专题05 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，江苏专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题05 动词时态、语态和主谓一致 ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 动词的时态 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般体 do/does did shall/will do should/would do 进行体 am/is/are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing 完成体 have/has done had done 完成进 行体 have/has been doing had been doing 1.一般体 (1)一般现在时 ①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或叙述现在的状态。常用的时间状语有always、usually、often、sometimes、 seldom、every day/week/month/year、now and then、 from time to time、once a week、 at times等 ②表示客观事实、真理、格言、警句或者自然现象等 ③表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为,只限于go、come、leave、start、stop、arrive等表示动作趋向性或移动意义的词 ④在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。引导此类从句的词有 when、 as、while、before、 after、 until、as soon as、the moment、 if、 unless、 once、 as long as、 on condition that等 ⑤以here、there开头的句子,动词用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态 He plays basketball every day. 他每天都打篮球。 The film starts at two o’clock. 电影两点钟开始。 The earth goes round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll probably find a solution that suits everyone. 如果你从各个方面考虑问题，你可能会找到一个适合所有人的解决方案。 Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 (2)一般过去时 ①表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常用yesterday、last year、the other day 等作时间状语 ②时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。 ③在want、wonder、think、hope等少数几个动词后可用一般过去时表示婉转口气。表达“原以为;本来认为;原希望”等意义 ④It’s time...、I wish...、I’d rather...等结构后面的that分句中以及在假设条件句中,用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反或者表示对将来事实的主观设想 We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候经常在一起玩。 He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。 Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”. 《健身》杂志最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢你的健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。 (3)一般将来时 ① “shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 ②“be going to+动词原形”表示:①现在打算或计划将来要做的事情;②根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。 ③“be to+动词原形”表示:①预先安排好的计划或约定;②说话人的意志、意图、义务、命令等;③注定要发生的事情。 ④“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 We shall be punished if we break the rule. 如果我们违反规定，我们将受到惩罚。 My daughter is going to work next year. 我女儿明年要工作了。 They are to attempt to be the first to circle the Earth non-stop by balloon. 他们将尝试成为第一个乘坐气球不间断绕地球一周的人。 Will you kindly obey the instructions I am about to give? 你愿意服从我即将给出的指示吗？ (4)过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,即过去将来时是“立足过去, 着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。 They said they would give the police their full cooperation. 【拓展】除“should/would+动词原形”外(第一人称通常用should,其他人称通常用would),过去将来时还有以下常见表达方式: was/were going to do, was/were about to do, was/were to do,但是表示过去的某种习惯性动作时,常用would do/used to do。 I had a feeling you were going to have difficulty doing this. 我有预感你做这件事会有困难。 He was about to offer an explanation to the police. 他正要向警方作解释。 2. 进行体 (1)现在进行时 ①表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 ②表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常用的这类动词有go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear等。 ③表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always, constantly, continually等副词连用)。 He is listening to a tape, but he can’t hear it clearly. 他在听磁带，但听不清楚。 He is leaving tomorrow to play his first match. 他明天就要出发参加他的第一场比赛了。 We are always finding new beauties in Shakespeare’s poetry. 我们总是在莎士比亚的诗歌中发现新的美。 (2)过去进行时 ①表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作或者表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten o’clock yesterday等短语连用。 ②过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。 ③过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。 We were playing football at this time yesterday afternoon. 我们总是在莎士比亚的诗歌中发现新的美。 Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 去年我去拜访苏珊时，她已经辞去了高薪的工作，在附近做志愿者。 She was always arguing with him and fighting with him. 她总是和他争论，和他打架。 (3)将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要从将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。 常见的标志性的时间状语有this time tomorrow, from 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m., the day after tomorrow等。 I will be discussing the situation with my colleagues this time tomorrow. 明天这个时候我将和我的同事讨论这个情况。 3. 完成体 (1)现在完成时 ①表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在(甚至到将来)。常与之连用的时间状语有：lately，recently，in the last(past) few days/years，since then，up to now，so far等。 ②表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果。常用的状语有：already，ever，just(刚刚)，yet等。 ③在“最高级+名词”或“It/This is+the+序数词+time”之后的从句中谓语动词常用现在完成时。 I won’t pay you until you have finished this job. 在你完成这项工作之前，我不会付钱给你。 This is the first time I have left my country and set foot on foreign soil. 这是我第一次离开祖国，踏上外国的土地。 【易混辨析】 have gone to 意为“去某地了”，表示此人现在还在那里没有回来。 have been to 意为“去过某地”，表示此人已经回来了。 (2)过去完成时 ①表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。 ②表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语:by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time+句子等。 ③表示“愿望,打算”的动词(如hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend)用于过去完成时,表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 ④在“hardly(scarcely)...when...” “no sooner...than...” 句型中, 主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。 He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.他说他在国外待了3 年了。 I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿) Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 4. 完成进行体 现在完成进行时 ①表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。 ②表示一个近期内一直重复发生、反复进行的动作。 ③现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)常和all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语从句连用。 I have been reading Hemingway’s Farewell to Arms recently.我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。 You’ve been saying that for five years.这话你已经说了五年了。 He has been writing articles to the newspapers since he became a teacher.自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊撰稿。 考点二 动词语态 1.被动语态的构成 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般体 is/am/are done was/were done will/shall be done would/should be done 进行体 is/am/are being done was/were being done 完成体 have/has been done had been done 2.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题 (1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。 The reporters asked the president some questions. →The president was asked some questions by the reporters. →Some questions were asked the president by the reporters. (2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。 I heard him say good-bye to his friends. →He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. (3)动词短语变被动语态时,勿掉“尾巴”。 This dictionary must be taken good care of. (4)情态动词,be going to, be to, be sure to等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。 This book may not be taken out of the reading room. (5)“get+过去分词”构成的表示被动的短语get paid/lost/hurt等。 They get paid twice as much as I do, but the job is exactly the same as mine. No matter how well you know Paris, it is easy to get lost. 3.主动形式表示被动含义 (1)表示感受、感官的系动词,如feel, sound, taste, look等,后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义,指其本身具有的属性、特征等。 (2)当sell, read, draw, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后有状语(well/easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时,用主动形式表示被动含义。 The music isn’t pleasant to listen to. This kind of radio doesn’t sell well. 考点三 主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Having to change trains is a small inconvenience. 不得不换乘火车多少有些不便。 (2)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，rather than，including，in addition to等时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请参加聚会了。 (3)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 My friend showed me around the small town，which was very attractive. 我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，它非常迷人。 (4)“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加即将在周日举办的聚会。 2. 意义一致原则 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若被看作是集体中的每个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。 The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。 The class are doing an experiment. 全班学生都在做实验。 (2)“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all，some，half，most，the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。 (3)“the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。 (4)a quantity of后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，后接可数名词时，谓语动词用复数。quantities of后无论接可数名词还是接不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。 With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 由于越来越多的森林被毁，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。 (5)“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The number of the students from the north is small. 来自北方的学生人数很少。 (6)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy. 对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。 3. 就近一致原则 就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。 (1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also). ..，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生将出席明天的会议。 (2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 考点一：动词时态 例1.(2024-2025学年天津市河东区普通高中学业水平模拟考试)The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ________ them since. A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。句意：那些报告于2012年丢失了，从那以后没有人见过它们。根据since可知，这是现在完成时的标志，表示“自从2012之后一直到现在为止都没有见过那些丢失的报告”。故选C。 【点睛】本题抓住since这一现在完成时标志即可轻松解题。另外还有一些标志，already(肯定), yet(否定，疑问), just, before, recently, still, lately ,never, ever, never, twice, on several occasion, in the past few days/weeks/months/years,(up to)these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, up to present, so far, up to now, till now, since+时间，这些常常出现在现在完成时句子中，考生可以了解归纳。 例2. — Have you ever visited the Oriental Pearl TV Tower? — Yes. When I was at university in Shanghai, I ________ it twice. A. visited B. have visited C. had visited D. would visit 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——你参观过东方明珠电视塔吗？——是的。当我在上海上大学的时候，我去过两次。根据句中was可知，句子陈述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，动词要用过去式形式。故选A。 例3. —________ your brother like playing football? — Yes. He usually ________ it with his friends on weekends. A. Is; play B. Does; play C. Is; plays D. Does; plays 【答案】D 【详解】考查一般疑问句和时态、主谓一致。句意：——你哥哥喜欢踢足球吗？——是的，他通常在周末和他的朋友们一起踢。第一句为一般疑问句，根据动词like“喜欢”和主语your brother可知，将助动词Does放在主语your brother之前。根据usually可知，第二句描述经常或习惯性动作，时态用一般现在时，主语He为第三人称单数，谓语也用play“踢，玩”的第三人称单数plays。故选D。 1. The Browns ________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand one year ago. A. have been missing B. had been missing C. were missing D. will be missing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：自从一年前搬回新西兰后，布朗一家就一直怀念着在中国的网购经历。根据句意和时间状语“since they moved back to New Zealand one year ago”可知，miss(怀念)这一动作从过去持续到现在，可能仍然要继续下去，强调动作的延续性，应用现在完成进行时。故选A项。 2. Ten dollars ________ as much as before, Daddy. Give me more, please. A. doesn’t buy B. don’t buy C. didn’t buy D. isn’t bought 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：爸爸，十美元不像以前能买到那么多东西了。请再多给我些吧。此处描述的是现在的客观情况，应用一般现在时；Ten dollars表示一笔钱，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，且此处表示 “(钱)能买(东西)”，是主动意义，不用被动语态，所以用 doesn’t buy，故选A项。 3. It’s the first time this term we ________ an examination after class in the afternoon. A. didn’t have B. haven’t had C. don’t have D. aren’t having 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在完成时和固定句型。句意：这是这学期我们第一次在下午课后没有考试。固定句型“It’s the first time + 现在完成时”，表示“这是第一次……”。故选B项。 4. — I wonder ________ for the coming festival. — I’m going to buy some flowers to celebrate it. A. what did you do B. what you did C. what will you do D. what you will do 【答案】D 【详解】考查宾语从句和时态。句意：——我想知道你在即将到来的节日里会做些什么。——我要去买些花庆祝一下。wonder后为宾语从句，根据the coming festival可知，此处表示想知道的是将来的打算，因此宾语从句需要用一般将来时，谓语用“will+动词原形”，排除选项A和选项B。宾语从句要用陈述语序，谓语will do放在主语you之后，故选D。 5. That year, Jack sailed to England, where he ________ law for several years and became a lawyer after graduation. A. studied B. was studying C. has studied D. had studied 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：那一年，杰克航行到英国，在那里学习了几年法律，毕业后成为了一名律师。由that year和for several years可知，学习这一动作在过去某一时间前就已经完成，应用过去完成时，故选D。 考点二：动词语态 例1. More shopping centers ________ in our city soon to promote the local economy. A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：很快我们这座城市将会新建更多的购物中心，以促进当地经济的发展。 “soon”表明用将来时，“shopping centers”与“build”是被动关系，故选将来时的被动语态“will be built”。故选B。 例2. —We planted lots of trees on Tree Planting Day. —That’s quite meaningful. If more trees ________, we’ll have a greener world. A. plant B. are planted C. will plant D. will be planted 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：——在植树节那天，我们种下了许多树木。——这意义重大。如果能种下更多的树木，我们将会拥有一个更加绿色的世界。从句主语与谓语构成被动关系，且条件状语从句中，主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 例3. Many a new safety rule ________ in schools over the last three years to help create a happier and more secure learning environment. A. has made B. has been made C. have been made D. have mad 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的三年里，学校制定了许多新的安全规则，以帮助创造一个更快乐、更安全的学习环境。根据“over the last three years”可知，应该使用现在完成时。“many a new safety rule”作主语，谓语动词用单数，且与make之间为被动关系，因此使用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故选B。 1. Sam as well as his team members ________ by Professor Lown for not finishing the task in time. A. is criticized B. are criticized C. was criticized D. were criticized 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态以及主谓一致。句意：萨姆和他的团队成员因没有及时完成任务而受到劳恩教授的批评。句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，且主语和动词criticize是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于其前面的主语，即此处与Sam一致，为单数意义，故选C。 2. “The disease ________ effectively across the city so far,” the official said at the news conference. A. has been controlled B. has controlled C. will be controlled D. is being controlled 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这位官员在新闻发布会上说：“到目前为止，该疾病在全市范围内得到了有效控制。”。根据时间状语so far可知，空处用现在完成时；动词control和主语之间是被动关系。故选A。 3. Lao She’s play Tea House ________ into at least ten different films over the past 10 years. A. had been made B. has been made C. would be made D. was made 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在过去的10年里，老舍的话剧《茶馆》被改编成至少10部不同的电影。make into(使变成)是谓语动词，与主语Lao She’s play之间是被动关系，结合时间状语over the past 10 years可知，描述从10年前开始，持续到现在的情况，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B项。 4. This online course _________, but you can still access and use the original version. A. has updated B. had updated C. has been updated D. had been updated 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这个在线课程已经更新，但你仍然可以访问和使用原始版本。根据“you can still access and use the original version”可知，此处暗示课程已经更新，但仍可使用原版本。主语This online course与谓语update为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选C项。 5. Everyone is good at something, and if your focus ________ to that talent over the course of years, amazing things will be done. A. gives B. is given C. gave D. was given 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：每个人都有自己擅长的东西，如果你把注意力集中在这个天赋上，经过几年的时间，你就会完成惊人的事情。本空为if引导的条件状语从句的谓语，用一般现在时表将来，且从句主语your focus与give“给予”为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。 考点三：主谓一致 例1.(2025年四川省高等职业教育单独考试招生文化素质考试)Frank, a highly respected professor and my friend, ________ invited to the international conference last year. A. are B. is C. were D. was 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：弗兰克是一位备受尊敬的教授，也是我的朋友，他去年被邀请参加了国际会议。主语是Frank，a highly respected professor and my friend是同位语，不影响主谓一致，故谓语动词用单数；由“last year”可知时态为一般过去时，因此be动词用was。故填 D。 例2. Every boy and every girl ________ pleased when they saw Shenzhou XV, with Fei Junlong, one of the most expert Chinese astronaut, to carry out the flight mission, was sent up to space. A. is B. was C. are D. were 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：每个男孩和女孩在看到神舟十五号，由最资深的中国宇航员之一费俊龙执行飞行任务被送入太空时，都感到非常高兴。根据句意以及时间状语从句的谓语动词saw可知，此处使用一般过去时，“every+名词单数+and+名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式。故选B项。 例3. I’m very busy now. Either you or he ________ going to have a meeting instead of me. A. was B. is C. are D. were 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我现在很忙。不是你就是他代替我去开会。根据上文的I’m very busy now可知，句子描述的是现在的情况，空格处用is/are going to do；either...or...连接两个主语时，句子的谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，此句中应该与he保持一致，用is。故选B项。 1. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and children, ________ visit Beijing this summer. A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：史密斯博士和他的妻子、孩子今年夏天将访问北京。根据“this summer”可知，此处描述将来的情况，时态应用一般将来时，together with his wife and children为插入语，不影响主语的人称和数，主语Dr. Smith是单数，应用is going to。故选A。 2. Currently, jogging, as well as cycling and swimming, ________ as one of the most beneficial forms of exercise. A. is regarded B. regard C. are regarded D. regards 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态与主谓一致。句意：目前，慢跑、骑自行车和游泳被认为是最有益的锻炼方式之一。分析句式可知，此处jogging, as well as cycling and swimming是由as well as连接的并列主语，谓语需与as well as前面的主语jogging保持一致，故谓语用单数形式。同时，此处表示一般事实，jogging与regard之间为被动关系，应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。 3. Nowadays, huge quantities of information, whether true or false, ________ on the Internet as a result of the advanced technology. A. is found B. are found C. has found D. have found 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如今，由于先进的技术，大量的信息，无论是真还是假，都可以在互联网上找到。“quantities of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。information与find之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选B。 4. Large quantities of information gathered from extensive’ research studies ________ valuable insights into the trends affecting global health outcomes. A. provide B. has been providing C. provides D. is providing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从广泛的研究中收集到的大量信息为影响全球健康结果的趋势提供了有价值的见解。provide(提供)是谓语动词，与主语“Large quantities of information”之间是主动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时态，且“quantities of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。故选A项。 5. Mr. Smith, as well as his wife ________ the online shopping experience in China since he moved back to New Zealand two years ago. A. has been missing B. were missing C. have been missing D. will be missing 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：自从两年前搬回新西兰后，史密斯先生和他的妻子一直怀念在中国的网购经历。根据“since he moved back to New Zealand two years ago”以及句意可知，句子强调“自从两年前搬回新西兰后一直怀念”，空处应用现在完成进行时，根据“Mr. Smith, as well as his wife”可知，谓语动词需与“Mr. Smith”保持一致，应用单数形式，因此空处应用has been missing。故选A。 一、单项选择 1. That old car of my father's ________ constantly ________ down. We should really consider buying a new one. A. is...breaking B. /...breaks C. has...broken D. was...breaking 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。 句意：我父亲的那辆旧车老是不断地出故障。我们真的应该考虑买一辆新的了。现在进行时与“constantly”连用时，可表达一种带有厌烦、不满等情绪的语义，即“老是、不断地做某事”，在该句中表示“那辆旧车老是不断地出故障”，符合这种语境。句子主语为“That old car”，系动词应为is，故选A。 2. I can’t join you for the game tonight. My cousin ________ from the UK, and we’re going to have a family dinner. A. arrives B. is arriving C. arrived D. has arrived 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我今晚不能和你一起玩了。我表弟要从英国来，我们要吃家庭晚餐。时间状语“tonight”表将来，结合句意，此处表示“计划、安排好即将发生的动作”，可用现在进行时表将来，主语“My cousin”为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为“is arriving”，此处意为“将要到达”，符合“今晚的安排”这一语境。故选B项。 3. I ________ this, but the reality for me has been very different. A. used to believe B. am used to believe C. am used to believing D. used to believing 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我曾经相信这一点，但现实对我来说是非常不同的。used to意为“曾经”，后接动词原形，be used to意为“惯于”后接动名词，根据句意，此处表达“曾经相信这一点”之意，应用used to believe。故选A项。 4. He ________ his blog, ________ about his travels, and ________with his online friends when his computer crashed. A. updated... wrote... chatted B. was updating... writing... chatting C. was updating... was writing... was chatting D. updated... was writing... chatted 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他当时正在更新博客、撰写旅行经历、并与网友聊天，这时电脑突然崩溃了。固定句型be doing...when...正在做某事，这时突然发生了另一件事，updae、write和chat是过去正在发生的三个并列的动作，用过去进行时，注意选项B的结构不平行，只有第一个动词是进行时，故排除，故选C。 5. Mr. Crossett was made ________ his teaching because of his poor health and old age. A. give up B. give in C. to give up D. to give in 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语辨析和不定式。句意：克罗塞特先生由于身体不好和年纪大而被迫放弃了教学工作。give up放弃；give in屈服，让步，根据“ because of his poor health and old age”可知此处表示“放弃”，另外，此处是make sb do的被动结构，要将省略的不定式符号to还原，即“sb. be made to do”。故选C项。 6. The new method Mr. Wang ________ to ________ effective. A. has been devoting; is proved B. has been devoting; proving C. has been devoted; being proved D. has been devoted; proves 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：王先生一直致力于的新方法证明是有效的。“Mr. Wang ________ to”是定语从句，修饰名词method，第一空为定语从句的谓语动词，表达“致力于”用短语be devoted to，陈述从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时，主语Mr. Wang是第三人称单数，助动词用has。第二空为主句的谓语动词，prove“证明是”的用法同系动词，无被动语态，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语method是第三人称单数，prove用第三人称单数形式。故选D。 7. Either the detailed explanation in the textbook or the teacher’s examples in class ________ helpful for understanding ________ a noun clause functions. A. is; how B. are; how C. is; what D. are; what 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和连接词。句意：无论是教科书中的详细解释还是老师在课堂上的例子，都有助于理解名词性从句是什么功能。在“Either…or…”结构中，谓语动词遵循就近原则(与or后的the teacher’s examples一致)，此处应为复数are。 understanding后接宾语从句，表示“方式”，用连接词how。故选B项。 8. With more forests being destroyed in that area, a quantity of land ________ deserts each year. A. has been turned into B. have been turned into C. is being turned into D. are being turned into 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：随着更多的森林在这个地区被破坏，每年都有大量的土地正被变成沙漠。根据each year和表示“每年有大量的土地正变成沙漠”可知，句子为现在进行时态。且turn into和land之间为被动关系，所以句子为现在进行时态的被动语态，构成为be being done。句子的谓语动词的单复数根据quantity的单复数确定，quantity是单数，谓语动词用单数，quantity是复数，谓语动词用复数，此处为a quantity of+名词作主语，所以be动词用is。故选C。 9. This pen ________ smoothly. A. write B. writes C. is written D. wrote 【答案】B 【详解】考查主动表被动。句意：这支笔书写流畅。本句描述主语This pen的固有属性或特征，此时动词用主动形式表示被动意义，且句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，故谓语用 write的第三人称单数形式writes。故选B。 10. — What do you think of his talk on Information Technology? — Oh, excellent. It’s worth ________. A. listening to B. being listened to C. listening D. to be listened to 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——你觉得他关于信息技术的演讲怎么样？——哦，非常好。值得一听。be worth doing sth是固定搭配，意为“值得做某事”，主动形式表示被动含义，排除 B、D 项；listen是不及物动词，后接宾语时需加介词to，此处 it 指代“his talk”，作listen to的逻辑宾语，因此空处应填listening to。故选A。 二、单句语法填空 1. Not knowing where I’m going ________(be) what inspires me to travel. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：不知道我要去往何处正是激励我去旅行的原因。句子描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，“Not knowing where I’m going”是动名词短语作主语，be动词用单数形式is。故填is。 2. These means of travel ________(be) popular among the young people. 【答案】are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这些旅行方式很受年轻人欢迎。主语“These means”中，“means”是单复数同形的名词，此处被“These”(这些)修饰，表复数概念；句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，因此be动词用are。故填are。 3. Not just you but he ________(like) the country music very much. 【答案】likes 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅你，他也非常喜欢乡村音乐。根据“Not just... but...”连接两个并列主语，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”的语法规则可知，此空应与he保持主谓一致。句子描述客观喜好，应用一般现在时likes。故填likes。 4. The flowers in the garden ________(smell) sweet after the rain. 【答案】smell 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：雨后花园里的花散发出阵阵芳香。空格处是谓语动词，smell表示“闻起来”是不及物动词，无被动语态，主动形式表示被动含义，句子描述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语是复数形式，谓语动词应该用复数形式。故填smell。 5. The new system, which our engineers have been testing for several months, is expected to reduce energy consumption by 20 percent once it ________(put) into operation. 【答案】is put 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这个新系统，我们的工程师已经测试了好几个月了，一旦投入使用，预计能减少20%的能源消耗。空处作once引导的时间状语从句的谓语，主句“is expected to reduce…”表示对未来的预计，从句应用一般现在时表将来，短语put… into operation意为“把……投入使用”，put和主语it之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是it，be动词应用is。故填is put。 6. The letter was written in such a hurry that several spelling mistakes can still be found even after it ________(check) twice by the editor. 【答案】was checked 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这封信写得太匆忙了，以至于即便经过编辑两遍的仔细检查，仍能发现不少拼写错误。主语it(指代letter)与谓语构成被动关系，且发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语用单数形式。故填was checked。 7. The old building ________(repair) now, so it’s not open to visitors. You have to come next month. 【答案】is being repaired 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这座老建筑正在维修中，所以不对游客开放。你得下个月来。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“now”和“so it’s not open to visitors”可知，此处表示动作正在进行中，时态应用现在进行时，repair“修理”和主语The old building之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用is。故填is being repaired。 8. He ________(not finish) the project yet, but he will soon. 【答案】has not finished 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：他还没有完成这个项目，但他很快就会(完成的)。分析可知，所填动词作句子的谓语动词；根据“yet”并结合提示词“not finish”可知，应是现在完成时否定句，即“have/has not +过去分词”；主语“He”为第三人称单数，这里用has。故填has not finished。 9. ________ you ever ________(visit) the Great Wall? It is a famous tourist attraction. 【答案】Have; visited 【详解】考查助动词have构成现在完成时。句意：你参观过长城吗？它是一个著名的旅游景点。结合语境和ever可知此处描述过去发生的事情对现在的影响，使用现在完成时，主语是you，助动词使用have，一般疑问句中助动词提前，过去分词用visited。故填①Have②visited。 10. She ________(arrive) at the airport early, and then ________(wait) for her friend. 【答案】arrived; waited 【详解】考查时态。句意：她早早到达了机场，然后等着她的朋友。句子描述的是过去发生的连贯动作，“到达机场”和“等待朋友”是先后发生的过去行为，因此用一般过去时。故填①arrived②waited。 一、阅读理解 A Writing Competitions 2025 The Caledonia Novel Award The award is for the best novel manuscript(原稿). All entries must be original manuscripts at least 50,000 words long by unpublished writers. The first prize is £1,500. There is a special prize of a free place on a creative writing course at Moniack Mhor Centre, the sponsor of the competition. The entry fee is £28. A number of sponsored places are available for writers on low incomes. The closing date is 31 May. Website: https://thecnaward.com/submit The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers Award The DRF Writers Award invites submissions of 15,000-20,000 words of a work in progress, which may be fiction or non-fiction. Writers must not previously have published any work. The winner will receive £10,000 and two shortlisted writers will receive £1,000. The closing date is 31 May. Website: https://www.drf.org/enter Imagine 2100 Climate Fiction Competition Writers are invited to “envision(展望) a future where humanity overcomes the climate crisis and builds a more sustainable world.” Your story can be set sometime between the near future and the year 2100. Stories should be unpublished, between 2,500-5,000 words. Entry is free, with the first prize of £3,000. The winning stories will be published on the competition’s website. The deadline is 24 June. Website: https://climatefiction.org/submit New Writers Flash Fiction Competition New Writers is inviting entries of short fiction on any theme up to 300 words. The first prize is £1,100. The winning entries will be published on the New Writers website. All entries must be original and unpublished. There is an entry fee of £10. £1 from each entry will be donated to First Story, the creative writing charity for young people. A limited number of free entries are available for low-income writers. The closing date is 31 March. Website: https://newwriters.net/compete 1. How many words are required for the entries to the competition sponsored by Moniack Mhor Centre? A. Up to 300. B. 2,500 to 5,000. C. 15,000 to 20,000. D. At least 50,000. 2. The DRF Writers Award differs from the other competitions in that________. A. it awards money prizes B. it offers a free writing course C. it accepts non-fiction entries D. it publishes winning stories online 3. Which competition involves donation to young writers? A. The Caledonia Novel Award. B. New Writers Flash Fiction Competition. C. Imagine 2100 Climate Fiction Competition. D. The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers Award. 4. What do the four competitions have in common? A. Entries must not be previously published. B. They all fund low-income writers. C. All competitions are entry free. D. Participants should write on particular themes. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍2025年四项写作比赛的参赛要求、奖项设置、截止日期等核心信息。1. 细节理解题。根据“The Caledonia Novel Award”部分中的“All entries must be original manuscripts at least 50,000 words long by unpublished writers. There is a special prize of a free place on a creative writing course at Moniack Mhor Centre, the sponsor of the competition.( 所有参赛作品必须是未出版作家的原创手稿，字数至少5万字。本次比赛的赞助商莫尼亚克·莫尔中心将提供一个创意写作课程的免费名额作为特别奖项。)”可知，莫尼亚克·莫尔中心赞助的比赛要求参赛作品字数至少5万字。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据“The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers Award”部分中的“The DRF Writers Award invites submissions of 15,000-20,000 words of a work in progress, which may be fiction or non-fiction. (DRF作家奖邀请提交1.5万至2万字的未完成作品，作品可以是小说或非虚构作品。)”可知，该奖项与其他比赛的不同之处在于接受非虚构作品参赛。其他三项比赛均未提及接受非虚构作品，A项“颁发奖金”、D项“在线发表获奖作品”是部分比赛的共同特点，B项“提供免费写作课程”仅属于The Caledonia Novel Award。故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据“New Writers Flash Fiction Competition”部分中的“There is an entry fee of £10. £1 from each entry will be donated to First Story, the creative writing charity for young people.( 参赛费用为10英镑。每笔参赛费用中的1英镑将捐赠给First Story，这是一个面向年轻人的创意写作慈善机构。)”可知，该比赛涉及对年轻作家的捐赠。故选B项。 4. 细节理解题。根据各项比赛的要求：The Caledonia Novel Award“All entries must be original manuscripts... by unpublished writers. (所有参赛作品必须是未出版作家的原创手稿)”、The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers Award“Writers must not previously have published any work. (作家之前不得出版过任何作品)”、Imagine 2100 Climate Fiction Competition“Stories should be unpublished... (作品应为未出版作品)”、New Writers Flash Fiction Competition“All entries must be original and unpublished. (所有参赛作品必须是原创且未出版的)”可知，四项比赛的共同要求是参赛作品必须是未出版的。故选A项。 B Chinese Nobel Prize-winning physicist Zhen Ning Yang, one of the most influential scientists in modern physics, passed away in Beijing on October 18 due to illness at the age of 103. Born in 1922, Yang was brought up surrounded by the Tsinghua campus, where his father was a math professor. After finishing his undergraduate degree, he obtained his master’s degree from Tsinghua. He enrolled in the University of Chicago in the United States to pursue a doctorate in 1946 and was strongly influenced by Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi, who had won the same Nobel Prize in 1938. He later became a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Yang won the Nobel Prize in 1957 with Tsung-Dao Lee for their investigation of the so-called parity laws that led to “important discoveries regarding the elementary particles,” according to the Nobel Prize website. They were the first Chinese-born Nobel Prize winners in physics. Professor Yang was deeply devoted to his homeland, making remarkable contributions to China’s scientific and educational developments. His visit to China in 1971 led to a wave of visits by overseas scholars, earning him recognition as the pioneer in building the bridge of academic exchange between China and the United States. He later proposed the restoration and strengthening of basic scientific research to China’s central leadership. He also raised funds to establish the “Committee on Educational Exchange with China”, which has continuously sponsored nearly 100Chinese scholars for advanced studies in the United States. These scholars later became the backbone of China’ s scientific and technological development. He undertook extensive work to promote China’s scientific and technological exchange and progress, offering advice and exercising significant influence on major Chinese scientific projects and the formulation (制定) of science and education policies. After returning to Tsinghua University in 1999, he took on developing the Institute for Advanced Study as his new mission. He poured enormous effort into advancing fundamental disciplines like physics and cultivating talents at Tsinghua, making remarkable contributions that greatly impacted the reform and development of Chinese higher education. Professor Yang’s life stands as a timeless chapter in human history — one that shines not only for China but for the global community of thinkers and innovators. 5. What is the article mainly about? A. Yang’s lifelong contributions to China. B. Yang’s research on elementary particles. C. Yang’s influence on global science policy. D. Yang’s educational background in America. 6. Why was Yang’s 1971 visit significant? A. It focused on political dialogue. B. It promoted cultural activities in China. C. It aimed to win a Nobel Prize for China. D. It initiated academic exchanges with the US. 7. What did Yang do for Chinese scholars? A. He funded their advanced studies abroad. B. He helped them win international awards. C. He taught them advanced physics personally. D. He offered them jobs in American universities. 8. How does the author view Yang’s contributions? A. It is primarily for Chinese scientists. B. It belongs to the whole world. C. It lies in his Nobel Prize achievement. D. It is mainly about educational reform. 【答案】5. A 6. D 7. A 8. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记述了诺贝尔奖得主物理学家杨振宁的生平事迹及其对中外科学界与教育事业作出的卓越贡献。 5. 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第四段中心句“Professor Yang was deeply devoted to his homeland, making remarkable contributions to China’s scientific and educational developments.(杨教授对祖国深怀热爱，为中国的科学和教育事业作出了卓越的贡献。)”和第五段中心句“After returning to Tsinghua University in 1999, he took on developing the Institute for Advanced Study as his new mission. (1999年回到清华大学后，他把发展高等研究院作为自己的新使命。)”可知，文章重点展现杨振宁教授毕生对祖国的奉献。故选A。 6. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“His visit to China in 1971 led to a wave of visits by overseas scholars, earning him recognition as the pioneer in building the bridge of academic exchange between China and the United States.(1971年，他对中国的访问引发了一波海外学者的访问浪潮，他被公认为建立中美学术交流桥梁的先驱。)”可知，此次访问开创了中美学术交流。故选D。 7. 细节理解题。根据第四段“ He also raised funds to establish the “Committee on Educational Exchange with China”, which has continuously sponsored nearly 100Chinese scholars for advanced studies in the United States.(他还筹集资金成立了“中美教育交流委员会”，该委员会已连续资助了近100名中国学者前往美国深造)”可知，他为学者提供海外研修资助。故选A。 8. 推理判断题。根据末段作者评价“Professor Yang’s life stands as a timeless chapter in human history—one that shines not only for China but for the global community of thinkers and innovators.(杨教授的一生是人类历史上永恒的篇章，不仅为中国，也为全球的思想家和创新者闪耀着光辉。)”可知，其贡献具有世界意义。故选B。 C One of the best parts of being a parent has to be watching children discover the world around them. “What’s that in your hand? Is it — a ball? Do you think it will roll down this hill?” you might ask your kid. Then you get to enjoy their shouts of delight as they explore just that. Yet over time parents may find that their child is becoming less curious about science. Why does this shift happen? There are, of course, a number of different factors at play, but according to a recent study, this loss of interest may be partly the result of subtle(微妙的) language cues children hear. When talking to children, many adults might say things like “Let’s be scientists today!” (to promote curiosity) or “You’re such a good scientist!” (to praise a child). But this kind of language, which focuses on science as an identity rather than a set of activities and actions that people do, can be demotivating. One study showed that kids as young as four persisted longer when their cue to participate in science activities was “Let’s do science” rather than “Let’s be scientists.” But it’s also true that during adolescence, kids are actively trying on and ultimately forming different identities for themselves. So in contrast to its demotivating effects on young children, identity focused language may help teens stay interested in science. In one study, cueing a future identity based on science (such as “scientist” or “doctor”) motivated middle schoolers to do more homework and was associated with higher grades. That might be because if teens think of themselves as scientists, then they are willing to do what it takes to be the person they want to become. Focusing on these actions when children are young might help them persist in hard tasks or lessons. But as older children gain experience in these areas and start forming ideas of whom they want to become, emphasizing future science-dependent identities might also be helpful in maintaining an interest in science. How these two versions of subtle language cues might work together has yet to be tested. Perhaps this research could be done by your future scientist. 9. How do parents motivate their child’s curiosity about science? A. By playing ball games. B. By keeping them company. C. By giving language cues. D. By encouraging them to reply. 10. In which sentence, “at play” means the same with the underlined one? A. This time curiosity is at play. B. Unlucky in love, lucky at play. C. The toy reminds us of when we were at play. D. Pause and smell a rose or watch children at play. 11. What determines the effectiveness of language hints according to the research? A. Language focus and kids’ age group. B. Language diversity and kids’ grades. C. Adults’ motivation and kids’ interest. D. Adults’ identities and kids’ willingness. 12. Which column is this text probably taken from? A. Environment. B. Parenting. C. Health. D. Lifestyle. 【答案】9. C 10. A 11. A 12. B 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章探讨孩子对科学的好奇心逐渐减弱的原因，指出语言暗示有影响——幼儿适合“做科学”类表达，青少年适合身份类表达，可维持其科学兴趣。 9. 推理判断题。根据第三段“When talking to children, many adults might say things like “Let’s be scientists today!” (to promote curiosity) or “You’re such a good scientist!” (to praise a child). But this kind of language, which focuses on science as an identity rather than a set of activities and actions that people do, can be demotivating. One study showed that kids as young as four persisted longer when their cue to participate in science activities was “Let’s do science” rather than “Let’s be scientists.”(当和孩子们交谈时，许多成年人可能会说“今天让我们成为科学家吧！”(激发好奇心)或者“你真是个好科学家！”(表扬孩子)。但这种把科学作为一种身份而不是人们所做的一系列活动和行动的语言，可能会让人失去动力。一项研究表明，当参与科学活动的提示是“让我们做科学”而不是“让我们成为科学家”时，四岁的孩子坚持的时间更长)”可推知，父母通过给予语言暗示激发孩子对科学的好奇心。故选C项。 10. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“There are, of course, a number of different factors at play, but according to a recent study, this loss of interest may be partly the result of subtle (微妙的) language cues children hear.(当然，有许多不同的因素at play，但根据最近的一项研究，这种兴趣的丧失可能部分是孩子们听到的微妙语言暗示的结果)”由此可知，此处为有许多不同的因素在起作用。故可猜测划线短语“at play”意为“起作用、在发挥影响”，和A选项“This time curiosity is at play.( 这一次是好奇心在起作用。)”中的“at play”意思一致。故选A项。 11. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“So in contrast to its demotivating effects on young children, identity focused language may help teens stay interested in science. In one study, cueing a future identity based on science (such as “scientist” or “doctor”) motivated middle schoolers to do more homework and was associated with higher grades.(因此，与其对幼儿的消极影响相反，以身份为中心的语言可能有助于青少年保持对科学的兴趣。在一项研究中，基于科学的未来身份提示(如“科学家”或“医生”)激励中学生做更多的家庭作业，并与更高的成绩相关)”可推知，根据研究，语言焦点和儿童年龄段决定了语言暗示的有效性。故选A项。 12. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“One of the best parts of being a parent has to be watching children discover the world around them. “What’s that in your hand? Is it—a ball? Do you think it will roll down this hill?” you might ask your kid. Then you get to enjoy their shouts of delight as they explore just that. Yet over time parents may find that their child is becoming less curious about science. Why does this shift happen?(为人父母最好的部分之一就是看着孩子们发现他们周围的世界。“你手里拿的是什么？”它是一个球吗？你可能会问你的孩子：“你觉得它会滚下山吗？”然后你就可以享受他们在探索的时候发出的喜悦的叫声了。然而，随着时间的推移，父母可能会发现他们的孩子对科学的好奇心越来越少。为什么会发生这种转变？)”可知，文章围绕“父母如何通过语言暗示激发不同年龄段孩子的科学好奇心” 展开，核心是育儿相关的方法与研究，属于“育儿”专栏范畴。故选B项。 D Like many people I know, I decided about a month ago to get a new iPhone. My old iPhone’s fancy features were now weak and barely working. Its battery was a joke. I went off to the Verizon store. I made an appointment and was told it would be quick. But it wasn’t quick at all. The sales representative’s explanation of pricing and plans lasted longer than many of my lectures. It was 10 times as hard to follow. I placed my order anyway. Three days later, when I went back to trade in my old, slow phone for the new one, the data transfer (传输) that was supposed to take 60 minutes took over three hours. Then I spent days sending text messages and emails to the sales representative to fix all the problems. Ah, the paradoxes(矛盾) of progress. More conveniences also bring more and more inconveniences. You must download this. You must upload that. You must take a photo. You must change this setting and then that setting, and have you updated the app? Update the app! Because then you’ll be able to customize your experience even further, provided you have the time and patience to educate yourself on the infinite customizations. Yes, I’m old, and younger people are better at using all the different parts of our wireless technology. Old people and technology go together like peanut butter and sardines(沙丁鱼) — they just don’t match well. But it’s also true that people from all generations — baby boomers, Gen X, millennials, and Gen Z — all struggle with lots of things like inputs, outputs, passwords, QR codes, and reminders that didn’t exist 25 years ago. Those tech annoyances accompany innovations that undeniably streamline a range of experiences — calling a ride, plotting a route, buying a movie or concert ticket, checking in for a flight — to a degree that I wouldn’t be foolish enough to wish away. But the innovations seldom live up fully to their promises of ease and speed, and they introduce complications and imperfections all their own. 13. Why did the author decide to buy a new iPhone? A. He needed a new phone for work. B. He was influenced by friends to upgrade. C. His old iPhone had failing features and a poor battery. D. He was offered a special discount at the Verizon store. 14. Which of the following can best describe the author’s experience at the Verizon store? A. Enjoyable and user-friendly. B. Quick but disappointing. C. Confusing and time-consuming. D. Necessary but boring. 15. What does the author think of modern technology? A. It makes life simpler but also more complicated. B. It is mainly beneficial to younger generations. C. It has removed many inconveniences. D. It is too expensive for most people. 16. What can be inferred about the author from the last paragraph? A. He is completely satisfied with technological innovations. B. He wishes these technological innovations will disappear. C. He believes technological innovations bring more problems than solutions. D. He acknowledges the benefits of technology but also highlights its limitations. 【答案】13. C 14. C 15. A 16. D 【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文。作者通过自己的经历论述了技术进步给生活带来便利的同时，也让生活更加复杂。 13. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“My old iPhone’s fancy features were now weak and barely working. Its battery was a joke.(我那部旧iPhone的精彩功能现在很弱，几乎不能用了。它的电池是个笑话)”可知，作者的旧手机功能失效、电池糟糕，所以决定买一部新手机。故选C。 14. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I made an appointment and was told it would be quick. But it wasn’t quick at all. The sales representative’s explanation of pricing and plans lasted longer than many of my lectures. It was 10 times as hard to follow.(我预约了，他们告诉我很快就能搞定。但它一点也不快。销售代表对价格和计划的解释比我的许多讲座都要长。要跟上它要困难十倍)”可知，作者在Verizon商店的经历过程冗长，且销售员的解释难懂。故选C。 15. 推理判断题。第四段首句“More conveniences also bring more and more inconveniences.(更多的便利也带来越来越多的不便)”明确作者的核心观点，下文“You must download this. You must upload that. , You must take a photo. You must change this setting and then that setting, and have you updated the app? Update the app! Because then you’ll be able to customize your experience even further, provided you have the time and patience to educate yourself on the infinite customizations.(必须下载这个。你必须上传。你必须拍张照片。你必须更改这个设置，然后更改那个设置，你更新应用程序了吗？更新应用程序！因为这样你就可以进一步定制你的体验，只要你有时间和耐心来自学无限的定制)”列举下载、设置、更新等繁琐操作，强调需时间与耐心才能体验技术的进步。由此推知，作者认为现代科技使生活更简单，但也更复杂。故选A。 16. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Those tech annoyances accompany innovations that undeniably streamline a range of experiences — calling a ride, plotting a route, buying a movie or concert ticket, checking in for a flight — to a degree that I wouldn’t be foolish enough to wish away. But the innovations seldom live up fully to their promises of ease and speed, and they introduce complications and imperfections all their own.(这些技术上的烦恼伴随着创新，这些创新无疑简化了一系列体验——叫车、规划路线、购买电影或音乐会门票、办理航班登机手续——达到了我不会愚蠢到希望消失的程度。但是，这些创新很少能完全实现它们承诺的简单和快速，而且它们自己也带来了复杂性和缺陷)”可推知，作者先是承认技术优势，如它简化了一系列体验，接着指出其局限性，即它们很少能完全实现它们承诺的简单和快速，而且它们自己也带来了复杂性和缺陷，故选D。 二、完形填空 During my college years in Bangalore, our days were filled with simple pleasures. One weekend, my friend Bella and I decided to 1 the Rex Theatre on Brigade Road. I can’t remember the name of the film, but I do 2 the noisy and shaky ride in a three-wheeled vehicle. That afternoon, Brigade Road was in 3 — bikes, cars, buses, and people flowing across the streets. We 4 at the theatre, and I stepped onto the road. Suddenly, I 5 . My right leg might have given way. I found myself on the side of the road, my foot twisted in pain. In India, any event, however small, tends to attract an 6 . People gathered around curiously. Bella tried to 7 a vehicle, but drivers 8 one after another. We sat alone among a sea of strangers, with me in pain, Bella feeling 9 . Then, a young man 10 forward from the crowd. He 11 beside me and asked about my pain, gentle and soft-spoken. He then managed to 12 a passing taxi. He helped me in, and 13 “take care” before disappearing into the crowd. A short while later, I was home and spent the rest of the week recovering from my injury. My pain faded, but the man’s kind 14 has stayed with me. It 15 me that in a fast-moving world, we can still find the best of humanity in simple acts of care — in those who pause to notice and help, leaving warmth that lasts forever. 1. A. visit B. build C. decorate D. leave 2. A. forget B. regret C. ignore D. recall 3. A. silence B. chaos C. repair D. order 4. A. cut down B. got off C. broke down D. met up 5. A. collapsed B. fled C. hesitated D. waved 6. A. audience B. ambulance C. accident D. alarm 7. A. drive B. buy C. find D. offer 8. A. pushed B. welcomed C. refused D. thanked 9. A. excited B. powerless C. content D. proud 10. A. stepped B. looked C. fell D. sent 11. A. jumped B. knelt C. slipped D. lay 12. A. collect B. crash C. stop D. design 13. A. whispered B. shouted C. wrote D. added 14. A. trick B. status C. gesture D. donation 15. A. shocks B. fails C. warns D. reminds 【答案】 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在大学期间与朋友Bella在Brigade Road的Rex电影院前发生的一次意外，以及一位陌生年轻男子给予的善意帮助，让作者感受到了人性中的美好。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个周末，我和朋友Bella决定去Brigade路的Rex电影院看看。A. visit参观，拜访；B. build建造；C. decorate装饰；D. leave离开。根据下文“the Rex Theatre on Brigade Road”和“I can’t remember the name of the film”可知，此处指作者和Bella去看了电影，所以去了Rex电影院；visit some place可以理解为“拜访某个地方；到某个地方去”。故选A项。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不记得电影的名字了，但我确实记得乘坐三轮车的颠簸旅程。A. forget忘记；B. regret后悔；C. ignore忽视；D. recall回忆起。根据上文“I can’t remember the name of the film”和转折词“but”可知，此处指作者不记得电影的名字，但记得颠簸旅程；“recall”与“can’t remember”形成对比。故选D项。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天下午，Brigade路一片混乱——自行车、汽车、公共汽车和行人川流不息。A. silence沉默；B. chaos混乱；C. repair修理；D. order命令。根据下文“bikes, cars, buses, and people flowing across the streets”可知，此处指Brigade路上交通混乱。故选B项。 4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们在电影院下车，我走到路上。A. cut down砍倒；B. got off下车；C. broke down抛锚；D. met up见面。根据下文“at the theatre”和“I stepped onto the road”可知，此处指到达目的地，作者和Bella从乘坐的三轮车上下来，走到路上。故选B项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我倒下了。A. collapsed突然倒下，昏倒；B. fled逃跑；C. hesitated犹豫；D. waved挥手。根据下文“My right leg might have given way. I found myself on the side of the road, my foot twisted in pain.”可知，此处指作者的右腿发软，整个人倒了下去。故选A项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在印度，任何事件，无论多么小，都会吸引观众。A. audience观众；B. ambulance救护车；C. accident事故；D. alarm警报。根据下文“People gathered around curiously”可知，此处指任何事件都会吸引观众，人们好奇地围了过来。故选A项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Bella试图找一辆车，但司机们一个接一个地拒绝了。A. drive驾驶；B. buy买；C. find发现，找到；D. offer提供。根据下文“a vehicle”和常识可推知，此处指作者倒在了地上，受伤了，所以Bella试图找一辆车送作者去医院。故选C项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Bella试图找一辆车，但司机们一个接一个地拒绝了。A. pushed推；B. welcomed欢迎；C. refused拒绝；D. thanked感谢。根据上文“but drivers”和下文“We sat alone among a sea of strangers, with me in pain”可推知，此处指司机们拒绝了Bella的请求，作者只能痛苦不堪地坐在陌生人群之中。故选C项。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们独自坐在陌生人中间，我痛苦不堪，Bella感到无能为力。A. excited兴奋的；B. powerless无能为力的；C. content满意的；D. proud自豪的。根据上文“We sat alone among a sea of strangers, with me in pain”可知，此处指Bella面对作者的伤痛却找不到车送作者去医院，所以感到无能为力。故选B项。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，一个年轻人从人群中走了出来。A. stepped迈步；B. looked看；C. fell跌倒；D. sent发送。根据下文“forward from the crowd”可知，此处指一个年轻人从人群中走了出来。故选A项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他跪在我旁边，轻声细语地问我疼不疼。A. jumped跳；B. knelt跪下；C. slipped滑倒；D. lay躺。根据下文“beside me and asked about my pain”和常识可知，此处指作者坐在地上，年轻人是半跪在作者旁边询问伤情。故选B项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他设法拦住了一辆路过的出租车。A. collect收集；B. crash碰撞；C. stop拦住，使停止；D. design设计。根据下文“a passing taxi”和“He helped me in”可知，此处指年轻人帮忙拦了一辆路过的出租车。故选C项。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他帮我上车，轻声说了句“保重”，然后消失在人群中。A. whispered低语；B. shouted喊叫；C. wrote写；D. added添加。根据下文“take care”和语境可知，此处指年轻人轻声对受伤的作者说了句“保重”。故选A项。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的痛苦消失了，但那个人的善意举动一直伴随着我。A. trick诡计；B. status地位；C. gesture善意的举动；D. donation捐赠。根据上文“He then managed to 12 a passing taxi. He helped me in, and 13 “take care” before disappearing into the crowd”可知，此处指年轻人帮助了作者，这一善意举动一直伴随着作者。故选C项。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它提醒我，在这个快速发展的世界里，我们仍然可以在简单的关爱行为中找到人性中最好的一面——在那些停下来关注和帮助他人的人身上，留下永恒的温暖。A. shocks震惊；B. fails失败；C. warns警告；D. reminds提醒。根据下文“me that in a fast-moving world, we can still find the best of humanity in simple acts of care”可知，此处指这件事提醒作者，在这个快速发展的世界里，我们仍然可以通过小爱展示大爱。故选D项。 三、语法填空 In recent years, various countries have explored approaches to developing clean energy in Antarctica, 1 solar and wind energy being the primary focus. 2 , the extreme conditions and shortage of technologies make it tough for solar and wind power generation equipment to maintain stable and efficient operation. Recently, a clean energy system 3 (tailor) for polar conditions has been put into operation in China’s Qinling station in Antarctica. This is a big achievement because it 4 (great) lowers the station’ s need for fossil fuels and its possible harm to the environment. The breakthrough means China has become the first country 5 (achieve) the large-scale operation of a clean energy system under extreme Antarctic conditions. According to the lead scientist, Sun Hongbin, 56, this project marks a major advance in China’s efforts to explore green energy solutions in polar regions. Since the launch of the system on March 1, it 6 (replace) traditional diesel(柴油) power sources, 7 (provide) uninterrupted zero-carbon power for the research equipment and essential living facilities at Qinling station, which was established in February last year as China’s 8 (five) Antarctic research station. Solar and wind power now provide about 60 percent of the total energy that the system can produce. In situations 9 there isn’t enough wind or sun, hydrogen that has been stored can be used to provide extra power. Sun stressed the primary challenges in ensuring the 10 (stable) and safety of the equipment. Still, he hopes to establish a 20,000-square-meter Antarctic extreme environment simulation laboratory in Shanxi to enhance future research. 【答案】 1. with 2. However 3. tailored 4. greatly 5. to achieve 6. has replaced 7. providing 8. fifth 9. where 10. stability 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。介绍了我国探索了在南极洲发展清洁能源的一项重大突破，即一个为极地条件量身定制的清洁能源系统。 1. 考查介词。句意：近年来，各国探索了在南极洲发展清洁能源的方法，太阳能和风能是主要重点。分析句子结构可知，空格处应该填写介词，因为空格后无提示词，也不是句子不需要加连词，且energy“能源”为不可数名词，不需要加冠词。根据句意看，介词with符合语境，表示前文提到的清洁能源中有太阳能和风能，是一种所属关系。故填with。 2. 考查副词。句意：然而，极端条件和技术短缺使太阳能和风力发电设备难以保持稳定高效运行。分析句意可知，空格前后的句子在语义上构成转折关系。前文说“太阳能和风能是主要重点”，而后文却说“make it tough for solar and wind power generation equipment to maintain stable and efficient operation(使太阳能和风力发电设备难以保持稳定高效运行)”，构成转折关系，副词however“然而”符合语境。故填However。 3. 考查过去分词。句意：最近，为极地条件量身定制的清洁能源系统已在中国南极秦岭站投入运行。分析句子结构可知，动词tailor“为……量身打造，量体裁衣”需要改为过去分词形式，因为在句子它充当名词system“系统”的后置定语，构成被动关系。故填tailored。 4. 考查副词。句意：这是一项重大成就，因为它大大降低了空间站对化石燃料的需求及其对环境可能造成的危害。分析句意可知，形容词great“极好的”需要改为副词形式greatly“极大地，很大程度上”，因为它在句子用于修饰动词lower“降低”。故填greatly。 5. 考查不定式。句意：这一突破意味着中国已成为第一个在南极极端条件下实现清洁能源系统大规模运行的国家。分析句子结构可知，动词achieve“获得，实现”应该使用不定式，因为它在句子充当名词country“国家”的后置定语，且country前有序数词修饰，根据语法规则，名词前有序数词修饰时，使用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to achieve。 6. 考查动词时态。句意：自3月1日该系统推出以来，它取代了传统的柴油电源，为秦岭站的研究设备和基本生活设施提供了不间断的零碳电力，秦岭站于去年2月成立，是中国第五个南极研究站。分析句子结构可知，句子包含时间状语“Since the launch of the system on March 1(自3月1日该系统推出以来)”，故谓语动词replace“取代”应该使用现在完成时，主语为代词it，故助动词用has。故填has replaced。 7. 考查现在分词。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，动词provide在句子不是谓语动词，而是伴随状语，即该系统取代传统的柴油电源的同时为秦岭站的研究设备和基本生活设施提供了不间断的零碳电力，故使用现在分词表示主动伴随的动作。故填providing。 8. 考查序数词。句意：同上。分析句意可知，数词five“五”在句子的应该表示的是序数词的含义，即这是中国第五个南极研究站，需要改为序数词形式fifth。故填fifth。 9. 考查关系副词。句意：在没有足够的风能或太阳能的情况下，储存的氢气可以用来提供额外的电力。分析句子结构可知，名词situations“情况”在句子充当的是抽象地点，但是它后面有一个定语从句用于修饰它，故可判断situations同时也是定语从句的先行词，而从句是there be句型，并不缺主要成分，分析可知situations在定语从句中也充当地点状语，故使用关系副词where引导定语从句符合语境。故填where。 10. 考查名词。句意：Sun强调了确保设备稳定性和安全性的主要挑战。分析句子结构可知，空处作动名词ensuring“确保”的宾语，需要如并列宾语safety“安全”一样使用名词形式，即stability“稳定性”，表示抽象含义是不可数名词。故填stability。 四、应用文写作 WANTED! SENIOR EDITOR Requirements: Must have 10 years of English-learning experience, good writing skills and communication skills. Job details: Work 8 hours a week, communicate with the reporter, check the articles and design the pages. For information: Contact the editor-in-chief at 612-789-0044 or editorinchief@163.com 1. 自荐； 2. 请求面试机会。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Editor-in-chief, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Editor-in-chief, I am writing to express my interest in the Senior Editor position you advertised. I believe I will be an excellent candidate. Firstly, I have over 10 years of English-learning experience. Moreover, I possess exceptional writing skills. Additionally, my communication skills are top-notch. All of these experiences have equipped me with the skills necessary for this role. So, I would like to request an opportunity for an interview to discuss my application further. I am confident that I can exceed your expectations and become a valuable member of your team. Thank you for considering my application. Sincerely, Li Hua 【语篇导读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封申请信，请求面试机会。 【详解】 1.词汇积累 杰出的：excellent → superb 杰出的：exceptional → outstanding 此外：additionally → in addition 要求：request → require 2.句式拓展简单句变复合句 原句：I am writing to express my interest in the Senior Editor position you advertised. I believe I will be an excellent candidate. 拓展句：I am writing to express my interest in the Senior Editor position you advertised, for which I believe I will be an excellent candidate. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】I am writing to express my interest in the Senior Editor position you advertised.(运用了定语从句) 【高分句型2】I am confident that I can exceed your expectations and become a valuable member of your team.(运用了宾语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 动词时态,语态和主谓一致 ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 动词的时态 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般体 do/does did shall/will do should/would do 进行体 am/is/are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing 完成体 have/has done had done 完成进 行体 have/has been doing had been doing 1.一般体 (1)一般现在时 ①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或叙述现在的状态。常用的时间状语有always、usually、often、sometimes、 seldom、every day/week/month/year、now and then、 from time to time、once a week、 at times等 ②表示客观事实、真理、格言、警句或者自然现象等 ③表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为,只限于go、come、leave、start、stop、arrive等表示动作趋向性或移动意义的词 ④在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。引导此类从句的词有 when、 as、while、before、 after、 until、as soon as、the moment、 if、 unless、 once、 as long as、 on condition that等 ⑤以here、there开头的句子,动词用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态 He plays basketball every day. 他每天都打篮球。 The film starts at two o’clock. 电影两点钟开始。 The earth goes round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll probably find a solution that suits everyone. 如果你从各个方面考虑问题，你可能会找到一个适合所有人的解决方案。 Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 (2)一般过去时 ①表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常用yesterday、last year、the other day 等作时间状语 ②时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。 ③在want、wonder、think、hope等少数几个动词后可用一般过去时表示婉转口气。表达“原以为;本来认为;原希望”等意义 ④It’s time...、I wish...、I’d rather...等结构后面的that分句中以及在假设条件句中,用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反或者表示对将来事实的主观设想 We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候经常在一起玩。 He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。 Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”. 《健身》杂志最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢你的健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。 (3)一般将来时 ① “shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 ②“be going to+动词原形”表示:①现在打算或计划将来要做的事情;②根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。 ③“be to+动词原形”表示:①预先安排好的计划或约定;②说话人的意志、意图、义务、命令等;③注定要发生的事情。 ④“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 We shall be punished if we break the rule. 如果我们违反规定，我们将受到惩罚。 My daughter is going to work next year. 我女儿明年要工作了。 They are to attempt to be the first to circle the Earth non-stop by balloon. 他们将尝试成为第一个乘坐气球不间断绕地球一周的人。 Will you kindly obey the instructions I am about to give? 你愿意服从我即将给出的指示吗？ (4)过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,即过去将来时是“立足过去, 着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。 They said they would give the police their full cooperation. 【拓展】除“should/would+动词原形”外(第一人称通常用should,其他人称通常用would),过去将来时还有以下常见表达方式: was/were going to do, was/were about to do, was/were to do,但是表示过去的某种习惯性动作时,常用would do/used to do。 I had a feeling you were going to have difficulty doing this. 我有预感你做这件事会有困难。 He was about to offer an explanation to the police. 他正要向警方作解释。 2. 进行体 (1)现在进行时 ①表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 ②表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常用的这类动词有go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear等。 ③表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always, constantly, continually等副词连用)。 He is listening to a tape, but he can’t hear it clearly. 他在听磁带，但听不清楚。 He is leaving tomorrow to play his first match. 他明天就要出发参加他的第一场比赛了。 We are always finding new beauties in Shakespeare’s poetry. 我们总是在莎士比亚的诗歌中发现新的美。 (2)过去进行时 ①表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作或者表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten o’clock yesterday等短语连用。 ②过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。 ③过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。 We were playing football at this time yesterday afternoon. 我们总是在莎士比亚的诗歌中发现新的美。 Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 去年我去拜访苏珊时，她已经辞去了高薪的工作，在附近做志愿者。 She was always arguing with him and fighting with him. 她总是和他争论，和他打架。 (3)将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要从将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。 常见的标志性的时间状语有this time tomorrow, from 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m., the day after tomorrow等。 I will be discussing the situation with my colleagues this time tomorrow. 明天这个时候我将和我的同事讨论这个情况。 3. 完成体 (1)现在完成时 ①表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在(甚至到将来)。常与之连用的时间状语有：lately，recently，in the last(past) few days/years，since then，up to now，so far等。 ②表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果。常用的状语有：already，ever，just(刚刚)，yet等。 ③在“最高级+名词”或“It/This is+the+序数词+time”之后的从句中谓语动词常用现在完成时。 I won’t pay you until you have finished this job. 在你完成这项工作之前，我不会付钱给你。 This is the first time I have left my country and set foot on foreign soil. 这是我第一次离开祖国，踏上外国的土地。 【易混辨析】 have gone to 意为“去某地了”，表示此人现在还在那里没有回来。 have been to 意为“去过某地”，表示此人已经回来了。 (2)过去完成时 ①表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。 ②表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语:by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time+句子等。 ③表示“愿望,打算”的动词(如hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend)用于过去完成时,表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 ④在“hardly(scarcely)...when...” “no sooner...than...” 句型中, 主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。 He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.他说他在国外待了3 年了。 I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿) Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 4. 完成进行体 现在完成进行时 ①表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。 ②表示一个近期内一直重复发生、反复进行的动作。 ③现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)常和all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语从句连用。 I have been reading Hemingway’s Farewell to Arms recently.我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。 You’ve been saying that for five years.这话你已经说了五年了。 He has been writing articles to the newspapers since he became a teacher.自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊撰稿。 考点二 动词语态 1.被动语态的构成 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般体 is/am/are done was/were done will/shall be done would/should be done 进行体 is/am/are being done was/were being done 完成体 have/has been done had been done 2.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题 (1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。 The reporters asked the president some questions. →The president was asked some questions by the reporters. →Some questions were asked the president by the reporters. (2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。 I heard him say good-bye to his friends. →He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. (3)动词短语变被动语态时,勿掉“尾巴”。 This dictionary must be taken good care of. (4)情态动词,be going to, be to, be sure to等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。 This book may not be taken out of the reading room. (5)“get+过去分词”构成的表示被动的短语get paid/lost/hurt等。 They get paid twice as much as I do, but the job is exactly the same as mine. No matter how well you know Paris, it is easy to get lost. 3.主动形式表示被动含义 (1)表示感受、感官的系动词,如feel, sound, taste, look等,后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义,指其本身具有的属性、特征等。 (2)当sell, read, draw, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后有状语(well/easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时,用主动形式表示被动含义。 The music isn’t pleasant to listen to. This kind of radio doesn’t sell well. 考点三 主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Having to change trains is a small inconvenience. 不得不换乘火车多少有些不便。 (2)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，rather than，including，in addition to等时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请参加聚会了。 (3)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 My friend showed me around the small town，which was very attractive. 我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，它非常迷人。 (4)“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加即将在周日举办的聚会。 2. 意义一致原则 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若被看作是集体中的每个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。 The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。 The class are doing an experiment. 全班学生都在做实验。 (2)“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all，some，half，most，the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。 (3)“the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。 (4)a quantity of后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，后接可数名词时，谓语动词用复数。quantities of后无论接可数名词还是接不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。 With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 由于越来越多的森林被毁，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。 (5)“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The number of the students from the north is small. 来自北方的学生人数很少。 (6)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy. 对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。 3. 就近一致原则 就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。 (1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also). ..，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生将出席明天的会议。 (2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 考点一：动词时态 例1.(2024-2025学年天津市河东区普通高中学业水平模拟考试)The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ________ them since. A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen 例2. — Have you ever visited the Oriental Pearl TV Tower? — Yes. When I was at university in Shanghai, I ________ it twice. A. visited B. have visited C. had visited D. would visit 例3. —________ your brother like playing football? — Yes. He usually ________ it with his friends on weekends. A. Is; play B. Does; play C. Is; plays D. Does; plays 1. The Browns ________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand one year ago. A. have been missing B. had been missing C. were missing D. will be missing 2. Ten dollars ________ as much as before, Daddy. Give me more, please. A. doesn’t buy B. don’t buy C. didn’t buy D. isn’t bought 3. It’s the first time this term we ________ an examination after class in the afternoon. A. didn’t have B. haven’t had C. don’t have D. aren’t having 4. — I wonder ________ for the coming festival. — I’m going to buy some flowers to celebrate it. A. what did you do B. what you did C. what will you do D. what you will do 5. That year, Jack sailed to England, where he ________ law for several years and became a lawyer after graduation. A. studied B. was studying C. has studied D. had studied 考点二：动词语态 例1. More shopping centers ________ in our city soon to promote the local economy. A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built 例2. —We planted lots of trees on Tree Planting Day. —That’s quite meaningful. If more trees ________, we’ll have a greener world. A. plant B. are planted C. will plant D. will be planted 例3. Many a new safety rule ________ in schools over the last three years to help create a happier and more secure learning environment. A. has made B. has been made C. have been made D. have mad 1. Sam as well as his team members ________ by Professor Lown for not finishing the task in time. A. is criticized B. are criticized C. was criticized D. were criticized 2. “The disease ________ effectively across the city so far,” the official said at the news conference. A. has been controlled B. has controlled C. will be controlled D. is being controlled 3. Lao She’s play Tea House ________ into at least ten different films over the past 10 years. A. had been made B. has been made C. would be made D. was made 4. This online course _________, but you can still access and use the original version. A. has updated B. had updated C. has been updated D. had been updated 5. Everyone is good at something, and if your focus ________ to that talent over the course of years, amazing things will be done. A. gives B. is given C. gave D. was given 考点三：主谓一致 例1.(2025年四川省高等职业教育单独考试招生文化素质考试)Frank, a highly respected professor and my friend, ________ invited to the international conference last year. A. are B. is C. were D. was 例2. Every boy and every girl ________ pleased when they saw Shenzhou XV, with Fei Junlong, one of the most expert Chinese astronaut, to carry out the flight mission, was sent up to space. A. is B. was C. are D. were 例3. I’m very busy now. Either you or he ________ going to have a meeting instead of me. A. was B. is C. are D. were 1. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and children, ________ visit Beijing this summer. A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to 2. Currently, jogging, as well as cycling and swimming, ________ as one of the most beneficial forms of exercise. A. is regarded B. regard C. are regarded D. regards 3. Nowadays, huge quantities of information, whether true or false, ________ on the Internet as a result of the advanced technology. A. is found B. are found C. has found D. have found 4. Large quantities of information gathered from extensive’ research studies ________ valuable insights into the trends affecting global health outcomes. A. provide B. has been providing C. provides D. is providing 5. Mr. Smith, as well as his wife ________ the online shopping experience in China since he moved back to New Zealand two years ago. A. has been missing B. were missing C. have been missing D. will be missing 一、单项选择 1. That old car of my father's ________ constantly ________ down. We should really consider buying a new one. A. is...breaking B. /...breaks C. has...broken D. was...breaking 2. I can’t join you for the game tonight. My cousin ________ from the UK, and we’re going to have a family dinner. A. arrives B. is arriving C. arrived D. has arrived 3. I ________ this, but the reality for me has been very different. A. used to believe B. am used to believe C. am used to believing D. used to believing 4. He ________ his blog, ________ about his travels, and ________with his online friends when his computer crashed. A. updated... wrote... chatted B. was updating... writing... chatting C. was updating... was writing... was chatting D. updated... was writing... chatted 5. Mr. Crossett was made ________ his teaching because of his poor health and old age. A. give up B. give in C. to give up D. to give in 6. The new method Mr. Wang ________ to ________ effective. A. has been devoting; is proved B. has been devoting; proving C. has been devoted; being proved D. has been devoted; proves 7. Either the detailed explanation in the textbook or the teacher’s examples in class ________ helpful for understanding ________ a noun clause functions. A. is; how B. are; how C. is; what D. are; what 8. With more forests being destroyed in that area, a quantity of land ________ deserts each year. A. has been turned into B. have been turned into C. is being turned into D. are being turned into 9. This pen ________ smoothly. A. write B. writes C. is written D. wrote 10. — What do you think of his talk on Information Technology? — Oh, excellent. It’s worth ________. A. listening to B. being listened to C. listening D. to be listened to 二、单句语法填空 1. Not knowing where I’m going ________(be) what inspires me to travel. 2. These means of travel ________(be) popular among the young people. 3. Not just you but he ________(like) the country music very much. 4. The flowers in the garden ________(smell) sweet after the rain. 5. The new system, which our engineers have been testing for several months, is expected to reduce energy consumption by 20 percent once it ________(put) into operation. 6. The letter was written in such a hurry that several spelling mistakes can still be found even after it ________(check) twice by the editor. 7. The old building ________(repair) now, so it’s not open to visitors. You have to come next month. 8. He ________(not finish) the project yet, but he will soon. 9. ________ you ever ________(visit) the Great Wall? It is a famous tourist attraction. 10. She ________(arrive) at the airport early, and then ________(wait) for her friend. 一、阅读理解 A Writing Competitions 2025 The Caledonia Novel Award The award is for the best novel manuscript(原稿). All entries must be original manuscripts at least 50,000 words long by unpublished writers. The first prize is £1,500. There is a special prize of a free place on a creative writing course at Moniack Mhor Centre, the sponsor of the competition. The entry fee is £28. A number of sponsored places are available for writers on low incomes. The closing date is 31 May. Website: https://thecnaward.com/submit The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers Award The DRF Writers Award invites submissions of 15,000-20,000 words of a work in progress, which may be fiction or non-fiction. Writers must not previously have published any work. The winner will receive £10,000 and two shortlisted writers will receive £1,000. The closing date is 31 May. Website: https://www.drf.org/enter Imagine 2100 Climate Fiction Competition Writers are invited to “envision(展望) a future where humanity overcomes the climate crisis and builds a more sustainable world.” Your story can be set sometime between the near future and the year 2100. Stories should be unpublished, between 2,500-5,000 words. Entry is free, with the first prize of £3,000. The winning stories will be published on the competition’s website. The deadline is 24 June. Website: https://climatefiction.org/submit New Writers Flash Fiction Competition New Writers is inviting entries of short fiction on any theme up to 300 words. The first prize is £1,100. The winning entries will be published on the New Writers website. All entries must be original and unpublished. There is an entry fee of £10. £1 from each entry will be donated to First Story, the creative writing charity for young people. A limited number of free entries are available for low-income writers. The closing date is 31 March. Website: https://newwriters.net/compete 1. How many words are required for the entries to the competition sponsored by Moniack Mhor Centre? A. Up to 300. B. 2,500 to 5,000. C. 15,000 to 20,000. D. At least 50,000. 2. The DRF Writers Award differs from the other competitions in that________. A. it awards money prizes B. it offers a free writing course C. it accepts non-fiction entries D. it publishes winning stories online 3. Which competition involves donation to young writers? A. The Caledonia Novel Award. B. New Writers Flash Fiction Competition. C. Imagine 2100 Climate Fiction Competition. D. The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers Award. 4. What do the four competitions have in common? A. Entries must not be previously published. B. They all fund low-income writers. C. All competitions are entry free. D. Participants should write on particular themes. B Chinese Nobel Prize-winning physicist Zhen Ning Yang, one of the most influential scientists in modern physics, passed away in Beijing on October 18 due to illness at the age of 103. Born in 1922, Yang was brought up surrounded by the Tsinghua campus, where his father was a math professor. After finishing his undergraduate degree, he obtained his master’s degree from Tsinghua. He enrolled in the University of Chicago in the United States to pursue a doctorate in 1946 and was strongly influenced by Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi, who had won the same Nobel Prize in 1938. He later became a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Yang won the Nobel Prize in 1957 with Tsung-Dao Lee for their investigation of the so-called parity laws that led to “important discoveries regarding the elementary particles,” according to the Nobel Prize website. They were the first Chinese-born Nobel Prize winners in physics. Professor Yang was deeply devoted to his homeland, making remarkable contributions to China’s scientific and educational developments. His visit to China in 1971 led to a wave of visits by overseas scholars, earning him recognition as the pioneer in building the bridge of academic exchange between China and the United States. He later proposed the restoration and strengthening of basic scientific research to China’s central leadership. He also raised funds to establish the “Committee on Educational Exchange with China”, which has continuously sponsored nearly 100Chinese scholars for advanced studies in the United States. These scholars later became the backbone of China’ s scientific and technological development. He undertook extensive work to promote China’s scientific and technological exchange and progress, offering advice and exercising significant influence on major Chinese scientific projects and the formulation (制定) of science and education policies. After returning to Tsinghua University in 1999, he took on developing the Institute for Advanced Study as his new mission. He poured enormous effort into advancing fundamental disciplines like physics and cultivating talents at Tsinghua, making remarkable contributions that greatly impacted the reform and development of Chinese higher education. Professor Yang’s life stands as a timeless chapter in human history — one that shines not only for China but for the global community of thinkers and innovators. 5. What is the article mainly about? A. Yang’s lifelong contributions to China. B. Yang’s research on elementary particles. C. Yang’s influence on global science policy. D. Yang’s educational background in America. 6. Why was Yang’s 1971 visit significant? A. It focused on political dialogue. B. It promoted cultural activities in China. C. It aimed to win a Nobel Prize for China. D. It initiated academic exchanges with the US. 7. What did Yang do for Chinese scholars? A. He funded their advanced studies abroad. B. He helped them win international awards. C. He taught them advanced physics personally. D. He offered them jobs in American universities. 8. How does the author view Yang’s contributions? A. It is primarily for Chinese scientists. B. It belongs to the whole world. C. It lies in his Nobel Prize achievement. D. It is mainly about educational reform. C One of the best parts of being a parent has to be watching children discover the world around them. “What’s that in your hand? Is it — a ball? Do you think it will roll down this hill?” you might ask your kid. Then you get to enjoy their shouts of delight as they explore just that. Yet over time parents may find that their child is becoming less curious about science. Why does this shift happen? There are, of course, a number of different factors at play, but according to a recent study, this loss of interest may be partly the result of subtle(微妙的) language cues children hear. When talking to children, many adults might say things like “Let’s be scientists today!” (to promote curiosity) or “You’re such a good scientist!” (to praise a child). But this kind of language, which focuses on science as an identity rather than a set of activities and actions that people do, can be demotivating. One study showed that kids as young as four persisted longer when their cue to participate in science activities was “Let’s do science” rather than “Let’s be scientists.” But it’s also true that during adolescence, kids are actively trying on and ultimately forming different identities for themselves. So in contrast to its demotivating effects on young children, identity focused language may help teens stay interested in science. In one study, cueing a future identity based on science (such as “scientist” or “doctor”) motivated middle schoolers to do more homework and was associated with higher grades. That might be because if teens think of themselves as scientists, then they are willing to do what it takes to be the person they want to become. Focusing on these actions when children are young might help them persist in hard tasks or lessons. But as older children gain experience in these areas and start forming ideas of whom they want to become, emphasizing future science-dependent identities might also be helpful in maintaining an interest in science. How these two versions of subtle language cues might work together has yet to be tested. Perhaps this research could be done by your future scientist. 9. How do parents motivate their child’s curiosity about science? A. By playing ball games. B. By keeping them company. C. By giving language cues. D. By encouraging them to reply. 10. In which sentence, “at play” means the same with the underlined one? A. This time curiosity is at play. B. Unlucky in love, lucky at play. C. The toy reminds us of when we were at play. D. Pause and smell a rose or watch children at play. 11. What determines the effectiveness of language hints according to the research? A. Language focus and kids’ age group. B. Language diversity and kids’ grades. C. Adults’ motivation and kids’ interest. D. Adults’ identities and kids’ willingness. 12. Which column is this text probably taken from? A. Environment. B. Parenting. C. Health. D. Lifestyle. D Like many people I know, I decided about a month ago to get a new iPhone. My old iPhone’s fancy features were now weak and barely working. Its battery was a joke. I went off to the Verizon store. I made an appointment and was told it would be quick. But it wasn’t quick at all. The sales representative’s explanation of pricing and plans lasted longer than many of my lectures. It was 10 times as hard to follow. I placed my order anyway. Three days later, when I went back to trade in my old, slow phone for the new one, the data transfer (传输) that was supposed to take 60 minutes took over three hours. Then I spent days sending text messages and emails to the sales representative to fix all the problems. Ah, the paradoxes(矛盾) of progress. More conveniences also bring more and more inconveniences. You must download this. You must upload that. You must take a photo. You must change this setting and then that setting, and have you updated the app? Update the app! Because then you’ll be able to customize your experience even further, provided you have the time and patience to educate yourself on the infinite customizations. Yes, I’m old, and younger people are better at using all the different parts of our wireless technology. Old people and technology go together like peanut butter and sardines(沙丁鱼) — they just don’t match well. But it’s also true that people from all generations — baby boomers, Gen X, millennials, and Gen Z — all struggle with lots of things like inputs, outputs, passwords, QR codes, and reminders that didn’t exist 25 years ago. Those tech annoyances accompany innovations that undeniably streamline a range of experiences — calling a ride, plotting a route, buying a movie or concert ticket, checking in for a flight — to a degree that I wouldn’t be foolish enough to wish away. But the innovations seldom live up fully to their promises of ease and speed, and they introduce complications and imperfections all their own. 13. Why did the author decide to buy a new iPhone? A. He needed a new phone for work. B. He was influenced by friends to upgrade. C. His old iPhone had failing features and a poor battery. D. He was offered a special discount at the Verizon store. 14. Which of the following can best describe the author’s experience at the Verizon store? A. Enjoyable and user-friendly. B. Quick but disappointing. C. Confusing and time-consuming. D. Necessary but boring. 15. What does the author think of modern technology? A. It makes life simpler but also more complicated. B. It is mainly beneficial to younger generations. C. It has removed many inconveniences. D. It is too expensive for most people. 16. What can be inferred about the author from the last paragraph? A. He is completely satisfied with technological innovations. B. He wishes these technological innovations will disappear. C. He believes technological innovations bring more problems than solutions. D. He acknowledges the benefits of technology but also highlights its limitations. 二、完形填空 During my college years in Bangalore, our days were filled with simple pleasures. One weekend, my friend Bella and I decided to 1 the Rex Theatre on Brigade Road. I can’t remember the name of the film, but I do 2 the noisy and shaky ride in a three-wheeled vehicle. That afternoon, Brigade Road was in 3 — bikes, cars, buses, and people flowing across the streets. We 4 at the theatre, and I stepped onto the road. Suddenly, I 5 . My right leg might have given way. I found myself on the side of the road, my foot twisted in pain. In India, any event, however small, tends to attract an 6 . People gathered around curiously. Bella tried to 7 a vehicle, but drivers 8 one after another. We sat alone among a sea of strangers, with me in pain, Bella feeling 9 . Then, a young man 10 forward from the crowd. He 11 beside me and asked about my pain, gentle and soft-spoken. He then managed to 12 a passing taxi. He helped me in, and 13 “take care” before disappearing into the crowd. A short while later, I was home and spent the rest of the week recovering from my injury. My pain faded, but the man’s kind 14 has stayed with me. It 15 me that in a fast-moving world, we can still find the best of humanity in simple acts of care — in those who pause to notice and help, leaving warmth that lasts forever. 1. A. visit B. build C. decorate D. leave 2. A. forget B. regret C. ignore D. recall 3. A. silence B. chaos C. repair D. order 4. A. cut down B. got off C. broke down D. met up 5. A. collapsed B. fled C. hesitated D. waved 6. A. audience B. ambulance C. accident D. alarm 7. A. drive B. buy C. find D. offer 8. A. pushed B. welcomed C. refused D. thanked 9. A. excited B. powerless C. content D. proud 10. A. stepped B. looked C. fell D. sent 11. A. jumped B. knelt C. slipped D. lay 12. A. collect B. crash C. stop D. design 13. A. whispered B. shouted C. wrote D. added 14. A. trick B. status C. gesture D. donation 15. A. shocks B. fails C. warns D. reminds 三、语法填空 In recent years, various countries have explored approaches to developing clean energy in Antarctica, 1 solar and wind energy being the primary focus. 2 , the extreme conditions and shortage of technologies make it tough for solar and wind power generation equipment to maintain stable and efficient operation. Recently, a clean energy system 3 (tailor) for polar conditions has been put into operation in China’s Qinling station in Antarctica. This is a big achievement because it 4 (great) lowers the station’ s need for fossil fuels and its possible harm to the environment. The breakthrough means China has become the first country 5 (achieve) the large-scale operation of a clean energy system under extreme Antarctic conditions. According to the lead scientist, Sun Hongbin, 56, this project marks a major advance in China’s efforts to explore green energy solutions in polar regions. Since the launch of the system on March 1, it 6 (replace) traditional diesel(柴油) power sources, 7 (provide) uninterrupted zero-carbon power for the research equipment and essential living facilities at Qinling station, which was established in February last year as China’s 8 (five) Antarctic research station. Solar and wind power now provide about 60 percent of the total energy that the system can produce. In situations 9 there isn’t enough wind or sun, hydrogen that has been stored can be used to provide extra power. Sun stressed the primary challenges in ensuring the 10 (stable) and safety of the equipment. Still, he hopes to establish a 20,000-square-meter Antarctic extreme environment simulation laboratory in Shanxi to enhance future research. 四、应用文写作 WANTED! SENIOR EDITOR Requirements: Must have 10 years of English-learning experience, good writing skills and communication skills. Job details: Work 8 hours a week, communicate with the reporter, check the articles and design the pages. For information: Contact the editor-in-chief at 612-789-0044 or editorinchief@163.com 1. 自荐； 2. 请求面试机会。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Editor-in-chief, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $