专题07 非谓语动词（二）（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，江苏专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题07 非谓语动词(二)(定语、状语、宾语补足语) ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 非谓语动词作定语 不定式 (1)表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。 (2)常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 (3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。 (4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。 动名词 动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。 a walking stick拐杖；a reading room阅览室；a sleeping car卧铺车 现在/过去分词 (1)及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。 (2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。 falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)；fallen leaves落叶(表完成) 考点二 非谓语动词作状语 不定式 (1)作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。 To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens start to use smart phones. 为了享受数字支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。 (2)作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to(不料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。 You’re old enough to travel on the train by yourself. 你已经长大了，可以自己坐火车旅行了。 (3)作原因状语 形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。常用于这类结构的形容词和过去分词有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。 He was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in perfect order. 他惊奇地发现他的房间打扫得很干净，一切都摆放得井井有条。 注意还有一类形容词如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The materials are soft and comfortable to wear. 材料柔软，穿着舒适。 现在/过去分词 (1)作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。 We hear of women who run away, leaving behind their homes and families. 我们听说有妇女离家出走，离开了她们的家和家人。 (2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。 (3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。 (4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。 (5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。 (6)作让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。 【温馨提示】 1.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。 He hid his face in his hands again, lost in his own thoughts. 他又用双手捂住脸，陷入了沉思。 2. 独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有： 独立成分 含义 generally speaking 一般来说 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说 judging from/by... 根据……来判断 considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing... 考虑到…… given... 考虑到…… compared to/with... 与……相比 3. 名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式 ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在； ②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系； ③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 Every morning the old man walks in the park, his pet dog following him along(=and his pet dog follows him along). 每天早晨老人在公园散步，他的宠物狗跟着他。 She stood there, her eyes looking upward into the sky and her hands crossed on her breast. 她站在那里，两眼仰望天空，双手交叉放在胸前。 考点三 非谓语动词做宾语补足语 1. 后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词及动词短语 (1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议　allow 允许　ask 询问；要求　beg恳求　cause 导致　encourage 鼓励　permit准许　forbid 禁止　force 强迫　intend打算　invite 邀请　order 命令；要求　persuade说服　prefer 更喜欢　require 需要；要求　teach教　remind 提醒　tell 告诉　want想要　warn 警告　wish 希望；想要　wait for等待　call on 号召；要求　depend on 依靠　urge 催促；力劝 The police examined the cars and allowed them to go ahead. 警察检查了这些汽车，允许它们上路。 (2)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是： sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth 2. 非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补 (1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例： see＋宾语＋ [注意]“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 (2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况： ①make＋宾语＋ ②let＋宾语＋ ③have＋宾语＋ 注意(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。 (2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 ④get＋宾语＋ 3. 动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 (1)leave (2)keep (3)find ⇒ (4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事 4. “with＋宾语＋宾补”结构 (1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行 (2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态 (3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生 考点一：非谓语作定语 例1. That is the only way we can imagine ________ the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. A. to reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduce 例2. Look! The girl ________ on the stage is my cousin, Lily. A. singing B. sung C. sing D. sings 例3. With ________ leaves ________ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried 1. Most of the people ________ to the party tomorrow are famous scientists. A. inviting B. invited C. invite D. to be invited 2. ________ from the foot of the mountain, the temple__________back to the Ming Dynasty is truly impressive. A. Seeing; dated B. Seen; dating C. Seeing; dating D. Seen; dated 3. Last night, there were millions of people ________ the opening ceremony live on TV. A. watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching 4. The goods ________ on the Internet are cheaper than ________ we buy in shops. A. being bought; that B. bought; those C. bought; that D. be bought; those 5. The essay, ________ by three senior teachers, was finally accepted for publication in the national education journal. A. reviewing B. reviewed C. to review D. being reviewing 考点二：非谓语动词作状语 例1. It is amazing that some old and outdated teaching and learning facilities in our classroom have been updated ________ us study more effectively and efficiently. A. making B. made C. having made D. to make 例2. ________ me into the exhibition hall, he showed an obvious preference for ________ was exhibited there. A. Followed; what B. Following; what C. To follow; that D. To be followed; that 例3. Born and ________ in a poor family, he has always ________ confidence and is afraid of doing anything wrong to let his parents ________. A. risen... lacked of... down B. rose... been lacking in... out C. bred... lacked... down D. raised... lacked... out 1. Kathy reached the company out of breath only ________ that the meeting had been put off. A. told B. to be told C. being told D. having told 2. I'd like to recommend the movie Nobody, which tells a tale of survival, dignity, courage and life, ________ a strong chord with the audience nationwide. A. strike B. striking C. to strike D. struck 3. ________ people around him ________ to find a satisfactory job, he felt hopeless and decided to quit from the job market. A. Seeing, to fail B. Seen, failing C. To see, failed D. Seeing, fail 4. Some psychologists suggest that when ________ with a difficult task, one could improve his performance when mentally imagining himself ________ well. A. facing; performing B. faced; performing C. faced; to perform D. facing; having performed 5. ________ by the complexity of the problem, the engineer decided to consult her colleagues. A. Puzzling B. Puzzled C. Having puzzled D. Being puzzled 考点三：非谓语动词作宾语补足语 例1. ________, he can’t go out for a walk as usual. A. With so much work to do B. With so much work doing C. With so much work done D. Without so much work to do 例2. When ________, you’d better make yourself ________ as much as possible. A. talking, understand B. saying, understood C. telling, understand D. speaking, understood 例3. With the research ________, I felt that I had enough knowledge to start my report. A. done B. doing C. to be done D. having done 1. He is often listened to ________ English songs, but this time we had him ________ a Russian song. A. to sing, sing B. to sing, to sing C. sing, to sing D. sing, sing 2. After the country won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys ________ to go to school. A. to be encouraged B. having been encouraged C. encouraged D. encouraging 3. She had to walk home with her bike ________. A. stole B. stolen C. stealing D. to steal 4. With the work ________, she felt greatly relieved (放松的). A. finishing B. finished C. to finish D. finish 5. ________ with many other children, he found himself ________ with love and care all the way. It is no wonder that he grew to be a loving kid. A. Compared; surrounded B. Compared; surrounding C. Comparing; surrounding D. Comparing; surrounded 一、单项选择 1. I’m convinced that adults are as glad as the children are ________ the good news. A. to hear B. hearing C. heard D. hear 2. ________ the final draft of her research paper, Emily submitted it to the science competition before the deadline. A. Writing B. Having written C. Written D. Being written 3. The ship, ________ by a huge piece of iceberg, came to a sudden stop. A. hitting B. hit C. hitted D. to hit 4. The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so the defendant left the room really ________. A. to be worried B. being worried C. having been worried D. worried 5. People can unlock the ________ bikes, ________ are equipped with GPS and can be left anywhere in public, by simply using their smartphones. A. shared; of which B. shared; which C. sharing; of which D. sharing; which 6. — Can those ________ at the back of the classroom hear me? — No. Only the ones ________ in the front rows can. A. seating; sitting B. seated; are sitting C. are seated; sitting D. seated; sitting 7. In 1930s Austria, a lady ________ Maria became the tutor to seven children. A. call B. called C. calls D. calling 8. He lay in bed, with his eyes ________(fix) on the roof. A. fixing B. fixed C. Having fixed D. fix 9. ________ people around him ________ to find a satisfactory job, he felt hopeless and decided to quit from the job market. A. Seeing, to fail B. Seen, failing C. To see, failed D. Seeing, fail 10. He was found ________ on a bench with a ________ look, most probably concerned about the coming test. A. seated; worrying B. sit; worried C. sitting; worrying D. seated; worried 二、单句语法填空 1. ________ off all his debts in time, he had to do several jobs every day. 2. Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only ________(find) my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. 3. I was excited ________(meet) my friend at the top of the Mount Huang. 4. If you assume his guess ________(be) true, what do you plan to do next? 5. There will be many tasks for them ________(complete) next month. 6. ________(warn) signs have been put up around the construction site. 7. Once the sun dries the tea, they need to pick out any discoloration(变色). This ________(sort) process usually takes months to finish. 8. With the sun ________(rise), the top of Mount Tai is bathed in brilliant sunshine. 9. The climate of Changchun in April and May is mild, ________(mean) it is always a good time to visit. 10. —Hurry up! Don’t have the car ________(wait) at the gate. —I’ll be ready after I have my suitcase ________(pack). 11. Zhan Tianyou, now ________(know) as the Father of China’s Railroad, served his country for 31 years, improving life for millions of people. 一、阅读理解 A Welcome to our school’s library website. Here you can find all the information you need about our services. Opening Hours: Monday — Friday: 8:00 a.m. — 8:00 p.m. Saturday: 9:00 a.m. — 5:00 p.m. Sunday: Closed Borrowing Rules: •Students can borrow up to 5 books at a time. •Loan period for books is 3 weeks. •You can renew books online twice if no one else has reserved them. •Late returns will result in a fine of 0.5 yuan per book per day. Online Resources: Our website provides access to several online databases and e-books. You will need your student ID and password to use these resources. Contact Us: Phone: 023-12345678 Email: library@school.com 1. When is the library open on weekdays? A. From 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. B. From 9:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. C. From 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. D. From 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. 2. How many books can a student borrow at most? A. 3. B. 5. C. 7. D. 10. 3. What should a student do if he wants to keep a book longer? A. Go to the library in person. B. Pay a fine in advance. C. Renew it online. D. Write an application. 4. How can students access the online e-books? A. By using the public computer in the library. B. By registering with their email address. C. By using their student ID and password. D. By asking the librarian for help. B When I shopped for a new car seven years ago, my focus was on style, size, and color. This time, I found I had to learn such new terms as range anxiety and one pedal driving because, for the first time, I was in the market for an electric vehicle(EV). When I asked the dealer how long the battery could last, he assured me that range anxiety was not a big problem now. “More than 50 EV models today go more than 500km per charge, with some topping 800. Plus, the number of public charging stations has doubled in the past five years. 64 percent of Americans live within two miles of one,” he explained. The dealer added that EVs also used their energy much more efficiently than gas cars, with some 90 percent of their power moving the car, compared to 25 percent for conventional vehicles. “The loss of energy in the form of heat is why you could fry eggs on the engine!” he said. “In addition, gas cars also have many more parts, making upkeep and repairs about 40 percent more costly per mile driven. With no oil to change, EVs also require little routine maintenance.” There was still a lot to learn. But when I got behind the wheel, I thought the dealer should have marketed drivability to me first. I was glad to find that I could put my foot on the brake(制动器) less frequently. Depending on the setting selected, the car could often be stopped without touching the brake. I was especially pleased that the ride was amazingly smooth and that the car could go from zero to 100km/h astonishingly fast! “That smooth ride is partially due to the battery on the bottom that allows the car to better hug the road,” the dealer explained. “And since the battery provides immediate power to the car, EVs speed up much faster.” 5. What was the dealer doing in paragraph 2? A. Explaining a new term to readers. B. Trying to reduce the author’s range anxiety. C. Introducing EV models to the author. D. Showing the latest developments in the US. 6. Why are gas cars less efficient than EVs? A. They run too fast, B. They have more functions. C. They are very heavy. D. They produce a lot of heat. 7. What did the author like most about EVs? A. The comfort and ease of use. B. Their environmental impact. C. The low costs of maintenance. D. Their much simpler structures. 8. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To persuade readers to buy EVs. B. To stress EVs’ advantages. C. To share his shopping experience. D. To compare two types of cars. C Every year, the Nobel Prize is given to the greatest minds in the world. Their work helps all people and makes the world a better place. This year, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was given to three great scientists. Their long-term research has given the world a new way to fight diseases. They are Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell from America, and Shimon Sakaguchi from Japan. They find a special kind of cell(细胞). These cells are like the “police” in our body. They help the system know “us” and stop it from fighting us. This is very important. Without these “police” cells, our body may get ill. A long time ago, people think this system only works in one place in our body. But Shimon Sakaguchi does not think so. In 1995, he finds these “police” cells. He calls them regulatory T cells. At first, many people do not believe him. Then, in 2001, Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell find a key gene(基因). They call it Foxp3. They find that if this gene is not good, people can get very ill. Two years later, Shimon Sakaguchi shows that this Foxp3 gene is very important for the “police” cells to work well. The work of these three scientists helps many sick people. Now, doctors are thinking of new ways to help people with some long-time illnesses. They can use these “police” cells to make the body’s system better. This can also help people after an organ transplant(器官移植). Their finding is a big change in how we see our body. 9. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To introduce the topic of the Nobel Prize and this year’s winners. B. To explain how the three scientists did their research. C. To tell the readers how to win a Nobel Prize. D. To list all the winners of the Nobel Prize this year. 10. What is the main job of the “police” cells? A. To fight all the small things. B. To help the system know “us”. C. To find people who are ill. D. To make new cells for the body. 11. What did Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell find? A. The system in our body. B. A key gene called Foxp3. C. The first “police” cell. D. A new kind of small thing. 12. What is the most important message the writer wants to give to young students? A. Winning a Nobel Prize is the only sign of success. B. Teamwork is more important than having a dream. C. Great success requires a dream, hard work and working with others. D. Science is the most important subject to study. D Pride is often considered a negative force in human existence — the opposite of humility and a source of social conflicts. But is it? According to psychologist Jessica Tracy, pride can have many boons. She argues that pride, like other human emotions, is part of our evolutionary heritage, helping us to survive and thrive in cooperative societies by inspiring us to be the best human we can be. Pride makes us feel good, and it’s an indication to ourselves that we are behaving in a way consistent with the values of our society. Tracy argues that those who regularly experience pride tend to be “outgoing, friendly, agreeable, calm and honest”, and “are generally communally oriented, meaning they place a high value on their relationships and friendships”. In this way, having pride makes people want to gain approval and respect from their communities. But that doesn’t mean that pride is all for the good. It has a dark side, too, when it leads to hubris. Hubris is pride that has been falsely assumed without merit in order to drive away an inner sense of insecurity. If individuals exaggerate their importance, take credit for others’ achievements, bully others, or act aggressively toward anyone who questions them, it’s a sign that pride has turned to hubris. Moreover, people having hubris are more likely to be prejudiced and less likely to show empathy. Can authentic pride lead to hubris? It depends, says Tracy. If you feel authentic pride and it inspires you to do good by your community’s standards, great. But if you start feeling the need to live up to others’ expectations and earn their admiration by cheating, chalices are you are leaning toward hubris. To avoid pride slipping toward hubris, Tracy warns people not to lose their heads over the positive regard they receive for their accomplishments. “When we start to receive the gains — be they increased status, fame, or fortune — it becomes exceedingly easy to forget that these outcomes are indirect consequences of striving to be a good person,” says Tracy. “We should always remind ourselves that these accomplishments are not our primary goals.” 13. What does the underlined word “boons” in paragraph 1 mean? A. benefits. B. limitations. C. forms. D. controversies. 14. Why can pride help people develop good moral characters? A. Pride can encourage people to work harder. B. Pride can make people value social recognition. C. Pride can give people a sense of responsibility. D. Pride can help people better control their emotions. 15. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. To offer a solution to hubris. B. To describe specific behavior of hubris. C. To explain the motivation behind hubris. D. To stress the terrible consequences of hubris. 16. Which of the following can make authentic pride turn into hubris? A. Trying to win other people’s admiration. B. Lowering expectations for achievements. C. Failing to receive the well-deserved rewards. D. Regarding external rewards as the ultimate pursuit. 二、完形填空 A Journey to Protect Sarek’s Reindeer Last summer, I joined a volunteer team heading to Sarek National Park in Sweden — a vast land of glaciers, valleys, and ancient forests. Our 1 was clear: to track the local reindeer herd and protect their 2 from illegal hunting, which had been a crucial threat to their survival. We set off early one morning, with our guide Lars leading the way. He carried a notebook to 3 the herd’s health condition. On the third day, we 4 a small group of reindeer near a cottage. Just as we were about to record their numbers, a gunshot rang out. Lars’s face turned serious: “That’s too close. We need to 5 immediately to find the hunter.” We quickened our steps, our hearts racing. After an hour of walking, we saw a man hiding behind a bush, holding a rifle(步枪). Lars moved forward, his voice serious but calm: “Hunting is 6 in Sarek. This land and its reindeer are protected by law.” Later, the man 7 he’d heard rumors(传闻)of “easy rewards” for reindeer meat but hadn’t realized the 8 of his actions. We didn’t call the police — 9 , we asked him to join us in checking the herd’s condition, hoping to help him understand why this place was vital. That afternoon, we found a young reindeer with an injury. Lars 10 cleaned its wound, while the hunter helped carry water. “This work is 11 , isn’t it?” Lars said, smiling. The man nodded. Later, he even helped us put up new 12 signs, promising to spread the word about protecting Sarek’s wildlife. The trip had taught me that protecting nature isn’t just about laws — it’s about helping people 13 with the land in a way that respects its balance. This experience reminded me that even when things seem difficult, commitment can help us 14 difficulties — and that preserving the beauty of places like Sarek is a 15 we all share. 1. A. subject B. preference C. object D. theory 2. A. territory B. absence C. career D. property 3. A. obtain B. wander C. display D. record 4. A. spotted B. founded C. trapped D. saved 5. A. send up B. live off C. set out D. give away 6. A. prohibited B. protected C. predicted D. preferred 7. A. insisted B. admitted C. encountered D. persuaded 8. A. cause B. importance C. consequence D. boundary 9. A. therefore B. however C. also D. instead 10. A. rarely B. gently C. apparently D. gradually 11. A. secure B. hopeless C. visible D. rewarding 12. A. warning B. remarkable C. identical D. potential 13. A. play B. agree C. compete D. interact 14. A. adjust B. adopt C. overcome D. forget 15. A. theme B. responsibility C. entertainment D. prospect 三、语法填空 A Teen’s Journey to Balance Being a teenager is a mix of excitement and challenges. I was always eager to make my own decisions, but my parents seemed to be constantly ____1___ my back about my grades and future. They wanted me to focus only on studying, for they believed good academic ____2____(perform) was the only path to success. I felt ____3____(stress) yet determined to find balance. I tried talking to them, but at first they didn’t understand. Neither could I give up on my dreams, ____4____ could I pay no attention to their concerns. So I proposed a promise: I would study hard, and in return, they would allow me ____5____(volunteer) at the community center. ____6____ we all really wanted to understand each other, it wasn’t easy at first. Yet gradually we found mutual understanding. Now I manage my time better, for I’ve learned that ____7____(responsible) brings freedom. My grades have improved, ____8____ I’ve also gained valuable experience through volunteering. I’m no longer passive about my life, but ____9___(independent) designing my future with both dreams and reality in mind. And I am looking forward to ____10____(become) a better self. 四、应用文写作 假如你是中学生李华。作为高一学生代表，你将在学校举办的体育嘉年华闭幕式上致辞。内容要点如下：1. 回顾体育嘉年华 (Sports Carnival)；2. 谈谈感受；3. 表达感谢。 注意:1. 词数80左右； 2. 文章开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：Sports Carnival 体育嘉年华  marathon 马拉松 Dear teachers and fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 非谓语动词(二)(定语、状语、宾语补足语) ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 非谓语动词作定语 不定式 (1)表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。 (2)常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 (3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。 (4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。 动名词 动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。 a walking stick拐杖；a reading room阅览室；a sleeping car卧铺车 现在/过去分词 (1)及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。 (2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。 falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)；fallen leaves落叶(表完成) 考点二 非谓语动词作状语 不定式 (1)作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。 To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens start to use smart phones. 为了享受数字支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。 (2)作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to(不料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。 You’re old enough to travel on the train by yourself. 你已经长大了，可以自己坐火车旅行了。 (3)作原因状语 形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。常用于这类结构的形容词和过去分词有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。 He was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in perfect order. 他惊奇地发现他的房间打扫得很干净，一切都摆放得井井有条。 注意还有一类形容词如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The materials are soft and comfortable to wear. 材料柔软，穿着舒适。 现在/过去分词 (1)作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。 We hear of women who run away, leaving behind their homes and families. 我们听说有妇女离家出走，离开了她们的家和家人。 (2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。 (3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。 (4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。 (5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。 (6)作让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。 【温馨提示】 1.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。 He hid his face in his hands again, lost in his own thoughts. 他又用双手捂住脸，陷入了沉思。 2. 独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有： 独立成分 含义 generally speaking 一般来说 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说 judging from/by... 根据……来判断 considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing... 考虑到…… given... 考虑到…… compared to/with... 与……相比 3. 名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式 ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在； ②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系； ③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 Every morning the old man walks in the park, his pet dog following him along(=and his pet dog follows him along). 每天早晨老人在公园散步，他的宠物狗跟着他。 She stood there, her eyes looking upward into the sky and her hands crossed on her breast. 她站在那里，两眼仰望天空，双手交叉放在胸前。 考点三 非谓语动词做宾语补足语 1. 后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词及动词短语 (1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议　allow 允许　ask 询问；要求　beg恳求　cause 导致　encourage 鼓励　permit准许　forbid 禁止　force 强迫　intend打算　invite 邀请　order 命令；要求　persuade说服　prefer 更喜欢　require 需要；要求　teach教　remind 提醒　tell 告诉　want想要　warn 警告　wish 希望；想要　wait for等待　call on 号召；要求　depend on 依靠　urge 催促；力劝 The police examined the cars and allowed them to go ahead. 警察检查了这些汽车，允许它们上路。 (2)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是： sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth 2. 非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补 (1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例： see＋宾语＋ [注意]“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 (2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况： ①make＋宾语＋ ②let＋宾语＋ ③have＋宾语＋ 注意(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。 (2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 ④get＋宾语＋ 3. 动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 (1)leave (2)keep (3)find ⇒ (4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事 4. “with＋宾语＋宾补”结构 (1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行 (2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态 (3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生 考点一：非谓语作定语 例1. That is the only way we can imagine ________ the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. A. to reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduce 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是我们能想出来的减少学生洗漱用水过多的唯一的方法 。 “做某事的方法”可以说成是the way to do sth, the way of doing sth,或者the way+从句。本题中way有两个定语：一个是从句we can imagine(来修饰the way,the way 作imagine的宾语，可以用关系词that/which，也可省略。本句中就是省略)，另一个是to reduce。故选A。 例2. Look! The girl ________ on the stage is my cousin, Lily. A. singing B. sung C. sing D. sings 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：正在舞台上唱歌的那个女孩是我的表妹莉莉。分析句子结构可知，is是句子的系动词，所以空处应用非谓语动词形式，“ on the stage”在句中作后置定语。逻辑主语The girl和动词sing之间是主谓关系，且根据Look可知，这里表示动作正在进行，所以应用现在分词singing。故选A项。 例3. With ________ leaves ________ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着落叶每年被埋在地下，土壤变得越来越肥沃。空格处构成“with+名词+过去分词”的结构，fallen leaves 表示“落叶”，过去分词作定语表示完成；leaves和bury之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选B。 1. Most of the people ________ to the party tomorrow are famous scientists. A. inviting B. invited C. invite D. to be invited 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明天被邀请到聚会的人大多数是著名的科学家。句中有谓语动词are，invite用非谓语动词形式，是明天被邀请的，故用不定式的被动，表示将来被动。故选D。 2. ________ from the foot of the mountain, the temple__________back to the Ming Dynasty is truly impressive. A. Seeing; dated B. Seen; dating C. Seeing; dating D. Seen; dated 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从山脚看来，这座追溯到明朝的寺庙真的令人印象深刻。分析句子结构可知，主句主语为temple，动词see与之存在被动关系，应用过去分词seen，作方式状语；名词temple后为后置定语，date back意为“追溯”，temple与之存在主动关系，应用现在分词dating，作后置定语。故选B项。 3. Last night, there were millions of people ________ the opening ceremony live on TV. A. watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching 【答案】D 【详解】考查现在分词作定语。句意：昨晚，成千上万的人们在电视上观看了开幕式直播。分析可知，________ the opening ceremony live on TV作定语，修饰people，因people和watch之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词表主动。故选D。 4. The goods ________ on the Internet are cheaper than ________ we buy in shops. A. being bought; that B. bought; those C. bought; that D. be bought; those 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词和代词。句意：在网上买的东西比我们在商店买的东西便宜。第一空是非谓语动词做后置定语，修饰名词goods，且名词goods和动词buy二者之间是被动关系，应用过去分词bought做后置定语。第二空处比较对象与前文一致，都是goods，为了避免重复，用代词指代，that代指前面的单数名词，those代指前面的复数名词，此处商店买的商品和网上买的商品是同类异物，且the goods是复数名词，因此用those指代。故选B。 5. The essay, ________ by three senior teachers, was finally accepted for publication in the national education journal. A. reviewing B. reviewed C. to review D. being reviewing 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这篇论文由三位资深教师审阅后，最终被国家教育期刊接受发表。“________ by three senior teachers”作后置定语，review(审阅)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“The essay”之间是被动关系，且“审阅”这一动作已经完成，用过去分词表被动和完成。故选B项。 考点二：非谓语动词作状语 例1. It is amazing that some old and outdated teaching and learning facilities in our classroom have been updated ________ us study more effectively and efficiently. A. making B. made C. having made D. to make 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：令人惊讶的是，我们教室里一些旧的和过时的教学设备被更新了，使我们学习更有效、高效。分析句子可知，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故选D项。 例2. ________ me into the exhibition hall, he showed an obvious preference for ________ was exhibited there. A. Followed; what B. Following; what C. To follow; that D. To be followed; that 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词和宾语从句。句意：跟着我进入展厅后，他对那里展出的东西表现出了明显的偏爱。第一个空考查非谓语动词作状语，句子主语he与follow之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词形式following；第二个空考查宾语从句，从句中“was exhibited there”缺少主语，应用连接代词what引导从句，故选B项。 例3. Born and ________ in a poor family, he has always ________ confidence and is afraid of doing anything wrong to let his parents ________. A. risen... lacked of... down B. rose... been lacking in... out C. bred... lacked... down D. raised... lacked... out 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词词义辨析、固定搭配及非谓语动词。句意：他在一个贫困的家庭出生并被抚养长大，一直缺乏自信，还害怕做错任何事让父母失望。第一空，分析句子结构，“Born”为过去分词作状语，此处与“Born”并列，也需用过去分词形式，且表示“被抚养”的含义：A项“risen”(rise的过去分词)意为“上升”，无“抚养”义；B项“rose”(rise的过去式)是谓语动词形式，不可作状语，且含义不符；D项“raised”(raise的过去分词)虽有“抚养”义，但后续搭配存在错误，暂不考虑；C项“bred”(breed的过去分词)可表示“养育、抚养”，符合“被动抚养”的语境及语法要求。第二空，考查“缺乏”的表达：A项“lacked of”搭配错误，“lack”作动词时直接接宾语，无需“of”；B项“been lacking in”虽语法正确，但结合语境“一直缺乏”，用一般过去时“lacked”更简洁贴合；C项“lacked”为动词过去式，直接接宾语“confidence”，搭配正确；D项“lacked”本身正确，但后续“let out”搭配错误。第三空为固定短语“let sb. down”，意为“让某人失望”；“let sb. out”意为“让某人出去”，不符合语境。故选C项。 1. Kathy reached the company out of breath only ________ that the meeting had been put off. A. told B. to be told C. being told D. having told 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：凯西上气不接下气地赶到公司，却被告知会议推迟了。主句的主干成分完整，结合空前的“only”可推知，空处表示出乎意料的结果，表示“不料却，结果却”，作结果状语，且tell“告知”和Kathy逻辑上是被动关系，因此用tell的不定式被动语态to be told。故选B。 2. I'd like to recommend the movie Nobody, which tells a tale of survival, dignity, courage and life, ________ a strong chord with the audience nationwide. A. strike B. striking C. to strike D. struck 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我想推荐电影《Nobody》，它讲述了一个关于生存、尊严、勇气和生命的故事，引起了全国观众的强烈共鸣。在which引导的非限制性定语从句中，tells是谓语动词，strike在句中作结果状语应使用现在分词形式。故选B项。 3. ________ people around him ________ to find a satisfactory job, he felt hopeless and decided to quit from the job market. A. Seeing, to fail B. Seen, failing C. To see, failed D. Seeing, fail 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到周围的人都找不到满意的工作，他感到绝望，决定退出就业市场。第一空为非谓语动词作状语，与逻辑主语he是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式Seeing，排除B项(过去分词表被动)和C项(不定式表目的或将来)；第二空为“see sb. do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“看到某人做某事，强调动作的全过程或经常发生”，此处“周围的人找不到工作”是他看到的完整情况，应用动词原形fail，排除A项。故选D项。 4. Some psychologists suggest that when ________ with a difficult task, one could improve his performance when mentally imagining himself ________ well. A. facing; performing B. faced; performing C. faced; to perform D. facing; having performed 【答案】B 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略、非谓语动词。句意：一些心理学家建议，当面对一项困难的任务时，一个人如果在心理上想象自己表现良好，就能提高自己的表现。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。故“when ________ with a difficult task”为时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为when one is_______(face) with a difficult task，be faced with“面对”为固定短语，第一空用过去分词faced。imagine sb doing sth为固定短语，意为“想象某人做某事”，第二空应用perform“表现”的现在分词performing，作宾补。故选B。 5. ________ by the complexity of the problem, the engineer decided to consult her colleagues. A. Puzzling B. Puzzled C. Having puzzled D. Being puzzled 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被问题的复杂性所困惑，这位工程师决定咨询她的同事们。本句谓语为decided，此处为非谓语动词，作状语，主语the engineer与puzzle“使困惑”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式puzzled作状语，句首单词，首字母大写。故选B。 考点三：非谓语动词作宾语补足语 例1. ________, he can’t go out for a walk as usual. A. With so much work to do B. With so much work doing C. With so much work done D. Without so much work to do 【答案】A 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：有这么多工作要做，所以他不能像平时一样出去散步。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，在句中作状语，do的动作表示将来，应用动词不定式作宾补，故选A。 例2. When ________, you’d better make yourself ________ as much as possible. A. talking, understand B. saying, understood C. telling, understand D. speaking, understood 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词词义辨析、非谓语动词。句意：当(你)说话时，你最好尽可能让别人理解你。talk“谈话”通常指双方之间的交谈；say“说”强调说话的内容；tell“告诉”；speak“说”强调说的动作，不强调所说的内容，常与某种语言连用。第一空处表示“说话”的动作，故用speak合适。make oneself done表示“使自己被……”，其中yourself与understand“理解”为被动关系，用过去分词understood，作宾语补足语。故选D。 例3. With the research ________, I felt that I had enough knowledge to start my report. A. done B. doing C. to be done D. having done 【答案】A 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：在研究完成后，我觉得自己有足够的知识开始写报告。此处为with复合结构，且the research与do“做”为被动关系，且动作已经完成，应用过去分词，作宾补。故选A。 1. He is often listened to ________ English songs, but this time we had him ________ a Russian song. A. to sing, sing B. to sing, to sing C. sing, to sing D. sing, sing 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们经常听他唱英语歌，但这次我们让他唱了一首俄语歌。空1处listen to 用于被动，后面的不定式作主语补足语时，不定式符号不能省略；空2处have sb do sth，用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。 2. After the country won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys ________ to go to school. A. to be encouraged B. having been encouraged C. encouraged D. encouraging 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家赢得独立后，非常重视扩大教育，鼓励女孩和男孩上学。结合句中“with girls as well as boys”可知句子使用with的复合结构，girls as well as boys与encourage之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式作宾语补足语，故选C。 3. She had to walk home with her bike ________. A. stole B. stolen C. stealing D. to steal 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的自行车被偷了，她不得不步行回家。根据句中已有谓语动词“had to walk”可知，空处应用非谓语形式，根据空前“with her bike”可知，空处应与其构成with复合结构，在此结构中宾语her bike和空处宾补steal“偷”构成被动关系，应用steal的过去分词形式stolen。故选B。 4. With the work ________, she felt greatly relieved (放松的). A. finishing B. finished C. to finish D. finish 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：工作完成后，她感到非常放松。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，动词finish和宾语work之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补，故选B。 5. ________ with many other children, he found himself ________ with love and care all the way. It is no wonder that he grew to be a loving kid. A. Compared; surrounded B. Compared; surrounding C. Comparing; surrounding D. Comparing; surrounded 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与其他孩子相比，他发现他一路上由爱和关心所包围。难怪他长成了一个可爱的孩子。根据所给句子结构分析可知，第一个空为非谓语动词作状语，因compare“比较”与主语he为被动关系，因此需要使用过去分词形式compared；第二个空为非谓语作宾补，因himself与surround“包围”为被动关系，因此需要使用过去分词形式surrounded。故选A。 一、单项选择 1. I’m convinced that adults are as glad as the children are ________ the good news. A. to hear B. hearing C. heard D. hear 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我相信大人听到这个好消息和孩子们一样高兴。that引导宾语从句，be+glad.+to do意思为“因某事高兴”，空处用不定式作状语。故选A。 2. ________ the final draft of her research paper, Emily submitted it to the science competition before the deadline. A. Writing B. Having written C. Written D. Being written 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：写完研究论文的终稿后，艾米丽在截止日期前将其提交给了科学竞赛。句中已有谓语动词“submitted”，且无连词，故空格处为非谓语动词作状语；write与逻辑主语Emily是主动关系，且“写完论文”发生在“提交”之前，即动作先于谓语动词发生，应用现在分词的完成式“having written”。故选B项。 3. The ship, ________ by a huge piece of iceberg, came to a sudden stop. A. hitting B. hit C. hitted D. to hit 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被一块巨大的冰山撞击，这艘船突然停了下来。句子已经存在谓语came，且句中无连词，所以hit应为非谓语的形式，它和逻辑主语ship之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语，hit的过去分词是hit，故选B项。 4. The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so the defendant left the room really ________. A. to be worried B. being worried C. having been worried D. worried 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：法官们没有透露他们的想法，所以被告真的非常担心地离开了房间。so后句子谓语为left，此处为非谓语动词，描述被告离开房间时的状态，应用形容词化的过去分词形式worried“担心的”，作状语。故选D。 5. People can unlock the ________ bikes, ________ are equipped with GPS and can be left anywhere in public, by simply using their smartphones. A. shared; of which B. shared; which C. sharing; of which D. sharing; which 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：人们只需使用智能手机，就可以解锁配备GPS的共享单车，将其停放在公共场所的任何地方。第一空作修饰bikes的定语，share“共有”和bikes逻辑上是被动关系，因此用其过去分词形式，shared bikes意为“共享单车”；第二空引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词bikes作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故选B。 6. — Can those ________ at the back of the classroom hear me? — No. Only the ones ________ in the front rows can. A. seating; sitting B. seated; are sitting C. are seated; sitting D. seated; sitting 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——那些坐在教室后排的人能听到我说话吗？——不能。只有坐在前排的人能听到。第一空：seat“使就坐”，常用“be seated”表示“座”，此处作后置定语，修饰those，省略be，用过去分词seated，作定语。第二空，作后置定语，修饰the ones，the ones与sit“坐”之间是主动关系，用现在分词sitting，作后置定语。故选D。 7. In 1930s Austria, a lady ________ Maria became the tutor to seven children. A. call B. called C. calls D. calling 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在20世纪30年代的奥地利，一位名叫玛丽亚的女士成了七个孩子的家庭教师。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词became，且无其他连词，所以动词call应用非谓语动词形式，因其与被修饰的名词lady之间是被动关系，即“女士被叫做玛丽亚”，因此应用过去分词作后置定语。故选B项。 8. He lay in bed, with his eyes ________(fix) on the roof. A. fixing B. fixed C. Having fixed D. fix 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他躺在床上，眼睛盯着房顶。fix one’s eyes on“集中目光于”。逗号后为with复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，eyes与fix之间为被动关系，故用过去分词，作宾补。故选B。 9. ________ people around him ________ to find a satisfactory job, he felt hopeless and decided to quit from the job market. A. Seeing, to fail B. Seen, failing C. To see, failed D. Seeing, fail 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到周围的人都找不到满意的工作，他感到绝望，决定退出就业市场。第一空为非谓语动词作状语，与逻辑主语he是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式Seeing，排除B项(过去分词表被动)和C项(不定式表目的或将来)；第二空为“see sb. do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“看到某人做某事，强调动作的全过程或经常发生”，此处“周围的人找不到工作”是他看到的完整情况，应用动词原形fail，排除A项。故选D项。 10. He was found ________ on a bench with a ________ look, most probably concerned about the coming test. A. seated; worrying B. sit; worried C. sitting; worrying D. seated; worried 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他被发现坐在长凳上，神情焦虑，很可能是担心即将到来的考试。find +宾语+宾补，seat使……就坐，及物动词，与宾语He之间是被动关系，用过去分词 seated 作宾语补足语；第二空look(表情)，是名词，前面用形容词修饰。一般情况下用ing形式形容词修饰物或事，但如果名词是voice, look, expression等名词时，用动词的过去分词修饰。故选D。 二、单句语法填空 1. ________ off all his debts in time, he had to do several jobs every day. 【答案】To pay 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：为了及时还清所有的债务，他不得不每天做几份工作。由“he had to do several jobs every day”可知，句子表示“为了及时还清所有的债务，他不得不每天做几份工作”，动词不定式作目的状语，因此空格处是to pay。故填To pay。 2. Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only ________(find) my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：自豪地读着我的话，我环顾了一下教室，却发现我的同学们脸上挂着灿烂的笑容，都笑出了眼泪。根据上文“Proudly reading my words”可推知，“我”还在为自己行为感到自豪，但同学们却在大笑，“my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes”是出乎意料的结果，常用“(only) + to do”作结果状语。故填to find。 3. I was excited ________(meet) my friend at the top of the Mount Huang. 【答案】to meet 【详解】考查动词不定式作原因状语。句意：我很兴奋能在黄山顶上见到我的朋友。此处是动词不定式做原因状语。故填to meet。 4. If you assume his guess ________(be) true, what do you plan to do next? 【答案】to be 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你假设他的猜测是真的，你下一步打算做什么?assume something to be表示“假设某物是”，用动词不定式作宾补。故填to be。 5. There will be many tasks for them ________(complete) next month. 【答案】to complete 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：下个月他们将有许多任务要完成。空处修饰tasks，表示将要做的事情，complete与tasks构成动宾关系，此处用不定式作后置定语。故填to complete。 6. ________(warn) signs have been put up around the construction site. 【答案】Warning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：施工现场周围已张贴警告标志。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，空处说明被修饰词signs的用途，应用动名词形式warning作定语，warning signs表示“警告标志”，warning置于句首，首字母大写。故填Warning。 7. Once the sun dries the tea, they need to pick out any discoloration(变色). This ________(sort) process usually takes months to finish. 【答案】sorting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦太阳晒干了茶叶，他们需要挑出任何变色的部分。这个分类过程通常需要几个月才能完成。空处修饰名词process，作定语；sort为动词，表示“拣选，把……分类”，应用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语process之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填sorting。 8. With the sun ________(rise), the top of Mount Tai is bathed in brilliant sunshine. 【答案】rising 【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：随着太阳升起，泰山之巅沐浴在灿烂的阳光中。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构，宾语“the sun”(太阳)与 “rise”(升起)之间是主动关系，且“rise”这一动作正在进行，需用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填rising。 9. The climate of Changchun in April and May is mild, ________(mean) it is always a good time to visit. 【答案】meaning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：长春四五月份的气候很温和，这意味着一直是游览的好时机。空处为非谓语动词，“mean”与前面整个句子构成主动关系，所以用现在分词“meaning”作状语。故填meaning。 10. —Hurry up! Don’t have the car ________(wait) at the gate. —I’ll be ready after I have my suitcase ________(pack). 【答案】waiting; packed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——快点！不要让车在门口一直等着。——我把行李收拾好后就准备好了。此处考查“have+宾语+宾补”结构，第一空wait和car之间是主动关系，强调动作的持续，使用现在分词作宾补；第二空pack和suitcase之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作状语。故填①waiting②packed。 11. Zhan Tianyou, now ________(know) as the Father of China’s Railroad, served his country for 31 years, improving life for millions of people. 【答案】known 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：詹天佑，现在被称为中国铁路之父，为他的国家服务了31年，改善了数百万人的生活。be known as以……著称；众所周知的……，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填known。 一、阅读理解 A Welcome to our school’s library website. Here you can find all the information you need about our services. Opening Hours: Monday — Friday: 8:00 a.m. — 8:00 p.m. Saturday: 9:00 a.m. — 5:00 p.m. Sunday: Closed Borrowing Rules: •Students can borrow up to 5 books at a time. •Loan period for books is 3 weeks. •You can renew books online twice if no one else has reserved them. •Late returns will result in a fine of 0.5 yuan per book per day. Online Resources: Our website provides access to several online databases and e-books. You will need your student ID and password to use these resources. Contact Us: Phone: 023-12345678 Email: library@school.com 1. When is the library open on weekdays? A. From 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. B. From 9:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. C. From 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. D. From 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. 2. How many books can a student borrow at most? A. 3. B. 5. C. 7. D. 10. 3. What should a student do if he wants to keep a book longer? A. Go to the library in person. B. Pay a fine in advance. C. Renew it online. D. Write an application. 4. How can students access the online e-books? A. By using the public computer in the library. B. By registering with their email address. C. By using their student ID and password. D. By asking the librarian for help. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 【语篇导读】这是一篇应用文。文章是学校图书馆网站介绍，含周一至五8点到20点、周六9点到17点开放，学生可借 5 本书等借阅规则，还提及线上资源及联系方式。 1. 细节理解题。根据Opening Hours部分“Monday — Friday: 8:00 a.m. — 8:00 p.m.(周一至周五：上午8点到晚上8点)”可知，工作日图书馆的开放时间是上午8点到晚上8点。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据Borrowing Rules部分“Students can borrow up to 5 books at a time.(学生每次最多可以借阅5本书)”可知，学生最多能借5本书。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据Borrowing Rules部分“•You can renew books online twice if no one else has reserved them.( • 如果没有其他人预订这些书籍，您可以在网上将它们续借两次)”可知，如果学生想将一本书借阅更久一些，他应该在线续借。故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据Online Resources部分“Our website provides access to several online databases and e-books. You will need your student ID and password to use these resources.(我们的网站提供了多个在线数据库和电子书的访问权限。要使用这些资源，您需要提供您的学生证号码和密码)”可知，学生通过使用他们的学生证号和密码获取在线电子书。故选C。 B When I shopped for a new car seven years ago, my focus was on style, size, and color. This time, I found I had to learn such new terms as range anxiety and one pedal driving because, for the first time, I was in the market for an electric vehicle(EV). When I asked the dealer how long the battery could last, he assured me that range anxiety was not a big problem now. “More than 50 EV models today go more than 500km per charge, with some topping 800. Plus, the number of public charging stations has doubled in the past five years. 64 percent of Americans live within two miles of one,” he explained. The dealer added that EVs also used their energy much more efficiently than gas cars, with some 90 percent of their power moving the car, compared to 25 percent for conventional vehicles. “The loss of energy in the form of heat is why you could fry eggs on the engine!” he said. “In addition, gas cars also have many more parts, making upkeep and repairs about 40 percent more costly per mile driven. With no oil to change, EVs also require little routine maintenance.” There was still a lot to learn. But when I got behind the wheel, I thought the dealer should have marketed drivability to me first. I was glad to find that I could put my foot on the brake(制动器) less frequently. Depending on the setting selected, the car could often be stopped without touching the brake. I was especially pleased that the ride was amazingly smooth and that the car could go from zero to 100km/h astonishingly fast! “That smooth ride is partially due to the battery on the bottom that allows the car to better hug the road,” the dealer explained. “And since the battery provides immediate power to the car, EVs speed up much faster.” 5. What was the dealer doing in paragraph 2? A. Explaining a new term to readers. B. Trying to reduce the author’s range anxiety. C. Introducing EV models to the author. D. Showing the latest developments in the US. 6. Why are gas cars less efficient than EVs? A. They run too fast, B. They have more functions. C. They are very heavy. D. They produce a lot of heat. 7. What did the author like most about EVs? A. The comfort and ease of use. B. Their environmental impact. C. The low costs of maintenance. D. Their much simpler structures. 8. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To persuade readers to buy EVs. B. To stress EVs’ advantages. C. To share his shopping experience. D. To compare two types of cars. 【答案】5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中分享了他第一次购买电动汽车的经历。 5. 细节理解题。根据第二段“When I asked the dealer how long the battery could last, he assured me that range anxiety was not a big problem now.(当我询问经销商电池的续航时间时，他向我保证，现在续航焦虑已经不那么严重了)”可知，经销商试图缓解作者的焦虑情绪。故选B。 6. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The loss of energy in the form of heat is why you could fry eggs on the engine!(这种以热能形式散失的能量，就是为什么能在发动机上煎鸡蛋的原因！)”可知，传统汽车能效低的原因是大部分能量都转化成了热能。故选D。 7. 推理判断题。根据第四段“But when I got behind the wheel, I thought the dealer should have marketed drivability to me first. I was glad to find that I could put my foot on the brake (制动器) less frequently. Depending on the setting selected, the car could often be stopped without touching the brake. I was especially pleased that the ride was amazingly smooth and that the car could go from zero to 100km/h astonishingly fast!(但当我坐进驾驶座时，我觉得经销商本应该先向我介绍车辆的驾驶性能。我很高兴发现我几乎不用频繁踩刹车了。根据所选的设置，车辆通常无需踩刹车就能停住。我尤其感到惊喜的是，行驶起来异常平稳，而且车辆从零加速到100公里/小时的速度变化惊人地快！)”可知，最能打动作者的是电动汽车的舒适性和驾驶简单。故选A。 8. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“This time, I found I had to learn such new terms as range anxiety and one pedal driving because, for the first time, I was in the market for an electric vehicle(EV).(这一次，我发现自己得去学习一些新的术语，比如“续航焦虑”和“单踏板驾驶”了，因为这是我第一次考虑购买电动汽车(EV))”可知，作者写本文的目的是分享他购买电动汽车的经历。故选C。 C Every year, the Nobel Prize is given to the greatest minds in the world. Their work helps all people and makes the world a better place. This year, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was given to three great scientists. Their long-term research has given the world a new way to fight diseases. They are Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell from America, and Shimon Sakaguchi from Japan. They find a special kind of cell(细胞). These cells are like the “police” in our body. They help the system know “us” and stop it from fighting us. This is very important. Without these “police” cells, our body may get ill. A long time ago, people think this system only works in one place in our body. But Shimon Sakaguchi does not think so. In 1995, he finds these “police” cells. He calls them regulatory T cells. At first, many people do not believe him. Then, in 2001, Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell find a key gene(基因). They call it Foxp3. They find that if this gene is not good, people can get very ill. Two years later, Shimon Sakaguchi shows that this Foxp3 gene is very important for the “police” cells to work well. The work of these three scientists helps many sick people. Now, doctors are thinking of new ways to help people with some long-time illnesses. They can use these “police” cells to make the body’s system better. This can also help people after an organ transplant(器官移植). Their finding is a big change in how we see our body. 9. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To introduce the topic of the Nobel Prize and this year’s winners. B. To explain how the three scientists did their research. C. To tell the readers how to win a Nobel Prize. D. To list all the winners of the Nobel Prize this year. 10. What is the main job of the “police” cells? A. To fight all the small things. B. To help the system know “us”. C. To find people who are ill. D. To make new cells for the body. 11. What did Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell find? A. The system in our body. B. A key gene called Foxp3. C. The first “police” cell. D. A new kind of small thing. 12. What is the most important message the writer wants to give to young students? A. Winning a Nobel Prize is the only sign of success. B. Teamwork is more important than having a dream. C. Great success requires a dream, hard work and working with others. D. Science is the most important subject to study. 【答案】9. A 10. B 11. B 12. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了今年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的三位获奖者(两位美国科学家、一位日本科学家)的核心研究成果，以及该成果的科学意义与实际应用价值。 9. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Every year, the Nobel Prize is given to the greatest minds in the world. Their work helps all people and makes the world a better place. This year, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was given to three great scientists. Their long-term research has given the world a new way to fight diseases.(每年，诺贝尔奖都会颁发给世界上最具才华的人士。他们的研究成果造福了所有人，也让世界变得更加美好。今年，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了三位杰出的科学家。他们长期的研究为人类战胜疾病提供了新的方法)”可知，第一段首句介绍了诺贝尔奖的总体背景(每年颁发给对世界有贡献的杰出人才)，接着提到今年生理学或医学奖的三位得主及其研究意义；由此可知，第一段的目的是引出文章主题(诺贝尔奖)并介绍今年的获奖者。故选A。 10. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“These cells are like the “police” in our body. They help the system know “us” and stop it from fighting us. (这些细胞就像我们身体里的“警察”。它们帮助系统了解“我们”，并阻止它与我们对抗)”可知，“警察”细胞的作用是帮助免疫系统识别“自身”，并防止系统攻击自身。故选B。 11. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Then, in 2001, Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell find a key gene. They call it Foxp3. They find that if this gene is not good, people can get very ill. (随后在2001年， Mary E. Brunkow和Fred Ramsdell发现了一个名为Foxp3的关键基因。他们发现如果这个基因发生异常，人就可能罹患重病)”可知Mary E. Brunkow和Fred Ramsdell在2001年发现了一个关键基因Foxp3，并证明该基因缺陷会导致疾病。故选B。 12. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“This year, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was given to three great scientists. Their long-term research has given the world a new way to fight diseases.(今年，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了三位伟大的科学家。他们的长期研究为世界提供了一种对抗疾病的新方法)”以及第三段中“A long time ago, people think this system only works in one place in our body. But Shimon Sakaguchi does not think so. In 1995, he finds these “police” cells. He calls them regulatory T cells. At first, many people do not believe him. Then, in 2001, Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell find a key gene(基因). They call it Foxp3. They find that if this gene is not good, people can get very ill. Two years later, Shimon Sakaguchi shows that this Foxp3 gene is very important for the “police” cells to work well.(过去人们认为该机制仅作用于人体特定部位，但Shimon Sakaguchi却不这么认为。1995年，他发现了这些“警察”细胞，并将其命名为调节性T细胞。起初，很多人不相信他。随后在2001年， Mary E. Brunkow和Fred Ramsdell发现了一个名为Foxp3的关键基因。他们发现如果这个基因发生异常，人就可能罹患重病。两年后，Shimon Sakaguchi进一步论证了Foxp3基因对调节性T细胞正常功能的决定性作用)”可知，文章通过三位科学家的经历(如Sakaguchi的坚持、Brunkow和Ramsdell的发现及后续合作)，强调成功需要梦想(长期研究目标、质疑旧观点)、长期的努力(多年研究)和团队合作(科学家间的相互验证)；由此可推断，作者想给年轻学生的最重要的信息是伟大的成功需要梦想、努力工作和与他人合作。故选C。 D Pride is often considered a negative force in human existence — the opposite of humility and a source of social conflicts. But is it? According to psychologist Jessica Tracy, pride can have many boons. She argues that pride, like other human emotions, is part of our evolutionary heritage, helping us to survive and thrive in cooperative societies by inspiring us to be the best human we can be. Pride makes us feel good, and it’s an indication to ourselves that we are behaving in a way consistent with the values of our society. Tracy argues that those who regularly experience pride tend to be “outgoing, friendly, agreeable, calm and honest”, and “are generally communally oriented, meaning they place a high value on their relationships and friendships”. In this way, having pride makes people want to gain approval and respect from their communities. But that doesn’t mean that pride is all for the good. It has a dark side, too, when it leads to hubris. Hubris is pride that has been falsely assumed without merit in order to drive away an inner sense of insecurity. If individuals exaggerate their importance, take credit for others’ achievements, bully others, or act aggressively toward anyone who questions them, it’s a sign that pride has turned to hubris. Moreover, people having hubris are more likely to be prejudiced and less likely to show empathy. Can authentic pride lead to hubris? It depends, says Tracy. If you feel authentic pride and it inspires you to do good by your community’s standards, great. But if you start feeling the need to live up to others’ expectations and earn their admiration by cheating, chalices are you are leaning toward hubris. To avoid pride slipping toward hubris, Tracy warns people not to lose their heads over the positive regard they receive for their accomplishments. “When we start to receive the gains — be they increased status, fame, or fortune — it becomes exceedingly easy to forget that these outcomes are indirect consequences of striving to be a good person,” says Tracy. “We should always remind ourselves that these accomplishments are not our primary goals.” 13. What does the underlined word “boons” in paragraph 1 mean? A. benefits. B. limitations. C. forms. D. controversies. 14. Why can pride help people develop good moral characters? A. Pride can encourage people to work harder. B. Pride can make people value social recognition. C. Pride can give people a sense of responsibility. D. Pride can help people better control their emotions. 15. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. To offer a solution to hubris. B. To describe specific behavior of hubris. C. To explain the motivation behind hubris. D. To stress the terrible consequences of hubris. 16. Which of the following can make authentic pride turn into hubris? A. Trying to win other people’s admiration. B. Lowering expectations for achievements. C. Failing to receive the well-deserved rewards. D. Regarding external rewards as the ultimate pursuit. 【答案】13. A 14. B 15. B 16. D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了自豪感的积极和消极影响，心理学家Jessica Tracy认为自豪感有其益处，但过度则会导致傲慢，并给出了避免自豪感滑向傲慢的建议。 13. 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“According to psychologist Jessica Tracy, pride can have many boons. She argues that pride, like other human emotions, is part of our evolutionary heritage, helping us to survive and thrive in cooperative societies by inspiring us to be the best human we can be. (心理学家Jessica Tracy认为，自豪感能带来许多boons。她认为，自豪感和其他人类情感一样，是我们进化遗产的一部分，它激励我们成为最好的人，从而帮助我们在合作社会中生存和发展。)”可知，自豪感激励我们成为最好的人，有助于我们在社会中生存和发展，由此可推知，自豪感能带来许多益处，故划线词boons意思为“益处”，与benefits同义。故选A项。 14. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Pride makes us feel good, and it’s an indication to ourselves that we are behaving in a way consistent with the values of our society. Tracy argues that those who regularly experience pride tend to be “outgoing, friendly, agreeable, calm and honest”, and “are generally communally oriented, meaning they place a high value on their relationships and friendships”. In this way, having pride makes people want to gain approval and respect from their communities. (自豪感让我们感觉良好，这是我们行为符合社会价值观的一种表现。Tracy认为，那些经常感到自豪的人往往“外向、友好、和蔼、冷静和诚实”，并且“通常以社区为导向，这意味着他们非常重视自己的关系和友谊”。这样，拥有自豪感会让人们想要获得社区的认可和尊重。)”可知，自豪感能让我们行为符合社会价值观，让我们重视关系和友谊，从而想要获得认可和尊重，即自豪感能让我们重视社会认可，从而有助于我们培养良好的道德品质。故选B项。 15. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Hubris is pride that has been falsely assumed without merit in order to drive away an inner sense of insecurity. If individuals exaggerate their importance, take credit for others’ achievements, bully others, or act aggressively toward anyone who questions them, it’s a sign that pride has turned to hubris. (傲慢是一种没有根据而被错误地假设的自豪感，目的是为了驱除内心的不安全感。如果个人夸大自己的重要性，把别人的成就归功于自己，欺负别人，或者对任何质疑他们的人采取攻击行为，这都是自豪感变成傲慢的迹象。)”可知，第三段主要描述了傲慢的具体行为表现，如夸大自己的重要性、把别人的成就归功于自己、欺负别人、对质疑者采取攻击行为等。故选B项。 16. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But if you start feeling the need to live up to others’ expectations and earn their admiration by cheating, chalices are you are leaning toward hubris. (但如果你开始觉得有必要达到别人的期望，并通过欺骗来赢得他们的赞赏，那么你很可能正在走向傲慢)”和最后一段“To avoid pride slipping toward hubris, Tracy warns people not to lose their heads over the positive regard they receive for their accomplishments. “When we start to receive the gains — be they increased status, fame, or fortune — it becomes exceedingly easy to forget that these outcomes are indirect consequences of striving to be a good person,” says Tracy. “We should always remind ourselves that these accomplishments are not our primary goals.” (为了避免自豪感滑向傲慢，Tracy警告人们不要因为对成就的积极评价而冲昏头脑。Tracy说：“当我们开始获得收益时——无论是地位的提高、名声还是财富——我们很容易忘记这些结果是努力成为一个好人的间接后果。我们应该时刻提醒自己，这些成就不是我们的主要目标”)”可知，把外部奖励当作最终追求，即为了获得别人的赞赏和外部奖励而努力，可能会导致自豪感变成傲慢。故选D项。 二、完形填空 A Journey to Protect Sarek’s Reindeer Last summer, I joined a volunteer team heading to Sarek National Park in Sweden — a vast land of glaciers, valleys, and ancient forests. Our 1 was clear: to track the local reindeer herd and protect their 2 from illegal hunting, which had been a crucial threat to their survival. We set off early one morning, with our guide Lars leading the way. He carried a notebook to 3 the herd’s health condition. On the third day, we 4 a small group of reindeer near a cottage. Just as we were about to record their numbers, a gunshot rang out. Lars’s face turned serious: “That’s too close. We need to 5 immediately to find the hunter.” We quickened our steps, our hearts racing. After an hour of walking, we saw a man hiding behind a bush, holding a rifle(步枪). Lars moved forward, his voice serious but calm: “Hunting is 6 in Sarek. This land and its reindeer are protected by law.” Later, the man 7 he’d heard rumors(传闻)of “easy rewards” for reindeer meat but hadn’t realized the 8 of his actions. We didn’t call the police — 9 , we asked him to join us in checking the herd’s condition, hoping to help him understand why this place was vital. That afternoon, we found a young reindeer with an injury. Lars 10 cleaned its wound, while the hunter helped carry water. “This work is 11 , isn’t it?” Lars said, smiling. The man nodded. Later, he even helped us put up new 12 signs, promising to spread the word about protecting Sarek’s wildlife. The trip had taught me that protecting nature isn’t just about laws — it’s about helping people 13 with the land in a way that respects its balance. This experience reminded me that even when things seem difficult, commitment can help us 14 difficulties — and that preserving the beauty of places like Sarek is a 15 we all share. 1. A. subject B. preference C. object D. theory 2. A. territory B. absence C. career D. property 3. A. obtain B. wander C. display D. record 4. A. spotted B. founded C. trapped D. saved 5. A. send up B. live off C. set out D. give away 6. A. prohibited B. protected C. predicted D. preferred 7. A. insisted B. admitted C. encountered D. persuaded 8. A. cause B. importance C. consequence D. boundary 9. A. therefore B. however C. also D. instead 10. A. rarely B. gently C. apparently D. gradually 11. A. secure B. hopeless C. visible D. rewarding 12. A. warning B. remarkable C. identical D. potential 13. A. play B. agree C. compete D. interact 14. A. adjust B. adopt C. overcome D. forget 15. A. theme B. responsibility C. entertainment D. prospect 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. B 11. D 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者加入志愿者团队前往瑞典萨雷克国家公园，追踪驯鹿群、防范非法狩猎，最终感化猎人，领悟到保护自然需兼顾法律与人文理解的故事。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的目标很明确：追踪当地的驯鹿群，保护它们的栖息地免受非法狩猎的侵害，非法狩猎已成为威胁它们生存的关键因素。A. subject科目；B. preference偏好；C. object目标；D. theory理论。根据下文 “to track the local reindeer herd and protect their 2 from illegal hunting,”可知，此处指志愿者活动的明确目标，故选C项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的目标很明确：追踪当地的驯鹿群，保护它们的栖息地免受非法狩猎的侵害，非法狩猎已成为威胁它们生存的关键因素。A. territory栖息地，领地；B. absence缺席；C. career职业；D. property财产。根据下文“illegal hunting”并结合常识可知，保护驯鹿应是保护它们的生存领地，抵御非法狩猎，故选A项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他带着一个笔记本记录鹿群的健康状况。A. obtain获得；B. wander漫步；C. display展示；D. record记录。根据下文“record their numbers”可知，此处指记录鹿群的健康状况，故选D项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第三天，我们在一间小屋附近发现了一小群驯鹿。A. spotted发现；B. founded建立；C. trapped困住；D. saved拯救。根据下文“Just as we were about to record their numbers”可知，作者一行人先发现了驯鹿，才准备记录数量，故选A项。 5. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：拉斯的脸色变得严肃起来：“离得太近了，我们得立刻出发去找那个猎人。”A. send up发射；B. live off 依靠……生活；C. set out出发；D. give away赠送。根据下文“We quickened our steps”可知，他们加快脚步去找猎人，即立刻出发，故选C项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：拉斯走上前，声音严肃但平静：“萨雷克禁止狩猎，这片土地和这里的驯鹿受法律保护。”A. prohibited禁止；B. protected保护；C. predicted预测；D. preferred偏爱。根据下文“This land and its reindeer are protected by law”可知，法律保护驯鹿，因此狩猎是被禁止的，故选A项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，这个人承认他听说过驯鹿肉能“轻松获利”的传闻，但没有意识到自己行为的后果。A. insisted坚持；B. admitted承认；C. encountered遭遇；D. persuaded说服。根据下文“ he’d heard rumors 传闻) of “easy rewards” for reindeer meat”可知，猎人被发现后，如实承认了自己的行为和想法，故选B项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，这个人承认他听说过驯鹿肉能“轻松获利”的传闻，但没有意识到自己行为的后果。A. cause原因；B. importance重要性；C. consequence后果；D. boundary边界。根据上文“he’d heard rumors (传闻) 7 of “easy rewards” for reindeer meat”和表示转折的but，以及上文提到萨雷克禁止狩猎可知，猎人只知道获利，未意识到非法狩猎会带来的不良后果，符合“未察觉法律风险”的语境，故选C项。 9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们没有报警，而是请他和我们一起检查鹿群的状况，希望帮助他理解这个地方为何至关重要。A. therefore因此；B. however然而；C. also也；D. instead反而，代替。“没有报警”和“请他加入检查鹿群”是转折替代关系，instead符合语境。故选D项。 10. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：拉斯轻轻地清洗了它的伤口，而猎人帮忙打水。A. rarely很少；B. gently轻轻地；C. apparently显然地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据常识并结合他们志愿者的身份可知，他们是爱动物的，清洗受伤驯鹿的伤口时应是轻柔地，故选B项。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拉斯笑着说：“这份工作很有意义，不是吗？”A. secure安全的；B. hopeless无望的；C. visible可见的；D. rewarding有意义的，值得的。结合语境，保护驯鹿、守护自然的工作是有意义的，且猎人点头认同，故选D项。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：后来，他甚至帮我们竖起了新的警告标志，并承诺宣传保护萨雷克的野生动物。A. warning警告性的；B. remarkable非凡的；C. identical相同的；D. potential潜在的。根据上文“Hunting is 6 in Sarek. ”可知，狩猎在萨雷克是违法的，因此为防范非法狩猎，应设立 “禁止狩猎”的警告标志，故选A项。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次旅行让我明白，保护自然不仅仅关乎法律 —— 更关乎帮助人们以尊重生态平衡的方式与土地互动。A. play玩耍；B. agree同意；C. compete竞争；D. interact互动。根据下文“ 13 with the land in a way that respects its balance.”人与土地之间应是相互作用、和谐共处的互动关系，符合“尊重生态平衡”的核心，故选D项。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这段经历提醒我，即使事情看似困难，坚定的投入也能帮助我们克服困难 —— 而保护萨雷克这样的地方的美景，是我们所有人共同的责任。A. adjust调整；B. adopt采纳；C. overcome克服；D. forget忘记。根据“commitment”和“difficulties”可知，坚定的投入能让人克服困难，故选C项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这段经历提醒我，即使事情看似困难，坚定的投入也能帮助我们克服困难 —— 而保护萨雷克这样的地方的美景，是我们所有人共同的责任。A. theme主题；B. responsibility责任；C. entertainment娱乐；D. prospect前景。根据上文“preserving the beauty of places like Sarek”可知，保护自然是每个人应尽的责任，符合文章“守护野生动物”的核心主旨，故选B项。 三、语法填空 A Teen’s Journey to Balance Being a teenager is a mix of excitement and challenges. I was always eager to make my own decisions, but my parents seemed to be constantly ____1___ my back about my grades and future. They wanted me to focus only on studying, for they believed good academic ____2____(perform) was the only path to success. I felt ____3____(stress) yet determined to find balance. I tried talking to them, but at first they didn’t understand. Neither could I give up on my dreams, ____4____ could I pay no attention to their concerns. So I proposed a promise: I would study hard, and in return, they would allow me ____5____(volunteer) at the community center. ____6____ we all really wanted to understand each other, it wasn’t easy at first. Yet gradually we found mutual understanding. Now I manage my time better, for I’ve learned that ____7____(responsible) brings freedom. My grades have improved, ____8____ I’ve also gained valuable experience through volunteering. I’m no longer passive about my life, but ____9___(independent) designing my future with both dreams and reality in mind. And I am looking forward to ____10____(become) a better self. 【答案】 1. on 2. performance 3. stressed 4. nor 5. to volunteer 6. While/Though/Although 7. responsibility 8. and 9. independently 10. becoming 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者作为一个青少年，在面对学习压力和父母期望的同时，努力寻找生活平衡，通过与父母沟通达成妥协，最终既提高了成绩又获得了宝贵志愿经验的心路历程。 1.考查固定短语。句意：我总是渴望自己做决定，但我的父母似乎一直在对我的成绩和未来唠叨。be on one’s back about sth.是固定短语，意为“总是唠叨某人关于某事”，所以空处应用介词on。故填on。 2.考查名词。句意：他们希望我只专注于学习，因为他们认为良好的学业表现是成功的唯一途径。在省略that引导的宾语从句中，空处作从句主语，应用名词performance“表现”，为不可数名词。故填performance。 3.考查形容词。句意：我感到压力很大，但又决心找到平衡。空处作表语，说明主语I的感受，应用形容词stressed，表示“感到有压力的”。故填stressed。 4.考查固定搭配。句意：我既不能放弃我的梦想，也不能忽视他们的担忧。neither...nor...是固定搭配，表示“既不……也不……”。故填nor。 5.考查固定搭配。句意：所以我提出了一个承诺：我会努力学习，作为交换，他们会允许我在社区中心做志愿者。allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“允许某人做某事”，所以空处应用不定式形式。故填to volunteer。 6.考查连词。句意：虽然我们都很想理解彼此，但一开始并不容易。空处引导让步状语从句，应用while或although或though，表示“虽然”，句首单词首字母大写。故填While /Though /Although。 7.考查名词。句意：现在我能更好地管理我的时间了，因为我已经知道责任带来自由。空处作从句的主语，应用名词responsibility，表示“责任”，为不可数名词。故填responsibility。 8.考查连词。句意：我的成绩提高了，并且我也通过志愿服务获得了宝贵的经验。结合语意可知，前后分句之间是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 9.考查副词。句意：我不再被动地对待我的生活，而是独立地设计我的未来，同时考虑梦想和现实。空处修饰动词designing，应用副词independently，表示“独立地”，作状语。故填independently。 10.考查固定搭配。句意：我期待着成为一个更好的自己。look forward to doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“期待做某事”，其中to是介词，所以空处应用动名词形式。故填becoming。 四、应用文写作 假如你是中学生李华。作为高一学生代表，你将在学校举办的体育嘉年华闭幕式上致辞。内容要点如下：1. 回顾体育嘉年华 (Sports Carnival)；2. 谈谈感受；3. 表达感谢。 注意:1. 词数80左右； 2. 文章开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：Sports Carnival 体育嘉年华  marathon 马拉松 Dear teachers and fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you！ 【答案】 Dear teachers and fellow students, It's my pleasure to stand here to make a speech on the closing ceremony of Sports Carnival held in our school. In the Sports Carnival, all the students and teachers took an active part in different kinds of sports, including running, swimming and so on. All of them enjoyed themselves in the Sports Carnival. As far as I am concerned, I think the marathon is the most exciting game, in which the competitors showed their infinite perseverance. I learned from the competitors that whenever meeting with difficulties, I should never give up. Thank you for all your efforts, without which there is no possibility that the Sports Carnival could be a success. Thank you！ 【语篇导读】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇在学校举办的体育嘉年华闭幕式上的致辞。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 快乐：pleasure → joy 毅力：perseverance → willpower 就我而言：as far as I am concerned → in my opinion 放弃：give up → surrender 2. 句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：In the Sports Carnival, all the students and teachers took an active part in different kinds of sports, including running, swimming and so on. All of them enjoyed themselves in the Sports Carnival. 拓展句：All the students and teachers who took an active part in different kinds of sports, including running, swimming and so on enjoyed themselves in the Sports Carnival. 【点睛】 [高分句型1]As far as I am concerned, I think the marathon is the most exciting game, in which the competitors showed their infinite perseverance.(运用了介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2]Thank you for all your efforts, without which there is no possibility that the Sports Carnival could be a success. (运用了介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句和that引导的同位语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $