专题10 并列句和状语从句（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，江苏专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题10 并列句和状语从句 ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 并列连词和连词短语的用法 1.连词and. or, so, for. but的用法 and 表并列或顺承关系 用于“祈使句，and +陈述句”结构 or 意为“或者”，表示任选其一 意为“否则”，用于“祈使句，or +陈述句”结构 so 表示因果关系 for 表示原因，及附带理由 but “但是”，表转折关系 2.并列连词短语neither…nor…, either…or…, both… and…, not only…but also…的用法 neither--nor- 既不--也不,谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则” either--or-- 或者--或者--，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则” both--and-- 两者都，谓语动词用复数形式 not only-- but also 不但--而且-，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则” 【温馨提示】neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词要和最近的主语保持一致，即就近原则；both...and连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数。 Not only is he a teacher, but he is (also) a poet. Either she goes or I go.  Neither does he smoke nor does he drink. 【延伸拓展】连词的分类 1. and, both... and...,neither... nor...，not only...but also...，as well as表并列、递进或顺承关系　 2. but, yet, nevertheless表转折关系 3. either... or...，not... but...,or, or else,rather than表选择关系 4. for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首), so表因果关系 5. 祈使句+and+陈述句，and表顺承；祈使句+or+陈述句，or表转折and与or用并列句 Stick to your principles, and you will win through. Seize the chance, or you'll regret. 6.while强调对比关系，意为“然而；而” 表对比 Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones lead to the opposite. 7.并列连词when构成的句型 (1)sb. is doing… when…  某人正在做……这时/突然…… (2)sb. is about to do/on the point of doing… when…  某人正要做……这时/突然…… (3)sb. had (just) done… when…  某人刚刚做……就…… I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help. I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on. She was on the point of leaving when I arrived. She had just laid down when the telephone rang.   考点二 时间状语从句 1. when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句 when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。译为“当……时；在……期间”。 while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……” When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。 Please don't talk so loud while others are working. 在别人工作的时候，请别这么大声音说话。 As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越温暖了。 注意：如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when/while/as 可以互换使用。while 表示“在……期间”，从句中常用延续性动词。when还可表原因，意为“既然”。 2. before与since引导的时间状语从句 (1)before与since的常用句式。 连词 常用句式 before It will be＋一段时间＋before ... 过……时间才…… It will not be/was not long＋before ... 不久就会/没多久就…… It was＋时间段＋before ... 过了……(时间)才…… since It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用一般过去时) It was＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用过去完成时) It will be four hours before his flight arrives. 要过四个小时之后，他的航班才会抵达。 It was ten years before the couple met again. 十年之后，这对夫妇才再次相见。 (2) since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动词所表示的动作开始时算起；若用延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语的动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。 It is four years since the war broke out. 自战争爆发以来已有四年了。 (3) “It be＋时间状语＋that＋其他”构成强调句型，意思是“正是在某一时间发生了某事”。 It was at eight o'clock that we got home.正是在八点我们到了家。 (4)“It be＋时间点＋when从句”表示“某事发生在什么时间”，it指代时间。 It was six o'clock when we got home.当我们到家的时候六点了。 3. 表示“一......就......” a. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ... 和once(一……就……)从句中常用一般时态代替将来时。 b. “on＋v.­ing”和“on＋one's＋n.”结构。当v.­ing和n.在意义上相对应时，这两个结构可以互换。 c. no sooner ... than ...，hardly/scarcely ... when ... 句型的时态运用：主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。 The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy. 我姑姑苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。 He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. →No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering. →Hardly had he finished his speech when the students started cheering. 他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。 4. till, until和not ... until引导的时间状语从句 (1) “延续性动词(肯定式)＋until/till”表示“动作延续到……为止”。 (2)“瞬间动词/延续性动词(否定式)＋until/till”表示“直到……才发生”。 (3)强调句型：It is/was not until ... that ... If you don’t understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你有不懂的东西，你可以研究、学习以及和其他人进行交谈，直到你把它弄明白。 She didn’t start the lesson until the pupils settled down.直到学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。 易错点：(1)till不可以置于句首，而until可以。 (2)not until置于句首，主句要用倒装结构。 5. every time, each time, next time, the last time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……，每次……，下次……，上次……”等。 考点三 条件状语从句 1. if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(＝if ... not)表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。 2. in case, on condition that, providing(that), provided (that)，supposing (that), suppose (that)等词汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在……条件下”。 3. as long as(＝so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”。 4. 在“祈使句＋and/or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。 5. if only “如果……就好了”和only if “只有”也可以引导条件状语从句。但是当only if置于句首时，主句部分倒装。 You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard.除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。 If only I were as clever as you.我要是像你一样聪明就好了。 Suppose/Supposing(that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？ 考点四 让步状语从句 1. although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句 though/although though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装；though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。 as as引导的从句必须用倒装语序： 表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他，若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。 while while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。 (√)Smart though/as she is， she doesn't study hard. (√)Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。 He said he would come； he didn't，though.他说他会来，可是没有来。 While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我并不认为这些问题不能解决。 2. even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句 even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。 Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise. 蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。 Even though/if it rains tomorrow, we'll go there.(陈述语气)即使明天下雨，我们也要去那里。 Even if I wanted to marry you, my parents would not agree.(虚拟语气)即使我想和你结婚，我父母也不会同意。 3. “疑问词＋­ever”引导的让步状语从句 wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋­ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。 It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。 However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。 易错点：　whoever， whatever， whomever， whichever还可以引导名词性从句。 You can take whatever you like.(宾语从句)你喜欢什么就可以拿什么。 4. whether...or...引导的让步状语从句 whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。 All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。 Whether she comes here or we go there, the topic of the discussion will remain unchanged.不管是她来这儿还是我们去那儿，讨论的话题都不会变。 考点五 地点状语从句 地点状语从句是指在复合句中作地点状语的从句，表示空间关系，可置于句首、句中或句末，通常由从属连词where, wherever等引导。 We should go where the Party needs us most.我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。 You are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。 考点六 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (以防)，lest等。 1. so that与in order that 这两个连词都表示“为了，以便”，引导的目的状语从句常与情态动词can, could，may, might等连用。in order that引导的从句可以置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 2. for fear that表示“生怕，以免”，in case表示“以防”。 Speak louder so that/in order that the people in the hall can all hear you.大点声讲，以便大厅里的人都能听见。 In order that we get there on time，we should set out early.为了准时赶到那里，我们应该早点出发。 Batteries must be kept in dry places for fear that electricity should leak away.电池应该放在干燥的地方，以免漏电。 I'll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.我给你留个座位，没准儿你会改变主意。 考点七 原因状语从句 1. 引导原因状语从句的连词主要有：because, as, since等。并列连词for也可表示原因。每个连词的含义不尽相同。 连词 位置 内涵 语气 回答why 被强调 because(因为) 主句前或后 直接因果关系 强 能 能 as (由于) 主句前或后 双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能 since/now that(既然) 通常位于主句前 for(因为) 位于句后 用于补充说明的原因 弱 不能 不能 He was criticized by the teacher, because he was late for class.因为他迟到了，老师批评了他。 I can't go with you, as I have a lot of work to do.我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。 Since everyone is here, we can begin our discussion.既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。 2. when(既然)，也可以引导原因状语从句。 It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes. 既然步行5分钟就能到那里，你却去乘出租汽车，真够愚蠢的。 3.其他词引导的原因状语从句 seeing that (鉴于，由于), considering that (考虑到), in that(因为)， now that既然, given that考虑到, for the reason that因为 Now that you are a high school student, you are responsible for what you do.既然是高中生了，你就要为你的行为负责。 Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him. 他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们，我们现在没有理由来帮助他。 Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。 考点八 结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的引导词或短语有so that, so ... that ... , such ... that ... 。 1.结构形式 2. 当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。 So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于他能解决所有的难题。 Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸的威力如此巨大，以致所有的窗户都被震破了。 考点一：并列连词和连词短语 例1. —Didn’t you give advice to your friend on learning? —Oh, not only my friend ________ his friends got advice. A. or B. and C. but also D. until 例2. You’ll speak English well ________ you keep practicing. A. though B. while C. if D. before 例3. I would have been able to catch the first flight home, ________ my watch betrayed me. 1. Try to be the master of your life. Life is a horse and ________ you ride it ________ it rides you. A. either, or B. neither, nor C. both, and D. not only, but also 2. A true friend can see the pain in your eyes ________ others believe the smile on your face A. because B. while C. before D. until 3. You will pass the exam easily ________ you study hard. A. if B. where C. why D. how 4. Let’s set out right now, ________ we will be late for our flight. A. and B. or C. but D. so 5. Sweet snacks can give us energy, ________ they are not healthy. A. and B. or C. but D. then 考点二：时间状语从句 例1. —What was the party like? —Wonderful. It’s been years ________ I enjoyed myself that much. A. after B. before C. when D. since 例2. It was evening ________ we reached the little town. A. till B. that C. since D. before 例3. Many women experience a time of sadness ________ they give birth to a baby. 1. ________ environmental damage is done, it takes many years to recover. A. Since B. While C. Before D. Once 2. —________ I get to the airport, I’ll phone you. —OK. I’ll pick you up there. A. Since B. As soon as C. Unless D. Although 3. ________ he came back home that we knew what had happened. A. When it was B. It was when C. Was it when D. When was it 4. — When did you go to bed last night? — I didn’t go to bed ________ my father got home. A. while B. after C. when D. until 5. He was about to tell me the secret ________ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. when D. while 考点三：条件状语从句 例1. You will pass the exam easily ________ you study hard. A. if B. where C. why D. how 例2. The park rules state that no child shall be allowed to play on the slide, ________ accompanied by an adult. A. if B. when C. unless D. since 例3. ________ you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A. Even though B. If only C. Only when D. Only if 1. If it ________ rain tomorrow, we ________ go hiking. A. don't, will B. won't, are C. won't, will D. doesn't, will 2. He will get a job more easily ________ he makes his computer skills better. A. if B. before C. while D. though 3. It's not a waste of time and energy ________ you gain experience related to your job. A. even if B. ever since C. as long as D. as though 4. We will go on an outing tomorrow ________ it doesn't rain. A. until B. while C. unless D. if 7. We'll have a picnic in the park this Sunday ________ it rains or it's very cold. A. since B. if C. unless D. until 考点四：让步状语从句 例1. ________ difficult my life may be, I will never give in to the fate. 例2. All people, ________ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 例3. ________ you go, you will always find people who are kind and willing to help. A. Wherever B. Whenever C. Whatever D. Whichever 1. ________ David Beckham goes, he is always welcome. A. Whichever B. However C. Wherever D. Whatever 2. ________ the man isn’t very rich, he gives a large amount of money to the students every year. A. Though B. Since C. Unless D. If 3. David still works hard ________ he has made great progress. A. because B. though C. unless D. if 4. Some teens cannot be controlled by their parents, ________ the parents try hard to control them. A. even if B. as though C. now that D. in case 5. ________, he always makes time for his family. A. No matter he is busy B. No matter how busy he is C. However he is busy          D. However busy is he 考点五：地点和原因状语从句 例1. You are always looking for your keys. Remember to leave things ________ you can find them next time. A. what B. which C. where D. how 例2. He has read a lot of books on arts ________ he wants to be an artist in the future. A. because B. though C. once D. unless 1. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark ________ you have any questions. A. which B. that C. though D. where 2. He came back late ________ there was something wrong with his car. A. because B. unless C. though D. otherwise 3. They didn't go camping ________ it rained heavily. A. because B. and C. so D. or 4. ________ it is so hot, I guess we can’t do anything until after dark. A. In case B. Now that C. Even if D. As though 考点六：目的,结果状语从句 例1. He spoke so quickly ________ his students couldn’t follow him. 例2. Students should attend Labour Courses ________ they can learn some life skills. A. if B. unless C. so that D. in order to 1. All the restaurants are listed on the paper ________ you can choose one to have lunch easily. A. although B. because C. so that D. if 2. We will sit in the front of the hall ________ we can hear the speaker clearly. A. so as to B. in order to C. in order that D. such that 3. Jim put a table and chair in the spare room ________ his son could have a private place to study. A. even if B. only if C. for fear that D. in order that 4. The problem is ________ difficult that ________ students can work it out. A. so; a few B. so; little C. so; few D. so; a little 一、单项选择 1. The park rules state that no child shall be allowed to play on the slide, ________ accompanied by an adult. A. if B. when C. unless D. since 2. ________ the man isn’t very rich, he gives a large amount of money to the students every year. A. Though B. Since C. Unless D. If 3. After cleaning up the classroom, I felt tired ________ happy. A. nor B. but C. or D. so 4. Mr. Black walked around and offered help________ we were doing an experiment. A. while B. although C. until D. unless 5. My mother is always warning me when I go out, “Don’t get off the bus ________ it is stopping.” A. until B. before C. while D. after 6. I believe you will have a wonderful time here ________ you get to know everyone else. A. though B. as if C. once D. so that 7. ________, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. A. However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is C. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing 8. How can they learn so much ________ they spend such a lot of time hanging about? A. although B. when C. before D. until 9. Pop music is such an important part of society ________ it has even influenced our language. A. what B. that C. which D. though 10. ________ with heavy loads of teaching ________ he later became an easy target of the flu. A. So tired was the teacher；that B. The teacher was so tired；which C. Tired as the teacher；that D. Such was the tired teacher；which 二、单句语法填空 1. We post-2000s generations are not a lost generation, ________ a generation that can contribute to the future of our country. 2. Kids can test their skills ________ compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. 3. He had been allowed to wear the cap for a short period, ________(provide) his hands were clean when he put it on. 4. ________ met with skepticism at first, his findings gradually gained acceptance. 5. You can’t got a job ________ you’ve got experience. 6. It’s been years ________ they were dusty little rooms with books. 7. I dreamed of entering cycle races ________ I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. 8. ________ I was walking in the park, I met an old friend. 9. ________ talented you’ve been in music, it’s still not easy to organize a band, but here’s a quick guide to get you started. 10. ________ the lions were awakened, they performed a lively flying dance. 一、阅读理解 A Dear Editor, After I attended your summer camp about health and lifestyle choices, I realised I hardly ever felt well, either physically or mentally. I often felt sleepy and dizzy, and lacked passion. Most worrying, though, I got the flu easily and experienced many toothaches, too. At the end of the camp I heard, “Change the world by changing yourself.” This stimulated my motivation. A dentist once examined me and told me that too much sugar in my meals had damaged my teeth and health. I made up my mind to change two things in my life: to eat nothing with sugar and to exercise regularly. After that I stopped buying all the sweets, biscuits, and sugary drinks that I used to have every day. Whenever I went out with friends, I brought snacks from home, things that didn’t have any added sugar: fruit, nuts, dried meat, etc. My exercise was very simple: I went outside every day for at least 30 minutes and did something active. Sometimes I played table tennis or badminton with my cousins. Other times I jumped on my skateboard and rode around my neighbourhood, or just took a long walk. The results have been fantastic. I feel more dynamic and stronger than ever, in both body and mind. I sleep soundly at night now. I no longer suffer from a flu virus or toothaches either. Best of all, in my opinion, is how I feel about myself. I feel like I’m in control of my own life. To make choices about myself is within my own power. I CAN change myself. I just need to try. Yours truly, Wang Lu Dear Editor, As I took part in the summer camp about personal life choices, I started to analyse my choices, especially what I did to relax and how it was affecting my whole life. After starting high school, I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games. I got so absorbed that I played the games day and night. Playing was fun, but I felt even more worn out afterwards! So after the camp, I realised that it was very, very important to adjust my lifestyle. I decided to take control of my life and find other ways to relax. It was a big struggle not to join my friends in playing online games as I’m mad for them. However, I realised that to succeed in quitting, I had to replace it with something else. So I thought about what to try. Rock climbing, bowling, watching comedies, and playing basketball were the things I thought of doing instead. Now my dad and I go rock climbing together monthly! It has enhanced the quality of my life, improving my health and increasing my happiness. I get refreshed through climbing, spend more time with my dad, and get to meet new friends. After six months of trying out new ways of relaxing, I feel much more energetic. I feel that I can change myself for the better. And if that’s true for me, then it might truly be possible to change the world for the better. As Gandhi said, “Be the change you want to see in the world.” Sincerely, George Fielding 1. What did Wang Lu most worry about? A. Her not feeling well physically. B. Her feeling dizzy and sleepy. C. Her lacking passion. D. Her getting the flu and toothaches easily. 2. Why did Wang Lu determine to change lifestyle choices? A. The camp about health and lifestyle choices ended. B. She was encouraged by what she heard at the summer camp. C. She intended to change the world by changing herself. D. Her dentist gave her a lot of motivation. 3. What made George Fielding become involved in his bad habit? A. Attending the summer camp. B. Being worn out. C. Being under great pressure at school. D. Having nothing to do but relax. 4. What do the two students Wang Lu and George Fielding have in common? A. They have got rid of bad habits and become energetic now. B. They used to like eating too much sugar. C. They used to be addicted to playing computer games. B In 2021, my 68-year-old mother was diagnosed(诊断) with Alzheimer’s(阿尔茨海默病). By January 2023, she’d lost her ability to complete everyday tasks. She was set on staying in her home and resisted the in-home care. I guessed it was because of what it represented: the acceptance of a disease that would slowly rob her of her memories and the ability to take care of herself. We had to make the hard choice of finding her a nursing home for her safety and well-being. But we knew she wouldn’t be interested. So, we made up an excuse, telling her that it was an opportunity to spend the winter near my brother in sunny Florida while living at an apartment we had arranged for her. My mum wasn’t the soft, affectionate mother I often longed for. She had never shown or talked about her feelings, but she was a great example of a hard-working, independent, entrepreneurial woman. My brother and I both have our own businesses, which is something she showed us was possible. Since her diagnosis, watching her battle with accepting what was happening to her was heartbreaking, but I also felt closer to her when she began to express and share her feelings with me like a kid. My brother arrived to meet us and we were shown to her apartment. A small kitchen, a living room, a bathroom, and two bedrooms — one for her, and one for me and my brother to stay in when we visited. She seemed happy during moving in. For the next 10 days, I lived with her there. We went to meals together, reviewed the activity schedule, and I dropped her off and picked her up like a child at school. The day came when I had to fly home, and I cried. As I shifted from being her daughter to being more like her parent, I realized how hard being a mother can be. 5. Why might the author’s mother resist in-home care? A. She preferred living alone. B. She disliked the caregivers. C. She feared losing independence. D. She intended to move to Florida. 6. How did the author and her brother convince their mother to move to the nursing home? A. They told her a white lie. B. They threatened her to go. C. They offered her a free apartment. D. They agreed to keep her company. 7. What kind of person was the author’s mother before the diagnosis? A. Talkative and determined. B. Reserved but responsible. C. Energetic and gentle. D. Creative but cold. 8. How does the author feel after her role change? A. Confused. B. Content. C. Awkward. D. Appreciative. C As night falls in the rainforest, orangutans(猩猩) climb high into the treetops to build tree nests(巢). These carefully constructed beds provide warmth, comfort, and protection against natural enemies and mosquitoes. Scientists have long been curious about how young orangutans learn such a complex skill. Recent research shows that they learn it through observation and practice — a process known as observational social learning. Nest-building is essential for orangutan survival. It is neither purely inborn nor quickly mastered. Constructing a nest requires physical strength, clever hands, and decision-making regarding materials and structure. Night nests are especially well-designed, often featuring linings, pillows, and even roofs. This makes nest-building a challenging task. Young orangutans begin to show interest in nest-building at around six months old. They start practicing simple day nests at about one year of age, but night nest construction begins around age three and is not fully mastered until they are about eight years old. More advanced skills, such as building across multiple trees or adding comfort features, develop even later. A key finding is that young orangutans learn primarily by closely watching their mothers build nests. Those who paid close attention were more likely to attempt practice soon afterward. Simply being near the mother without active observation did not have the same effect. This highlights the role of focused attention in social learning. Additionally, young orangutans pay special attention to complex aspects of construction, such as multi-tree supports and comfort elements. After observing these challenging steps, they practice them more frequently. As they grow older, they also observe other members of the group, broadening their learning sources. Material selection is also socially learned. Young orangutans tend to use the same tree species as their mothers. As they grow older, they experiment with other materials, but adults often return to the tree species their mothers used. This study highlights that nest-building traditions are culturally passed down across generations. The loss of orangutan populations or their habitats could therefore mean the disappearance of unique cultural knowledge. This research not only shows the intelligence and cultural richness of orangutans, but also emphasizes the importance of their conservation. 9. Which word can best describe the process of young orangutans learning nest-building? A. Gradual. B. Painful. C. Inefficient. D. Independent. 10. How do young orangutans mainly learn to build nests? A. By trial and error. B. By observing their mothers. C. Through natural behavior. D. From other young orangutans. 11. What do young orangutans focus especially on when learning nest-building? A. Quick nest-building skills. B. Complex construction aspects. C. Simple day nest structures. D. Rare tree species for materials. 12. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Habits of orangutans. B. The necessity of learning. C. Ways to protect orangutans. D. The significance of the study. D If someone asked whether you like the arts, you’d probably say you do at least in theory. According to a survey, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults say the arts “lift me up beyond everyday experiences”. However, only 30 percent attended a concert of any type in 2017; 23 percent went to an art museum. Fewer than half actively created art of any kind. The mismatch can boil down to the fact that we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities, leaving our schedule packed. Maybe you like to play a little background music while you work or do the chores, but even before the pandemic, most of us rarely, if ever, saw a live performance, let alone visited a gallery or watched a play. Too often, we let the dull reality of life get in the way of the arts. But this is a mistake. The arts are the opposite of an escape from reality; they might just be the most realistic glimpse we ever get into the nature and meaning of life. If you make time for consuming and producing the arts the same way you make time for work and exercise and family commitments, I assure you that you’ll find your life getting fuller and happier. Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or maybe your dizziness struck as you came out from a narrow side street in an unfamiliar city. There you found yourself in a beautiful town square as if in a fantasy. They probably stimulated(刺激) a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air. If you are among the people who feel that the arts are pure pleasures to experience and participate in, you might see them as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is to treat the arts less like a distracting pleasure, and more like exercise or sleep, a necessity. Then draw up a schedule of your art exposure journey, and gradually weave the arts into your everyday life. 13. What prevents people from enjoying the arts? A. Lack of interest. B. Avoidance of duty. C. Shortage of time. D. Art space inaccessibility. 14. What can we learn about the role of the arts according to paragraph 3? A. They explore mysteries of life. B. They spark emotional responses. C. They enhance physical well-being. D. They offer a getaway from daily life. 15. According to the passage, which of the following statements about “the arts” is true? A. Most people consider the arts as a form of escape from reality. B. The arts can directly provide practical solutions to daily life problems. C. The author suggests that the arts should be treated as a necessity of life. D. The main barrier to participating in the arts is the lack of accessible places. 16. What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph? A. Forms of distracting pleasures. B. Benefits of engaging with the arts. C. Barriers to combine the arts and life. D. Ways to integrate the arts into daily routine. 二、完形填空 My first guitar lesson ended in pain, confusion and defeat. But then I was completely 1 . At 10, I felt a deep connection to this mysterious instrument. Since then, guitars have been my life. Through aching fingers, guitars 2 my deep emotions. With practice, the pain 3 and I grew closer to the instrument. The calluses (老茧) on my fingertips became badges(勋章) of honor, filling me with pride. The feelings of playing became second nature, providing temporary excellence. I couldn’t remember how many times I had been 4 to another reality. Picking up a guitar always returns me to that innocent 10-year-old, leaving me calmer and 5 . The joy is 6 when I witness its impact on others. In my late teens, our band performed at hospitals and seniors’ homes. The smiles of the audience still remain with me. Guitars also 7 cultural divides. When I traveled, the 8 rhythms with fellow musicians awakened beautiful conversations. The guitar has 9 many defining moments in my life — performing for my wife, accompanying my children and comforting me in 10 . It centers and calms me. Many years ago, I thought I was picking up a guitar for the first and only time. 11 , it became my lifelong passion. I 12 it to my parents, whose encouragement and belief in my potential paved the way for a lifelong 13 . For anyone fortunate enough, there’s an “instrument” waiting to be found — something that 14 them to themselves and others. It might not be a guitar, it could be a paintbrush or a sport. What matters is the sense of 15 it brings. 1. A. confused B. absorbed C. exhausted D. occupied 2. A. looked around B. turned around C. ran into D. tapped into 3. A. faded B. emerged C. integrated D. increased 4. A. admitted B. pushed C. transported D. exposed 5. A. refreshed B. painful C. cautious D. lonely 6. A. upgraded B. enhanced C. released D. overcome 7. A. built B. melted C. bridged D. recounted 8. A. complex B. similar C. local D. shared 9. A. marked B. remembered C. valued D. predicted 10. A. business B. silence C. progress D. hardship 11. A. Eventually B. Therefore C. Moreover D. However 12. A. credit B. distribute C. deliver D. pass 13. A. sympathy B. tension C. enthusiasm D. tone 14. A. presents B. introduces C. links D. changes 15. A. achievement B. belonging C. identity D. community 三、语法填空 We found a parking space next to our hut, 1 was round and made from brick. The walls, 2 (paint) brilliant white, reflected the afternoon sun. There were five similar huts, all lined up 3 (face) Mount Kilimanjaro, the 4 (high) mountain in Africa. The mountain rose up over the plains before us. Tall grasses and trees 5 (dot) the plains, which were alive with the African wildlife we had come to see. Giraffes, with their long necks, were pulling leaves from the highest 6 (branch). 7 the distance, elephants were eating grass, ears flapping lazily as they moved slowly over the plains. I had never seen anything like this before. It was indeed the greatest show on the Earth. We got out of the car, carrying our suitcases and boxes of food into the hut. I placed ham sandwiches, sausages and a bunch of bananas on a small wooden table. I returned to the car and fetched more possessions. It was then that I noticed a small grey monkey sitting on a tree a few metres away and eating a banana. “So cute,” I thought to 8 (me), until I realized 9 was my banana that he was eating. He was looking at me intently as he enjoyed the final 10 (mouth). I was sure he was saying, “Thank you.” “You're welcome,” I replied. 四、应用文写作 假定你是国际学校学生李华，你校最近发起了以“珍惜水资源，节约用水”为主题的倡议活动。请你代表学生会写一封倡议书，内容包括： (1)珍惜水资源的重要性; (2)如何从身边小事做起。 注意：(1)词数80左右; (2)适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Students’ Union 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 并列句和状语从句 ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 并列连词和连词短语的用法 1.连词and. or, so, for. but的用法 and 表并列或顺承关系 用于“祈使句，and +陈述句”结构 or 意为“或者”，表示任选其一 意为“否则”，用于“祈使句，or +陈述句”结构 so 表示因果关系 for 表示原因，及附带理由 but “但是”，表转折关系 2.并列连词短语neither…nor…, either…or…, both… and…, not only…but also…的用法 neither--nor- 既不--也不,谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则” either--or-- 或者--或者--，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则” both--and-- 两者都，谓语动词用复数形式 not only-- but also 不但--而且-，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则” 【温馨提示】neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词要和最近的主语保持一致，即就近原则；both...and连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数。 Not only is he a teacher, but he is (also) a poet. Either she goes or I go.  Neither does he smoke nor does he drink. 【延伸拓展】连词的分类 1. and, both... and...,neither... nor...，not only...but also...，as well as表并列、递进或顺承关系　 2. but, yet, nevertheless表转折关系 3. either... or...，not... but...,or, or else,rather than表选择关系 4. for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首), so表因果关系 5. 祈使句+and+陈述句，and表顺承；祈使句+or+陈述句，or表转折and与or用并列句 Stick to your principles, and you will win through. Seize the chance, or you'll regret. 6.while强调对比关系，意为“然而；而” 表对比 Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones lead to the opposite. 7.并列连词when构成的句型 (1)sb. is doing… when…  某人正在做……这时/突然…… (2)sb. is about to do/on the point of doing… when…  某人正要做……这时/突然…… (3)sb. had (just) done… when…  某人刚刚做……就…… I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help. I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on. She was on the point of leaving when I arrived. She had just laid down when the telephone rang.   考点二 时间状语从句 1. when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句 when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。译为“当……时；在……期间”。 while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……” When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。 Please don't talk so loud while others are working. 在别人工作的时候，请别这么大声音说话。 As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越温暖了。 注意：如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when/while/as 可以互换使用。while 表示“在……期间”，从句中常用延续性动词。when还可表原因，意为“既然”。 2. before与since引导的时间状语从句 (1)before与since的常用句式。 连词 常用句式 before It will be＋一段时间＋before ... 过……时间才…… It will not be/was not long＋before ... 不久就会/没多久就…… It was＋时间段＋before ... 过了……(时间)才…… since It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用一般过去时) It was＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用过去完成时) It will be four hours before his flight arrives. 要过四个小时之后，他的航班才会抵达。 It was ten years before the couple met again. 十年之后，这对夫妇才再次相见。 (2) since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动词所表示的动作开始时算起；若用延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语的动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。 It is four years since the war broke out. 自战争爆发以来已有四年了。 (3) “It be＋时间状语＋that＋其他”构成强调句型，意思是“正是在某一时间发生了某事”。 It was at eight o'clock that we got home.正是在八点我们到了家。 (4)“It be＋时间点＋when从句”表示“某事发生在什么时间”，it指代时间。 It was six o'clock when we got home.当我们到家的时候六点了。 3. 表示“一......就......” a. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ... 和once(一……就……)从句中常用一般时态代替将来时。 b. “on＋v.­ing”和“on＋one's＋n.”结构。当v.­ing和n.在意义上相对应时，这两个结构可以互换。 c. no sooner ... than ...，hardly/scarcely ... when ... 句型的时态运用：主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。 The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy. 我姑姑苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。 He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. →No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering. →Hardly had he finished his speech when the students started cheering. 他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。 4. till, until和not ... until引导的时间状语从句 (1) “延续性动词(肯定式)＋until/till”表示“动作延续到……为止”。 (2)“瞬间动词/延续性动词(否定式)＋until/till”表示“直到……才发生”。 (3)强调句型：It is/was not until ... that ... If you don’t understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你有不懂的东西，你可以研究、学习以及和其他人进行交谈，直到你把它弄明白。 She didn’t start the lesson until the pupils settled down.直到学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。 易错点：(1)till不可以置于句首，而until可以。 (2)not until置于句首，主句要用倒装结构。 5. every time, each time, next time, the last time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……，每次……，下次……，上次……”等。 考点三 条件状语从句 1. if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(＝if ... not)表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。 2. in case, on condition that, providing(that), provided (that)，supposing (that), suppose (that)等词汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在……条件下”。 3. as long as(＝so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”。 4. 在“祈使句＋and/or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。 5. if only “如果……就好了”和only if “只有”也可以引导条件状语从句。但是当only if置于句首时，主句部分倒装。 You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard.除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。 If only I were as clever as you.我要是像你一样聪明就好了。 Suppose/Supposing(that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？ 考点四 让步状语从句 1. although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句 though/although though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装；though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。 as as引导的从句必须用倒装语序： 表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他，若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。 while while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。 (√)Smart though/as she is， she doesn't study hard. (√)Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。 He said he would come； he didn't，though.他说他会来，可是没有来。 While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我并不认为这些问题不能解决。 2. even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句 even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。 Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise. 蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。 Even though/if it rains tomorrow, we'll go there.(陈述语气)即使明天下雨，我们也要去那里。 Even if I wanted to marry you, my parents would not agree.(虚拟语气)即使我想和你结婚，我父母也不会同意。 3. “疑问词＋­ever”引导的让步状语从句 wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋­ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。 It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。 However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。 易错点：　whoever， whatever， whomever， whichever还可以引导名词性从句。 You can take whatever you like.(宾语从句)你喜欢什么就可以拿什么。 4. whether...or...引导的让步状语从句 whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。 All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。 Whether she comes here or we go there, the topic of the discussion will remain unchanged.不管是她来这儿还是我们去那儿，讨论的话题都不会变。 考点五 地点状语从句 地点状语从句是指在复合句中作地点状语的从句，表示空间关系，可置于句首、句中或句末，通常由从属连词where, wherever等引导。 We should go where the Party needs us most.我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。 You are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。 考点六 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (以防)，lest等。 1. so that与in order that 这两个连词都表示“为了，以便”，引导的目的状语从句常与情态动词can, could，may, might等连用。in order that引导的从句可以置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 2. for fear that表示“生怕，以免”，in case表示“以防”。 Speak louder so that/in order that the people in the hall can all hear you.大点声讲，以便大厅里的人都能听见。 In order that we get there on time，we should set out early.为了准时赶到那里，我们应该早点出发。 Batteries must be kept in dry places for fear that electricity should leak away.电池应该放在干燥的地方，以免漏电。 I'll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.我给你留个座位，没准儿你会改变主意。 考点七 原因状语从句 1. 引导原因状语从句的连词主要有：because, as, since等。并列连词for也可表示原因。每个连词的含义不尽相同。 连词 位置 内涵 语气 回答why 被强调 because(因为) 主句前或后 直接因果关系 强 能 能 as (由于) 主句前或后 双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能 since/now that(既然) 通常位于主句前 for(因为) 位于句后 用于补充说明的原因 弱 不能 不能 He was criticized by the teacher, because he was late for class.因为他迟到了，老师批评了他。 I can't go with you, as I have a lot of work to do.我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。 Since everyone is here, we can begin our discussion.既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。 2. when(既然)，也可以引导原因状语从句。 It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes. 既然步行5分钟就能到那里，你却去乘出租汽车，真够愚蠢的。 3.其他词引导的原因状语从句 seeing that (鉴于，由于), considering that (考虑到), in that(因为)， now that既然, given that考虑到, for the reason that因为 Now that you are a high school student, you are responsible for what you do.既然是高中生了，你就要为你的行为负责。 Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him. 他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们，我们现在没有理由来帮助他。 Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。 考点八 结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的引导词或短语有so that, so ... that ... , such ... that ... 。 1.结构形式 2. 当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。 So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于他能解决所有的难题。 Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸的威力如此巨大，以致所有的窗户都被震破了。 考点一：并列连词和连词短语 例1. —Didn’t you give advice to your friend on learning? —Oh, not only my friend ________ his friends got advice. A. or B. and C. but also D. until 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词。句意：—— 你没给你的朋友提供学习建议吗？—— 哦，不仅我的朋友，他的朋友们也得到了建议。A. or或者；B. and和；C. but also而且；D. until直到。not only...but also...是固定结构，意为“不仅…… 而且……”，符合句意。故选C。 例2. You’ll speak English well ________ you keep practicing. A. though B. while C. if D. before 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果你坚持练习，你会说好英语的。A. though虽然；B. while然而，在……期间；C. if如果；D. before在……之前。根据句意可知，后文“you keep practicing”是前文的条件。故选C项。 例3. I would have been able to catch the first flight home, ________ my watch betrayed me. 【答案】but 【详解】考查连词。句意：我本可以赶上回家的第一班飞机，但我的表不准了。根据前后文语境，可知此处表示转折关系，意为“但是”应用连词but，故填but。 1. Try to be the master of your life. Life is a horse and ________ you ride it ________ it rides you. A. either, or B. neither, nor C. both, and D. not only, but also 【答案】A 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：试着成为自己生活的主宰。生活就像一匹马，要么你驾驭它，要么它驾驭你。A. either, or要么……要么……；B. neither, nor两者都不；C. both, and两者都；D. not only, but also不仅……而且……。此处指要么你驾驭生活，要么生活驾驭你，用either…or…。故选A。 2. A true friend can see the pain in your eyes ________ others believe the smile on your face A. because B. while C. before D. until 【答案】B 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：真正的朋友能看到你眼中的痛苦，而其他人却相信你脸上的笑容。A. because因为；B. while然而；C. before在……之前；D. until直到……为止。空格前后是两个对比的情况，即“真正的朋友能看到你眼中的痛苦”和“其他人却相信你脸上的笑容”，故用while表示对比。故选B。 3. You will pass the exam easily ________ you study hard. A. if B. where C. why D. how 【答案】A 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：如果你努力学习，你会很容易通过考试的。空处引导状语从句，表示“如果”，应用if引导条件状语从句，故选A。 4. Let’s set out right now, ________ we will be late for our flight. A. and B. or C. but D. so 【答案】B 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们现在就出发，否则就要赶不上飞机了。A. and并且；B. or否则，要不然；C. but但是；D. so所以。此处为固定句型：祈使句+or+陈述句，or意为“否则”。故选B。 5. Sweet snacks can give us energy, ________ they are not healthy. A. and B. or C. but D. then 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：甜食能给我们能量，但是它们是不健康的。A. and和，并且；B. or或者；C. but但是；D. then然后。结合语意，甜食能给我们能量，但是它们是不健康的，句子前后是转折关系，应用连词but，表示“但是”。故选C项。 考点二：时间状语从句 例1. —What was the party like? —Wonderful. It’s been years ________ I enjoyed myself that much. A. after B. before C. when D. since 【答案】D 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：——聚会怎么样？——太棒了。我已经好几年没有那么快乐了。分析句子结构，空处引导一个时间状语从句。A. after在……以后，引导时间状语从句；B.  before在……以前，引导时间状语从句；C.  when当……时，引导时间状语从句；D.  since自……以后，引导时间状语从句。“it has been+时间段+since从句”表示“自从……已经多久了”，为固定句型。故选D。 例2. It was evening ________ we reached the little town. A. till B. that C. since D. before 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：我们还没到那个小镇天已经晚了。A. till直到……为止，引导时间状语从句；B. that无实义，用于引出各种从句；C. since自从，引导时间状语从句；D. before在……之前，引导时间状语从句。分析句子可知，句子并非“It was+被强调部分+that…”强调句型，因为去掉It was和that后句子不合乎语法，结合句意可知，句子应该表示“在我们到达那个小镇之前，天已经晚了”，空处应用before“在……之前”引导时间状语从句。故选D。 例3. Many women experience a time of sadness ________ they give birth to a baby. 【答案】after 【详解】考查连词。句意：许多妇女在生完孩子后都会经历一段悲伤的时光。分析句子可知，此处为连词after引导的时间状语从句，意为“在……之后”。故填after。 1. ________ environmental damage is done, it takes many years to recover. A. Since B. While C. Before D. Once 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：一旦造成环境破坏，需要很多年才能恢复。A. Since自从，引导时间状语从句；B. While尽管，引导让步状语从句；C. Before在……之前，引导时间状语从句；D. Once一旦……就，引导时间状语从句。结合句意可知，Once“一旦……就”符合题意，可用来引导时间状语从句，表示环境破坏一旦造成了，就需要很多年才能恢复。故选D。 2. —________ I get to the airport, I’ll phone you. —OK. I’ll pick you up there. A. Since B. As soon as C. Unless D. Although 【答案】B 【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：——我一到机场就给你打电话。——好的。我去那儿接你。A.Since自从；B. As soon as一……就……；C.Unless除非；D. Although尽管。根据语境可知，此处表示“我一到机场就给你打电话”，应用as soon as引导时间状语从句。故选B项。 3. ________ he came back home that we knew what had happened. A. When it was B. It was when C. Was it when D. When was it 【答案】B 【详解】考查强调句。句意：他回家后，我们才知道发生了什么事。句子是强调句，结构为：It was+ 被强调部分+ that+其他，此处被强调部分是时间状语when he came back home。故选B。 4. — When did you go to bed last night? — I didn’t go to bed ________ my father got home. A. while B. after C. when D. until 【答案】D 【详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：——昨晚你什么时候睡觉的？——直到我爸爸回到家我才睡觉。A. while在……期间；B. after在……以后；C. when当……时候；D. until到……为止。分析句子可知，空白处意为“才……”；not…until意为“直到……才……”，是固定搭配，因此填until符合语境。故选D。 5. He was about to tell me the secret ________ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. when D. while 【答案】C 【详解】试题分析:考查固定句型。句意：他正要告诉我这个秘密，这时有人拍了拍他的肩膀。固定句型：be about to do ….when“正要做某事……这时……”，答案选C。 考点三：条件状语从句 例1. You will pass the exam easily ________ you study hard. A. if B. where C. why D. how 【答案】A 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：如果你努力学习，你会很容易通过考试的。空处引导状语从句，表示“如果”，应用if引导条件状语从句，故选A。 例2. The park rules state that no child shall be allowed to play on the slide, ________ accompanied by an adult. A. if B. when C. unless D. since 【答案】C 【详解】考查状语从句和连词。句意：公园规则规定，除非有大人陪同，否则不允许孩子玩滑梯。A. if如果；B. when在……时候；C. unless除非；D. since自……以来。结合句意，分析句子可知，“ accompanied by an adult.”是省略后的条件状语从句，是“no child shall be allowed to play on the slide”的条件，用连词unless引导该从句，其意为“除非；如果不”。故选C项。 例3. ________ you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A. Even though B. If only C. Only when D. Only if 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：只有你吃正确的食物，你才能保持健康。A.even though即使，纵然；B.if only只要；要是……就好了；C.only when只有当，除非；D.only if只要……就，只有，只有当……。当only if放在句首时，应该用倒装句型。句中使用了部分倒装“will you”。故选D项。 1. If it ________ rain tomorrow, we ________ go hiking. A. don't, will B. won't, are C. won't, will D. doesn't, will 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：如果明天不下雨，我们将去远足。if引导的条件状语从句，主语使用一般将来时，从句应当使用一般现在时。主语为it，因此助动词要用does，否定形式为doesn't。因此doesn't 符合题意。故选D。 2. He will get a job more easily ________ he makes his computer skills better. A. if B. before C. while D. though 【答案】A 【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果他能提高计算机技能，他会更容易找到一份工作。A. if如果；B. before之前；C. while当……的时候；D. though尽管。根据句意可知，提高计算机技能是更容易找到工作的条件，故用连词if引导条件状语从句。故此题选A。 3. It's not a waste of time and energy ________ you gain experience related to your job. A. even if B. ever since C. as long as D. as though 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：只要你能获得与工作相关的经验，这就不是浪费时间和精力。A.even if即使； B.ever since自从； C.as long as只要； D.as though似乎。“能获得与工作相关的经验”是“就不是浪费时间和精力”的先提条件，所以as long as符合语境。故选C。 4. We will go on an outing tomorrow ________ it doesn't rain. A. until B. while C. unless D. if 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果不下雨，我们明天会去郊游。A. until直到；B. while当；C. unless除非；D. if如果。结合句意可知，此处用“如果”符合语境，后文是前文发生的条件，故选D项。 7. We'll have a picnic in the park this Sunday ________ it rains or it's very cold. A. since B. if C. unless D. until 【答案】C 【详解】考查从属连词。句意：除非下雨或天很冷，我们将在本周日去公园野餐。从句子之间的逻辑关系判断，此处应为否定条件句，相当于if...not，故排除if，而选unless。A项since表因果关系；D项until只能引导时间状语从句，故排除。故选C。 考点四：让步状语从句 例1. ________ difficult my life may be, I will never give in to the fate. 【答案】However 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论我的生活多么艰难，我决不向命运屈服。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论多么”应用however，句首单词首字母要大写。故填However。 例2. All people, ________ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：自灾难发生以来，所有人，无论老少、贫富，都在尽最大努力帮助那些需要帮助的人。分析句子可知，句子为让步状语从句，“whether…or…”意为“无论……还是……”，引导从句，故空格处应用“whether”。故填whether。 例3. ________ you go, you will always find people who are kind and willing to help. A. Wherever B. Whenever C. Whatever D. Whichever 【答案】A 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论你走到哪里，你总会发现有很多善良且乐于助人的人。A. Wherever无论哪里；B. Whenever无论何时；C. Whatever无论什么；D. Whichever无论哪个。此处指无论哪里，引导让步状语从句，用wherever。故选A。 1. ________ David Beckham goes, he is always welcome. A. Whichever B. However C. Wherever D. Whatever 【答案】C 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论贝克汉姆走到哪里，他总是受到欢迎。A. Whichever任何一个；B. However无论如何；C. Wherever无论哪里；D. Whatever无论什么。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论哪里”应用wherever。故选C。 2. ________ the man isn’t very rich, he gives a large amount of money to the students every year. A. Though B. Since C. Unless D. If 【答案】A 【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：虽然这个人不是很富有，但他每年都给学生一大笔钱。A. Though虽然，尽管；B. Since因为，自从；C. Unless除非；D. If如果。根据空前后句意可知，此处需用连接词though引导让步状语从句。故选A。 3. David still works hard ________ he has made great progress. A. because B. though C. unless D. if 【答案】B 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然David取得了很大的进步，但他仍然努力学习。A. because 因为；B. though 虽然，尽管；C. unless 除非；D. if 是否，如果。由句意可知前后句为让步关系，所以应使用表示让步的从属连词though(虽然，尽管)引导该从句，故选B项。 4. Some teens cannot be controlled by their parents, ________ the parents try hard to control them. A. even if B. as though C. now that D. in case 【答案】A 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：有些青少年不能被父母控制，即使父母努力控制也控制不住。A. even if即使；B. as though好像；C. now that既然；D. in case万一。此处是选择合适连词连接两个句子，空前：有些青少年不能被父母控制。空后：父母努力控制也控制不住。前后两句是让步关系，even if可引导让步状语从句。故选A项。 5. ________, he always makes time for his family. A. No matter he is busy B. No matter how busy he is C. However he is busy          D. However busy is he 【答案】B 【详解】“不管多忙，他总会给家人留点时间。”“不管多忙”No matter how busy或However busy且从句用陈述句，答案B。 考点五：地点和原因状语从句 例1. You are always looking for your keys. Remember to leave things ________ you can find them next time. A. what B. which C. where D. how 【答案】C 【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：你总是在找你的钥匙。记得下次把东西放在你能找到的地方。A. what什么；B. which哪一个；C. where在哪里；D. how怎样，如何。分析句子可知，句子为地点状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，在句中作地点状语，故应用“where”引导从句。故选C项。 例2. He has read a lot of books on arts ________ he wants to be an artist in the future. A. because B. though C. once D. unless 【答案】A 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：因为他想在未来成为一名艺术家，所以他已经读了很多关于艺术的书籍。A. because因为；B. though尽管；C. once一旦；D. unless除非。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导状语从句，结合句意可知，空前与空后句子之间为因果关系，所以使用表原因的连词。故选A项。 1. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark ________ you have any questions. A. which B. that C. though D. where 【答案】D 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：读这本书时，你最好在有问题的地方做个记号。分析句子结构及句意可知，此句为地点状语从句，应填where。故选D。 2. He came back late ________ there was something wrong with his car. A. because B. unless C. though D. otherwise 【答案】A 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：他回来晚了，因为他的车出了毛病。A. because因为；B. unless除非；C. though尽管；D. otherwise否则。结合语意，他回来晚是因为车出问题了，所以空处应用连词because，表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句。故选A项。 3. They didn't go camping ________ it rained heavily. A. because B. and C. so D. or 【答案】A 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：他们没有去露营，因为雨下得很大。A. because因为；B. and并且；C. so所以；D. or或者。表示主句动作发生原因，引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故选A。 4. ________ it is so hot, I guess we can’t do anything until after dark. A. In case B. Now that C. Even if D. As though 【答案】B 【详解】考查状语从句连词。句意：既然这么热，我想天黑之前我们什么也做不了。A. In case 以防；B. Now that 既然；C. Even if 即使；D. As though 好像。此处表示“因为天气热，所以天黑前什么也做不了”，now that引导原因状语从句，故选B。 考点六：目的,结果状语从句 例1. He spoke so quickly ________ his students couldn’t follow him. 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：他说得如此快以致于我不能跟上他。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是固定句型so...that...“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。故填that。 例2. Students should attend Labour Courses ________ they can learn some life skills. A. if B. unless C. so that D. in order to 【答案】C 【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：学生应该参加劳动课程，以便他们能学到一些生活技能。A. if如果；B. unless除非；C. so that以便；D. in order to为了。空格处引导目的状语从句，表示“学生应该参加劳动课程”的目的是“他们能学到一些生活技能”，故用so that，in order to不能引导从句。故选C。 1. All the restaurants are listed on the paper ________ you can choose one to have lunch easily. A. although B. because C. so that D. if 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：所有的餐馆都列在纸上，这样你就可以很容易地选择一个吃午饭。A. although虽然；B. because因为；C. so that以便于；D. if如果。由“All the restaurants are listed on the paper”和“you can choose one to have lunch easily”可知，句子表示“所有的餐馆都列在纸上，这样你就可以很容易地选择一个吃午饭”，空格处意为“以便于”，用so that引导目的状语从句，故选C。 2. We will sit in the front of the hall ________ we can hear the speaker clearly. A. so as to B. in order to C. in order that D. such that 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：我们将坐在大厅的前面，以便能清楚地听到演讲者的讲话。A. so as to为了，后接动词原形；B. in order to为了，后接动词原形；C. in order that为了，后接从句；D. such that错误搭配。由空后“we can hear the speaker clearly.”可知，此处是完整的句子，所以空处需用in order that引导目的状语从句。故选C。 3. Jim put a table and chair in the spare room ________ his son could have a private place to study. A. even if B. only if C. for fear that D. in order that 【答案】D 【详解】考查目的状语从句的从属连词。句意：吉姆在空房间里放了一张桌子和一把椅子，以便他的儿子有一个私人的地方学习A. even if即使，虽然，尽管；B. only if只要……就，只有；C. for fear that以免，以防万一，只怕；D. in order that以便，为了。根据his son could have a private place to study可知是表示目的，因此要用引导目的状语的连词in order that。故选D项。 4. The problem is ________ difficult that ________ students can work it out. A. so; a few B. so; little C. so; few D. so; a little 【答案】C 【详解】考查so...that句型以及few、a few、little、a little的区别。句意：这道题太难了，很少有学生能做出来。分析句中，句中so...that...为固定句式，意为“如此……以至于……”；同时此处表示“问题很难”，因此“很少的学生做出来”，a few表示“一些”，few表示“很少”，二者和可数名词复数连用；a little表示“一点”，little表示“很少，几乎没有”，与不可数名词连用，此处表示“很少有学生、几乎没有学生”用few。故选C。 一、单项选择 1. The park rules state that no child shall be allowed to play on the slide, ________ accompanied by an adult. A. if B. when C. unless D. since 【答案】C 【详解】考查状语从句和连词。句意：公园规则规定，除非有大人陪同，否则不允许孩子玩滑梯。A. if如果；B. when在……时候；C. unless除非；D. since自……以来。结合句意，分析句子可知，“ accompanied by an adult.”是省略后的条件状语从句，是“no child shall be allowed to play on the slide”的条件，用连词unless引导该从句，其意为“除非；如果不”。故选C项。 2. ________ the man isn’t very rich, he gives a large amount of money to the students every year. A. Though B. Since C. Unless D. If 【答案】A 【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：虽然这个人不是很富有，但他每年都给学生一大笔钱。A. Though虽然，尽管；B. Since因为，自从；C. Unless除非；D. If如果。根据空前后句意可知，此处需用连接词though引导让步状语从句。故选A。 3. After cleaning up the classroom, I felt tired ________ happy. A. nor B. but C. or D. so 【答案】B 【详解】考查连词。句意：打扫完教室后，我感到很累但很高兴。A. nor也不；B. but但是；C. or或者；D. so所以。根据句意可知，“tired”和“happy”之间为转折关系，很累但很高兴，故空格处应用“but”，意为“但是”，表转折。故选B项。 4. Mr. Black walked around and offered help________ we were doing an experiment. A. while B. although C. until D. unless 【答案】A 【详解】考查从属连词。句意：当我们做实验时，布莱克先生四处走动并提供帮助。A. while当……时；B. although虽然；C. until直到；D. unless如果不，除非。根据主句“Mr. Black walked around and offered help(布莱克先生四处走动并提供帮助)”和从句“we were doing an experiment(我们正在做实验)”可知，此处使用连词while“当……时”引导时间状语从句。故选A。 5. My mother is always warning me when I go out, “Don’t get off the bus ________ it is stopping.” A. until B. before C. while D. after 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词。句意：当我出门时，我妈妈总是警告我：“公共汽车停车时不要下车。”A. until直到；B. before在……之前；C. while在……期间；D. after在……之后。由语境分析可知，此处表达的意思为“在公共汽车将要停止的过程中不能下车”，能表达此意的连词只有while，表示“在……过程中”。故选C。 6. I believe you will have a wonderful time here ________ you get to know everyone else. A. though B. as if C. once D. so that 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词。句意：我相信一旦你了解这里的每个人，你将玩得很愉快。though虽然；as if好像；once一旦；so that为了。前后是条件关系，故选C。 7. ________, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. A. However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is C. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing 【答案】C 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：不管这个故事多么有趣，本周我必须把它放在一边，把注意力集中在学习上。however＝no matter how，引导让步状语从句，后接“adj./adv.＋主＋谓”结构。故选C。 8. How can they learn so much ________ they spend such a lot of time hanging about? A. although B. when C. before D. until 【答案】B 【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：既然他们花这么多时间闲逛，怎么能学这么多东西? A.  although尽管；B. when当……时候，既然；C. before 在……之前；D. until直到……为止。根据句意，此处when的意思是“既然”，是when引导的原因状语从句。故选B。 9. Pop music is such an important part of society ________ it has even influenced our language. A. what B. that C. which D. though 【答案】B 【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：流行音乐是我们社会的那么重要的一部分以至于已经影响了我们的语言。这说明流行音乐带来的结果，本句是结果状语从句。结果状语从句的连词有：so that，so…that，such…that，结果状语放在主句之后。故选B。 10. ________ with heavy loads of teaching ________ he later became an easy target of the flu. A. So tired was the teacher；that B. The teacher was so tired；which C. Tired as the teacher；that D. Such was the tired teacher；which 【答案】A 【详解】考查so…that句型与倒装。句意：教学任务不堪重负，这位老师很快就成了流感的目标。在so…that句型中，当so+形容词位于句首时，要进行部分倒装，故A项正确。 二、单句语法填空 1. We post-2000s generations are not a lost generation, ________ a generation that can contribute to the future of our country. 【答案】but 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我们00后不是垮掉的一代，而是能为国家未来做出贡献的一代。根据句意，not...but...意为“不是……而是……”，符合句意，故填but。 2. Kids can test their skills ________ compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. 【答案】and 【详解】考查连词。句意：孩子们可以测试他们的技能并且将他们的能力与黄石公园的动物进行比较。“test their skills”和“compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone”是两个并列的动作，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 3. He had been allowed to wear the cap for a short period, ________(provide) his hands were clean when he put it on. 【答案】provided/providing 【详解】考查连词。句意：只要他戴帽子时手是干净的，他就被允许戴这顶帽子一段时间。provided和providing都可以作从属连词，表示“只要；如果”，引导条件状语从句。故填provided/providing。 4. ________ met with skepticism at first, his findings gradually gained acceptance. 【答案】Though/Although/While 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：尽管起初遭到了质疑，但他的研究成果最终还是得到了人们的认可。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”用though、although或while，首字母大写。故填Though/Although/While。 5. You can’t got a job ________ you’ve got experience. 【答案】unless 【详解】考查连词。句意：除非你有经验，否则你找不到工作。设空处需要填写连词来连接两个句子，表达一种条件关系。根据句意，此处表示“除非你有经验，否则你找不到工作”。unless意为“否则”，引导条件状语从句，符合题意。故填unless。 6. It’s been years ________ they were dusty little rooms with books. 【答案】since 【详解】考查连词。句意：那些满是灰尘的小房间已经好几年没放书了。“It’s been + 时间段 + since 从句” 为固定句型，表示“自从……以来已经过了……时间”，since时间状语从句中需用一般过去时。符合语境和从句用过去时的语法规则，故填since。 7. I dreamed of entering cycle races ________ I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. 【答案】until 【详解】考查连词。句意：我一直梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞去圣地亚哥看望我姐姐/妹妹。空处应填连词，连接上下文句子，结合句意可知，此处指梦想参加自行车比赛的状态一直持续到“我”去圣地亚哥看望姐姐/妹妹，因此用until“直到”引导时间状语从句。故填until。 8. ________ I was walking in the park, I met an old friend. 【答案】While/When 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：当我在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。由I was walking in the park, I met an old friend可知，从句表示“当我在公园散步时”，空格处意为“当……的时候”，用while/when引导时间状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填While/When。 9. ________ talented you’ve been in music, it’s still not easy to organize a band, but here’s a quick guide to get you started. 【答案】However 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你在音乐方面多有天赋，组织一个乐队仍然不是一件容易的事，但这里有一个快速指南可以帮助你入门。空处引导让步状语从句，表示“无论多么”，需用连接词however引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填However。 10. ________ the lions were awakened, they performed a lively flying dance. 【答案】After/When/As/Once 【详解】考查连接词。句意：狮子被唤醒后/狮子被唤醒时/一旦狮子被唤醒了，它们表演了/就表演一个活泼的飞舞。分析句子和句意可知，空处引导时间状语从句，可表示“狮子被唤醒后”或“狮子被唤醒时”或“一旦狮子被唤醒了”，故可用连接词after或when或as或once；且句首时首字母应大写。故填After/When/As/Once。 一、阅读理解 A Dear Editor, After I attended your summer camp about health and lifestyle choices, I realised I hardly ever felt well, either physically or mentally. I often felt sleepy and dizzy, and lacked passion. Most worrying, though, I got the flu easily and experienced many toothaches, too. At the end of the camp I heard, “Change the world by changing yourself.” This stimulated my motivation. A dentist once examined me and told me that too much sugar in my meals had damaged my teeth and health. I made up my mind to change two things in my life: to eat nothing with sugar and to exercise regularly. After that I stopped buying all the sweets, biscuits, and sugary drinks that I used to have every day. Whenever I went out with friends, I brought snacks from home, things that didn’t have any added sugar: fruit, nuts, dried meat, etc. My exercise was very simple: I went outside every day for at least 30 minutes and did something active. Sometimes I played table tennis or badminton with my cousins. Other times I jumped on my skateboard and rode around my neighbourhood, or just took a long walk. The results have been fantastic. I feel more dynamic and stronger than ever, in both body and mind. I sleep soundly at night now. I no longer suffer from a flu virus or toothaches either. Best of all, in my opinion, is how I feel about myself. I feel like I’m in control of my own life. To make choices about myself is within my own power. I CAN change myself. I just need to try. Yours truly, Wang Lu Dear Editor, As I took part in the summer camp about personal life choices, I started to analyse my choices, especially what I did to relax and how it was affecting my whole life. After starting high school, I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games. I got so absorbed that I played the games day and night. Playing was fun, but I felt even more worn out afterwards! So after the camp, I realised that it was very, very important to adjust my lifestyle. I decided to take control of my life and find other ways to relax. It was a big struggle not to join my friends in playing online games as I’m mad for them. However, I realised that to succeed in quitting, I had to replace it with something else. So I thought about what to try. Rock climbing, bowling, watching comedies, and playing basketball were the things I thought of doing instead. Now my dad and I go rock climbing together monthly! It has enhanced the quality of my life, improving my health and increasing my happiness. I get refreshed through climbing, spend more time with my dad, and get to meet new friends. After six months of trying out new ways of relaxing, I feel much more energetic. I feel that I can change myself for the better. And if that’s true for me, then it might truly be possible to change the world for the better. As Gandhi said, “Be the change you want to see in the world.” Sincerely, George Fielding 1. What did Wang Lu most worry about? A. Her not feeling well physically. B. Her feeling dizzy and sleepy. C. Her lacking passion. D. Her getting the flu and toothaches easily. 2. Why did Wang Lu determine to change lifestyle choices? A. The camp about health and lifestyle choices ended. B. She was encouraged by what she heard at the summer camp. C. She intended to change the world by changing herself. D. Her dentist gave her a lot of motivation. 3. What made George Fielding become involved in his bad habit? A. Attending the summer camp. B. Being worn out. C. Being under great pressure at school. D. Having nothing to do but relax. 4. What do the two students Wang Lu and George Fielding have in common? A. They have got rid of bad habits and become energetic now. B. They used to like eating too much sugar. C. They used to be addicted to playing computer games. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 【语篇解读】本文是两篇书信体应用文。主要介绍王璐和乔治·菲尔丁参加相关夏令营后，意识到自身生活习惯问题，通过改变不良习惯变得更健康有活力的经历。 1. 细节理解题。根据王璐信件第一段中的“Most worrying, though, I got the flu easily and experienced many toothaches, too.(不过，最令人担心的是，我很容易得流感，还经常牙疼。)”可知，王璐最担心的是自己容易得流感和牙疼。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据王璐信件第二段中的“At the end of the camp I heard, “Change the world by changing yourself.” This stimulated my motivation.(夏令营结束时，我听到一句话：“通过改变自己来改变世界。”这激发了我的动力。)”可知，王璐是受到夏令营期间听到的这句话的鼓励，才决心改变生活习惯。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。根据乔治·菲尔丁信件第二段中的“After starting high school, I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games.(上高中后，我感到压力很大，总是通过玩电脑游戏来放松自己。)”可知，乔治养成玩电脑游戏这一坏习惯的原因是高中学习压力大。故选C项。 4. 细节理解题。根据王璐信件最后一段中的“The results have been fantastic. I feel more dynamic and stronger than ever, in both body and mind.(结果非常棒。我感觉自己在身心两方面都比以往任何时候都更有活力、更强大。)”和乔治·菲尔丁信件最后一段中的“After six months of trying out new ways of relaxing, I feel much more energetic.(经过六个月尝试新的放松方式，我感觉精力充沛多了。)”可知，两人都摆脱了不良习惯，现在变得精力充沛，这是他们的共同点。故选A项。 B In 2021, my 68-year-old mother was diagnosed(诊断) with Alzheimer’s(阿尔茨海默病). By January 2023, she’d lost her ability to complete everyday tasks. She was set on staying in her home and resisted the in-home care. I guessed it was because of what it represented: the acceptance of a disease that would slowly rob her of her memories and the ability to take care of herself. We had to make the hard choice of finding her a nursing home for her safety and well-being. But we knew she wouldn’t be interested. So, we made up an excuse, telling her that it was an opportunity to spend the winter near my brother in sunny Florida while living at an apartment we had arranged for her. My mum wasn’t the soft, affectionate mother I often longed for. She had never shown or talked about her feelings, but she was a great example of a hard-working, independent, entrepreneurial woman. My brother and I both have our own businesses, which is something she showed us was possible. Since her diagnosis, watching her battle with accepting what was happening to her was heartbreaking, but I also felt closer to her when she began to express and share her feelings with me like a kid. My brother arrived to meet us and we were shown to her apartment. A small kitchen, a living room, a bathroom, and two bedrooms — one for her, and one for me and my brother to stay in when we visited. She seemed happy during moving in. For the next 10 days, I lived with her there. We went to meals together, reviewed the activity schedule, and I dropped her off and picked her up like a child at school. The day came when I had to fly home, and I cried. As I shifted from being her daughter to being more like her parent, I realized how hard being a mother can be. 5. Why might the author’s mother resist in-home care? A. She preferred living alone. B. She disliked the caregivers. C. She feared losing independence. D. She intended to move to Florida. 6. How did the author and her brother convince their mother to move to the nursing home? A. They told her a white lie. B. They threatened her to go. C. They offered her a free apartment. D. They agreed to keep her company. 7. What kind of person was the author’s mother before the diagnosis? A. Talkative and determined. B. Reserved but responsible. C. Energetic and gentle. D. Creative but cold. 8. How does the author feel after her role change? A. Confused. B. Content. C. Awkward. D. Appreciative. 【答案】5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者母亲患阿尔茨海默病后，作者和兄弟为其找养老院并陪伴的经历及感受。 5. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“She was set on staying in her home and resisted the in-home care. I guessed it was because of what it represented: the acceptance of a disease that would slowly rob her of her memories and the ability to take care of herself.(她执意要留在自己家中，拒绝居家护理服务。我猜想，这是因为居家护理对她而言意味着接受一种会慢慢剥夺她记忆和自理能力的疾病。)”可知，作者母亲拒绝居家护理是因为她害怕失去独立生活的能力。故选C。 6. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“So, we made up an excuse, telling her that it was an opportunity to spend the winter near my brother in sunny Florida while living at an apartment we had arranged for her.(所以，我们编了个借口，告诉她这是一个机会，可以在阳光明媚的佛罗里达州我哥哥附近过冬，同时住在我们为她安排的公寓里。)”可知，作者和她的兄弟对母亲说了一个善意的谎言，说服她搬到养老院。故选A。 7. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“My mum wasn’t the soft, affectionate mother I often longed for. She had never shown or talked about her feelings, but she was a great example of a hard-working, independent, entrepreneurial woman.(我妈妈不是我经常渴望的那种温柔、深情的母亲。她从未表现或谈论过自己的感受，但她是一个勤劳、独立、有创业精神的女性的典范。)”可推知，作者的母亲在确诊前是一个内敛但有责任心的人。故选B。8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As I shifted from being her daughter to being more like her parent, I realized how hard being a mother can be.(当我从她的女儿转变为更像她的父母时，我意识到做母亲有多难。)”可知，作者在角色转变后，感到母亲的艰辛，因此很感激母亲。故选D。 C As night falls in the rainforest, orangutans(猩猩) climb high into the treetops to build tree nests(巢). These carefully constructed beds provide warmth, comfort, and protection against natural enemies and mosquitoes. Scientists have long been curious about how young orangutans learn such a complex skill. Recent research shows that they learn it through observation and practice — a process known as observational social learning. Nest-building is essential for orangutan survival. It is neither purely inborn nor quickly mastered. Constructing a nest requires physical strength, clever hands, and decision-making regarding materials and structure. Night nests are especially well-designed, often featuring linings, pillows, and even roofs. This makes nest-building a challenging task. Young orangutans begin to show interest in nest-building at around six months old. They start practicing simple day nests at about one year of age, but night nest construction begins around age three and is not fully mastered until they are about eight years old. More advanced skills, such as building across multiple trees or adding comfort features, develop even later. A key finding is that young orangutans learn primarily by closely watching their mothers build nests. Those who paid close attention were more likely to attempt practice soon afterward. Simply being near the mother without active observation did not have the same effect. This highlights the role of focused attention in social learning. Additionally, young orangutans pay special attention to complex aspects of construction, such as multi-tree supports and comfort elements. After observing these challenging steps, they practice them more frequently. As they grow older, they also observe other members of the group, broadening their learning sources. Material selection is also socially learned. Young orangutans tend to use the same tree species as their mothers. As they grow older, they experiment with other materials, but adults often return to the tree species their mothers used. This study highlights that nest-building traditions are culturally passed down across generations. The loss of orangutan populations or their habitats could therefore mean the disappearance of unique cultural knowledge. This research not only shows the intelligence and cultural richness of orangutans, but also emphasizes the importance of their conservation. 9. Which word can best describe the process of young orangutans learning nest-building? A. Gradual. B. Painful. C. Inefficient. D. Independent. 10. How do young orangutans mainly learn to build nests? A. By trial and error. B. By observing their mothers. C. Through natural behavior. D. From other young orangutans. 11. What do young orangutans focus especially on when learning nest-building? A. Quick nest-building skills. B. Complex construction aspects. C. Simple day nest structures. D. Rare tree species for materials. 12. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Habits of orangutans. B. The necessity of learning. C. Ways to protect orangutans. D. The significance of the study. 【答案】9. A 10. B 11. B 12. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科学家对红毛猩猩幼崽学习筑巢技能的研究，发现它们通过观察(尤其是观察母亲)和练习逐步掌握这一复杂技能，且筑巢传统具有文化传承属性，同时强调该研究对红毛猩猩保护的意义。 9. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Young orangutans begin to show interest in nest-building at around six months old. They start practicing simple day nests at about one year of age, but night nest construction begins around age three and is not fully mastered until they are about eight years old. (红毛猩猩幼崽约6个月大时开始对筑巢产生兴趣，1岁左右开始练习简单的日间巢，3岁左右才开始筑夜间巢，直到8岁左右才能完全掌握。)”可知，幼崽学习筑巢从产生兴趣到完全掌握耗时多年，过程具有“渐进性”。故选A项。 10. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A key finding is that young orangutans learn primarily by closely watching their mothers build nests.( 一项关键发现是，红毛猩猩幼崽主要通过密切观察母亲筑巢来学习。)”可知，幼崽学习筑巢的主要方式是观察母亲。故选B项。 11. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Additionally, young orangutans pay special attention to complex aspects of construction, such as multi-tree supports and comfort elements. (此外，红毛猩猩幼崽会特别关注筑巢中的复杂环节，例如跨树支撑和提升舒适度的构造。)”可知，幼崽学习筑巢时尤其关注复杂的建造环节。故选B项。 12. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“This study highlights that nest-building traditions are culturally passed down across generations. The loss of orangutan populations or their habitats could therefore mean the disappearance of unique cultural knowledge. This research not only shows the intelligence and cultural richness of orangutans, but also emphasizes the importance of their conservation. (这项研究强调，红毛猩猩的筑巢传统是通过文化代代相传的。因此，红毛猩猩种群数量减少或栖息地丧失，都可能意味着这种独特文化知识的消失。这项研究不仅揭示了红毛猩猩的智力水平与丰富的文化内涵，还着重强调了保护它们的重要性。)”可知，该段核心是阐述研究的意义——既揭示红毛猩猩的文化传承属性，也凸显其保护的重要性。故选D项。 D If someone asked whether you like the arts, you’d probably say you do at least in theory. According to a survey, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults say the arts “lift me up beyond everyday experiences”. However, only 30 percent attended a concert of any type in 2017; 23 percent went to an art museum. Fewer than half actively created art of any kind. The mismatch can boil down to the fact that we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities, leaving our schedule packed. Maybe you like to play a little background music while you work or do the chores, but even before the pandemic, most of us rarely, if ever, saw a live performance, let alone visited a gallery or watched a play. Too often, we let the dull reality of life get in the way of the arts. But this is a mistake. The arts are the opposite of an escape from reality; they might just be the most realistic glimpse we ever get into the nature and meaning of life. If you make time for consuming and producing the arts the same way you make time for work and exercise and family commitments, I assure you that you’ll find your life getting fuller and happier. Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or maybe your dizziness struck as you came out from a narrow side street in an unfamiliar city. There you found yourself in a beautiful town square as if in a fantasy. They probably stimulated(刺激) a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air. If you are among the people who feel that the arts are pure pleasures to experience and participate in, you might see them as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is to treat the arts less like a distracting pleasure, and more like exercise or sleep, a necessity. Then draw up a schedule of your art exposure journey, and gradually weave the arts into your everyday life. 13. What prevents people from enjoying the arts? A. Lack of interest. B. Avoidance of duty. C. Shortage of time. D. Art space inaccessibility. 14. What can we learn about the role of the arts according to paragraph 3? A. They explore mysteries of life. B. They spark emotional responses. C. They enhance physical well-being. D. They offer a getaway from daily life. 15. According to the passage, which of the following statements about “the arts” is true? A. Most people consider the arts as a form of escape from reality. B. The arts can directly provide practical solutions to daily life problems. C. The author suggests that the arts should be treated as a necessity of life. D. The main barrier to participating in the arts is the lack of accessible places. 16. What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph? A. Forms of distracting pleasures. B. Benefits of engaging with the arts. C. Barriers to combine the arts and life. D. Ways to integrate the arts into daily routine. 【答案】13. C 14. B 15. C 16. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了多数人认同艺术的价值却很少参与，指出日常事务繁忙是主要阻碍，强调艺术是生活必需品，建议将其融入日常生活。 13. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The mismatch can boil down to the fact that we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities, leaving our schedule packed.(这种脱节可以归结为一个事实：我们被日常责任压得喘不过气，日程安排得满满当当)”可知，人们被日常责任占据，日程紧凑、缺乏时间，这阻碍了他们享受艺术。故选C项。 14. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“They probably stimulated a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air.(它们可能会激发一种突然的觉醒，就像在雾霾中呼吸后吸入一口纯净氧气的冲击)”可知，艺术可能会刺激一种突然的觉醒，给人带来震惊。由此推知，艺术会给人带来情绪方面的刺激。故选B项。 15. 细节理解题。根据尾段中的“If you are among the people who feel that the arts are pure pleasures to experience and participate in, you might see them as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is to treat the arts less like a distracting pleasure, and more like exercise or sleep, a necessity.(如果你认为艺术是纯粹的体验和参与的乐趣，你可能会把它们视为奢侈品，而更可取的态度是不要把艺术当作一种分散注意力的乐趣，而应更像锻炼或睡眠一样，视为一种必需品)”可知，作者建议将艺术当作生活必需品。故选C项。 16. 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Then draw up a schedule of your art exposure journey, and gradually weave the arts into your everyday life.(然后制定一个艺术接触之旅的时间表，逐渐将艺术融入你的日常生活)”可知，文章结尾建议制定计划、将艺术融入日常生活。由此推知，接下来很可能会具体介绍将艺术融入日常的方法。故选D项。 二、完形填空 My first guitar lesson ended in pain, confusion and defeat. But then I was completely 1 . At 10, I felt a deep connection to this mysterious instrument. Since then, guitars have been my life. Through aching fingers, guitars 2 my deep emotions. With practice, the pain 3 and I grew closer to the instrument. The calluses (老茧) on my fingertips became badges(勋章) of honor, filling me with pride. The feelings of playing became second nature, providing temporary excellence. I couldn’t remember how many times I had been 4 to another reality. Picking up a guitar always returns me to that innocent 10-year-old, leaving me calmer and 5 . The joy is 6 when I witness its impact on others. In my late teens, our band performed at hospitals and seniors’ homes. The smiles of the audience still remain with me. Guitars also 7 cultural divides. When I traveled, the 8 rhythms with fellow musicians awakened beautiful conversations. The guitar has 9 many defining moments in my life — performing for my wife, accompanying my children and comforting me in 10 . It centers and calms me. Many years ago, I thought I was picking up a guitar for the first and only time. 11 , it became my lifelong passion. I 12 it to my parents, whose encouragement and belief in my potential paved the way for a lifelong 13 . For anyone fortunate enough, there’s an “instrument” waiting to be found — something that 14 them to themselves and others. It might not be a guitar, it could be a paintbrush or a sport. What matters is the sense of 15 it brings. 1. A. confused B. absorbed C. exhausted D. occupied 2. A. looked around B. turned around C. ran into D. tapped into 3. A. faded B. emerged C. integrated D. increased 4. A. admitted B. pushed C. transported D. exposed 5. A. refreshed B. painful C. cautious D. lonely 6. A. upgraded B. enhanced C. released D. overcome 7. A. built B. melted C. bridged D. recounted 8. A. complex B. similar C. local D. shared 9. A. marked B. remembered C. valued D. predicted 10. A. business B. silence C. progress D. hardship 11. A. Eventually B. Therefore C. Moreover D. However 12. A. credit B. distribute C. deliver D. pass 13. A. sympathy B. tension C. enthusiasm D. tone 14. A. presents B. introduces C. links D. changes 15. A. achievement B. belonging C. identity D. community 【答案】 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. D 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. C 15. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了与吉他的不解之缘，从初学时的痛苦到后来的热爱，吉他成为他表达情感、获得慰藉的媒介。文章还讲述了吉他带给作者的喜悦以及它如何在生活中扮演重要角色，最后点明找到并投身于热爱的事物的重要性。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但后来我完全被吸引住了。A. confused困惑的；B. absorbed专注的，被吸引的；C. exhausted筋疲力尽的；D. occupied忙碌的。根据下文“At 10, I felt a deep connection to this mysterious instrument. Since then, guitars have been my life.”可知，在此之后吉他是作者的生命，因此作者后来被吉他深深吸引，开始热爱吉他。故选B项。 2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过疼痛的手指，吉他激发了我内心深处的情感。A. looked around环顾四周；B. turned around转身；C. ran into偶然遇到；D. tapped into利用，挖掘。根据下文“my deep emotions”可知，吉他能够挖掘出作者内心深处的情感，让作者通过弹奏来表达自己的情感。故选D项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着练习，疼痛逐渐消失，我与乐器的距离也越来越近。A. faded逐渐消失；B. emerged出现；C. integrated整合；D. increased增加。根据下文“I grew closer to the instrument”可知，作者与乐器的距离越来越近，说明随着练习，疼痛逐渐消失了。故选A项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不记得有多少次我被带到了另一个现实。A. admitted承认；B. pushed推；C. transported运送，使身临其境；D. exposed暴露。根据下文“to another reality”以及“Picking up a guitar always returns me to that innocent 10-year-old”可知，拿起吉他总是让作者回到那个天真的10岁，说明弹奏吉他让作者仿佛置身于另一个现实之中，transport sb. to another reality表示“使某人置身于另一个现实之中”。故选C项。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拿起吉他总是让我回到那个天真的10岁，让我更平静、更神清气爽。A. refreshed神清气爽的；B. painful痛苦的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. lonely孤独的。根据上文“leaving me calmer”可知，弹奏吉他让作者感到平静，同时也会让作者感到神清气爽。故选A项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看到它对别人的影响时，这种喜悦感更加强烈。A. upgraded升级；B. enhanced增强；C. released释放；D. overcome克服。根据下文“when I witness its impact on others”可知，当作者看到吉他对别人的影响时，作者感到更加喜悦，说明这种喜悦感得到了增强。故选B项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：吉他也弥合了文化差异。A. built建造；B. melted融化；C. bridged弥合，架起桥梁；D. recounted重新计算。根据下文“cultural divides”以及“awakened beautiful conversations”可知，吉他能够弥合文化差异，让不同文化背景的人通过音乐进行交流。故选C项。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我旅行时，与同行音乐家分享的节奏唤起了美妙的对话。A. complex复杂的；B. similar相似的；C. local当地的；D. shared共享的。根据下文“with fellow musicians”可知，作者与其他音乐家一起分享节奏，共同演奏音乐，这种共享的节奏能够唤起美妙的对话。故选D项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：吉他标志着我生命中的许多决定性时刻——为我的妻子表演，陪伴我的孩子，在困难时期安慰我。A. marked标志；B. remembered记得；C. valued重视；D. predicted预测。根据下文“many defining moments in my life”可知，吉他标志着作者生命中的许多决定性时刻，这些时刻对作者来说非常重要。故选A项。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：吉他标志着我生命中的许多决定性时刻——为我的妻子表演，陪伴我的孩子，在困难时期安慰我。A. business商业；B. silence沉默；C. progress进步；D. hardship困难。根据上文“comforting me”以及下文“It centers and calms me.”可知，吉他能够在作者困难时期安慰作者，让作者感到平静和安心。故选D项。 11. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，它成了我一生的热爱。A. Eventually最终；B. Therefore因此；C. Moreover而且；D. However然而。根据上文“Many years ago, I thought I was picking up a guitar for the first and only time.”以及下文“it became my lifelong passion”可知，多年前作者以为自己只会弹一次吉他，然而吉他却成了作者一生的热爱，上下文之间存在转折关系。故选D项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我要感谢我的父母，他们的鼓励和对我有潜力的信任为我一生的热情铺平了道路。A. credit归功于；B. distribute分配；C. deliver递送；D. pass通过。根据下文“it to my parents”以及“whose encouragement and belief in my potential paved the way for a lifelong ____13____ .”可知，作者将自己的热爱归功于父母，是父母的鼓励和信任让作者能够坚持自己的热爱。credit sth. to sb.表示“把某事归功于某人”。故选A项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我要感谢我的父母，他们的鼓励和对我有潜力的信任为我一生的热情铺平了道路。A. sympathy同情；B. tension紧张；C. enthusiasm热情；D. tone语气。根据上文“it became my lifelong passion”可知，吉他成了作者一生的热爱，这种热爱是一种热情，是父母的鼓励和信任为作者铺平了追求热情的道路。故选C项。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于任何足够幸运的人来说，都有一件“乐器”等着被发现——一件将他们与自己和他人联系起来的东西。A. presents呈现；B. introduces介绍；C. links联系；D. changes改变。根据下文“them to themselves and others”可知，这件“乐器”能够将人们与自己和他人联系起来，让人们更好地认识自己和他人。link sb. to sb.表示“将某人与某人联系起来”。故选C项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：重要的是它所带来的归属感。A. achievement成就；B. belonging归属感；C. identity身份；D. community社区。根据上文“there’s an “instrument” waiting to be found — something that ____14____ them to themselves and others.”可知，这件“乐器”能够将人们与自己和他人联系起来，让人们更好地认识自己和他人，从而带来归属感。故选B项。 三、语法填空 We found a parking space next to our hut, 1 was round and made from brick. The walls, 2 (paint) brilliant white, reflected the afternoon sun. There were five similar huts, all lined up 3 (face) Mount Kilimanjaro, the 4 (high) mountain in Africa. The mountain rose up over the plains before us. Tall grasses and trees 5 (dot) the plains, which were alive with the African wildlife we had come to see. Giraffes, with their long necks, were pulling leaves from the highest 6 (branch). 7 the distance, elephants were eating grass, ears flapping lazily as they moved slowly over the plains. I had never seen anything like this before. It was indeed the greatest show on the Earth. We got out of the car, carrying our suitcases and boxes of food into the hut. I placed ham sandwiches, sausages and a bunch of bananas on a small wooden table. I returned to the car and fetched more possessions. It was then that I noticed a small grey monkey sitting on a tree a few metres away and eating a banana. “So cute,” I thought to 8 (me), until I realized 9 was my banana that he was eating. He was looking at me intently as he enjoyed the final 10 (mouth). I was sure he was saying, “Thank you.” “You're welcome,” I replied. 【答案】 1. which 2. painted 3. facing 4. highest 5. dotted 6. branches 7. In 8. myself 9. it 10. mouthful 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章描写了木屋周围的环境以及在屋外与小猴子的邂逅。 1. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我们在小屋旁边找到了一个停车位，小屋是圆形的砖砌的。先行词为our hut，指物，从句中缺少主语，根据逗号可知这里是非限制性定语从句，故填which。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：墙体漆成耀眼的白色，反射着午后的阳光。The walls是主语，reflected 是谓语动词，空格处需要用非谓语动词，the walls 和paint之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填painted。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：有五间类似的小屋排在一起都面向非洲最高山乞力马扎罗山。这里是非谓语动词作状语，主语five similar huts和face之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填facing。 4. 考查形容词。句意：有五间类似的小屋排在一起都面向非洲最高山乞力马扎罗山。Mount Kilimanjaro和the highest mountain in Africa是同位语，乞力马扎罗山是非洲的最高山，所以用形容词的最高级。故填highest。 5. 考查动词时态。句意：高大的草地和树木点缀着平原，平原上充满了我们要来看的野生动物。dot是谓语动词，与主语tall grasses and trees之间是主动关系，所以要用主动语态，根据上下文的时态可知，这篇文章都是用的过去时，所以用一般过去时。故填dotted。 6. 考查名词。句意：长颈鹿们，长着长长的脖子，正在从最高的树枝上吃叶子。根据前面的giraffes可知不止一只长颈鹿，所以树枝也一定是复数，故填branches。 7. 考查介词。句意：远处，大象正在吃草，耳朵懒洋洋地拍打着，慢慢地在平原上移动。in the distance 是固定短语，意思是“在远处”，位于句首，要大写，故填In。 8. 考查代词。句意：“太可爱了，”我心想，直到我意识到他吃的是我的香蕉。think to oneself是固定短语，意思是“心想”，故填myself。 9. 考查强调句。句意：“太可爱了，”我心想，直到我意识到他吃的是我的香蕉。这是一个强调句，强调的是句子的宾语。强调句的句型为it is/was+被强调部分+that +句子的其余部分，故填it。 10. 考查名词。句意：他一边津津有味地吃着最后一口，一边专注地看着我。名词作宾语，再根据句意可知这里表示“一口”，故填mouthful。 四、应用文写作 假定你是国际学校学生李华，你校最近发起了以“珍惜水资源，节约用水”为主题的倡议活动。请你代表学生会写一封倡议书，内容包括： (1)珍惜水资源的重要性; (2)如何从身边小事做起。 注意：(1)词数80左右; (2)适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Students’ Union 【答案】 Dear fellow students, As the concept of environment protection draws increasing concern, water conservation, which is vital for the survival of humans as well as other specie, has engaged growing public attention. Hence, on behalf of the Students’ Union, I call on you to save water in our daily life. To start with, switch off the tap when it is not in use. Besides, minimize daily water consumption by reusing water like flushing the toilet with fish-tank water. Additionally water-saving devices should be adopted by more families. I strongly believe a better world owes to the commitment and dedication of everyone. Students’ Union 【语篇解读】本片书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封倡议书，倡导大家珍惜水资源、节约用水。 【详解】 1.词汇积累 关键的：vital → crucial 因此：hence → therefore 首先：to start with → to begin with 关掉：switch off → turn off 2.句式拓展简单句变复合句 原句：Hence, on behalf of the Students’ Union, I call on you to save water in our daily life. 拓展句：Hence, on behalf of the Students’ Union, I call on you that you should save water in our daily life. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】As the concept of environment protection draws increasing concern, water conservation, which is vital for the survival of humans as well as other specie has engaged growing public attention. (运用了非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】To start with, switch off the tap when it is not in use.(运用了祈使句和时间状语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $