专题09 名词性从句（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，江苏专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题09 名词性从句 ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 名词性从句引导词 1. 名词性从句的引导词及其功能 引导词 功能 从属 连词 that 在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义 whether, if 在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否” because, as if/though 在从句中不作任何成分，分别意为“因为”“好像” 连接代词 who(ever), whom(ever), what(ever), whose, which(ever) who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语； whom(ever)在从句中作宾语； which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语； whose在从句中作定语 连接副词 when(ever)，where，wherever，why，how(ever) 在从句中作状语 2. 名词性从句的语序是陈述语序 Do you know where the party will be held？ 3. 名词性从句的时态 (1)当主句是现在时态(一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)时， 从句可根据实际情况使用各种时态。 It annoys me that he broke my favourite vase. 他打碎了我最喜欢的花瓶，这令我很生气。 Do you know when and where he bought the book? 你知道他什么时候在哪里买的这本书吗？ I have heard that our teacher will come back tomorrow. 我听说我们的老师明天就回来了。 (2)当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也用某种过去时态。 I asked her if she would allow me to interview her，and she readily agreed. 我问她是否允许我采访她，她欣然同意了。 My teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 老师说太阳从东方升起西方落下。 (客观真理) 4. what与that的用法 that是从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。 I believe that I will succeed if I study hard. 我相信如果我努力学习我会成功的。 I believe what he said because he is an honest man. 我相信他说的话，因为他是个诚实的人。 5. whether与if的用法 (1)用whether或if均可的情况 ①引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可使用。 ②it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。 (2)用whether而不用if的情况 ①引导主语从句置于句首时； ②引导表语从句和同位语从句时； ③引导介词的宾语从句时； ④引导词与or not连用时； ⑤引导词后接to do时； ⑥有些动词如discuss，decide等后的宾语从句。 6. what, who, which与whatever, whoever, whichever引导名词性从句的区别 (1)what引导名词性从句意为“什么”，带有疑问意味；意为“……的事情”，表示肯定的意思。who意思是“谁”，带有疑问意味；which意思是“哪一个”，带有疑问意味。 Do you know who broke the window? 你知道是谁打坏的窗子吗？ (2)whatever，whoever，whichever意思分别为“所……的一切事或东西”，“任何……的人”“……的任何一种东西”等，并且充当成分，相当于anything that，anyone who等。 She is very dear to me.We have been prepared to do whatever it takes to save her life.＝She is very dear to me.We have been prepared to do anything that it takes to save her life. 她是我的至亲，我们已经准备好了不惜一切代价救她的命。 7. that不可省略的情况 (1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that引导表语从句时；that引导同位语从句时；当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。 (2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略。 She said (that) her ambition was to enter a key university, that she would study hard to make her dream come true, and that she would live up to her parents’ expectations. 她说她的志向是考上一所重点大学，她会努力学习，实现自己的梦想，不辜负父母的期望。 考点二 主语从句 1. that引导主语从句 that引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在句子中不作任何成分,也无任何意义。有时为了平衡句子结构,用it充当形式主语,而将that从句置于后面。that引导主语从句时通常不能省略,尤其是位于句首时。主语从句中常用it作形式主语的句型有: (1)It+be+形容词 (clear, obvious, true, possible, certain, important, necessary, strange, natural, likely, surprising, vital等) + that从句 (2)It+be+名词(词组)(a pity, a shame, an honour, a fact, no wonder, no surprise等) + that从句 (3)It+be+过去分词 (said, reported, announced, proved, thought, expected, hoped, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, required, demanded等) + that从句。在上述it充当形式主语的句型中,若形容词是important, necessary, strange, natural, vital, essential等,过去分词中的动词是表“建议、命令、要求、请求”的动词,如suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, require, request, urge, demand等,那么that从句中的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,其中should可以省略。 (4)It+不及物动词(短语) (happened, occurred, seemed, appeared, turned out等)+that从句 考点三 宾语从句 宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子。其语序是陈述句语序。引导宾语从句的词有who, whom, whose, what, which, that, how, when, where, why, whether, if等 1. it作形式宾语 (1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make+it+宾补(形容词或名词)+不定式/从句 (2)动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy+it+从句 (3)短语动词see to/ depend on/rely on+it+从句 (4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that+从句 No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。 考点四 表语从句 1. why与because 引导表语从句的区别 why与because 引导表语从句时，前者强调结果，后者强调原因。 I had a cold.That was why I didn’t attend school. 我感冒了，因此我没去上学。 I didn’t attend school. That was because I had a cold. 我没去上学，那是因为我感冒了。 注意：(1)句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because。 The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。 (2)由why引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导。 Why we decided to put off the match was that the weather was too terrible. 我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。 2. as if/though引导的表语从句 as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be等后面，从句中既可以用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。 It sounds as if somebody is knocking at/on the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。 She treats him as if he were a stranger.她待他如陌生人。 考点五 同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：advice, conclusion, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, promise, question, suggestion, thought, truth, wish, word, evidence, belief, order等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that, whether, how, where, when, why等。同位语从句是完整的句子，引导词不作成分且去掉同位语从句原句仍然完整。 The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. 经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。 【易混辨析】与定语从句的区别： (1)定语从句中名词充当成分；同位语从句中不充当成分 (2)定语从句中连接代词作宾语时可以省略；同位语从句中连接代词不可以省略 (3)同位语从句中遇到 order, requirement, suggestion, advice 等词，要用虚拟语气 You have to take my advice that you (should) read newspaper one hour a day. (4)同位语从句离所修饰的名词可能较远 Word came that the team beat the opponent. A good idea occurred to me that we can hold a fare-well party for her. (5)同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的名词，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, suggestion，belief等，而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词，还可以是代词。 考点一：主语从句 1. I think ________ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses. A. whether B. that C. which D. what 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我认为他的画给我留下深刻印象的是他使用的颜色。分析句子结构可知，think后接宾语从句，宾语从句省略了连接代词that，从句中空格处引导主语从句作宾语从句的主语，主语从句缺少主语，表示“……的(事情等)”，用连接代词what引导主语从句，宾语从句谓语动词是is。故选D。 2. ________ is strange is that she always wears sunglasses indoors, even at night. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：奇怪的是，她总是在室内戴着墨镜，甚至在晚上也是如此。根据句中的第二个系动词is及其后that引导的表语从句可知，空处应为主语从句的引导词，主语从句中缺少主语，表示“奇怪的事情”，应填what引导主语从句并在主语从句中作主语，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 3. ________ breaks the law should be punished. A. Who B. Those C. Anyone D. Whoever 【答案】D 【详解】考查主语从句引导词。句意：任何违法法律的人，都会受到惩罚。分析句子并根据句意可知，空处应使用whoever引导主语从句，相当于anyone who或者those who，表泛指含义，意为“任何人…都…”。who一般特指。故选D项。 1. ________ made him feel satisfied was that his students were able to read, speak and write in English. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：让他感到满意的是，他的学生能够用英语读、说、写。分析句子结构，这是一个包含主语从句的复合句，因空白处在主语从句中作主语，指事物，使用连接词what连接主语从句，故填What。 2. ________ Tom will go to my birthday party mattered a lot to me. A. What B. Whether C. That D. Which 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句的引导词。句意：汤姆是否将来参加我的生日聚会对我来说很重要。________ Tom will go to my birthday party是主语从句部分，成分齐全，结合句意空格处表达：是否，要用whether引导。故选B。 3. ________ Eric likes most about Shanghai is probably its wide variety of food. A. That B. Where C. Which D. What 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：有关上海，埃里克最喜欢的可能是它的各种各样的食物。分析句子可知，该空引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，表示“所……的”，用what，故选D项。 4. --________ makes your son feel blue today? --________ to watch his favourite cartoon Paw Patrol. A. What it is that; To be forbidden B. What is that; Forbidden C. What is it that; Being forbidden D. That is what; Having forbidden 【答案】C 【详解】考查强调句型和非谓语动词。句意：——是什么让你儿子今天心情不好？——不让他看他最喜欢的卡通《狗狗巡逻队》。分析句子结构可知，第一空为强调句型的特殊疑问句，即：疑问词What+ is it+ that+其余部分；第二空为非谓语动词，作主语用动名词，且son与forbide之间是被动关系，所以用Being forbidden，故C项正确。 5. With your help, there is no doubt ________ our plan is meant for will work out successfully. A. what that B. whether that C. that what D. that whether 【答案】C 【详解】考查连接词。句意：在你的帮助下，毫无疑问，我们的计划将成功地实现。there is no doubt…“毫无疑问……”,为同位语从句，从句中为句子做主语，for缺少宾语，所以用what来充当for的宾语。故选C项。 考点二：宾语从句 1.(2024-2025学年安徽师范大学附属中学高中自主招生考试)— Could you please tell me ________? — Well, he is kind and helpful. Everyone in our club likes him very much. A. what does your buddy like B. what is your buddy like C. what your buddy likes D. what your buddy is like 【答案】D 【详解】考查宾语从句与情景交际。句意：——你能告诉我你的朋友是什么样的人吗？——嗯，他很友善且乐于助人。我们俱乐部的每个人都特别喜欢他。A. what does your buddy like你的朋友喜欢什么；B. what is your buddy like你的朋友是个什么样的人；C. what your buddy likes你的朋友喜欢什么；D. what your buddy is like你的朋友是个什么样的人。空处作tell的宾语从句，需用陈述语序，可排除A和B项；结合“he is kind and helpful”可知，答句回答的是性格如何，问句应询问性格特征，即what your buddy is like“你的朋友是什么样的人”。故选D。 2. Van Gogh painted ________ he saw from his window. 【答案】what 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：梵高画出了他从窗外看到的画面。分析句子可知，painted后跟了一个宾语从句，宾语从句的引导词在从句中作saw的宾语，表示从他的窗户外看到的东西，所以由what引导宾语从句，故填what。 3. Van Gogh painted ________ he saw from his window---the night sky with clouds, stars and a moon. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：梵高画了他从窗户看到的东西，有夜空、星星和月亮。分析句子结构可知，在 painted后面是宾语从句，从句谓语动词saw缺少宾语，且指代事物，应用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。 1. I want to know ________ it is worth doing. A. until B. unless C. whether D. before 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我想知道这是否值得做。根据句意和句子结构可知， _______ it is worth doing为宾语从句，空格处单词引导的句子作know的宾语，从句中不缺成分，根据句意“是否”可知，应用whether引导从句，意为“是否”。故选C项。 2. I believe ________ a good movie should be a good story first and a piece of art second. A. what B. which C. that D. who 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我认为一部好电影首先应该是一个好故事，其次才是一件艺术品。空处引导宾语从句，从句句意完整，不缺少任何成分，应用无任何意义只起连接作用的that引导宾语从句，故选C。 3. —There is so much to get done today. —I will help you with ________ you need. Just name it! A. whatever B. however C. whenever D. whoever 【答案】A 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：——今天要做的事情太多了。——你需要什么我都可以帮你，只要你说出来！A.whatever无论什么；B.however无论怎样；C.whenever无论什么时候；D.whoever无论谁。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少need后面的宾语，表示“无论什么”，应用whatever来引导宾语从句，故选A。 4. I wonder if you can tell me ________ Tom is I can't find him anywhere. A. where B. who C. when D. what 【答案】A 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我想知道你是否能告诉我汤姆在哪里——我到处都找不到他。分析句子，此处引导的是宾语从句，根据后文的 I can't find him anywhere，可知，引导词表示“哪儿里”用where。故选A。 5. But this is the first time that I ________ an application and the personal resume, so I don’t know ________ there is something to pay attention to. A. had written; whether B. wrote; what C. have been written; why D. have written; if 【答案】D 【详解】考查固定句型和宾语从句。句意：但是这是我第一次写申请信和个人简历，因此我不知道是否有要注意的东西。根据句子结构和意思可知，第一个空考查固定句型“this is the+序数词+ time that+主语+现在完成时”的结构，表示“这是某人第...次做某事”的意思，故填have written；第二个空考查宾语从句，从句“there is something to pay attention to”中句子基本成分完整，和主句间需要“是否”的意思，故填if或whether。故选D。 考点三：表语从句 1. I will attend an important meeting, and this is ________ I can’t go to the bookstore with you. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我要参加一个重要会议，这就是我不能和你去书店的原因。此空引导表语从句，在从句中作状语，用连接副词，主句主语“this”指代上文“I will attend an important meeting(我要参加一个重要会议)”,是“I can’t go to the bookstore with you(我不能和你去书店)”的原因，此表语从句用连接副词why“(说明理由)为什么，……的原因”引导。故填why。 2. What we can say is that this is ________ the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it’s not just one pattern. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我们能说的是，这就是长时间看屏幕的孩子大脑的样子。而且这不仅仅是一种模式。“____ the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens”为表语从句，从句中缺少like的宾语，表示“……的样子”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 3. What struck me deeply was ________ English surrounded me once more, a persistent reflection of the familiarity I didn’t realize I’d grown tired of. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：让我深感震惊的是，当英语再次围绕着我时，那种熟悉感是一种持续的反映，而我却没有意识到自己已经对这种熟悉感到厌倦了。空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，所以用that引导。故填that。 1. The reason why I didn’t go to shanghai was ________ a new job. A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got 【答案】D 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我没有去上海的原因是我找到了一份新工作。The reason why…was that...表示“……原因是……”。that引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整。故选D。 2. What puzzles them most is ________ they can remember more words in such a short time. A. what B. that C. where D. how 【答案】D 【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：最让他们困惑的是他们如何能在这么短的时间内记住更多的单词。空处为表语从句连接词，表示方式，用连接副词how。故选how。 3. The most unforgettable moment for me was ________ I graduated from high school. A. when B. where C. how D. why 【答案】A 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我最难忘的瞬间是我高中毕业的时候。was后面为表语从句，从句缺少时间状语应用when引导。故选A。 4. —Do you think it wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children? —No, that’s ________ they are mistaken. A. where B. what C. when D. how 【答案】A 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：—你认为中国的妈妈给孩子做一切的事情是明智的吗？—不，那正是她们错误的地方。本句中的____ they are mistaken是一个表语从句，与前面的系动词is构成系表结构。在句中where作地点状语,，表示“……的地方”。what“……的(东西，样子等)”；when“……的时候”；how“如何；……的方式”。根据句意说明A正确。故选A。 5. Perseverance is a kind of quality, and that’s ________ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：毅力是一种品质，是做好任何事情所需要的。此处为表语从句，在从句中作宾语，所以用连接代词what引导。故选A。 考点四：同位语从句 1. There is still some doubt ________ the autumn sports meet will be held in our school. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：秋季运动会是否会在我们学校举行仍然存在一些疑问。设空处引导同位语从句，用来解释说明名词 doubt的具体内容。该从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语等主要成分，根据句意，表示“是否”用whether引导该同位语从句。故填whether。 2. I have no idea ________ we will spend our holiday. 【答案】where 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我不知道我们要在哪里度假。本空引导同位语从句，对抽象名词idea的具体内容进行解释说明；从句中缺少地点状语，应用连接副词where引导。故填where。 3. I have no idea ________ on earth made Simon so upset. 【答案】what 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我不知道到底是什么让西蒙这么难过。空格处引导的是同位语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“我不知道到底是什么让西蒙这么难过”，因此空格处用what引导同位语从句，故填what。 1. The news ________ a bridge over the road right in front of our school will be built next year excites us greatly. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我们学校正前方的路上将在明年建一座桥的消息使我们非常兴奋。分析句子结构可知，本句为同位语从句，解释说明名词news的具体内容，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导。故选B。 2. The National Railway Administration recently released a draft guideline ________ train tickets may be priced based on age instead of height. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 【答案】B 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：近日，国家铁路局发布了火车票定价指导意见征求意见稿，车票定价可由身高改为年龄。空格处引导的是同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此空格处用that引导同位语从句，故选B。 3. －Is there any ________ that people used to live at the site? －Yes. Scientists found some house sites and tools there. A. evidence B. achievement C. review D. belief 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——是否有证据表明人们曾经住在该地点？——是的。科学家们在那里发现了一些房屋遗址和工具。A. evidence证据；B. achievement成就；C. review复习；D. belief信念。分析句子结构，此句为that引导的同位语从句。从句people used to live at the site是前面名词evidence的具体内容或解释说明。故选A项。 4. There is some evidence, scientists report, ________ eating garlic may guard against cancer. A. which B. that C. as D. who 【答案】B 【详解】考查同位语从句的连接词。句意：科学家报告说，有一些证据表明吃大蒜可以预防癌症。分析句子成分可知，scientists report 是插入语，some evidence和eating garlic may guard against cancer是同位语，因此要用that连接，且that不充当成分，也不能省略。故选B项。 5. Scientists are studying animals to look for proof ________ they have feelings similar to ours. A. that B. what C. whether D. which 【答案】A 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家们正在研究动物，以寻找它们与我们有相似感觉的证据。抽象名词proof之后的从句they have feelings similar to ours不缺少句子成分，说明了proof的具体内容，因此是proof的同位语从句，且从句结构和意思完整，故用that引导。故选A项。 一、单项选择 1. It is raining heavily. ________ depends on the weather. A. When the Sports Meeting will be held B. When the Sports Meeting will hold C. When will the Sports Meeting be held D. When will the Sports Meeting hold 【答案】A 【详解】考查主语从句的语序和动词的时态语态。句意：天正在下大雨。运动会何时举行取决于天气。空格处是When引导的主语从句，连接词位于句首，引导主语从句，其后要用陈述语序，排除CD。主语the Sports Meeting与动词hold“举办”之间是被动关系，运动会尚未举行，因此用一般将来时态的被动语态。故选A。 2. The Millennium City was built with Qingming Riverside Landscape as the blueprint, which was painted by Zhang Zeduan, ________ in the Northern Song Dynasty. A. a famous painter B. was a famous painter C. is a famous painter D. that was a famous painter 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这座被一个著名的画家张择端在北宋时画的千年城市，与清明河滨景观一起被当做蓝图来建造。填空处修饰画家张择端，此处a famous painter是对前面的Zhang Zeduan进一步解释和说明作同位语，可以看成定语从句who was a famous painter，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故排除Ｄ。故选A。 3. — Is that old factory ________ you often refer to? — Right, just the one ________ I worked for years. A. the one; that B. one; which C. what; where D. which; that 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词性从句和定语从句。句意：——那个旧工厂就是你经常提到的吗？——对，就是我工作多年的那个旧工厂。第一句的主语为that old factory，is是系动词，______ you often refer to为表语从句，表语从句中的refer to后面缺少宾语，名词从句中缺少宾语一般用what，故第一个空填what。第二句the one(=the factory)是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，把先行词放入句中为I worked in the factory for years,要用where,所以选C。 4. The problem is ________ to take the place of Ted. A. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get 【答案】C 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：问题是我们可以让谁代替Ted。设空处为连接词引导表语从句的一部分；根据句意，此处表“让谁代替Ted”，应用连接词who，且从句应用陈述句语序，情态动词can要置于主语we之后。故选C。 5. He didn’t know which room ________. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did the live D. did the live in 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他不知道他们住在哪个房间。分析句子可知，which引导宾语从句，作宾语room的定语，由于live是不及物动词，后面要加介词，再跟宾语。宾语从句用陈述语序，根据主句didn’t know可知，从句谓语用一般过去时，所以从句应是which room they lived in。故选B项。 6. Mother asked Tom ________ last night. A. when did he go to bed B. when he went to bed C. when he goes to bed D. when does he go to bed 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：妈妈问汤姆昨晚什么时候上床睡觉的。本句考查宾语从句，根据时间状语last night可知，此处要使用一般过去时，且宾语从句要使用陈述句语序，故选择B项。 7. ________ he has finished writing the novel is unknown. A. If B. Whether C. When D. While 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句引导词。句意：他是否已经写完小说还不知道。主语从句放句首表“是否”用whether，不用if。注意不能选when，如果要用when，则主语从句中要用一般将来时。 8. ________ she was chosen made us very happy. A. What B. That C. Why D. How 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：她被选上了使我们非常高兴。引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故用只起连接作用的that。故选B。 9. ________ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. A. It B. This C. What D. As 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。分析句子可知，本题考查主语从句，从句缺少主语，且指物，所以用what引导。故选C。 10. ________ we can pass the coming examination will mainly depend on ________ we learn and ________ we learn it. A. Whether; what; how B. That; whether; why C. If; how; that D. Why; that; how 【答案】A 【详解】第一空填whether引导主语从句，第二空填what引导宾语从句，what做宾语从句的宾语，第三空填how，也是宾语从句，做宾语从句的状语句意：是否我们能通过即将到来的考试取决于我们学的东西和我们是怎么学的。选A。 二、单句语法填空 1. ________ this trend suggests is that people’s shift to remote work contributes to the slow rebound of the senior housing market. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这一趋势表明，人们转向远程工作，导致老年人住房市场缓慢回升。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作整个句子的主语，主语从句缺少宾语，结合句意可知，该宾语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。 2. There is still some doubt ________ the autumn sports meet will be held in our school. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：秋季运动会是否会在我们学校举行仍然存在一些疑问。设空处引导同位语从句，用来解释说明名词 doubt的具体内容。该从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语等主要成分，根据句意，表示“是否”用whether引导该同位语从句。故填whether。 3. I have seen ________ vigorously they grow without me. 【答案】how 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我看到它们在没有我的情况下生长得多么旺盛。此处引导宾语从句，从句主谓结构完整，根据句意可知，表示“如何”应用连接副词how引导。故填how。 4. People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure ________ it will happen .But do see it say that they will never forget it. 【答案】whether/if; whoever 【详解】考查宾语从句和主语从句。句意：人们跋涉数千公里去看极光，但他们永远无法确定极光是否会出现。但那些确实看到了极光的人说，他们永远不会忘记它。第一空处为宾语从句的引导词，从句不缺成分，但缺少“是否”之意，应用whether或if引导宾语从句。第二个空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，且表示“无论是谁”，所以用whoever引导该从句。故填①whether/if②whoever。 5. ________ matters to a museum is not how many visitors it has, but ________ close it is to people’s daily lives. 【答案】What; how 【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。句意：对一家博物馆来说，重要的不是有多少游客，而是他们离人们的日常生活有多近。第一空引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……事物”应用what，首字母大写；第二空为表语从句，表示“多么”应用how。故填①What；②how。 6. The question is ________ machines can ever really think in all these aspects. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：问题是机器是否真的能在所有这些方面进行思考。设空处前为系动词is，故设空处引导表语从句，从句不缺句子成分但句意不完整，再结合空前的“The question”可知，此处表示“是否”符合语境。故填whether。 7. The exact places Snow marked on the map were ________ all those who had lived. 【答案】where 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：斯诺在地图上标注的精确位置，就是所有那些人曾经居住过的地方。设空处前为系动词were，故设空处引导表语从句，从句缺少地点，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 8. People used to hold the belief ________ the earth was the center of the universe. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：人们过去常常持有这样的信念——地球是宇宙的中心。“the earth was the center of the universe”是对名词“belief”的具体内容的解释说明，是一个同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，应用连词that引导。故填that。 9. There is no doubt in my mind ________ he is the best candidate. 【答案】that 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我坚信他是最佳候选人。此处为同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容，从句结构和意义完整，应用that引导。且“There is no doubt that... ”为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”。故填that。 10. I couldn’t bear the thought ________ these forests would be lost forever. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我无法忍受这样的想法：这些森林将会永远消失。说明thought的内容，引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意。故填that。 一、阅读理解 A The Four Best Wildlife Experiences in Bali Ready to start great adventures? Check out the four most exciting ways to experience wildlife in Bali! Ubud Monkey Forest Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) Got some monkey business going on? Head down to Ubud Monkey Forest, a shelter for over 700 long-tailed monkeys. These mammals are known to be clever and playful, so chances are that you’ll get robbed of your snacks when you’re not watching! However, don’t be mad because they mean no harm. They won’t hurt you as long as you don’t grab or touch them suddenly. Bali Reptile Park Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) For a wildlife experience that’s a little bolder(冒险的), head to Bali Reptile Park. Inside this man-made jungle is the most extensive collection of reptiles in Southeast Asia! Be prepared to drop your jaw upon seeing the alligators and crocodiles(鳄鱼) walking around near the pond. With a guided animal encounter, you can get up close with them! Bali Bird Park Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) Bali Bird Park houses over 1,000 birds of 250 rare species. You’ll spot all the colors of the rainbow as birds of all shapes and sizes fly to you. Catch the magnificent Scarlet Macaw and the stylish Balinese Mynah. Apart from these, there are also tons of unique experiences in the park like meeting the endangered Komodo dragons. Lombok Wildlife Park Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) This park makes the most out of your zoo experience with lots of fun-filled activities, starting with an elephant meeting and greeting and capping off the day with afternoon tea with some friendly animals. Walking around the park, you’ll also get to see Kaka and Kiki, the park’s adorable baby orangutans(红毛猩猩). Lombok Wildlife Park offers plenty of close encounters with animals to make your Bali trip shine! 1. Which of the following offers a more adventurous experience? A. Bali Reptile Park. B. Ubud Monkey Forest. C. Bali Bird Park. D. Lombok Wildlife Park. 2. What can visitors do in Lombok Wildlife Park? A. Ride elephants. B. Feed some alligators. C. Play with crocodiles. D. Interact with orangutans. 3. What do the four have in common? A. They forbid taking food in. B. They are open at the same time. C. They involve endangered animals. D. They focus on wildlife protection. 4. What can we learn about Ubud Monkey Forest? A. It is home to over 1,000 monkeys. B. Visitors can freely touch the monkeys. C. Monkeys there may take away visitors’ snacks. D. It closes earlier on weekends than on weekdays. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了巴厘岛四大野生动物体验景点，主要包括开放时间、特色活动与注意事项。 1. 细节理解题。根据Bali Reptile Park第二段中“For a wildlife experience that’s a little bolder (冒险的), head to Bali Reptile Park.(若想有更冒险一点的野生动物体验，不妨前往巴厘岛爬行动物公园)”可知，巴厘岛爬行动物公园提供更具冒险性的体验。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据Lombok Wildlife Park第二段中“Walking around the park, you’ll also get to see Kaka and Kiki, the park’s adorable baby orangutans (红毛猩猩). Lombok Wildlife Park offers plenty of close encounters with animals to make your Bali trip shine! (在公园里散步，你还会看到公园里可爱的小红毛猩猩Kaka和Kiki。龙目岛野生动物园提供了许多与动物的亲密接触，让你的巴厘岛之旅闪耀)”可知，在龙目岛野生动物园里，游客可以与红毛猩猩互动。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据四个景点的开放时间都为“Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) (开放时间：上午9时至下午5时(星期一至星期日))”可知，四个景点开放时间相同。故选B项。 4. 细节理解题。根据Ubud Monkey Forest第二段中“These mammals are known to be clever and playful, so chances are that you’ll get robbed of your snacks when you’re not watching! (众所周知，这些哺乳动物既聪明又顽皮，所以当你不注意的时候，你的零食很有可能被抢走)”可知，那里的猴子可能会拿走游客的零食。故选C项。 B When Tina Farr visits the year 2 classroom at her Oxford primary school, she can feel the changed atmosphere since play was put firmly back on the curriculum(课程). “The children come running up with things they have made. There is always a shop on the go so they will be pricing up something or finding change.” the headteacher says. Play-based learning — letting children move around, make up games and explore within loosely guided activities — usually stops when they attend primary school. Lessons then become desk-based, focused on reading and writing. Farr had long championed the value of play, working hard to bring it into breaktimes. “Teachers would recognise what we do and it doesn’t take any more planning than the standard approach.” With play-based learning in place for her year 1 and 2 children, Farr then looked at where else she could change any practices that weren’t working. “If a practice isn’t in line with healthy child development, why are we doing it?” The school’s year 5 children — aged nine and 10 — were struggling to sit still in a tight space so she removed all the furniture. “The impact was immediate and impressive. Children now choose where and how to learn. A class once struggling with attention is now calm and engaged.” A teacher note: “Their self-regulation has improved greatly. They settle down to work much more readily.” Farr believes the outdated system needs urgent change. “We have neuroscience (神经科学) to know children learn through play.” In June the school sailed through its Ofsted inspection. “The inspector really understood our play-based learning.” Farr’s message is that her approach can be rolled out. “It’s blown my mind how engaged the children are. It’s phenomenal,” she says. 5. What change does Farr bring to her school? A. Additional income. B. Flexible environments. C. Upgraded equipment D. Diverse outdoor games. 6. What is the main reason for Farr to introduce play-based learning? A. To reduce teacher’ workload. B. To enhance the school’s reputation. C. To improve students’ academic results. D. To promote kids’ well-being and growth. 7. Which best describes the students with the new seating arrangement? A. More focused. B. More energetic. C. More self-centred. D. More courageous. 8. What is the last paragraph mainly about concerning Farr’s approach? A. Its theory. B. Its challenge. C. Its purpose. D. Its effectiveness. 【答案】5. B 6. D 7. A 8. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述牛津某小学的校长Tina Farr在学校推行以游戏为基础的学习模式，调整教学环境，促进学生健康发展并取得良好效果的故事。 5. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The school’s year 5 children — aged nine and 10 — were struggling to sit still in a tight space so she removed all the furniture. “The impact was immediate and impressive. Children now choose where and how to learn. A class once struggling with attention is now calm and engaged.”(该校五年级学生(年龄在 9 至 10 岁之间)曾难以在狭小空间里安静坐好，于是她移除了所有家具。“效果立竿见影，十分显著。现在孩子们可以自主选择学习的地点和方式。曾经难以集中注意力的班级，如今变得安静且专注投入。”)”可知，Farr为学校带来的改变是灵活的学习环境。故选B项。 6. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Farr had long changed the value of play, working hard to bring it into breaktimes. “Teachers would recognize what we do and it doesn’t take any motto planning than the standard approach.” With play-based learning in place for her year 1 and 2 children, Farr then looked at where else she could change any practices that weren’t working. “If a practice isn’t in line with healthy child development, why are we doing it?”(Farr长期以来一直倡导游戏的价值，并努力推动游戏融入课间休息时间。“老师们会认可我们所做的事，而且相比常规方法，这种方式并不需要额外的规划。”在为她所带的一年级和二年级学生落实好游戏化学习后，Farr接着开始审视其他方面，试图找出那些行不通的做法并进行改进。“如果一种做法不符合儿童的健康发展规律，我们为什么还要坚持呢？”)”以及第四段中调整家具后学生专注力和自我调节能力提升的效果可知，Farr推行以游戏为基础的学习模式，主要是为了促进孩子的健康和成长。故选D项。 7. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的““The impact was immediate and impressive. Children now choose where and how to learn. A class once struggling with attention is now calm and engaged.” A teacher note: “Their self-regulation has improved greatly. They settle down to work much more readily.”(“效果立竿见影，且十分显著。现在孩子们可以自主选择学习的地点和方式。曾经难以集中注意力的班级，如今变得安静且专注投入。” 一位老师这样写道：“孩子们的自我调节能力有了很大提升，他们能更主动地静下心来学习了。”)”可知，新的座位安排(灵活的学习环境)让学生更专注了。故选A项。 8. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“In June the school sailed through its Ofsted inspection. “The inspector really understood our play-based learning.” Farr’s message is that her approach can be rolled out. “It’s blown my mind how engaged the children are. It’s phenomenal,” she says.(六月份，这所学校顺利通过了英国教育标准局(Ofsted)的检查。“检查员完全理解我们的游戏化学习模式。”Farr 表示，她的教学方法是可以推广的。“孩子们的投入程度让我非常惊喜，太了不起了。” 她说。)”可知，该段主要通过学校通过检查、检查员认可、学生进步显著等内容，体现Farr推行的方法的有效性。故选D项。 C Some might suggest that a doorstopper about “the influence of the horse on human history” couldn’t possibly be interesting. No. I say no. In fact, Timothy C. Winegard’s The Horse is fantastic, offering a fresh view on how crucial horses were in human development. And it almost didn’t happen. Sudden climate changes at the end of the Ice Age drove horses to the edge of extinction. The rest of the animals once found through much of the world were then largely limited to an area that runs roughly from Eastern Europe to Central Asia — where they were hunted for food. The horse might have gone the way of other animals had it not been tamed(驯化) like cattle. When someone decided to jump on the back of one of the horses, it started “a revolution” that changed the world. Riding horses helped farmers raise more sheep and goats, and hunters cover more ground. When horses replaced oxen, their quicker speed allowed more land to be handled, increased yields and changed farmers to exporters. Naturally, horses became instruments of war. The earliest known true cavalry(骑兵) formation belonged to the Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta II. In relatively short order, cavalry units made the difference in battle. Those nations that had horses won wars; those that didn’t tried to get them. In many ways, these conflicts created the world we have today. Alexander extended the boundaries of his kingdom — and Greek culture — through Persia, India and beyond because of the success of his cavalry. Besides, horses were the deciding factor in the Battle of Hastings, where William, the Duke of Normandy — who had cavalry units — soundly defeated the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, creating the modern British state. The Horse is extensively researched. It is interesting, charming and entertaining. But I know: I can lead you to a bookstore, but I can’t make you read. 9. When did horses start to make the world different? A. After people domesticated them for riding. B. After Asians raised them as a food source. C. After they were exported all over the world. D. After the climate changed during the Ice Age. 10. What is the advantage of horses? A. Power. B. Bravery. C. Efficiency. D. Intelligence. 11. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The training of cavalry for battles. B. The contributions of horses in wars. C. The fantastic achievements of kings. D. The expansion of powerful kingdoms. 12. What is the purpose of the text? A. To astonish the curious readers. B. To summarize the recent history. C. To criticize an improper viewpoint. D. To recommend an awesome book. 【答案】9. A 10. C 11. B 12. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇书评。文章旨在推荐Timothy C. Winegard的著作《The Horse》，并通过反驳“马对人类历史的影响无趣”这一偏见，强调马在人类文明发展中的核心作用。 9. 细节理解题。根据第三段“When someone decided to jump on the back of one of the horses, it started “a revolution” that changed the world.(当有人决定跳上一匹马的背时，就开始了一场改变世界的“革命”。)” 可知马在人们驯养它们用于骑马之后开始改变世界的，故选A。 10. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Riding horses helped farmers raise more sheep and goats, and hunters cover more ground. When horses replaced oxen, their quicker speed allowed more land to be handled, increased yields and changed farmers to exporters.(骑马可以帮助农民饲养更多的绵羊和山羊，猎人也可以覆盖更多的土地。当马取代了牛，它们更快的速度使更多的土地得到处理，增加了产量，并使农民变成了出口商。)” 可知马帮助农民饲养更多的绵羊和山羊，帮助猎人获得更多的土地，并且代替牛提高了生产效率，所以马的优势就是效率，故选C。 11. 主旨大意题。根据第四段首句“Naturally, horses became instruments of war.(马自然成为了战争的工具。)”以及整段介绍，可知本段主要讲述马在战争中的贡献，故选B。 12. 推理判断题。本文通过《The Horse》一书，以清晰的逻辑和历史案例，论证了马对人类文明的深刻影响，并通过推荐此书传递“坚持探索未知”的价值观。所以文章的目的就是推荐一本很棒的书。故选D。 D Quick: what’s your best friend’s phone number? Don’t feel bad if you couldn’t answer off the top of your head. You have no reason to commit phone numbers to memory: it’s just there in your phone. Or perhaps you once had a phone book to store them. In either case, an object does the remembering for you. “Prosthetic memory”(人工记忆) is nothing new. Writing itself has been a means of storing information. Yet the information revolution has generated more data than ever before. We are flooded with information. We’re creating more of it, and keeping more of it, The storage capacity of the human brain has since been eclipsed. No wonder, then, that we’re increasingly dependent on memory prostheses, from libraries to smartphones. Not everyone thinks this trend in external memory is good. Historically, memory prostheses were expensive. As technologies such as printing and photography become more affordable, sharing experiences with others is easier than ever. So every breakfast, every sunset, every encounter with a cat finds its way on to social media. And here comes the worry. When we devote ourselves to capturing and sharing the world in this way, something immensely valuable is lost; when recording so much of our lives, we’re forgetting to actually live them. We put something between ourselves and the world-a camera-instead of just being in the moment, and so disconnect ourselves from experience. But is our social media-driven transformation wholly bad? If we’re still creating and sharing memories like this, perhaps this is because we’ve not had sufficient time to learn how to do these things without thinking about what we’re doing. It is easy to ignore that the mass social media era is less than a decade old. That’s just a short blink (眨眼)in human history, yet it has totally changed how we live. I suspect we’re not far off from being directly faced with experience yet with the ability to share experience in ways less bounded by geography and time. After all, technology can do what our fragile meat-computers can’t: protect all the moments of a life that would otherwise be lost. 13. What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A. We rely more on tools to memorize. B. We are burdened with phone numbers. C. Technology weakens our brains. D. Technology distances us from our friends. 14. What does the underlined word “eclipsed” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Improved. B. Outperformed. C. Restricted. D. Undervalued. 15. What negative effect does online sharing bring about? A. An overflow of posts. B. High cost of digital devices. C. Addiction to the virtual world. D. Disregard for authentic experience. 16. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A. Have faith in human brains. B. Take time to adapt to digital age. C. Quicken the pace of development. D. Make efforts to enhance memory. 【答案】13. A 14. B 15. D 16. B 【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍人们依赖手机等人工记忆工具，有人担忧社交媒体分享让人们忽视真实生活，但作者认为无需全盘否定，科技也能留存珍贵时刻。 13. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“You have no reason to commit phone numbers to memory: it’s just there in your phone. Or perhaps you once had a phone book to store them. In either case, an object does the remembering for you.(你没有理由把电话号码记在记忆里：它就在你的手机里。或者你曾经有一个电话簿来存储它们。在任何一种情况下，一个物体为你做记忆)”推知，我们更多地依赖工具进行记忆。故选A。 14. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The storage capacity of the human brain has since been eclipsed. No wonder, then, that we’re increasingly dependent on memory prostheses, from libraries to smartphones.(人类大脑的存储能力从此eclipsed。因此，从图书馆到智能手机，我们越来越依赖人工记忆也就不足为奇了)”可知，我们越来越依靠人工记忆，其原因是我们大脑的储存能力已经被超越。由此猜测，划线词意为“超越”，与outperformed同义。故选B。 15. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“When we devote ourselves to capturing and sharing the world in this way, something immensely valuable is lost; when recording so much of our lives, we’re forgetting to actually live them.(当我们致力于以这种方式捕捉和分享世界时，我们失去了一些极其宝贵的东西；当我们记录了这么多我们的生活，我们忘记了真正的生活)”可知，网上分享带来的负面影响是对真实体验的忽视。故选D。 16. 推理判断题题。根据最后一段中“But is our social media-driven transformation wholly bad? If we’re still creating and sharing memories like this, perhaps this is because we’ve not had sufficient time to learn how to do these things without thinking about what we’re doing. It is easy to ignore that the mass social media era is less than a decade old.(但这场由社交媒体推动的变革就完全是坏事吗？如果我们如今仍在以这种方式创造和分享回忆，或许是因为我们还没有足够的时间，去学会自然而然地做这些事。很容易忽略的一点是，大规模社交媒体时代至今还不到十年)”可知，大规模社交媒体时代时间不算太久，且人们还没有做到自然而然地去创造和分享回忆。由此推知，作者建议人们花时间去适应数字时代。故选B。 二、完形填空 It was 2017 when architect Oscar Issac received a call from Marcus Kampo, an Ivorian official. Over the line, Kampo’s voice ____1____ as he described his nation’s twin plagues(困境): a mass of plastic waste blocking sewers(下水道) and a ____2____ of schools, with a few existing ones needing ____3____ rebuilding. To have a clearer ____4____, Issac decided to see for himself. In Cote d’Ivoire’s busiest city, Issac was ____5____ by the sight of women carrying children on their backs while ____6____ plastic from garbage piles for very little money. Those images ____7____ into his mind. “I need to find a way to help,” Issac thought. “What if you could use the plastic waste to help solve construction problems?” For Issac, the ____8____ led to an invention that shows his value. Back at his company, he and his team ____9____ plastic into a set of building parts — bricks and columns, 95% made from plastic. These parts fit together like Lego. Builders just need to ____10____ a roof and windows to make a classroom. Now, 4,000 tons of waste have become 550 ____11____ classrooms, almost for 60 percent of what ____12____ construction methods cost. To ____13____ the brick-making technology further, Issac ____14____ his system to be easily transported in a 40-foot container. The technology feeds on trash, but as Kampo puts it, “the concept ____15____ turns trash into a solution.” 1. A. trembled B. shouted C. whispered D. laughed 2. A. majority B. puzzle C. number D. shortage 3. A. slight B. frequent C. normal D. convenient 4. A. identity B. picture C. guideline D. tip 5. A. shocked B. excited C. amused D. relaxed 6. A. producing B. preventing C. picking D. selling 7. A. faded B. burned C. jumped D. changed 8. A. protest B. application C. inspiration D. result 9. A. divided B. threw C. turned D. mixed 10. A. pull up B. take off C. break down D. put up 11. A. temporary B. digital C. functional D. ancient 12. A. traditional B. special C. creative D. reliable 13. A. promote B. access C. check D. remember 14. A. established B. performed C. replaced D. upgraded 15. A. simply B. brilliantly C. toughly D. narrowly 【答案】 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. D 15. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了建筑师奥斯卡·艾萨克利用塑料垃圾发明建筑材料，帮助科特迪瓦解决学校不足问题的故事。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：电话那头，坎波的声音颤抖着，他描述了国家面临的两大困境：大量塑料垃圾堵塞了下水道，学校不足，一些现有的学校需要频繁重建。A. trembled颤抖；B. shouted大喊；C. whispered低语；D. laughed大笑。根据后文“his nation’s twin plagues: a mass of plastic waste blocking sewers and a 2 of schools, with a few existing ones needing 3 rebuilding.”可推知，坎波描述国家面临的困境，所以声音颤抖。故选A项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：电话那头，坎波的声音颤抖着，他描述了国家面临的两大困境：大量塑料垃圾堵塞了下水道，学校不足，一些现有的学校需要频繁重建。A. majority多数；B. puzzle谜题；C. number数字；D. shortage短缺，不足。根据前文“described his nation’s twin plagues”可推知，既然是描述国家面临的困境，那么其中之一应该是学校不足。故选D项。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：电话那头，坎波的声音颤抖着，他描述了国家面临的两大困境：大量塑料垃圾堵塞了下水道，学校不足，一些现有的学校需要频繁重建。A. slight轻微的；B. frequent频繁的；C. normal正常的；D. convenient方便的。根据前文“a few existing ones”以及“rebuilding”可推知，现有学校也存在问题，需要频繁重建。故选B项。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了更清楚地了解情况，艾萨克决定亲自去看看。A. identity身份；B. picture情况；C. guideline指导方针；D. tip提示。根据后文“Issac decided to see for himself”可知，艾萨克决定亲自去看看，是为了更清楚地了解情况。故选B项。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在科特迪瓦最繁忙的城市，艾萨克被眼前的景象震惊了：妇女们背着孩子在垃圾堆中捡塑料，挣的钱却很少。A. shocked震惊的；B. excited兴奋的；C. amused愉快的；D. relaxed放松的。根据后文“the sight of women carrying children on their backs while 6 plastic from garbage piles for very little money”可知，妇女们背着孩子在垃圾堆中捡塑料挣钱，这样的景象让艾萨克感到震惊。故选A项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在科特迪瓦最繁忙的城市，艾萨克被眼前的景象震惊了：妇女们背着孩子在垃圾堆中捡塑料，挣的钱却很少。A. producing生产；B. preventing阻止；C. picking捡起；D. selling卖。根据后文“plastic from garbage piles”可知，妇女们在垃圾堆中捡塑料。故选C项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些画面深深地印在了他的脑海里。A. faded褪色；B. burned燃烧，铭刻；C. jumped跳跃；D. changed改变。根据前文可知，艾萨克为自己所看到的景象感到震惊，结合后文“into his mind”可推知，那些画面深深地印在了艾萨克的脑海里；burn into one’s mind“铭记在某人脑海中”。故选B项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对艾萨克来说，这个灵感带来了一项发明，展现了他的价值。A. protest抗议；B. application申请；C. inspiration灵感；D. result结果。根据前文“What if you could use the plastic waste to help solve construction problems?”以及后文“led to an invention”可知，这个想法带来了灵感，然后有了后面的发明。故选C项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到公司后，他和团队将塑料变成了一套建筑部件——砖和柱子，95%由塑料制成。A. divided划分；B. threw扔；C. turned转变；D. mixed混合。根据前文“use the plastic waste to help solve construction problems”和后文“plastic into a set of building parts”可知，他把塑料变成了建筑部件；turn...into...“把……变成……”。故选C项。 10. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：建筑工人只需要搭建屋顶和窗户就可以建成一间教室。A. pull up停车；B. take off起飞；C. break down分解；D. put up搭建。根据前文“These parts fit together like Lego.”和后文“a roof and windows to make a classroom”可知，这些部件像乐高积木，建筑工人要把它们搭建成一间教室。故选D项。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，4000吨垃圾已经变成了550间实用的教室，成本几乎是传统建筑方法的60%。A. temporary临时的；B. digital数字的；C. functional实用的；D. ancient古代的。根据前文“4,000 tons of waste”和后文“classrooms”可知，塑料垃圾变成了实用的教室。故选C项。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，4000吨垃圾已经变成了550间实用教室，成本几乎是传统建筑方法的60%。A. traditional传统的；B. special特殊的；C. creative有创造力的；D. reliable可靠的。根据后文“almost for 60 percent of”可知，此处把新的建造方法与传统建筑方法进行了对比。故选A项。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了进一步推广制砖技术，艾萨克对他的系统进行了升级，使其可以轻松地装在一个40英尺的集装箱中运输。A. promote推广；B. access接近；C. check检查；D. remember记得。根据后文“the brick-making technology further”可知，艾萨克想要进一步推广制砖技术。故选A项。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了进一步推广制砖技术，艾萨克对他的系统进行了升级，使其可以轻松地装在一个40英尺的集装箱中运输。A. established建立；B. performed表演；C. replaced代替；D. upgraded升级。根据后文“his system to be easily transported in a 40-foot container”可知，艾萨克对他的系统进行了升级，能运输变得更方便。故选D项。 15. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这项技术以垃圾为食，但正如坎波所说，“这个想法巧妙地将垃圾变成了一种解决方案。”A. simply简单地；B. brilliantly巧妙地；C. toughly艰难地；D. narrowly勉强地。根据前文“The technology feeds on trash”和后文“turns trash into a solution”可知，这个想法将垃圾变成了一种解决方案，很巧妙。故选B项。 三、语法填空 As temperatures rise across China, a new trend is taking hold. Outdoor sports, ___1___ draw citizens out of gyms and into the wilderness, test people’s physical limits and reconnect them with nature. One standout in this trend, the Spartan Race, has exploded in ___2___(popular) in many Chinese cities. So far, the race, along with its ___3___(mud) routes, high walls, and various obstacles, has gained significant attraction online as well. Last month, the Spartan China series ___4___(land) in Changchun while on October 16-17, the Spartan Kids World Championship will be held ___5___ the second time at Yunding Snow Park in Hebei Province. Each event challenges participants to complete distances ___6___(range) from 5 to 50 kilometers, with some ___7___(intense) demanding obstacles depending on the race category. In practice, the race involves climbing, hanging, and carrying sandbags, ___8___ total return to nature from gyms. Liu Mingyi, chief expert at the China Youth Sports and Physical Education Center, said that the rise of outdoor running competitions is far from accidental. “In the past, people stayed indoors, lifting weights in gyms. Now, there’s a growing desire ___9___(break) free from concrete buildings.” Liu commented. “These mud-stained events offer not just wildness, ___10___ a kind of close dialogue with nature.” 【答案】 1. which 2. popularity 3. muddy 4. landed 5. for 6. ranging 7. intensely 8. a 9. to break 10. but 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了目前在中国流行的户外运动——斯巴达障碍赛，包括其形式和意义。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：户外运动能将人们从健身房吸引到旷野之中，既挑战着人们的身体极限，也让人们重新与自然建立联结。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是outdoor sports，指物，代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 2. 考查名词。句意：在这一趋势中脱颖而出的是斯巴达障碍赛，它在中国许多城市都很受欢迎。作介词in的宾语，表示“受欢迎”应用提示词的名词形式popularity，抽象概念，不可数。故填popularity。 3. 考查形容词。句意：到目前为止，这项赛事，连同泥泞的路线、高墙和各种障碍，在网上也获得了极大的吸引力。修饰名词routes，表示“泥泞的”应用形容词muddy，作定语。故填muddy。 4. 考查时态。句意：上个月，斯巴达中国系列赛登陆长春；而10月16日至17日，斯巴达儿童世锦赛将在河北省云顶雪场第二次举办。空处为第一个分句的谓语动词，结合时间状语 Last month可知，句子为一般过去时。故填landed。 5. 考查介词。句意：上个月，斯巴达中国系列赛登陆长春；而10月16日至17日，斯巴达儿童世锦赛将在河北省云顶雪场第二次举办。结合句意，表达“第二次”用短语for the second time。故填for。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：每场赛事都要求参赛者完成5至50公里不等的赛程，且根据赛事类别不同，还会设置一些难度极高的障碍关卡。句中已有谓语动词challenges，空处为非谓语，range和逻辑主语distances之间为主动关系，应用现在分词ranging作后置定语。故填ranging。 7. 考查副词。句意：每场赛事都要求参赛者完成5至50公里不等的赛程，且根据赛事类别不同，还会设置一些难度极高的障碍关卡。修饰形容词demanding，应用副词intensely“非常”。故填intensely。 8. 考查冠词。句意：实际上，这项赛事包含攀爬、悬挂以及搬运沙袋等项目，是一场从健身房向自然的彻底回归。return“回归”是可数名词单数形式，此处为泛指，且修饰词total的发音是辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，人们越来越渴望从混凝土建筑中解脱出来。名词desire后常用不定式作后置定语，a desire to do sth.“做某事的渴望”。故填to break。 10. 考查并列连词。句意：这些泥泞的活动不仅提供了野性，而且提供了一种与自然的亲密对话。not just...but (also)...“不仅……而且……”是固定搭配。故填but。 四、应用文写作 学校英文网站正在举办主题为“AI & Our Future”的专栏征文活动，你代表学生会向全校同学发出英文倡议，呼吁大家向学校网站投稿，内容包括： 1. 活动意义； 2. 具体要求； 3. 呼吁与期待 注意： 1. 词数80词左右； 2. 倡议中不得出现真实校名或个人信息； 3. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯； 4. 开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 【答案】 Dear fellow students, AI brings big changes to our life. By submitting to the column, you have the chance to discuss its influence on education and daily life, and understand this technological wave better. You can share stories of using AI tools for study, predict how AI may change our future jobs, or voice thoughtful concerns about privacy issues. Ensure your work is original, and submit to the website by next Friday. Your ideas are invaluable. Let’s contribute diverse perspectives to paint a vivid picture of AI and our future. The Students’ Union 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。要求考生代表学生会向全校同学发出英文倡议，呼吁大家向学校英文网站正在举办的主题为“AI & Our Future”的专栏征文活动投稿。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累： ①机会：chance → opportunity ②影响：influence → impact ③确保：ensure → make sure ④描绘：paint → portray 2. 句式拓展： 同义句 原句：By submitting to the column, you have the chance to discuss its influence on education and daily life, and understand this technological wave better. 拓展句：If you submit to the column, you will get the opportunity to talk about its impact on education and daily life, thus having a better understanding of this technological wave. 【点睛】 【高分句型 1】You can share stories of using AI tools for study, predict how AI may change our future jobs, or voice thoughtful concerns about privacy issues.(运用 how引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型 2】Ensure your work is original, and submit to the website by next Friday.(运用了省略that的宾语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 名词性从句 ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 名词性从句引导词 1. 名词性从句的引导词及其功能 引导词 功能 从属 连词 that 在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义 whether, if 在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否” because, as if/though 在从句中不作任何成分，分别意为“因为”“好像” 连接代词 who(ever), whom(ever), what(ever), whose, which(ever) who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语； whom(ever)在从句中作宾语； which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语； whose在从句中作定语 连接副词 when(ever)，where，wherever，why，how(ever) 在从句中作状语 2. 名词性从句的语序是陈述语序 Do you know where the party will be held？ 3. 名词性从句的时态 (1)当主句是现在时态(一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)时， 从句可根据实际情况使用各种时态。 It annoys me that he broke my favourite vase. 他打碎了我最喜欢的花瓶，这令我很生气。 Do you know when and where he bought the book? 你知道他什么时候在哪里买的这本书吗？ I have heard that our teacher will come back tomorrow. 我听说我们的老师明天就回来了。 (2)当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也用某种过去时态。 I asked her if she would allow me to interview her，and she readily agreed. 我问她是否允许我采访她，她欣然同意了。 My teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 老师说太阳从东方升起西方落下。 (客观真理) 4. what与that的用法 that是从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。 I believe that I will succeed if I study hard. 我相信如果我努力学习我会成功的。 I believe what he said because he is an honest man. 我相信他说的话，因为他是个诚实的人。 5. whether与if的用法 (1)用whether或if均可的情况 ①引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可使用。 ②it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。 (2)用whether而不用if的情况 ①引导主语从句置于句首时； ②引导表语从句和同位语从句时； ③引导介词的宾语从句时； ④引导词与or not连用时； ⑤引导词后接to do时； ⑥有些动词如discuss，decide等后的宾语从句。 6. what, who, which与whatever, whoever, whichever引导名词性从句的区别 (1)what引导名词性从句意为“什么”，带有疑问意味；意为“……的事情”，表示肯定的意思。who意思是“谁”，带有疑问意味；which意思是“哪一个”，带有疑问意味。 Do you know who broke the window? 你知道是谁打坏的窗子吗？ (2)whatever，whoever，whichever意思分别为“所……的一切事或东西”，“任何……的人”“……的任何一种东西”等，并且充当成分，相当于anything that，anyone who等。 She is very dear to me.We have been prepared to do whatever it takes to save her life.＝She is very dear to me.We have been prepared to do anything that it takes to save her life. 她是我的至亲，我们已经准备好了不惜一切代价救她的命。 7. that不可省略的情况 (1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that引导表语从句时；that引导同位语从句时；当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。 (2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略。 She said (that) her ambition was to enter a key university, that she would study hard to make her dream come true, and that she would live up to her parents’ expectations. 她说她的志向是考上一所重点大学，她会努力学习，实现自己的梦想，不辜负父母的期望。 考点二 主语从句 1. that引导主语从句 that引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在句子中不作任何成分,也无任何意义。有时为了平衡句子结构,用it充当形式主语,而将that从句置于后面。that引导主语从句时通常不能省略,尤其是位于句首时。主语从句中常用it作形式主语的句型有: (1)It+be+形容词 (clear, obvious, true, possible, certain, important, necessary, strange, natural, likely, surprising, vital等) + that从句 (2)It+be+名词(词组)(a pity, a shame, an honour, a fact, no wonder, no surprise等) + that从句 (3)It+be+过去分词 (said, reported, announced, proved, thought, expected, hoped, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, required, demanded等) + that从句。在上述it充当形式主语的句型中,若形容词是important, necessary, strange, natural, vital, essential等,过去分词中的动词是表“建议、命令、要求、请求”的动词,如suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, require, request, urge, demand等,那么that从句中的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,其中should可以省略。 (4)It+不及物动词(短语) (happened, occurred, seemed, appeared, turned out等)+that从句 考点三 宾语从句 宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子。其语序是陈述句语序。引导宾语从句的词有who, whom, whose, what, which, that, how, when, where, why, whether, if等 1. it作形式宾语 (1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make+it+宾补(形容词或名词)+不定式/从句 (2)动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy+it+从句 (3)短语动词see to/ depend on/rely on+it+从句 (4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that+从句 No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。 考点四 表语从句 1. why与because 引导表语从句的区别 why与because 引导表语从句时，前者强调结果，后者强调原因。 I had a cold.That was why I didn’t attend school. 我感冒了，因此我没去上学。 I didn’t attend school. That was because I had a cold. 我没去上学，那是因为我感冒了。 注意：(1)句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because。 The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。 (2)由why引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导。 Why we decided to put off the match was that the weather was too terrible. 我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。 2. as if/though引导的表语从句 as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be等后面，从句中既可以用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。 It sounds as if somebody is knocking at/on the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。 She treats him as if he were a stranger.她待他如陌生人。 考点五 同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：advice, conclusion, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, promise, question, suggestion, thought, truth, wish, word, evidence, belief, order等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that, whether, how, where, when, why等。同位语从句是完整的句子，引导词不作成分且去掉同位语从句原句仍然完整。 The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. 经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。 【易混辨析】与定语从句的区别： (1)定语从句中名词充当成分；同位语从句中不充当成分 (2)定语从句中连接代词作宾语时可以省略；同位语从句中连接代词不可以省略 (3)同位语从句中遇到 order, requirement, suggestion, advice 等词，要用虚拟语气 You have to take my advice that you (should) read newspaper one hour a day. (4)同位语从句离所修饰的名词可能较远 Word came that the team beat the opponent. A good idea occurred to me that we can hold a fare-well party for her. (5)同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的名词，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, suggestion，belief等，而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词，还可以是代词。 考点一：主语从句 1. I think ________ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses. A. whether B. that C. which D. what 2. ________ is strange is that she always wears sunglasses indoors, even at night. 3. ________ breaks the law should be punished. A. Who B. Those C. Anyone D. Whoever 1. ________ made him feel satisfied was that his students were able to read, speak and write in English. 2. ________ Tom will go to my birthday party mattered a lot to me. A. What B. Whether C. That D. Which 3. ________ Eric likes most about Shanghai is probably its wide variety of food. A. That B. Where C. Which D. What 4. --________ makes your son feel blue today? --________ to watch his favourite cartoon Paw Patrol. A. What it is that; To be forbidden B. What is that; Forbidden C. What is it that; Being forbidden D. That is what; Having forbidden 5. With your help, there is no doubt ________ our plan is meant for will work out successfully. A. what that B. whether that C. that what D. that whether 考点二：宾语从句 1.(2024-2025学年安徽师范大学附属中学高中自主招生考试)— Could you please tell me ________? — Well, he is kind and helpful. Everyone in our club likes him very much. A. what does your buddy like B. what is your buddy like C. what your buddy likes D. what your buddy is like 2. Van Gogh painted ________ he saw from his window. 3. Van Gogh painted ________ he saw from his window---the night sky with clouds, stars and a moon. 1. I want to know ________ it is worth doing. A. until B. unless C. whether D. before 2. I believe ________ a good movie should be a good story first and a piece of art second. A. what B. which C. that D. who 3. —There is so much to get done today. —I will help you with ________ you need. Just name it! A. whatever B. however C. whenever D. whoever 4. I wonder if you can tell me ________ Tom is I can't find him anywhere. A. where B. who C. when D. what 5. But this is the first time that I ________ an application and the personal resume, so I don’t know ________ there is something to pay attention to. A. had written; whether B. wrote; what C. have been written; why D. have written; if 考点三：表语从句 1. I will attend an important meeting, and this is ________ I can’t go to the bookstore with you. 2. What we can say is that this is ________ the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it’s not just one pattern. 3. What struck me deeply was ________ English surrounded me once more, a persistent reflection of the familiarity I didn’t realize I’d grown tired of. 1. The reason why I didn’t go to shanghai was ________ a new job. A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got 2. What puzzles them most is ________ they can remember more words in such a short time. A. what B. that C. where D. how 3. The most unforgettable moment for me was ________ I graduated from high school. A. when B. where C. how D. why 4. —Do you think it wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children? —No, that’s ________ they are mistaken. A. where B. what C. when D. how 5. Perseverance is a kind of quality, and that’s ________ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why 考点四：同位语从句 1. There is still some doubt ________ the autumn sports meet will be held in our school. 2. I have no idea ________ we will spend our holiday. 3. I have no idea ________ on earth made Simon so upset. 1. The news ________ a bridge over the road right in front of our school will be built next year excites us greatly. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 2. The National Railway Administration recently released a draft guideline ________ train tickets may be priced based on age instead of height. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 3. －Is there any ________ that people used to live at the site? －Yes. Scientists found some house sites and tools there. A. evidence B. achievement C. review D. belief 4. There is some evidence, scientists report, ________ eating garlic may guard against cancer. A. which B. that C. as D. who 5. Scientists are studying animals to look for proof ________ they have feelings similar to ours. A. that B. what C. whether D. which 一、单项选择 1. It is raining heavily. ________ depends on the weather. A. When the Sports Meeting will be held B. When the Sports Meeting will hold C. When will the Sports Meeting be held D. When will the Sports Meeting hold 2. The Millennium City was built with Qingming Riverside Landscape as the blueprint, which was painted by Zhang Zeduan, ________ in the Northern Song Dynasty. A. a famous painter B. was a famous painter C. is a famous painter D. that was a famous painter 3. — Is that old factory ________ you often refer to? — Right, just the one ________ I worked for years. A. the one; that B. one; which C. what; where D. which; that 4. The problem is ________ to take the place of Ted. A. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get 5. He didn’t know which room ________. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did the live D. did the live in 6. Mother asked Tom ________ last night. A. when did he go to bed B. when he went to bed C. when he goes to bed D. when does he go to bed 7. ________ he has finished writing the novel is unknown. A. If B. Whether C. When D. While 8. ________ she was chosen made us very happy. A. What B. That C. Why D. How 9. ________ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. A. It B. This C. What D. As 10. ________ we can pass the coming examination will mainly depend on ________ we learn and ________ we learn it. A. Whether; what; how B. That; whether; why C. If; how; that D. Why; that; how 二、单句语法填空 1. ________ this trend suggests is that people’s shift to remote work contributes to the slow rebound of the senior housing market. 2. There is still some doubt ________ the autumn sports meet will be held in our school. 3. I have seen ________ vigorously they grow without me. 4. People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure ________ it will happen .But do see it say that they will never forget it. 5. ________ matters to a museum is not how many visitors it has, but ________ close it is to people’s daily lives. 6. The question is ________ machines can ever really think in all these aspects. 7. The exact places Snow marked on the map were ________ all those who had lived. 8. People used to hold the belief ________ the earth was the center of the universe. 9. There is no doubt in my mind ________ he is the best candidate. 10. I couldn’t bear the thought ________ these forests would be lost forever. 一、阅读理解 A The Four Best Wildlife Experiences in Bali Ready to start great adventures? Check out the four most exciting ways to experience wildlife in Bali! Ubud Monkey Forest Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) Got some monkey business going on? Head down to Ubud Monkey Forest, a shelter for over 700 long-tailed monkeys. These mammals are known to be clever and playful, so chances are that you’ll get robbed of your snacks when you’re not watching! However, don’t be mad because they mean no harm. They won’t hurt you as long as you don’t grab or touch them suddenly. Bali Reptile Park Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) For a wildlife experience that’s a little bolder(冒险的), head to Bali Reptile Park. Inside this man-made jungle is the most extensive collection of reptiles in Southeast Asia! Be prepared to drop your jaw upon seeing the alligators and crocodiles(鳄鱼) walking around near the pond. With a guided animal encounter, you can get up close with them! Bali Bird Park Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) Bali Bird Park houses over 1,000 birds of 250 rare species. You’ll spot all the colors of the rainbow as birds of all shapes and sizes fly to you. Catch the magnificent Scarlet Macaw and the stylish Balinese Mynah. Apart from these, there are also tons of unique experiences in the park like meeting the endangered Komodo dragons. Lombok Wildlife Park Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) This park makes the most out of your zoo experience with lots of fun-filled activities, starting with an elephant meeting and greeting and capping off the day with afternoon tea with some friendly animals. Walking around the park, you’ll also get to see Kaka and Kiki, the park’s adorable baby orangutans(红毛猩猩). Lombok Wildlife Park offers plenty of close encounters with animals to make your Bali trip shine! 1. Which of the following offers a more adventurous experience? A. Bali Reptile Park. B. Ubud Monkey Forest. C. Bali Bird Park. D. Lombok Wildlife Park. 2. What can visitors do in Lombok Wildlife Park? A. Ride elephants. B. Feed some alligators. C. Play with crocodiles. D. Interact with orangutans. 3. What do the four have in common? A. They forbid taking food in. B. They are open at the same time. C. They involve endangered animals. D. They focus on wildlife protection. 4. What can we learn about Ubud Monkey Forest? A. It is home to over 1,000 monkeys. B. Visitors can freely touch the monkeys. C. Monkeys there may take away visitors’ snacks. D. It closes earlier on weekends than on weekdays. B When Tina Farr visits the year 2 classroom at her Oxford primary school, she can feel the changed atmosphere since play was put firmly back on the curriculum(课程). “The children come running up with things they have made. There is always a shop on the go so they will be pricing up something or finding change.” the headteacher says. Play-based learning — letting children move around, make up games and explore within loosely guided activities — usually stops when they attend primary school. Lessons then become desk-based, focused on reading and writing. Farr had long championed the value of play, working hard to bring it into breaktimes. “Teachers would recognise what we do and it doesn’t take any more planning than the standard approach.” With play-based learning in place for her year 1 and 2 children, Farr then looked at where else she could change any practices that weren’t working. “If a practice isn’t in line with healthy child development, why are we doing it?” The school’s year 5 children — aged nine and 10 — were struggling to sit still in a tight space so she removed all the furniture. “The impact was immediate and impressive. Children now choose where and how to learn. A class once struggling with attention is now calm and engaged.” A teacher note: “Their self-regulation has improved greatly. They settle down to work much more readily.” Farr believes the outdated system needs urgent change. “We have neuroscience (神经科学) to know children learn through play.” In June the school sailed through its Ofsted inspection. “The inspector really understood our play-based learning.” Farr’s message is that her approach can be rolled out. “It’s blown my mind how engaged the children are. It’s phenomenal,” she says. 5. What change does Farr bring to her school? A. Additional income. B. Flexible environments. C. Upgraded equipment D. Diverse outdoor games. 6. What is the main reason for Farr to introduce play-based learning? A. To reduce teacher’ workload. B. To enhance the school’s reputation. C. To improve students’ academic results. D. To promote kids’ well-being and growth. 7. Which best describes the students with the new seating arrangement? A. More focused. B. More energetic. C. More self-centred. D. More courageous. 8. What is the last paragraph mainly about concerning Farr’s approach? A. Its theory. B. Its challenge. C. Its purpose. D. Its effectiveness. C Some might suggest that a doorstopper about “the influence of the horse on human history” couldn’t possibly be interesting. No. I say no. In fact, Timothy C. Winegard’s The Horse is fantastic, offering a fresh view on how crucial horses were in human development. And it almost didn’t happen. Sudden climate changes at the end of the Ice Age drove horses to the edge of extinction. The rest of the animals once found through much of the world were then largely limited to an area that runs roughly from Eastern Europe to Central Asia — where they were hunted for food. The horse might have gone the way of other animals had it not been tamed(驯化) like cattle. When someone decided to jump on the back of one of the horses, it started “a revolution” that changed the world. Riding horses helped farmers raise more sheep and goats, and hunters cover more ground. When horses replaced oxen, their quicker speed allowed more land to be handled, increased yields and changed farmers to exporters. Naturally, horses became instruments of war. The earliest known true cavalry(骑兵) formation belonged to the Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta II. In relatively short order, cavalry units made the difference in battle. Those nations that had horses won wars; those that didn’t tried to get them. In many ways, these conflicts created the world we have today. Alexander extended the boundaries of his kingdom — and Greek culture — through Persia, India and beyond because of the success of his cavalry. Besides, horses were the deciding factor in the Battle of Hastings, where William, the Duke of Normandy — who had cavalry units — soundly defeated the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, creating the modern British state. The Horse is extensively researched. It is interesting, charming and entertaining. But I know: I can lead you to a bookstore, but I can’t make you read. 9. When did horses start to make the world different? A. After people domesticated them for riding. B. After Asians raised them as a food source. C. After they were exported all over the world. D. After the climate changed during the Ice Age. 10. What is the advantage of horses? A. Power. B. Bravery. C. Efficiency. D. Intelligence. 11. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The training of cavalry for battles. B. The contributions of horses in wars. C. The fantastic achievements of kings. D. The expansion of powerful kingdoms. 12. What is the purpose of the text? A. To astonish the curious readers. B. To summarize the recent history. C. To criticize an improper viewpoint. D. To recommend an awesome book. D Quick: what’s your best friend’s phone number? Don’t feel bad if you couldn’t answer off the top of your head. You have no reason to commit phone numbers to memory: it’s just there in your phone. Or perhaps you once had a phone book to store them. In either case, an object does the remembering for you. “Prosthetic memory”(人工记忆) is nothing new. Writing itself has been a means of storing information. Yet the information revolution has generated more data than ever before. We are flooded with information. We’re creating more of it, and keeping more of it, The storage capacity of the human brain has since been eclipsed. No wonder, then, that we’re increasingly dependent on memory prostheses, from libraries to smartphones. Not everyone thinks this trend in external memory is good. Historically, memory prostheses were expensive. As technologies such as printing and photography become more affordable, sharing experiences with others is easier than ever. So every breakfast, every sunset, every encounter with a cat finds its way on to social media. And here comes the worry. When we devote ourselves to capturing and sharing the world in this way, something immensely valuable is lost; when recording so much of our lives, we’re forgetting to actually live them. We put something between ourselves and the world-a camera-instead of just being in the moment, and so disconnect ourselves from experience. But is our social media-driven transformation wholly bad? If we’re still creating and sharing memories like this, perhaps this is because we’ve not had sufficient time to learn how to do these things without thinking about what we’re doing. It is easy to ignore that the mass social media era is less than a decade old. That’s just a short blink (眨眼)in human history, yet it has totally changed how we live. I suspect we’re not far off from being directly faced with experience yet with the ability to share experience in ways less bounded by geography and time. After all, technology can do what our fragile meat-computers can’t: protect all the moments of a life that would otherwise be lost. 13. What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A. We rely more on tools to memorize. B. We are burdened with phone numbers. C. Technology weakens our brains. D. Technology distances us from our friends. 14. What does the underlined word “eclipsed” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Improved. B. Outperformed. C. Restricted. D. Undervalued. 15. What negative effect does online sharing bring about? A. An overflow of posts. B. High cost of digital devices. C. Addiction to the virtual world. D. Disregard for authentic experience. 16. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A. Have faith in human brains. B. Take time to adapt to digital age. C. Quicken the pace of development. D. Make efforts to enhance memory. 二、完形填空 It was 2017 when architect Oscar Issac received a call from Marcus Kampo, an Ivorian official. Over the line, Kampo’s voice ____1____ as he described his nation’s twin plagues(困境): a mass of plastic waste blocking sewers(下水道) and a ____2____ of schools, with a few existing ones needing ____3____ rebuilding. To have a clearer ____4____, Issac decided to see for himself. In Cote d’Ivoire’s busiest city, Issac was ____5____ by the sight of women carrying children on their backs while ____6____ plastic from garbage piles for very little money. Those images ____7____ into his mind. “I need to find a way to help,” Issac thought. “What if you could use the plastic waste to help solve construction problems?” For Issac, the ____8____ led to an invention that shows his value. Back at his company, he and his team ____9____ plastic into a set of building parts — bricks and columns, 95% made from plastic. These parts fit together like Lego. Builders just need to ____10____ a roof and windows to make a classroom. Now, 4,000 tons of waste have become 550 ____11____ classrooms, almost for 60 percent of what ____12____ construction methods cost. To ____13____ the brick-making technology further, Issac ____14____ his system to be easily transported in a 40-foot container. The technology feeds on trash, but as Kampo puts it, “the concept ____15____ turns trash into a solution.” 1. A. trembled B. shouted C. whispered D. laughed 2. A. majority B. puzzle C. number D. shortage 3. A. slight B. frequent C. normal D. convenient 4. A. identity B. picture C. guideline D. tip 5. A. shocked B. excited C. amused D. relaxed 6. A. producing B. preventing C. picking D. selling 7. A. faded B. burned C. jumped D. changed 8. A. protest B. application C. inspiration D. result 9. A. divided B. threw C. turned D. mixed 10. A. pull up B. take off C. break down D. put up 11. A. temporary B. digital C. functional D. ancient 12. A. traditional B. special C. creative D. reliable 13. A. promote B. access C. check D. remember 14. A. established B. performed C. replaced D. upgraded 15. A. simply B. brilliantly C. toughly D. narrowly 三、语法填空 As temperatures rise across China, a new trend is taking hold. Outdoor sports, ___1___ draw citizens out of gyms and into the wilderness, test people’s physical limits and reconnect them with nature. One standout in this trend, the Spartan Race, has exploded in ___2___(popular) in many Chinese cities. So far, the race, along with its ___3___(mud) routes, high walls, and various obstacles, has gained significant attraction online as well. Last month, the Spartan China series ___4___(land) in Changchun while on October 16-17, the Spartan Kids World Championship will be held ___5___ the second time at Yunding Snow Park in Hebei Province. Each event challenges participants to complete distances ___6___(range) from 5 to 50 kilometers, with some ___7___(intense) demanding obstacles depending on the race category. In practice, the race involves climbing, hanging, and carrying sandbags, ___8___ total return to nature from gyms. Liu Mingyi, chief expert at the China Youth Sports and Physical Education Center, said that the rise of outdoor running competitions is far from accidental. “In the past, people stayed indoors, lifting weights in gyms. Now, there’s a growing desire ___9___(break) free from concrete buildings.” Liu commented. “These mud-stained events offer not just wildness, ___10___ a kind of close dialogue with nature.” 四、应用文写作 学校英文网站正在举办主题为“AI & Our Future”的专栏征文活动，你代表学生会向全校同学发出英文倡议，呼吁大家向学校网站投稿，内容包括： 1. 活动意义； 2. 具体要求； 3. 呼吁与期待 注意： 1. 词数80词左右； 2. 倡议中不得出现真实校名或个人信息； 3. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯； 4. 开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $