专题04 动词和动词短语（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，江苏专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题04 动词和动词短语 ( 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 动词的分类 (一)系动词 表示状态 am, is, are，was, were 表示感官 feel摸起来，look看起来，smell闻起来，sound听起来，taste尝起来 表示变化 become变得，go变得，run变得，fall变得，grow逐渐变得，turn变得： 表示终止 prove证实，turn out变成 表示持续 keep保持，stay保持，remain保持不变，stand处于,prove 证明 易错提醒： 1. 有些单词一词多义，在作系动词时，要跟形容词作表语；但同一词形如果作实义动词用，意思变化，且用副词修饰。系动词有时态的变化，不能用于被动语态。 2. 区分系动词和实义动词：很多系动词(如 feel, look, smell, taste, turn, grow, prove)本身也可以是实义动词(表示具体动作)。关键在于它们后面接什么以及表达什么含义。 系动词用法：后接表语(形容词/名词等)，描述主语状态。 实义动词用法：后接宾语(名词/代词)或副词，表示具体动作。 3. 表语是形容词，不是副词：系动词后描述主语状态特征的是形容词，不是修饰动词的副词。 (二) 实义动词 根据其在句子中是否需要跟宾语，分为及物动词和不及物动词。 1. 及物动词后必须跟宾语(可以是名词、代词、动名词等)，否则句子不完整。 ①动词+宾语 如: I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。 ②动词+宾语+宾补 如: We call the bird Polly. 我们叫那只鸟波莉。 I saw the children play in the park yesterday. 昨天我看见这些孩子们在公园玩。 [易错提示]带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make, let, have, see, watch, notice, hear等。 ③动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 Please pass me the salt. 请把盐递给我。 [易错提示]常见带双宾语的动词有:give, bring, buy, get, lend, make, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, read等。 ④be+过去分词 This bridge was built by the workers in 2010. 这座桥是工人们在 2010 年建造的。 2. 不及物动词 ①不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语，也不能用于被动语态。 They swam in the lake every summer when young. 他们年轻时每年夏天都在湖里游泳。 ②有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。 She runs a small café near the park. 她在公园附近经营一家小咖啡馆。 He runs five kilometers every morning. 他每天早上跑五公里。 ③不及物动词与介词、副词连用构成动词短语。 We waited for the train at the station for hours. 我们在车站等火车等了好几个小时。 The old car broke down on the way to work. 那辆旧车在上班路上抛锚了。 They ran out of fuel in the middle of the desert. 他们在沙漠中耗尽了燃料。 根据其在句子中动作延续性，分为延续性动词和非延续动词。 1. 延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,如live, stay, study, work, keep, teach等可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 You can keep the book for two weeks. 你可以借用这本书两周。 We have lived in China since 2001. 自从2001年以来,我们一直住在中国。 2.非延续性动词又叫瞬间动词，不能与表示时间段的状语连用，只能与表示时间点的状语，如yesterday搭配，强调动作发生的瞬间。如buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, go, come, catch等。 He joined the army in 2020. 他2020年参军了。 I borrowed this book from the library yesterday. 我昨天从图书馆借了这本书。 【归纳】非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他词代替。 leave→be away离开; borrow→keep借; buy→have买; begin→be on开始/上演; die→be dead去世; finish→be over结束/完成; join→be in…参加； marry→ be married结婚； fall ill→be ill生病； get up→be up起床； lose one's work→be out of work失业； come here→be here来这里； go there→be there去那里； become→be成为； come back→be back回来； fall asleep→be asleep睡着； wake up→be awake醒； leave→be away from离开； get to know→know认识； put on→wear穿上； I have had this dictionary for three months. 我买这本词典已经三个月了。 I have kept the magazine for two weeks. 我借这本杂志已经两个星期了。 Hurry up! The film has been on for five minutes. 赶快！电影已经开始五分钟了。 He has been up for an hour, but hasn’t washed his face yet. 他起床有一小时了，但还没有洗脸。 (三) 情态动词 1. 情态动词的用法 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could ①can表示现在具有某种能力或技能，意为“能，会” ②could表示过去一般性能力 ③表示请求允许。在一般疑问句中，could 可代替can，但语气更委婉，答语要用can ④用于固定句型中：can't…too/enough(无论……也不为过)；can't help doing sth.(禁不住做某事)；can't help but do sth.(不得不做某事)；can not/could not but do sth.(不得不做某事) ①Tom can speak English. ②Tom could sing English songs when he was 6. ③—Can/Could you help me？ —Yes，I can. ④I can't praise him too much. I couldn't but give it up. may/might ①may表示请求或允许，“可以”。might表示请求时语气更为委婉。might是may的过去式，常用于间接引语 ②may、might表示推测，用于肯定句，“可能”；用于否定句，may not“可能不”；表“不可能”，用can't ③may表祝愿，其结构为：May＋主语＋do ④固定句型：may/might as well do(不妨，还是做……为好)；may/might well do＝be very likely to do(很有可能做……) ①May I help you？ She said I might visit her at any time. ②This coat may be Tom's. This coat may not be Tom's. This coat can't be Tom's. ③May you succeed！ ④So you might as well go there and have a look at it. must ①表必要性，“必须”，否定式为needn't/don't have to ②mustn't 表禁止，“不准” ③表坚持，“偏要，非要” ④表推断，用于肯定句，“一定，准是” ①—Must I come before 8:00 a.m.? —Yes, you must./No，you needn't./No，you don't have to. ②You mustn't smoke here. ③Must you say like this？ ④You must be tired after such a long walk. shall ①表示征求对方意见或请求，用于第一、三人称的疑问句中 ②用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者的意志，用来表示说话者给对方的命令、警告、允诺等。在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，“应该，必须” ①Shall I go now？ ②You shall have a bicycle for your birthday. Every student shall obey these rules. should ①相当于ought to，“应该”，表义务上的应该，也可表推测上的“按说应该” ②“竟然”，表说话人的惊讶、难以置信等情绪 ③用作shall 的过去式，表示打算或期望做的事 ①You should turn in your homework on time. He should be arrive by now. ②It's strange that he should fail the exam. ③I knew that we should have a meeting the next day. will/would ①用于各种人称，表示主语的意愿和意志 ②用于第二人称的一般疑问句，表请求 ③will用来叙述目前的习惯；would表示过去的习惯 ①He will come to help you. ②Will/Would you go with me？ ③He would stay up late into the night. need/dare ①need和dare用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词要用动词原形 ②need和dare用作实义动词时，后接动词要用不定式，有人称和数的变化，在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中都可以使用，并且need作实义动词“需要”解释，后接动名词相当于不定式的被动式 ①He needn't do it. ②He doesn't need to do it. should/ ought to 1、表示道义上的责任，义务或要求，有时表示劝告。ought to否定式为ought not to /oughtn’t to。 2. 表示推测和可能性，是“应该”之意。 表示对现在和将来的推测。 3、“should/ought to have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测，“应该已经”。有时表“本应该”的意思；“should not/ought not to have+过去分词”表示“本不该”的意思。 4、表示讲话人惊奇，失望，愤怒等感情： It’s strange that he should have lost his temper. 真奇怪，他竟然发脾气。 2. “情态动词＋现在完成时”的用法 形式 含义 例句 can/could have done 本来能够做；过去可能会做 Can he have finished the work？ We could have started a little earlier. must have done 推测某事必定已经发生 It must have rained last night，for the road is so muddy. may/might have done 也许、或许已经做了(might语气更弱) You may have narrowly missed her on your way here. should/ought to have done 本应该做而实际上没做 You should/ought to have finished the exercise more carefully. needn't have done 本不必做而做了 There was plenty of time.She needn't have hurried. (四)助动词 ①助动词be(am, is, are, was, were)的用法 助动词be+现在分词，构成进行时态；助动词be+过去分词，构成被动语态；助动词be+动词不定式，表示根据安排要发生的事情。 I was cooking dinner when the phone rang. 电话响时我正在做晚饭。 The problem was solved by the team yesterday. 问题昨天被团队解决了。 The project is to be completed by the end of the month. 项目须在月底前完成。 ②助动词have (has, had) 的用法 have +过去分词，构成完成时态； have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时； have+动词不定式，表示因客观环境而不得不做的事情。 He had studied English before moving to the US. 他去美国前就已经学过英语了。 He has been working on this book since last year. 他从去年开始一直在写这本书。 They had to walk home because the last bus had left. 末班车走了，他们不得不走路回家。 ③助动词do (does, did) 的用法 助动词do (does, did)可以协助构成一般疑问句、否定句、倒装句、代动词。 Did they finish the project before the deadline? 他们在截止日前完成项目了吗？ I don’t want to eat fast food tonight. 我今晚不想吃快餐。 Seldom does he go to bed before midnight. 他很少在午夜前睡觉。 He didn’t finish the task, but she did. 他没完成任务，但她完成了。 ④助动词shall/ will的用法 shall构成一般将来时，should构成过去将来时，用于第一人称，后接动词原形；will构成一般将来时，would构成过去将来时，用于第二、三人称，后接动词原形。 We shall start the journey at dawn tomorrow. 我们明天黎明将启程。 She will perform on stage at the concert tonight. 她今晚将在音乐会上登台表演。 They believed she would win the competition easily. 他们相信她会轻松赢得比赛。 考点二 动词的构词法 (一) 动词前缀 pre-表示“前, 在……之前, 预先” preview预演;predict预言 en-表示“使, 使成为, 使处于⋯⋯状态” enlarge 扩大;encourage 鼓励;enrich 使丰富;enable 使能够 dis- 表示“否定,相反,不” disagree 不同意;dislike 不喜欢。还可表示“取消,除去,剥夺;分离,分开”,discourage 使泄气;discount打折扣;discover发现。 (二) 动词后缀 -ize/-ise表示“变成,使⋯⋯化,以⋯⋯方式说” modernize使现代化;memorize 记住, 背诵。 apology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调memory→memorize记住real→realize认识到；实现modern→modernize使现代化 -en表示“使成为,变得,使有” quicken加快,加速;weaken削弱,(使)变弱。 broad→broaden使变宽ripe→ripen使成熟sharp→sharpen使尖锐wide→widen加宽short→shorten变短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使变暗hard→harden使变硬soft→soften使缓和；使变柔软damp→dampen抑制；使潮湿fright→frighten使害怕threat→threaten威胁 -ify 表示“使……化” beautiful美化;purify使洁净;simplify简化。class→classify把……分类just→justify证明……正确simple→simplify简化beauty→beautify美化identity→identify识别quality→qualify使具有资格。 考点三 动词短语归纳 动词+副词 blow up 炸毁 break in 打断 break out爆发 bring up 抚养 carry out执行 find out 查出 give in 屈服 give up 放弃 go ahead前进;去做 go back 回去 go on 继续 hand in 上交 make out 认出 make up 构成 pick out挑选出来 point out 指出 put aside 把······放在一边 put away把……收起 put down放下;写下 put forward 提出 put on 穿上;上演 ring up 打电话 run away 逃离 set aside 留出 set up 搭起,建起 take in 吸收;欺骗 take off脱下 think over 认真思考 throw away 扔掉 动词+介词 account for 解释 apply for 申请 approve of赞成;同意 arrive at/in 到达 ask for 请求 attend to 照料 begin with 以……开始 believe in 信任 break into 破门而入 break through 突破 care about 关心 care for 喜欢 cater for迎合;满足 consist of由…组成 come across 偶然碰到 complain of/about 抱怨 deal with 对付,处理 depend on 依靠 die from 死于 dream of/about 梦到 get off 下车 listen to 听 look after 照顾 look at 看 look into 调查operate on 为……动手术 object to 反对 think of 考虑 work on 从事 go over 复习 go through 从……穿过 动词+副词+介词 add up to 总计为,总共是 break away from脱离;逃脱 catch up with 赶上;达到 come up to 达到 come up with 提出 cut down on 削减 date back to 追溯到 do away with 废除 drop out of退出 face up to 敢于面对 get along/on with 与……和睦相处;进展get away with 偷走 get down to 开始认真从事go in for 参加考试(或竞赛) go on with 继续 hold on to 抓住 keep away from 远离 keep out of 避免 keep up with 跟上 live up to 不负于,符合 look down on/upon 轻视 look forward to 盼望 look up to 尊敬 make up for 补偿 put up with 忍受 run out of 用光 watch out for 留意 动词+名词+介词 catch hold of 抓住 catch sight of 看见draw one’s attention to 吸引某人对……的注意 find fault with 挑……的毛病give voice to 表达对………的想法give rise to 引起 keep an eye on 留意 keep pace with 赶上 lose sight of 看不见 make a fool of 愚弄 make friends with 与………交朋友 make fun of 取笑 make mention of 提到 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意 put an end to 结束 set fire to 放火烧 set foot on 进入,参观 show interest in对……表现出兴趣take advantage of利用 take care of 照顾 take hold of 抓住 take notice of 注意到 take part in 参加 take pride in 以…自豪 take the place of 代替 turn a deaf ear to 对………充耳不闻 take account of考虑到 动词+名词 keep watch 放哨 take place 发生take aim 瞄准 play truant逃学 动词+介词+名词 bring…to an end 使……结束 bring…under control 使……在掌控下 have. .. in mind 记住…… keep…in mind 牢记…… learn…by heart 背熟…… put…into effect使……生效 burst into tears 突然大哭起来 come into being 形成 come to power 开始执政 come into use 开始使用 come into effect 生效 put on weight长胖;发福 考点一：系动词和助动词 例1. These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants. 【答案】closed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。 例2. The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 【答案】felt 【解析】考查时态。句意：当我跳进游泳池晨练时，水感觉很凉。根据句意和句中“jumped”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“feel”意为“感觉”，为感官动词，用主动形式表示被动含义，“feel”的过去式为“felt”。故填felt。 例3. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and (prove)extremely popular with the public. 【答案】proved 【解析】考查系动词。句意：它有刷成白色的管道和亮红色的车厢，证明是在大众中特别受欢迎的。根据空格后面的形容词popular和给出的提示词，可知此处prove作系动词，“证明是、原来是、结果是”，根据前句时态一般过去时，故填proved。 单句语法填空 1. The young man performed as if he ________(be) a woman on the stage. 【答案】were 【解析】考查谓语。句意：那位男人在舞台上表现的好像是一个女人一样。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“as if”引导的方式状语从句的虚拟语气结构，从句谓语跟主句谓语“performed”是同时发生，要用一般过去式的形式，be动词要用were。故填were。 2. I lock the door yesterday afternoon when I left the office; but it is still open. 【答案】did 【解析】考查助动词。句意：昨天下午我离开办公室时确实锁门了；但它现在仍然是开放的。分析句子结构可知，此处应填did，为助动词，用于对过去发生的动作lock进行强调，加强语气，意为“确实、的确”。故填did。 3. Not only he speak correctly, but he also speaks easily. 【答案】does 【解析】考查倒装。句意：他不仅讲得正确，而且讲得轻松自如。否定词not置于句首，句子应该用部分倒装，谓语动词是实义动词speak，且主语是he，应该用助动词does构成倒装。故填does。 4. How long you suppose it is since he arrived and began to work here? 【答案】do 【解析】考查助动词。句意：你认为他到这里来工作有多久了？句子是特殊疑问句，应该用“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”；根据下文的is可知， 应该用一般现在时；主语是you，应该助动词用do构成疑问句。故填do。 5. No sooner he arrived at the station than his friend left by train. 【答案】had 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他刚到车站，他的朋友就坐火车走了。no sooner…than…为固定句型，意为“一……就……”，no sooner后面的主句使用过去完成时，no sooner置于句首，使用部分倒装，空处需填助动词had。故填had。 考点二：情态动词 例1. It has been announced that the first to purchase goods on the opening day in the supermarket ________ get 10% off the total price. A. must B. will C. shall D. may 【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：据宣布，第一个在超市购物的人可以享受总价9折的优惠。该题考查情态动词shall的用法：shall在法律、条约、协定等文件中，表示义务、规定、承诺等。此处表示超市的“承诺”。故选C项。 例2. —Zhang Guimei has achieved so much in her career as a teacher and principal. —Yes, she ________ a lot of difficulties to make such great achievements. A. would have gone through B. must have gone through C. should have gone through D. could have gone through 【答案】B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——为一名教师和校长，张桂梅在她的职业生涯中取得了很多成就。 ——是的，她一定经历了很多困难才取得了如此伟大的成就。 此处表示对过去的肯定的推测，意义为“一定”，应该用must have done结构。故填B项。 例3. Mary _______ be in Beijing, for I saw her in town just now. A. mustn’t B. would not C. can’t D. may not 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：玛丽不可能在北京，因为我刚才在镇上看到她了。A. mustn’t禁止；B. would not不会；C. can’t不可能；D. may not可能不。根据“for I saw her in town just now(因为我刚才在镇上看到她了)”可知，有确切的证据表明玛丽现在不在北京，“can’t”用于否定推测，意思是“不可能”，符合语境。故选C项。 单项选择 1. Any individual who intends to ______ a medical career ______, in accordance with established regulations, complete the necessary training and pass all required examinations before being granted the professional license. A. commence; shall B. commence; ought to C. manage; ought to D. manage; shall 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词和情态动词辨析。句意：任何打算开始医疗职业生涯的人都必须按照既定规定完成必要的培训并通过所有要求的考试，然后才能获得职业执照。选项中涉及的词汇：A. commence开始；shall必须，应该，用于第三人称表示法律、规定、命令等；manage管理；第一空，根据语意可知，此处指的是“开始医疗职业生涯”，所以应填入commence；第二空，根据语意可知，此处表示“必须按照既定规定完成必要的培训并通过所有要求的考试”，shall用于第三人称表示法律、规定、命令等，符合语境。故选A项。 2. — What about your trip to the town? — Couldn’t be worse. Stuck in the mud, the car _______ not move, however hard we pushed it. A. could B. should C. would D. might 【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——你到镇上的旅行怎么样？——糟透了。车子陷在泥里了，无论我们多用力推它，它都不动。A. could能够；B. should应该；C. would会；D. might可能。根据句意可知，句子强调了车在当时的情况下反复尝试后仍然不动，would用于指过去的否定句中，表示拒绝，或无此习惯或不可能；用于事物常表示拟人化，此处意义为“不肯；总是不”。其它选项无此用法。故选C项。 3. Don’t let Tom paint on the trousers, for it________ wash out. A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. won’t 【答案】D 【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：不要让汤姆在裤子上画画，因为它洗不掉。A. mustn’t禁止；B. shouldn’t不应该；C. can’t不能；D. won’t不会。根据句意可知，此处表示“它不会被洗掉”，will在此处表示的是在某种情况下真实或可能的事，can’t表示的是做某事的能力，不合语境，故选D。 4. —How about the meals during your exchange visit? —Well, it ____________ worse. A. couldn’t have been B. couldn’t be C. might not have been D. might not be 【答案】A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——你们交流访问期间的饭菜怎么样？  ——太糟糕了。根据句意以及“during your exchange visit”可知，此处表达的是对过去情况的否定推测，结合空后的worse可知，该句表达的是最高级的意义，应用couldn’t have done表示。故选A项。 5. I __________ myself more — It was a perfect day. A. couldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed C. shouldn’t have enjoyed D. mustn’t have enjoyed 【答案】A 【解析】考查情态动词+have done的用法。句意：我玩得很开心——这是完美的一天。A. couldn’t have enjoyed不可能开心； B. needn’t have enjoyed本不必开心；C. shouldn’t have enjoyed本不应该开心；D. mustn’t have enjoyed一定不可能开心。下文“It was a perfect day.”可知，我很开心，not与比较级连用表示最高级，couldn’t have enjoyed myself more，意为“从未比这更高兴过”，故选A。 考点三：动词词缀 例1. Don’t put your prices too high or you’ll (fright) the customers away. 【答案】frighten 【详解】考查动词。句意：别把价格定得太高，否则你会吓跑顾客的。空前有助动词will，所以空处应用动词原形。frighten意为“使惊吓”，frighten away表示“把……吓跑”。故填frighten。 例2. The boy can (memory) the data easily. 【答案】memorize 【详解】考查动词。句意：这个男孩能很容易地记住这些数据。根据空前的can可知，空处应用动词原形。memorize意为“记忆，记住”，为及物动词。故填memorize。 例3. Being exposed to English frequently (able) us to have a good knowledge of this language. 【答案】enables 【详解】考查动词、时态和主谓一致。句意：频繁接触英语能够使我们更好地掌握这门语言。空处作句子的谓语，应用动词。enable意为“使能够”，为及物动词。本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语Being exposed to English frequently为动名词短语，所以谓语用单数。故填enables。 单句语法填空 1. Don’t worry. I can (defense) myself from my enemies. 【答案】defend 【详解】考查动词。句意：别担心。我可以保护自己免受敌人的攻击。空前有情态动词can，所以空处应用动词原形。defend意为“保卫”，为及物动词。defend sb. from...意为“保护某人免受……”。故填defend。 2. This incident has (sharp) public awareness of the economic crisis. 【答案】sharpened 【详解】考查动词。句意：这一事件提高了公众对经济危机的认识。根据空后的名词短语public awareness可知，空处应用及物动词。sharpen意为“(使)加强，(使)提高”，为及物动词。空前有助动词has，所以空处应用过去分词，构成现在完成时。故填sharpened。 3. Don’t put your prices too high or you’ll (fright) the customers away. 【答案】frighten 【详解】考查动词。句意：别把价格定得太高，否则你会吓跑顾客的。空前有助动词will，所以空处应用动词原形。frighten意为“使惊吓”，frighten away表示“把……吓跑”。故填frighten。 4. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查动词用法。结合语境空白处需要一个动词。strength是名词，其动词是strengthen，表示“加强”。故填strengthen。 5. Many students like to spend time (memory) English vocabulary. 【答案】memorizing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：许多学生喜欢花时间记忆英语词汇。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定表达，意为“花费时间做某事”，memory对应的动词是memorize。要把memorize变为 -ing 形式memorizing。故填memorizing。 考点四：动词短语 例1. During the meeting, she decided to ________ the issue of budget cuts, as it was crucial for future planning. A. take in B. bring up C. break down D. keep off 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：会议期间，她决定提出削减预算的问题，因为这对未来的规划至关重要。A. take in吸收；B. bring up提出；C. break down分解；D. keep off远离。由“the issue of budget cuts, as it was crucial for future planning”可知，句子表示“会议期间，她决定提出削减预算的问题，因为这对未来的规划至关重要”，空格处意为“提出”。故选B。 例2. How could you _______ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months? A. give off B. break in C. turn down D. take away 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你失业了几个月，怎么能拒绝这样一份好工作呢？A. give off发出，散发出；B. break in闯入，打断；C. turn down拒绝，调低；D. take away拿走，带走。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表示拒绝一份好工作，应用turn down表示拒绝。故选C。 例3. To maintain a healthy lifestyle, doctors advise people to ______ high-sugar foods and drinks as much as possible. A. take in B. bring up C. break down D. keep off 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了保持健康的生活方式，医生建议人们尽可能远离高糖食品和饮料。A. take in吸收；B. bring up提出；C. break down分解；D. keep off远离。根据句意，此处说的是“远离高糖食品和饮料”，应该用动词短语keep off表示。故选D项。 单项选择 1. Caroline doesn't have a natural talent for music but she _________ it with hard work. A. lives up to B. makes up for C. reaches out to D. looks out for 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：卡洛琳没有音乐天赋，但她通过努力学习弥补了这一缺陷。A.lives up to不辜负；B.makes up for弥补；C.reaches out to联系；D.looks out for留意。根据“Caroline doesn't have a natural talent for music”及“hard work”可知，她通过努力学习弥补了这一缺陷。故选B。 2. The new model electric car should _________ many safety tests before it is released to the public. A. turn out B. bring about C. go through D. set up 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：新款电动汽车在向公众发布之前应该经过许多安全测试。A. turn out结果是；B. bring about引起；C. go through通过；D. set up建立。新型电动汽车在正式上市之前应该通过多次安全测试。故选C项。 3. We are determined that our teacher training programs should ________ current developments in the field of education. A. catch sight of B. make room for C. take pride in D. keep pace with 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们决心我们的教师培训计划应该跟上当前教育领域的发展。A. catch sight of看见；B. make room for为……腾出空间；C. take pride in以……为骄傲；D. keep pace with与……保持同步；跟上……。由上文“our teacher training programs should”和下文“current developments in the field of education.”可知，教师培训计划应该跟上当前教育领域的发展，“跟上”为动词短语keep pace with，故选D。 4. ________a small amount of money each month is widely recognized as a good habit for personal finance management. A. Picking out B. Putting aside C. Giving away D. Getting back 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：每月存一点钱被广泛认为是个人理财的好习惯。A. Picking out 挑选出；B. Putting aside 存储；C. Giving away 捐赠；D. Getting back 回来。根据“is widely recognized as a good habit for personal finance management”可知，存钱理财是好习惯。故选 B。 5. I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some. A. made up for B. run out of C. kept away from D. got down to 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。A. made up for弥补；B. run out of用完，用尽；C. kept away from远离，回避；D. got down to开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。 一、单项选择 1. The weather report says the rain will ________ until the end of next week. A. keep B. stay C. last D. move 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：天气预报说雨将持续到下周末。A.keep保持；B.stay停留；保持；C.last持续；D.move移动。根据“until the end of next week.”可知，天气预报说雨将持续到下周末。故选C项。 2. Would you please________ Kate________ my best wishes to everybody ? A. tell ; give B. telling ;giving C. tell ;to give D. say; gives 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词。句意：你能告诉凯特向大家致以我最好的祝福吗？ Would you please do sth.？“请你做某事可以吗？”是固定句型，tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”，综上，故选C。 3. With great efforts of the peace-loving people all over the world, people of the country____ the war. A. survived B. survived from C. survival D. survived to 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词(短语)词义辨析。句意：在全球爱好和平的人们努力下，这个国家的人们幸免于战争之苦。A. survived幸存，幸免于难；B. survived from从……存活下来；C. survival生存，存活；D. survived to活到。分析可知，所选词应是动词担当句子的谓语，结合空后的“the war”可知，应是表达“在战争中幸免于难”，选项A“survived”可表达“幸存，幸免于难，艰难度过”含义，且为及物动词，可直接接名词作宾语，之后无需介词。故选A项。 4. A number of traditions ________ celebrated in China during the Spring Festival every year. A. is B. was C. are D. were 【答案】C 【详解】考查be动词。句意：中国每年春节都要庆祝许多传统。分析可知，a number of 是许多的意思，作主语，谓语动词用复数。再因表示陈述一般事实情况用一般现在时，故应该are，故选C。 5. It was a pity that he __ blind, but to the joy of his family, his dream of becoming a musician _____ true at last. A. came; came B. went; went C. came; went D. went; came 【答案】D 【详解】考查连系动词。句意：真遗憾他失明了，但是使他的家人高兴的是，他成为音乐家的梦想最终成为现实了。第一空填went，go这里是连系动词，后面接形容词，表示情况由好变坏。go blind失明，第二空填came，也是连系动词，come true成为现实。选D。 6. The bill ________ data-privacy standards across the EU, and tech companies ________ that compliance costs will soar. A. concerns about; deeply concern B. concerns; are deeply concerned C. concerns that; are deeply concerned about D. is concerned about; are deeply concerned 【答案】B 【详解】考查concern用法。句意：该法案涉及欧盟范围内的数据隐私标准，科技公司则深切担忧合规成本将会飙升。分析句子可知，第一空应填及物动词concerns，表“涉及；关于”，主语通常是物(如法案、文件、问题等)，直接接宾语；第二空考查be concerned about，意为“担忧；关心”，主语通常是人或组织，concerned在此处为形容词，表“担忧的”。故选B项。 7. This kind of cloth ______ well and ______ long. A. washes; is lasted B. is washed; lasting C. washes; lasts D. is washing; lasting 【答案】C 【详解】考查主动表被动词。句意：这种布料洗涤效果好，而且耐用。陈述事实用一般现在时，且wash和last此处为不及物动词，表示事物特性，用主动形式表被动意义，类似用法还有sell、write等。故选C。 8. Many students ______ the basic skills needed to solve complex math problems, which makes it difficult for them to achieve high scores. A. lack of B. are lacking of C. lack D. are lacking for 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词和固定搭配。句意：许多学生缺乏解决复杂数学问题所需的基本技能，这使得他们很难取得高分。空格处是谓语动词，所以选项中的lack是动词，动词lack是及物动词，后面可以跟名词作宾语，不与介词of搭配，排除A和B项。lack for是固定搭配，一般与否定意义的词搭配，如lack for nothing“没有欠缺”，所以排除D项。故选C项。 9. I know Sophia’s favourite star is a female singer, so it ________ be this actor. A. may not B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意：我知道索菲亚最喜欢的明星是一位女歌手，所以不可能是这位男演员。根据上文的“I know Sophia’s favourite star is a female singer”可知，索菲亚最喜欢的明星是一位女歌手，由此可知，此处需用否定推测表示“不可能”，can’t 表 “不可能”，符合事实否定语境；may not(可能不)语气弱，mustn’t(禁止)不表推测，shouldn’t(不应该)均不符合语境。故选D项。 10. Some of the apples are bad, but I believe the rest _________sweet. A. taste B. tastes C. is tasted D. are tasted 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：有些苹果坏了，但我认为剩下的苹果吃起来很甜。the rest 指代的是 “剩下的苹果”，是复数意义，谓语动词应该用复数形式，taste在此处是系动词，意为 “尝起来”，没有被动语态。故选A。 二、单句语法填空 1. It is suggested that you should practice more on daily basis to (sharp) your badminton skills. 【答案】sharpen 【详解】考查动词。句意：建议你每天多练习，提高你的羽毛球技能。根据“to + 动词原形” 构成不定式表目的的用法可知，此空应是动词原形。所给词sharp是形容词，意为“锋利的；敏锐的”。其动词形式为sharpen，意为“提高；使敏锐”。“多练习”的目的是“提高羽毛球技能”，to sharpen your badminton skills在句中作目的状语。故填sharpen。 2. Not until then he realize the importance of studying English. 【答案】did 【解析】考查时态和部分倒装。句意：直到那时他才意识到学习英语的重要性。Not until位于句首，句子用部分倒装，将情态动词、助动词或be动词置于主语之前；句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语动词为realized，部分倒装时助动词did置于主语之前，动词realize用原形，故填did。 3. Some experts think that putting a few plants together in your home can (pure) your air doesn’t have much hard science to back it up. 【答案】purify 【详解】考查动词。句意：有些专家认为，在你的家里放一些植物可以净化空气的想法并没有多少科学依据。设空处位于can后面，应填动词原形，且表示主动，故填purify。 4. Physical is important, but athletes also need to their mental resilience. (strength) 【答案】strength; strengthen 【详解】考查名词和动词。句意：体力很重要，但运动员也需要加强他们的心理韧性。第一空作主语，用名词，strength意为“体力，力量”，为不可数名词。need to do...意为“需要做……”，第二空用动词原形，strengthen意为“增强”，为及物动词。故填strength；strengthen。 5. Regular training helps athletes to high-intensity workouts, and this is key to success. (adapt) 【答案】adapt; adaptation 【详解】考查动词和名词。句意：定期训练有助于运动员适应高强度训练，而这种适应是成功的关键。help sb. do...意为“帮助某人做……”，所以第一空用动词原形，adapt意为“适应”，在这里为不及物动词，adapt to...意为“适应……”；第二空作主语，应用名词，adaptation意为“适应”，为不可数名词。故填adapt；adaptation。 6. Confucius, of Confucianism, many educational ideas that became the of Chinese culture. (foundation)   【答案】founder; founded; foundation 【详解】考查名词和非谓语动词。句意：孔子是儒家思想的创始人，他创立了许多教育思想，这些思想成为中国文化的基础。_____ of Confucianism作Confucius的同位语，所以第一空用名词founder，意为“创建者”，为可数名词，表示某种身份，所以其前省略了冠词。第二空作句子的谓语，应用动词，found意为“创立”，为及物动词，结合became可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。第三空前有the，应用名词作表语，foundation意为“基础”，为不可数名词。故填①founder②founded③foundation。 7. In ancient China, local would mooncakes with special molds, and these goods became an essential part of Mid-Autumn traditions. (bakery) 【答案】bakeries; bake; baked 【详解】考查名词的数、动词和非谓语动词。句意：在中国古代，当地的糕点店会用特殊的模具烤月饼，这些烘焙食品成为中秋传统的重要组成部分。bakery意为“面包(糕饼)店”，为可数名词，第一空作主语，且表示泛指，其前没有表示数量的限定词，所以应用名词复数bakeries。第二空位于would之后，应用动词原形，bake意为“烘烤”，为及物动词。第三空修饰goods，应用非谓语动词，且动词bake和goods之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词，作前置定语。故填bakeries；bake；baked。 8. In group study, we should avoid letting one person the discussion; instead, balanced participation helps reduce excessive and creates a more harmonious learning atmosphere without voices overshadowing others. (dominate) 【答案】dominate; dominance; dominant 【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。句意：在小组学习中，我们应该避免让一个人主导讨论；相反，平衡的参与有助于减少过度的主导地位，创造一个更和谐的学习氛围，而不会让主导声音掩盖他人的声音。let sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，所以第一空用动词原形，dominate意为“控制，支配”，为及物动词。第二空作reduce的宾语，应用名词，dominance意为“突出，支配”，为不可数名词。第三空修饰voices，用形容词作定语，dominant意为“占支配地位的”。故填dominate；dominance；dominant。 9. I rock music because I think it’s too noisy. (like) 【答案】dislike 【详解】考查动词。句意：我不喜欢摇滚乐，因为我觉得它太吵了。根据“because I think it’s too noisy”可知，主句表达的是我“不喜欢”摇滚乐。此空是谓语，所给词like的否定含义对应词为dislike ，意为“不喜欢”。陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填dislike。 10. What you usually do online? 【答案】do 【详解】考查助动词。句意：你通常在网上做什么？句子是特殊疑问句，主语you是第二人称，句中usually表明时态是一般现在时，谓语动词do是实义动词，因此需要用助动词do来构成疑问句。故填do。 一、阅读理解 A Welcome to Our New Clubs! Chinese Calligraphy Club Come and join us, boys and girls! You can enjoy the beauty of Chinese calligraphy and learn how to write Chinese characters beautifully. Ms. Zhao is waiting for you here. Time: 3:00 p.m.～5:00 p.m., Thursday Place: Room 107 Chinese Knot Club Knots can also be art. You can learn the old stories behind the knots and learn to make your own ones. The traditional red knots will bring you happiness and good luck. Time: 8:00 a.m.～10:00 a.m., Tuesday Place: Room 308 Taichi Club As an ancient form of exercise, Taichi brings peace to our mind and body with slow and quiet movements. Let’s follow Mr. Su and do it together. It will reduce the stress in your life. Time: 5:30 p.m.～6:30 p.m., from Monday to Friday Place: the Youth Square Beijing Opera Club In our club, you can learn to perform Beijing Opera and play roles from ancient times. Mr. Wu is a famous Beijing Opera performer. He gives lessons each Friday and we go to Mei Lanfang Theater to enjoy Beijing Opera shows once a month. Time: 8:00 a.m.～11:00 a.m., Friday Place: Room 105 1. Lucy can go to ________ if she wants to write beautiful Chinese characters. A. Room 105 B. Room 107 C. Room 308 D. the Youth Square 2. Red knots stand for ________ in Chinese culture. A. unhappiness B. peace C. good luck D. old stories 3. You can go to the Taichi Club ________. A. at 5:00 p.m. on Sunday B. at 10:00 a.m. on Monday C. at 8:00 a.m. on Tuesday D. at 5:30 p.m. on Friday 4. What can we learn about the Beijing Opera Club? A. Its lessons are given by Mr. Su. B. Its members meet once a month. C. Its teacher is a good performer. D. Its members perform at a theater. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了学校里的四个俱乐部的情况。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一部分“You can enjoy the beauty of Chinese calligraphy and learn how to write Chinese characters beautifully. Place: Room 107(你可以欣赏中国书法的美，并学习如何优雅地书写汉字。地点：107房间)”可知，如果露西想练写漂亮的汉字，她可以去107号房间。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二部分“The traditional red knots will bring you happiness and good luck.(传统的红色蝴蝶结会给你带来幸福和好运)”可知，在中华文化中，红绸带象征着好运。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三部分“Time: 5:30 p.m.～6:30 p.m., from Monday to Friday(时间：每周一至周五下午5:30至6:30)”可知，你可以在周五下午5点30分去太极俱乐部。故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一部分“Mr. Wu is a famous Beijing Opera performer.(吴先生是一位著名的京剧演员)”可知，京剧俱乐部的老师是一位出色的表演者。故选C。 B I will always remember my mother’s last few days in this world. On February 14th, 2000, my class went on a field trip to the beach. I had so much fun. When we returned to school, my teacher told me to go to the headmaster’s office. When I got into the office, I saw a police officer. Suddenly I knew something was wrong. The police officer told me my mother was badly ill and we went to pick my sister up. After that, we went to the hospital and waited. Time went slowly. Finally, we got to see our mother. On the next day, the headmaster came and told my two teachers what had happened. I was taking a rest that day. I knew it had something to do with my mother. I kept thinking that she either died or had gotten better. How I wished that she had gotten better. When my teacher took me outside, my sister ran up to me. She started crying, “She’s gone. Teresa, mommy’s gone. She’s dead.” I couldn’t believe it. We jumped into the car and drove straight to the hospital. Most of my family were there. The silence was terrible. I knew I had to say goodbye. Today when I look back, I still miss my mother very much, but I know that I will live. My mother was a strong mother, who had the biggest heart. My mother was an angel walking on the earth. I will always remember her as living. When someone is asked who their hero is, they usually say someone famous, like Michael Jordan or Britney Spears. When someone asks me who my hero is, I tell them, my mother. My mother lives every day. That is what makes her a true hero. 5. Where was the author when she learned her mother was very ill? A. On the beach. B. At the hospital. C. At school. D. At home. 6. Who brought the author the bad news that her mother was ill? A. Her sister. B. The headmaster. C. Her teacher. D. The police officer. 7. What did the headmaster tell the two teachers about the author on the next day? A. Her mother had been very ill. B. Her mother had been dead. C. Her mother had gotten better. D. Her mother had come to see her. 8. From the last paragraph of the text we know that ________. A. the author is afraid of her mother B. the author is proud of her mother C. the author feels sad about her mother D. the author feels sorry for her mother 【答案】5. C 6. D 7. B 8. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者回忆了母亲去世前后的经历，表达了对母亲深深的思念以及对母亲的高度赞扬。 5. 细节理解题。根据第二段“When we returned to school, my teacher told me to go to the headmaster’s office. When I got into the office, I saw a police officer. Suddenly I knew something was wrong. The police officer told me my mother was badly ill...(当我们回到学校，老师让我去校长办公室。当我走进办公室，看到一名警察。我突然意识到事情不对劲。警察告诉我母亲病得很重……)” 可知，作者得知母亲病重时是在学校。故选C。 6. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The police officer told me my mother was badly ill...(警察告诉我母亲病得很重……)” 可知，是警察带来了母亲生病的坏消息。故选D。 7. 推理判断题。根据第三段“On the next day, the headmaster came and told my two teachers what had happened. I was taking a rest that day. I knew it had something to do with my mother. I kept thinking that she either died or had gotten better. How I wished that she had gotten better. When my teacher took me outside, my sister ran up to me. She started crying, “She’s gone. Teresa, mommy’s gone. She’s dead.” I couldn’t believe it.(第二天，校长来了，把发生的事情告诉了我的两位老师。那天我正在休息。我知道这和我母亲有关。我一直在想，她要么去世了，要么病情好转了。我多么希望她病情好转了啊。当老师把我带到外面时，我妹妹朝我跑过来。她哭着说：“她走了。特蕾莎，妈妈走了。她去世了。” 我简直不敢相信)” 可以推断，校长告诉两位老师的是作者母亲去世的消息。故选B。 8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“When someone asks me who my hero is, I tell them, my mother. My mother lives every day. That is what makes her a true hero.(当有人问我心目中的英雄是谁时，我告诉他们，是我的母亲。我母亲永远活在我心中。这就是她成为真正英雄的原因)” 可知，作者认为母亲是英雄，为母亲感到骄傲。故选B。 C An innovative virtual reality (VR) sports program, using advanced artificial intelligence (AI), has shown encouraging results in fighting against teen obesity(肥胖). For eight weeks, nearly 180 overweight or obese Chinese teenagers, who were born in the digital age, took part in a virtual coaching program involving table tennis and soccer. The new VR sports initiative is part of China’s efforts to prevent teen obesity by using the most advanced AI technology. Teen obesity has become a global public health crisis. China is now prioritizing dealing with teen obesity in its public health initiatives. Faced with this challenge, some scientists are investigating whether VR technology can help digitally-native teenagers reach weight-loss goals safely and effectively. An international research team led by scientists from Shanghai Jiao Tong University developed REVERIE the world’s first intelligent VR sports interactive system. Professor Li Wei, a lead health scientist on the project, explained: “We created a transformer-based AI coach, trained using deep reinforcement learning, which provides real-time feedback and adapts to individual performance.” In the eight-week trial, participants were divided into groups engaging in either real-world sports, namely table tennis or soccer, VR-based versions of the same sports, or a control group with no additional exercise. Participants outside the control group received exercise intervention(干预) sessions three times a week, in addition to their regular physical education classes at school. Encouragingly, REVERIE has demonstrated significant potential in helping overweight and obese teens lose weight, improve cognitive (认知的) function, and maintain long-term exercise motivation. Both VR and real sports groups showed similar fat loss, with VR users experiencing additional cognitive benefits according to the study. Especially, the VR group maintained higher exercise motivation six months after the trial. Professor Chen Lin, the project’s principal investigator, emphasized, “REVERIE offers a promising solution to physical inactivity. These digital workouts can help overcome barriers like low engagement and social anxiety.” The research team plans to expand the use of VR technology to encourage healthier lifestyles among teens, supporting global health efforts to improve youth well-being. 9. What is the main purpose of the program? A. To bring attention to public health issue. B. To find out the effectiveness of VR sports. C. To explore the causes of teen overweight. D. To promote sports activities among teenagers. 10. What does REVERIE feature? A. A transformer-based AI coach. B. An instant user feedback system. C. An updated version of VR game. D. A group exercise training method. 11. What did the research results prove? A. Extra exercise is insufficient. B. VR exercise has a lasting impact. C. Regular PE classes are limited. D. Real sports can improve memory. 12. What can we infer from Professor Chen’s words? A. Teen obesity is becoming worse. B. REVERIE needs to be improved. C. REVERIE is helpful for teenagers. D. Digital workouts face many barriers. 【答案】9. B 10. A 11. B 12. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项利用虚拟现实和人工智能技术对抗青少年肥胖的创新项目REVERIE，通过八周试验证明了其在帮助青少年减肥、改善认知功能和维持运动动机方面的显著潜力。 9. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Faced with this challenge, some scientists are investigating whether VR technology can help digitally-native teenagers reach weight-loss goals safely and effectively.(面对这一挑战，一些科学家正在研究VR技术是否能帮助数字时代的青少年安全有效地实现减肥目标。)”可知，该项目的主要目的是验证VR运动的效果。故选B。 10. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“We created a transformer-based AI coach, trained using deep reinforcement learning, which provides real-time feedback and adapts to individual performance.(我们创建了一个基于Transformer架构的AI教练，通过深度强化学习训练，能够提供实时反馈并适应个人表现。)”可知，REVERIE系统的特点是基于Transformer的AI教练。故选A。 11. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Especially, the VR group maintained higher exercise motivation six months after the trial.(特别是，VR组在试验后6个月保持了更高的运动动机。)”可知，研究结果证明VR运动具有持久影响。故选B。 12. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“REVERIE offers a promising solution to physical inactivity. These digital workouts can help overcome barriers like low engagement and social anxiety.(REVERIE为缺乏运动提供了一个很有前途的解决方案。这些数字锻炼可以帮助克服低参与度和社交焦虑等障碍。)”可推断，REVERIE对青少年是有帮助的。故选C。 D Venice is no stranger to floods. The city experiences water increases from the rising tides at least four times a year, usually during winter. However, the 1.87-meter tide that swept through the city on November 12, 2019, was one of the highest ever experienced. To make matters worse, it was followed by two consecutive(持续的) water increases. The rapid series of high tides covered over 80 percent of the city of canals, causing widespread destruction(破坏) to museums, homes, and businesses. Though difficult, it is always important to find a silver lining(困境中的一线希望) after such events. In Venice, it has come in the form of the “Angels of the Salt”—hundreds of youth volunteers who have arrived in the beautiful city to help with the clean-up efforts. Piero Risica said, “When we saw the historic flooding on Tuesday night, we immediately started to gather volunteers to help the city. The first day we were 200 in the Telegram group and on the ground. Yesterday 550, and today more than 1,700.” In addition to helping drain(排空) the flood waters from residences and businesses, the young volunteers are also collecting the garbage and water-damaged devices and taking them to recycling centers. What makes Venetians annoyed is that the destruction could have been avoided if the Moveable Barrier System (MOSE) had been in place. The project to place moveable floodgates that would stop the high tides from covering the city has been under construction since 2003, and has already cost $5 billion. However, it is nowhere close to completion. 13. When is it easy for Venice to experience rising tides? A. In spring. B. In summer. C. In winter. 14. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2? A. To tell us the influence of high tides. B. To warn the danger of living in Venice. C. To compare the differences of past tides. 15. What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A. Angels of the Salt is famous in Italy. B. Angels of the Salt is in charge of rescue. C. Volunteers take an active part in the action to help Venice. 16. What makes Venetians dissatisfied? A. The unfinished MOSE. B. The destruction of MOSE. C. The waste of a lot of money. 【答案】13. C 14. A 15. C 16. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了2019年11月12日威尼斯遭受了前所未有的高水位侵袭，导致了巨大的破坏。 13. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The city experiences water increases from the rising tides at least four times a year, usually during winter.(这座城市每年至少有四次因涨潮而水位上升，通常是在冬季。)”可知，威尼斯在冬季容易遭受上涨的潮水的袭击。故选C。 14. 推理判断题。根据第二段“However, the 1.87-meter tide that swept through the city on November 12, 2019, was one of the highest ever experienced. To make matters worse, it was followed by two consecutive (持续的) water increases. The rapid series of high tides covered over 80 percent of the city of canals, causing widespread destruction (破坏) to museums, homes, and businesses.(然而，2019年11月12日席卷该市的1.87米高的潮汐是有史以来最高的潮汐之一。更糟糕的是，随后又连续两次涨潮。一连串的快速涨潮覆盖了运河城市80%以上的面积，对博物馆、住宅和企业造成了广泛的破坏。)”可知，2019年11月12日的涨潮是有史以来最高的之一，并且之后两次持续的涨潮对博物馆、房屋和企业造成广泛破坏。因此，本段作者主要目的是介绍涨潮的影响。故选A。 15. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The first day we were 200 in the Telegram group and on the ground. Yesterday 550, and today more than 1,700.( 第一天，我们在Telegram群里实际上有200人。昨天550人，今天超过1700人。)”可知，大量的志愿者们积极参与行动，以帮助威尼斯渡过难关。故选C。 16. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“What makes Venetians annoyed is that the destruction could have been avoided if the Moveable Barrier System (MOSE) had been in place. (让威尼斯人恼火的是，如果移动屏障系统(MOSE)到位，破坏本可以避免。)”可知，威尼斯人不满意的就是可移动屏障系统没有完工。故选A。 二、完形填空 In the lead-up to my wedding last year, my boyfriend, Joe, and I were determined to keep things relaxed. In our view, the 1 of a wedding was not to 2 a perfect fairy tale. It was to do what was necessary to 3 our friends and family together and show them a good time. Still, despite how often Joe kept 4 “stress-free, stress-free” during any wedding-planning discussion, stress still 5 to creep in(潜入). The number of 6 involved, even for a small reception, can be overwhelming(压倒性的). But soon after we set our wedding date, a remarkable thing started to happen: Even before Joe and I could think to ask for help, offers 7 from our family and friends. We received offers both 8 and general. The help was more than welcome, and made us feel 9 . As grateful as I was, though, I also felt strangely uncomfortable with 10 tasks. I sometimes 11 that I was asking too much of a friend (even if I wasn’t really asking; they were offering). I 12 if we should pay for a wedding 13 , rather than taking advantage of our relationships. We 14 took many people up on their offers, sometimes unable to stop ourselves from adding “Are you sure?” The result was that our wedding made it clearer than ever before just how much 15 we had received from our friends and family. Our wedding was not a fairy tale, but a celebration of love. 1. A. cost B. point C. pressure D. effect 2. A. construct B. recite C. imagine D. share 3. A. bond B. push C. drive D. associate 4. A. thinking B. shouting C. repeating D. announcing 5. A. attempted B. managed C. threatened D. continued 6. A. gifts B. issues C. guests D. tasks 7. A. poured in B. took off C. came over D. showed up 8. A. free B. clear C. practical D. specific 9. A. missed B. loved C. needed D. included 10. A. finishing B. performing C. assigning D. approaching 11. A. realized B. admitted C. worried D. proposed 12. A. suggested B. guessed C. assessed D. wondered 13. A. photographer B. host C. planner D. lawyer 14. A. eventually B. patiently C. eagerly D. immediately 15. A. wealth B. trust C. praise D. support 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. C 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者和男友在筹备婚礼时希望保持轻松，但压力仍不可避免，最终在亲友的帮助下顺利完成婚礼的故事。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们看来，婚礼的意义并非是打造一场完美的童话。而是做好该做的事，让亲友们欢聚一堂，共度一段愉快的时光。A. cost成本；B. point意义；C. pressure压力；D. effect效果。根据下文“a perfect fairy tale. It was to do what was necessary”可知，此处强调婚礼的核心目的(point)。故选B。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. construct构建；B. recite背诵；C. imagine想象；D. share分享。根据上文“not to”和下文“It was to do what was necessary to ___3___ our friends and family together and show them a good time.”可知，作者认为婚礼不是构建童话。故选A。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：而是做好该做的事，让亲友们欢聚一堂，共度一段愉快的时光。A. bond使建立亲密关系；B. push推动；C. drive驱使；D. associate联系。根据下文“show them a good time”可知，作者认为婚礼是与亲友建立亲密关系，共享快乐时光。故选A。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管每次讨论婚礼筹备时，乔总会反复强调“别紧张，别紧张”，但压力还是忍不住悄悄袭来。A. thinking思考；B. shouting喊叫；C. repeating重复；D. announcing宣布。根据下文“stress-free, stress-free”的重复表达，此处表示不断地重复。故选C。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. attempted尝试；B. managed设法；C. threatened威胁；D. continued继续。根据上文“despite how often Joe kept ___4___ “stress-free, stress-free” during any wedding-planning discussion”可知，前后文是让步关系。“managed to creep in”(设法潜入)体现压力不受控地出现。故选B。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：即便只是一场小型婚宴，需要处理的任务数量也多到让人难以招架。A. gifts礼物；B. issues问题；C. guests客人；D. tasks任务。根据下文“Even before Joe and I could think to ask for help, offers ___7___ from our family and friends.”可知，亲友们都来帮忙，说明举办小型婚宴也“tasks”(任务)繁多。故选D。 7. 考查短语辨析。句意：不过，在我们定好婚期后不久，一件了不起的事发生了：还没等我和乔开口求助，家人和朋友们就主动伸出了援手。亲友的帮助蜂拥而来。A. poured in涌入；B. took off起飞；C. came over拜访；D. showed up出现。根据后文“We received offers”可知，在作者感到任务繁多，压力巨大时，亲友们提供了帮助，帮助蜂拥而来。故选A。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们提供的帮助既有具体明确的，也有比较笼统的。A. free免费；B. clear清晰；C. practical实用；D. specific具体。与“general”对应的是“specific”(具体的)，说明帮助有的具体，有的笼统。故选D。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这份善意来得正是时候，也让我们倍感温暖。A. missed想念；B. loved被爱；C. needed被需要；D. included被包含。根据前文“The help was more than welcome”和后文“grateful”，此处应是被关爱(loved)的感受。故选B。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我对此深感感激，但同时我也对被分配的任务感到莫名的不适。A. finishing完成；B. performing执行；C. assigning分配；D. approaching接近。根据下文“I was asking too much of a friend”可知，亲友们被分配了任务。故选C。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时我会担心，是不是对朋友要求太多了(即便我根本没开口，是他们主动要帮忙)。A. realized意识到；B. admitted承认；C. worried担心；D. proposed提议。根据前文“As grateful as I was, though, I also felt strangely uncomfortable with ___10___ tasks.”，作者尽管非常感激亲友的帮助，但是也担心对亲友造成负担。故选C。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也会纠结，我们是不是应该花钱雇一位婚礼策划师，而不是这样“利用”彼此的情谊。A. suggested建议；B. guessed猜测；C. assessed评估；D. wondered思索。下文“if we should pay for a wedding ___13___, rather than taking advantage of our relationships”说明作者纠结的心理，“wondered”符合犹豫不决的心理。故选D。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. photographer摄影师；B. host主持人；C. planner策划师；D. lawyer律师。根据后文“rather than taking advantage of our relationships”可知，作者纠结是不是应该请一位专业的婚礼策划师，而不是依赖亲友的帮助。“wedding planner”(婚礼策划师)是专业服务人员。故选C。 14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我们还是接受了不少人的帮助，有时甚至会忍不住多问一句“你确定没问题吗？”A. eventually最终；B. patiently耐心；C. eagerly急切；D. immediately立刻。根据下文“took many people up on their offers”可知，作者“eventually(最终)”接受了亲友的帮助。故选A。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：而这场婚礼也让我们比以往任何时候都更清楚地意识到，我们从亲友那里收获了多少关爱。A. wealth财富；B. trust信任；C. praise赞扬；D. support支持。根据前文提到的“took many people up on their offers”可知，此处讲述的是全文核心：亲友的“support”(支持)。故选D。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Millions of people in China now share a common routine: a session with personal trainer Liu Genghong. The 49-year-old singer and composer has 1 (surprising) become 2 online hit for livestreaming fitness routines from his home. Liu’s workout sessions are so popular that they 3 (break) Douyin’s livestreaming record for 2022 so far. In Liu’s livestreams, Liu and his wife appear 4 (energy), friendly, happy and super fit. They are usually seen exercising 5 the fast-paced tune(曲子) of pop singer Jay Chou’s Herbalist Manual(本草纲目) and others. 6 Liu’s dance moves look simple, they are often too intense for his audience 7 (follow). Wei Fang, a student at Shandong Normal University, is one of Liu’s 8 (fan). “My major requires me to sit for a long time, sometimes for the whole day,” she said. “So how can I refuse a star singer as a personal trainer? Besides, when 9 (watch) the live-stream, I feel like I’m working out with friends, 10 encourages me to keep going until the last minute,” added Wei. 【答案】 1. surprisingly 2. an 3. have broken 4. energetic 5. to 6. Although/Though/While 7. to follow 8. fans 9. watching 10. which 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国歌手兼作曲家刘畊宏通过在家直播健身课程成为网红，吸引了数百万人参与。 1. 考查副词。句意：这位49岁的歌手兼作曲家出人意料地成为了网上的热门人物，因为他在家直播健身节目。提示词修饰动词become，用副词surprisingly作状语，意为“出人意料地”。故填surprisingly。 2. 考查冠词。句意：这位49岁的歌手兼作曲家出人意料地成为了网上的热门人物，因为他在家直播健身节目。可数名词hit在句中表示“一个很受欢迎的人”，泛指，空格后单词online发音以原音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 3. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：刘的健身课程非常受欢迎，到目前为止，他们已经打破了抖音2022年的直播记录。分析句子可知，break(打破)是状语从句中谓语动词，与主语they之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语so far，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数人称代词，谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的主动语态，复数形式。故填have broken。 4. 考查形容词。句意：在刘的直播中，他和他的妻子看起来精力充沛、友好、快乐并超级健康。提示词作表语，与形容词friendly，happy和fit是并列关系，也用形容词形式energetic，意为“精力充沛的”，表明主语Liu and his wife的状态。故填energetic。 5. 考查介词。句意：人们经常看到他们随着流行歌手周杰伦的《草药手册》和其他歌曲的快节奏曲调锻炼。根据句意，表示“随着(节奏锻炼)”，用介词to，意为“伴随；随同”。故填to。 6. 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然刘的舞蹈动作看起来很简单，但对于他的观众来说，它们往往强度太大了，跟不上。根据句意，“Liu’s dance moves look simple”和“they are often too intense for his audience”之间是转折关系，用从属连词although/though/while引导让步状语从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 7. 考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。句意：虽然刘的舞蹈动作看起来很简单，但对于他的观众来说，它们往往强度太大了，跟不上。too...to do...是固定搭配，意为“太……而不能……”，不定式作结果状语。故填to follow。 8. 考查名词。句意：来自山东师范大学的魏芳是刘的粉丝之一。“one of+复数名词”是固定短语，意为“……之一”。故填fans。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，在看直播的时候，我觉得我是在和朋友一起锻炼，这鼓励我坚持到最后一分钟。“(watch) the live-stream”作伴随状语，watch是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填watching。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：此外，在看直播的时候，我觉得我是在和朋友一起锻炼，这鼓励我坚持到最后一分钟。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，句中所述“我觉得我是在和朋友一起锻炼”这件事在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 四、应用文写作 我市西游文化嘉年华(carnival)活动全面启动。为了鼓励同学们更好地阅读与理解《西游记》，你校组织了“我是美猴王”在线才艺展示活动。假定你是李华，请用英语写一封信，邀请外籍教师Nick参与评选。内容包括： (1)活动名称及目的； (2)时间地点：7月20日下午6:00前，学校网站； (3)参与方式：观看唱歌、故事讲述、短剧表演等视频作品，投票选择“最佳美猴王”； (4)参考词汇：《西游记》Journey to the West      才艺展示 talent show Dear Nick. The Culture Carnival of Journey to the West has started. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Nick, The Cultural Carnival of Journey to the West has started. To encourage students to better read and understand Journey to the West, our school has held an online talent show called I am the Monkey King. I’m writing to invite you to vote for us. You’re expected to visit our school’s website before 6 p.m. on July 20. There are not only videos of songs, stories but also short plays. You can enjoy paintings and speeches as well. We’d like you to vote for the best Monkey King. I hope you’ll like these works and learn more about Journey to the West. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。西游文化嘉年华(carnival)活动全面启动，为了鼓励同学们更好地阅读与理解《西游记》，学校组织了“我是美猴王”在线才艺展示活动，要求考生写一封邀请信，邀请外籍教师Nick 参与评选。内容包括：活动名称及目的；时间地点；参与方式。 【详解】 1.词汇积累 举办：hold →launch/host 被称作：called → named 欣赏：enjoy →appreciate 希望：hope → expect 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：To encourage students to better read and understand Journey to the West, our school has held an online talent show called I am the Monkey King. 拓展句：To encourage students to better read and understand Journey to the West, our school has held an online talent show which is called I am the Monkey King. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】To encourage students to better read and understand Journey to the West, our school has held an online talent show called I am the Monkey King. (运用了不定式结构作状语，以及过去分词作后置定语) 【高分句型2】There are not only videos of songs, stories but also short plays. (运用了not only…but also…固定结构进行连接) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 动词和动词短语 ( 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 动词的分类 (一)系动词 表示状态 am, is, are，was, were 表示感官 feel摸起来，look看起来，smell闻起来，sound听起来，taste尝起来 表示变化 become变得，go变得，run变得，fall变得，grow逐渐变得，turn变得： 表示终止 prove证实，turn out变成 表示持续 keep保持，stay保持，remain保持不变，stand处于,prove 证明 易错提醒： 1. 有些单词一词多义，在作系动词时，要跟形容词作表语；但同一词形如果作实义动词用，意思变化，且用副词修饰。系动词有时态的变化，不能用于被动语态。 2. 区分系动词和实义动词：很多系动词(如 feel, look, smell, taste, turn, grow, prove)本身也可以是实义动词(表示具体动作)。关键在于它们后面接什么以及表达什么含义。 系动词用法：后接表语(形容词/名词等)，描述主语状态。 实义动词用法：后接宾语(名词/代词)或副词，表示具体动作。 3. 表语是形容词，不是副词：系动词后描述主语状态特征的是形容词，不是修饰动词的副词。 (二) 实义动词 根据其在句子中是否需要跟宾语，分为及物动词和不及物动词。 1. 及物动词后必须跟宾语(可以是名词、代词、动名词等)，否则句子不完整。 ①动词+宾语 如: I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。 ②动词+宾语+宾补 如: We call the bird Polly. 我们叫那只鸟波莉。 I saw the children play in the park yesterday. 昨天我看见这些孩子们在公园玩。 [易错提示]带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make, let, have, see, watch, notice, hear等。 ③动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 Please pass me the salt. 请把盐递给我。 [易错提示]常见带双宾语的动词有:give, bring, buy, get, lend, make, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, read等。 ④be+过去分词 This bridge was built by the workers in 2010. 这座桥是工人们在 2010 年建造的。 2. 不及物动词 ①不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语，也不能用于被动语态。 They swam in the lake every summer when young. 他们年轻时每年夏天都在湖里游泳。 ②有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。 She runs a small café near the park. 她在公园附近经营一家小咖啡馆。 He runs five kilometers every morning. 他每天早上跑五公里。 ③不及物动词与介词、副词连用构成动词短语。 We waited for the train at the station for hours. 我们在车站等火车等了好几个小时。 The old car broke down on the way to work. 那辆旧车在上班路上抛锚了。 They ran out of fuel in the middle of the desert. 他们在沙漠中耗尽了燃料。 根据其在句子中动作延续性，分为延续性动词和非延续动词。 1. 延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,如live, stay, study, work, keep, teach等可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 You can keep the book for two weeks. 你可以借用这本书两周。 We have lived in China since 2001. 自从2001年以来,我们一直住在中国。 2.非延续性动词又叫瞬间动词，不能与表示时间段的状语连用，只能与表示时间点的状语，如yesterday搭配，强调动作发生的瞬间。如buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, go, come, catch等。 He joined the army in 2020. 他2020年参军了。 I borrowed this book from the library yesterday. 我昨天从图书馆借了这本书。 【归纳】非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他词代替。 leave→be away离开; borrow→keep借; buy→have买; begin→be on开始/上演; die→be dead去世; finish→be over结束/完成; join→be in…参加； marry→ be married结婚； fall ill→be ill生病； get up→be up起床； lose one's work→be out of work失业； come here→be here来这里； go there→be there去那里； become→be成为； come back→be back回来； fall asleep→be asleep睡着； wake up→be awake醒； leave→be away from离开； get to know→know认识； put on→wear穿上； I have had this dictionary for three months. 我买这本词典已经三个月了。 I have kept the magazine for two weeks. 我借这本杂志已经两个星期了。 Hurry up! The film has been on for five minutes. 赶快！电影已经开始五分钟了。 He has been up for an hour, but hasn’t washed his face yet. 他起床有一小时了，但还没有洗脸。 (三) 情态动词 1. 情态动词的用法 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could ①can表示现在具有某种能力或技能，意为“能，会” ②could表示过去一般性能力 ③表示请求允许。在一般疑问句中，could 可代替can，但语气更委婉，答语要用can ④用于固定句型中：can't…too/enough(无论……也不为过)；can't help doing sth.(禁不住做某事)；can't help but do sth.(不得不做某事)；can not/could not but do sth.(不得不做某事) ①Tom can speak English. ②Tom could sing English songs when he was 6. ③—Can/Could you help me？ —Yes，I can. ④I can't praise him too much. I couldn't but give it up. may/might ①may表示请求或允许，“可以”。might表示请求时语气更为委婉。might是may的过去式，常用于间接引语 ②may、might表示推测，用于肯定句，“可能”；用于否定句，may not“可能不”；表“不可能”，用can't ③may表祝愿，其结构为：May＋主语＋do ④固定句型：may/might as well do(不妨，还是做……为好)；may/might well do＝be very likely to do(很有可能做……) ①May I help you？ She said I might visit her at any time. ②This coat may be Tom's. This coat may not be Tom's. This coat can't be Tom's. ③May you succeed！ ④So you might as well go there and have a look at it. must ①表必要性，“必须”，否定式为needn't/don't have to ②mustn't 表禁止，“不准” ③表坚持，“偏要，非要” ④表推断，用于肯定句，“一定，准是” ①—Must I come before 8:00 a.m.? —Yes, you must./No，you needn't./No，you don't have to. ②You mustn't smoke here. ③Must you say like this？ ④You must be tired after such a long walk. shall ①表示征求对方意见或请求，用于第一、三人称的疑问句中 ②用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者的意志，用来表示说话者给对方的命令、警告、允诺等。在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，“应该，必须” ①Shall I go now？ ②You shall have a bicycle for your birthday. Every student shall obey these rules. should ①相当于ought to，“应该”，表义务上的应该，也可表推测上的“按说应该” ②“竟然”，表说话人的惊讶、难以置信等情绪 ③用作shall 的过去式，表示打算或期望做的事 ①You should turn in your homework on time. He should be arrive by now. ②It's strange that he should fail the exam. ③I knew that we should have a meeting the next day. will/would ①用于各种人称，表示主语的意愿和意志 ②用于第二人称的一般疑问句，表请求 ③will用来叙述目前的习惯；would表示过去的习惯 ①He will come to help you. ②Will/Would you go with me？ ③He would stay up late into the night. need/dare ①need和dare用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词要用动词原形 ②need和dare用作实义动词时，后接动词要用不定式，有人称和数的变化，在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中都可以使用，并且need作实义动词“需要”解释，后接动名词相当于不定式的被动式 ①He needn't do it. ②He doesn't need to do it. should/ ought to 1、表示道义上的责任，义务或要求，有时表示劝告。ought to否定式为ought not to /oughtn’t to。 2. 表示推测和可能性，是“应该”之意。 表示对现在和将来的推测。 3、“should/ought to have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测，“应该已经”。有时表“本应该”的意思；“should not/ought not to have+过去分词”表示“本不该”的意思。 4、表示讲话人惊奇，失望，愤怒等感情： It’s strange that he should have lost his temper. 真奇怪，他竟然发脾气。 2. “情态动词＋现在完成时”的用法 形式 含义 例句 can/could have done 本来能够做；过去可能会做 Can he have finished the work？ We could have started a little earlier. must have done 推测某事必定已经发生 It must have rained last night，for the road is so muddy. may/might have done 也许、或许已经做了(might语气更弱) You may have narrowly missed her on your way here. should/ought to have done 本应该做而实际上没做 You should/ought to have finished the exercise more carefully. needn't have done 本不必做而做了 There was plenty of time.She needn't have hurried. (四)助动词 ①助动词be(am, is, are, was, were)的用法 助动词be+现在分词，构成进行时态；助动词be+过去分词，构成被动语态；助动词be+动词不定式，表示根据安排要发生的事情。 I was cooking dinner when the phone rang. 电话响时我正在做晚饭。 The problem was solved by the team yesterday. 问题昨天被团队解决了。 The project is to be completed by the end of the month. 项目须在月底前完成。 ②助动词have (has, had) 的用法 have +过去分词，构成完成时态； have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时； have+动词不定式，表示因客观环境而不得不做的事情。 He had studied English before moving to the US. 他去美国前就已经学过英语了。 He has been working on this book since last year. 他从去年开始一直在写这本书。 They had to walk home because the last bus had left. 末班车走了，他们不得不走路回家。 ③助动词do (does, did) 的用法 助动词do (does, did)可以协助构成一般疑问句、否定句、倒装句、代动词。 Did they finish the project before the deadline? 他们在截止日前完成项目了吗？ I don’t want to eat fast food tonight. 我今晚不想吃快餐。 Seldom does he go to bed before midnight. 他很少在午夜前睡觉。 He didn’t finish the task, but she did. 他没完成任务，但她完成了。 ④助动词shall/ will的用法 shall构成一般将来时，should构成过去将来时，用于第一人称，后接动词原形；will构成一般将来时，would构成过去将来时，用于第二、三人称，后接动词原形。 We shall start the journey at dawn tomorrow. 我们明天黎明将启程。 She will perform on stage at the concert tonight. 她今晚将在音乐会上登台表演。 They believed she would win the competition easily. 他们相信她会轻松赢得比赛。 考点二 动词的构词法 (一) 动词前缀 pre-表示“前, 在……之前, 预先” preview预演;predict预言 en-表示“使, 使成为, 使处于⋯⋯状态” enlarge 扩大;encourage 鼓励;enrich 使丰富;enable 使能够 dis- 表示“否定,相反,不” disagree 不同意;dislike 不喜欢。还可表示“取消,除去,剥夺;分离,分开”,discourage 使泄气;discount打折扣;discover发现。 (二) 动词后缀 -ize/-ise表示“变成,使⋯⋯化,以⋯⋯方式说” modernize使现代化;memorize 记住, 背诵。 apology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调memory→memorize记住real→realize认识到；实现modern→modernize使现代化 -en表示“使成为,变得,使有” quicken加快,加速;weaken削弱,(使)变弱。 broad→broaden使变宽ripe→ripen使成熟sharp→sharpen使尖锐wide→widen加宽short→shorten变短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使变暗hard→harden使变硬soft→soften使缓和；使变柔软damp→dampen抑制；使潮湿fright→frighten使害怕threat→threaten威胁 -ify 表示“使……化” beautiful美化;purify使洁净;simplify简化。class→classify把……分类just→justify证明……正确simple→simplify简化beauty→beautify美化identity→identify识别quality→qualify使具有资格。 考点三 动词短语归纳 动词+副词 blow up 炸毁 break in 打断 break out爆发 bring up 抚养 carry out执行 find out 查出 give in 屈服 give up 放弃 go ahead前进;去做 go back 回去 go on 继续 hand in 上交 make out 认出 make up 构成 pick out挑选出来 point out 指出 put aside 把······放在一边 put away把……收起 put down放下;写下 put forward 提出 put on 穿上;上演 ring up 打电话 run away 逃离 set aside 留出 set up 搭起,建起 take in 吸收;欺骗 take off脱下 think over 认真思考 throw away 扔掉 动词+介词 account for 解释 apply for 申请 approve of赞成;同意 arrive at/in 到达 ask for 请求 attend to 照料 begin with 以……开始 believe in 信任 break into 破门而入 break through 突破 care about 关心 care for 喜欢 cater for迎合;满足 consist of由…组成 come across 偶然碰到 complain of/about 抱怨 deal with 对付,处理 depend on 依靠 die from 死于 dream of/about 梦到 get off 下车 listen to 听 look after 照顾 look at 看 look into 调查operate on 为……动手术 object to 反对 think of 考虑 work on 从事 go over 复习 go through 从……穿过 动词+副词+介词 add up to 总计为,总共是 break away from脱离;逃脱 catch up with 赶上;达到 come up to 达到 come up with 提出 cut down on 削减 date back to 追溯到 do away with 废除 drop out of退出 face up to 敢于面对 get along/on with 与……和睦相处;进展get away with 偷走 get down to 开始认真从事go in for 参加考试(或竞赛) go on with 继续 hold on to 抓住 keep away from 远离 keep out of 避免 keep up with 跟上 live up to 不负于,符合 look down on/upon 轻视 look forward to 盼望 look up to 尊敬 make up for 补偿 put up with 忍受 run out of 用光 watch out for 留意 动词+名词+介词 catch hold of 抓住 catch sight of 看见draw one’s attention to 吸引某人对……的注意 find fault with 挑……的毛病give voice to 表达对………的想法give rise to 引起 keep an eye on 留意 keep pace with 赶上 lose sight of 看不见 make a fool of 愚弄 make friends with 与………交朋友 make fun of 取笑 make mention of 提到 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意 put an end to 结束 set fire to 放火烧 set foot on 进入,参观 show interest in对……表现出兴趣take advantage of利用 take care of 照顾 take hold of 抓住 take notice of 注意到 take part in 参加 take pride in 以…自豪 take the place of 代替 turn a deaf ear to 对………充耳不闻 take account of考虑到 动词+名词 keep watch 放哨 take place 发生take aim 瞄准 play truant逃学 动词+介词+名词 bring…to an end 使……结束 bring…under control 使……在掌控下 have. .. in mind 记住…… keep…in mind 牢记…… learn…by heart 背熟…… put…into effect使……生效 burst into tears 突然大哭起来 come into being 形成 come to power 开始执政 come into use 开始使用 come into effect 生效 put on weight长胖;发福 考点一：系动词和助动词 例1. These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants. 例2. The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 例3. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and (prove)extremely popular with the public. 1. The young man performed as if he ________(be) a woman on the stage. 2. I lock the door yesterday afternoon when I left the office; but it is still open. 3. Not only he speak correctly, but he also speaks easily. 4. How long you suppose it is since he arrived and began to work here? 5. No sooner he arrived at the station than his friend left by train. 考点二：情态动词 例1. It has been announced that the first to purchase goods on the opening day in the supermarket ________ get 10% off the total price. A. must B. will C. shall D. may 例2. —Zhang Guimei has achieved so much in her career as a teacher and principal. —Yes, she ________ a lot of difficulties to make such great achievements. A. would have gone through B. must have gone through C. should have gone through D. could have gone through 例3. Mary _______ be in Beijing, for I saw her in town just now. A. mustn’t B. would not C. can’t D. may not 1. Any individual who intends to ______ a medical career ______, in accordance with established regulations, complete the necessary training and pass all required examinations before being granted the professional license. A. commence; shall B. commence; ought to C. manage; ought to D. manage; shall 2. — What about your trip to the town? — Couldn’t be worse. Stuck in the mud, the car _______ not move, however hard we pushed it. A. could B. should C. would D. might 3. Don’t let Tom paint on the trousers, for it________ wash out. A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. won’t 4. —How about the meals during your exchange visit? —Well, it ____________ worse. A. couldn’t have been B. couldn’t be C. might not have been D. might not be 5. I __________ myself more — It was a perfect day. A. couldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed C. shouldn’t have enjoyed D. mustn’t have enjoyed 考点三：动词词缀 例1. Don’t put your prices too high or you’ll (fright) the customers away. 例2. The boy can (memory) the data easily. 例3. Being exposed to English frequently (able) us to have a good knowledge of this language. 1. Don’t worry. I can (defense) myself from my enemies. 2. This incident has (sharp) public awareness of the economic crisis. 3. Don’t put your prices too high or you’ll (fright) the customers away. 4. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. 5. Many students like to spend time (memory) English vocabulary. 考点四：动词短语 例1. During the meeting, she decided to ________ the issue of budget cuts, as it was crucial for future planning. A. take in B. bring up C. break down D. keep off 例2. How could you _______ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months? A. give off B. break in C. turn down D. take away 例3. To maintain a healthy lifestyle, doctors advise people to ______ high-sugar foods and drinks as much as possible. A. take in B. bring up C. break down D. keep off 1. Caroline doesn't have a natural talent for music but she _________ it with hard work. A. lives up to B. makes up for C. reaches out to D. looks out for 2. The new model electric car should _________ many safety tests before it is released to the public. A. turn out B. bring about C. go through D. set up 3. We are determined that our teacher training programs should ________ current developments in the field of education. A. catch sight of B. make room for C. take pride in D. keep pace with 4. ________a small amount of money each month is widely recognized as a good habit for personal finance management. A. Picking out B. Putting aside C. Giving away D. Getting back 5. I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some. A. made up for B. run out of C. kept away from D. got down to 一、单项选择 1. The weather report says the rain will ________ until the end of next week. A. keep B. stay C. last D. move 2. Would you please________ Kate________ my best wishes to everybody ? A. tell ; give B. telling ;giving C. tell ;to give D. say; gives 3. With great efforts of the peace-loving people all over the world, people of the country____ the war. A. survived B. survived from C. survival D. survived to 4. A number of traditions ________ celebrated in China during the Spring Festival every year. A. is B. was C. are D. were 5. It was a pity that he __ blind, but to the joy of his family, his dream of becoming a musician _____ true at last. A. came; came B. went; went C. came; went D. went; came 6. The bill ________ data-privacy standards across the EU, and tech companies ________ that compliance costs will soar. A. concerns about; deeply concern B. concerns; are deeply concerned C. concerns that; are deeply concerned about D. is concerned about; are deeply concerned 7. This kind of cloth ______ well and ______ long. A. washes; is lasted B. is washed; lasting C. washes; lasts D. is washing; lasting 8. Many students ______ the basic skills needed to solve complex math problems, which makes it difficult for them to achieve high scores. A. lack of B. are lacking of C. lack D. are lacking for 9. I know Sophia’s favourite star is a female singer, so it ________ be this actor. A. may not B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t 10. Some of the apples are bad, but I believe the rest _________sweet. A. taste B. tastes C. is tasted D. are tasted 二、单句语法填空 1. It is suggested that you should practice more on daily basis to (sharp) your badminton skills. 2. Not until then he realize the importance of studying English. 3. Some experts think that putting a few plants together in your home can (pure) your air doesn’t have much hard science to back it up. 4. Physical is important, but athletes also need to their mental resilience. (strength) 5. Regular training helps athletes to high-intensity workouts, and this is key to success. (adapt) 6. Confucius, of Confucianism, many educational ideas that became the of Chinese culture. (foundation)   7. In ancient China, local would mooncakes with special molds, and these goods became an essential part of Mid-Autumn traditions. (bakery) 8. In group study, we should avoid letting one person the discussion; instead, balanced participation helps reduce excessive and creates a more harmonious learning atmosphere without voices overshadowing others. (dominate) 9. I rock music because I think it’s too noisy. (like) 10. What you usually do online? 一、阅读理解 A Welcome to Our New Clubs! Chinese Calligraphy Club Come and join us, boys and girls! You can enjoy the beauty of Chinese calligraphy and learn how to write Chinese characters beautifully. Ms. Zhao is waiting for you here. Time: 3:00 p.m.～5:00 p.m., Thursday Place: Room 107 Chinese Knot Club Knots can also be art. You can learn the old stories behind the knots and learn to make your own ones. The traditional red knots will bring you happiness and good luck. Time: 8:00 a.m.～10:00 a.m., Tuesday Place: Room 308 Taichi Club As an ancient form of exercise, Taichi brings peace to our mind and body with slow and quiet movements. Let’s follow Mr. Su and do it together. It will reduce the stress in your life. Time: 5:30 p.m.～6:30 p.m., from Monday to Friday Place: the Youth Square Beijing Opera Club In our club, you can learn to perform Beijing Opera and play roles from ancient times. Mr. Wu is a famous Beijing Opera performer. He gives lessons each Friday and we go to Mei Lanfang Theater to enjoy Beijing Opera shows once a month. Time: 8:00 a.m.～11:00 a.m., Friday Place: Room 105 1. Lucy can go to ________ if she wants to write beautiful Chinese characters. A. Room 105 B. Room 107 C. Room 308 D. the Youth Square 2. Red knots stand for ________ in Chinese culture. A. unhappiness B. peace C. good luck D. old stories 3. You can go to the Taichi Club ________. A. at 5:00 p.m. on Sunday B. at 10:00 a.m. on Monday C. at 8:00 a.m. on Tuesday D. at 5:30 p.m. on Friday 4. What can we learn about the Beijing Opera Club? A. Its lessons are given by Mr. Su. B. Its members meet once a month. C. Its teacher is a good performer. D. Its members perform at a theater. B I will always remember my mother’s last few days in this world. On February 14th, 2000, my class went on a field trip to the beach. I had so much fun. When we returned to school, my teacher told me to go to the headmaster’s office. When I got into the office, I saw a police officer. Suddenly I knew something was wrong. The police officer told me my mother was badly ill and we went to pick my sister up. After that, we went to the hospital and waited. Time went slowly. Finally, we got to see our mother. On the next day, the headmaster came and told my two teachers what had happened. I was taking a rest that day. I knew it had something to do with my mother. I kept thinking that she either died or had gotten better. How I wished that she had gotten better. When my teacher took me outside, my sister ran up to me. She started crying, “She’s gone. Teresa, mommy’s gone. She’s dead.” I couldn’t believe it. We jumped into the car and drove straight to the hospital. Most of my family were there. The silence was terrible. I knew I had to say goodbye. Today when I look back, I still miss my mother very much, but I know that I will live. My mother was a strong mother, who had the biggest heart. My mother was an angel walking on the earth. I will always remember her as living. When someone is asked who their hero is, they usually say someone famous, like Michael Jordan or Britney Spears. When someone asks me who my hero is, I tell them, my mother. My mother lives every day. That is what makes her a true hero. 5. Where was the author when she learned her mother was very ill? A. On the beach. B. At the hospital. C. At school. D. At home. 6. Who brought the author the bad news that her mother was ill? A. Her sister. B. The headmaster. C. Her teacher. D. The police officer. 7. What did the headmaster tell the two teachers about the author on the next day? A. Her mother had been very ill. B. Her mother had been dead. C. Her mother had gotten better. D. Her mother had come to see her. 8. From the last paragraph of the text we know that ________. A. the author is afraid of her mother B. the author is proud of her mother C. the author feels sad about her mother D. the author feels sorry for her mother C An innovative virtual reality (VR) sports program, using advanced artificial intelligence (AI), has shown encouraging results in fighting against teen obesity(肥胖). For eight weeks, nearly 180 overweight or obese Chinese teenagers, who were born in the digital age, took part in a virtual coaching program involving table tennis and soccer. The new VR sports initiative is part of China’s efforts to prevent teen obesity by using the most advanced AI technology. Teen obesity has become a global public health crisis. China is now prioritizing dealing with teen obesity in its public health initiatives. Faced with this challenge, some scientists are investigating whether VR technology can help digitally-native teenagers reach weight-loss goals safely and effectively. An international research team led by scientists from Shanghai Jiao Tong University developed REVERIE the world’s first intelligent VR sports interactive system. Professor Li Wei, a lead health scientist on the project, explained: “We created a transformer-based AI coach, trained using deep reinforcement learning, which provides real-time feedback and adapts to individual performance.” In the eight-week trial, participants were divided into groups engaging in either real-world sports, namely table tennis or soccer, VR-based versions of the same sports, or a control group with no additional exercise. Participants outside the control group received exercise intervention(干预) sessions three times a week, in addition to their regular physical education classes at school. Encouragingly, REVERIE has demonstrated significant potential in helping overweight and obese teens lose weight, improve cognitive (认知的) function, and maintain long-term exercise motivation. Both VR and real sports groups showed similar fat loss, with VR users experiencing additional cognitive benefits according to the study. Especially, the VR group maintained higher exercise motivation six months after the trial. Professor Chen Lin, the project’s principal investigator, emphasized, “REVERIE offers a promising solution to physical inactivity. These digital workouts can help overcome barriers like low engagement and social anxiety.” The research team plans to expand the use of VR technology to encourage healthier lifestyles among teens, supporting global health efforts to improve youth well-being. 9. What is the main purpose of the program? A. To bring attention to public health issue. B. To find out the effectiveness of VR sports. C. To explore the causes of teen overweight. D. To promote sports activities among teenagers. 10. What does REVERIE feature? A. A transformer-based AI coach. B. An instant user feedback system. C. An updated version of VR game. D. A group exercise training method. 11. What did the research results prove? A. Extra exercise is insufficient. B. VR exercise has a lasting impact. C. Regular PE classes are limited. D. Real sports can improve memory. 12. What can we infer from Professor Chen’s words? A. Teen obesity is becoming worse. B. REVERIE needs to be improved. C. REVERIE is helpful for teenagers. D. Digital workouts face many barriers. D Venice is no stranger to floods. The city experiences water increases from the rising tides at least four times a year, usually during winter. However, the 1.87-meter tide that swept through the city on November 12, 2019, was one of the highest ever experienced. To make matters worse, it was followed by two consecutive(持续的) water increases. The rapid series of high tides covered over 80 percent of the city of canals, causing widespread destruction(破坏) to museums, homes, and businesses. Though difficult, it is always important to find a silver lining(困境中的一线希望) after such events. In Venice, it has come in the form of the “Angels of the Salt”—hundreds of youth volunteers who have arrived in the beautiful city to help with the clean-up efforts. Piero Risica said, “When we saw the historic flooding on Tuesday night, we immediately started to gather volunteers to help the city. The first day we were 200 in the Telegram group and on the ground. Yesterday 550, and today more than 1,700.” In addition to helping drain(排空) the flood waters from residences and businesses, the young volunteers are also collecting the garbage and water-damaged devices and taking them to recycling centers. What makes Venetians annoyed is that the destruction could have been avoided if the Moveable Barrier System (MOSE) had been in place. The project to place moveable floodgates that would stop the high tides from covering the city has been under construction since 2003, and has already cost $5 billion. However, it is nowhere close to completion. 13. When is it easy for Venice to experience rising tides? A. In spring. B. In summer. C. In winter. 14. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2? A. To tell us the influence of high tides. B. To warn the danger of living in Venice. C. To compare the differences of past tides. 15. What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A. Angels of the Salt is famous in Italy. B. Angels of the Salt is in charge of rescue. C. Volunteers take an active part in the action to help Venice. 16. What makes Venetians dissatisfied? A. The unfinished MOSE. B. The destruction of MOSE. C. The waste of a lot of money. 二、完形填空 In the lead-up to my wedding last year, my boyfriend, Joe, and I were determined to keep things relaxed. In our view, the 1 of a wedding was not to 2 a perfect fairy tale. It was to do what was necessary to 3 our friends and family together and show them a good time. Still, despite how often Joe kept 4 “stress-free, stress-free” during any wedding-planning discussion, stress still 5 to creep in(潜入). The number of 6 involved, even for a small reception, can be overwhelming(压倒性的). But soon after we set our wedding date, a remarkable thing started to happen: Even before Joe and I could think to ask for help, offers 7 from our family and friends. We received offers both 8 and general. The help was more than welcome, and made us feel 9 . As grateful as I was, though, I also felt strangely uncomfortable with 10 tasks. I sometimes 11 that I was asking too much of a friend (even if I wasn’t really asking; they were offering). I 12 if we should pay for a wedding 13 , rather than taking advantage of our relationships. We 14 took many people up on their offers, sometimes unable to stop ourselves from adding “Are you sure?” The result was that our wedding made it clearer than ever before just how much 15 we had received from our friends and family. Our wedding was not a fairy tale, but a celebration of love. 1. A. cost B. point C. pressure D. effect 2. A. construct B. recite C. imagine D. share 3. A. bond B. push C. drive D. associate 4. A. thinking B. shouting C. repeating D. announcing 5. A. attempted B. managed C. threatened D. continued 6. A. gifts B. issues C. guests D. tasks 7. A. poured in B. took off C. came over D. showed up 8. A. free B. clear C. practical D. specific 9. A. missed B. loved C. needed D. included 10. A. finishing B. performing C. assigning D. approaching 11. A. realized B. admitted C. worried D. proposed 12. A. suggested B. guessed C. assessed D. wondered 13. A. photographer B. host C. planner D. lawyer 14. A. eventually B. patiently C. eagerly D. immediately 15. A. wealth B. trust C. praise D. support 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Millions of people in China now share a common routine: a session with personal trainer Liu Genghong. The 49-year-old singer and composer has 1 (surprising) become 2 online hit for livestreaming fitness routines from his home. Liu’s workout sessions are so popular that they 3 (break) Douyin’s livestreaming record for 2022 so far. In Liu’s livestreams, Liu and his wife appear 4 (energy), friendly, happy and super fit. They are usually seen exercising 5 the fast-paced tune(曲子) of pop singer Jay Chou’s Herbalist Manual(本草纲目) and others. 6 Liu’s dance moves look simple, they are often too intense for his audience 7 (follow). Wei Fang, a student at Shandong Normal University, is one of Liu’s 8 (fan). “My major requires me to sit for a long time, sometimes for the whole day,” she said. “So how can I refuse a star singer as a personal trainer? Besides, when 9 (watch) the live-stream, I feel like I’m working out with friends, 10 encourages me to keep going until the last minute,” added Wei. 四、应用文写作 我市西游文化嘉年华(carnival)活动全面启动。为了鼓励同学们更好地阅读与理解《西游记》，你校组织了“我是美猴王”在线才艺展示活动。假定你是李华，请用英语写一封信，邀请外籍教师Nick参与评选。内容包括： (1)活动名称及目的； (2)时间地点：7月20日下午6:00前，学校网站； (3)参与方式：观看唱歌、故事讲述、短剧表演等视频作品，投票选择“最佳美猴王”； (4)参考词汇：《西游记》Journey to the West      才艺展示 talent show Dear Nick. The Culture Carnival of Journey to the West has started. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $