专题08 定语从句（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，江苏专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题08 定语从句 ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 关系代词引导定语从句 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose(=of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 1. who，whom和whose引导的定语从句。 (1)who和whom都指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。 (2)whose指人的或物的，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。 Any man who has a sense of duty will be concerned about this item. 任何有责任感的人都会关注这个项目。 The rescue worker (whom/that/who) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的救援人员已经来了。 I frequently visit a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我经常拜访一位全国知名的科学家。 2. that和which引导的定语从句 that代替的先行词可以是人也可以是物，但是which代替的先行词只能是物。使用这两个关系词要注意以下两点： (1)5种只用that引导定语从句的情况。 ①先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，the one等不定代词时被all，any，few，every，no，little，much，some等修饰时。。 ②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。 ③先行词被the only，the very (正是，恰是), the last修饰时。 ④先行词既有人又有物时。 ⑤当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 All that you must keep in mind is that you must be buried in your research. 你必须记住的所有的事情是你必须专心于你的研究。 He was the first survivor that was dug out from the ruins. 他是从废墟中被挖出的第一个幸存者。 The only thing that we can do is give in to our parents’ ideas. 我们唯一能做的事情就是听从我们父母的意见。 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间见到的人和一些照片。 (2)4种只用which引导定语从句的情况。 ①引导非限制性定语从句时。 ②先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。 ③先行词本身是that时。 ④关系代词后有插入语时。 3. as引导的定语从句 as引导限制性定语从句主要用于the same...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中。 as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 We have found the same materials as are used in their factory. 我们已经找到了和他们工厂里使用的一样的材料。 4. 引导非限制性定语从句时as/which的区别 关系词 位置不同 表意不同 as 既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中 意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 As anybody can see，the elephant is like a snake. 正如每个人所看到的一样，这头大象像一条蛇。 The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 正如报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。 which 通常放在主句之后 意为“这一点”或“这件事”等 She married again，which was unexpected. 她再婚了，这是始料未及的。 5. 定语从句中的主谓一致 (1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。 The recorder that has been given to me is homemade.给我的那台录音机是国产的。 (2)“one of＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the、the only、the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。 He is the only one of the students who has made great progress. 他是这些学生中唯一一个取得很大进步的学生。 考点二 关系副词引导定语从句 1. 关系副词指代的先行词及其作用。 先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time，day，year等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which 表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示原因的名词：reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. 但就像所有的表演一样, 总有出错的时候。 There are two parks less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. 从家里步行不到10分钟的地方有两个公园, 附近的孩子们聚集在那里玩耍。 I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday. 我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。 2. 有时先行词是表示抽象地点的名词，像activity，business，career，case，job，point，position，race，stage，situation等，当从句中缺少状语时，用关系副词where。 Self-driving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 自动驾驶是中国和世界上其他国家都处于相同起跑线的一个领域。 3. 先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。 I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel a meeting because of ill health.我记得他很少有因为健康不佳而不得不取消会议的情况。 Taking her with me on official occasions where many important figures are present has been a challenge. 在很多大人物到场的正式场合带上她对我而言是一种挑战。 4. 当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，关系词可用that，in which或省略关系词。 It’s not what you say；it’s the way(that/in which) you say it. 问题不在于你说什么，而在于你怎么说。 5. 关系副词与关系代词的选择。 选用关系代词与关系副词时，首先应明确关系副词不可作主语或宾语。若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则定语从句需用关系代词引导；从句的谓语是及物动词，而其后无宾语，就必须用关系代词替代先行词充当其宾语；若为不及物动词，则从句中不需要宾语，需要用关系副词。如： 考点三 介词+关系词引导的定语从句 1. 若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。 He is the person on whom you can depend.他是你可以信赖的人。 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag.他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels.上周日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。 2. “介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：即：一先二动三意义 (1)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记在乡下度过的童年时光。 (2)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定 I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I had saved. 我买了很多书，花光了所有的积蓄。 (3)根据所表达的意思来确定 The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 没有它我们就不能生存的无色气体叫氧气。 3. whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly built café, the walls of which(＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，它的墙壁被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句 1.(2025年四川省高等职业教育单独考试招生文化素质考试) AI application is one of the hottest topics ________ people talk about nowadays. A. who B. that C. what D. which 2.(2024-2025学年天津市河东区普通高中学业水平模拟考试)Our class has sixty students, most of ________ study hard. A. them B. whom C. that D. who 3.( 2025-2026学年四川省大邑县职业高级中学高三上学期职普第一学月英语试卷) This is the best book ________ I have ever read. A. which B. that C. what D. who 1. The funniest thing about Charlie Chaplin was the way ________ he walked when he was acting as the Tramp. A. which B. how C. what D. that 2. The oldest museum ________ was built over a century ago is being repaired this year. A. who B. that C. which D. where 3. The father ________ tells stories before bedtime has created many sweet memories for his children. A. what B. which C. whom D. who 4. She had difficulty ________ the exercise ________ we had thought was easy to do. A. to finish; but B. finishing; and C. finishing; which D. finished; that 5. I shall never forget the days ________ I spent in Beijing University, ________ has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. when; that D. that; that 考点二：关系副词引导定语从句 1. This is the small library ________ we often read books after school. A. which B. what C. that D. where 2. October 1, 1949 was an unforgettable day ________ the People’s Republic of China was founded. A. when B. that C. which D. in which 3. The reason ________ he was late for the meeting was ________ his little son fell ill this morning. A. why; why B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because 1. The Stone Age is the name given to the time over 2,000,000 years ago, ________ life was very different from today. A. why B. which C. when D. where 2. Many students like surfing the internet, ________ they may find a lot of fantastic pictures and useful videos. A. which B. where C. when D. that 3. The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, ________ they plan to stay for three days. A. when B. there C. which D. where 4. The reason ________ he didn’t come to the meeting was ________ he was ill. A. because; that B. for which; because C. why; that D. for that; that 5. She’s got herself into a dangerous situation ________ she’s likely to lose her life. A. which B. that C. when D. where 考点三： “介词+关系代词” 引导定语从句 1. Within several months, Daniel helped raise $20,000, ________ a clinic was set up in Kenya. A. with whom B. for whom C. with which D. for which 2. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________ the sailing time was 260 days. A. from which B. during which C. of which D. for which 3. It’s said that this book has been adapted for two films, the first ________ will be released in the cinema this fall. A. of them B. of which C. of what D. which 1. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad. A. which B. of that C. which of D. of which 2. In case of sudden affliction with the virus, our hotel can ________ a certified nurse to look after your children, ________ the youngest apparently is having a fever at the moment. A. arrange; whose B. arrange for; whose C. arrange; of whom D. arrange for; of whom 3. With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, ________ can lead to enhanced corporate competitiveness. A. application of which B. of whom the application C. to which the application D. of which the application 4. Mr. Smith was really a very great teacher, ________ lectures we benefited a lot about communication skills. A. from whom B. of whom C. from whose D. of whose 5. There is no doubt that Chinese is a language ________ the beauty of philosophy and culture lies. A. with which B. in that C. in which D. on whom 一、单项选择 1. Despite all its ancient buildings, Xi’an is a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life. A. whom B. where C. that D. whose 2. ________ is known to all, the earth goes around the sun. A. It B. As C. That D. What 3. My new bike, ________ my father gave me as a birthday gift, was stolen yesterday. A. which B. that C. where D. how 4. The funniest thing about Charlie Chaplin was the way ________ he walked when he was acting as the Tramp. A. which B. how C. what D. that 5. The oldest museum ________ was built over a century ago is being repaired this year. A. who B. that C. which D. where 6. ________ is most significant is the way ________ people worked to make these terraces and grow rice. A. What, in which B. That, that C. Whether, in that D. What, how 7. This is the library ________ we often read books after school. A. which B. whom C. where D. whe 8. It’s said that this book has been adapted for two films, the first ________ will be released in the cinema this fall. A. of them B. of which C. of what D. which 9. We need to protect the mountain ________ ecological system has been damaged by illegal logging and over-tourism in recent years. A. where B. that C. which D. whose 10. The team has reached the final stage of the competition, a result ________ no one expected at the beginning of the season. A. which B. where C. when D. why 二、单句语法填空 1. Last week, only two people climbed to the top of the mountain, neither of ________ came from Europe. 2. A series of policies has been adopted so far ________ benefits the poverty-stricken people will enjoy. 3. The very museum ________ we paid a visit to last week has a collection of ancient coins. 4. There have been cases in the past ________ the gender of the panda was mistaken. 5. The park, ________ is very beautiful, lies at the corner of the street. 6. The volunteer ________ organizes community charity activities every weekend is my neighbor. 7. She has tried everything ________ could help her younger brother get rid of the bad habit. 8. ________ is often the case, the weather in spring is quite changeable. 9. He has a collection of vintage watches, most of ________ were made in Switzerland in the 1960s. 10. Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, ________ made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. 三、完成句子 1. 我们无法解释，为什么这么多人支持这项草案。 We could not give the reason, ________ ________ so many people were in favour of the draft. 2. 我们班有45名学生，其中只有10人在上一门选修艺术课。 There are 45 students in our class, out ________ ________ only 10 are taking an optional art course. 3. 那些想去那里的人请填写表格。 Those ________________ please fill out the form. 4. 我们大家都知道，地球是圆的。 ________________, the earth is round.   5. 我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。 I have two foreign teachers, ________ ________ ________ are from America. 6. 最吸引我的是橄榄球俱乐部。 The one ________________ the Rugby Club. 7. 众所周知，熟能生巧。 ________ we all know, practice makes perfect. 8. 凡是昨天没来开会的人必须陈述理由。 Anyone ________ failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason. 一、阅读理解 A Eating Out Are you looking for somewhere special to go this weekend? Do you want to try something new? Check out one of these hot new restaurants. Musical Chairs Have you noticed how music makes the taste of your food better? This new restaurant has different types of live music every night except Sundays, and excellent food to go with it, Great fish dishes, beef and pizza. Monday is classic rock night, so see you there. The Chocolate Box The owner of this small cafe used to cook all kinds of food. But then she realized she preferred sweets to anything else. If you want meat or fish, don’t come here. They only do desserts! Losts to different kinds of sweets, Chocolate lovers will be excited by the range of chocolate cakes. Last Days of the Raj A centrally-located Indian restaurant, perfect for eating before or after the cinema or a show. In summer enjoy your meal in the beautiful garden. The most popular dishes are beef and chicken cooked with mild, medium or hot spices. For brave customers there is extra hot! A Tasty of Tuscany Whether you’d like a great value-for-money lunch or a relaxed evening meal at a fantastic restaurant, this is the place for you. The cooks have all been trained in Italy and they make both traditional and modern dishes. We recommend the pasta and seafood. 1. What’s special about Music Chairs? A. Sunday is classic rock night every week. B. The chair there can play wonderful music. C. The restaurant only welcomes music lovers. D. You can enjoy your meal with live music there. 2. Which of the following does the Chocolate Box serve? A. Fish. B. Cakes. C. Seafood. D. Chicken. 3. Why do people go to Last Days of the Raj? A. To show others how brave they will be. B. To enjoy the meal while watching shows. C. To try the dishes there cooked with spices. D. To have meals in the garden all year round. 4. What can people do at A Taste of Tuscany? A. Enjoy a relaxed breakfast. B. Taste dishes cooked in Italy. C. Have a value-for-money lunch. D. Learn to cook pasta and seafood. B During the winter of 2014, I relocated back to Boston. Having experienced trouble in a neighboring state, I left there quickly and contacted some friends. They invited me to go and stay with them as long as I needed. The shelter(庇护所) they provided was the end of an 18-month suffering. That winter, we had a bad snowstorm. There were two feet of snow and ice on top of my car. When I started to shovel(铲) it, my snow shovel broke. I would use my ice scraper(刮刀) to clear the snow off the car before returning to my friends’ apartment and borrowing a shovel. Suddenly, a young man ran out of a neighboring house with a shovel. Smiling, I thanked him and reached for it. He smiled back and said, “I’ll do it for you, ma’ am.” Then he did the heavy shoveling while I cleaned the snow off my car. Together, we got my car out of the snow bank. He was just happy to help me out, which made my day, especially after my bad experience. I think I had unknowingly given up on people after my heartache. After his random act of kindness, my world was brighter, and I could smile more. I am doing much better now. I no longer live in Boston, but have a strong bond with it. In some respects, I was reborn there. Because of the difficulties I went through, I don’t think I can live a normal life again. But when I get down or things get hard, I think about what that young man and that group of friends did for me. It reminds me that there are many wonderful and selfless people on this planet. A few minutes of shoveling helped me connect again to the possibility of innocent acts of kindness. 5. How did the author feel before returning to Boston? A. Surprised. B. Bored. C. Heartbroken. D. Satisfied. 6. What did the young man do to help the author? A. He gave her a shelter. B. He lent a scraper to her. C. He started the car for her. D. He shoveled the snow off. 7. What happened to the author after the young man’s help? A. She suffered heartache. B. She got her hope back. C. She remembered her past. D. She put kindness into practice. 8. What do the young man and the friends mean to the author? A. The pain in Boston. B. The source of wealth. C. Her spiritual support. D. Her former memories. C Sunita Kumari Chaudhary quietly weaves(编织) together lengths of rope, mixing them with grass collected from the riverbank in her village of Dang. She skillfully shapes the materials into a nice box. As she weaves, she’s teaching a small group of women how to work with the materials. The ropes that Chaudhary and the others are using were once the lifeline for mountain climbers in Nepal’s mountains and were then tossed. The waste, including the ropes, is now finding new life, turned by skilled hands like Chaudhary’s into items to sell such as boxes and table mats(垫子). “At first, I didn’t know that these ropes were collected from the mountains,” Chaudhary says as she expertly weaves a blue-colored rope into a heart-shaped box. To her left, a box she made in the same way holds her tools — scissors and metal nails. On the floor are several mats she made, each a mix of golden yellow, purple and blue. “Later, I learned that the ropes were collected during a mountain cleaning project. And people like me, who are far from the mountains, are using our traditional skills to turn this waste into something totally new,” she said. The Himalayan mountains have been increasingly filled with waste left by mountaineering activities over the years. According to Nepal’s Department of Tourism, on Mt. Everest alone, there is nearly 140.000 tons of waste. In 2019, the government started the project Safa Himal Aviyan led by the Nepal Army. Waste collected from the project is either sent to a landfill if it’s biodegradable(可降解的) or reused if not. Now some of that material is finding its way to the locals like Chaudhary, thanks to the action. 9. How does Chaudhary deal with the collected ropes? A. She repurposes them. B. She sells them at a market. C. She repaints them. D. She sends them to a landfill. 10. Which is the closest in meaning to “tossed” in paragraph 2? A. Picked up. B. Held back. C. Thrown away. D. Checked out. 11. Why did the government start the project? A. To offer well-paid jobs. B. To clean up the mountains. C. To practice traditional skills. D. To help foreign tourists. 12. What can we learn about Chaudhary? A. She used to be a teacher. B. She joined the army in 2019. C. She sets up the project. D. She is skillful and creative. D With the rapidly developing of the society, culture have changed greatly. In the city, no one can escape from the fast pace. And as a result, the traditional culture are believed becoming lost. However, why the traditional culture are becoming lost? First, we eat the popularized fast food and enjoy the popularized “fast food” culture. Since we get used to such fast things that many traditional things have been ignored. Second, we have brought up many other cultures, those culture are more popular than our owe culture for the young people, they interest in the other cultures because those cultures are new things and the youngs are curious about new things. And young people stand for the future culture. So many people believe that the traditional culture will gradually be lost. To some traditional cultures that are on decline, we have taken active measures to conserve them. Experts have come up with proper advice on protecting such cultures. Many volunteers have dedicated themselves to studying them. First and foremost, more and more people have discerned the importance of the traditional culture. Therefore, we are sure that our efforts will lead to a brilliant future. If a culture wants to gain an eternal life, it should change itself to cater to the people in its age. So does our traditional culture. Traditional cultures adhering to modern means appear rigorous. For example, we make CDs for classic music so that it can not only meet modern needs but also spread further and more successfully in the modern world.The appearance of traditional culture changes, but the essence will never change and will be well accepted. 13. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. The importance of traditional culture. B. The reasons why traditional culture is becoming lost. C. The measures that have been taken to protect traditional culture. D. The benefits of learning other cultures. 14. What is the main reason for the loss of traditional culture? A. People are too busy to pay attention to traditional culture. B. Many traditional things have been ignored due to the popularity of fast food. C. Young people are more interested in other cultures. D. The government doesn’t pay enough attention to traditional culture. 15. What measures have been taken to protect traditional culture? A. Experts have provided advice on protecting traditional culture. B. Many volunteers have devoted themselves to studying traditional culture. C. The government has invested a lot of money in protecting traditional culture. D. All of the above. 16. Why is it necessary to change traditional culture? A. To make it more popular. B. To make it more suitable for modern society. C. To keep it alive. D. To make it more interesting. 二、完形填空 My first real running experience was with a youth sports club in the little town near where I grew up. We were a group of ____1____ training together three times a week for about two hours each session. That was a lot of ____2____, but we enjoyed it. We played many running games that made those ____3____ fun! I still love to ____4____ them today when I meet high school running teams or young athletes who are ____5____ about my training in those first years of competing and racing. In the beginning, though, my parents wanted me to ____6____ schoolwork rather than running, which is understandable. They did not see me as the Olympic ____7____ I dreamed of becoming. But once I was really onto the track, no one could take from me the passion (激情) I had discovered for ____8____. Those years were my best ____9____ as a young girl. I just enjoyed the fun and the _____10_____ feeling of being among friends on a team. We became a family of friends who helped, _____11_____ and cared for each other. Those are good memories I will always keep _____12_____. You can imagine how much _____13_____ this made my first competitive outings. We just went out and raced _____14_____- dressed in cotton shorts and shirts, and wearing canvas (帆布) shoes. We believed we could run fast because we were focused, we had trained well, and - most of all - we just _____15_____ to run! 1. A. teachers B. kids C. readers D. adults 2. A. anger B. laughter C. encouragement D. sweat 3. A. pickups B. checkouts C. workouts D. tryouts 4. A. afford B. carry C. hold D. share 5. A. curious B. anxious C. serious D. certain 6. A. apply for B. concentrate on C. make up D. get through 7. A. judge B. volunteer C. athlete D. coach 8. A. skiing B. skating C. swimming D. running 9. A. dreams B. thoughts C. memories D. promises 10. A. comfortable B. nervous C. competitive D. lonely 11. A. saw B. doubted C. challenged D. supported 12. A. in fear B. in mind C. in surprise D. in trouble 13. A. easier B. harder C. shorter D. safer 14. A. helplessly B. slowly C. confidently D. secretly 15. A. agreed B. loved C. started D. refused 三、语法填空 Food plays a significant role in classic Chinese novels, with one of the most famous examples being Cao Xueqin’s Dream of the Red Chamber. In this 18th-century novel, food is a key part of the story, revealing details about characters and advancing the plot. The book’s most famous dish, a ___1___(prepare) of eggplant called qiexiang (茄鲞), is a rich dish that requires ___2___(day) to prepare, involving steaming eggplant ten times in soup made from old hens. The dish overwhelms the family’s poor relatives, first with envy, ___3___ later with terrible discomfort in stomachs. The novel provides ample inspiration to today’s cooks. Food bloggers go viral with attempts ___4___(recreate) the book’s most famous dishes. “Red Chamber Banquets” pop up in theme restaurants across China, and indeed worldwide, with the dishes plated in Michelin style. While most foods ___5___(serve) in the novel are made with high skill, they are made with only a few simple seasonal ingredients. In China’s culinary culture, humble ingredients ___6___(prize) because they are in season. A relative ___7___ brags(吹嘘) about enjoying food out of season is later revealed to have a dangerously violent temper. A “bad apple,” one might say. Like all great literature, the enduring popularity of Dream of the Red Chamber comes from ___8___(it) many layers of meaning. Readers can appreciate it more than ___9___ an engaging story. The same can also be said about the food. When we read about it, we can admire the cooking art, mine ___10___ text for historical clues, or seek double meanings in every “bite”. 四、应用文写作 假定你是李华，校英语俱乐部在上周五举办了“用英语讲中国传统文化”的活动，作为俱乐部成员，请你写一篇新闻稿，投稿至校英语报。内容包括： 1. 活动目的和内容； 2. 活动反响。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 定语从句 ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 关系代词引导定语从句 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose(=of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 1. who，whom和whose引导的定语从句。 (1)who和whom都指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。 (2)whose指人的或物的，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。 Any man who has a sense of duty will be concerned about this item. 任何有责任感的人都会关注这个项目。 The rescue worker (whom/that/who) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的救援人员已经来了。 I frequently visit a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我经常拜访一位全国知名的科学家。 2. that和which引导的定语从句 that代替的先行词可以是人也可以是物，但是which代替的先行词只能是物。使用这两个关系词要注意以下两点： (1)5种只用that引导定语从句的情况。 ①先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，the one等不定代词时被all，any，few，every，no，little，much，some等修饰时。。 ②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。 ③先行词被the only，the very (正是，恰是), the last修饰时。 ④先行词既有人又有物时。 ⑤当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 All that you must keep in mind is that you must be buried in your research. 你必须记住的所有的事情是你必须专心于你的研究。 He was the first survivor that was dug out from the ruins. 他是从废墟中被挖出的第一个幸存者。 The only thing that we can do is give in to our parents’ ideas. 我们唯一能做的事情就是听从我们父母的意见。 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间见到的人和一些照片。 (2)4种只用which引导定语从句的情况。 ①引导非限制性定语从句时。 ②先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。 ③先行词本身是that时。 ④关系代词后有插入语时。 3. as引导的定语从句 as引导限制性定语从句主要用于the same...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中。 as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 We have found the same materials as are used in their factory. 我们已经找到了和他们工厂里使用的一样的材料。 4. 引导非限制性定语从句时as/which的区别 关系词 位置不同 表意不同 as 既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中 意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 As anybody can see，the elephant is like a snake. 正如每个人所看到的一样，这头大象像一条蛇。 The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 正如报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。 which 通常放在主句之后 意为“这一点”或“这件事”等 She married again，which was unexpected. 她再婚了，这是始料未及的。 5. 定语从句中的主谓一致 (1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。 The recorder that has been given to me is homemade.给我的那台录音机是国产的。 (2)“one of＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the、the only、the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。 He is the only one of the students who has made great progress. 他是这些学生中唯一一个取得很大进步的学生。 考点二 关系副词引导定语从句 1. 关系副词指代的先行词及其作用。 先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time，day，year等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which 表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示原因的名词：reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. 但就像所有的表演一样, 总有出错的时候。 There are two parks less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. 从家里步行不到10分钟的地方有两个公园, 附近的孩子们聚集在那里玩耍。 I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday. 我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。 2. 有时先行词是表示抽象地点的名词，像activity，business，career，case，job，point，position，race，stage，situation等，当从句中缺少状语时，用关系副词where。 Self-driving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 自动驾驶是中国和世界上其他国家都处于相同起跑线的一个领域。 3. 先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。 I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel a meeting because of ill health.我记得他很少有因为健康不佳而不得不取消会议的情况。 Taking her with me on official occasions where many important figures are present has been a challenge. 在很多大人物到场的正式场合带上她对我而言是一种挑战。 4. 当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，关系词可用that，in which或省略关系词。 It’s not what you say；it’s the way(that/in which) you say it. 问题不在于你说什么，而在于你怎么说。 5. 关系副词与关系代词的选择。 选用关系代词与关系副词时，首先应明确关系副词不可作主语或宾语。若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则定语从句需用关系代词引导；从句的谓语是及物动词，而其后无宾语，就必须用关系代词替代先行词充当其宾语；若为不及物动词，则从句中不需要宾语，需要用关系副词。如： 考点三 介词+关系词引导的定语从句 1. 若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。 He is the person on whom you can depend.他是你可以信赖的人。 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag.他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels.上周日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。 2. “介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：即：一先二动三意义 (1)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记在乡下度过的童年时光。 (2)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定 I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I had saved. 我买了很多书，花光了所有的积蓄。 (3)根据所表达的意思来确定 The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 没有它我们就不能生存的无色气体叫氧气。 3. whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly built café, the walls of which(＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，它的墙壁被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句 1.(2025年四川省高等职业教育单独考试招生文化素质考试) AI application is one of the hottest topics ________ people talk about nowadays. A. who B. that C. what D. which 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：人工智能的应用是当下人们热议的热门话题之一。定语从句修饰先行词topics，且被最高级“hottest”修饰，定语从句用“that”引导。故选B。 2.(2024-2025学年天津市河东区普通高中学业水平模拟考试)Our class has sixty students, most of ________ study hard. A. them B. whom C. that D. who 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们班有六十名学生，他们中的大多数学习都很努力。此处为“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词sixty students指的是人，所以此处使用关系代词whom。故选B项。 3.( 2025-2026学年四川省大邑县职业高级中学高三上学期职普第一学月英语试卷) This is the best book ________ I have ever read. A. which B. that C. what D. who 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我读过的最好的书。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the best book，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词有形容词最高级修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故选B。 1. The funniest thing about Charlie Chaplin was the way ________ he walked when he was acting as the Tramp. A. which B. how C. what D. that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：查理·卓别林最有趣的地方是他在扮演流浪汉时的走路方式。空处引导定语从句，先行词是the way，在定语从句中作方式状语，关系词可以用that、in which或者省略关系词。故选D。 2. The oldest museum ________ was built over a century ago is being repaired this year. A. who B. that C. which D. where 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那座建于一个多世纪前的最古老博物馆，今年正在进行修缮。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词museum指物，从句缺少主语，且先行词被形容词最高级oldest修饰，此时只能用关系代词that引导从句。故选B。 3. The father ________ tells stories before bedtime has created many sweet memories for his children. A. what B. which C. whom D. who 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：睡前讲故事的父亲给孩子们留下了许多美好的回忆。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词father是人，因此空格处用关系代词who引导定语从句，故选D。 4. She had difficulty ________ the exercise ________ we had thought was easy to do. A. to finish; but B. finishing; and C. finishing; which D. finished; that 【答案】C 【详解】考查动名词和定语从句。句意：她做这道练习题有困难，而我们之前以为这道题很容易做。have difficulty (in) doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，其中“in”可省略，因此第一个空需填动名词形式 finishing。第二个空中，the exercise为先行词，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词为which。we had thought在句子中是插入语。故选C。 5. I shall never forget the days ________ I spent in Beijing University, ________ has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. when; that D. that; that 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记在北京大学度过的那些日子，这对我的人生产生了巨大的影响。空处①引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词days，在从句中作宾语，故用关系代词that；空处②引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which。故选A。 考点二：关系副词引导定语从句 1. This is the small library ________ we often read books after school. A. which B. what C. that D. where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我们放学后经常读书的那个小图书馆。分析句子结构可知，This is the small library是主句，空处引导定语从句。根据“we often read books after school (主谓宾完整)”可知，先行词library在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选D。 2. October 1, 1949 was an unforgettable day ________ the People’s Republic of China was founded. A. when B. that C. which D. in which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的一个难忘的日子。句中先行词为day，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选A。 3. The reason ________ he was late for the meeting was ________ his little son fell ill this morning. A. why; why B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：他开会迟到的原因是他的小儿子今天早上生病了。第一空定语从句修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，故用why引导，故排除D选项；第二空引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，故用that引导。故选C。 1. The Stone Age is the name given to the time over 2,000,000 years ago, ________ life was very different from today. A. why B. which C. when D. where 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“石器时代”指的是大约200万年前的那个时期，在那个时期，人类的生活与如今大不相同。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词time，在从句作时间状语，用when。故选C。 2. Many students like surfing the internet, ________ they may find a lot of fantastic pictures and useful videos. A. which B. where C. when D. that 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多学生喜欢上网，在那里他们可以找到很多精彩的图片和有用的视频。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the internet，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导，故选B。 3. The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, ________ they plan to stay for three days. A. when B. there C. which D. where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这对夫妇将飞往法国度蜜月，法国是他们的第一站，他们计划在那里待三天。先行词是France，在从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。 4. The reason ________ he didn’t come to the meeting was ________ he was ill. A. because; that B. for which; because C. why; that D. for that; that 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：他没来开回的原因是他生病了。第一空引导定语从句，先行词为the reason，在从句中作原因状语，用关系副词why或for which引导；第二空引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，且引导词没有含义，用连接词that引导。故选C。 5. She’s got herself into a dangerous situation ________ she’s likely to lose her life. A. which B. that C. when D. where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她让自己陷入了危险境地，在这种情形下她很可能会丢掉性命。句中先行词为situation，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选D。 考点三： “介词+关系代词” 引导定语从句 1. Within several months, Daniel helped raise $20,000, ________ a clinic was set up in Kenya. A. with whom B. for whom C. with which D. for which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在几个月内，丹尼尔帮助筹集了2万美元，用这笔钱在肯尼亚建立了一家诊所。“________ a clinic was set up in Kenya”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词$20,000，表示“用这笔钱”，应用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，指物只能用which，根据句意“用这笔钱”可知，应使用介词with，表示使用的工具或手段，即“with+which”引导定语从句。故选C。 2. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________ the sailing time was 260 days. A. from which B. during which C. of which D. for which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位老水手环球航行用了九个月的时间，其中航行总时长为 260 天。根据选项内容可知，空格后的部分是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词nine months；非限定性定语从句中的which，指代的是主句中的nine months，由于the sailing time与nine months是所属关系，所以用of which。故选C项。 3. It’s said that this book has been adapted for two films, the first ________ will be released in the cinema this fall. A. of them B. of which C. of what D. which 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据说这本书已经被改编成两部电影，第一部将于今年秋天在电影院上映。“the first ________ will be released in the cinema this fall.”是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词two films，从句中表示“这两部电影中的第一部”，用“the first of the two films”，即“the first of which”，关系代词which将先行词代入从句作宾语。故选B项。 1. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad. A. which B. of that C. which of D. of which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋，其中80%销往国外。句中使用了“分数/百分数+of+which/whom”结构引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“half a million pair of shoes”，指物，应用关系代词which，作介词of的宾语。故选D项。 2. In case of sudden affliction with the virus, our hotel can ________ a certified nurse to look after your children, ________ the youngest apparently is having a fever at the moment. A. arrange; whose B. arrange for; whose C. arrange; of whom D. arrange for; of whom 【答案】D 【详解】考查短语和定语从句。句意：如果您突然感染了这种病毒，我们酒店可以安排一位有资质的护士来照顾您的孩子。其中最小的孩子目前似乎正在发烧。第一空：“安排某人做某事”的固定搭配是arrange for sb to do sth，因此第一空需填 arrange for，排除 A、C。第二空：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰your children。从句中“the youngest与your children是所属关系（即 “孩子们中最小的那个”），需用“of whom”（表示“在…… 之中”），相当于“whose youngest one”。若用“whose”，后面需直接接名词（如 “whose youngest child”），而此处“the youngest”是名词性短语，故用“of whom” 更恰当，排除B。故选D。 3. With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, ________ can lead to enhanced corporate competitiveness. A. application of which B. of whom the application C. to which the application D. of which the application 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：随着大数据时代的到来，数据科学的需求将会大幅增加，其应用能够提升企业的竞争力。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词data science（数据科学），结合句意可知从句主句应是“数据科学的应用”，data science用关系代词which代替，和appliance是所属关系，用of所有格，可表达为of which the appliance/the appliance of which。故选D。 4. Mr. Smith was really a very great teacher, ________ lectures we benefited a lot about communication skills. A. from whom B. of whom C. from whose D. of whose 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生真是一位非常了不起的老师，我们从他的讲座中学到了很多关于沟通技巧的知识。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词Mr. Smith，从句主干为“we benefited a lot about communication skills from ________ lectures”，benefit from 是固定搭配，意为“从……中受益”，因此介词from不可省略，lectures 与 Mr. Smith 之间是所属关系，需用关系代词whose表示“他的讲座”。故选C项。 5. There is no doubt that Chinese is a language ________ the beauty of philosophy and culture lies. A. with which B. in that C. in which D. on whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：毫无疑问，汉语是一门蕴含着哲学与文化之美的语言。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为a language，指物；从句中lies为不及物动词，需与介词搭配构成“lie in”的固定短语，修饰先行词时，介词in可提前至关系代词前，关系代词用which（指代物）。介词+关系代词，不能用that。故选C项。 一、单项选择 1. Despite all its ancient buildings, Xi’an is a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life. A. whom B. where C. that D. whose 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：尽管有许多古建筑，西安还是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方.“Xi’an is a place”句子完整，welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life缺主语，此空引导定语从句。先行词是a place，指物，此空在句中作主语，应用that或which。故选C。 2. ________ is known to all, the earth goes around the sun. A. It B. As C. That D. What 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。A. It它；B. As正如；C. That那；D. What什么。As is known to all 是固定短语，意为“众所周知”，As 引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个句子the earth goes around the sun。故选B。 3. My new bike, ________ my father gave me as a birthday gift, was stolen yesterday. A. which B. that C. where D. how 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我那辆新买的自行车（是父亲在我生日时送给我的礼物）昨天被偷了。先行词“my new bike”在非限制性定语从句中作“gave”的宾语，且非限制性定语从句中不能用“that”，故用“which”。故选A。 4. The funniest thing about Charlie Chaplin was the way ________ he walked when he was acting as the Tramp. A. which B. how C. what D. that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：查理·卓别林最有趣的地方是他在扮演流浪汉时的走路方式。空处引导定语从句，先行词是the way，在定语从句中作方式状语，关系词可以用that、in which或者省略关系词。故选D。 5. The oldest museum ________ was built over a century ago is being repaired this year. A. who B. that C. which D. where 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那座建于一个多世纪前的最古老博物馆，今年正在进行修缮。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词museum指物，从句缺少主语，且先行词被形容词最高级oldest修饰，此时只能用关系代词that引导从句。故选B。 6. ________ is most significant is the way ________ people worked to make these terraces and grow rice. A. What, in which B. That, that C. Whether, in that D. What, how 【答案】A 【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：最重要的是人们建造梯田和种植水稻的方式。第一空引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“所……的事物”，用what引导；第二空引导定语从句，修饰名词the way，关系词在从句中作方式状语，定语从句的关系词用that/in which或省略，为固定用法，故选A。 7. This is the library ________ we often read books after school. A. which B. whom C. where D. whe 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我们放学后经常读书的图书馆。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the library，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故选C。 8. It’s said that this book has been adapted for two films, the first ________ will be released in the cinema this fall. A. of them B. of which C. of what D. which 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据说这本书已经被改编成两部电影，第一部将于今年秋天在电影院上映。“the first ________ will be released in the cinema this fall.”是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词two films，从句中表示“这两部电影中的第一部”，用“the first of the two films”，即“the first of which”，关系代词which将先行词代入从句作宾语。故选B项。 9. We need to protect the mountain ________ ecological system has been damaged by illegal logging and over-tourism in recent years. A. where B. that C. which D. whose 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们需要保护这座山，它的生态系统近年来因非法伐木和过度旅游而遭到破坏。“______ ecological system has been damaged by illegal logging and over-tourism in recent years”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the mountain，关系词将其代入从句中作定语，即“这座山的生态系统”，应用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导定语从句。故选D项。 10. The team has reached the final stage of the competition, a result ________ no one expected at the beginning of the season. A. which B. where C. when D. why 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这支队伍已经进入了比赛的决赛阶段，这是赛季开始时没有人预料到的结果。空处引导定语从句，先行词a result，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故选A。 二、单句语法填空 1. Last week, only two people climbed to the top of the mountain, neither of ________ came from Europe. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上周，只有两个人爬上了这个山顶，他们都不是来自欧洲。分析句子成分可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是two people，介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，指人，只能用whom，指物，只能用which，故填whom。 2. A series of policies has been adopted so far ________ benefits the poverty-stricken people will enjoy. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：到目前为止，一系列政策已经出台，这些政策将惠及贫困人群。定语从句修饰先行词policies，在从句作定语，故填whose。 3. The very museum ________ we paid a visit to last week has a collection of ancient coins. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我们上周参观的那个博物馆里收藏着大量的古代硬币。先行词museum被very修饰，且在从句中作visit to的宾语，故用关系代词that引导。故填that。 4. There have been cases in the past ________ the gender of the panda was mistaken. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：过去曾有过熊猫性别被弄错的情况。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词是“cases”意为“情况、案例”，从句中不缺主语和宾语，且先行词表示“抽象地点”，需用关系副词where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 5. The park, ________ is very beautiful, lies at the corner of the street. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：公园位于街道的拐角处，非常漂亮。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词The park，指物，且在从句中作主语，所以用which。故填which。 6. The volunteer ________ organizes community charity activities every weekend is my neighbor. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那个每个周末组织社区慈善活动的志愿者是我的邻居。“______ organizes community charity activities every weekend”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词volunteer，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应关系代词who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that。 7. She has tried everything ________ could help her younger brother get rid of the bad habit. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她尝试了一切能帮助她弟弟改掉坏习惯的方法。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为everything，是不定代词，关系词在定语从句中作主语，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 8. ________ is often the case, the weather in spring is quite changeable. 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如通常情况那样，春天的天气变化无常。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处表示“常有的事”，用固定结构as is often the case，此处as引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语，表示“正如……；就像……”，代指逗号后面整个句子，且单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填As。 9. He has a collection of vintage watches, most of ________ were made in Switzerland in the 1960s. 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：他收藏了一批古董手表，其中大部分是20世纪60年代在瑞士制造的。根据先行词vintage watches以及逗号可知，“most of ____ were made in Switzerland in the 1960s”是非限制性定语从句，且most of后需接关系代词。先行词指物，此空应用which，构成“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。故填which。 10. Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, ________ made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：博格斯只有 1.6 米高，这让他成为了 NBA 历史上最矮的球员。空处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的整个句子，关系代词为which。故填which。 三、完成句子 1. 我们无法解释，为什么这么多人支持这项草案。 We could not give the reason, ________ ________ so many people were in favour of the draft. 【答案】for which 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意，此处需用非限制性定语从句补充说明“无法解释”的具体内容，先行词为“the reason”，且从句中不缺主干成分，在非限制性定语从句中，指代“原因”并作原因状语时，需用“for which”引导，相当于“why”。故填①for②which 。 2. 我们班有45名学生，其中只有10人在上一门选修艺术课。 There are 45 students in our class, out ________ ________ only 10 are taking an optional art course. 【答案】of whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们班有45名学生，其中只有10人在上一门选修艺术课。“out ________ ________ only 10 are taking an optional art course”是定语从句，修饰先行词45 students，表示“其中”用介词短语out of，关系词将先行词代入从句中作宾语，指人，用关系代词whom引导从句。故填of；whom。 3. 那些想去那里的人请填写表格。 Those ________________ please fill out the form. 【答案】who want to go there 【详解】考查定语从句、时态和主谓一致。句意：那些想去那里的人请填写表格。先行词Those指代人，且为复数，定语从句需用关系代词who引导；“想去那里”为“want to go there”。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。故填who want to go there。 4. 我们大家都知道，地球是圆的。 ________________, the earth is round.   【答案】As we all know 【详解】考查定语从句。根据汉语提示，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时；表示“正如我们大家都知道”用as we all know，此处使用as引导定语从句，作宾语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填As we all know。 5. 我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。 I have two foreign teachers, ________ ________ ________ are from America. 【答案】both of whom 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“他们（两）都”应用both of whom，其中both of，表“两者都”，为固定搭配；whom指代先行词“two foreign teachers”，引导非限制性定语从句；both of whom与后文“are from America” 搭配可完整表达“他们都来自美国”，语法和语义均通顺。故填both of whom。 6. 最吸引我的是橄榄球俱乐部。 The one ________________ the Rugby Club. 【答案】that attracted me most was 【详解】考查定语从句。“最吸引我的”作定语，修饰The one，应用that引导定语从句，that在从句中作主语。“吸引”使用动词attract，表示“最吸引”时应用most修饰attract，这里指“吸引我”，所以用代词宾格me作宾语。根据“是”可知，本句的主干是主系表结构，主句谓语用be动词。本句陈述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填that attracted me most was。 7. 众所周知，熟能生巧。 ________ we all know, practice makes perfect. 【答案】As 【详解】考查固定句型。“众所周知”as we all know，所以空处应使用as引导定语从句，修饰逗号后边的完整句子，且句首单词首字母大写。故填As。 8. 凡是昨天没来开会的人必须陈述理由。 Anyone ________ failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。根据汉语提示“凡是昨天没来开会的人”可知，句子主干为“Anyone must give his reason”，“failed to come to the meeting yesterday”是用来修饰先行词Anyone的定语从句。先行词Anyone指人，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，此处需用关系代词who来引导该从句。故填who。 一、阅读理解 A Eating Out Are you looking for somewhere special to go this weekend? Do you want to try something new? Check out one of these hot new restaurants. Musical Chairs Have you noticed how music makes the taste of your food better? This new restaurant has different types of live music every night except Sundays, and excellent food to go with it, Great fish dishes, beef and pizza. Monday is classic rock night, so see you there. The Chocolate Box The owner of this small cafe used to cook all kinds of food. But then she realized she preferred sweets to anything else. If you want meat or fish, don’t come here. They only do desserts! Losts to different kinds of sweets, Chocolate lovers will be excited by the range of chocolate cakes. Last Days of the Raj A centrally-located Indian restaurant, perfect for eating before or after the cinema or a show. In summer enjoy your meal in the beautiful garden. The most popular dishes are beef and chicken cooked with mild, medium or hot spices. For brave customers there is extra hot! A Tasty of Tuscany Whether you’d like a great value-for-money lunch or a relaxed evening meal at a fantastic restaurant, this is the place for you. The cooks have all been trained in Italy and they make both traditional and modern dishes. We recommend the pasta and seafood. 1. What’s special about Music Chairs? A. Sunday is classic rock night every week. B. The chair there can play wonderful music. C. The restaurant only welcomes music lovers. D. You can enjoy your meal with live music there. 2. Which of the following does the Chocolate Box serve? A. Fish. B. Cakes. C. Seafood. D. Chicken. 3. Why do people go to Last Days of the Raj? A. To show others how brave they will be. B. To enjoy the meal while watching shows. C. To try the dishes there cooked with spices. D. To have meals in the garden all year round. 4. What can people do at A Taste of Tuscany? A. Enjoy a relaxed breakfast. B. Taste dishes cooked in Italy. C. Have a value-for-money lunch. D. Learn to cook pasta and seafood. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章推荐几家热门新餐厅，介绍其特色，如音乐、甜品、印度菜及意式美食等。 1. 细节理解题。根据Musical Chairs部分中“This new restaurant has different types of live music every night except Sundays, and excellent food to go with it.(这家新餐厅除了星期天以外，每晚都有不同类型的现场音乐，还有美味的食物与之搭配)”可知，Musical Chairs的特别之处在于你可以在那里一边享受美食一边欣赏现场音乐。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据The Chocolate Box部分中“If you want meat or fish, don’t come here. They only do desserts! Lots of different kinds of sweets. Chocolate lovers will be excited by the range of chocolate cakes.(如果你想要肉或鱼，就不要来这里。他们只做甜点！有很多不同种类的甜食。巧克力爱好者会对各种巧克力蛋糕感到兴奋)”可知，The Chocolate Box提供的是蛋糕等甜点。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。根据Last Days of the Raj部分中“The most popular dishes are beef and chicken cooked with mild, medium or hot spices. For brave customers there is extra hot!(最受欢迎的菜肴是用淡味、中等辣味或辣味香料烹制的牛肉和鸡肉。对于勇敢的顾客，还有特辣的！)”可知，人们去Last Days of the Raj是为了尝试那里用香料烹制的菜肴。故选C项。 4. 细节理解题。根据A Tasty of Tuscany部分中“Whether you’d like a great value-for-money lunch or a relaxed evening meal at a fantastic restaurant, this is the place for you.(无论你是想要一顿物有所值的午餐，还是在一家很棒的餐厅享用一顿轻松的晚餐，这里都是适合你的地方)”可知，人们在A Tasty of Tuscany可以享用一顿物有所值的午餐。故选C项。 B During the winter of 2014, I relocated back to Boston. Having experienced trouble in a neighboring state, I left there quickly and contacted some friends. They invited me to go and stay with them as long as I needed. The shelter(庇护所) they provided was the end of an 18-month suffering. That winter, we had a bad snowstorm. There were two feet of snow and ice on top of my car. When I started to shovel(铲) it, my snow shovel broke. I would use my ice scraper(刮刀) to clear the snow off the car before returning to my friends’ apartment and borrowing a shovel. Suddenly, a young man ran out of a neighboring house with a shovel. Smiling, I thanked him and reached for it. He smiled back and said, “I’ll do it for you, ma’ am.” Then he did the heavy shoveling while I cleaned the snow off my car. Together, we got my car out of the snow bank. He was just happy to help me out, which made my day, especially after my bad experience. I think I had unknowingly given up on people after my heartache. After his random act of kindness, my world was brighter, and I could smile more. I am doing much better now. I no longer live in Boston, but have a strong bond with it. In some respects, I was reborn there. Because of the difficulties I went through, I don’t think I can live a normal life again. But when I get down or things get hard, I think about what that young man and that group of friends did for me. It reminds me that there are many wonderful and selfless people on this planet. A few minutes of shoveling helped me connect again to the possibility of innocent acts of kindness. 5. How did the author feel before returning to Boston? A. Surprised. B. Bored. C. Heartbroken. D. Satisfied. 6. What did the young man do to help the author? A. He gave her a shelter. B. He lent a scraper to her. C. He started the car for her. D. He shoveled the snow off. 7. What happened to the author after the young man’s help? A. She suffered heartache. B. She got her hope back. C. She remembered her past. D. She put kindness into practice. 8. What do the young man and the friends mean to the author? A. The pain in Boston. B. The source of wealth. C. Her spiritual support. D. Her former memories. 【答案】5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者经历困境回到波士顿后，得到朋友和陌生年轻人帮助，重拾对人性希望的故事。 5. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Having experienced trouble in a neighboring state, I left there quickly (在邻近的州遭遇困境后，我迅速离开了那里)以及第四段中的“I think I had unknowingly given up on people after my heartache. (我想在心痛之后，我不知不觉地对人性失去了信心。)”可知，作者回到波士顿之前内心是心碎的。故选C项。 6. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Suddenly, a young man ran out of a neighboring house with a shovel. Smiling, I thanked him and reached for it. He smiled back and said, “I’ll do it for you, ma’ am.” Then he did the heavy shoveling while I cleaned the snow off my car. (突然，一个年轻人拿着铲子从隔壁房子里跑了出来。我笑着向他道谢，伸手去拿铲子。他也笑了笑说：“女士，我来帮你吧。”然后他用力铲雪，我则清理车上的积雪。）可知，年轻人主动帮作者铲掉了车上的雪。故选D项。 7. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“After his random act of kindness, my world was brighter, and I could smile more.( 在他不经意的善举之后，我的世界变得更加明亮，我也能笑得更多了。)”以及最后一段中的“It reminds me that there are many wonderful and selfless people on this planet. A few minutes of shoveling helped me connect again to the possibility of innocent acts of kindness. (这提醒我，这个星球上有许多美好而无私的人。几分钟的铲雪让我重新感受到了纯真善举的可能性。)”可知，年轻人的帮助让作者重拾了希望。故选B项。 8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But when I get down or things get hard, I think about what that young man and that group of friends did for me. It reminds me that there are many wonderful and selfless people on this planet. (但当我情绪低落或遇到困难时，我就会想起那个年轻人和那群朋友为我所做的一切。这提醒我，这个星球上有许多美好而无私的人。)”可知，年轻人和朋友们的帮助成为了作者的精神支柱。故选C项。 C Sunita Kumari Chaudhary quietly weaves(编织) together lengths of rope, mixing them with grass collected from the riverbank in her village of Dang. She skillfully shapes the materials into a nice box. As she weaves, she’s teaching a small group of women how to work with the materials. The ropes that Chaudhary and the others are using were once the lifeline for mountain climbers in Nepal’s mountains and were then tossed. The waste, including the ropes, is now finding new life, turned by skilled hands like Chaudhary’s into items to sell such as boxes and table mats(垫子). “At first, I didn’t know that these ropes were collected from the mountains,” Chaudhary says as she expertly weaves a blue-colored rope into a heart-shaped box. To her left, a box she made in the same way holds her tools — scissors and metal nails. On the floor are several mats she made, each a mix of golden yellow, purple and blue. “Later, I learned that the ropes were collected during a mountain cleaning project. And people like me, who are far from the mountains, are using our traditional skills to turn this waste into something totally new,” she said. The Himalayan mountains have been increasingly filled with waste left by mountaineering activities over the years. According to Nepal’s Department of Tourism, on Mt. Everest alone, there is nearly 140.000 tons of waste. In 2019, the government started the project Safa Himal Aviyan led by the Nepal Army. Waste collected from the project is either sent to a landfill if it’s biodegradable(可降解的) or reused if not. Now some of that material is finding its way to the locals like Chaudhary, thanks to the action. 9. How does Chaudhary deal with the collected ropes? A. She repurposes them. B. She sells them at a market. C. She repaints them. D. She sends them to a landfill. 10. Which is the closest in meaning to “tossed” in paragraph 2? A. Picked up. B. Held back. C. Thrown away. D. Checked out. 11. Why did the government start the project? A. To offer well-paid jobs. B. To clean up the mountains. C. To practice traditional skills. D. To help foreign tourists. 12. What can we learn about Chaudhary? A. She used to be a teacher. B. She joined the army in 2019. C. She sets up the project. D. She is skillful and creative. 【答案】9. A 10. C 11. B 12. D 【语篇解读】文章体裁为说明文。文章主要讲述了尼泊尔的废弃登山绳索被再利用，政府也开展相关项目。 9. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The waste, including the ropes, is now finding new life, turned by skilled hands like Chaudhary’s into items to sell such as boxes and table mats (垫子). (包括这些绳子在内的废弃物现在有了新的用途，在像Chaudhary这样的巧手之下，它们被变成了诸如盒子和桌垫之类可以售卖的物品。)”可知，Chaudhary对收集来的绳索进行了重新利用。故选A。 10. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The ropes that Chaudhary and the others are using were once the lifeline for mountain climbers in Nepal’s mountains and were then tossed. The waste, including the ropes, is now finding new life (乔杜里和其他人使用的绳索曾经是尼泊尔山区登山者的生命线，然后被tossed。包括绳索在内的这些废弃物现在有了新的用途)”可知，这些绳索现在成了废弃物，由此推测tossed意思是“被扔掉”，与Thrown away意思相近。故选C。 11. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The Himalayan mountains have been increasingly filled with waste left by mountaineering activities over the years. According to Nepal’s Department of Tourism, on Mt. Everest alone, there is nearly 140.000 tons of waste. In 2019, the government started the project Safa Himal Aviyan led by the Nepal Army. Waste collected from the project is either sent to a landfill if it’s biodegradable (可降解的) or reused if not. (多年来，喜马拉雅山脉被登山活动留下的废弃物填得越来越多。根据尼泊尔旅游部门的数据，仅在珠穆朗玛峰上就有近14万吨废弃物。2019年，政府启动了由尼泊尔军队牵头的“萨法喜马拉雅阿维扬”项目。从这个项目中收集到的废弃物，如果是可降解的，就被送到垃圾填埋场；如果不可降解，就被重新利用。)”可知，政府启动这个项目是为了清理山上的垃圾。故选B。 12. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“She skillfully shapes the materials into a nice box. (她熟练地把这些材料做成一个漂亮的盒子。)”以及第二段中“The waste, including the ropes, is now finding new life, turned by skilled hands like Chaudhary’s into items to sell such as boxes and table mats (垫子). (包括绳索在内的这些废弃物现在有了新的用途，被像Chaudhary这样的巧手变成盒子和桌垫等可供出售的物品。)”可知，乔杜里手艺娴熟且富有创造力。故选D。 D With the rapidly developing of the society, culture have changed greatly. In the city, no one can escape from the fast pace. And as a result, the traditional culture are believed becoming lost. However, why the traditional culture are becoming lost? First, we eat the popularized fast food and enjoy the popularized “fast food” culture. Since we get used to such fast things that many traditional things have been ignored. Second, we have brought up many other cultures, those culture are more popular than our owe culture for the young people, they interest in the other cultures because those cultures are new things and the youngs are curious about new things. And young people stand for the future culture. So many people believe that the traditional culture will gradually be lost. To some traditional cultures that are on decline, we have taken active measures to conserve them. Experts have come up with proper advice on protecting such cultures. Many volunteers have dedicated themselves to studying them. First and foremost, more and more people have discerned the importance of the traditional culture. Therefore, we are sure that our efforts will lead to a brilliant future. If a culture wants to gain an eternal life, it should change itself to cater to the people in its age. So does our traditional culture. Traditional cultures adhering to modern means appear rigorous. For example, we make CDs for classic music so that it can not only meet modern needs but also spread further and more successfully in the modern world.The appearance of traditional culture changes, but the essence will never change and will be well accepted. 13. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. The importance of traditional culture. B. The reasons why traditional culture is becoming lost. C. The measures that have been taken to protect traditional culture. D. The benefits of learning other cultures. 14. What is the main reason for the loss of traditional culture? A. People are too busy to pay attention to traditional culture. B. Many traditional things have been ignored due to the popularity of fast food. C. Young people are more interested in other cultures. D. The government doesn’t pay enough attention to traditional culture. 15. What measures have been taken to protect traditional culture? A. Experts have provided advice on protecting traditional culture. B. Many volunteers have devoted themselves to studying traditional culture. C. The government has invested a lot of money in protecting traditional culture. D. All of the above. 16. Why is it necessary to change traditional culture? A. To make it more popular. B. To make it more suitable for modern society. C. To keep it alive. D. To make it more interesting. 【答案】13. A 14. B 15. D 16. B 【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了传统文化在现代社会中逐渐被忽视的原因，并提出了保护和传承传统文化的措施。 13. 段落大意题。根据第二段“To some traditional cultures that are on decline, we have taken active measures to conserve them. Experts have come up with proper advice on protecting such cultures. Many volunteers have dedicated themselves to studying them. First and foremost, more and more people have discerned the importance of the traditional culture. Therefore, we are sure that our efforts will lead to a brilliant future. (对于一些正在衰落的传统文化，我们积极采取措施加以保护，专家们也给出了保护这些文化的正确建议，很多志愿者也投入到研究当中。最重要的是，越来越多的人认识到了传统文化的重要性。因此，我们相信我们的努力一定会带来美好的未来。)”可知，第二段主要讨论了传统文化正在消失的原因，这是因为传统文化非常重要，故选A项。 14. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“However, why the traditional culture are becoming lost? First, we eat the popularized fast food and enjoy the popularized(然而，为什么传统文化正在消失呢？首先，我们吃流行的快餐并享受流行的“快餐”文化。)”可知，选项B“快餐的流行使得许多传统的东西被忽视了。”与第一段内容相符，指出快餐文化的流行是主要原因。故选B项。 15. 推理判断题。第二段提到了保护传统文化所采取的措施。选项A提到专家提供了保护传统文化的建议，这是第二段提到的措施之一“Experts have come up with proper advice on protecting such cultures (专家已经提出了保护这些文化的适当建议。)”；选项B提到许多志愿者致力于研究传统文化，这也是第二段提到的措施“Many volunteers have dedicated themselves to studying them (许多志愿者致力于研究它们。)”；选项C提到政府投入大量资金保护传统文化，第二段提到“more and more people have discerned the importance of the traditional culture (越来越多的人已经认识到了传统文化的重要性。)”，那么政府也一定会加大对传统文化的投入。故选D项。 16. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If a culture wants to gain an eternal life, it should change itself to cater to the people in its age (如果一种文化想要获得永恒的生命，它应该改变自己以迎合它的时代的人。)”可知，选项B提到使其更适合现代社会，这与文中提到的“使其适应当代人的需求”相符因此，故选B项。 二、完形填空 My first real running experience was with a youth sports club in the little town near where I grew up. We were a group of ____1____ training together three times a week for about two hours each session. That was a lot of ____2____, but we enjoyed it. We played many running games that made those ____3____ fun! I still love to ____4____ them today when I meet high school running teams or young athletes who are ____5____ about my training in those first years of competing and racing. In the beginning, though, my parents wanted me to ____6____ schoolwork rather than running, which is understandable. They did not see me as the Olympic ____7____ I dreamed of becoming. But once I was really onto the track, no one could take from me the passion (激情) I had discovered for ____8____. Those years were my best ____9____ as a young girl. I just enjoyed the fun and the _____10_____ feeling of being among friends on a team. We became a family of friends who helped, _____11_____ and cared for each other. Those are good memories I will always keep _____12_____. You can imagine how much _____13_____ this made my first competitive outings. We just went out and raced _____14_____- dressed in cotton shorts and shirts, and wearing canvas (帆布) shoes. We believed we could run fast because we were focused, we had trained well, and - most of all - we just _____15_____ to run! 1. A. teachers B. kids C. readers D. adults 2. A. anger B. laughter C. encouragement D. sweat 3. A. pickups B. checkouts C. workouts D. tryouts 4. A. afford B. carry C. hold D. share 5. A. curious B. anxious C. serious D. certain 6. A. apply for B. concentrate on C. make up D. get through 7. A. judge B. volunteer C. athlete D. coach 8. A. skiing B. skating C. swimming D. running 9. A. dreams B. thoughts C. memories D. promises 10. A. comfortable B. nervous C. competitive D. lonely 11. A. saw B. doubted C. challenged D. supported 12. A. in fear B. in mind C. in surprise D. in trouble 13. A. easier B. harder C. shorter D. safer 14. A. helplessly B. slowly C. confidently D. secretly 15. A. agreed B. loved C. started D. refused 【答案】 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己早年参与跑步训练和比赛的经历，以及这些经历对自己成长和心态的影响。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们是一群孩子，每周一起训练三次，每次训练大约两个小时。A. teachers老师；B. kids孩子；C. readers读者；D. adults成年人。根据下文“In the beginning, though, my parents wanted me to ____6____ schoolwork rather than running, which is understandable.”可知，作者小时候父母希望他专注于学业而不是跑步，所以此处应指一群孩子。故选B。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然流了很多汗，但我们乐在其中。A. anger愤怒；B. laughter笑声；C. encouragement鼓励；D. sweat汗水。根据上文“training together three times a week for about two hours each session.”可知，此处应指训练流了 3.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们玩了许多跑步游戏，让锻炼变得有趣起来！A. pickups接送；B. checkouts结账；C. workouts锻炼；D. tryouts选拔。根据上文“We played many running games”可知，此处指玩了很多跑步游戏使那些锻炼变得有趣。故选C。 4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使到了今天，当我遇到高中跑步队或对我在比赛和竞赛初期训练方式感到好奇的年轻运动员时，我仍然喜欢与他们分享这些游戏。A. afford付得起；B. carry携带；C. hold握住；D. share分享。根据下文“when I meet high school running teams or young athletes”可知，此处应指遇到高中跑步队或年轻运动员时仍然喜欢分享那些跑步游戏，故选D。 5.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. curious好奇的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. serious严重的；D. certain确定的。根据上文“I still love to____4____ them today”可知，此处应指遇到对作者训练好奇的年轻运动员。故选A。 6.考查动词短语辨析。句意：不过，一开始，我的父母希望我专注于学业而不是跑步，这是可以理解的。A. apply for申请；B. concentrate on专注于；C. make up编造；D. get through通过。根据下文“rather than running”可知，此处应指父母希望作者专注于学业而不是跑步。故选B。 7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们并没有把我看作是我梦想成为的那种奥运选手。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志愿者；C. athlete运动员；D. coach教练。根据上文“my parents wanted me to ____6____ schoolwork rather than running”可知，作者的父母并没有把作者当作奥运运动员。故选C。 8.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，一旦我真的踏上了跑道，就没人能夺走我发现的对跑步的热爱。A. skiing滑雪；B. skating滑冰；C. swimming游泳；D. running跑步。根据上文“I still love to ____4____ them today when I meet high school running teams or young athletes who are ____5____ about my training in those first years of competing and racing.”可知，作者对跑步充满热情。故选D。 9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些年是我作为一个小女孩最美好的记忆。A. dreams梦想；B. thoughts想法；C. memories记忆；D. promises承诺。根据下文“Those are good memories I will always keep ____12___.”可知，此处是信息词memories的词汇复现。故选C。 10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只是享受其中的乐趣，享受作为团队一员与朋友相处的舒适感。A. comfortable舒服的；B. nervous紧张的；C. competitive有竞争力的；D. lonely孤独的。根据“I just enjoyed the fun”可知，作者享受作为团队中朋友之间的舒适感觉。故选A。 11.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们成为了一个互相帮助、互相支持、互相关心的朋友大家庭。A. saw看见；B. doubted怀疑；C. challenged挑战；D. supported支持。根据“We became a family of friends who helped”和“cared for each other.”可知，此处指相互支持。故选D。 12.考查介词短语辨析。句意：这些是我将永远铭记在心的美好回忆。A. in fear害怕地；B. in mind在脑海中；C. in surprise惊讶地；D. in trouble处于困境中。根据上文“Those years were my best ____9____ as a young girl.”可知，那些是作者将永远在脑海中的美好回忆。故选B。 13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可以想象，这给我的初次竞技出行带来了多大的便利。A. easier更容易的；B. harder更艰难的；C. shorter更短的；D. safer更安全的。根据下文“We just went out and raced ____14____ - dressed in cotton shorts and shirts, and wearing canvas (帆布) shoes.”可知，此处应指穿着棉质短裤和衬衫，穿着帆布鞋，可以想象这让作者的第一次竞技之旅变得更容易多少。故选A。 14.考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们只是穿上棉质短裤和衬衫，再蹬上一双帆布鞋，就自信满满地出去比赛了。A. helplessly无助地；B. slowly慢慢地；C. confidently自信地；D. secretly秘密地。根据上文“You can imagine how much ____13____ this made my first competitive outings.”和下文“dressed in cotton shorts and shirts, and wearing canvas (帆布) shoes.”可知，作者自信地出去比赛。故选C。 15.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们相信我们能跑得很快，因为我们专心致志，我们训练有素，最重要的是，我们热爱跑步！A. agreed同意；B. loved喜欢；C. started开始；D. refused拒绝。根据上文“We believed we could run fast because we were focused, we had trained well”可知，作者认为最重要的是喜欢跑步。故选B。 三、语法填空 Food plays a significant role in classic Chinese novels, with one of the most famous examples being Cao Xueqin’s Dream of the Red Chamber. In this 18th-century novel, food is a key part of the story, revealing details about characters and advancing the plot. The book’s most famous dish, a ___1___(prepare) of eggplant called qiexiang (茄鲞), is a rich dish that requires ___2___(day) to prepare, involving steaming eggplant ten times in soup made from old hens. The dish overwhelms the family’s poor relatives, first with envy, ___3___ later with terrible discomfort in stomachs. The novel provides ample inspiration to today’s cooks. Food bloggers go viral with attempts ___4___(recreate) the book’s most famous dishes. “Red Chamber Banquets” pop up in theme restaurants across China, and indeed worldwide, with the dishes plated in Michelin style. While most foods ___5___(serve) in the novel are made with high skill, they are made with only a few simple seasonal ingredients. In China’s culinary culture, humble ingredients ___6___(prize) because they are in season. A relative ___7___ brags(吹嘘) about enjoying food out of season is later revealed to have a dangerously violent temper. A “bad apple,” one might say. Like all great literature, the enduring popularity of Dream of the Red Chamber comes from ___8___(it) many layers of meaning. Readers can appreciate it more than ___9___ an engaging story. The same can also be said about the food. When we read about it, we can admire the cooking art, mine ___10___ text for historical clues, or seek double meanings in every “bite”. 【答案】 1. preparation 2. days 3. and 4. to recreate 5. served 6. are prized 7 . who/that 8 . its 9 . as 10. the 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文通过分析《红楼梦》中饮食描写的作用，如刻画人物、推动情节、反映文化，说明其在文学和烹饪领域的持久影响力。 1. 考查名词单数。句意：这本书中提到的最著名的菜肴是名为“茄鲞”的茄子料理，这是一道用料丰富的菜肴，需要数天时间准备才能做好，制作过程包括将茄子多次放入由老母鸡熬制的汤中蒸煮。a ___1___(prepare) of eggplant called qiexiang (茄鲞)名词所有格结构，冠词a后需接单数名词。动词prepare (准备)的名词形式为preparation (准备)。故填preparation。 2.考查名词复数。句意：这本书中提到的最著名的菜肴是名为“茄鲞”的茄子料理，这是一道用料丰富的菜肴，需要数天时间准备才能做好，制作过程包括将茄子多次放入由老母鸡熬制的汤中蒸煮。这里表达“需要数天时间准备”，应用可数名词day的复数形式days，表泛指多日。故填days。 3.考查并列连词。句意：这道菜征服了这个家族的穷亲戚们，他们先是嫉妒，后来又让他们胃部不适。first with envy和later with terrible discomfort in stomachs是并列顺承关系，用并列连词and。故填and。 4…考查不定式。句意：美食博主们试图重现这本书中最著名的菜肴，这在网上疯传。此处的attempt为名词，意为“企图；试图；尝试”，其后接动词不定式to do，作其后置定语，表示“尝试做某事的企图”。故填to recreate。 5…考查过去分词。句意：小说中所呈现的大多数食物都是经过高超技艺烹制而成的，但它们所用的原料却只有几种简单的应季食材。___5___(serve) in the novel为之前名词foods的后置定语，非谓语动词serve与foods之间为逻辑被动关系，serve需用过去分词形式。故填served。 6.考查时态和语态。句意：在中国的烹饪文化中，简单的食材因为是时令食材而受到重视。所填动词为句子的谓语动词，结合语境，这里描述一般事实，用一般现在时，注意主谓一致，且主句复数主语humble ingredients与主句谓语动词prize (珍视)为被动关系，需用一般现在时被动语态：are done。故填are prized。 7.考查定语从句关系词。句意：一个吹嘘自己喜欢吃反季节食物的亲戚后来被发现有危险的暴戾脾气。___7__ brags about enjoying food out of season为之前名词A relative的限制性定语从句，先行词A relative指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。 8.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：像所有伟大的文学作品一样，《红楼梦》之所以经久不衰，源于它的多层含义。用形容词性物主代词its，作定语，修饰名词短语many layers of meaning (多层含义)。故填its。 9.考查介词。句意：读者可以欣赏它，而不仅仅是作为一个引人入胜的故事。分析语境可知，“an engaging story (一个有趣的故事)”是《红楼梦》的身份特征，用介词as表“作为”这个含义，表达“不仅仅是作为一个有趣的故事”。故填as。 10.考查定冠词。句意：当我们阅读相关内容时，我们可以领略烹饪艺术的魅力，从文中寻找历史线索，或者在每一口“咀嚼”中探寻其深层含义。分析语境可知，text特指前文提到的《红楼梦》文本，需用定冠词the表特指。故填the。 四、应用文写作 假定你是李华，校英语俱乐部在上周五举办了“用英语讲中国传统文化”的活动，作为俱乐部成员，请你写一篇新闻稿，投稿至校英语报。内容包括： 1. 活动目的和内容； 2. 活动反响。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Last Friday, the English Club organized an event themed “Introducing Traditional Chinese Culture in English”, whose aim was to boost students’ oral English and enhance their understanding of Chinese culture. Students delivered wonderful presentations on topics like Chinese festivals, folk arts and traditional handicrafts. They shared vivid stories and fascinating facts, bringing the charm of Chinese culture to life. Many students said they not only bettered language skills, but also felt a stronger sense of pride in their cultural heritage. It was a great success, and we are looking forward to more such activities in the future. 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求作为俱乐部成员的考生写一篇关于校英语俱乐部上周五举办的“用英语讲中国传统文化”的活动的新闻稿并投稿至校英语报。 【详解】 1.词汇积累 目的：aim → purpose/goal/objective 提高：enhance → raise/boost/improve 极好的：wonderful → excellent/great/fantastic 自豪：pride → selfrespect/pretension 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：They shared vivid stories and fascinating facts, bringing the charm of Chinese culture to life. 拓展句：They shared vivid stories and fascinating facts, which brought the charm of Chinese culture to life. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】Last Friday, the English Club organized an event themed “Introducing Traditional Chinese Culture in English”, whose aim was to boost students’ oral English and enhance their understanding of Chinese culture. (运用了过去分词作后置定语和whose引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】They shared vivid stories and fascinating facts, bringing the charm of Chinese culture to life.(运用了现在分词作结果状语) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $