专题16 语法填空（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，江苏专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题16 语法填空 ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 有提示词 1、动词 (1)谓语动词的时态,语态和主谓一致 一般考查1-2个，考生需要根据句子结构判断是否缺谓语动词。一旦确定句子缺少谓语动词，需要从3个方面考虑：时态、语态、主谓一致。确定时态要先观察本句中有无时间状语，不同的时间状语对应不同的时态。没有时间状语的，根据上下文中的时态确定空格的时态，常考查的时态有一般过去时和现在完成时。确定好时态后要考虑语态，也就是谓语动词与主语之间的关系，是主动还是被动。确定时态语态之后，还需考虑主谓一致的问题，即根据主语的单复数形式确定谓语动词的形式。 (2)非谓语动词 一般考查2个左右，这是语法填空中的一大难点。首先，要先观察设空句的主句和从句中有没有谓语动词来判断是否选用非谓语动词；其次要根据句子成分(主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等)明确合适的非谓语动词形式(不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词)。总之，可以把握一个总体方向，即V-ing形式往往表主动或动作进行，过去分词一般表示被动或完成，不定式一般作目的状语或后置定语。 2. 词性转化 如形容词变副词、动词变形容词、名词变形容词等词性转换和un, dis, in,im,ir,il等否定前缀。动词变名词的词性转换 3、形容词、副词的比较等级,名词的单复数,名词所有格,代词和数词. 命题主要围绕形容词、副词的比较级与最高级；名词主要考查单复数和所有格的变化。代词主要考查人称代词,物主代词,主格宾格反身代词和基数词序数词之间的转换 考点二 无提示词 1、介词,冠词,代词 对于介词的考查以介词与动词、形容词或名词的固定搭配为主，考生平时一定要注重阅读积累，培养做题语感。 冠词的用法主要和名词连在一起，根据上下文进行判断是用定冠词还是不定冠词，还要注意首字母是元音音素还是辅音音素，如an hour/an honor/an honest man/a unique building。考生也要积累一些含有冠词的固定搭配，如all of a sudden, in a hurry, take an interest in, have a good understanding of 等。 考查代词时如无提示词，则重点考查代词it，it可代指前文提到的单数名词或不可数名词，也可作形式主语或形式宾语，还有一些固定结构，如take it seriously, take it for granted that..., when it comes to...等。 2、并列连词和三大从句连词 连词的考查包括的内容比较宽泛，主要分为两大类，即并列句和复合句，这也是做连词题的关键。并列句是用并列连词将两个或两个以上的简单句串联构成的长句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。常考查的并列连词包括表转折的连词but, while, yet；表并列的连词and, or；表因果的连词because, so等。 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。复合句的考查主要包括定语从句的关系词(关系代词、关系副词)、名词性从句的连接词(从属连词、连接代词、连接副词)和各类状语从句的连接词。因此，考生务必要掌握三大从句的基本规则，做题时先判断从句类型，再分析从句成分，根据句意选择恰当的关系词或连接词。 考点一：动词时态,语态和主谓一致(有提示词) 例1. First, his two sledges ________(break) down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. 【答案】broke 【详解】考查时态。句意：首先，他的两辆雪橇坏了，然后马开始在雪和寒冷中遇到严重的困难。此处作谓语动词，主语为his two sledges，break down为不及物动词作谓语动词，且根据后文的began可知，此处应用过去时，故填broke。 例2. The first person in each group writes a sentence and ________(fold) the paper over his/her writing, so the next person cannot see it. 【答案】folds 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：每组的第一个人写一个句子，把纸折起来盖住他或她写的东西，这样下一个人就看不见了。此空与writes并列作谓语，时态应保持一致。句子用的是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填folds。 例3. Our headmaster ________(arrange) for me to show the visitors around our school. 【答案】arranged 【详解】考查时态。句意：我们的校长安排我带领参观者参观我们的学校。arrange(安排)是谓语动词，与主语Our headmaster之间是主动关系，描述发生在过去的事情，句子时态用一般过去时态，空格处填入过去式arranged。故填arranged。 1. He often ________(quarrel) with his wife over unimportant matters. 【答案】quarrels 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他经常为一些鸡毛蒜皮的事和妻子吵架。根据often可知是经常反复发生的事情，所以用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填quarrels。 2. She was ________(thrill) by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. 【答案】thrilled 【详解】考查语态。句意：她被博物馆里展示的这么多来自不同文化的珍品惊呆了。She与thrill之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，结合was可知为一般过去时的被动语态，使用其过去分词thrilled，已转化为形容词。填thrilled。 3. In 1943, many people ________(treat) unfairly due to their skin color in America. 【答案】were treated 【详解】考查动词时态、语态。句意：1943年，在美国，许多人因为他们的肤色而受到不公平的对待。空处缺少谓语，根据In 1943可知，为一般过去时，主语people为复数，与treat“对待”为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were treated。 4. You ________(prohibit) from hitting the other person with your head, shoulder or arm. 【答案】are prohibited 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：禁止用头、肩膀或手臂撞击他人。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语You与prohibit之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are prohibited。 5. Many teenagers today ________(attract) to online games, but they should manage their time so that they won’t be addicted to those games. 【答案】are attracted 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：现在许多青少年都被网络游戏所吸引，但是他们应该管理好自己的时间，这样他们就不会沉迷于这些游戏。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语Many teenagers 为复数，与attract之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用are。故填are attracted。 考点二：非谓语动词(有提示词) 例1. She has a strong desire ________(catch) up on her reading during the holidays. 【答案】to catch 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：她强烈渴望在假期里补上她落下的阅读量。“have a strong desire to do sth.” 是固定用法，表示 “有强烈的愿望去做某事”，此处要用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰 “desire”。故填 to catch。 例2. ________(attract) by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. 【答案】Attracted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：来自伦敦的女孩被大自然的美丽所吸引，决定在农场再待两天。主语the girl与动词attract之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作原因状语，首字母应大写，故填Attracted。 例3. Besides ________(do) all my schoolwork, I chat with my friends, watch films and read the daily news and other interesting articles. 【答案】doing 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：除了做我所有的功课，我和我的朋友聊天，看电影，阅读每日新闻和其他有趣的文章。作介词besides的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填doing。 1. His parents, like most, hoped he would go to a big city ________(find) a teaching job. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的父母和大多数人一样，希望他能去大城市找一份教书的工作。分析句子结构可知，本句是省略that的宾语从句，从句已有谓语动词would go，所以find用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。 2. ________(live) in the village was also more challenging than he had thought. 【答案】Living 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：住在村子里也比他想象的更有挑战性。此处应用动名词living作主语，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Living。 3. It takes me less than 15 minutes ________(wash), get changed, have breakfast and leave home. 【答案】to wash 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我洗漱、换衣服、吃早餐和离开家只需要不到15分钟。固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.“花费某人多长时间做某事”，it是形式主语，不定式作主语。故填to wash。 4. What she tries to achieve is ________(prepare) herself for university. 【答案】to prepare 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：她努力实现的是为上大学做准备。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动词不定式作表语。故填to prepare。 5. ________(obtain) the degree, she has to pass all of the examinations. 【答案】To obtain 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了获得学位，她必须通过所有的考试。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作状语，表目的。句首字母大写，故填To obtain。 考点三：词性转化(有提示词) 例1. Your task will be to examine the ________(possible) of constructing a new factory in the United Kingdom. 【答案】possibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：你的任务是考察在英国建造一座新工厂的可能性。冠词修饰名词，作宾语，用名词形式possibility，故填possibility。 例2. He soon recovered(恢复) ________(he) and stopped crying. 【答案】himself 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：他很快恢复了过来，不再哭了。提示词代词he作宾语，和句子主语He指同一对象，用反身代词himself作宾语；recover oneself意为“恢复正常；镇定下来”。故填himself。 例3. In the fictional worlds of film and TV, artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as so advanced that it is ________(distinguish) from humans. 【答案】indistinguishable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在电影和电视的虚构世界中，人工智能（AI）被描述成非常先进，以至于与人类无法区分。结合句意，此处表示 “无法区分的”，应用形容词 indistinguishable，由前缀 in-(不，非)+distinguish (区分，辨别)+ 后缀 - able 构成，在句中作表语。故填indistinguishable。 1. She waited anxiously for her manager’s ________(approve) on the new project proposal. 【答案】approval 【详解】考查名词。句意：她焦急地等待经理对新项目提案的批准。名词所有格her manager’s后需接名词，需将动词approve转换为名词形式 approval，意为“批准”，作介词for宾语。故填approval。 2. The local market offers a ________(various) of fresh fruits and vegetables, from common apples to exotic dragon fruits. 【答案】variety 【详解】考查名词。句意：当地市场提供各式各样的新鲜水果和蔬菜，从常见的苹果到异域风情的火龙果。“a variety of + 复数名词”是固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。 3. Different cultures place varying ________(emphasis) on family values, social etiquette and personal achievements. 【答案】emphases 【详解】考查名词。句意：不同文化对家庭价值观、社交礼仪和个人成就的重视程度各不相同。place emphasis on是固定搭配，意为“重视/强调……”。 此处varying（不同的）修饰空格处，需用名词复数形式。故填emphases。 4. The ________(consume) of processed foods has been linked to an increasing risk of certain health issues in recent studies. 【答案】consumption 【详解】考查名词。句意：最近的研究表明，加工食品的摄入与某些健康问题的风险增加有关。名词consumption作主语，the consumption of ...（对……的摄入）是常见的名词短语结构。故填consumption。 5. The town has changed beyond ________(recognize) since I was last here. 【答案】recognition 【详解】考查名词。句意：自从我上次来到这里以来，这个城镇变得认不出来了。空处作beyond的宾语，recognize的名词形式recognition符合题意，意为“认出，识别”，是不可数名词，短语beyond recognition意为“难以识别，认不出来”。故填recognition。 6. You must be ________(delight) with your current form and the way RealMadrid are playing at the moment. 【答案】delighted 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你一定对自己的当前状态以及皇家马德里目前的表现感到非常高兴。根据句意及所给词可知可知，空处应填形容词delighted，作表语，be delighted with是固定用法，意思是“对……感到高兴”。故填delighted。 7. I am not sure exactly how much money you will receive, but it will ________(rough) cover your major expense. 【答案】roughly 【详解】考查副词。句意：我不确定你会收到多少钱，但大致可以支付你的主要开支。空处修饰动词cover，用副词形式，故填roughly。 考点四: 名词单复数,所有格,形容词,副词的比较等级,代词,数词(有提示词) 例1. Great ________(change) have taken place in China in the past ten years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】changes 【详解】考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。根据谓语动词have可知，空格处应该用名词的复数形式作主语。故填changes。 例2. The charming scenery and the hot spring baths combine to make the traveler’s stay there most ________(enjoy). 【答案】enjoyable     【详解】考查形容词。句意：迷人的风景和温泉浴相结合，使旅行者在那里度过了最愉快的时光。这是一个最高级形式，most修饰形容词，故填形容词enjoyable“令人愉快的”作宾补，故填enjoyable。 例3. I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with ________(it) choking smog. 【答案】its 【详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我当时在香港的家里，那里有着令人窒息的雾霾。此处修饰名词smog，应用形容词性物主代词its“它的”，此处指代“香港的”。故填its。 1. The traffic was ________(busy) than usual and there were more people on the bus. 【答案】busier 【详解】考查比较级。句意：交通比平时繁忙，公共汽车上的人也多了。根据后文than usual可知应用比较级。故填busier。 2. He soon recovered(恢复) ________(he) and stopped crying. 【答案】himself 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：他很快恢复了过来，不再哭了。提示词代词he作宾语，和句子主语He指同一对象，用反身代词himself作宾语；recover oneself意为“恢复正常；镇定下来”。故填himself。 3. After my ________(first) visit to Boston, I spent almost every winter in the north. 【答案】first 【详解】考查序数词。句意：第一次去波士顿之后，我几乎每个冬天都待在北方。表示“第一的、首次的”应用序数词first修饰。故填first。 4. A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It’s ________(I).” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. 【答案】mine 【详解】考查代词。句意：公共汽车上的一位女士喊道：“哦，天哪！是我的（行李箱）。”她挤到司机跟前，感激地拿走了行李箱。此处作表语，应用名词性物主代词mine，表示“我的（行李箱）”，故填mine。 5. It was ________(she) who suggested we visit the Suzhou Gardens during the holiday. 【答案】she 【详解】考查代词。句意：是她建议我们假期去游览苏州园林。该句为强调句型“It was+被强调部分+ who/that...”，被强调部分在句中作主语，需用人称代词主格形式，she是主格。故填she。 6. He screams ________(loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. 【答案】loudest 【详解】考查最高级。句意：他叫得最响。这声音震动了树木，雄性拍打着胸膛，向我冲来。根据后面的of all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。故填loudest。 考点五：介词,冠词和代词(无提示词) 例1. Xu Yi was learning English ________ an exchange student in the UK. 【答案】as 【详解】考查介词。句意：徐逸作为交换生在英国学习英语。表示“作为”应用介词as，后跟名词作宾语。故填as。 例2. I hope to have ________ happier, more fruitful and satisfying life in my new school. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：我希望在我的新学校有一个更快乐，更有成果和满足感的生活。分析句子可知，设空处缺少冠词，是泛指，表示“一个……的生活”，应使用不定冠词，后面的happier开头发音是辅音，故填a。 例3. Communicating through a screen makes ________ more difficult for children to concentrate. 【答案】it 【详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意：通过屏幕交流会让儿童更难集中注意力。此处需填入形式宾语 it，指代后文的真实宾语to concentrate，构成结构：make + it + adj. + to do sth.。故填it。 1. I also play computer games from time ________ time and I even play tennis on my television screen in my living room! 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：我还时不时地玩电脑游戏，甚至在客厅的电视屏幕上打网球!此处是固定搭配：from time to time意为“不时地”。故填to。 2. When the game ended our coach hit Paul ________ the shoulder, saying, “you’ve just earned your place on the team, big guy!” 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：比赛结束时，我们的教练打了保罗的肩膀，说：“你刚刚赢得了球队的位置，大个子！”分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词on，表示“打在某人身上硬的部位”。故填on。 3. I was ________ only girl in a rugby club of 250 boys. 【答案】the 【详解】考查冠词及固定搭配。句意：我是一个英式橄榄球俱乐部250个男孩里唯一的女孩。短语the only意为“绝无仅有的、独一无二的”，此处表示“250个男生中唯一的一个女生”，表特指，需用定冠词the。故填the。 4. Our team tried hard and as ________ result, we won the game. 【答案】a 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们队很努力，结果赢得了比赛。由“we won the game”可知，空格处所在短语意为“结果”，是as a result，故填a。 5. ________ is my duty to do something for students in poor areas. 【答案】It 【详解】考查代词。句意：为贫困地区的学生做点事是我的责任。it is one’s duty to do sth.做某事是某人的责任，it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。根据句意，故填It。 6. I thought ________ strange that my teacher could not show me love. 【答案】it 【详解】考查形式宾语。句意：我觉得奇怪的是，我的老师不能向我表达爱意。分析句子可知，空格处应填入it作形式宾语，that my teacher could not show me love作真正的宾语，形容词strange作宾语补足语。故填it。 考点六：并列句和三大从句连词(无提示词) 例1. I would have been able to catch the first flight home, ________ my watch betrayed me. 【答案】but 【详解】考查连词。句意：我本可以赶上回家的第一班飞机，但我的表不准了。根据前后文语境，可知此处表示转折关系，意为“但是”应用连词but，故填but。 例2. ________ is strange is that she always wears sunglasses indoors, even at night. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：奇怪的是，她总是在室内戴着墨镜，甚至在晚上也是如此。根据句中的第二个系动词is及其后that引导的表语从句可知，空处应为主语从句的引导词，主语从句中缺少主语，表示“奇怪的事情”，应填what引导主语从句并在主语从句中作主语，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 例3. This is the book ________ I bought yesterday. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我昨天买的那本书。“ I bought yesterday”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词book，指物，关系词将其代入定语从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。 1. ________ made him feel satisfied was that his students were able to read, speak and write in English. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：让他感到满意的是，他的学生能够用英语读、说、写。分析句子结构，这是一个包含主语从句的复合句，因空白处在主语从句中作主语，指事物，使用连接词what连接主语从句，故填What。 2. The lab in ________ they worked has poor air quality. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。此处为介词+关系代词结构引导的定语从句修饰先行词lab，先行词lab作介词in的宾语，表示物，用关系代词which指代lab。故填which。 3. He was only 1.6 metres tall, ________ made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他只有1.6米高，这使他成为NBA历史上最矮的球员。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4. He spoke so quickly ________ his students couldn’t follow him. 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：他说得如此快以致于我不能跟上他。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是固定句型so...that...“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。故填that。 5. Many women experience a time of sadness ________ they give birth to a baby. 【答案】after 【详解】考查连词。句意：许多妇女在生完孩子后都会经历一段悲伤的时光。分析句子可知，此处为连词after引导的时间状语从句，意为“在……之后”。故填after。 6. ________ difficult my life may be, I will never give in to the fate. 【答案】However 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论我的生活多么艰难，我决不向命运屈服。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论多么”应用however，句首单词首字母要大写。故填However。 7. All people, ________ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：自灾难发生以来，所有人，无论老少、贫富，都在尽最大努力帮助那些需要帮助的人。分析句子可知，句子为让步状语从句，“whether…or…”意为“无论……还是……”，引导从句，故空格处应用“whether”。故填whether。 一、阅读理解 A A strategy is a plan for doing something well. You can use strategies before, during, and after reading. Before You Read Look at the title, headings, and photographs or illustrations. Think about what you already know about the topic. Guess what the text will be about and what you might learn from reading it     Set a purpose for reading. While You Read Think about what you understand and what you do not understand. Use the reading strategies below to help you understand the text. Use story structure(结构): Pay attention to the characters, background, and plot (情节) events to help you understand how a story is organized Make a summary: Stop for a short while as you read to find out the most important ideas in the text. Ask and answer questions: Ask yourself questions about what you do not understand in the text. Look for answers to questions as you read. Use diagrams: Make diagrams as you read to show how important ideas in the text are connected. Check understanding: When you do not understand a section of text, use one of these strategies to make the information clear • Read again    • Change reading speed • Read on     • Self-correct After You Read Talk with a classmate about which strategies you used and why you used them. 1. What should you do before you read? A. Use diagrams. B. Change reading speed. C. Talk with a classmate. D. Look at the title and headings. 2. Which of the following can help you understand how a story is organized? A. Using story structure. B. Making a summary. C. Checking understanding. D. Asking and answering questions. 3. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Procedures for questioning. B. Ways of making diagrams. C. Strategies for reading. D. Examinations of understanding. 4. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A film. B. A textbook. C. A dictionary. D. A document. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 【语篇解读】本文体裁为应用文。文章主要介绍了在阅读过程中可以使用的策略，包括在阅读前、阅读中和阅读后应该做些什么来帮助理解和记忆文本内容。这些策略包括观察标题、标题和插图，思考已知信息，猜测文本内容，设定阅读目的，使用故事结构，制作摘要，提问和回答问题，使用图表，检查理解等。 1. 细节理解题。由Before You Read部分中的“Look at the title, headings, and photographs or illustrations. (看题目、标题、照片或插图。)”可知，在阅读之前应该看题目、标题和照片或插图。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。由While You Read部分中的“Use story structure (结构): Pay attention to the characters, background, and plot (情节) events to help you understand how a story is organized (使用故事结构：注意人物、背景和情节事件，帮助你理解故事是如何组织的)”可知，使用故事结构可以帮助你理解故事是如何组织的。故选A。 3. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“A strategy is a plan for doing something well. You can use strategies before, during, and after reading. (策略是做好某件事的计划。你可以在阅读前、阅读中、阅读后使用策略。)”可知，本文主要介绍在阅读前、阅读中和阅读后都可以使用的阅读策略。故本文主要谈论的是阅读策略。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“A strategy is a plan for doing something well. You can use strategies before, during, and after reading. (策略是做好某件事的计划。你可以在阅读前、阅读中、阅读后使用策略。)”可知，本文主要介绍在阅读前、阅读中和阅读后都可以使用的阅读策略，而阅读策略是学习过程中常用的方法，因此本文可能来自一本教科书。故选B。 B Danay loves to read. Her parents often find her awake past her bedtime, under the covers with a flashlight, racing to the end of a story. To Danay, all books have a magic of their own. Danay was shocked to find that kids near her may not own books or get to visit a library. She decided that needed to change. So she started an organization called Reading Heart. It collects books donated by people in the community. Then Danay and her family and friends hand them out to kids in schools, hospitals, and low-income areas nearby. In four years, they’ve given away nearly 400,000 books! On visits to schools, Danay turns the book giveaway into a party. With dancing, free T-shirts, and tables of books, her “Book Tour” has visited more than 150 schools in her area to get kids excited about reading. After kids choose their books, Danay gives them a challenge. “They can keep their book for as long as they like,” she says. “But when they finish it, they share it with a friend.” By exchanging books, Danay explains, kids get to read even more, yet still have a book to keep. “It’s like building mini (小型的) libraries for each kid. When we give 500 kids a book to share, each kid has the chance to read 500 books!” Once a year, Danay holds a Reading Extravaganza at a park. Every year, more than 4,000 kids walk away with bags full of free books they can read over the summer. Danay loves helping others discover the magic of reading. “It’s an amazing feeling to see a kid’s smile when they get a book for the first time.” 5. Why did Danay start Reading Heart? A. To raise money for kids. B. To collect books for libraries. C. To find her favourite books. D. To help kids get books to read. 6. What are the kids required to do after finishing reading a book? A. Share it with a friend. B. Give it to a library. C. Keep it all the time. D. Read it once again. 7. How many kids get free books at Reading Extravaganza every year? A. More than 150. B. About 500. C. Over 4,000. D. Nearly 400,000. 8. What is the best title for the text? A. Opening More Libraries B. Spreading Magic of Reading C. Educating Kids at Partics D. Enjoying School Activities 【答案】5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Danay通过成立Reading Heart组织，收集并分发书籍给缺少阅读资源的孩子，四年间送出近40万本书，激发孩子们对阅读的兴趣，帮助他们发现阅读的魔力。 5. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Danay was shocked to find that kids near her may not own books or get to visit a library. She decided that needed to change. So she started an organization called Reading Heart. It collects books donated by people in the community. Then Danay and her family and friends hand them out to kids in schools, hospitals, and low-income areas nearby. (Danay震惊地发现，她附近的孩子可能没有自己的书，也没有机会去图书馆。她决定需要改变。所以她成立了一个名为Reading Heart的组织。它收集社区里人们捐赠的书籍。然后Danay和她的家人和朋友把它们分发给附近学校、医院和低收入地区的孩子们)”可知，Danay成立该组织是为了帮助孩子们获得阅读的书籍。故选D项。 6. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“But when they finish it, they share it with a friend. (但当他们完成（阅读）后，他们会和朋友分享)”可知，孩子们被要求在读完一本书后与朋友分享。故选A项。 7. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Once a year, Danay holds a Reading Extravaganza at a park. Every year, more than 4,000 kids walk away with bags full of free books they can read over the summer. (Danay每年在公园举办一次“阅读盛会”。每年，有4000多名孩子带着装满免费书籍的袋子离开，他们可以在整个夏天阅读)”可知，每年有超过4000名孩子在“阅读盛会”上获得免费书籍。故选C项。 8. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“To Danay, all books have a magic of their own. (对Danay来说，所有的书都有自己的魔力)”和最后一段中“Danay loves helping others discover the magic of reading. (Danay喜欢帮助别人发现阅读的魔力)”可知，文章讲述了Danay通过成立Reading Heart组织，收集并分发书籍给缺少阅读资源的孩子，四年间送出近40万本书，激发孩子们对阅读的兴趣，帮助他们发现阅读的魔力。因此，B项“传播阅读的魔力”概括了Danay发起该组织的愿景，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 C Dogs are well-known for wagging(摇摆) their tails when they are happy or excited. Recent research has revealed, however, that dogs’ tail-wagging is more complicated(复杂的) than many people believe. A group of scientists did more than 100 researches on how and why dogs wag their tails. They found dogs’ tails wag more to the right when they are experiencing positive feelings. Dogs’ tails wag more to the left when something makes them nervous or uncertain. When a dog’s tail is wagging low to the ground, it is a sign that the dog is willing or trying to please or calm someone. Dogs seem to understand different ways of tail-wagging can communicate different meanings. For example, when dogs see videos of other dogs’ tails wagging to the left, they show signs of stress. However, humans still have a great deal to learn about tail-wagging. One big question is why dogs wag their tails so much. The researchers suggested two possible explanations. One is that the humans who first raised dogs may have preferred dogs that were friendly toward humans, so those dogs were more likely to wag their tails. The other is that people were drawn to the rhythms(节奏) of a wagging tail, so they were more likely to choose dogs that wagged tails often. This feature would have been passed down. The scientists say further research should be done to understand more about the behaviour. “We still don’t know exactly which parts of the dog’s brain control which features of the tail-wagging,” researcher Andrea Ravignani said. 9. How will a dog wag its tail when it is nervous according to the text? A. More to the left. B. To the fast thythm. C. More to the right. D. Low to the ground. 10. What does Andrea Ravignani mean in the last paragraph? A. People usually prefer dogs wagging tails less. B. A dog’s brain has little to do with tail-wagging. C. The feature of dogs’ tail-wagging might disappear. D. There is still a lot to learn about dogs’ tail-wagging. 11. What is the text aimed at? A. Giving some suggestions. B. Introducing some scientists. C. Explaining a behaviour of dogs. D. Showing ways of raising dogs. 12. Which section of a magazine is the text probably taken from? A. Sport. B. Science. C. History. D. Art. 【答案】9. A 10. D 11. C 12. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了科学家对狗摇尾巴行为的研究，揭示了狗摇尾巴的复杂性，包括狗在不同情绪下尾巴摇摆的方向和含义，以及人类对此行为的理解仍有待深入。 9. 细节理解题。由文章第二段“Dogs’ tails wag more to the left when something makes them nervous or uncertain.( 当有什么东西让狗感到紧张或不确定时，它们的尾巴会更多地向左摇摆。)”可知，当狗紧张时，它的尾巴会更多地向左摇摆。故选A项。 10. 推理判断题。由文章最后一段研究者Andrea Ravignani的话“We still don’t know exactly which parts of the dog’s brain control which features of the tail-wagging,( 我们仍然不知道狗的大脑中哪些部分控制尾巴摇摆的哪些特征。)”可知，关于狗的尾巴摇摆，还有很多未知的信息需要我们去了解和学习。因此，Andrea Ravignani的意思是我们对狗的尾巴摇摆还有很多要学习的。故选D项。 11. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Recent research has revealed, however, that dogs’ tail-wagging is more complicated (复杂的) than many people believe.( 然而，最近的研究揭示，狗的摇尾巴行为比许多人认为的要复杂得多。)”以及后文对狗摇尾巴行为的研究介绍可知，本文主要介绍的是科学家对狗摇尾巴行为的研究，解释狗的一种行为。故选C项。 12. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Recent research has revealed, however, that dogs’ tail-wagging is more complicated (复杂的) than many people believe.( 然而，最近的研究揭示，狗的摇尾巴行为比许多人认为的要复杂得多。)”以及通读全文可知，文章介绍了科学家对狗摇尾巴行为的研究可知，文章属于科学研究范畴，所以这篇文章可能来自杂志的“科学”部分。故选B项。 D Do you know how many kinds of breakfast cereal(麦片) there are in my local supermarket? 165 kinds! That’s just one product. Think about all the varieties of biscuits, yoghourt, and chocolate bars. We have so much choice these days. It’s unbelievable! So all this choice must be a good thing, right? It makes us happier, right? Well, not necessarily. People like the idea of having a choice, and many people think more choice must be a good thing. But, in fact, too much choice can cause us problems. If there are too many different things to choose from, we can’t know what to choose. If you offer me a choice of three cookies, I can decide quickly which one I want. But if you offer me a choice of 33 cookies, my brain crashes. Another problem with too much choice is that we think there must be the perfect cookie somewhere. The fact is, there isn’t — so when we have spent half an hour deciding which cookie we want, we feel dissatisfied, because it’s not as good as expected. It’s not cookie perfection. And then we begin to regret all the other cookies we didn’t choose, thinking one of them might have been better. So there can be such a thing as too much choice. We need to recognize that while some choice is good, too much can leave us at a loss. We should focus on being pleased with what we choose. I am going to remember this next time I’m offered a cookie — choose one and enjoy it! 13. What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To sell a product. B. To express surprise. C. To introduce the topic. D. To answer a question. 14. What problem can too much choice cause? A. Difficulty in choosing. B. Worry about health. C. A careless decision. D. A loss of memory. 15. The underlined part “It’s not cookie perfection” probably means ________. A. we can’t make good cookies B. there’s no perfect choice C. we are pleased with all cookies D. the cookie doesn’t taste delicious 16. How will the writer solve the problem of too much choice according to the last paragraph? A. Recognize the perfect. B. Make a quick choice. C. Ignore what is offered. D. Enjoy what is chosen. 【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过提出超市商品种类繁多这一现象，引发了对选择过多可能带来的问题的讨论。作者分析了过多选择可能导致的难以决策、不满足感以及后悔等问题，并提出了应专注于对所选择的东西感到满意的观点。 13. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Do you know how many kinds of breakfast cereal (麦片) there are in my local supermarket? 165 kinds! That’s just one product. Think about all the varieties of biscuits, yoghourt, and chocolate bars. We have so much choice these days. It’s unbelievable! (你知道我们当地的超市里有多少种早餐麦片吗？165种！这只是一种产品。想想各种各样的饼干、酸奶和巧克力棒。现在我们有太多选择了。这是难以置信的！)”可知，作者对于现在有这么多的选择感到惊讶，并通过列举超市中的麦片种类来引出后文关于选择过多的讨论。因此，第一段的目的是引入话题。故正确答案为C。 14. 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“If there are too many different things to choose from, we can’t know what to choose. (如果有太多不同的东西可供选择，我们就不知道该选什么。)”可知，过多的选择会造成的问题是难以选择。故正确答案为A。 15. 词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“The fact is, there isn’t — so when we have spent half an hour deciding which cookie we want, we feel dissatisfied, because it’s not as good as expected. (事实并非如此——所以当我们花了半个小时来决定我们想要哪块饼干时，我们会感到不满意，因为它没有预期的那么好。)”可知，当我们花了半个小时决定想要哪种饼干时，我们会感到不满意，因为它不如预期的好。因此，“It’s not cookie perfection”的意思是没有完美的选择，而不是我们不能做好饼干、我们对所有饼干都很满意或饼干味道不好。A. we can’t make good cookies我们做不出好的饼干；B. there’s no perfect choice没有完美的选择；C. we are pleased with all cookies我们对所有的饼干都很满意；D. the cookie doesn’t taste delicious饼干味道不好。故正确答案为B。 16. 细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“We need to recognize that while some choice is good, too much can leave us at a loss. We should focus on being pleased with what we choose. I am going to remember this next time I’m offered a cookie — choose one and enjoy it! (我们需要认识到，虽然有些选择是好的，但太多的选择会让我们不知所措。我们应该专注于对我们的选择感到满意。下次有人给我饼干的时候，我一定要记住这一点——选一个，享受它！)”可知，作者认为我们应该专注于对自己所选择的东西感到满意，并在下次被提供饼干时选择一个并享受它。因此，作者解决选择过多问题的方法是享受所选择的，而不是认识到完美、快速做出选择或忽略所提供的内容。故正确答案为D。 E The Chengdu World University Games, held from July 28 to August 8, were more than just medals and sports. A total of 6,500 student-athletes from 113 countries and regions competed at the Chengdu games. Besides showing their skills in different sports, these athletes also learned about many sides of Chinese culture. Each night in the athletes’ village, they could experience activities such as trying on hanfu, playing Chinese chess and playing traditional Chinese music. On July 31, overseas athletes met the 6-year-old Zhi Ma, the panda who inspired the design of Rongbao — the mascot of the Games. Their excitement was obvious as most of them first met with a giant panda in person. To attract the attention of the giant pandas, many athletes also made an effort to learn how to say “come here” in the local Sichuan dialect(方言). Chinese and foreign athletes also made good friends during the games. One of the Chinese words that Brazilian badminton player Welton Menezes picked up was Tan — the family name of Tan Qiang, a Chinese opponent of his. On July 30, Tan beat Menezes with ease in a men’s doubles match during the mixed team event. But the image of Menezes’ worn-out(破旧的) shoes left a deep impression on Tan. He asked for Menezes’ shoe size immediately after the match and gave his own pair of new shoes to Menezes. 17. What did athletes do each night in the athletes’ village according to Paragraph 2? A. Took exercise. B. Played tennis. C. Played Chinese chess. 18. What is Zhi Ma? A. A panda. B. A monkey. C. An athlete. 19. Where is Welton Menezes from? A. China. B. Brazil. C. UK. 20. What’s the best title for the text? A. Unity Through Sports B. Wide Communication C. Interesting Games 【答案】17. C 18. A 19. B 20. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。成都世界大学生运动会7月28日至8月8日举行，运动健儿竞技同时，深入了解中国文化。赛事促进中外友谊。 17. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Each night in the athletes’ village, they could experience activities such as trying on hanfu, playing Chinese chess and playing traditional Chinese music. (每天晚上在奥运村，他们可以体验试穿汉服、下象棋和演奏中国传统音乐等活动。)”可知，每晚运动员们可以在运动员村下中国象棋。故选C。 18. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“On July 31, overseas athletes met the 6-year-old Zhi Ma, the panda who inspired the design of Rongbao—the mascot of the Games. (7月31日，海外运动员们见到了6岁的大熊猫智马，它是奥运会吉祥物荣宝设计的灵感来源。)”可知，Zhi Ma是一只大熊猫。故选A。 19. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“One of the Chinese words that Brazilian badminton player Welton Menezes picked up was Tan—the family name of Tan Qiang, a Chinese opponent of his. (巴西羽毛球运动员Welton Menezes在中文中提到的一个词是Tan，这是他的中国对手谭强的姓。)”可知，Welton Menezes来自巴西。故选B。 20. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“The Chengdu World University Games, held from July 28 to August 8, were more than just medals and sports. (7月28日至8月8日在成都举行的世界大学生运动会不仅仅是奖牌和运动。)”和倒数第二段“Chinese and foreign athletes also made good friends during the games. (中外运动员也在奥运会期间交了好朋友。)”可知，文章讲述了成都世界大学生运动会7月28日至8月8日举行，运动健儿竞技同时，深入了解中国文化。赛事促进中外友谊。“Unity Through Sports (体育团结)”符合题意。故选A。 二、完形填空 It was the school sports meet. My 1 still hadn’t healed(痊愈) from an earlier injury. I had questioned whether or not I should 2 the meet. But there I was, ready for the 3,000-meter race. “Ready... set...” The gun sounded and we were off. The other girls 3 ahead of me. I felt 4 as I fell farther behind. “Hooray!” the crowd shouted. It was the loudest 5 I had ever heard at a meet. The first-place runner was two laps (跑道的一圈) ahead of me when she 6 the finish line. “Maybe I should give up,” I thought as I ran. 7 , I kept going. During the last two laps, I ran in pain and decided not to 8 next year, even if my foot had healed by then. When I finished, I heard louder cheers. I turned around and saw that the 9 were preparing for their own race. “They must be cheering for the boys,” I thought. I was 10 the meet when several girls came up to me. “Wow, you’ve shown a lot of 11 !” one of them told me. “We were cheering for you. Did you hear us?” I felt hope again and decided to run again next year. I 12 that strength and courage aren’t always measured in medals or 13 . They’re in the difficulties we overcome. The 14 people are not always those who win, but those who don’t 15 , even when they are losing. 1. A. hand B. foot C. ear D. arm 2. A. watch B. plan C. attend D. host 3. A. rushed B. jumped C. walked D. stopped 4. A. warmth B. pride C. shame D. happiness 5. A. noise B. music C. report D. cheer 6. A. crossed B. cut C. missed D. saw 7. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Besides D. However 8. A. rest B. race C. exercise D. stay 9. A. teachers B. girls C. workers D. boys 10. A. leaving B. passing C. preparing D. returning 11. A. interest B. pity C. love D. courage 12. A. worried B. realized C. regretted D. mentioned 13. A. pains B. wealth C. victories D. time 14. A. busiest B. tallest C. smallest D. strongest 15. A. give out B. put up C. give up D. take off 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是脚部受伤的作者参加学校运动会3000米赛跑中的个人经历，包括她在比赛中面对的挑战、内心的挣扎以及最终得到的精神鼓舞和对勇气的新认识。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的脚还没有从早先的伤中痊愈。A. hand手；B. foot脚；C. ear耳朵；D. arm胳膊。根据后文“even if my foot had healed by then.”可知，即使那时脚痊愈了，由此可知，此处是指脚还没有痊愈。故选B。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我曾问过我是否应该参加运动会。A. watch观看；B. plan计划；C. attend参加；D. host主持。根据后文“But there I was, ready for the 3,000-meter race.”可知，作者已经准备好参加3000米的比赛了，由此可知，此处是指是否“参加”运动会。故选C。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他女孩冲到我前面。A. rushed冲；B. jumped跳；C. walked散步；D. stopped停止。根据语境和前文的“But there I was, ready for the 3,000-meter race.”可知，在跑步比赛中其他女孩冲到作者前面，符合语境。故选A。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我越来越落后，感到很羞愧。A. warmth温暖；B. pride骄傲；C. shame羞愧；D. happiness快乐。根据后文“as I fell farther behind”可知，作者远远落后于别人由此可知，此处是指作者因为落后而感到“羞愧”符合语境。故选C。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我在比赛中听到的最响亮的欢呼声。A. noise噪音；B. music音乐；C. report报告；D. cheer欢呼。根据前文的““Hooray!” the crowd shouted.”和后文的“I had ever heard at a meet.”可知，此处为运动会时为队员加油的场景，由此可知，此处是指最响亮的欢呼声。故选D。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一名跑者冲过终点线时领先我两圈。A. crossed穿越；B. cut裁剪；C. missed思念；D. saw看到。根据前文的“The first-place runner was two laps (跑道的一圈) ahead of me”和后文的“the finish line.”可知，第一名领先作者两圈，由此可知，此处是指第一名“穿过”终点线。故选A。 7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是我还是继续跑了。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Besides此外；D. However但是。根据前文““Maybe I should give up,” I thought as I ran.”可知，作者在考虑要不要放弃，结合后文“I kept going”可知，前后文构成转折关系。故选D。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最后两圈，我跑得很痛，决定明年不参加比赛，即使那时我的脚已经痊愈了。A. rest休息；B. race比赛；C. exercise锻炼；D. stay逗留。根据前文的“During the last two laps, I ran in pain”以及后文的“even if my foot had healed by then.”可知，作者由于最后两圈在痛苦中比赛，所以此处指即使脚痊愈了，明年也不参加比赛。故选B。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我转过身来，看到男孩们正在为自己的比赛做准备。A. teachers老师；B. girls女孩；C. workers工作人员；D. boys男孩。根据后文“They must be cheering for the boys”可知，作者看到他们准备为男孩们加油，由此可知，此处是指男孩们正在为自己的比赛做准备。故选D。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正要离开赛场，这时几个女孩向我走来。A. leaving离开；B. passing通过；C. preparing准备；D. returning返回。根据前文“When I finished, I heard louder cheers.”可知，作者完成比赛，由此可知，此处是指完赛后正要“离开”会场，符合语境。故选A。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“哇，你表现出了很大的勇气！”其中一个告诉我。A. interest兴趣；B. pity遗憾；C. love爱；D. courage勇气。根据语境和前文的“Wow, you’ve shown”可知，作者在脚未痊愈的情况下坚持完赛后，几个女孩过来夸赞作者，由此可知，此处是指女孩们夸赞作者表现出了很大的“勇气”。故选D。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我意识到力量和勇气并不总是用奖牌或胜利来衡量的。A. worried担忧；B. realized意识到；C. regretted后悔；D. mentioned提及。根据后文的“that strength and courage aren’t always measured in medals”可知，此处是指作者经历此事后感悟的道理，由此可知，此处表示“意识到”符合语境。故选B。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到力量和勇气并不总是用奖牌或胜利来衡量的。A. pains痛苦；B. wealth财富；C. victories胜利；D. time时间。根据语境和前文的“strength and courage aren’t always measured in medals or”可知，此处与“奖牌”意义相近，获得奖牌的人与胜利相关，结合后文“They’re in the difficulties we overcome. The ___14___ people are not always those who win, but those who don’t ___15___ , even when they are losing.”谈论的关于“胜利与失败”的问题可知，所以此处指的是“胜利”符合语境。故选C。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最强大的人并不总是那些胜利的人，而是那些即使失败也不放弃的人。A. busiest最忙碌的；B. tallest最高的；C. smallest最小的；D. strongest最强大的。根据语境和后文的“people are not always those who win”可知，作者意识到力量和勇气并不总是用奖牌或胜利来衡量的，所以他觉得“最强大的”人不总是那些获胜的人，所以，此处是指“最强大的”人。故选D。 15. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：最强大的人并不总是那些胜利的人，而是那些即使失败也不放弃的人。A. give out分发；B. put up张贴；C. give up放弃；D. take off起飞。根据语境和前文的“I felt hope again and decided to run again next year.”以及后文“even when they are losing”可知，作者在受伤的情况下完成比赛，而没有选择放弃，并决定明年还要参加比赛，由此可推断，此处指最强大的人不总是那些胜利的人，而是那些即使失败也不放弃的人。故选C。 三、语法填空 The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, usually in early September to early October of the Gregorian calendar 1 full moon at night. It is a time for family members and 2 (love) ones to gather and enjoy the full moon — 3 symbol of abundance, harmony and luck. Adults will usually indulge in fragrant mooncakes of many varieties with a good cup of piping hot Chinese tea, 4 the little ones run around with their brightly-lit lanterns. The festival has a long history. In ancient China, emperors followed the rite of offering sacrifices(祭品) to the sun in spring and to the moon in autumn. 5 (history) books of the Zhou Dynasty had the word “Mid-Autumn”. Later aristocrats(贵族成员) and literary figures helped expand the ceremony to common people. They enjoyed the full, bright moon on that day, 6 (express) their thoughts and feelings under it. By the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the Mid-Autumn Festival 7 (fix), which became even grander in the Song Dynasty (960-1279). In the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) 8 (dynasty), it grew to be a major festival of China. The Mid-Autumn Festival 9 (probable) began as a harvest festival. The festival was later given a mythological flavor with legends of Chang’e, 10 beautiful lady in the moon. 【答案】 1. with 2. loved 3. a 4. while 5. Historical 6. expressing 7. had been fixed 8. dynasties 9. probably 10. the 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中秋节的起源、传统习俗及其历史发展。 1. 考查介词。句意：中秋节在农历八月十五，通常在公历九月初到十月初，夜晚有一轮满月。此处表示“带有，伴有”，用介词with。故填with。 2. 考查形容词。句意：这是一个家庭成员和亲人团聚赏月的时间——满月象征着富足、和谐和好运。此处修饰名词ones，用形容词loved“心爱的”，作定语。故填loved。 3. 考查冠词。句意同上。此处泛指“一个象征”，symbol是以辅音音素开头的词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 4. 考查连词。句意：大人们通常会尽情享受各种香喷喷的月饼，配上一杯热气腾腾的中国茶，而孩子们则拿着明亮的灯笼跑来跑去。此处前后为对比关系，用连词while“而，然而”表示对比。故填while。 5. 考查形容词。句意：周朝的历史书上就有“中秋”一词。此处修饰名词books，用形容词historical“历史的”，作定语。故填Historical。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们在这一天欣赏又圆又亮的月亮，在月亮下表达自己的思想和感情。本句已有谓语enjoyed，动词express“表达”用非谓语形式，逻辑主语They与动词express是主谓关系，用现在分词expressing，作状语。故填expressing。 7. 考查动词语态。句意：到了唐朝（618-907年），中秋节被确定下来，到了宋朝（960-1279年），中秋节更加盛大。fix“确定”这一动作发生在“By the Tang Dynasty”之前，时态用过去完成时，主语the Mid-Autumn Festival和动词fix是被动关系，谓语用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been fixed。 8. 考查名词的数。句意：在明清时期，它成为中国的一个主要节日。此处指“明清两个朝代”，用名词dynasty“朝代”的复数形式。故填dynasties。 9. 考查副词。句意：中秋节可能起源于一个丰收的节日。此处修饰动词began，作状语，用副词 probably“可能”。故填probably。 10. 考查冠词。句意：后来，这个节日被赋予了神话色彩，有关于月亮上的美女嫦娥的传说。此处特指月亮上的美女，用定冠词the。故填the。 四、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你将参加下个月在上海举办的英语演讲比赛。你在资料搜集，语言运用和吸引观众的注意力等方面遇到了困难。请你根据以下内容给外国网友Jack写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 询问他的学习情况； 2. 描述你的困难； 3. 请求他的帮助 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Jack, How are you getting along with your study? I think you must have made some progress because you are working hard. I’m glad to tell you that I will attend the English speech contest to be held in Shanghai next month. However, I have some difficulty in collecting relevant information and putting what I have learned into practice. In addition, the most difficult thing is that I have no idea how I can attract the audience’s attention. I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice. Yours, Li Hua 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。向外国网友Jack寻求帮助，就手机材料、如何运用语言方面向对方寻求意见。 【详解】 第一步： 首先审题，准备英语演讲的过程中，在手机材料、如何运用语言方面等方面，向外国网友Jack寻求帮助。 第二步： 确认时态，选用正确的人称和时态，本文可用一般现在时或一般将来时，第一人称来写。然后写出单个句子，使用正确的连词，连句成段。 第三步： 文章可以分为两段，第一段写出简单的问候；第二段提出写信的目的，并提及自己在准备比赛的过程中遇到的问题。 第四步： 注意事项：①写这篇文章时，要注意文中给出的细节都要包括，不要遗漏； ②这篇文章对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可； ③写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题； ④尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。 【点睛】本篇书面表达要点全面，结构紧凑，是一篇较好的范文。这篇短文使用了大量的高级词汇、复合句和高级语法。例如： 固定搭配：have difficulty (in) doing… 情态动词+have+done：I think you must have made some progress because you are working hard. 动词不定式后置作定语：I will attend the English speech contest to be held in Shanghai next month. 宾语从句：putting what I have learned into practice. 表语从句：the most difficult thing is that I have no idea… 同位语从句：I have no idea how I can attract the audience’s attention. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题16 语法填空 ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 有提示词 1、动词 (1)谓语动词的时态,语态和主谓一致 一般考查1-2个，考生需要根据句子结构判断是否缺谓语动词。一旦确定句子缺少谓语动词，需要从3个方面考虑：时态、语态、主谓一致。确定时态要先观察本句中有无时间状语，不同的时间状语对应不同的时态。没有时间状语的，根据上下文中的时态确定空格的时态，常考查的时态有一般过去时和现在完成时。确定好时态后要考虑语态，也就是谓语动词与主语之间的关系，是主动还是被动。确定时态语态之后，还需考虑主谓一致的问题，即根据主语的单复数形式确定谓语动词的形式。 (2)非谓语动词 一般考查2个左右，这是语法填空中的一大难点。首先，要先观察设空句的主句和从句中有没有谓语动词来判断是否选用非谓语动词；其次要根据句子成分(主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等)明确合适的非谓语动词形式(不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词)。总之，可以把握一个总体方向，即V-ing形式往往表主动或动作进行，过去分词一般表示被动或完成，不定式一般作目的状语或后置定语。 2. 词性转化 如形容词变副词、动词变形容词、名词变形容词等词性转换和un, dis, in,im,ir,il等否定前缀。动词变名词的词性转换 3、形容词、副词的比较等级,名词的单复数,名词所有格,代词和数词. 命题主要围绕形容词、副词的比较级与最高级；名词主要考查单复数和所有格的变化。代词主要考查人称代词,物主代词,主格宾格反身代词和基数词序数词之间的转换 考点二 无提示词 1、介词,冠词,代词 对于介词的考查以介词与动词、形容词或名词的固定搭配为主，考生平时一定要注重阅读积累，培养做题语感。 冠词的用法主要和名词连在一起，根据上下文进行判断是用定冠词还是不定冠词，还要注意首字母是元音音素还是辅音音素，如an hour/an honor/an honest man/a unique building。考生也要积累一些含有冠词的固定搭配，如all of a sudden, in a hurry, take an interest in, have a good understanding of 等。 考查代词时如无提示词，则重点考查代词it，it可代指前文提到的单数名词或不可数名词，也可作形式主语或形式宾语，还有一些固定结构，如take it seriously, take it for granted that..., when it comes to...等。 2、并列连词和三大从句连词 连词的考查包括的内容比较宽泛，主要分为两大类，即并列句和复合句，这也是做连词题的关键。并列句是用并列连词将两个或两个以上的简单句串联构成的长句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。常考查的并列连词包括表转折的连词but, while, yet；表并列的连词and, or；表因果的连词because, so等。 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。复合句的考查主要包括定语从句的关系词(关系代词、关系副词)、名词性从句的连接词(从属连词、连接代词、连接副词)和各类状语从句的连接词。因此，考生务必要掌握三大从句的基本规则，做题时先判断从句类型，再分析从句成分，根据句意选择恰当的关系词或连接词。 考点一：动词时态,语态和主谓一致(有提示词) 例1. First, his two sledges ________(break) down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. 例2. The first person in each group writes a sentence and ________(fold) the paper over his/her writing, so the next person cannot see it. 例3. Our headmaster ________(arrange) for me to show the visitors around our school. 1. He often ________(quarrel) with his wife over unimportant matters. 2. She was ________(thrill) by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. 3. In 1943, many people ________(treat) unfairly due to their skin color in America. 4. You ________(prohibit) from hitting the other person with your head, shoulder or arm. 5. Many teenagers today ________(attract) to online games, but they should manage their time so that they won’t be addicted to those games. 考点二：非谓语动词(有提示词) 例1. She has a strong desire ________(catch) up on her reading during the holidays. 例2. ________(attract) by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. 例3. Besides ________(do) all my schoolwork, I chat with my friends, watch films and read the daily news and other interesting articles. 1. His parents, like most, hoped he would go to a big city ________(find) a teaching job. 2. ________(live) in the village was also more challenging than he had thought. 3. It takes me less than 15 minutes ________(wash), get changed, have breakfast and leave home. 4. What she tries to achieve is ________(prepare) herself for university. 5. ________(obtain) the degree, she has to pass all of the examinations. 考点三：词性转化(有提示词) 例1. Your task will be to examine the ________(possible) of constructing a new factory in the United Kingdom. 例2. He soon recovered(恢复) ________(he) and stopped crying. 例3. In the fictional worlds of film and TV, artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as so advanced that it is ________(distinguish) from humans. 1. She waited anxiously for her manager’s ________(approve) on the new project proposal. 2. The local market offers a ________(various) of fresh fruits and vegetables, from common apples to exotic dragon fruits. 3. Different cultures place varying ________(emphasis) on family values, social etiquette and personal achievements. 4. The ________(consume) of processed foods has been linked to an increasing risk of certain health issues in recent studies. 5. The town has changed beyond ________(recognize) since I was last here. 6. You must be ________(delight) with your current form and the way RealMadrid are playing at the moment. 7. I am not sure exactly how much money you will receive, but it will ________(rough) cover your major expense. 考点四: 名词单复数,所有格,形容词,副词的比较等级,代词,数词(有提示词) 例1. Great ________(change) have taken place in China in the past ten years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 例2. The charming scenery and the hot spring baths combine to make the traveler’s stay there most ________(enjoy). 例3. I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with ________(it) choking smog. 1. The traffic was ________(busy) than usual and there were more people on the bus. 2. He soon recovered(恢复) ________(he) and stopped crying. 3. After my ________(first) visit to Boston, I spent almost every winter in the north. 4. A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It’s ________(I).” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. 5. It was ________(she) who suggested we visit the Suzhou Gardens during the holiday. 6. He screams ________(loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. 考点五：介词,冠词和代词(无提示词) 例1. Xu Yi was learning English ________ an exchange student in the UK. 例2. I hope to have ________ happier, more fruitful and satisfying life in my new school. 例3. Communicating through a screen makes ________ more difficult for children to concentrate. 1. I also play computer games from time ________ time and I even play tennis on my television screen in my living room! 2. When the game ended our coach hit Paul ________ the shoulder, saying, “you’ve just earned your place on the team, big guy!” 3. I was ________ only girl in a rugby club of 250 boys. 4. Our team tried hard and as ________ result, we won the game. 5. ________ is my duty to do something for students in poor areas. 6. I thought ________ strange that my teacher could not show me love. 考点六：并列句和三大从句连词(无提示词) 例1. I would have been able to catch the first flight home, ________ my watch betrayed me. 例2. ________ is strange is that she always wears sunglasses indoors, even at night. 例3. This is the book ________ I bought yesterday. 1. ________ made him feel satisfied was that his students were able to read, speak and write in English. 2. The lab in ________ they worked has poor air quality. 3. He was only 1.6 metres tall, ________ made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. 4. He spoke so quickly ________ his students couldn’t follow him. 5. Many women experience a time of sadness ________ they give birth to a baby. 6. ________ difficult my life may be, I will never give in to the fate. 7. All people, ________ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 一、阅读理解 A A strategy is a plan for doing something well. You can use strategies before, during, and after reading. Before You Read Look at the title, headings, and photographs or illustrations. Think about what you already know about the topic. Guess what the text will be about and what you might learn from reading it     Set a purpose for reading. While You Read Think about what you understand and what you do not understand. Use the reading strategies below to help you understand the text. Use story structure(结构): Pay attention to the characters, background, and plot (情节) events to help you understand how a story is organized Make a summary: Stop for a short while as you read to find out the most important ideas in the text. Ask and answer questions: Ask yourself questions about what you do not understand in the text. Look for answers to questions as you read. Use diagrams: Make diagrams as you read to show how important ideas in the text are connected. Check understanding: When you do not understand a section of text, use one of these strategies to make the information clear • Read again    • Change reading speed • Read on     • Self-correct After You Read Talk with a classmate about which strategies you used and why you used them. 1. What should you do before you read? A. Use diagrams. B. Change reading speed. C. Talk with a classmate. D. Look at the title and headings. 2. Which of the following can help you understand how a story is organized? A. Using story structure. B. Making a summary. C. Checking understanding. D. Asking and answering questions. 3. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Procedures for questioning. B. Ways of making diagrams. C. Strategies for reading. D. Examinations of understanding. 4. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A film. B. A textbook. C. A dictionary. D. A document. B Danay loves to read. Her parents often find her awake past her bedtime, under the covers with a flashlight, racing to the end of a story. To Danay, all books have a magic of their own. Danay was shocked to find that kids near her may not own books or get to visit a library. She decided that needed to change. So she started an organization called Reading Heart. It collects books donated by people in the community. Then Danay and her family and friends hand them out to kids in schools, hospitals, and low-income areas nearby. In four years, they’ve given away nearly 400,000 books! On visits to schools, Danay turns the book giveaway into a party. With dancing, free T-shirts, and tables of books, her “Book Tour” has visited more than 150 schools in her area to get kids excited about reading. After kids choose their books, Danay gives them a challenge. “They can keep their book for as long as they like,” she says. “But when they finish it, they share it with a friend.” By exchanging books, Danay explains, kids get to read even more, yet still have a book to keep. “It’s like building mini (小型的) libraries for each kid. When we give 500 kids a book to share, each kid has the chance to read 500 books!” Once a year, Danay holds a Reading Extravaganza at a park. Every year, more than 4,000 kids walk away with bags full of free books they can read over the summer. Danay loves helping others discover the magic of reading. “It’s an amazing feeling to see a kid’s smile when they get a book for the first time.” 5. Why did Danay start Reading Heart? A. To raise money for kids. B. To collect books for libraries. C. To find her favourite books. D. To help kids get books to read. 6. What are the kids required to do after finishing reading a book? A. Share it with a friend. B. Give it to a library. C. Keep it all the time. D. Read it once again. 7. How many kids get free books at Reading Extravaganza every year? A. More than 150. B. About 500. C. Over 4,000. D. Nearly 400,000. 8. What is the best title for the text? A. Opening More Libraries B. Spreading Magic of Reading C. Educating Kids at Partics D. Enjoying School Activities C Dogs are well-known for wagging(摇摆) their tails when they are happy or excited. Recent research has revealed, however, that dogs’ tail-wagging is more complicated(复杂的) than many people believe. A group of scientists did more than 100 researches on how and why dogs wag their tails. They found dogs’ tails wag more to the right when they are experiencing positive feelings. Dogs’ tails wag more to the left when something makes them nervous or uncertain. When a dog’s tail is wagging low to the ground, it is a sign that the dog is willing or trying to please or calm someone. Dogs seem to understand different ways of tail-wagging can communicate different meanings. For example, when dogs see videos of other dogs’ tails wagging to the left, they show signs of stress. However, humans still have a great deal to learn about tail-wagging. One big question is why dogs wag their tails so much. The researchers suggested two possible explanations. One is that the humans who first raised dogs may have preferred dogs that were friendly toward humans, so those dogs were more likely to wag their tails. The other is that people were drawn to the rhythms(节奏) of a wagging tail, so they were more likely to choose dogs that wagged tails often. This feature would have been passed down. The scientists say further research should be done to understand more about the behaviour. “We still don’t know exactly which parts of the dog’s brain control which features of the tail-wagging,” researcher Andrea Ravignani said. 9. How will a dog wag its tail when it is nervous according to the text? A. More to the left. B. To the fast thythm. C. More to the right. D. Low to the ground. 10. What does Andrea Ravignani mean in the last paragraph? A. People usually prefer dogs wagging tails less. B. A dog’s brain has little to do with tail-wagging. C. The feature of dogs’ tail-wagging might disappear. D. There is still a lot to learn about dogs’ tail-wagging. 11. What is the text aimed at? A. Giving some suggestions. B. Introducing some scientists. C. Explaining a behaviour of dogs. D. Showing ways of raising dogs. 12. Which section of a magazine is the text probably taken from? A. Sport. B. Science. C. History. D. Art. D Do you know how many kinds of breakfast cereal(麦片) there are in my local supermarket? 165 kinds! That’s just one product. Think about all the varieties of biscuits, yoghourt, and chocolate bars. We have so much choice these days. It’s unbelievable! So all this choice must be a good thing, right? It makes us happier, right? Well, not necessarily. People like the idea of having a choice, and many people think more choice must be a good thing. But, in fact, too much choice can cause us problems. If there are too many different things to choose from, we can’t know what to choose. If you offer me a choice of three cookies, I can decide quickly which one I want. But if you offer me a choice of 33 cookies, my brain crashes. Another problem with too much choice is that we think there must be the perfect cookie somewhere. The fact is, there isn’t — so when we have spent half an hour deciding which cookie we want, we feel dissatisfied, because it’s not as good as expected. It’s not cookie perfection. And then we begin to regret all the other cookies we didn’t choose, thinking one of them might have been better. So there can be such a thing as too much choice. We need to recognize that while some choice is good, too much can leave us at a loss. We should focus on being pleased with what we choose. I am going to remember this next time I’m offered a cookie — choose one and enjoy it! 13. What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To sell a product. B. To express surprise. C. To introduce the topic. D. To answer a question. 14. What problem can too much choice cause? A. Difficulty in choosing. B. Worry about health. C. A careless decision. D. A loss of memory. 15. The underlined part “It’s not cookie perfection” probably means ________. A. we can’t make good cookies B. there’s no perfect choice C. we are pleased with all cookies D. the cookie doesn’t taste delicious 16. How will the writer solve the problem of too much choice according to the last paragraph? A. Recognize the perfect. B. Make a quick choice. C. Ignore what is offered. D. Enjoy what is chosen. E The Chengdu World University Games, held from July 28 to August 8, were more than just medals and sports. A total of 6,500 student-athletes from 113 countries and regions competed at the Chengdu games. Besides showing their skills in different sports, these athletes also learned about many sides of Chinese culture. Each night in the athletes’ village, they could experience activities such as trying on hanfu, playing Chinese chess and playing traditional Chinese music. On July 31, overseas athletes met the 6-year-old Zhi Ma, the panda who inspired the design of Rongbao — the mascot of the Games. Their excitement was obvious as most of them first met with a giant panda in person. To attract the attention of the giant pandas, many athletes also made an effort to learn how to say “come here” in the local Sichuan dialect(方言). Chinese and foreign athletes also made good friends during the games. One of the Chinese words that Brazilian badminton player Welton Menezes picked up was Tan — the family name of Tan Qiang, a Chinese opponent of his. On July 30, Tan beat Menezes with ease in a men’s doubles match during the mixed team event. But the image of Menezes’ worn-out(破旧的) shoes left a deep impression on Tan. He asked for Menezes’ shoe size immediately after the match and gave his own pair of new shoes to Menezes. 17. What did athletes do each night in the athletes’ village according to Paragraph 2? A. Took exercise. B. Played tennis. C. Played Chinese chess. 18. What is Zhi Ma? A. A panda. B. A monkey. C. An athlete. 19. Where is Welton Menezes from? A. China. B. Brazil. C. UK. 20. What’s the best title for the text? A. Unity Through Sports B. Wide Communication C. Interesting Games 二、完形填空 It was the school sports meet. My 1 still hadn’t healed(痊愈) from an earlier injury. I had questioned whether or not I should 2 the meet. But there I was, ready for the 3,000-meter race. “Ready... set...” The gun sounded and we were off. The other girls 3 ahead of me. I felt 4 as I fell farther behind. “Hooray!” the crowd shouted. It was the loudest 5 I had ever heard at a meet. The first-place runner was two laps (跑道的一圈) ahead of me when she 6 the finish line. “Maybe I should give up,” I thought as I ran. 7 , I kept going. During the last two laps, I ran in pain and decided not to 8 next year, even if my foot had healed by then. When I finished, I heard louder cheers. I turned around and saw that the 9 were preparing for their own race. “They must be cheering for the boys,” I thought. I was 10 the meet when several girls came up to me. “Wow, you’ve shown a lot of 11 !” one of them told me. “We were cheering for you. Did you hear us?” I felt hope again and decided to run again next year. I 12 that strength and courage aren’t always measured in medals or 13 . They’re in the difficulties we overcome. The 14 people are not always those who win, but those who don’t 15 , even when they are losing. 1. A. hand B. foot C. ear D. arm 2. A. watch B. plan C. attend D. host 3. A. rushed B. jumped C. walked D. stopped 4. A. warmth B. pride C. shame D. happiness 5. A. noise B. music C. report D. cheer 6. A. crossed B. cut C. missed D. saw 7. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Besides D. However 8. A. rest B. race C. exercise D. stay 9. A. teachers B. girls C. workers D. boys 10. A. leaving B. passing C. preparing D. returning 11. A. interest B. pity C. love D. courage 12. A. worried B. realized C. regretted D. mentioned 13. A. pains B. wealth C. victories D. time 14. A. busiest B. tallest C. smallest D. strongest 15. A. give out B. put up C. give up D. take off 三、语法填空 The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, usually in early September to early October of the Gregorian calendar 1 full moon at night. It is a time for family members and 2 (love) ones to gather and enjoy the full moon — 3 symbol of abundance, harmony and luck. Adults will usually indulge in fragrant mooncakes of many varieties with a good cup of piping hot Chinese tea, 4 the little ones run around with their brightly-lit lanterns. The festival has a long history. In ancient China, emperors followed the rite of offering sacrifices(祭品) to the sun in spring and to the moon in autumn. 5 (history) books of the Zhou Dynasty had the word “Mid-Autumn”. Later aristocrats(贵族成员) and literary figures helped expand the ceremony to common people. They enjoyed the full, bright moon on that day, 6 (express) their thoughts and feelings under it. By the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the Mid-Autumn Festival 7 (fix), which became even grander in the Song Dynasty (960-1279). In the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) 8 (dynasty), it grew to be a major festival of China. The Mid-Autumn Festival 9 (probable) began as a harvest festival. The festival was later given a mythological flavor with legends of Chang’e, 10 beautiful lady in the moon. 四、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你将参加下个月在上海举办的英语演讲比赛。你在资料搜集，语言运用和吸引观众的注意力等方面遇到了困难。请你根据以下内容给外国网友Jack写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 询问他的学习情况； 2. 描述你的困难； 3. 请求他的帮助 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $