专题01 名词（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，江苏专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题01 名词 ( 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 名词的功能 名词可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语 1. 作主语 This book is very useful. 这本书很有用。 2. 作表语 My brother is a worker. 我弟弟是个工人。 She is a writer. 她是个作家。 3. 作宾语或宾补 He finished his task on time. 他按时完成了他的任务。 4. 作定语 英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。 序号 用法 例词 1 表示地点、时间、材料、用途、类别、性别等的名词常用来作定语 cotton goods (棉织品) history teacher (历史老师) paper factory (纸厂) telephone number (电话号码) London Airport (伦敦机场) Moscow Stadium (莫斯科体育场) summer holiday (暑假) a coffee cup (咖啡杯) a book case (书箱) science fiction (科幻小说) a weather report (天气预报) a peace conference (和平会议) a research project (研究项目) 2 名词作定语时一般用单数形式，但个别情况下仍需用复数 sales plan (销售计划) customs officer (海关人员) clothes line (晾衣绳) an Arts degree (文科学位) careers guidance (就业指导) savings bank (储蓄银行) a greetings telegram (问候电报) animal rights group (动物权益组织) 3 含有合成名词作定语时名词用单数形式 a five-pound note (5英镑的钞票) a six-minute walk (6分钟的路程) a three-foot-high table (3英尺高的桌子) a three-footed table (3条腿的桌子) 4 (wo)man作定语修饰名词复数时应变为(wo)men 而boy/girl用作定语时，总是用单数 a man doctor (一个男医生) two men doctors (两个男医生) a woman's dress (一件女式衣服) three women's dresses (三件女式衣服) a boy baby(一个男婴) two boy babies (两个男婴) 5 名词作定语与形容词作定语的区别 a gold chain (金表链) the golden sunshine (金色的阳光) heart trouble (心脏病) a hearty welcome (热诚的欢迎) economy measures (节约措施) economic measures (经济措施) 5. 作状语 名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。 The war lasted eight years.战争持续八年， 6.作同位语 Mr. Smith, our leader, is speaking now. 史密斯先生，我们的领导，正在讲话。 考点二 名词的数 1. 规则名词的复数形式：1 序号 规则 例词 1 一般情况在词尾加-s bird—birds, sea—seas, lake—lakes 2 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的在词尾加-es church—churches, box—boxes, dish—dishes 3 以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f或-fe为v再加-es leaf—leaves, thief—thieves, loaf—loaves, self—selves, shelf—shelves, wife—wives 加-s belief—beliefs, chief—chiefs, proof—proofs, roof—roofs, gulf—gulfs, grief—griefs, cliff—cliffs, safe—safes 4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es fly—flies, family—families, university—universities 5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s toy—toys, monkey—monkeys, ray—rays 6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es hero—heroes, echo—echoes, potato—potatoes, tomato—tomatoes 一些外来词加-s piano—pianos, photo—photos, auto—autos, kilo—kilos, solo—solos 两者皆可 zero—zeros/zeroes, volcano—volcanos/volcanoes 7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio—radios, bamboo—bamboos, zoo—zoos, studio—studios 8 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth—truths, mouth—mouths, month—months, path—paths 2.不规则名词的复数形式： 序号 规则 例词 1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man—men, woman—women, foot—feet, tooth—teeth, goose—geese, mouse—mice, ox—oxen, crisis—crises, medium—media, analysis—analyses, phenomenon—phenomena, criterion—criteria, child—children 2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species, li(里) 3 只有复数形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents, shoes, gloves, chopsticks, jeans, sleeves, slippers 4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff 5 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员) audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 6 复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟), airs(摆架子), works(著作), damages(赔偿金), balances(天平), interests(利益) 7 表示“某国人” 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Europeans, Romans 单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese 以-man结尾的改为-men；以-woman结尾的改为-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen 8 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, go-betweens 将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants 考点三 名词所有格 名词的所有格表示所有关系，它有两种形式：一是由名词词尾加's构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. 's所有格的构成：3 规则 例词 单数名词在末尾加's the boy's teacher, Henry's cat, her son-in-law's photo 复数名词 一般在末尾加' the teachers' reading-room, the twins' mother 不规则复数名词后加's the children's toys, women's rights, men's clothes 以s结尾的人名所有格加's或者' Dickens' novels, Engels' works, the Smiths' house 表示各自的所有关系时，各名词末尾均须加's Japan's and America's problems, Mary's and Tom's rooms 表示共有的所有关系时在最后一名词末尾加's Japan and America's problems, Jane and Mary's room 表示“某人的家/店铺”，所有格后的名词省略 the doctor's, the barber's, the tailor's, my uncle's 2.'s所有格的用法： 4 序号 用法 例词 1 表示时间 a week's time, five weeks' holiday 2 表示距离 ten miles' distance 3 表示自然现象 the Earth's gravity, the tree's branches 4 表示国家、城市等地方的名词 the world's population, China's future 5 表示工作群体 the committee's decision, the team's victory 6 表示度量衡及价值 a mile's journey, five dollars' worth of apples 7 表示拟人 a wolf in sheep's clothing 8 某些固定词组 at arm's length, a bird's eye view, a stone's throw, at one's wit's end (黔驴技穷), for friendship's sake 3. of所有格的用法： 用于无生命的东西：the name of the song, the roof of the church 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 练 考点一：名词作定语 例1. On the ________(graduate) ceremony, I represented all the graduates to give a speech.   例2. The company upgraded its network ________(secure) system to prevent unauthorized access to customer data. 例3. In Beijing, one ________(register) office had about 300 couples seeking to get married the day after the changes were announced. 1. His ________(present) skills are very good. 2. We don’t have that problem anymore, because we have ________(navigate) systems like GPS. 3. Visitors entered the ________(exhibit) hall in a steady stream. 4. The personal details of every soldier are clearly stated on the ________(register) form. 5. I am filling in an ________(apply) form for a new job. 考点二：名词的数 例1. Every week we take part in ________(vary) of activities in our school. 例2. Many ________(comment) were made about the new policy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 例3. There are five ________ on the table. A. tomatoes B. potatos C. tomatos D. potato 1. John is a man of ________ and he had a lot of interesting ________ in his life. A. experience; experience B. experiences; experience C. experience; experiences D. experiences; experiences 2.—Did you see the new TV show “House of the Dragon”? It’s said to be ________ great fun. —No, I’ve been busy repairing all the office ______ these days. A. /; equipment B. /; equipments C. a; equipment D. a; equipments 3. The new school still needs to purchase ________ to be fully ________. A. many equipments; equipped B. many pieces of equipments; equipping C. much equipment; equipping D. many pieces of equipment; equipped 4. I have two ________ and three bottles of ________ here. A. orange; orange B. oranges; oranges C. oranges; orange D. orange; oranges 5. These ________(strategy) will help you catch up with your classmates in a shorter time. 6. After persuasion, she finally let go of her ________(resist) and accepted the team’s constructive suggestions to revise the plan. 考点三：名词的所有格 例1. Labubu’s rise integrates ________(China) strong manufacturing base with creative innovation, tapping into the emotional needs of global consumers. 例2. Though some doubted the ________(experiment) safety, Franklin's work advanced the study of electricity. His contributions remain influential in science. 例3. In that sense, they are closer to ________(mammal) brains than other reptiles’ brains. 1. It’s about ________ from here to our English teacher’s home. A. twenty-minutes walk B. twenty minute’s walk C. twenty-minute’s walk D. twenty minutes’ walk 2. Today is September 10th. It’s ________ Day. Let’s say “Thank you” to our teachers. A. Teacher’s B. the Teachers’ C. Teachers D. Teachers’ 3. I have a toothache, and have to go to the ________(dentist) every other day. 4. On the whole, the results of this experiment is similar with the ________(former). 5. Jiaozi could be stuffed with different kinds of meat and vegetables according to ________(people) favourite tastes. 一、单项选择 1. The magician’s incredible trick left the audience in a state of ________, as they were ________ by his ________ skill and acts he performed right before their eyes. A. astonishment; astonished; astonishing B. astonishment; astonishing; astonished C. astonishing; astonished; astonishment D. astonished; astonishing; astonishment 2. — May I take your order, Mr. Wang? — I’d like ________ and a cake, please. A. two cups of coffees B. two cup of coffee C. a cup of coffees D. a cup of coffee 3. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. ________ A. adj.运动神经的 B. adj.机动车的 C. n.发动机；电动机 4. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. ________ A. v. 前进 B. v. 促进 C. n. 发展 5. The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture(动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image. ________ A. n. 图表 B. n. 图形 C. adj. 绘画的 6. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people. ________ A. n. 事情, 问题 B. n. 油煎的食物 C. v. 油煎 7. Highlights include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou’s rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples. ________ A. n.最精彩的部分 B. n.挑染的头发 C. v.突出，强调 8. They put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil while they made the French toast. ________ A. v.为……干杯 B. v.烤(尤指面包) C. n.烤面包片；吐司 9. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. ________ A. n. 洗涤槽，水槽 B. v. 沉没；下沉 C. v. 下降 10. A trial project by the Montreal Children’s Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis(催眠) can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. ________ A. n.审判 B. n.试验 C. v.试用 二、单句语法填空 11. The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, ________(succeed) and failure. 12. What is your ________(prefer) for the weekend, playing basketball or going swimming? 13. After persuasion, she finally let go of her ________(resist) and accepted the team’s constructive suggestions to revise the plan. 14. Modern education often combines learning with ________(entertain) to make lessons more engaging. 15. These health ________(advocate) encourage people to exercise regularly and eat a balanced diet. 16. In ________(add), the exhibition provides a chance for members to enjoy some artworks in our museum. 17. Our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and ________(satisfy). 18. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant ________(remove), winter planting, and seed collection. 19. Whatever the outcome, it would greatly enhance the ________(likely) that he would never again win a presidential election. 20. The enthusiastic fans held their ________(breathe) and waited patiently for the music genius to appear on the stage. 一、阅读理解 A (2025年四川省高等职业教育单独考试招生文化素质考试(普高类)英语试题) Join us on our visit to Tijuana, Mexico. A city full of history, culture and exciting shopping. Explore Avenida Revolucion for great bargains on leather goods, clothing, jewelry and find Mexican handicrafts. PASSPORT REQUIRED. Mon & Wed departures from StarLine Anaheim at 8:45 am Please check with us for return time 1. Tijuana is more attractive to people who are interested in _______. A. hiking B. photographing C. shopping 2. What is required to visit Tijuana? A. Jewelry. B. A passport. C. Handicrafts. 3. What can be learned from the picture? A. The visit is arranged twice a week. B. The return time is 8:45 pm every Monday. C. The leather goods in Tijuana are the cheapest. B (2026届广东省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语模拟卷(一))Meng Xiang was crazy about films and music during his childhood. When he started college, he dreamed to make films that could combine his love for storytelling and interest in music. His biggest challenge came when he planned to make a film about a tennis player. Since no one would offer him money for a 2-hour film, Meng and his college friends tried to make a shorter one. They bought a second-hand camera and used old things instead of expensive equipment. They even made a shelf on their own to support the camera. Meng and his friends worked hard, rain or shine. When filming the tennis player, they ran after him in the summer sun. If it rained and they couldn’t film outside, they hung bed sheets(床单) on the walls in an empty room to set up a simple studio(摄影棚). This 12-minute film got much attention. The teachers and students in their college liked the music they created for it. After that, Meng had another idea: to make a musical film. But musicals weren’t popular in college, and many said it wouldn’t work. Instead of listening to the doubts, Meng and his team spent weeks writing new songs and making a test video. To film the moving scenes, they fixed a smartphone on a skateboard and pushed it. The actors’ hair was blowing in the wind while they were dancing and singing. The loud voice and laughter of the team filled the air. Their musical film was well received and won several awards at a film festival. As Meng said, “Making films isn’t about having the best equipment or famous actors. It’s about finding new ways to tell your story. Our team is planning to make a special documentary about the environment. And I can’t wait to write music for it.” 4. How would Meng combine his hobbies according to paragraph 1? A. By creating music. B. By starting a team. C. By going to college. D. By producing films. 5. What was the team’s biggest challenge? A. Few partners. B. People’s doubts. C. The money problem. D. Long working time. 6. Why did Meng’s team set up a simple studio? A. To work on rainy days. B. To get much attention. C. To follow the tennis player. D. To film a moving scene. 7. What can be learned from the last sentence of paragraph 4? A. The actors were popular. B. The team enjoyed the process. C. Meng wanted to make another film. D. The students had good equipment. 8. What would be the best title for the passage? A. To See Is to Believe B. Success Comes From Honesty C. Music Is the Best Language D. Hard Work Makes Dream Work C (2024年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷)So, how do pets have such a great positive effect on both our physical and mental health? It’s likely that there are a number of factors at play. First. pets offer company. Research shows that being alone can have a hugely harmful effect on our physical and mental health, with studies linking it to heart disease, anxiety, depression and so on. It also appears that pets promote (促进) social connections. Studies have shown that walking out with a dog result in much more conversations with passing strangers than walking alone. But, it’s not just dogs that can increase our social connections. A 1975 study gave a group of elderly individuals either a plant or a bird to look after over a period of three years. They found that those caring for a bird had built up a significantly bigger community of friends and visitors than those with a plant. Pet ownership can also come with increased exercise, which may help to explain some of the heart and mental health benefits. And it may explain why dogs, who need to be taken out regularly for walks, appear to be more beneficial for heart health than other pets. Although the exact mechanism (机制) of health promotion is still-unknown, one thing is clear: pets are great for our health and well worth bringing into our homes if we’ re looking to make new friends, add a spring to our step and perhaps even days to our life. 9. What will happen when you walk out with a dog? A. The dog will attack other animals. B. The dog will get excited outside home. C. Strangers will walk past you at a safe distance D. There will be more chances of talking with strangers 10. Why does the writer mention “a 1975 study” in Paragraph 3? A. To support an idea. B. To tell a story. C. To present a fact. D. To make a guess. 11. What will the writer probably recommend? A. Study the mechanism of health promotion. B. Grow some plants at home. C. Keep a pet at home. D. Do more exercise 12. How many positive effects of pets does the passage show? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. D (2024年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷)Part of growing up is learning how to work things out for yourself. However. when you’ re feeling sad or lost you don’t have to struggle alone. ______ There are lots of reasons why you could need help, for example, with schoolwork; learning a pew skill; or when you feel sad, anxious or angry. Feeling anxious because you’ re finding something difficult, or because it’s taking a long time to make progress, can alto make you feel like you can’t do it. These are all signs that you need help. When you’ re struggling with something. asking for help will move you forward more quickly than trying on your own. What stops you asking for help Asking for help isn’t always easy. It can be difficult if you’ re not sure who to ask. You might think your friends won’t want to be troubled or they haven’t got the time. If you feel sorry that you need help, or if you think asking for a helping hand is a sign of weakness, it makes it harder to turn to another person. Asking for support is brave Letting someone in trusting them with your story and asking them to listen to you and help you come up with ideas of how to deal with a problem takes great courage. When you ask for help, it takes the pressure off trying to work out everything by yourself. There are other benefits too. By asking for help, you practise saying what you need. It also shows you how someone else might feel when they’re struggling, which means you could be more able to offer a helping hand when someone needs it. 13. Which may best fill in the blank above Paragraph 2? A. Be sure of your ability B. Seeking help is a struggle C. When you might need help D. How you can make progress 14. Which may stop you asking for help? A. Being too busy. B. Having no friends. C. Being too confidant. D. Feeling sorry. 15. How many benefits of asking for help are mentioned in the last paragraph? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five 16. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Trust your best friends. B. Learn to reduce pressure. C. It is necessary to be independent. D. It is good to ask for help. E (2025年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性仿真试卷(专家版三)英语试卷)Over 5 million shared bikes in China are using services offered by Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统).These shared bikes all use Beidou-based positioning chips(芯片). The chips have high qualities. They can deal with information accurately and quickly. They feature low power consumption They provide a better user experience and easier management for the local companies. Now,several new models of shared electric bikes with Beidou-based chips have also started to be produced and put into market. Besides positioning and navigation, the chips will help users and shared bike companies record users’ speed and battery condition of an electric bike. The possible crimes during the bike using will also be recorded. In fact,years ago, shared bike companies began to use positioning chips which worked well with both GPS and Beidou services.After the Beidou system became fully in use in the summer of 2020,shared bike companies started installing(安装) Beidou-based chips on more bikes in more areas.The latest chips which are popular with shared bike companies are smaller and have more advantages over the old types. Since 2000,a total of 59 Beidou satellites have been lifted from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province. After the final satellite was lifted in 202the system was completed and started providing global services.Beidou Satellite System is designed and developed by China and it is one of four global navigation networks,along with the United States’ GPS,Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo. According to a research in 2022, by the end of 2021 the total value connected with satellite navigation and positioning services in China was 469 billion yuan，a 16.3%increase year-on-year. More than 500,000 Chinese people now work at around 14,000 China’s companies and organizations doing business connected with Beidou and other satellite navigation and positioning services. 17. What can users benefit from the new models of shared electric bikes with Beidou-based chips? A. They can speed up while riding B. They can record crimes. C. They can know their speed. D. They can get the batteries charged 18. How many are there global navigation networks in total? A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7. 19. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. More and more people take shared bikes to work. B. Employment has risen because of new technology C. Shared bikes will be more and more popular in China D. We must rise to the challenges of new technology 20. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Application of chips in China, B. Development of shared bikes in China. C. Promotion of new technology and its products. D. The Applications of Beidou Navigation Satellite System 二、完形填空 (2025年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题)Whether it was luck or pure chance, sometimes the most unexpected things happen. Lynora shared a(n) 21 experience. While shopping at Goodwill — a charity second-hand store, she 22 discovered a Coach bag in good condition — and for a steal of a price. “I paid $6.99 for it!” the woman mentioned, adding, “I thought I’d 23 it up. I started by removing the flap(盖子) of the purse and I found an 24 ,” she explained. The woman found $300 inside it and a handwritten note on the 25 . She read the note which was from a woman named Martha. “This bag kept me company during chemotherapy(化疗). I bought it on the day I promised(发誓) to 26 for my children. Every stitch reminded me to fight harder.” The 27 ended with, “Now that I’ve beaten cancer, I’m passing it forward. May it give its new owner the same courage it gave me.” She also encouraged the purchaser of the bag to use the 28 inside the envelope to purchase a new bag. Lynora was moved by the 29 action of the woman. She shared a follow-up video explaining she wished to pay it forward by following Martha’s footsteps. She said, “I just got back from 30 a bunch of stuff at Goodwill. And you know what, I put $100 in the pocket of a pair of jeans.” 21. A. surprising B. embarrassing C. frightening D. confusing 22. A. frequently B. accidentally C. nervously D. angrily 23. A. fix B. break C. sell D. clean 24. A. address B. account C. envelope D. advertisement 25. A. bar B. cover C. table D. floor 26. A. work B. apply C. survive D. debate 27. A. book B. note C. email D. poster 28. A. photos B. tickets C. brochure D. money 29. A. shocking B. alarming C. heartwarming D. amusing 30. A. donating B. stealing C. repairing D. receiving 三、语法填空 (2026届广东省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语模拟卷(一))The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a hot tourist attraction. Built in 1420, the palace recorded lives of important people through various relics and documents. The Forbidden City made a two-day broadcast 31 (celebrate) its 600th birthday in April, 2020. The museum can provide a large amount of 32 (value) material for today’s historical research, as well as inspiration for literature and entertainment. In addition 33 a look at the history, the Forbidden City is also creative in terms of marketing. Over the last decade, the museum 34 (produce) more than 10,000 cultural products featuring the imperial(皇家的) palace and 35 (it) exhibits(展品), from fans, notebooks to apps and cosmetics(化妆品). The most popular products are the ones that feature the royal cats. The cat products are 36 (real) inspired by the cats who call the Forbidden City home. More than 200 cats are living in the palace where they are being well 37 (care) for. These small cute animals often walk around freely and pose cutely to make 38 (visit) laugh, who sometimes can play with them. “The real reason 39 the Palace Museum has become so popular among people is that it keeps the right balance(平衡) among preserving(保留) history, sharing knowledge, and providing interesting interactive shows,” Shan Jixiang, former director and curator(馆长) of 40 museum, told China Daily. 四、应用文写作 (2025年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题)最近，全国各地掀起了学习使用DeepSeek的热潮，也引发了如何引导高中生正确使用DeepSeek的思考。假如你是李华，请你用英文写一封希望加入DeepSeek学习应用兴趣小组的申请信，要点如下表： 姓名 Li Hua 学校/年级 No. 9 Middle School/ Grade 2 电话 0731-88635866 邮箱 108633635@qq.com 爱好 explore AI tools like DeepSeek 原因或目的 1. solve math problems and design study plans 2. better understand AI’s role in education and address misuse risks 想法和建议 1. teach responsible AI usage 2. push for school guidelines limiting AI to hard tasks 3. create posters showing balanced AI benefits and risks 空闲时间 every Sunday 1.词数80左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Chairman, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 名词 ( 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 名词的功能 名词可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语 1. 作主语 This book is very useful. 这本书很有用。 2. 作表语 My brother is a worker. 我弟弟是个工人。 She is a writer. 她是个作家。 3. 作宾语或宾补 He finished his task on time. 他按时完成了他的任务。 4. 作定语 英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。 序号 用法 例词 1 表示地点、时间、材料、用途、类别、性别等的名词常用来作定语 cotton goods (棉织品) history teacher (历史老师) paper factory (纸厂) telephone number (电话号码) London Airport (伦敦机场) Moscow Stadium (莫斯科体育场) summer holiday (暑假) a coffee cup (咖啡杯) a book case (书箱) science fiction (科幻小说) a weather report (天气预报) a peace conference (和平会议) a research project (研究项目) 2 名词作定语时一般用单数形式，但个别情况下仍需用复数 sales plan (销售计划) customs officer (海关人员) clothes line (晾衣绳) an Arts degree (文科学位) careers guidance (就业指导) savings bank (储蓄银行) a greetings telegram (问候电报) animal rights group (动物权益组织) 3 含有合成名词作定语时名词用单数形式 a five-pound note (5英镑的钞票) a six-minute walk (6分钟的路程) a three-foot-high table (3英尺高的桌子) a three-footed table (3条腿的桌子) 4 (wo)man作定语修饰名词复数时应变为(wo)men 而boy/girl用作定语时，总是用单数 a man doctor (一个男医生) two men doctors (两个男医生) a woman's dress (一件女式衣服) three women's dresses (三件女式衣服) a boy baby(一个男婴) two boy babies (两个男婴) 5 名词作定语与形容词作定语的区别 a gold chain (金表链) the golden sunshine (金色的阳光) heart trouble (心脏病) a hearty welcome (热诚的欢迎) economy measures (节约措施) economic measures (经济措施) 5. 作状语 名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。 The war lasted eight years.战争持续八年， 6.作同位语 Mr. Smith, our leader, is speaking now. 史密斯先生，我们的领导，正在讲话。 考点二 名词的数 1. 规则名词的复数形式：1 序号 规则 例词 1 一般情况在词尾加-s bird—birds, sea—seas, lake—lakes 2 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的在词尾加-es church—churches, box—boxes, dish—dishes 3 以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f或-fe为v再加-es leaf—leaves, thief—thieves, loaf—loaves, self—selves, shelf—shelves, wife—wives 加-s belief—beliefs, chief—chiefs, proof—proofs, roof—roofs, gulf—gulfs, grief—griefs, cliff—cliffs, safe—safes 4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es fly—flies, family—families, university—universities 5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s toy—toys, monkey—monkeys, ray—rays 6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es hero—heroes, echo—echoes, potato—potatoes, tomato—tomatoes 一些外来词加-s piano—pianos, photo—photos, auto—autos, kilo—kilos, solo—solos 两者皆可 zero—zeros/zeroes, volcano—volcanos/volcanoes 7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio—radios, bamboo—bamboos, zoo—zoos, studio—studios 8 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth—truths, mouth—mouths, month—months, path—paths 2.不规则名词的复数形式： 序号 规则 例词 1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man—men, woman—women, foot—feet, tooth—teeth, goose—geese, mouse—mice, ox—oxen, crisis—crises, medium—media, analysis—analyses, phenomenon—phenomena, criterion—criteria, child—children 2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species, li(里) 3 只有复数形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents, shoes, gloves, chopsticks, jeans, sleeves, slippers 4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff 5 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员) audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 6 复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟), airs(摆架子), works(著作), damages(赔偿金), balances(天平), interests(利益) 7 表示“某国人” 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Europeans, Romans 单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese 以-man结尾的改为-men；以-woman结尾的改为-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen 8 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, go-betweens 将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants 考点三 名词所有格 名词的所有格表示所有关系，它有两种形式：一是由名词词尾加's构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. 's所有格的构成：3 规则 例词 单数名词在末尾加's the boy's teacher, Henry's cat, her son-in-law's photo 复数名词 一般在末尾加' the teachers' reading-room, the twins' mother 不规则复数名词后加's the children's toys, women's rights, men's clothes 以s结尾的人名所有格加's或者' Dickens' novels, Engels' works, the Smiths' house 表示各自的所有关系时，各名词末尾均须加's Japan's and America's problems, Mary's and Tom's rooms 表示共有的所有关系时在最后一名词末尾加's Japan and America's problems, Jane and Mary's room 表示“某人的家/店铺”，所有格后的名词省略 the doctor's, the barber's, the tailor's, my uncle's 2.'s所有格的用法： 4 序号 用法 例词 1 表示时间 a week's time, five weeks' holiday 2 表示距离 ten miles' distance 3 表示自然现象 the Earth's gravity, the tree's branches 4 表示国家、城市等地方的名词 the world's population, China's future 5 表示工作群体 the committee's decision, the team's victory 6 表示度量衡及价值 a mile's journey, five dollars' worth of apples 7 表示拟人 a wolf in sheep's clothing 8 某些固定词组 at arm's length, a bird's eye view, a stone's throw, at one's wit's end (黔驴技穷), for friendship's sake 3. of所有格的用法： 用于无生命的东西：the name of the song, the roof of the church 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 练 考点一：名词作定语 例1. On the ________(graduate) ceremony, I represented all the graduates to give a speech.   【答案】graduation 【详解】考查名词。句意：在毕业典礼上，我代表所有毕业生发表了演讲。分析句子结构可知，此处需用名词作定语修饰ceremony，graduate的名词形式graduation，表“毕业”，graduation ceremony，表“毕业典礼”，为固定搭配，符合语境。故填graduation。 例2. The company upgraded its network ________(secure) system to prevent unauthorized access to customer data. 【答案】security 【详解】考查名词。句意：该公司升级了其网络安全系统，以防止未经授权访问客户数据。secure“安全的，可靠的”为形容词，其名词形式为security，表示“安全，保护”，在句中作定语修饰system，security system表示“安全系统”。故填security。 例3. In Beijing, one ________(register) office had about 300 couples seeking to get married the day after the changes were announced. 【答案】registration 【详解】考查名词。句意：在北京，一项政策调整公布后的第二天，某婚姻登记处就有约300对情侣前来登记结婚。此处为名词作定语修饰“office”， register的名词形式registration意为“登记”，registration office意为“登记处”符合语境。故填registration。 1. His ________(present) skills are very good. 【答案】presentation 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的演讲技巧很好。空处修饰名词作定语，表示“演讲”，应用名词presentation，故填presentation。 2. We don’t have that problem anymore, because we have ________(navigate) systems like GPS. 【答案】navigation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们不再有那种问题了，因为我们有像全球定位系统(GPS)这样的导航系统。本空修饰名词systems，作定语，需用名词navigation“导航”，navigation systems表示 “导航系统”。故填navigation。 3. Visitors entered the ________(exhibit) hall in a steady stream. 【答案】exhibition 【详解】考查名词。句意：参观者络绎不绝地进入展览馆。exhibition hall是固定用法，意为“展览馆”，故填exhibition。 4. The personal details of every soldier are clearly stated on the ________(register) form. 【答案】registration 【详解】考查名词。句意：登记表上明确列出了每位士兵的个人详细信息。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词，registration，表“注册，登记”，registration form为固定搭配，表“登记表”。故填registration。 5. I am filling in an ________(apply) form for a new job. 【答案】application 【详解】考查名词。句意：我正在填写一份新工作的申请表。根据前面的不定冠词“an”和后面的名词“form”可知，此处需用名词作定语，修饰“form”，“apply”对应的名词形式为“application”，“application form”为固定搭配，意为“申请表”，符合语境。故填application。 考点二：名词的数 例1. Every week we take part in ________(vary) of activities in our school. 【答案】varieties 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：每周我们都会在学校参加各种各样的活动。varieties of是固定短语，意为“各种各样的”，此处需用vary的名词形式variety，且根据短语搭配用复数varieties。故填varieties。 例2. Many ________(comment) were made about the new policy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】comments 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：关于这项新政策，人们提出了许多评论。此处被形容词“Many”修饰，且谓语动词是“were”，所以此处为可数名词复数形式；所给词“comment”为可数名词，意为“评论”，其复数形式为comments。故填comments。 例3. There are five ________ on the table. A. tomatoes B. potatos C. tomatos D. potato 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词。句意：桌子上有五个西红柿。A.tomatoes西红柿；B.potatos单词错误；C.tomatos单词错误；D.potato土豆。根据空前的five，可知，设空处应用名词的复数形式，tomato的复数为tomatoes。故选A。 1. John is a man of ________ and he had a lot of interesting ________ in his life. A. experience; experience B. experiences; experience C. experience; experiences D. experiences; experiences 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词。句意：约翰是个经验丰富的人，一生中有很多有趣的经历。第一空中experience表示“经验”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故排除B、D选项；第二空experience表示“经历”是可数名词，且由a lot of修饰应用复数形式experiences。故选C。 2.—Did you see the new TV show “House of the Dragon”? It’s said to be ________ great fun. —No, I’ve been busy repairing all the office ______ these days. A. /; equipment B. /; equipments C. a; equipment D. a; equipments 【答案】A 【详解】考查冠词和不可数名词。句意：——你看了这部由那位著名导演导演的新电影了吗？据说很有趣。 ——没有。那些天我一直在忙于修理损坏的办公室设备。A./；equipment设备；B./； equipments设备；C.a一个；equipment设备；D.a一个；equipments设备。第一个空，抽象名词具体化用不用冠词；第二个空，equipment是不可数名词，故选A。 3. The new school still needs to purchase ________ to be fully ________. A. many equipments; equipped B. many pieces of equipments; equipping C. much equipment; equipping D. many pieces of equipment; equipped 【答案】D 【详解】考查不可数名词和语态。句意：新学校还需要购置许多设备才能装备齐全。equipment意为“设备”，是不可数名词，其复数形式需要借助量词piece，“许多设备”用many pieces of equipment表示，作宾语；动词equip意为“装备，配备”，与其逻辑主语The new school之间是被动关系，用过去分词构成不定式的被动式to be equipped。故选D项。 4. I have two ________ and three bottles of ________ here. A. orange; orange B. oranges; oranges C. oranges; orange D. orange; oranges 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词。句意：我这里有两个橙子和三瓶橙汁。orange有两种含义，“橘子”为可数名词，“橙汁”为不可数名词；此题第一空表示“两个橘子”应填可数名词oranges；第二空表示“橙汁”为不可数名词用orange。故选C。 5. These ________(strategy) will help you catch up with your classmates in a shorter time. 【答案】strategies 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这些策略将帮助你在更短时间内赶上同学。分析句子结构可知，strategy，表“策略”，作主语，为可数名词，且These后需接可数名词复数形式。故填strategies。 6. After persuasion, she finally let go of her ________(resist) and accepted the team’s constructive suggestions to revise the plan. 【答案】resistance 【详解】考查名词。句意：经过劝说，她最终放下了抵触情绪，接受了团队提出的修改. 考点三：名词的所有格 例1. Labubu’s rise integrates ________(China) strong manufacturing base with creative innovation, tapping into the emotional needs of global consumers. 【答案】China's 【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：Labubu的崛起将中国强大的制造业基础与创新融合在一起，满足了全球消费者的情感需求。根据空后名词短语strong manufacturing base可知，此空在句中作定语，表示“中国的强大制造业基础”。China的形容词形式Chinese虽常见，但更侧重于“与中国相关的/中文的”，而此处强调归属关系，名词所有格“China’s (中国的)”更符合语境和语法逻辑。故填China's。 例2. Though some doubted the ________(experiment) safety, Franklin's work advanced the study of electricity. His contributions remain influential in science. 【答案】experiment’s 【详解】考查名词的所有格。句意：虽然有人怀疑实验的安全性，但富兰克林的工作推动了电学的研究。他的贡献在科学界仍有影响力。表示“实验的”安全性，用名词所有格，experiment的所有格是experiment’s。故填experiment’s。 例3. In that sense, they are closer to ________(mammal) brains than other reptiles’ brains. 【答案】mammals’ 【详解】考查名词的格。句意：从这个意义上说，它们比其他爬行动物的大脑更接近哺乳动物的大脑。mammal(哺乳动物)为可数名词，这里表示泛指，且空前没有表示数量的限定词，所以用名词复数，修饰空后的brains，应用名词所有格。故填mammals’。 1. It’s about ________ from here to our English teacher’s home. A. twenty-minutes walk B. twenty minute’s walk C. twenty-minute’s walk D. twenty minutes’ walk 【答案】D 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：从这里到我们英语老师家步行大约需要二十分钟。这个表达用来描述从一个地点到另一个地点的距离，采用“时间单位(复数形式)+ 名词所有格(’s)+ 名词(walk)”的结构。“twenty minutes”表示二十分钟，由于“minutes”是复数形式，其所有格只需在末尾加一个(’)，所以正确的表达方式为“twenty minutes’ walk”。故选D。 2. Today is September 10th. It’s ________ Day. Let’s say “Thank you” to our teachers. A. Teacher’s B. the Teachers’ C. Teachers D. Teachers’ 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：今天是9月10日。今天是教师节。让我们对我们的老师们说声“谢谢”。结合句意可知，今天是9月10号，是教师节。“教师节”的表达方式是Teachers’ Day，可数名词复数的所有格形式是在名词变复数后加’，所有格构成的专有名词前不加定冠词the。故选D。 3. I have a toothache, and have to go to the ________(dentist) every other day. 【答案】dentist’s 【详解】考查名词所有格形式。句意：我牙疼，每隔一天就得去看牙医。dentist表示“牙医”时是可数名词，空处作宾语，根据句意，此处指去牙医的诊所，应使用dentist的名词所有格形式dentist’s(牙医的诊所)。故填dentist’s。 4. On the whole, the results of this experiment is similar with the ________(former). 【答案】former’s 【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：总的来说，这个实验的结果和之前那个(实验的结果)相似。根据上文“the results of this experiment is similar(这个实验的结果和……相似)”可知，设空处需体现“之前的实验的结果”这一含义，应用名词所有格形式表示所属关系，former的所有格是former’s。故填former’s。 5. Jiaozi could be stuffed with different kinds of meat and vegetables according to ________(people) favourite tastes. 【答案】people’s 【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：饺子可以根据人们喜爱的口味，填入不同种类的肉类和蔬菜。结合语意可知，people与favourite tastes为所属关系，所以此空应填名词所有格people’s作定语，修饰favourite tastes。故填people’s。 一、单项选择 1. The magician’s incredible trick left the audience in a state of ________, as they were ________ by his ________ skill and acts he performed right before their eyes. A. astonishment; astonished; astonishing B. astonishment; astonishing; astonished C. astonishing; astonished; astonishment D. astonished; astonishing; astonishment 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意：魔术师令人难以置信的魔术让观众感到惊讶，因为他们被他在他们眼前表演的惊人技巧和行为所震惊。分析句子可知，该句第一空需填入名词作介词 “in”的宾语，构成“in a state of + 名词” 结构，意为“处于……状态”。该句第二空需填入形容词作表语，描述主语“they”(观众)的感受。“astonished”是形容词，意为“感到震惊的”，用于修饰人，符合“观众被震惊”的语义。该句第三空需填入形容词修饰名词 “skill”(技巧)，描述事物的特征。“astonishing”是形容词，意为“令人震惊的”，用于修饰物，符合“他令人震惊的技巧”的搭配。故选A项。 2. — May I take your order, Mr. Wang? — I’d like ________ and a cake, please. A. two cups of coffees B. two cup of coffee C. a cup of coffees D. a cup of coffee 【答案】D 【详解】考查不可数名词的量化表达。句意：——王先生，您可以点菜了吗？——我想要一杯咖啡和一块蛋糕。空处需填入与“a cake”并列的名词短语，表示王先生想要点的饮品，“coffee”咖啡是不可数名词。表示“一杯咖啡”用a cup of coffee，“两杯咖啡”用two cups of coffee，cup是可数名词，前面是two时要用复数形式cups。故选D。 3. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. ________ A. adj.运动神经的 B. adj.机动车的 C. n.发动机；电动机 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义。句意：我们被困在湖中央，发动机坏了。motor作介词with的宾语，是名词，结合“We were stuck in the middle of the lake”和“a dead”可知，motor意为“发动机”。故选C。 4. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. ________ A. v. 前进 B. v. 促进 C. n. 发展 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们希望，在未来的几十年里，科学的发展将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角。句中“advance”为名词，意为“发展”，在句中充当主语。故选C。 5. The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture(动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image. ________ A. n. 图表 B. n. 图形 C. adj. 绘画的 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：《猩球崛起》系列背后的创意团队利用动作捕捉技术创造了数字化的动物，花费数千万美元在记录演员表演的技术上，然后用计算机图形对其进行处理，最终生成完整的影像。 graphics为名词，作with的宾语，意为“图形”。故选B。 6. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people. ________ A. n. 事情, 问题 B. n. 油煎的食物 C. v. 油煎 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词。句意：然而，与可容纳约25万人的马克西姆斯马戏团相比，这只是小巫见大巫。句中“fry”为名词作表语，被形容词“small”修饰，根据后文“compared with the city's Circus Maximus (与马克西姆斯马戏团相比)”可知，此处“fry”可翻译为“事情，问题”。故选A。 7. Highlights include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou’s rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples. ________ A. n.最精彩的部分 B. n.挑染的头发 C. v.突出，强调 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词。句意：句意：亮点包括中国最神圣的山峰泰山和杭州起伏的丘陵，水路和宁静的寺庙。根据句意可知，Highlights为名词，表示 “最精彩的部分”作主语。故选A项。 8. They put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil while they made the French toast. ________ A. v.为……干杯 B. v.烤(尤指面包) C. n.烤面包片；吐司 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们把一些米饭放进一锅水里，让它沸腾，然后做法式吐司。此处“toast”为名词，被形容词“French”修饰，作“made”的宾语。“make the French toast”意为“做法式土司”。故选C。 9. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. ________ A. n. 洗涤槽，水槽 B. v. 沉没；下沉 C. v. 下降 【答案】A 【详解】考查单词词性和词义辨析。句意：詹娜把烧焦的面包扔进水槽，然后放入另一片面包。sink作介词into的宾语，所以其词性为名词，意为“洗涤槽，水槽”。故选A。 10. A trial project by the Montreal Children’s Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis(催眠) can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. ________ A. n.审判 B. n.试验 C. v.试用 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词/动词词义辨析。句意：蒙特利尔儿童医院的一项试验项目表明，使用药物催眠可以减轻病人的疼痛和焦虑。根据“suggested that the use of medical hypnosis (催眠) can reduce pain and anxiety in patients.”可知，A trial project为“一个试验项目”，trial是名词作定语，修饰后面的名词project，意为“试验”。故选B项。 二、单句语法填空 11. The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, ________(succeed) and failure. 【答案】success 【详解】考查名词。句意：友谊的第一份果实，是能与朋友分享喜悦、悲伤、成功与失败时所带来的安宁。空处和joy、sadness及failure并列，作sharing的宾语，应用名词success“成功”，表抽象意义，不可数。故填success。 12. What is your ________(prefer) for the weekend, playing basketball or going swimming? 【答案】preference 【详解】考查名词。句意：你周末更喜欢做什么，打篮球还是游泳？your后接名词，prefer的名词为preference作表语。故填preference。 13. After persuasion, she finally let go of her ________(resist) and accepted the team’s constructive suggestions to revise the plan. 【答案】resistance 【详解】考查名词。句意：经过劝说，她最终放下了抵触情绪，接受了团队提出的修改计划的建设性建议。空处作宾语，需填名词resistance，为不可数名词。故填resistance。 14. Modern education often combines learning with ________(entertain) to make lessons more engaging. 【答案】entertainment 【详解】考查名词。句意：现代教育常常将学习与娱乐结合，让课程更具吸引力。with后接名词entertainment作宾语，表“娱乐”是不可数名词。故填entertainment。 15. These health ________(advocate) encourage people to exercise regularly and eat a balanced diet. 【答案】advocates 【详解】考查名词。句意：这些健康倡导者鼓励人们定期锻炼并保持均衡饮食。advocate作名词时意为“倡导者、支持者”，根据 encourage可知，主语为复数形式 advocates。故填advocates。 16. In ________(add), the exhibition provides a chance for members to enjoy some artworks in our museum. 【答案】addition 【详解】考查名词。句意：此外，这次展览为会员提供了在我们博物馆欣赏一些艺术品的机会。此处作介词宾语，应用名词addition，构成介词短语in addition“此外、另外”，用于补充说明额外的信息，符合“先提及其他内容，再补充展览的作用”的语境。故填addition。 17. Our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and ________(satisfy). 【答案】satisfaction 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的大脑对这些奖赏形成了一种反应机制，反映出它们的价值——一种奖励感和满足感。所给词satisfy为动词，意为“使满足”，此处与reward并列，作介词of的宾语，应用其名词形式satisfaction，意为“满足”，符合句意。故填satisfaction。 18. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant ________(remove), winter planting, and seed collection. 【答案】removal 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们将在探索美丽公园景点的同时，进行入侵植物的清除、冬季种植以及种子收集工作。用名词在句中作宾语。remove的名词形式为removal，表示“除去”之意。故填removal。 19. Whatever the outcome, it would greatly enhance the ________(likely) that he would never again win a presidential election. 【答案】likelihood 【详解】考查名词。句意：无论结果如何，这都将大大增加他再也无法赢得总统选举的可能性。所给词likely为形容词，意为“可能的”，此处位于定冠词the之后，作动词enhance的宾语，应用其名词形式likelihood，意为“可能性”，符合句意。故填likelihood。 20. The enthusiastic fans held their ________(breathe) and waited patiently for the music genius to appear on the stage. 【答案】breath 【详解】考查名词。句意：热情的粉丝们屏住呼吸，耐心等待这位音乐天才登台。hold one’s breath是固定短语，意为 “屏住呼吸”。故填breath。 一、阅读理解 A (2025年四川省高等职业教育单独考试招生文化素质考试) Join us on our visit to Tijuana, Mexico. A city full of history, culture and exciting shopping. Explore Avenida Revolucion for great bargains on leather goods, clothing, jewelry and find Mexican handicrafts. PASSPORT REQUIRED. Mon & Wed departures from StarLine Anaheim at 8:45 am Please check with us for return time 1. Tijuana is more attractive to people who are interested in _______. A. hiking B. photographing C. shopping 2. What is required to visit Tijuana? A. Jewelry. B. A passport. C. Handicrafts. 3. What can be learned from the picture? A. The visit is arranged twice a week. B. The return time is 8:45 pm every Monday. C. The leather goods in Tijuana are the cheapest. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了墨西哥蒂华纳的特色及相关游览信息，包括出发时间等。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A city full of history, culture and exciting shopping.(这是一座充满历史、文化和令人兴奋的购物氛围的城市)”可知，蒂华纳更吸引对购物感兴趣的人。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“PASSPORT REQUIRED.(需持护照)”可知，参观蒂华纳需要护照。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Mon & Wed departures from StarLine Anaheim at 8:45 am (周一和周三上午 8:45 从阿纳海姆星际航线出发)”可知，游览安排为每周两次。故选A。 B (2026届广东省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语模拟卷(一))Meng Xiang was crazy about films and music during his childhood. When he started college, he dreamed to make films that could combine his love for storytelling and interest in music. His biggest challenge came when he planned to make a film about a tennis player. Since no one would offer him money for a 2-hour film, Meng and his college friends tried to make a shorter one. They bought a second-hand camera and used old things instead of expensive equipment. They even made a shelf on their own to support the camera. Meng and his friends worked hard, rain or shine. When filming the tennis player, they ran after him in the summer sun. If it rained and they couldn’t film outside, they hung bed sheets(床单) on the walls in an empty room to set up a simple studio(摄影棚). This 12-minute film got much attention. The teachers and students in their college liked the music they created for it. After that, Meng had another idea: to make a musical film. But musicals weren’t popular in college, and many said it wouldn’t work. Instead of listening to the doubts, Meng and his team spent weeks writing new songs and making a test video. To film the moving scenes, they fixed a smartphone on a skateboard and pushed it. The actors’ hair was blowing in the wind while they were dancing and singing. The loud voice and laughter of the team filled the air. Their musical film was well received and won several awards at a film festival. As Meng said, “Making films isn’t about having the best equipment or famous actors. It’s about finding new ways to tell your story. Our team is planning to make a special documentary about the environment. And I can’t wait to write music for it.” 4. How would Meng combine his hobbies according to paragraph 1? A. By creating music. B. By starting a team. C. By going to college. D. By producing films. 5. What was the team’s biggest challenge? A. Few partners. B. People’s doubts. C. The money problem. D. Long working time. 6. Why did Meng’s team set up a simple studio? A. To work on rainy days. B. To get much attention. C. To follow the tennis player. D. To film a moving scene. 7. What can be learned from the last sentence of paragraph 4? A. The actors were popular. B. The team enjoyed the process. C. Meng wanted to make another film. D. The students had good equipment. 8. What would be the best title for the passage? A. To See Is to Believe B. Success Comes From Honesty C. Music Is the Best Language D. Hard Work Makes Dream Work 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了孟翔通过努力和创意，用有限的资源制作电影，并最终取得成功的故事。 4. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“When he started college, he dreamed to make films that could combine his love for storytelling and interest in music.(当他开始上大学时，他梦想制作能够将他对讲故事的热爱和对音乐的兴趣结合起来的电影。)”可知，孟翔通过制作电影来结合他的爱好。故选D。 5. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“His biggest challenge came when he planned to make a film about a tennis player. Since no one would offer him money for a 2-hour film, Meng and his college friends tried to make a shorter one. (他最大的挑战是计划拍摄一部关于网球运动员的电影。由于没有人愿意给他钱拍一部2小时的电影，孟翔和他的大学朋友们试图拍一部更短的电影。)”可知，团队最大的挑战是资金问题。故选C。 6. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“If it rained and they couldn’t film outside, they hung bed sheets (床单) on the walls in an empty room to set up a simple studio (摄影棚).(如果下雨，他们不能在外面拍摄，他们就在空房间的墙上挂上床单，搭建一个简单的摄影棚。)”可知，他的团队搭建了一个简单的摄影棚是为了在下雨天继续工作。故选A。 7. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The actors’ hair was blowing in the wind while they were dancing and singing. The loud voice and laughter of the team filled the air.(演员们载歌载舞，头发在风中飘扬。团队的声音和笑声充满了空气。)”可知，团队在拍摄过程中充满了欢乐和活力，由此可推知，团队享受了这个过程。故选B。 8. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由第一段“Meng Xiang was crazy about films and music during his childhood. When he started college, he dreamed to make films that could combine his love for storytelling and interest in music.(孟翔小时候酷爱电影和音乐。当他开始上大学时，他梦想着制作一部电影，将他对讲故事的热爱和对音乐的兴趣结合起来。)”和最后一段“Their musical film was well received and won several awards at a film festival.(他们的音乐电影很受欢迎，并在一个电影节上获得了几个奖项。)”可知，文章主要讲述了孟翔通过努力和创意，用有限的资源制作电影，并最终取得成功的故事，体现了努力使梦想成真的主题。因此D选项“Hard Work Makes Dream Work(努力使梦想成真)”最符合文章主旨。故选D。 C (2024年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷)So, how do pets have such a great positive effect on both our physical and mental health? It’s likely that there are a number of factors at play. First. pets offer company. Research shows that being alone can have a hugely harmful effect on our physical and mental health, with studies linking it to heart disease, anxiety, depression and so on. It also appears that pets promote (促进) social connections. Studies have shown that walking out with a dog result in much more conversations with passing strangers than walking alone. But, it’s not just dogs that can increase our social connections. A 1975 study gave a group of elderly individuals either a plant or a bird to look after over a period of three years. They found that those caring for a bird had built up a significantly bigger community of friends and visitors than those with a plant. Pet ownership can also come with increased exercise, which may help to explain some of the heart and mental health benefits. And it may explain why dogs, who need to be taken out regularly for walks, appear to be more beneficial for heart health than other pets. Although the exact mechanism (机制) of health promotion is still-unknown, one thing is clear: pets are great for our health and well worth bringing into our homes if we’ re looking to make new friends, add a spring to our step and perhaps even days to our life. 9. What will happen when you walk out with a dog? A. The dog will attack other animals. B. The dog will get excited outside home. C. Strangers will walk past you at a safe distance D. There will be more chances of talking with strangers 10. Why does the writer mention “a 1975 study” in Paragraph 3? A. To support an idea. B. To tell a story. C. To present a fact. D. To make a guess. 11. What will the writer probably recommend? A. Study the mechanism of health promotion. B. Grow some plants at home. C. Keep a pet at home. D. Do more exercise 12. How many positive effects of pets does the passage show? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 【答案】9. D 10. A 11. C 12. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了宠物对人类身心健康的多方面积极影响。 9. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Studies have shown that walking out with a dog result in much more conversations with passing strangers than walking alone.(研究表明，与独自散步相比，带着狗外出散步会带来更多与路过陌生人的交谈机会)”可知，当你带着狗出去散步时，会有更多与陌生人交谈的机会。故选D。 10. 推理判断题。根据第三段“But, it’s not just dogs that can increase our social connections. A 1975 study gave a group of elderly individuals either a plant or a bird to look after over a period of three years. They found that those caring for a bird had built up a significantly bigger community of friends and visitors than those with a plant.(但是，并非只有狗能够增进我们的社交关系。一项 1975 年的研究让一群老年人在三年的时间里要么照料一株植物，要么照料一只鸟。研究人员发现，那些照料鸟的人比照料植物的人建立起了规模大得多的朋友圈子，也有更多人来探访他们)”可知，作者提到1975年的研究是为了支持“宠物能促进社交联系”这一观点，说明不仅仅是狗能增加我们的社交联系，照顾鸟的老人也建立了更大的朋友和访客社区。故选A。 11. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Although the exact mechanism (机制) of health promotion is still-unknown, one thing is clear: pets are great for our health and well worth bringing into our homes if we’ re looking to make new friends, add a spring to our step and perhaps even days to our life.(尽管促进健康的确切机制仍然未知，但有一点是明确的：宠物对我们的健康大有裨益。如果我们想要结交新朋友、让自己步伐轻快起来，甚至有可能延长寿命，那么宠物是非常值得养在家里的)”可知，作者认为宠物对我们的健康有好处，如果我们想结交新朋友，给我们的生活增添活力，甚至延长我们的寿命，那么把宠物带回家是值得的。因此，作者可能会推荐在家里养宠物。故选C。 12. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“First. pets offer company.(宠物提供陪伴)”；第二段的“It also appears that pets promote (促进) social connections.(宠物促进社交联系)”以及最后一段的“Pet ownership can also come with increased exercise, which may help to explain some of the heart and mental health benefits.(养宠物会增加锻炼，这可能有助于解释对心脏和心理健康的一些好处)”可知，文章中提到宠物的积极影响一共有三个方面。所以选 B。 D (2024年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷)Part of growing up is learning how to work things out for yourself. However. when you’ re feeling sad or lost you don’t have to struggle alone. ______ There are lots of reasons why you could need help, for example, with schoolwork; learning a pew skill; or when you feel sad, anxious or angry. Feeling anxious because you’ re finding something difficult, or because it’s taking a long time to make progress, can alto make you feel like you can’t do it. These are all signs that you need help. When you’ re struggling with something. asking for help will move you forward more quickly than trying on your own. What stops you asking for help Asking for help isn’t always easy. It can be difficult if you’ re not sure who to ask. You might think your friends won’t want to be troubled or they haven’t got the time. If you feel sorry that you need help, or if you think asking for a helping hand is a sign of weakness, it makes it harder to turn to another person. Asking for support is brave Letting someone in trusting them with your story and asking them to listen to you and help you come up with ideas of how to deal with a problem takes great courage. When you ask for help, it takes the pressure off trying to work out everything by yourself. There are other benefits too. By asking for help, you practise saying what you need. It also shows you how someone else might feel when they’re struggling, which means you could be more able to offer a helping hand when someone needs it. 13. Which may best fill in the blank above Paragraph 2? A. Be sure of your ability B. Seeking help is a struggle C. When you might need help D. How you can make progress 14. Which may stop you asking for help? A. Being too busy. B. Having no friends. C. Being too confidant. D. Feeling sorry. 15. How many benefits of asking for help are mentioned in the last paragraph? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five 16. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Trust your best friends. B. Learn to reduce pressure. C. It is necessary to be independent. D. It is good to ask for help. 【答案】13. C 14. D 15. B 16. D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了遇到困难时寻求帮助是有益的及其原因。 13. 主旨大意题。根据第二段的“There are lots of reasons why you could need help, for example, with schoolwork; learning a new skill; or when you feel sad, anxious or angry.(你可能需要帮助的原因有很多，比如在功课方面；学习一项新技能的时候；又或者当你感到悲伤、焦虑或愤怒的时候)”可知，后文列举了一些可能需要帮助的情况，所以空白处应是引出 “什么时候可能需要帮助” 的内容，概括本段。故选C。 14. 细节理解题。根据 What stops you asking for help部分中“If you feel sorry that you need help, or if you think asking for a helping hand is a sign of weakness, it makes it harder to turn to another person.(如果你因为自己需要帮助而感到愧疚，或者你认为寻求他人的帮助是软弱的表现，那么这会让你更难以向他人求助)”可知，如果你因为需要帮助而感到愧疚，会让你更难向他人求助。因此，D选项“Feeling sorry(感到抱歉)”是阻止你寻求帮助的原因。故选D。 15. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“When you ask for help, it takes the pressure off trying to work out everything by yourself. There are other benefits too. By asking for help, you practise saying what you need. It also shows you how someone else might feel when they’re struggling, which means you could be more able to offer a helping hand when someone needs it.(当你寻求帮助时，这能减轻你试图独自解决所有问题的压力。这还有其他好处。通过寻求帮助，你可以锻炼说出自己的需求。这也能让你体会到别人在努力挣扎时的感受，这意味着当有人需要帮助时，你更有能力伸出援手)”可知，寻求帮助的好处有：减轻独自解决所有问题的压力；练习说出自己的需求；能理解他人在困境中的感受，从而在他人需要时更能伸出援手。因此，最后一段提到了三个寻求帮助的好处。故选B。 16. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容以及第一段的“Part of growing up is learning how to work things out for yourself. However. when you’ re feeling sad or lost you don’t have to struggle alone.(成长的一部分就是学会如何自己解决问题。然而，当你感到悲伤或迷茫时，你不必独自苦苦挣扎)”可知，文章主要讲述了寻求帮助的重要性和好处，包括减轻压力、练习表达需求、了解他人感受以及更有可能在别人需要时提供帮助。因此，D选项“It is good to ask for help.(寻求帮助是有益的)”最符合文章主旨。故选D。 E (2025年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性仿真试卷英语试卷)Over 5 million shared bikes in China are using services offered by Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统).These shared bikes all use Beidou-based positioning chips(芯片). The chips have high qualities. They can deal with information accurately and quickly. They feature low power consumption They provide a better user experience and easier management for the local companies. Now,several new models of shared electric bikes with Beidou-based chips have also started to be produced and put into market. Besides positioning and navigation, the chips will help users and shared bike companies record users’ speed and battery condition of an electric bike. The possible crimes during the bike using will also be recorded. In fact,years ago, shared bike companies began to use positioning chips which worked well with both GPS and Beidou services.After the Beidou system became fully in use in the summer of 2020,shared bike companies started installing(安装) Beidou-based chips on more bikes in more areas.The latest chips which are popular with shared bike companies are smaller and have more advantages over the old types. Since 2000,a total of 59 Beidou satellites have been lifted from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province. After the final satellite was lifted in 202the system was completed and started providing global services.Beidou Satellite System is designed and developed by China and it is one of four global navigation networks,along with the United States’ GPS,Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo. According to a research in 2022, by the end of 2021 the total value connected with satellite navigation and positioning services in China was 469 billion yuan，a 16.3%increase year-on-year. More than 500,000 Chinese people now work at around 14,000 China’s companies and organizations doing business connected with Beidou and other satellite navigation and positioning services. 17. What can users benefit from the new models of shared electric bikes with Beidou-based chips? A. They can speed up while riding B. They can record crimes. C. They can know their speed. D. They can get the batteries charged 18. How many are there global navigation networks in total? A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7. 19. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. More and more people take shared bikes to work. B. Employment has risen because of new technology C. Shared bikes will be more and more popular in China D. We must rise to the challenges of new technology 20. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Application of chips in China, B. Development of shared bikes in China. C. Promotion of new technology and its products. D. The Applications of Beidou Navigation Satellite System 【答案】17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国北斗卫星导航定位服务在中国的广泛应用。 17. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Besides positioning and navigation, the chips will help users and shared bike companies record users’ speed and battery condition of an electric bike.(除了定位和导航，这些芯片还将帮助用户和共享单车公司记录用户的速度和电动自行车的电池状况。)”可知，新型共享电动车的用户能够通过芯片知道自己的速度。故选C。 18. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Beidou Satellite System is designed and developed by China and it is one of four global navigation networks, along with the United States’ GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo.(北斗卫星系统由中国设计和开发，是全球四大导航网络之一，另外三个是美国的GPS、俄罗斯的GLONASS和欧盟的伽利略。)”可知，全球一共四大导航网络。故选A。 19. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“More than 500,000 Chinese people now work at around 14,000 China’s companies and organizations doing business connected with Beidou and other satellite navigation and positioning services.(目前，中国约有1.4万家与北斗等卫星导航定位服务相关的企业和机构，从业人员超过50万人。)”，可知，中国约有1.4万家与北斗等卫星导航定位服务相关的企业和机构，从业人员超过50万人。由此可推断，该新技术的出现增加了就业机会。故选B。 20. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Over 5 million shared bikes in China are using services offered by Beidou Navigation Satellite System (北斗卫星导航系统).These shared bikes all use Beidou-based positioning chips (芯片).(中国有超过500万辆共享单车使用北斗卫星导航系统提供的服务。这些共享单车都使用基于北斗的定位芯片。)”以及最后一段“According to a research in 2022, by the end of 2021 the total value connected with satellite navigation and positioning services in China was 469 billion yuan，a 16.3%increase year-on-year. More than 500,000 Chinese people now work at around 14,000 China’s companies and organizations doing business connected with Beidou and other satellite navigation and positioning services.(根据2022年的一项研究，到2021年底，中国卫星导航定位服务相关总价值为4690亿元，同比增长16.3%。目前，中国约有1.4万家与北斗等卫星导航定位服务相关的企业和机构，从业人员超过50万人。)”，再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了北斗卫星导航系统的在中国的应用。故选D。 二、完形填空 (2025年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题)Whether it was luck or pure chance, sometimes the most unexpected things happen. Lynora shared a(n) 21 experience. While shopping at Goodwill — a charity second-hand store, she 22 discovered a Coach bag in good condition — and for a steal of a price. “I paid $6.99 for it!” the woman mentioned, adding, “I thought I’d 23 it up. I started by removing the flap(盖子) of the purse and I found an 24 ,” she explained. The woman found $300 inside it and a handwritten note on the 25 . She read the note which was from a woman named Martha. “This bag kept me company during chemotherapy(化疗). I bought it on the day I promised(发誓) to 26 for my children. Every stitch reminded me to fight harder.” The 27 ended with, “Now that I’ve beaten cancer, I’m passing it forward. May it give its new owner the same courage it gave me.” She also encouraged the purchaser of the bag to use the 28 inside the envelope to purchase a new bag. Lynora was moved by the 29 action of the woman. She shared a follow-up video explaining she wished to pay it forward by following Martha’s footsteps. She said, “I just got back from 30 a bunch of stuff at Goodwill. And you know what, I put $100 in the pocket of a pair of jeans.” 21. A. surprising B. embarrassing C. frightening D. confusing 22. A. frequently B. accidentally C. nervously D. angrily 23. A. fix B. break C. sell D. clean 24. A. address B. account C. envelope D. advertisement 25. A. bar B. cover C. table D. floor 26. A. work B. apply C. survive D. debate 27. A. book B. note C. email D. poster 28. A. photos B. tickets C. brochure D. money 29. A. shocking B. alarming C. heartwarming D. amusing 30. A. donating B. stealing C. repairing D. receiving 【答案】 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是Lynora在二手商店偶然发现一个Coach包，包里装有300美元和一张手写便条，便条讲述了包的原主人Martha在化疗期间与包相伴的故事，现在她战胜了癌症，将包传递下去，希望给新主人带来同样的勇气，Lynora深受感动，决定也传递这份善意。 21. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lynora分享了一段令人惊讶的经历。A. surprising令人惊讶的；B. embarrassing令人尴尬的；C. frightening令人害怕的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据下文的“While shopping at Goodwill — a charity second-hand store, she ___22___ discovered a Coach bag in good condition — and for a steal of a price.”和“I paid $6.99 for it!”以及“The woman found $300 inside it and a handwritten note on the ___25___”可知，Lynora在二手商店仅花6.99美元就买了一个偶然发现的状况良好的Coach包，并发现里面有钱和信，这应是一段“令人惊讶的”经历。故选A项。 22. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在一家名为Goodwill的慈善二手商店购物时，她偶然发现了一个状况良好的Coach包，而且价格非常便宜。A. frequently频繁地；B. accidentally偶然地，意外地；C. nervously紧张地；D. angrily生气地。根据上文的“Whether it was luck or pure chance, sometimes the most unexpected things happen.”和“While shopping at Goodwill — a charity second-hand store”以及下文的“discovered a Coach bag in good condition — and for a steal of a price.”可知，Lynora在二手商店购物时，“偶然地，意外地”发现了这个包。故选B项。 23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位女士提到：“我花了6.99美元买的！”并补充解释说：“我想把它清理一下。我先把包的盖子取下来，然后发现了一个信封。”A. fix修理；B. break打破；C. sell卖；D. clean清理。根据下文的“I started by removing the flap(盖子) of the purse”可知，Lynora买下包后，首先拆除了包的盖子，目的应是想“清理”一下这个包。故选D项。 24. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. address地址；B. account账户；C. envelope信封；D. advertisement广告。根据下文的“The woman found 300 inside it and a handwritten note on the ___25___.”以及“the purchaser of the bag to use the ___28___ inside the envelope”可知，Lynora在包里发现了一个装有300美元和一张手写便条的“信封”。故选C项。 25. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她发现里面有300美元和一封写在信封上的手写便条。A. bar酒吧；B. cover封面；C. table桌子；D. floor地板。根据上文的“a handwritten note”和下文的“She read the note which was from a woman named Martha.”可知，Lynora在信封里发现了300美元，在信封的“封面”上发现了一张来自Martha的手写便条。故选B项。 26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是我答应为我的孩子们活下去的那天买的。A. work工作；B. apply申请；C. survive存活；D. debate辩论。根据下文的“Every stitch reminded me to fight harder.”以及“Now that I’ve beaten cancer”可知，Martha在化疗期间买下了这个包，包上的每一针都提醒她要更努力地战斗，现在她已经战胜了癌症，所以此处指她是在发誓为了孩子而努力“存活下去”的那天买下了这个包。故选C项。 27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：便条的最后写道：“既然我已经战胜了癌症，我就要把这份勇气传递下去。愿它能给新的拥有者带来和给我一样的勇气。”A. book书；B. note便条；C. email电子邮件；D. poster海报。根据上文的“a handwritten note”和“She read the note which was from a woman named Martha.”可知，Lynora在信封的封面上发现了一张来自Martha的手写“便条”，便条讲述了Martha在化疗期间与包相伴的故事，现在她战胜了癌症，决定将包传递下去。故选B项。 28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她还鼓励购买这个包的人用信封里的钱去买一个新包。A. photos照片；B. tickets票；C. brochure小册子；D. money钱。根据上文的“The woman found $300 inside it”可知，信封里装有300美元，Martha鼓励购买这个包的人用信封里的“钱”去买一个新包。故选D项。 29. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lynora被这位女士的暖心举动感动了。A. shocking令人震惊的；B. alarming令人担忧的；C. heartwarming暖心的；D. amusing有趣的。根据上文的“Now that I’ve beaten cancer, I’m passing it forward. May it give its new owner the same courage it gave me.”可知，Martha在战胜癌症后，将这个包传递下去，希望它能给新主人带来同样的勇气，这是一个“暖心的”举动。故选C项。 30. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我刚从Goodwill捐赠了一堆东西回来。你知道吗，我在一条牛仔裤的口袋里放了100美元。”A. donating捐赠；B. stealing偷；C. repairing修理；D. receiving接收。根据下文的“And you know what, I put $100 in the pocket of a pair of jeans.”可知，此处指Lynora效仿Martha的善举，在“捐赠”的一对牛仔裤的口袋里放了100美元。故选A项。 三、语法填空 (2026届广东省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语模拟卷(一))The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a hot tourist attraction. Built in 1420, the palace recorded lives of important people through various relics and documents. The Forbidden City made a two-day broadcast 31 (celebrate) its 600th birthday in April, 2020. The museum can provide a large amount of 32 (value) material for today’s historical research, as well as inspiration for literature and entertainment. In addition 33 a look at the history, the Forbidden City is also creative in terms of marketing. Over the last decade, the museum 34 (produce) more than 10,000 cultural products featuring the imperial(皇家的) palace and 35 (it) exhibits(展品), from fans, notebooks to apps and cosmetics(化妆品). The most popular products are the ones that feature the royal cats. The cat products are 36 (real) inspired by the cats who call the Forbidden City home. More than 200 cats are living in the palace where they are being well 37 (care) for. These small cute animals often walk around freely and pose cutely to make 38 (visit) laugh, who sometimes can play with them. “The real reason 39 the Palace Museum has become so popular among people is that it keeps the right balance(平衡) among preserving(保留) history, sharing knowledge, and providing interesting interactive shows,” Shan Jixiang, former director and curator(馆长) of 40 museum, told China Daily. 【答案】 31. to celebrate 32. valuable 33. to 34. has produced 35. its 36. really 37. cared 38. visitors 39. why 40. the 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了故宫博物院的历史、文化价值以及在市场营销方面的创意。 31. 考查非谓语动词。句意：2020年4月，故宫博物院为庆祝其600岁生日进行了为期两天的直播。本句谓语为made，此处为非谓语动词，作目的状语，用celebrate“庆祝”的不定式，故填to celebrate。 32. 考查形容词。句意：博物馆可以为今天的历史研究提供大量有价值的材料，也可以为文学和娱乐提供灵感。本空修饰名词material，作定语，用形容词valuable“有价值的”，故填valuable。 33. 考查固定短语。句意：除了了解历史，故宫在营销方面也很有创意。in addition to“除了……之外(还有)”，是固定短语，故填to。 34. 考查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，博物馆已经制作了1万多种以故宫及其展品为特色的文化产品，从扇子、笔记本到应用程序和化妆品。根据时间状语Over the last decade可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语the museum是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has produced。 35. 考查代词。句意同上。本空修饰名词exhibits，用形容词性物主代词its“它的”，故填its。 36. 考查副词。句意：这些猫产品真的是受到那些以故宫为家的猫的启发。本空修饰动词inspired，作状语，用副词really“真正地”，故填really。 37. 考查语态。句意：200多只猫生活在宫殿里，在那里它们得到了很好的照顾。本空在where引导的定语从句中作谓语，cats和care“照顾”之间是被动关系，本空用过去分词，与空前的are构成一般过去时，故填cared。 38. 考查名词。句意：这些可爱的小动物经常自由自在地走来走去，摆出可爱的姿势逗游客发笑，游客有时还可以和它们一起玩。本空作make的宾语，表示“游客”，用名词visitor，此处指不止一个游客，用名词复数，故填visitors。 39. 考查定语从句。句意：故宫博物院前馆长单霁翔在接受《中国日报》采访时表示：“故宫博物院之所以如此受欢迎，是因为它在保存历史、分享知识和提供有趣的互动展示之间保持了适当的平衡。”本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，关系词代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，用关系副词why引导，故填why。 40. 考查冠词。句意同上。本空特指上文提到的the Palace Museum，用定冠词the修饰，故填the。 四、应用文写作 (2025年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题)最近，全国各地掀起了学习使用DeepSeek的热潮，也引发了如何引导高中生正确使用DeepSeek的思考。假如你是李华，请你用英文写一封希望加入DeepSeek学习应用兴趣小组的申请信，要点如下表： 姓名 Li Hua 学校/年级 No. 9 Middle School/ Grade 2 电话 0731-88635866 邮箱 108633635@qq.com 爱好 explore AI tools like DeepSeek 原因或目的 1. solve math problems and design study plans 2. better understand AI’s role in education and address misuse risks 想法和建议 1. teach responsible AI usage 2. push for school guidelines limiting AI to hard tasks 3. create posters showing balanced AI benefits and risks 空闲时间 every Sunday 1.词数80左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Chairman, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Chairman, 　　I am Li Hua, a Grade 2 student from No. 9 Middle School. I am writing to apply to join the DeepSeek learning interest group. 　　I enjoy exploring AI tools like DeepSeek to solve math problems and design study plans. I want to better understand AI’s role in education and address misuse risks. I suggest we teach responsible AI usage, push for school guidelines limiting AI to hard tasks, and create posters showing balanced AI benefits and risks. I am free every Sunday. My phone number is 0731-88635866 and my email is 108633635@qq.com. 　　Thank you for considering my application. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　                                                         Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。 要求考生写一封申请信，申请加入DeepSeek学习应用兴趣小组。 【详解】 1.词汇积累 解决：solve → address/resolve/settle 建议：suggest → propose/advise 空闲的：free → available 考虑：consider → take…into account/consideration 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Thank you for considering my application. 拓展句：I would appreciate it if you could consider my application. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】I enjoy exploring AI tools like DeepSeek to solve math problems and design study plans.(运用了动名词短语作宾语和动词不定式短语作目的状语) 【高分句型2】I suggest we teach responsible AI usage, push for school guidelines limiting AI to hard tasks, and create posters showing balanced AI benefits and risks(运用了省略that的宾语从句和虚拟语气) / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $