Put on socks. C．Sing for his followers. D．Communicate with people. 67．What do we know about the couple’s method of training Apollo? A．They pay attention to what he prefers. B．They play videos for him. C．They make him do difficult actions. D．They teach him like a teenager. 68．Which might be the best title for the text? A．TikTok: popular with birds B．Apollo: the record-breaking parrot C．The couple: No. 1 bird trainers D．Guinness: an organization for special animals 【答案】65．C 66．D 67．A 68．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了一只名叫阿波罗的非洲灰鹦鹉凭借超强识别能力创下吉尼斯世界纪录，还讲述了它的日常本领、走红情况以及主人独特的训练方式和未来训练计划。 【详解】65．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“And a 4-year-old parrot in the US has been recognized by Guinness World Records after correctly identifying 12 objects in 3 minutes.(美国一只四岁的鹦鹉因在三分钟内准确识别出十二样物品，获得了吉尼斯世界纪录认证。)” 可知，这只鹦鹉获得吉尼斯认证是因为它能在三分钟内识别十二样物品。 66．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“And a TikTok video of Apollo asking questions in 2023 has been watched 66 million times.(2023年一段阿波罗提问的抖音视频播放量达到了六千六百万次。)”可知，阿波罗可以和人进行交流。 67．细节理解题。根据原文第三段““We teach him as much as we can,” the couple told Guinness, adding that they focus on things that Apollo is interested in.(这对夫妇告诉吉尼斯官方：“我们尽自己所能教它东西”，还补充说他们会专注教阿波罗感兴趣的事物。)”可知，这对夫妇训练阿波罗时会留意它的喜好。 68．主旨大意题。根据原文第一段“And a 4-year-old parrot in the US has been recognized by Guinness World Records after correctly identifying 12 objects in 3 minutes.(美国一只四岁的鹦鹉因在三分钟内准确识别出十二样物品，获得了吉尼斯世界纪录认证。)”及第二段“That record-breaking bird is an African grey parrot named Apollo (那只打破纪录的鸟儿是一只名叫阿波罗的非洲灰鹦鹉)”及全文内容可知，文章围绕创下纪录的鹦鹉阿波罗展开叙述，介绍它的本领、名气与训练情况，故本文最佳标题为：创下纪录的鹦鹉阿波罗。 Australia is known for its koalas, small hairy animals that live mainly in eucalyptus trees (桉树) and feed on eucalyptus leaves. Without these trees, koalas cannot survive. In recent years, koalas have faced serious threats. They are hunted by other animals, suffer from diseases, and are often hit by cars. Wildfires have destroyed large areas of forest, and humans continue to cut down eucalyptus trees for wood. As a result, koala numbers have fallen sharply. In the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) , koalas are now considered endangered, meaning they are at risk of disappearing forever. The Australian government has warned that if no action is taken, this could happen by 2050. However, there is some good news. The Australian government has announced the creation of a new national park to protect koalas. The Great Koala National Park (GKNP) will cover 4, 760 square kilometres, making it one of the largest parks in NSW. The park will connect with existing national parks to create a much larger protected area. For many years, people have worked to protect koalas, mainly by protecting eucalyptus trees that provide food and shelter. Their efforts led to the idea of creating a national park dedicated to the koala. The plan became a greater need after wildfires killed thousands of koalas in 2019 and 2020. In February 2022, koalas were officially listed as endangered. In September 2025, the government said that $146 million would be set aside to create the park and that tree-cutting in the area should stop. This move is expected to protect about one-fifth of the remaining koalas in NSW. Wildlife groups welcomed the decision but pointed out that habitat destruction remains the main threat. The new park is seen as only a first step toward protecting these endangered and well-known animals and ensuring their future survival. 69．What situation about koalas is described in the first two paragraphs? A．Growing risks to their survival. B．Reduced threats to their survival. C．Stable numbers in their population. D．Improved conditions in their forests. 70．The underlined phrase “dedicated to” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________. A．designed for B．similar to C．associated with D．responsible for 71．What is the wildlife groups’ attitude towards the new national park? A．Fully supportive. B．Cautiously optimistic. C．Highly doubtful. D．Indifferent. 72．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To address environmental problems. B．To discuss koala threats and solutions. C．To explain why koalas are endangered. D．To describe the history of national parks. 【答案】69．A 70．A 71．B 72．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了澳大利亚考拉面临的生存危机，如受其他动物猎杀、疾病困扰、车辆撞击、森林火灾及人类砍伐桉树等威胁，数量急剧下降，同时阐述了澳大利亚政府为保护考拉所采取的措施，即创建大考拉国家公园。 69．细节理解题。根据第一段“Without these trees, koalas cannot survive.(没有这些树，考拉无法生存)”以及第二段“In recent years, koalas have faced serious threats. They are hunted by other animals, suffer from diseases, and are often hit by cars. Wildfires have destroyed large areas of forest, and humans continue to cut down eucalyptus trees for wood. As a result, koala numbers have fallen sharply.(近年来，考拉面临着严重的威胁。它们被其他动物猎杀，遭受疾病困扰，还经常被汽车撞到。野火摧毁了大片森林，人类继续砍伐桉树获取木材。结果，考拉的数量急剧下降)”可知，前两段描述的是考拉生存面临的风险日益增加的情况，故选A项。 70．词义猜测题。根据第四段“Their efforts led to the idea of creating a national park dedicated to the koala.(他们的努力催生了创建一个____考拉的国家公园的想法)”，结合前文人们为保护考拉所做的努力，可知这个公园是为考拉而设计创建的，“dedicated to”意思与“designed for（为……而设计）”相近，故选A项。 71．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wildlife groups welcomed the decision but pointed out that habitat destruction remains the main threat. The new park is seen as only a first step toward protecting these endangered and well - known animals and ensuring their future survival.(野生动物保护组织对这一决定表示欢迎，但指出栖息地破坏仍然是主要威胁。新公园被视为保护这些濒危且知名动物并确保它们未来生存的第一步)”可知，野生动物保护组织对新国家公园既表示欢迎，又指出存在的问题，所以其态度是谨慎乐观的。故选B项 72．推理判断题。根据第二段“In recent years, koalas have faced serious threats. (近年来，考拉面临着严重的威胁。)”以及第三段“However, there is some good news. The Australian government has announced the creation of a new national park designed to protect koalas. (然而，也有一些好消息。澳大利亚政府宣布将建立一个新的国家公园来保护考拉。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了澳大利亚考拉面临生存威胁的现状，以及政府为保护考拉所采取的措施，包括建立国家公园等，同时也提到了野生动物团体对此的看法，所以作者写这篇文章的主要目的是讨论考拉面临的威胁和解决方案。故选B项。 Ants may be tiny—but they’re serious eaters! Try these experiments(实验) to find out what ants like to eat. Want to find out what the ants in your neighbourhood like to eat?  Place small amounts of different foods on the plate. You can use peanut butter, honey, mashed banana, grated apple or cheese, and seeds. Put this feeding station where there are lots of ants. Wait three minutes and count the number of ants feeding on each food. Count how many there are every three minutes. Ants don't always take the first food they find. Instead, they may investigate, touching many pieces of food with their antennae (触须). What does this bit taste like? Exactly how big is it? Those are the kinds of things the ants are checking out. When they finally choose a food, the ants carry it back to their nest. Do your ants prefer big seeds or smaller ones? Sweet crumbs or less sweet ones?   Here’s a test: Give ants a choice between full-strength honey and a honey-water mixture (add one teaspoon of honey to five teaspoons of water). Offer a few drops of each choice side-by-side at a feeding station. Then every three minutes, count the number of ants you see near each place. Want to see how far ants travel when they go out to collect food? First find an ant nest. You can do that by following some ants when they carry food home. Now you know how far the ants travelled to get to your food station. Next, move the food station about 30 cm farther from the nest.Do the ants find it? If so, move the station again. Keep moving the station until the ants no longer appear. When ants find a food they like, they work quickly to collect it. Usually they try to get the nest mates to help. To find out how long does it take an ant to tell others that there's food nearby, offer their favourite food and watch. After the first ant finds the food, begin counting the ants every minute. Also, watch their behaviour. When the first ant goes home, what does it do when it gets near one of its nestmates?  Does it feed the other ant a bit of food? Or do the two touch the antennae together? Is the ant with the food pulling its back end on the ground? It may be leaving strong smell that leads to the food. 73．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To tell readers about ants' antennae. B．To tell readers about different kinds of ants. C．To tell readers how to find out where ants live. D．To tell readers how to observe ants by experiments. 74．In Paragraph 4,“... they may investigate...” What does the word “investigate” mean? A．Quickly eat something. B．Carefully hide something. C．Quickly look at something. D．Carefully check something out. 75．In Paragraph 4, who will probably ask “What does this bit taste like?Exactly how big is it?” A．Ants. B．Scientists. C．Readers. D．Students. 76．How can a person find out how far ants will travel to find a food station? A．By moving the food station farther away. B．By changing the food in the food station. C．By showing the food station to different ants. D．By reducing the amount of food in the food station. 77．What does the writer want readers to learn in this passage? A．How to tell types of ants. B．How to feed ants at home. C．How to study the way ants behave. D．How much food ants can eat. 【答案】73．D 74．D 75．A 76．A 77．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍通过几个实验来观察蚂蚁的食性、觅食距离等行为特点的方法。 【详解】73．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Try these experiments to find out what ants like to eat. (试试这些实验，看看蚂蚁喜欢吃什么。)”以及下文介绍的多个观察蚂蚁的实验步骤可知，文章的主要目的是告诉读者如何通过实验观察蚂蚁。故选D项。 74．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“touching many pieces of food with their antennae. What does this bit taste like? Exactly how big is it? Those are the kinds of things the ants are checking out. (用它们的触须触碰多种食物。这东西尝起来怎么样？它到底有多大？这些都是蚂蚁正在核实的事情。)”可知，蚂蚁会用触须仔细检查食物，因此“investigate”的意思是仔细检查某物。故选D项。 75．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“they may investigate, touching many pieces of food with their antennae. What does this bit taste like? Exactly how big is it? Those are the kinds of things the ants are checking out. (它们可能会探查，用触须触碰多种食物。这东西尝起来怎么样？它到底有多大？这些都是蚂蚁正在核实的事情。)”可知，提出这两个问题是为了说明蚂蚁在检查食物时会考量的内容，因此这两个问题的发出者是蚂蚁。故选A项。 76．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Want to see how far ants travel when they go out to collect food? First find an ant nest.You can do that by following some ants when they carry food home.Now you know how far the ants travelled to get to your food station. Next, move the food station about 30 cm farther from the nest.Do the ants find it? If so, move the station again. Keep moving the station until the ants no longer appear. (想知道蚂蚁外出觅食时会行进多远吗？首先找到一个蚁巢，你可以跟着一些正在搬食物回巢的蚂蚁来确定蚁巢的位置。此时你就能知道蚂蚁到达你设置的喂食点需要行进的距离了。接下来，把喂食点往远离蚁巢的方向挪动大约 30 厘米。蚂蚁还能找到这个喂食点吗？如果能，就再次挪动喂食点。持续挪动喂食点，直到蚂蚁再也找不到为止)”可知，人们可以通过把喂食点移得更远来弄清蚂蚁觅食的最远距离。故选A项。 77．推理判断题。通读全文，文章介绍了多个实验，包括观察蚂蚁喜欢的食物种类、觅食距离、蚂蚁之间传递食物信息的方式等，这些实验都是围绕蚂蚁的行为展开的，因此作者想让读者学会如何研究蚂蚁的行为方式。故选C项。 From an airplane, cars crawling down the highway look like ants. But actual ants — unlike cars — somehow manage to avoid the stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are studying their cooperative strategies to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up. The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density(密度)of cars increases on a highway. At15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver applying his brake can cause a wave of congestion(拥挤). “It’ s a kind of phase transition(相变),” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a mathematical physicist. His previous research had shown that ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. So what’s their secret? In a recent study, researchers found that the ants travel in groups of three to twenty that move at nearly constant speeds while keeping distances between one another — and they don’t speed up to pass others. Human drivers at rush hour rarely follow such rules. “We’ re maximizing the interests of individuals, which is why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam,” says study co-author Nicola Pugno. But self-driving cars, if they one day become popular, would share information with nearby cars to make good use of traffic flow — perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing(优先考虑)constant speeds or by not passing others on the road. Ants can do numerous things that self-driving can’t, Pinter Wollman points out. Ants can create a trail as wide as they like, unlike drivers stuck on highways. The insects do sometimes jam up when trapped in tunnels, but to keep things moving, “they’ ll find a way to walk on the ceiling,” she says. Plus, ants don’t crash; they can literally walk over one another. Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants, Nishinari says, “by leaving room between their car and the one ahead, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in dense traffic conditions that would otherwise be amplified(增强)into a traffic jam.” 78．What enables ants to keep smooth traffic flow even at high densities? A．Central command system. B．Cooperative group interaction. C．Quick speeding-up ability. D．Advanced navigation (导航) tools. 79．How could self-driving cars potentially copy ants’ traffic strategies? A．Road expansion. B．Complete avoidance of braking. C．Inter-vehicle data sharing networks. D．Prioritizing top speed achievement. 80．In which aspect are ants different from self-driving cars? A．Travelling in groups of 3 to 20. B．Traffic rule observation. C．Computer-controlled decision making. D．Flexible navigation and crash avoidance. 81．What would be the most appropriate title for the text? A．The Psychology Behind Human Traffic Congestion. B．Technical Barriers in Autonomous Vehicle Networks. C．Ants vs. Humans: Evolutionary Comparisons. D．Ants’ Amazing Traffic Rules: A Guide for Driverless Cars. 【答案】78．B 79．C 80．D 81．D 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员通过研究蚂蚁在高密度情况下仍能保持流畅通行的协作策略，为自动驾驶汽车的交通优化提供参考的相关内容。   78．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In a recent study, researchers found that the ants travel in groups of three to twenty that move at nearly constant speeds while keeping distances between one another — and they don’t speed up to pass others.(在最近的一项研究中，研究人员发现，蚂蚁会以3到20只为一组行进，它们以几乎恒定的速度移动，同时保持彼此之间的距离，而且不会加速超过其他蚂蚁。)”可知，蚂蚁即使在高密度环境下也能保持流畅通行的原因是它们的协作群体互动模式。故选B。 79．细节理解题。根据第四段中“But self-driving cars, if they one day become popular, would share information with nearby cars to make good use of traffic flow — perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing constant speeds or by not passing others on the road.(但研究人员表示，如果自动驾驶汽车有朝一日普及开来，它们会与附近的汽车共享信息，以充分利用交通流量——或许可以通过优先保持恒定速度或不超车的方式实现。)”可知，自动驾驶汽车可以通过车与车之间的数据共享网络借鉴蚂蚁的交通策略。故选C。 80．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Ants can create a trail as wide as they like, unlike drivers stuck on highways. The insects do sometimes jam up when trapped in tunnels, but to keep things moving, ‘they’ll find a way to walk on the ceiling,’ she says. Plus, ants don’t crash; they can literally walk over one another.(与被困在高速公路上的司机不同，蚂蚁可以开辟任意宽度的行进路线。她说，这些昆虫有时在被困隧道时也会出现拥堵，但为了保持通行，‘它们会想办法爬到隧道顶部行走’。此外，蚂蚁不会发生碰撞，它们真的可以从彼此身上爬过去。)”可知，蚂蚁与自动驾驶汽车的不同之处在于其灵活的通行方式和防撞能力。故选D。 81．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Researchers are studying their cooperative strategies to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up.(研究人员正在研究它们的协作策略，以探索如何为自动驾驶汽车编写程序，避免交通拥堵。)”以及文章整体内容，尤其是最后一段中引述的观点“Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants, Nishinari says, ‘by leaving room between their car and the one ahead, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in dense traffic conditions that would otherwise be amplified into a traffic jam.’( Nishinari 指出，如今的司机至少能从蚂蚁身上学到一点：‘在车与前方车辆之间留出空间，司机便能在密集车流中缓冲刹车波，否则这种波动会加剧为交通拥堵。’)”可知，全文核心是探讨蚂蚁令人惊叹的交通规则如何为无人驾驶汽车的发展提供指导和启示。D项“Ants’ Amazing Traffic Rules: A Guide for Driverless Cars(蚂蚁的神奇交通法则：无人驾驶汽车的参考指南)”准确、全面地概括了这一主旨。故选D。 In Washington, D．C．, early in the morning, Stephanie Haley, a volunteer, is walking through the city’s downtown, looking for birds that might have collided (碰撞) with windows. On the sidewalk next to an office building, there is an olive-green songbird. It’s an Acadian flycatcher, no doubt on its way to Central or South America when it hit a window. This scene is repeated across the country. Each year, up to a billion birds are killed by window collisions in the US. Most of these birds are migrating (迁徙), flying at speeds of up to 30 miles per hour when they hit the glass. For birds, glass — whether clear or reflective — presents a major danger, and this is especially true in cities, where buildings are full of glass. Each night during the migration season, hundreds of millions of birds take to the skies, flying through the night to take advantage of the evening’s cool, stable air. They navigate with the help of the moon and the stars, and come down in the morning to rest. That’s when they can meet glass, which they don’t know how to avoid. If it’s clear, they think they can fly through it. If it’s reflective, they can mistake the reflections for real trees and sky. These collisions happen mostly near the ground, not high in the air. The issue gained national attention after hundreds of birds died in one night at McCormick Place in Chicago in 2023. This event led to a meeting of experts, who formed the Bird collision Prevention Alliance. Their goal is to find better ways to protect birds from glass. In Chicago, using special films on windows can reduce (减少) bird collisions by up to 95%. Homeowners can also help by treating their windows. By taking small actions, like covering windows, people can reduce bird deaths at home. These efforts may not fix the problem entirely, but they are a step in the right direction for saving millions of birds. 82．Where does the volunteer find the Acadian flycatcher? A．At an office. B．On the driveway. C．At her house. D．On the sidewalk. 83．What is the main reason birds collide with windows? A．They are attracted to foods. B．They are confused by the lights. C．They fail to recognize glass. D．They fly too high while migrating. 84．How do the birds fly at night during the migration season? A．They use the moon and stars. B．They look for trees in the country. C．They follow the lights in cities. D．They turn to other animals for help. 85．Which best describes the act of applying special films to windows to save birds? A．Difficult. B．Workable. C．Pointless. D．Expensive. 【答案】82．D 83．C 84．A 85．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要揭示了美国城市玻璃建筑导致候鸟撞窗死亡的严峻现实及相应的防护措施。 【详解】82．细节理解题。根据第一段中“On the sidewalk next to an office building, there is an olive-green songbird. It’s an Acadian flycatcher, no doubt on its way to Central or South America when it hit a window.(在办公楼旁边的人行道上，有一只橄榄绿的鸣禽。这是一只阿卡迪亚捕蝇鸟，毫无疑问是在飞往中美洲或南美洲的途中撞上了一扇窗户)”可知，志愿者在办公楼旁的人行道上发现这只捕蝇鸟。故选D。 83．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For birds, glass — whether clear or reflective —presents a major danger, and this is especially true in cities, where buildings are full of glass.(对鸟类来说，玻璃——无论是透明的还是反光的——都是一大危险，在城市里尤其如此，因为那里的建筑物都是玻璃)”及第三段中“That’s when they can meet glass, which they don’t know how to avoid. If it’s clear, they think they can fly through it. If it’s reflective, they can mistake the reflections for real trees and sky. These collisions happen mostly near the ground, not high in the air.(这时他们会碰到玻璃，他们不知道如何避免。如果是透明的，他们认为他们可以飞过。如果它是反射的，他们会把反射误认为是真实的树木和天空。这些碰撞大多发生在地面附近，而不是高空)”可知，鸟类无法识别玻璃才是撞击事件的主要原因。故选C。 84．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They navigate with the help of the moon and the stars, and come down in the morning to rest.(他们在月亮和星星的帮助下航行，早上下来休息)”可知，鸟类在夜间迁徙依靠月亮和星星导航。故选A。 85．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“In Chicago, using special films on windows can reduce (减少) bird collisions by up to 95%.(在芝加哥，在窗户上使用特殊薄膜可以减少高达95%的鸟类碰撞)”可推断，在窗户上贴膜来保护鸟类的做法切实可行。故选B。 I used to walk my dog every morning. Later when we got back home, I would give it some food. This usually caught the 86 of a mynah bird (八哥). The most 87 feature of this bird was its birghtly-coloured 88 mouths, so I found it a bit strange. Later I read a book and found that the colour yellow 89 “communication, optimism (乐观) and inspiration”. I took the “c” from communication, “o” from optimism, and “in” from inspiration to 90 the word “Coin”. This became the bird’s 91 . Every time when my dog finished his meal, Coin would look at me and 92 , “Raack! Raack!” After singing, she would start picking up the food left by the dog. When winter came, Coin 93 . It was the longest winter that we had ever had. When spring 94 came, it was the time for the birds to fly back and I often 95 what had happened to Coin. One day after I had given my dog its 96 , a mynah flew down. It was then that I heard the 97 “Raack! Raack!” Coin was back! Sometimes, I wondered how Coin knew to come back to the same 98 she had left. Each morning Coin would come with her sweet song. Both I and my dog 99 her as a member of our family. Now, I understand that if we have optimism and inspiration in our life, and if we 100 often with others, we are sure to be accepted by everyone. 86．A．realization B．view C．sight D．attention 87．A．special B．common C．central D．possible 88．A．black B．white C．yellow D．sad 89．A．stands for B．achieves C．organizes D．changes 90．A．understand B．explain C．remember D．form 91．A．food B．cage C．name D．story 92．A．shout B．say C．whisper D．sing 93．A．died B．hid C．disappeared D．escaped 94．A．suddenly B．finally C．happily D．luckily 95．A．complained B．recorded C．wondered D．wished 96．A．food B．walk C．drink D．water 97．A．strange B．familiar C．crazy D．terrible 98．A．place B．cats C．persons D．sky 99．A．introduced B．advised C．accepted D．kept 100．A．compare B．meet C．agree D．communicate 【答案】86．D 87．A 88．C 89．A 90．D 91．C 92．D 93．C 94．B 95．C 96．A 97．B 98．A 99．C 100．D 【导语】本文体裁为记叙文。文章通过叙述作者与一只八哥鸟（名为Coin）之间的日常互动和故事，展现了作者与这只鸟之间建立起的特殊联系和情感纽带。 86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这通常会引起八哥的注意。A. realization认识；B. view观点；C. sight视力，景象；D. attention注意。根据上文“I used to walk my dog every morning. Later when we got back home, I would give it some food.”可知，作者每天早上都遛狗，回到家会给狗喂食，这会引起八哥的注意。catch the attention of sb.为固定短语，意为“引起某人的注意”。故选D。 87．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这只鸟最特别的地方是它那明亮的黄色嘴巴，所以我觉得它有点奇怪。A. special特别的；B. common普通的；C. central中心的；D. possible可能的。根据下文“feature of this bird was its birghtly-coloured 3 mouths, so I found it a bit strange.”可知，它有明亮的黄色嘴巴，作者觉得这只鸟很特别。故选A。 88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这只鸟最特别的地方是它那明亮的黄色嘴巴，所以我觉得它有点奇怪。A. black黑色的；B. white白色的；C. yellow黄色的；D. sad悲伤的。根据下文“Later I read a book and found that the colour yellow”可知，这只鸟的嘴巴是黄色的。故选C。 89．考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来我读了一本书，发现黄色代表“交流、乐观和灵感”。A. stands for代表；B. achieves实现、达到·；C. organizes组织；D. changes改变。根据下文“communication, optimism (乐观) and inspiration”可知，黄色代表“交流、乐观和灵感”。故选A。 90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从交流中取了“c”，从乐观中取了“o”，从灵感中取了“in”，组成了“Coin”这个词。A. understand理解；B. explain解释；C. remember记得；D. form形成，组成。根据上文“I took the “c” from communication, “o” from optimism, and “in” from inspiration to”可知，作者从三个单词中各取了一个字母，组成了“Coin”这个词。故选D。 91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这成了这只鸟的名字。A. food食物；B. cage笼子；C. name名字；D. story故事。根据上文“the word “Coin”. This became the bird’s”可知，作者给这只鸟取名叫“Coin”。故选C。 92．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我的狗吃完饭，Coin就会看着我，唱着“Raack! Raack!”。A. shout大喊；B. say说；C. whisper低语；D. sing唱歌。根据下文“After singing, she would start picking up the food left by the dog.”可知，Coin会唱歌。故选D。 93．考查动词词义辨析。句意：冬天来了，Coin消失了。A. died死亡；B. hid隐藏；C. disappeared消失；D. escaped逃跑。根据下文“It was the longest winter that we had ever had.”及“When spring 9 came, it was the time for the birds to fly back”可知，冬天来了，Coin飞走了，消失了，春天来时鸟儿飞回来。故选C。 94．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当春天终于来临时，是鸟儿飞回来的时候，我常常想知道Coin发生了什么事。A. suddenly突然地；B. finally最终；C. happily快乐地；D. luckily幸运地。根据上文“When winter came, Coin 　8 . It was the longest winter that we had ever had.”及下文“it was the time for the birds to fly back”可知，冬天过去后，春天终于来临了，终于Coin要回来了。故选B。 95．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当春天终于来临时，是鸟儿飞回来的时候，我常常想知道Coin发生了什么事。A. complained抱怨；B. recorded记录；C. wondered想知道；D. wished希望。根据下文“what had happened to Coin”可知，作者想知道Coin发生了什么事。故选C。 96．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天，我给我的狗喂食后，一只八哥飞了下来。A. food食物；B. walk散步；C. drink饮料；D. water水。根据上文“I used to walk my dog every morning. Later when we got back home, I would give it some food.”可知，作者每天会给狗喂食。故选A。 97．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，我听到熟悉的“Raack! Raack!”A. strange奇怪的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. terrible可怕的。根据上文““Raack! Raack!” After singing”和下文“Coin was back!”可知，作者听到了Coin熟悉的叫声。故选B。 98．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，我想知道Coin是怎么知道回到她离开的同一个地方的。A. place地方；B. cats猫；C. persons人；D. sky天空。根据上文“Coin was back! Sometimes, I wondered how Coin knew to come back to the same”和下文“Each morning Coin would come with her sweet song”可知，Coin回来了，作者想知道Coin是怎么知道回到她离开的同一个地方的。故选A。 99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和我的狗都把它当作我们家庭的一员。A. introduced介绍；B. advised建议；C. accepted接受；D. kept保持。根据上文“Each morning Coin would come with her sweet song.”和下文“her as a member of our family”可知，Coin每天都会来，作者和狗都把它当作家庭的一员。accept sb. as...意为“把某人当作……”。故选C。 100．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，我明白，如果我们在生活中有乐观和灵感，如果我们经常与他人交流，我们一定会被每个人接受。A. compare比较；B. meet遇见；C. agree同意；D. communicate交流。根据上文“Later I read a book and found that the colour yellow 4 “communication, optimism (乐观) and inspiration”.”、“Each morning Coin would come with her sweet song.”及下文“often with others”可知，作者认为如果人们有乐观和灵感，并且经常与他人交流，就会被接受。故选D。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业11 Unit5 Into the Wild词汇与阅读 1、 核心基础信息 必修第一册Unit5 Into the Wild核心基础信息 模块 核心内容 初升高衔接重点 学习目标 教材对应板块 难度等级 单元主题 Into the wild（走进自然），围绕自然探索、野生动物、生态保护、户外冒险主题展开 从初中基础自然类词汇到高中进阶生态类词汇，从简单句到复合句的过渡 掌握单元核心词汇、句型、语法，能完成自然探索、生态保护相关主题的写作与交流 Starting out, Understanding ideas ★★★★☆ 核心词汇 高频核心词50个，拓展词80个，覆盖野生动物、生态环境、户外探险、自然现象四大场景 构词法拓展词汇，前缀/后缀记忆法，解决高中词汇量激增的难点 能熟练拼写、运用核心词汇，掌握前缀un-/re-/dis-、后缀-able/-tion/-ment的用法 Vocabulary, Using language ★★★★☆ 核心句型 定语从句进阶、非谓语动词、让步状语从句、倒装句、强调句等高中核心句型 从初中简单句到高中复合句的过渡，长难句句子成分划分方法 能分析长难句结构，熟练运用核心句型进行写作与翻译 Understanding ideas, Using language ★★★★★ 核心语法 定语从句进阶、非谓语动词综合用法、时态综合运用、倒装句、强调句 初三语法的巩固与高一进阶语法的衔接，解决高中长难句分析的核心痛点 能熟练运用核心语法规则，完成语法填空、短文改错等题型 Using language, Developing ideas ★★★★★ 写作能力 自然探索类记叙文、生态保护类议论文、户外冒险类应用文写作 从初中记叙文到高中夹叙夹议文的过渡，写作句型升级、篇章结构优化 能完成100-150词的相关主题写作，做到内容完整、句式多样、语法正确 Developing ideas, Presenting ideas ★★★★☆ 2、 核心词汇 必修第一册Unit5核心词汇 序号 单词 音标 词性 中文释义 核心考点提示 1 charity /'tʃærəti/ n. 慈善机构，慈善团体 高考高频名词，核心搭配：charity organization 慈善机构；charity work 慈善工作，是社会类主题高频词 2 monarch /'mɒnək/ n. 君主，国王 高考核心名词，核心搭配：monarch butterfly 黑脉金斑蝶，是本单元核心场景词 3 Atlantic /ət'læntɪk/ adj. 大西洋的 高考高频形容词，核心搭配：the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋，是地理类场景高频词 4 whale /weɪl/ n. 鲸 高考核心名词，动物类场景高频词，核心搭配：a blue whale 蓝鲸 5 annual /'ænjuəl/ adj. 一年一度的，每年的 高考高频形容词，核心搭配：annual migration 年度迁徙；annual meeting 年会，是说明文高频词 6 migration /maɪ'greɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 迁徙 高考核心名词，核心搭配：animal migration 动物迁徙，是本单元核心主题词，注意词性转换：migrate v. 迁徙 7 migrate /maɪ'greɪt/ v. 移栖，迁徙 高考核心动词，核心搭配：migrate to sp. 迁徙到某地，是本单元核心主题词，注意词性转换：migration n. 迁徙 8 seek /siːk/ v. 寻找，寻求 高考核心动词，核心搭配：seek for sth. 寻找某物；seek help 寻求帮助，是高频不规则动词，过去式 / 过去分词：sought/sought 9 professor /prə'fesə/ n. 教授 高考核心名词，职业类场景高频词，核心搭配：a university professor 大学教授 10 measure /'meʒə/ v. 量，测量 高考核心动词 / 名词，核心搭配：measure sth. 测量某物；take measures 采取措施，是高考高频核心词 11 position /pə'zɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 位置 高考核心名词，核心搭配：the position of sth. 某物的位置；in a good position 处于有利位置，是高考高频核心词 12 determine /dɪ'tɜːmɪn/ v. 测定，确定 高考核心动词，核心搭配：determine sth. 确定某物；determine to do sth. 决定做某事，注意词性转换：determination n. 决心 13 eventually /ɪ'ventʃuəli/ adv. 终于，最终 高考高频副词，常用于记叙文 / 说明文描述结果，是写作中提升逻辑的高频词 14 solution /sə'luːʃ(ə)n/ n. 解决，解决方法 高考核心名词，核心搭配：the solution to sth. 某事的解决方法，是高考高频核心词，注意词性转换：solve v. 解决 15 mystery /'mɪst(ə)ri/ n. 难以理解的事物，谜 高考高频名词，核心搭配：solve the mystery 解开谜团，是说明文 / 记叙文高频词 16 amazing /ə'meɪzɪŋ/ adj. 惊人的，了不起的 高考高频形容词，核心搭配：amazing scene 惊人的场景，注意词根词缀：amaze v. 使惊讶 + -ing 形容词后缀 17 crash /kræʃ/ v. 暴跌 高考核心动词 / 名词，核心搭配：crash down 暴跌；a car crash 车祸，是高频多义词 18 per cent /pə'sent/ n. 百分比 高考高频名词，核心搭配：100 per cent 百分之百，是说明文数据类高频词 19 destroy /dɪ'strɔɪ/ v. 破坏，毁掉 高考核心动词，核心搭配：destroy sth. 破坏某物，注意词性转换：destruction n. 破坏；destructive adj. 破坏性的 20 chemical /'kemɪk(ə)l/ n. 化学品 高考核心名词 / 形容词，核心搭配：dangerous chemicals 危险化学品；chemical reaction 化学反应，是科学类场景高频词 21 caterpillar /'kætəˌpɪlə/ n. 毛虫（蝴蝶等昆虫的幼虫） 高考核心名词，动物类场景高频词，是本单元核心场景词 22 creature /'kriːtʃə/ n. 生物，动物 高考核心名词，核心搭配：wild creatures 野生动物，是本单元核心主题词 23 survive /sə'vaɪv/ v. 活下来，幸存 高考核心动词，核心搭配：survive from sth. 从某物中幸存，注意词性转换：survival n. 幸存；survivor n. 幸存者 24 effect /ɪ'fekt/ n. 影响，结果 高考核心名词，核心搭配：have an effect on sth. 对某物有影响，是高考高频核心词，注意词性转换：affect v. 影响 25 flow chart /'fləʊ tʃɑːt/ n. 流程图，作业图 场景词汇，学习类主题高频词，核心搭配：a flow chart of the process 流程的流程图 26 accommodation /əˌkɒmə'deɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 住处，工作场所 高考核心名词，核心搭配：student accommodation 学生宿舍，是生活场景高频词 27 idiom /'ɪdiəm/ n. 习语，成语 高考核心名词，核心搭配：English idioms 英语习语，是语言学习类高频词 28 authority /ɔː'θɒrəti/ n. 当权，权力 高考核心名词，核心搭配：the local authority 当地政府；have authority over sb. 对某人有管辖权，是社会类主题高频词 29 source /sɔːs/ n. 来源，出处 高考核心名词，核心搭配：the source of sth. 某物的来源；energy source 能源，是高考高频核心词 30 found /faʊnd/ v. 创立，创建 高考核心动词，核心搭配：found a company 创立公司，注意过去式 / 过去分词：founded/founded，是高频不规则动词 31 photographer /fə'tɒgrəfə/ n. 摄影师 高考核心名词，职业类场景高频词，核心搭配：a nature photographer 自然摄影师，是本单元核心场景词，注意词性转换：photograph v./n. 拍照；照片 32 button /'bʌtn/ n. 按钮 场景词汇，生活类主题高频词，核心搭配：press the button 按按钮 33 recover /rɪ'kʌvə/ v. （从糟糕经历中）恢复 高考核心动词，核心搭配：recover from sth. 从某物中恢复，注意词性转换：recovery n. 恢复 34 shock /ʃɒk/ n. 吃惊，震惊 高考核心名词 / 动词，核心搭配：in shock 震惊；shock sb. 使某人震惊，注意词性转换：shocked adj. 感到震惊的；shocking adj. 令人震惊的 35 element /'elɪmənt/ n. 基本部分，要素 高考核心名词，核心搭配：the elements of sth. 某物的要素；the elements 天气（尤指坏天气），是高考高频核心词 36 encounter /ɪn'kaʊntə/ n. 意外的相遇，邂逅 高考核心名词 / 动词，核心搭配：an encounter with sb./sth. 与某人 / 某物的意外相遇，是记叙文高频词 37 variety /və'raɪəti/ n. 多样化，变化 高考核心名词，核心搭配：a variety of 各种各样的，是高考高频核心词，注意词性转换：various adj. 各种各样的 38 per /pə/ prep. 每 高考高频介词，核心搭配：per day 每天；per cent 百分比，是说明文数据类高频词 39 path /pɑːθ/ n. 小径，小道 高考核心名词，核心搭配：a mountain path 山间小径，是户外场景高频词 40 breathtaking /'breθˌteɪkɪŋ/ adj. 令人惊叹的 高考高频形容词，核心搭配：breathtaking view 令人惊叹的景色，注意词根词缀：breath n. 呼吸 + take v. 拿 + -ing 形容词后缀 41 eagle /'iːg(ə)l/ n. 鹰 高考核心名词，动物类场景高频词，是本单元核心场景词 42 concentrate /'kɒns(ə)ntreɪt/ v. 专注，专心 高考核心动词，核心搭配：concentrate on sth. 专注于某物，注意词性转换：concentration n. 专注，集中 43 freeze /friːz/ v. 突然停止，呆住 高考核心动词，核心搭配：freeze with fear 吓呆了，是高频不规则动词，过去式 / 过去分词：froze/frozen 44 stare /steə/ v. 凝视，盯着看 高考核心动词，核心搭配：stare at sb./sth. 盯着某人 / 某物看，是记叙文高频词 45 capture /'kæptʃə/ v. （用文字或图片）记录，捕捉 高考核心动词，核心搭配：capture the moment 捕捉瞬间；capture the scene 记录场景，是本单元核心场景词 46 image /'ɪmɪdʒ/ n. 图像，影像 高考核心名词，核心搭配：a digital image 数字图像，是摄影 / 数字类场景高频词 47 reaction /ri'ækʃ(ə)n/ n. （对某一情形或事件的）反应 高考核心名词，核心搭配：reaction to sth. 对某物的反应，注意词性转换：react v. 反应 48 file /faɪl/ n. 档案，文件 高考核心名词 / 动词，核心搭配：a file of documents 一档案文件；file sth. 把某物归档，是学习 / 工作场景高频词 3、 核心短语与固定搭配 必修第一册Unit5核心短语与固定搭配 序号 短语/固定搭配 中文释义 课文适配例句 1 manage to do 设法做成某事 Eventually, it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter. 2 the solution to …… 的解决方法 Scientists are trying to find the solution to the mystery of the butterfly migration. 3 human activity 人类活动 Human activity has a great effect on the migration of monarch butterflies. 4 cut down trees 砍伐树木 Cutting down trees has destroyed the living environment of many animals. 5 brave the elements 不顾天气恶劣，冒着风雨 As a nature photographer, I have to brave the elements. 6 be famous for 因…… 而闻名 Yellowstone is famous for the variety of its wildlife, but it is probably best known for its bears. 7 be known for 因…… 而闻名 This zoo is known for its elephant conservation programme. 8 at a speed of 以…… 的速度 The butterfly can fly at a speed of 12 kilometres per hour. 9 concentrate on 专注于，专心于 While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. 10 recover from 从…… 中恢复 It took a long time for him to recover from the shock of the accident. 11 show respect to 对…… 表示尊重 From time to time I look at the photo as a reminder to show respect to all animals. 12 after all 毕竟，终究 It is after all we who are the visitors to their world. 13 kill two birds with one stone 一举两得，一箭双雕 I can kill two birds with one stone by going shopping and visiting my friend on the way. 14 when the cat's away (the mice will play) 猫儿不在，老鼠作怪（指管事的不在，下面的人玩个痛快） When the teacher is out of the classroom, the children are very noisy, just like when the cat's away, the mice will play. 15 hold your horses 慢点，别急 Hold your horses! We still have plenty of time to get to the station. 16 rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨 We had to stay at home all day because it was raining cats and dogs outside. 17 the elements 天气（尤指坏天气） The elements were very bad during our camping trip, with strong wind and heavy rain. 18 a variety of 各种各样的 There are a variety of wild animals in Yellowstone National Park. 19 from time to time 不时，偶尔 From time to time I go to the park to take photos of the birds. 20 be reflected in 倒映在…… 中 The mountains were reflected in the still lake below. 4、 核心句型与长难句分析 必修第一册Unit5核心句型与长难句分析 序号 句型/长难句 句子类型 句子成分分析 仿写模板与例句 1 These two pieces of information – the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky – allow the butterfly to determine the way to go. 复合句（限制性定语从句） ① 主句主语：These two pieces of information；② 同位语：– the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky –（解释说明主语的内容，其中 the point 为先行词，where the sun is in the sky 是关系副词 where 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰 the point，where 在从句中作地点状语）；③ 主句谓语：allow；④ 主句宾语：the butterfly；⑤ 宾语补足语：to determine the way to go。 仿写模板：主语 + 同位语（含定语从句） + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语.仿写例句：These two skills – the ability to read and the ability to write – are the basic skills that every student should master. 2 Eventually, it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter. 复合句（限制性定语从句） ① 时间状语：Eventually；② 主句主语：it；③ 主句谓语：manages to reach；④ 主句宾语：the places；⑤ 限制性定语从句：where it will spend the winter（关系副词 where 引导，修饰先行词 the places，where 在从句中作地点状语，表 “在这些地方”）。 仿写模板：时间状语，主语 + 谓语 + 先行词 + 关系副词 where 引导的限制性定语从句.仿写例句：Finally, we arrived at the village where we would stay for the whole summer holiday. 3 As a nature photographer, I have to brave the elements. 简单句 ① 方式状语：As a nature photographer（介词短语作状语，表身份）；② 主句主语：I；③ 主句谓语：have to brave；④ 主句宾语：the elements。 仿写模板：As + 身份名词，主语 + 谓语 + 宾语.仿写例句：As a student, I should study hard and finish my homework on time. 4 As the world's first national park, Yellowstone is famous for the variety of its wildlife, but it is probably best known for its bears. 并列复合句 ① 方式状语：As the world's first national park（介词短语作状语，表属性）；② 第一个并列分句主语：Yellowstone；③ 第一个并列分句谓语：is famous for；④ 第一个并列分句宾语：the variety of its wildlife；⑤ 转折连词：but；⑥ 第二个并列分句主语：it；⑦ 第二个并列分句谓语：is probably best known for；⑧ 第二个并列分句宾语：its bears。 仿写模板：As + 身份 / 属性名词，主语 1 + 谓语 1 + 宾语 1, but + 主语 2 + 谓语 2 + 宾语 2.仿写例句：As one of the oldest cities in China, Xi'an is famous for its long history, but it is also well known for its delicious food. 5 While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. 复合句（时间状语从句 + 同位语从句） ① 时间状语从句：While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene（while 引导的时间状语从句，表 “当…… 的时候”，从句中使用了过去进行时）；② 主句主语：I；③ 主句谓语：suddenly had；④ 主句宾语：a feeling；⑤ 同位语从句：that I was being watched（that 引导的同位语从句，解释说明 feeling 的具体内容，that 在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用）。 仿写模板：While + 时间状语从句，主句主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + that 引导的同位语从句.仿写例句：While I was walking in the forest, I suddenly had a feeling that someone was following me. 6 It is after all we who are the visitors to their world. 强调句 ① 强调句型结构：It is + 被强调部分 + who + 其他部分；② 被强调部分：we（句子的主语）；③ 状语：after all；④ 谓语：are；⑤ 表语：the visitors to their world。 仿写模板：It is + 被强调部分 + who/that + 其他成分.仿写例句：It is my parents who give me the most support and love in my life. 7 An eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains, which were reflected in the still lake below. 复合句（非限制性定语从句） ① 主句主语：An eagle；② 主句谓语：flew over；③ 主句宾语：the snow-capped mountains；④ 非限制性定语从句：which were reflected in the still lake below（which 引导的非限制性定语从句，指代先行词 the snow-capped mountains，which 在从句中作主语，对先行词进行补充说明）。 仿写模板：主语 + 谓语 + 先行词 + which 引导的非限制性定语从句.仿写例句：The sun shone brightly over the green fields, which were covered with beautiful flowers. 考点一 完成句子 1．The government will provide ________________ (临时住处) for up to three thousand people. (accommodation短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 2．这次飞机失事的唯一幸存者是在三天后被发现的。（survive） The only ________ of the plane crash was found three days later. 3．The lost hiker had to ________________ (依靠……存活) wild berries and rainwater. (survive的短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 4．Humans must restore ________ (与……关系好) nature by reducing pollution. (relationship短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 5．My little nephew __________dinosaurs—he can name over 50 species! (痴迷) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 6．Discounting prices boosted sales temporarily, but it’s ________________ (权宜之计). (solution短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 7．She stayed up late ________________ (为某事做准备) tomorrow’s final exam. (preparation短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 考点二 单词拼写 8．It was on the platform you stood just now that I found a wallet. (用适当的词填空) 9．The path we are walking now leads to the mountain. (用适当的词填空) 10．This is the place I grew up. (用适当的词填空) 11．Proper advice from the professionals should (seek) before you take any further action. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．The reason I admire him is that he often works hard. (用适当的词填空) 13．I cannot forget the day I first visited the Great Wall. （用适当的词填空） 14．The rainbow can’t be seen at noon, the sun is high in the sky. (用适当的词填空) 考点三 短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When you take a walk in any of the cities in the West, you often see a lot of people 15 (walk) with dogs. It is still true that the dog is the most useful and faithful animal in the world. But the reasons why people keep a dog 16 (change). In the old days, people used to train dogs to protect themselves against the attacks 17 other beasts. And later they came 18 (realize) that the dog was not only useful 19 willing to obey its master. For example, when people used dogs for hunting, the dogs would not eat what they caught without 20 (permit). But now people in the city need not protect themselves against attacks of animals. Why do they keep dogs, then? Some people keep dogs to protect themselves from robbery, but the 21 (important) reason is for companionship. For a child, 22 dog is his best friend when he has no friends to play with; for a young couple, a dog is 23 (they) child when they have no children; for old couples, a dog is also their child when their real children have grown up. So the main reason why people keep dogs has changed from 24 (protect) to friendship. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A restaurant in downtown Shanghai is open to pets, serving fancy dog dinners. Hengheng, a one-year-old Border Collie, recently enjoyed his birthday party at this restaurant, where he happily ate the pet-only 25 (dish). Hengheng’s owner, Tiffany Wang, 26 (feel) joyful when seeing her dog enjoy the special occasion just like a beloved child. Along with a group of six people 27 (celebrate) the birthday, they took pictures of Hengheng as he sat in a seat, wearing a cute cupcake hat. China’s pet economy has been 28 the rise, according to research firm iMedia Research. Experts think this market will keep growing in the future. This 29 (grow) is partly because families in China are getting smaller. As 30 result, having pets has become 31 (increasing) important for many individuals. The Cat and Dog Club, set up in 2021 32 (meet) the demands of this growing population of pet lovers, offers a big menu for its animal customers. Manager Ma Tao says that the dishes 33 (prepare) without sugar, oil, or additives, ensuring they meet high standards of quality and freshness. While the food is designed for pets, it is also safe for human consumption, although it may not taste like something 34 people usually like. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Pets aren’t just hairy toys for your children. Now it has been proved that animals play a great role 35 the children’s identity development. Children are always on good terms with pets and love them sincerely, because they aren’t 36 harsh and arrogant (傲慢的) as many adults can be. It seems to me that there 37 (be) some kind of link between pets and kids. Pets can help parents train 38 (responsible), compassion, self-confidence and carefulness in children. Pets often act as 39 caring family psychotherapist. Those children 40 grow up without brothers or sisters sometimes feel lonely, especially when parents are at work or busy with their housework. Children have a chance 41 (talk) to the pet or share their feelings, which gives 42 (they) a big relief from stress and worries. The child can 43 (treat) it to something tasty, a hug or just playing an active game. Let your child grow up with a nice and 44 (devote) pet. It doesn’t matter whether it’s a dog, a cat or a fish. Everything depends on the type of the child’s temperament (性格). 阅读下面短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 I can still remember my primary school homework on animals. I decided 45 (write) about the whale (鲸鱼). I have loved them from a young age. I’m not quite sure why I love them. It might be something about 46 (they) shape. They have a smooth shape, and their tails look like a heart. They also move so 47 (slow) and beautifully, like a tree dancing in the wind. This way, they seem very clever. So, of course, one of my best memories 48 (be) when I got to see a type of whale called the Southern Right Whale in Argentina. Watching them moving smoothly in the water, I felt 49 (happy) than ever. They were so beautiful! And I’m not the only one who loves whales. Different peoples across the world have a special place for whales in their 50 (heart). Take the Maori people in New Zealand as 51 example. Living by the ocean, they see whales as guardians (守护者) of the ocean and talk about them a lot in their 52 (tradition) stories. Why was I interested in whales like the Maori people? 53 they need our protection. That’s what my school homework was about — an imals we need to protect. Whales play a big role 54 the ocean. So, protecting whales means protecting the whole ocean. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sturgeon (鲟鱼) plays an important part in the history. 55 (know) as one of the most ancient fish types, the sturgeon is believed to have lived with the dinosaurs more than 140 million years ago. However, according to the IUCN, one of the largest non-profit environmental protection 56 (organise), all remaining 26 sturgeon species in the world are now in danger of dying out. Their number has gone down over the past three generations, which is 57 (awkward) than previously thought. “The disappearance of the Chinese paddlefish (白鲟) should be a warning for everyone,” said Zhou Fei, China’s chief program officer. “It has provided 58 chance for the experts to raise public awareness about the need of protecting the species in the Yangtze River Basin 59 teach the public to save other species,” he added. 60 (stop) further losing of the species in China, people must act 61 (immediate). There is no time to waste. Also, long-term threats (威胁) to their life and living places must 62 (lift) by taking the most useful methods 63 will slow the speed of their disappearance. 64 is not something that can be achieved by certain departments. Instead, it requires joint efforts from all fields of society. 考点一 阅读理解 Parrots are known for being able to copy some of the sounds that people make. They might say “hello” or “how are you?”, if they often hear those words and phrases. Some are even able to learn the names for objects and identify (识别) them. And a 4-year-old parrot in the US has been recognized by Guinness World Records after correctly identifying 12 objects in 3 minutes. That record-breaking bird is an African grey parrot named Apollo, who lives in Florida. He can identify things like books, bugs and socks. He has become popular on TikTok, where he has about 3 million followers. And a TikTok video of Apollo asking questions in 2023 has been watched 66 million times. The parrot is owned by a couple named Dalton and Victoria Mason. They’re video creators and they’ve been working hard to train the bird. The owners say they teach Apollo as if he were a child of preschool age. “We teach him as much as we can,” the couple told Guinness, adding that they focus on (聚焦) things that Apollo is interested in. Researchers have found that some African grey parrots are able to do better at some cognitive (认知的) tasks than 5-year-old children. And Apollo’s owners plan to keep teaching the bird to see how much he can learn and how many more records he can break. 65．The parrot was recognized by Guinness because he could ________. A．say hello to visitors B．give names to things around C．identify 12 things in 3 minutes D．repeat the words people speak 66．What can Apollo do according to paragraph 2? A．Eat harmful bugs. B．Put on socks. C．Sing for his followers. D．Communicate with people. 67．What do we know about the couple’s method of training Apollo? A．They pay attention to what he prefers. B．They play videos for him. C．They make him do difficult actions. D．They teach him like a teenager. 68．Which might be the best title for the text? A．TikTok: popular with birds B．Apollo: the record-breaking parrot C．The couple: No. 1 bird trainers D．Guinness: an organization for special animals Australia is known for its koalas, small hairy animals that live mainly in eucalyptus trees (桉树) and feed on eucalyptus leaves. Without these trees, koalas cannot survive. In recent years, koalas have faced serious threats. They are hunted by other animals, suffer from diseases, and are often hit by cars. Wildfires have destroyed large areas of forest, and humans continue to cut down eucalyptus trees for wood. As a result, koala numbers have fallen sharply. In the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) , koalas are now considered endangered, meaning they are at risk of disappearing forever. The Australian government has warned that if no action is taken, this could happen by 2050. However, there is some good news. The Australian government has announced the creation of a new national park to protect koalas. The Great Koala National Park (GKNP) will cover 4, 760 square kilometres, making it one of the largest parks in NSW. The park will connect with existing national parks to create a much larger protected area. For many years, people have worked to protect koalas, mainly by protecting eucalyptus trees that provide food and shelter. Their efforts led to the idea of creating a national park dedicated to the koala. The plan became a greater need after wildfires killed thousands of koalas in 2019 and 2020. In February 2022, koalas were officially listed as endangered. In September 2025, the government said that $146 million would be set aside to create the park and that tree-cutting in the area should stop. This move is expected to protect about one-fifth of the remaining koalas in NSW. Wildlife groups welcomed the decision but pointed out that habitat destruction remains the main threat. The new park is seen as only a first step toward protecting these endangered and well-known animals and ensuring their future survival. 69．What situation about koalas is described in the first two paragraphs? A．Growing risks to their survival. B．Reduced threats to their survival. C．Stable numbers in their population. D．Improved conditions in their forests. 70．The underlined phrase “dedicated to” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________. A．designed for B．similar to C．associated with D．responsible for 71．What is the wildlife groups’ attitude towards the new national park? A．Fully supportive. B．Cautiously optimistic. C．Highly doubtful. D．Indifferent. 72．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To address environmental problems. B．To discuss koala threats and solutions. C．To explain why koalas are endangered. D．To describe the history of national parks. Ants may be tiny—but they’re serious eaters! Try these experiments(实验) to find out what ants like to eat. Want to find out what the ants in your neighbourhood like to eat?  Place small amounts of different foods on the plate. You can use peanut butter, honey, mashed banana, grated apple or cheese, and seeds. Put this feeding station where there are lots of ants. Wait three minutes and count the number of ants feeding on each food. Count how many there are every three minutes. Ants don't always take the first food they find. Instead, they may investigate, touching many pieces of food with their antennae (触须). What does this bit taste like? Exactly how big is it? Those are the kinds of things the ants are checking out. When they finally choose a food, the ants carry it back to their nest. Do your ants prefer big seeds or smaller ones? Sweet crumbs or less sweet ones?   Here’s a test: Give ants a choice between full-strength honey and a honey-water mixture (add one teaspoon of honey to five teaspoons of water). Offer a few drops of each choice side-by-side at a feeding station. Then every three minutes, count the number of ants you see near each place. Want to see how far ants travel when they go out to collect food? First find an ant nest. You can do that by following some ants when they carry food home. Now you know how far the ants travelled to get to your food station. Next, move the food station about 30 cm farther from the nest.Do the ants find it? If so, move the station again. Keep moving the station until the ants no longer appear. When ants find a food they like, they work quickly to collect it. Usually they try to get the nest mates to help. To find out how long does it take an ant to tell others that there's food nearby, offer their favourite food and watch. After the first ant finds the food, begin counting the ants every minute. Also, watch their behaviour. When the first ant goes home, what does it do when it gets near one of its nestmates?  Does it feed the other ant a bit of food? Or do the two touch the antennae together? Is the ant with the food pulling its back end on the ground? It may be leaving strong smell that leads to the food. 73．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To tell readers about ants' antennae. B．To tell readers about different kinds of ants. C．To tell readers how to find out where ants live. D．To tell readers how to observe ants by experiments. 74．In Paragraph 4,“... they may investigate...” What does the word “investigate” mean? A．Quickly eat something. B．Carefully hide something. C．Quickly look at something. D．Carefully check something out. 75．In Paragraph 4, who will probably ask “What does this bit taste like?Exactly how big is it?” A．Ants. B．Scientists. C．Readers. D．Students. 76．How can a person find out how far ants will travel to find a food station? A．By moving the food station farther away. B．By changing the food in the food station. C．By showing the food station to different ants. D．By reducing the amount of food in the food station. 77．What does the writer want readers to learn in this passage? A．How to tell types of ants. B．How to feed ants at home. C．How to study the way ants behave. D．How much food ants can eat. From an airplane, cars crawling down the highway look like ants. But actual ants — unlike cars — somehow manage to avoid the stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are studying their cooperative strategies to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up. The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density(密度)of cars increases on a highway. At15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver applying his brake can cause a wave of congestion(拥挤). “It’ s a kind of phase transition(相变),” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a mathematical physicist. His previous research had shown that ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. So what’s their secret? In a recent study, researchers found that the ants travel in groups of three to twenty that move at nearly constant speeds while keeping distances between one another — and they don’t speed up to pass others. Human drivers at rush hour rarely follow such rules. “We’ re maximizing the interests of individuals, which is why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam,” says study co-author Nicola Pugno. But self-driving cars, if they one day become popular, would share information with nearby cars to make good use of traffic flow — perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing(优先考虑)constant speeds or by not passing others on the road. Ants can do numerous things that self-driving can’t, Pinter Wollman points out. Ants can create a trail as wide as they like, unlike drivers stuck on highways. The insects do sometimes jam up when trapped in tunnels, but to keep things moving, “they’ ll find a way to walk on the ceiling,” she says. Plus, ants don’t crash; they can literally walk over one another. Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants, Nishinari says, “by leaving room between their car and the one ahead, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in dense traffic conditions that would otherwise be amplified(增强)into a traffic jam.” 78．What enables ants to keep smooth traffic flow even at high densities? A．Central command system. B．Cooperative group interaction. C．Quick speeding-up ability. D．Advanced navigation (导航) tools. 79．How could self-driving cars potentially copy ants’ traffic strategies? A．Road expansion. B．Complete avoidance of braking. C．Inter-vehicle data sharing networks. D．Prioritizing top speed achievement. 80．In which aspect are ants different from self-driving cars? A．Travelling in groups of 3 to 20. B．Traffic rule observation. C．Computer-controlled decision making. D．Flexible navigation and crash avoidance. 81．What would be the most appropriate title for the text? A．The Psychology Behind Human Traffic Congestion. B．Technical Barriers in Autonomous Vehicle Networks. C．Ants vs. Humans: Evolutionary Comparisons. D．Ants’ Amazing Traffic Rules: A Guide for Driverless Cars. In Washington, D．C．, early in the morning, Stephanie Haley, a volunteer, is walking through the city’s downtown, looking for birds that might have collided (碰撞) with windows. On the sidewalk next to an office building, there is an olive-green songbird. It’s an Acadian flycatcher, no doubt on its way to Central or South America when it hit a window. This scene is repeated across the country. Each year, up to a billion birds are killed by window collisions in the US. Most of these birds are migrating (迁徙), flying at speeds of up to 30 miles per hour when they hit the glass. For birds, glass — whether clear or reflective — presents a major danger, and this is especially true in cities, where buildings are full of glass. Each night during the migration season, hundreds of millions of birds take to the skies, flying through the night to take advantage of the evening’s cool, stable air. They navigate with the help of the moon and the stars, and come down in the morning to rest. That’s when they can meet glass, which they don’t know how to avoid. If it’s clear, they think they can fly through it. If it’s reflective, they can mistake the reflections for real trees and sky. These collisions happen mostly near the ground, not high in the air. The issue gained national attention after hundreds of birds died in one night at McCormick Place in Chicago in 2023. This event led to a meeting of experts, who formed the Bird collision Prevention Alliance. Their goal is to find better ways to protect birds from glass. In Chicago, using special films on windows can reduce (减少) bird collisions by up to 95%. Homeowners can also help by treating their windows. By taking small actions, like covering windows, people can reduce bird deaths at home. These efforts may not fix the problem entirely, but they are a step in the right direction for saving millions of birds. 82．Where does the volunteer find the Acadian flycatcher? A．At an office. B．On the driveway. C．At her house. D．On the sidewalk. 83．What is the main reason birds collide with windows? A．They are attracted to foods. B．They are confused by the lights. C．They fail to recognize glass. D．They fly too high while migrating. 84．How do the birds fly at night during the migration season? A．They use the moon and stars. B．They look for trees in the country. C．They follow the lights in cities. D．They turn to other animals for help. 85．Which best describes the act of applying special films to windows to save birds? A．Difficult. B．Workable. C．Pointless. D．Expensive. I used to walk my dog every morning. Later when we got back home, I would give it some food. This usually caught the 86 of a mynah bird (八哥). The most 87 feature of this bird was its birghtly-coloured 88 mouths, so I found it a bit strange. Later I read a book and found that the colour yellow 89 “communication, optimism (乐观) and inspiration”. I took the “c” from communication, “o” from optimism, and “in” from inspiration to 90 the word “Coin”. This became the bird’s 91 . Every time when my dog finished his meal, Coin would look at me and 92 , “Raack! Raack!” After singing, she would start picking up the food left by the dog. When winter came, Coin 93 . It was the longest winter that we had ever had. When spring 94 came, it was the time for the birds to fly back and I often 95 what had happened to Coin. One day after I had given my dog its 96 , a mynah flew down. It was then that I heard the 97 “Raack! Raack!” Coin was back! Sometimes, I wondered how Coin knew to come back to the same 98 she had left. Each morning Coin would come with her sweet song. Both I and my dog 99 her as a member of our family. Now, I understand that if we have optimism and inspiration in our life, and if we 100 often with others, we are sure to be accepted by everyone. 86．A．realization B．view C．sight D．attention 87．A．special B．common C．central D．possible 88．A．black B．white C．yellow D．sad 89．A．stands for B．achieves C．organizes D．changes 90．A．understand B．explain C．remember D．form 91．A．food B．cage C．name D．story 92．A．shout B．say C．whisper D．sing 93．A．died B．hid C．disappeared D．escaped 94．A．suddenly B．finally C．happily D．luckily 95．A．complained B．recorded C．wondered D．wished 96．A．food B．walk C．drink D．water 97．A．strange B．familiar C．crazy D．terrible 98．A．place B．cats C．persons D．sky 99．A．introduced B．advised C．accepted D．kept 100．A．compare B．meet C．agree D．communicate 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $