专题09 名词性从句（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，全国通用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题09 名词性从句 ( 目录 学考要求速览 ................................................................................................................1 必备知识梳理 ................................................................................................................1 高频考点精讲 ................................................................................................................7 进阶分级练 ..................................................................................................................13 ) 核心知识掌握要求：高考明确要求考生系统掌握名词性从句的四类基本类型及用法 —— 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句需熟练运用，同位语从句需理解基本规则。核心考点聚焦连接词的辨析与运用，包括 that（无意义不充当成分）、what（表 “…… 的” 且作成分）、whether/if（表 “是否”）及 wh - 系列连接词（who/why/how 等）的区别，同时需掌握句子语序、否定前移、时态呼应等规则，以及名词性从句与定语从句、状语从句的界限划分。例如 that 在主语从句、表语从句中不可省略，而宾语从句中可省略；what 在从句中必作主语、宾语等成分，这是高频考查的易混点。 命题形式与考查侧重：考查主要分布在语法填空、短文改错两大题型，写作中也常需运用以提升表达准确性。从命题规律看，宾语从句考查频率最高（10 年 17 考），其次是表语从句、主语从句，同位语从句考查相对较少，但均以连接词选择为核心设问方向。近五年真题显示，what 的用法考查最频繁（5 年 5 考），who、how、why 等连接词的考查累计达 7 次，且命题均融入具体语境，要求结合上下文判断从句类型与逻辑关系，而非单纯考查语法结构。 语境运用与细节规范：高考强调名词性从句在语境中的实际运用能力，如语法填空中需根据从句成分缺失情况选择连接词（缺主语用 what，缺状语用 how），短文改错中常涉及 that 多余、whether 与 if 误用等问题。同时注重固定句型与细节规范，如主语从句常用 it 作形式主语的句型（It is obvious that...）、表语从句的固定结构（The reason is that...），以及宾语从句的时态呼应原则（主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态，客观真理除外）。这些要求既考查基础语法知识，更侧重考生在语篇中准确运用从句的综合能力。 知识点一　主语从句 主语从句：在句中充当主语 主语从句可位于句首，也可借助 “it” 作形式主语，将真正主语从句后置（避免句子头重脚轻）。 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 that 不作任何成分(也没有词汇意义) That he will come to our village tomorrow surprises us all. 他明天来我们村，让我们都很惊讶。 whether 不作任何成分(意为是否) Whether we can have clean drinking water depends on what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution. 我们是否有干净的水喝，取决于政府关于水污染采取什么有效措施。 续表 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 what/whatever，who/whoever 主语、宾语、表语 Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事，就值得做好。 Whoever is in a hurry shows that the thing he is about is too big for him. 不管是谁，匆匆忙忙只能说明他不足以胜任他所从事的工作。 when，where，how，why 状语 How he became rich overnight is still a puzzle. 他是如何一夜暴富仍然是一个谜。 Where we will go for the holiday is being discussed at the class meeting. 我们正在班会上讨论将去哪里度假。 which/whichever＋名词，whose 定语 Which group did the best job will be decided after the match. 哪一个小组做得最好，比赛后才能决定。 Whose speech is popular depends on the reflection from the audience. 谁的演讲最受欢迎，取决于听众的反应。 知识点二　宾语从句 宾语从句：在句中充当宾语（常跟在动词、介词后） 1.动词后的宾语从句：常见动词有 say, think, believe, know, wonder, decide 等。 例句 1：She told me that she would study abroad next year.（她告诉我她明年要出国留学。）（that 可省略） 例句 2：I wonder if/whether he will call me tonight.（我想知道他今晚是否会给我打电话。）（表 “是否” 可用 if/whether，无区别） 例句 3：He doesn’t know what he should do next.（他不知道接下来该做什么。）（what 在从句中作宾语） 2.介词后的宾语从句：常见介词有 about, of, on, in 等，此时不可用 if，需用 whether；that 不可省略。 例句 1：We are talking about whether we should change our plan.（我们正在讨论是否应该改变计划。）（不可用 if） 例句 2：I have no idea of what he is doing now.（我不知道他现在在做什么。） 例句 3：She is confident in that she can pass the exam.（她有信心能通过考试。）（that 不可省略） 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 that 不作任何成分(也没有词汇意义) I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort. 我可以说成功要靠三件事才能赢得：努力，努力，再努力。 if/whether 不作任何成分(意为“是否”) My question lies in whether we can get the money. 我的问题是我们是否能得到那笔资金。 what/whatever，who/whoever 主语、宾语、表语 Please do what I told you. 请你按照我说的去做。 Can I speak to whoever is in charge of the company? 我可以和公司负责人谈一下吗？ when，where，how，why 状语 The authority doesn't tell when the registration will start online. 官方并没有透露何时开始在线注册。 The management still have not decided on where we will hold the meeting. 管理层仍未决定我们在哪里举行会议。 续表 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 which/ whichever，whose 定语 I told him he could choose whichever seat he likes in our meeting room. 我告诉他，他可以在我们会议室选择任何一个他喜欢的座位。 I don't know whose exercise book it is, so I can't tell which student doesn't hand in his homework. 我不知道这是谁的作业本，所以不能断定哪个学生没有交作业。 知识点三　表语从句 表语从句：在句中充当表语 表语从句跟在系动词后（常见系动词：be, look, seem, become, turn 等），表语从句的引导词用法与主语从句基本一致，需注意两点：① 表 “是否” 时用 whether，不用 if；② 常用固定句型 “this is why…（这就是…… 的原因）”“the reason is that…（原因是……）”。 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 that 不作任何成分(也没有词汇意义) The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imagination. 世界的悲剧就在于有想象力的人缺乏经验，而有经验的人缺乏想象力。 续表 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 whether 不作任何成分(意为“是否”) My question is whether they will support the plan. 我的问题是他们是否会支持这个计划。 what/whatever，which，who 主语、宾语、表语 Experience is what you get when you don't get what you want. 经验是当你没得到想得到之物时所得到的东西。 The question is who will offer to help. 问题是谁愿意主动提供帮助。 when，where，how，why 状语 This is why he didn't attend the class the other day. 这就是为什么他前几天没有来上课的原因。 The question is when he can arrive the hotel. 问题是他什么时候能到达宾馆。 which/whichever，whose 定语 What concerns parents most is which activity benefits the children most. 家长关注的是哪种活动对孩子们最有益。 The issue is whose design is popular with most students. 问题是谁的设计最受学生欢迎。 注意：because, as if/as though 也能引导表语从句。 知识点四　同位语从句 同位语从句：在名词后作同位语，解释说明该名词的具体内容（常见名词：fact, news, idea, plan, suggestion, truth, doubt 等） 引导词特点：① 常用 that 引导，that 无实际含义，不充当成分，不可省略；② 表 “是否” 时用 whether，不用 if；③ 连接副词 when/where/why 可引导，需结合名词含义选择（如 news 后可用 when/where，doubt 后可用 whether）。 例句： The news that our team won the game made everyone excited.（我们队赢了比赛的消息让所有人都很兴奋。）（that 解释 news 的内容，不可省略） I have a doubt whether he will keep his promise.（我怀疑他是否会遵守承诺。）（doubt 后用 whether，表 “不确定”） He put forward a suggestion that we should hold a charity sale.（他提出了一个建议：我们应该举办一场义卖。）（that 解释 suggestion 的内容） Do you remember the day when we visited the museum together?（你还记得我们一起参观博物馆的那一天吗？）（when 引导同位语从句，解释 day 的具体时间） 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 that 不作任何成分(也没有词汇意义) The news that he won the Nobel Prize spread quickly. 他获得诺贝尔奖的消息迅速传开。 续表 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 whether 不作任何成分(意为“是否”) I have no idea whether he graduated from university. 我不知道他是否大学毕业了。 what 主语、宾语、表语 I have no idea what they did with themselves last Sunday. 我不知道上周日他们如何度过的。 续表 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 when/where/how/why 状语 I have no idea when they are asked to hand in their papers. 我不知道他们被要求什么时候交论文。 注意：同位语从句前面的名词往往是表示事实的抽象名词，说明这些名词的内容。 belief 信念 hope 希望 news 消息 advice 建议 idea 想法 order 命令 doubt 怀疑 fact 事实 possibility 可能性 wish 愿望 promise 诺言 thought 想法 考点一：主语从句 例1.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out－of－this－world scenes. 例2．(2020·江苏高考)It is not a problem ________ we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. 例3． exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 1． does not kill you will make you stronger! Huawei withstood strict sanctions from the US government, and now is able to produce its own 5G phones. 2．It is well-known the Chinese invented the compass. 3． this trend suggests is that people’s shift to remote work contributes to the slow rebound of the senior housing market. 4．How can you figure out whether to avoid or to face up to your feelings? Dr. Kross, an emotion researcher, suggested asking yourself, “Is I’m doing making me feel better about the problem in front of me?” 考点二：宾语从句 例1．The teacher makes it a rule no one is allowed to use mobile phones in class. 例2．AI learns from our habits to help us find we want and like. 例3．I have seen vigorously they grow without me. 1．I don’t know he will come not. 2．This will allow you to see genres (类型) work for your group. 3．People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure it will happen .But do see it say that they will never forget it. 4．An entrepreneur can determine other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. 5．He remembers when he wanted to take a bath, he had to heat the water up with firewood and then transport the water in a bucket to the bathtub. 考点三：表语从句 例1．I will attend an important meeting, and this is I can’t go to the bookstore with you. 例2．What we can say is that this is the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it’s not just one pattern. 例3．What struck me deeply was English surrounded me once more, a persistent reflection of the familiarity I didn’t realize I’d grown tired of. 1．My suggestion is you should do more practice in the morning to promote your spoken English. 2．My first term of college had passed at last and I got straight A’s. That’s I want to share my story—to help other students feel less lonely. 3．My opinion is teenage years are totally magical and I’d like to be a teenager forever. 4．That’s most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like. 5．The reason for his absence at the meeting was he didn’t catch the first bus. 考点四：同位语从句 例1．The story also supports the idea the ball game was sometimes used for the purposes of divination. 例2．The teacher gave us a suggestion we should practice writing an English essay regularly to improve our skills. 例3．There is a general belief sitting for a long time does damage to our health. 1．So many of us have the belief being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, . . . 2．There is little doubt China has presented to the world a successful and powerful country. 3．There is still some doubt the autumn sports meet will be held in our school. 4．People used to hold the belief the earth was the center of the universe. 5．I have no idea she will come or not. 一、单项选择 1．The reason why he was late is ______ his bike broke down on the way. A．because B．that C．for D．as 2．He asked me ________ I was reading at that time. A．that B．what C．where D．when 3．I don’t understand ______ you said just now. A．that B．what C．which D．how 4．I want to know ________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. A．that B．when C．whether D．where 5．________ is known to us all is that the 2024 Olympics will be held in Paris. A．It B．What C．As D．Which 6．Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety. A．how B．what C．why D．which 7．She said ________ she would go to Beijing the next day. A．that B．what C．if D．where 8．________he managed to finish the marathon inspired his classmates to push their limits in sports. A．What B．That C．Whether D．When 9．The group of dancers discussed ________ they should do next to improve their performance. A．that B．what C．which D．whether 10．Martin saved a woman from a burning house last week. That was ________ he was praised and awarded a prize at the presentation yesterday. A．why B．what C．because D．how 11．She ________ her homework when the power was off and that was ________ she was so angry. A．is doing; because B．was doing; because C．was doing; why D．is doing; why 12．The reason why he made such great progress is ______ he always kept an open mind to new ideas. A．because B．why C．that D．when 13．With his continuous efforts, he got super high grades. That was ________ he was admitted into Shenzhen Experimental School. A．why B．because C．when D．what 14．When talking about her English learning experience, Mary said, “Practicing every day is __________ my teacher has told me — it’s the key to improving language skills.” A．how B．which C．what D．when 15．When we fight for our goals, we will be devoted to ________ we are doing and try to improve ourselves. A．Whom B．that C．what D．when 二、单句语法填空 1．(2020·天津高考)The student completed this experiment to make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said. 2．(2020·浙江高考)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 4．(2019·北京高考)What students do at college seems to matter much more than ________ they go. 5．(2018·北京高考)Without his support, we wouldn't be ________ we are now. 6．(2018·北京高考)This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 7．(2018·天津高考)The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race. 8．(2018·江苏高考)By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived. 一、阅读理解 A London is a city always under construction and its architecture varies greatly between old and new. Whether you’re an architecture enthusiast or a casual visitor, London has lots of cool buildings to offer. Here are some of the best examples: Houses of Parliament Situated on the bank of the Thames, the building was designed by architect Sir Charles Barry and completed in 1834. It’s connected to the Elizabeth Tower, which houses Big Ben. Guided tours are available, with options for families with young kids. Tours are available on select dates, so check online in advance before visiting. National Theatre Designed by Sir Denys Lasdun and Peter Softley, National Theatre is one of London’s best places to enjoy concerts and plays. It contains three different theaters and has become a must-go destination for visitors since its completion in 1963. The concerts and plays can be extremely popular, with tickets selling out far in advance, so be sure to book seats ahead of your visit. The Shard The Shard stands 95 stories over London. It was designed by Italian architect Renzo Piano and completed in 2012. It contains offices, restaurants and bars, the Shangri-La Hotel and a public viewing gallery. The viewing platform, which offers 360-degree views, can be found on floors 68, 69 and 72, and is London’s highest viewing gallery. Be sure to book a timed ticket in advance when visiting. Royal Albert Hall Completed in 1871, the concert hall is also home to the annual BAFTA Awards. It has a long history of famous performances, from hosting the Titanic Band Memorial Concert in 1912 to being the site of Adele’s performance in 2011. Many concerts take place here every week, so there is no need to book tickets online in advance. 1．Which of the following has the longest history? A．Houses of Parliament. B．National Theatre. C．The Shard. D．Royal Albert Hall. 2．What do National Theatre and Royal Albert Hall have in common? A．They both require early booking. B．They were both designed by the same architects. C．They are both especially attractive to music lovers. D．They were both built in the first half of the same century. 3．What’s the text mainly intended to introduce? A．Some must-go travel destinations in London. B．Some of the coolest buildings in London. C．Amazing scenery London has in store for visitors. D．Comparisons between London’s old and new buildings. B Chen Mei, a 32-year-old community worker in Guangzhou, has been helping elderly residents learn to use smartphones for 4 years. Many old people in her community used to feel “left out” because they couldn’t order takeout, pay bills online, or video-call their grandchildren — all of which require smartphone skills. To solve this problem, Chen started a “Smartphone Class” in 2020. Every Saturday morning, she meets with 15-20 elderly people in the community center. She teaches them simple skills first: how to unlock the phone, how to open WeChat, and how to send voice messages. Later, she moves to more useful skills, like ordering groceries on JD Daojia or checking medical appointment results on the hospital’s app. Chen’s classes are popular. Mrs. Li, 78, said, “Before, I had to ask my son to pay my electricity bill every month. Now I can do it myself! I even video-call my granddaughter in Beijing every weekend.” To make it easier for the elderly to remember, Chen writes down step-by-step instructions on large cards — she knows their eyesight isn’t as good as young people’s. Last year, Chen’s work was recognized by the local government. She received a “Community Service Star” award, but she said, “The real reward is seeing the elders smile when they can use the phone on their own. That’s why I keep doing this.” 4．How long has Chen Mei been helping the elderly learn to use smartphones? A．2 years B．3 years C．4 years D．5 years 5．Why did many elderly people feel “left out” according to Paragraph 1? A．They had no one to talk to. B．They couldn’t use smartphones. C．They didn’t have family members. D．They couldn’t go out of their homes. 6．What does Chen Mei do to help the elderly remember the skills? A．She gives them new smartphones. B．She asks their children to join the class. C．She writes instructions on large cards. D．She records videos for them to watch. 7．The underlined word “recognized” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A．praised and rewarded B．doubted and questioned C．forgotten and ignored D．refused and rejected 8．What can we learn from Chen Mei’s story? A．Community work is boring. B．Helping others brings happiness. C．Elderly people don’t need smartphones. D．Only young people can use smartphones. C Wayfinding —the art of navigating using the wind, stars, ocean swells, and other environmental cues —was how sailors from the Marquesas Islands first discovered Hawaii more than 1500 years ago. These skills are helping to restore a sense of pride in Pacific Island culture and heritage. But beyond that, wayfinding holds surprising relevance for the rest of us landlubbing urbanites (从未出过海的城里人), even if we have no intention of crossing vast oceans in a canoe. Wayfinding is how humans have found their way for most of our existence. It’s what enabled the aboriginals, Arab nomads and Inuits to journey across monotonous (单调的) yet shifting landscapes of land, desert, and ice. Traditional navigation is about “using everything that’s provided to you in nature”, says Junior Coleman, who oversees sailing and seamanship in his own company. “We use all the elements and forces in nature —the sun, stars, moon, waves, currents, clouds and different animals. All of those.” One of Coleman’s favorite cues, for instance, is the North Star. “It’s very reliable when you sail north of the equator. As you go towards it, it appears to get higher in the sky, so it kind of corresponds with your latitude (纬度). Another cue is ocean swells —waves formed by permanent weather systems, such as trade winds, that can travel hundreds of miles. Subtle changes in their refraction (折射) patterns can indicate an island and its location. But learning to “read” such swells is one of the hardest skills to master—navigators often speak of lying down on their canoes to feel, rather than see, such waves. Coleman encourages everyone to give natural navigation a go, “I promise you, the brain just loves it,” he says, “there’s almost no other art that I can think of where you can exercise your brain in a fantastically positive way.” 9．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To put forward an argument. B．To describe a historical fact. C．To make readers think deeply. D．To introduce the topic of the text. 10．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A．Junior Coleman succeeded in the journey across desert. B．Traditional navigation has played a vital role throughout. C．Ancient people were good at finding ways in the wild. D．Nature elements provide everything people need in navigation. 11．How to use waves to navigate according to the text? A．By observing the height of the waves. B．By lying down and listening to the waves. C．By noticing certain changes of the waves. D．By following the direction the waves go to. 12．What does Junior Coleman think of natural navigation? A．Potential-inspiring. B．Mind-challenging. C．Time-consuming. D．Logic-strengthening. D New era requires a new vocabulary. Will we still talk about the “mobile” phone when all phones are mobile, or when they are implanted (植入) within us? Technology is everywhere nowadays, especially at work. Some people are really good at using all the cool new tools that keep popping up. They have something called TQ, or technology quotient. It’s like a superpower for understanding the latest tech stuff that our great-grandparents would have found really impossible. Having a high TQ means you’re awesome at using all the cool new things that not everyone knows about yet. The examples are common and becoming more and more frequent. For the parent it might be a home-school video class. For the brand manager it might be search engine boosting. And for the clinician, it might be the role of artificial intelligence in supporting the analysis of a CT scan. TQ attempts to quantify our ability to make sensible use of current technologies and to quickly adapt, embrace and capitalize on future creations. This adoption is critical from a variety of perspectives, from social to business. One trip into the world of ChatGPT and we can see how the dynamics of AI and search are changing for just about everyone. Any Mom or Dad can understand the value of IQ and EQ in projecting the potential for a child’s success. But what about technology? The ability for the child and the teacher to understand, embrace and adopt technology will be a defining aspect of their lives as we speed into the future. We are increasingly defined by technology and our active participation in everything from smart phones to Facebook. It might just be time for the basic human needs of food, water and shelter to incorporate (吸收) technology too. And when that happens, it just might be a good idea to measure it. While this shift brings challenges, it’s unstoppable. As TQ rises, it will combine with IQ and EQ, reshaping how we live, work, and learn — turning adaptability with tech into a measurable edge. 13．What is TQ according to the text? A．Speed of learning new languages. B．Skill of fixing high-tech products. C．Talent to follow modern changes. D．Ability to apply new technologies. 14．Which of the following people has a high TQ? A．A manager who seldom uses modern search engines. B．A doctor who analyzes CT scans with AI assistance. C．A grandparent who finds new tech devices awkward. D．A mom who watches videos of her child’s school life. 15．According to the text, what is the future trend of TQ? A．It will replace the importance of IQ and EQ. B．It will combine with IQ and EQ to reshape our lives. C．It will become a basic human need like food and water. D．It will only be necessary for people working in tech fields. 16．What might be the best title for the passage? A．What Makes TQ the New Intelligence? B．Why Are IQ and EQ Important for TQ? C．Where to Start Adapting to TQ Changes? D．How Has TQ Changed in the Modern Era? 七选五 How Taking Short Vacations Can Improve Your Well-Being at Work Without doubt, the nonstop demands of work and life can be bad for your well-being, exhausting (使筋疲力尽) your physical resources and cognitive (认知的) abilities — and possibly resulting in negative health and performance results. 17 Research shows that vacations improve our physical and mental health while also promoting our performance at work. Perhaps surprisingly, they can even increase the likelihood of receiving a pay raise or promotion. 18 In fact, nearly half of U. S. workers take less time off than their job allows, leaving an average of 9.5 days of paid time off (PTO) on the table, according to a 2023 survey by the Pew Research Center. And for 30 percent of employees, this unused vacation time doesn’t roll over to the next year. 19 taking mini-vacations throughout the year can improve their overall well-being. That means you can just use a long weekend to explore a new small town in your state, go camping in a national park, or do a biking tour of your local wineries. We know that being on vacation feels good and that it’s good for us. 20 Naturally, there is the spend, and the bill involved in long trips — room, board, airfare, rail, sightseeing, everything — can be daunting (使人畏缩的). 21 The Pew survey of over 5,900 U.S. workers found that 49 percent of participants indicated they worried they might fall behind at work if they take more vacation time. No wonder, then, that most people don’t use all their vacation time. And over half (52 percent) of U.S. employees work while on vacation. A．If working hard is the way to earn more bread, B．Even if many workers don’t use all their PTO, C．Taking a real break is important for so many reasons. D．But that doesn’t mean we always use our vacation time. E．So why don’t we choose to take all the time we’ve earned? F．Do you know when people need to take short vacations? G．It also turns out that taking extended time away from the office causes a lot of stress. 二、完形填空 Last month, my class decided to organize a “Book Donation Drive” to help children in a poor village school. Our teacher told us that the village kids had very few books to read, so we wanted to   22 them as many books as possible. First, we made posters and put them up around the school. The posters said, “Bring your old books to Class 8B — we’ll send them to village kids!” At first, only a few students brought books. I was a little 23 , but our teacher said, “Don’t worry. Keep telling people about it. “So we talked to our classmates during break time, and even told our parents and neighbors. A week later, our classroom was filled with books! We had storybooks, picture books, and even some textbooks. 24 , we needed to check every book to make sure it was in good condition. My friend Lily and I checked each book carefully. If there were torn pages, we used tape to fix them; if the covers were dirty, we wiped them with a clean cloth. Some books had notes written in them, but we decided to keep them — maybe the village kids would like seeing the old notes! In the end, we were proud that very 25 books were in too poor condition to be sent. Then, with everyone’s 26 , some passed the books and others arranged them in boxes. Then, we carefully 27 the books into boxes. We also collected some 28 to buy new bookmarks for them. We wrote a letter to the village kids, telling them how much we hoped they would enjoy the books. Our teacher helped us 29 the boxes to the village school. We waited 30 for several weeks. Finally, we 31 a letter from the village school. It said, “Thank you so much for the books and the lovely bookmarks! The kids are so 32 — they read them during break time and even take them home to share with their families. “ Along with the letter, they 33 us some drawings. When we saw the pictures — little kids holding books and smiling — we all felt 34 . We didn’t just give them books; we gave them the joy of reading. This experience 35 me that even small acts of kindness can make a 36 difference. 22．A．sell B．give C．borrow D．buy 23．A．sad B．excited C．angry D．bored 24．A．Then B．But C．Because D．Or 25．A．many B．few C．much D．little 26．A．help B．patience C．surprise D．permission 27．A．placed B．packed C．found D．chose 28．A．food B．money C．books D．toys 29．A．send B．receive C．write D．read 30．A．easily B．patiently C．suddenly D．carelessly 31．A．sent B．received C．wrote D．read 32．A．worried B．sad C．happy D．angry 33．A．drew B．sang C．danced D．sent 34．A．worried B．sad C．satisfied D．happy 35．A．learned B．taught C．asked D．promised 36．A．small B．big C．bad D．good 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese scientists have made the world’s 37 (one) ultra-high parallel optical computing integrated chip (超高并行光计算集成芯片). This chip can reach 38 peak of 2560 TOPS (Tera Operations Per Second) with a 50 GHz optical clock speed. Researchers from the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics designed and made the chip by 39 (they). It has a large bandwidth and low loss, which makes it very 40 (power). One key innovation is using soliton microcomb sources (孤子微梳源), 41 provide over 100 wavelength channels. “We have achieved information interaction and computation with over 100-wavelength multiplexing on one chip, 42 (show) high-density parallel processing,” said Xie, a researcher. Unlike old optical computing that uses one wavelength, this new way uses over 100 light wavelengths 43 (process) data at the same time — boosting computing power by up to 100 times 44 making the chip bigger or changing its frequency. “It’s like turning a single-lane road into a highway that can handle hundreds of cars at the same time, 45 (great) increasing throughput without changing the chip hardware,” said Han, an engineer. This new optical computing design shows great promise for use in artificial intelligence and data 46 (center). 四、书信写作 47．假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Michael对中国文化和旅游兴趣浓厚。你得知名为“Discover China”的旅行团将于今年暑期组织为期两周的深度游。请你用英语写一封电子邮件，向他介绍以下信息并鼓励报名： 1.基本信息 (出发时间、行程城市及特色体验)；          2. 报名方式及截止日期。 注意: 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear Michael, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________     Best wishes,                                                                                                                                                                  Li Hua 五、书面表达 48．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mike and his mother, Sheila, had only recently moved to a new home due to Sheila’s job transfer. Mike’s father had died two years before, so Sheila worked hard to provide for herself and Mike. One day, Mike saw four construction workers when he was on the way home with his mother. The men were repairing a portion of the road near Mike’s house. It was terribly hot, and Mike’s heart went out to the tired workers. That’s when Mike had an idea. He rushed inside, opened the fridge, and grabbed some bottles of lemonade (柠檬水) made by themselves. Then he hurried up to the workers. “Excuse me, sir,” he said in a loud voice. “You look very tired. Please have the lemonade. You will feel better!” The workers paused from their work and exchanged looks, smiling and delighted that the young boy was so kind to them. “Thank you very much, young man,” one of them replied as he accepted the lemonade. “It’s okay,” Mike said with a smile and then waved goodbye to them. From that day on, Mike brought lemonade or water to the workers every day. Soon enough, he became familiar with all of them. One day, when Mike went to offer them water, the workers observed he wasn’t as cheerful as before. They were worried and asked him why he seemed upset. Pouting (嘴) his lips, the boy replied, “My birthday is only two days away and my mother will be caught up with some work that day. We are new here, so I don’t have any friends. I will be alone.” The workers felt bad for Mike, thinking he didn’t deserve to be sad ever — particularly not on his special day-so they came up with a plan. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右; (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The next day, the construction workers decided to wait for Sheila on her way to work. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mike’s birthday came and he was at home alone when suddenly the doorbell rang. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 名词性从句 ( 目录 学考要求速览 ................................................................................................................1 必备知识梳理 ................................................................................................................1 高频考点精讲 ................................................................................................................7 进阶分级练 ..................................................................................................................13 ) 核心知识掌握要求：高考明确要求考生系统掌握名词性从句的四类基本类型及用法 —— 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句需熟练运用，同位语从句需理解基本规则。核心考点聚焦连接词的辨析与运用，包括 that（无意义不充当成分）、what（表 “…… 的” 且作成分）、whether/if（表 “是否”）及 wh - 系列连接词（who/why/how 等）的区别，同时需掌握句子语序、否定前移、时态呼应等规则，以及名词性从句与定语从句、状语从句的界限划分。例如 that 在主语从句、表语从句中不可省略，而宾语从句中可省略；what 在从句中必作主语、宾语等成分，这是高频考查的易混点。 命题形式与考查侧重：考查主要分布在语法填空、短文改错两大题型，写作中也常需运用以提升表达准确性。从命题规律看，宾语从句考查频率最高（10 年 17 考），其次是表语从句、主语从句，同位语从句考查相对较少，但均以连接词选择为核心设问方向。近五年真题显示，what 的用法考查最频繁（5 年 5 考），who、how、why 等连接词的考查累计达 7 次，且命题均融入具体语境，要求结合上下文判断从句类型与逻辑关系，而非单纯考查语法结构。 语境运用与细节规范：高考强调名词性从句在语境中的实际运用能力，如语法填空中需根据从句成分缺失情况选择连接词（缺主语用 what，缺状语用 how），短文改错中常涉及 that 多余、whether 与 if 误用等问题。同时注重固定句型与细节规范，如主语从句常用 it 作形式主语的句型（It is obvious that...）、表语从句的固定结构（The reason is that...），以及宾语从句的时态呼应原则（主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态，客观真理除外）。这些要求既考查基础语法知识，更侧重考生在语篇中准确运用从句的综合能力。 知识点一　主语从句 主语从句：在句中充当主语 主语从句可位于句首，也可借助 “it” 作形式主语，将真正主语从句后置（避免句子头重脚轻）。 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 that 不作任何成分(也没有词汇意义) That he will come to our village tomorrow surprises us all. 他明天来我们村，让我们都很惊讶。 whether 不作任何成分(意为是否) Whether we can have clean drinking water depends on what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution. 我们是否有干净的水喝，取决于政府关于水污染采取什么有效措施。 续表 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 what/whatever，who/whoever 主语、宾语、表语 Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事，就值得做好。 Whoever is in a hurry shows that the thing he is about is too big for him. 不管是谁，匆匆忙忙只能说明他不足以胜任他所从事的工作。 when，where，how，why 状语 How he became rich overnight is still a puzzle. 他是如何一夜暴富仍然是一个谜。 Where we will go for the holiday is being discussed at the class meeting. 我们正在班会上讨论将去哪里度假。 which/whichever＋名词，whose 定语 Which group did the best job will be decided after the match. 哪一个小组做得最好，比赛后才能决定。 Whose speech is popular depends on the reflection from the audience. 谁的演讲最受欢迎，取决于听众的反应。 知识点二　宾语从句 宾语从句：在句中充当宾语（常跟在动词、介词后） 1.动词后的宾语从句：常见动词有 say, think, believe, know, wonder, decide 等。 例句 1：She told me that she would study abroad next year.（她告诉我她明年要出国留学。）（that 可省略） 例句 2：I wonder if/whether he will call me tonight.（我想知道他今晚是否会给我打电话。）（表 “是否” 可用 if/whether，无区别） 例句 3：He doesn’t know what he should do next.（他不知道接下来该做什么。）（what 在从句中作宾语） 2.介词后的宾语从句：常见介词有 about, of, on, in 等，此时不可用 if，需用 whether；that 不可省略。 例句 1：We are talking about whether we should change our plan.（我们正在讨论是否应该改变计划。）（不可用 if） 例句 2：I have no idea of what he is doing now.（我不知道他现在在做什么。） 例句 3：She is confident in that she can pass the exam.（她有信心能通过考试。）（that 不可省略） 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 that 不作任何成分(也没有词汇意义) I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort. 我可以说成功要靠三件事才能赢得：努力，努力，再努力。 if/whether 不作任何成分(意为“是否”) My question lies in whether we can get the money. 我的问题是我们是否能得到那笔资金。 what/whatever，who/whoever 主语、宾语、表语 Please do what I told you. 请你按照我说的去做。 Can I speak to whoever is in charge of the company? 我可以和公司负责人谈一下吗？ when，where，how，why 状语 The authority doesn't tell when the registration will start online. 官方并没有透露何时开始在线注册。 The management still have not decided on where we will hold the meeting. 管理层仍未决定我们在哪里举行会议。 续表 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 which/ whichever，whose 定语 I told him he could choose whichever seat he likes in our meeting room. 我告诉他，他可以在我们会议室选择任何一个他喜欢的座位。 I don't know whose exercise book it is, so I can't tell which student doesn't hand in his homework. 我不知道这是谁的作业本，所以不能断定哪个学生没有交作业。 知识点三　表语从句 表语从句：在句中充当表语 表语从句跟在系动词后（常见系动词：be, look, seem, become, turn 等），表语从句的引导词用法与主语从句基本一致，需注意两点：① 表 “是否” 时用 whether，不用 if；② 常用固定句型 “this is why…（这就是…… 的原因）”“the reason is that…（原因是……）”。 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 that 不作任何成分(也没有词汇意义) The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imagination. 世界的悲剧就在于有想象力的人缺乏经验，而有经验的人缺乏想象力。 续表 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 whether 不作任何成分(意为“是否”) My question is whether they will support the plan. 我的问题是他们是否会支持这个计划。 what/whatever，which，who 主语、宾语、表语 Experience is what you get when you don't get what you want. 经验是当你没得到想得到之物时所得到的东西。 The question is who will offer to help. 问题是谁愿意主动提供帮助。 when，where，how，why 状语 This is why he didn't attend the class the other day. 这就是为什么他前几天没有来上课的原因。 The question is when he can arrive the hotel. 问题是他什么时候能到达宾馆。 which/whichever，whose 定语 What concerns parents most is which activity benefits the children most. 家长关注的是哪种活动对孩子们最有益。 The issue is whose design is popular with most students. 问题是谁的设计最受学生欢迎。 注意：because, as if/as though 也能引导表语从句。 知识点四　同位语从句 同位语从句：在名词后作同位语，解释说明该名词的具体内容（常见名词：fact, news, idea, plan, suggestion, truth, doubt 等） 引导词特点：① 常用 that 引导，that 无实际含义，不充当成分，不可省略；② 表 “是否” 时用 whether，不用 if；③ 连接副词 when/where/why 可引导，需结合名词含义选择（如 news 后可用 when/where，doubt 后可用 whether）。 例句： The news that our team won the game made everyone excited.（我们队赢了比赛的消息让所有人都很兴奋。）（that 解释 news 的内容，不可省略） I have a doubt whether he will keep his promise.（我怀疑他是否会遵守承诺。）（doubt 后用 whether，表 “不确定”） He put forward a suggestion that we should hold a charity sale.（他提出了一个建议：我们应该举办一场义卖。）（that 解释 suggestion 的内容） Do you remember the day when we visited the museum together?（你还记得我们一起参观博物馆的那一天吗？）（when 引导同位语从句，解释 day 的具体时间） 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 that 不作任何成分(也没有词汇意义) The news that he won the Nobel Prize spread quickly. 他获得诺贝尔奖的消息迅速传开。 续表 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 whether 不作任何成分(意为“是否”) I have no idea whether he graduated from university. 我不知道他是否大学毕业了。 what 主语、宾语、表语 I have no idea what they did with themselves last Sunday. 我不知道上周日他们如何度过的。 续表 引导词 在从句中所作成分 例句 when/where/how/why 状语 I have no idea when they are asked to hand in their papers. 我不知道他们被要求什么时候交论文。 注意：同位语从句前面的名词往往是表示事实的抽象名词，说明这些名词的内容。 belief 信念 hope 希望 news 消息 advice 建议 idea 想法 order 命令 doubt 怀疑 fact 事实 possibility 可能性 wish 愿望 promise 诺言 thought 想法 考点一：主语从句 例1.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out－of－this－world scenes. 【答案】What　 【解析】设空处引导主语从句，且引导词在从句中作主语，表示“……的事情”。应用连接代词what，相当于the thing that。 例2．(2020·江苏高考)It is not a problem ________ we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. 【答案】whether　 【解析】句意：我们能否打赢这场战役不是问题；这只是时间的问题。此处为主语从句，it是形式主语，whether表示“能否”，引导的从句是真正的主语。 例3． exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 【答案】When 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：土豆具体于何时传入欧洲尚不确定，但时间很可能是在1565年左右。此空引导主语从句，根据下文“but it was probably around 1565”可知，此处表示“土豆何时被引入欧洲”，用连接副词when引导主语从句，在从句中作时间状语。置于句首，首字母大写。故填When。 1． does not kill you will make you stronger! Huawei withstood strict sanctions from the US government, and now is able to produce its own 5G phones. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：那些杀不死你的，会让你更强大！华为顶住了美国政府的严厉制裁，如今已能自主生产5G手机。“________ does not kill you”为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“…… 的事情”，用连接代词what引导此从句，置于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 2．It is well-known the Chinese invented the compass. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：众所周知，中国人发明了指南针。此处It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，that在从句中不作任何语法成分，只起连接作用。故填that。 3． this trend suggests is that people’s shift to remote work contributes to the slow rebound of the senior housing market. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这一趋势表明，人们转向远程工作，导致老年人住房市场缓慢回升。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作整个句子的主语，主语从句缺少宾语，结合句意可知，该宾语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。 4．How can you figure out whether to avoid or to face up to your feelings? Dr. Kross, an emotion researcher, suggested asking yourself, “Is I’m doing making me feel better about the problem in front of me?” 【答案】what 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你怎么知道是回避还是面对自己的感受呢？情绪研究者克罗斯博士建议问自己：“我正在做的事情是否让我对眼前的问题感觉更好?”空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的事情”，因此用连接代词what引导主语从句。故填what。 考点二：宾语从句 例1．The teacher makes it a rule no one is allowed to use mobile phones in class. 【答案】that 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：老师规定在课堂上任何人都不允许使用手机。句中“it”作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的宾语从句“no one is allowed to use mobile phones in class”，从句句意完整，不缺少成分，所以用连词that引导。故填that。 例2．AI learns from our habits to help us find we want and like. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句句意：人工智能通过学习我们的习惯，帮助我们找到我们想要且喜欢的东西。空格后we want and like是宾语从句，作find的宾语；从句中want and like缺少宾语，需用连接代词what指代“想要且喜欢的事物”，故填what。 例3．I have seen vigorously they grow without me. 【答案】how 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我看到它们在没有我的情况下生长得多么旺盛。此处引导宾语从句，从句主谓结构完整，根据句意可知，表示“如何”应用连接副词how引导。故填how。 1．I don’t know he will come not. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 whether or 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我不知道他是否会来。表示“是否……”为whether...or not。故填①whether；②or。 2．This will allow you to see genres (类型) work for your group. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这将使您能够了解哪些类型的作品适合您的团队。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少定语，表示“什么样的类型”，所以用what引导宾语从句。故填what。 3．People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure it will happen .But do see it say that they will never forget it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 whether/if whoever 【详解】考查宾语从句和主语从句。句意：人们跋涉数千公里去看极光，但他们永远无法确定极光是否会出现。但那些确实看到了极光的人说，他们永远不会忘记它。第一空处为宾语从句的引导词，从句不缺成分，但缺少“是否”之意，应用whether或if引导宾语从句。第二个空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，且表示“无论是谁”，所以用whoever引导该从句。故填①whether/if②whoever。 4．An entrepreneur can determine other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：企业家可以通过进行竞争分析来确定该地区的其他企业在做什么以及他们是如何成功的。空处引导宾语从句，从句中doing缺少宾语，指代事情，应用连接代词what。故填what。 5．He remembers when he wanted to take a bath, he had to heat the water up with firewood and then transport the water in a bucket to the bathtub. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他记得，当他想洗澡时，他得用柴火把水烧热，然后用桶把水运到浴缸里。此处引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 考点三：表语从句 例1．I will attend an important meeting, and this is I can’t go to the bookstore with you. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我要参加一个重要会议，这就是我不能和你去书店的原因。此空引导表语从句，在从句中作状语，用连接副词，主句主语“this”指代上文“I will attend an important meeting(我要参加一个重要会议)”,是“I can’t go to the bookstore with you(我不能和你去书店)”的原因，此表语从句用连接副词why“（说明理由）为什么，……的原因”引导。故填why。 例2．What we can say is that this is the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it’s not just one pattern. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我们能说的是，这就是长时间看屏幕的孩子大脑的样子。而且这不仅仅是一种模式。“____ the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens”为表语从句，从句中缺少like的宾语，表示“……的样子”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 例3．What struck me deeply was English surrounded me once more, a persistent reflection of the familiarity I didn’t realize I’d grown tired of. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：让我深感震惊的是，当英语再次围绕着我时，那种熟悉感是一种持续的反映，而我却没有意识到自己已经对这种熟悉感到厌倦了。空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，所以用that引导。故填that。 1．My suggestion is you should do more practice in the morning to promote your spoken English. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我的建议是，你应该在早上多做练习来提升你的英语口语。空处引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词没有含义，需用连接词that引导。故填that。 2．My first term of college had passed at last and I got straight A’s. That’s I want to share my story—to help other students feel less lonely. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我的大学第一学期终于结束了，我拿到了全 A。这就是我想分享自己故事的原因 —— 帮助其他学生减少孤独感。分析句子结构可知，这里考查“That’s why...”，是固定句式，意为“这就是……的原因”，其中why引导表语从句。故填why。 3．My opinion is teenage years are totally magical and I’d like to be a teenager forever. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句引导词。句意：我的观点是青少年时期非常美妙，我想永远做一个青少年。分析句子结构并根据空前的系动词“is”可知，此处引导表语从句。从句“teenage years are totally magical and I’d like to be a teenager forever”句意完整、成分齐全，应用that来连接，that在从句中仅起连接作用，无实际意义。故填that。 4．That’s most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能立刻辨别主人是否接触过其他猫，它们通常不喜欢这种情况。分析句子结构可知，________most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats是表语从句，而且“most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats (大多数宠物猫能立刻察觉主人是否接触过其他猫)”强调结果，该从句要用why引导。故填why。 5．The reason for his absence at the meeting was he didn’t catch the first bus. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他缺席会议的原因是他没有赶上第一班公共汽车。 “the reason...was that...”的固定句型，意为“……的原因是……”，这里that连接表语从句，句意和句子结构完整，连接词为that。故填that。 考点四：同位语从句 例1．The story also supports the idea the ball game was sometimes used for the purposes of divination. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：这个故事也支持了球类运动有时被用于占卜目的的观点。空处引导同位语从句，对名词idea进行解释说明，从句不缺成分，句意完整，需用连接词that引导。故填that。 例2．The teacher gave us a suggestion we should practice writing an English essay regularly to improve our skills. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：老师建议我们应该定期练习写英语作文来提高技能。根据空前名词suggestion以及空后完整的从句可知，此空引导同位语从句，是对suggestion的具体内容解释，应用引导词that，不作句子成分，无实际语义，仅起连接作用。故填that。 例3．There is a general belief sitting for a long time does damage to our health. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：人们普遍认为久坐会损害我们的健康。空处引导同位语从句解释说明belief的具体内容，从句成份和意义都完整，应用连接词that引导。故填that。 1．So many of us have the belief being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, . . . 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我们中的许多人都相信舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，……空处连接同位语从句，对名词belief进行解释，从句中不缺少成分，不缺少意义，用that连接，故填that。 2．There is little doubt China has presented to the world a successful and powerful country. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问，中国已向世界展示了一个成功且强大的国家形象。引导同位语从句，说明doubt的内容，且从句不缺少成分和句意，应用连接词that。故填that。 3．There is still some doubt the autumn sports meet will be held in our school. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：秋季运动会是否会在我们学校举行仍然存在一些疑问。设空处引导同位语从句，用来解释说明名词 doubt的具体内容。该从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语等主要成分，根据句意，表示“是否”用whether引导该同位语从句。故填whether。 4．People used to hold the belief the earth was the center of the universe. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：人们过去常常持有这样的信念——地球是宇宙的中心。“the earth was the center of the universe”是对名词“belief”的具体内容的解释说明，是一个同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，应用连词that引导。故填that。 5．I have no idea she will come or not. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我不知道她是否会来。空格处引导的是同位语从句，由have no idea可知，句子表示“我不知道她是否会来”，空格处意为“是否”，用whether引导同位语从句，故填whether。 一、单项选择 1．The reason why he was late is ______ his bike broke down on the way. A．because B．that C．for D．as 【答案】B 【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：他迟到的原因是他的自行车在路上坏了。A. because因为；B. that无实义；C. for因为；D. as由于，随着。由语意可知，空格后为表语从句，且句子成分完整，需用无实义，只起连接作用的从属连词that引导。“The reason why...is that...”为固定句型，表示“……的原因是……”。故选B项。 2．He asked me ________ I was reading at that time. A．that B．what C．where D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他问我当时正在读什么书。“______ I was reading at that time”是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“当时我正在读的东西”，用关系代词what引导。故选B。 3．I don’t understand ______ you said just now. A．that B．what C．which D．how 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我不明白你刚才说的话。“______ you said just now”是宾语从句，从句中said后缺少宾语，表示“刚才说的话”，应用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故选B项。 4．I want to know ________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. A．that B．when C．whether D．where 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我想知道你明天八点是否会回来。“________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow”是名词性从句，作动词know宾语，句子基本结构完整。结合“want to know”可知，此处指“想知道你明天是否八点回来”，用连接词whether/if“是否”引导此宾语从句，在从句中不充当语法成分。故选C。 5．________ is known to us all is that the 2024 Olympics will be held in Paris. A．It B．What C．As D．Which 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：众所周知，2024年奥运会将在巴黎举办。“________ is known to us all”是主语从句，在这个从句中，缺少主语，表示“……的事情”，用连接代词what引导，置于句首，首字母大写。故选B。 6．Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety. A．how B．what C．why D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：心理健康包括如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物。此处引导宾语从句，作谓语动词involves的宾语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，根据句意可知，表示“如何，怎样”，用连词how引导宾语从句。故选A项。 7．She said ________ she would go to Beijing the next day. A．that B．what C．if D．where 【答案】A 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：她说她第二天将去北京。空处引导宾语从句，从句“she would go to Beijing the next day”结构完整，不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用引导词that来引导该宾语从句，that在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。故选A。 8．________he managed to finish the marathon inspired his classmates to push their limits in sports. A．What B．That C．Whether D．When 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：他成功跑完马拉松这件事，激励了同学们在体育运动中挑战自己的极限。A. What什么；B. That无意义，只起连接作用；C. Whether是否；D. When何时。分析句子结构可知，此处为主语从句，从句“____he managed to finish the Marathon”成分完整，不缺成分，应用只起连接作用、无实义的that来引导。故选B项。 9．The group of dancers discussed ________ they should do next to improve their performance. A．that B．what C．which D．whether 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这群舞者讨论了为了提升表演水平，接下来应该做什么。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句作“discussed”的宾语，从句中“do”是及物动词，后面缺少宾语，指代“要做的事情”，所以此处使用连接代词what。故选B项。 10．Martin saved a woman from a burning house last week. That was ________ he was praised and awarded a prize at the presentation yesterday. A．why B．what C．because D．how 【答案】A 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：马丁上周从着火的房子里救了一名妇女。这就是他在昨天的表彰会上受到表扬并获奖的原因。A. why为什么；B. what什么；C. because因为；D. how如何。根据句意，“救人”是“受表扬获奖”的原因，此处表语从句需体现“结果的原因”，且“that was why...”为固定句式，意为“这就是…… 的原因”，why符合语法结构与语境。故选A项。 11．She ________ her homework when the power was off and that was ________ she was so angry. A．is doing; because B．was doing; because C．was doing; why D．is doing; why 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和表语从句。句意：停电时她正在做作业，那是为什么她太生气的原因。根据“when the power was off”可知，描述过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，要用过去进行时；that was why...表示“那就是……的原因”，强调结果；that was because...表示“那是因为……”，强调原因。根据语境，停电时她正在做作业，所以她生气，这里强调的是结果。故选C。 12．The reason why he made such great progress is ______ he always kept an open mind to new ideas. A．because B．why C．that D．when 【答案】C 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他之所以取得如此大的进步是因为他总是对新想法持开放态度。根据“The reason why... is that... ”的固定句型可知，此处that引导表语从句，在从句中不充当成分，没有语义，只起连接作用。故选C。 13．With his continuous efforts, he got super high grades. That was ________ he was admitted into Shenzhen Experimental School. A．why B．because C．when D．what 【答案】A 【详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：凭借持续的努力，他取得了极高的成绩。那就是他被深圳实验学校录取的原因。A. why……的原因；B. because因为；C. when当……时；D. what什么。这里考查表语从句，前半句“取得好成绩”是后半句“被学校录取”的原因，且空格后句子结构完整，此处需体现“……的原因”，why符合语境。故选A项。 14．When talking about her English learning experience, Mary said, “Practicing every day is __________ my teacher has told me — it’s the key to improving language skills.” A．how B．which C．what D．when 【答案】C 【详解】考查表语从句。 句意：当谈到她的英语学习经历时，玛丽说：“每天练习是我的老师告诉我的——这是提高语言技能的关键。” 空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作told的直接宾语，指“告诉的内容”，需用连接代词what。故填C。 15．When we fight for our goals, we will be devoted to ________ we are doing and try to improve ourselves. A．Whom B．that C．what D．when 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：当我们为我们的目标而奋斗时，我们会专注于我们正在做的事情并努力提高自己。“________ we are doing”是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的事情”，应用连接代词what引导从句。故选C项。 二、单句语法填空 1．(2020·天津高考)The student completed this experiment to make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said. 【答案】what　 【解析】句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作said的宾语，表示“……所说的话”，因此用what。 2．(2020·浙江高考)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 【答案】what　 【解析】句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。宾语从句中缺主语，此处表示“什么”之意。故填what。 3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 【答案】that　 【解析】主句为there be句型，设空后为同位语从句，结构完整，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。 4．(2019·北京高考)What students do at college seems to matter much more than ________ they go. 【答案】where　 【解析】此处指学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪所大学更重要。than后为宾语从句，设空处为连接词，表示地点，作状语，故用where。 5．(2018·北京高考)Without his support, we wouldn't be ________ we are now. 【答案】where　 【解析】句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。设空处引导表语从句，连接词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。 6．(2018·北京高考)This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 【答案】what　 【解析】句意：这就是我父亲教给我的道理：要永远敢于面对困难，满怀希望。设空处引导表语从句，根据句意用what引导。 7．(2018·天津高考)The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race. 【答案】whoever　 【解析】句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。宾语从句中缺少主语，表示“任何人，无论谁”，故用whoever。 8．(2018·江苏高考)By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived. 【答案】how　 【解析】句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们到达那里的方式。设空处引导表语从句，且在从句中充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故用how。 一、阅读理解 A London is a city always under construction and its architecture varies greatly between old and new. Whether you’re an architecture enthusiast or a casual visitor, London has lots of cool buildings to offer. Here are some of the best examples: Houses of Parliament Situated on the bank of the Thames, the building was designed by architect Sir Charles Barry and completed in 1834. It’s connected to the Elizabeth Tower, which houses Big Ben. Guided tours are available, with options for families with young kids. Tours are available on select dates, so check online in advance before visiting. National Theatre Designed by Sir Denys Lasdun and Peter Softley, National Theatre is one of London’s best places to enjoy concerts and plays. It contains three different theaters and has become a must-go destination for visitors since its completion in 1963. The concerts and plays can be extremely popular, with tickets selling out far in advance, so be sure to book seats ahead of your visit. The Shard The Shard stands 95 stories over London. It was designed by Italian architect Renzo Piano and completed in 2012. It contains offices, restaurants and bars, the Shangri-La Hotel and a public viewing gallery. The viewing platform, which offers 360-degree views, can be found on floors 68, 69 and 72, and is London’s highest viewing gallery. Be sure to book a timed ticket in advance when visiting. Royal Albert Hall Completed in 1871, the concert hall is also home to the annual BAFTA Awards. It has a long history of famous performances, from hosting the Titanic Band Memorial Concert in 1912 to being the site of Adele’s performance in 2011. Many concerts take place here every week, so there is no need to book tickets online in advance. 1．Which of the following has the longest history? A．Houses of Parliament. B．National Theatre. C．The Shard. D．Royal Albert Hall. 2．What do National Theatre and Royal Albert Hall have in common? A．They both require early booking. B．They were both designed by the same architects. C．They are both especially attractive to music lovers. D．They were both built in the first half of the same century. 3．What’s the text mainly intended to introduce? A．Some must-go travel destinations in London. B．Some of the coolest buildings in London. C．Amazing scenery London has in store for visitors. D．Comparisons between London’s old and new buildings. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个伦敦最酷的建筑物的相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据Houses of Parliament部分“Situated on the bank of the Thames, the building was designed by architect Sir Charles Barry and completed in 1834. (该建筑位于泰晤士河畔，由建筑师查尔斯·巴里爵士设计，于1834年完工)”、National Theatre部分“It contains three different theaters and has become a must-go destination for visitors since its completion in 1963.(它包含三个不同的剧院，自1963年完工以来，已成为游客的必去之地)”、The Shard部分“It was designed by Italian architect Renzo Piano and completed in 2012.(它由意大利建筑师伦佐·皮亚诺设计，于2012年完工)”以及Royal Albert Hall部分“Completed in 1871, the concert hall is also home to the annual BAFTA Awards.(这座音乐厅于1871年完工，也是一年一度BAFTA奖的举办地)”可知，Houses of Parliament完成时间是1834 年，历史最久。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据National Theatre部分“Designed by Sir Denys Lasdun and Peter Softley, National Theatre is one of London’s best places to enjoy concerts and plays. (由Denys Lasdun爵士和Peter Softley设计的国家剧院是伦敦欣赏音乐会和戏剧的最佳场所之一)”和 Royal Albert Hall 部分“Many concerts take place here every week, so there is no need to book tickets online in advance.(这里每周都会举办许多音乐会，因此无需提前在线预订门票)”可知，二者都对音乐爱好者极具吸引力。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Whether you’re an architecture enthusiast or a casual visitor, London has lots of cool buildings to offer. (无论你是建筑爱好者还是休闲游客，伦敦都有很多很酷的建筑可供选择)”可知，本文主要介绍了伦敦几个最酷的建筑物的相关信息，旨在介绍伦敦的部分特色建筑。故选B项。 B Chen Mei, a 32-year-old community worker in Guangzhou, has been helping elderly residents learn to use smartphones for 4 years. Many old people in her community used to feel “left out” because they couldn’t order takeout, pay bills online, or video-call their grandchildren — all of which require smartphone skills. To solve this problem, Chen started a “Smartphone Class” in 2020. Every Saturday morning, she meets with 15-20 elderly people in the community center. She teaches them simple skills first: how to unlock the phone, how to open WeChat, and how to send voice messages. Later, she moves to more useful skills, like ordering groceries on JD Daojia or checking medical appointment results on the hospital’s app. Chen’s classes are popular. Mrs. Li, 78, said, “Before, I had to ask my son to pay my electricity bill every month. Now I can do it myself! I even video-call my granddaughter in Beijing every weekend.” To make it easier for the elderly to remember, Chen writes down step-by-step instructions on large cards — she knows their eyesight isn’t as good as young people’s. Last year, Chen’s work was recognized by the local government. She received a “Community Service Star” award, but she said, “The real reward is seeing the elders smile when they can use the phone on their own. That’s why I keep doing this.” 4．How long has Chen Mei been helping the elderly learn to use smartphones? A．2 years B．3 years C．4 years D．5 years 5．Why did many elderly people feel “left out” according to Paragraph 1? A．They had no one to talk to. B．They couldn’t use smartphones. C．They didn’t have family members. D．They couldn’t go out of their homes. 6．What does Chen Mei do to help the elderly remember the skills? A．She gives them new smartphones. B．She asks their children to join the class. C．She writes instructions on large cards. D．She records videos for them to watch. 7．The underlined word “recognized” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A．praised and rewarded B．doubted and questioned C．forgotten and ignored D．refused and rejected 8．What can we learn from Chen Mei’s story? A．Community work is boring. B．Helping others brings happiness. C．Elderly people don’t need smartphones. D．Only young people can use smartphones. 【答案】4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了32岁的广州社区工作者陈梅帮助社区里的老年人学习使用智能手机的故事，展现了她的付出以及为老年人带来的积极改变。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Chen Mei, a 32-year-old community worker in Guangzhou, has been helping elderly residents learn to use smartphones for 4 years.(32岁的广州社区工作者陈梅，已经帮助社区里的老年人学习使用智能手机4年了。)”可知，陈梅帮助老年人学习使用智能手机已经4年了。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Many old people in her community used to feel ‘left out’ because they couldn’t order takeout, pay bills online, or video-call their grandchildren — all of which require smartphone skills.(她所在社区的许多老年人过去常常感到“被冷落”，因为他们无法点外卖、在线支付账单或与孙子孙女视频通话——所有这些都需要智能手机技能。)”可知，社区里的许多老年人感到“被冷落”是因为他们不会使用智能手机。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To make it easier for the elderly to remember, Chen writes down step-by-step instructions on large cards — she knows their eyesight isn’t as good as young people’s.(为了让老年人更容易记住，陈梅把步骤说明写在大卡片上——她知道老年人的视力不如年轻人好。)”可知，为了让老年人更容易记住，陈梅把步骤说明写在大卡片上。故选C。 7．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Last year, Chen’s work was recognized by the local government. She received a “Community Service Star” award.(去年，陈梅的工作得到了当地政府的认可。她获得了“社区服务之星”奖。)”可知，她获得了“社区服务之星”奖，说明她的工作得到了认可，受到赞扬。“recognized”在此处与“praised and rewarded”意思相近。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The real reward is seeing the elders smile when they can use the phone on their own. That’s why I keep doing this.(真正的奖励是看到老年人能够自己使用手机时露出笑容。这就是我坚持做这件事的原因。)”可知，陈梅认为真正的奖励是看到老年人能够自己使用手机时露出笑容，这是她坚持做这件事的原因，由此可推断出帮助别人能带来快乐。故选B。 C Wayfinding —the art of navigating using the wind, stars, ocean swells, and other environmental cues —was how sailors from the Marquesas Islands first discovered Hawaii more than 1500 years ago. These skills are helping to restore a sense of pride in Pacific Island culture and heritage. But beyond that, wayfinding holds surprising relevance for the rest of us landlubbing urbanites (从未出过海的城里人), even if we have no intention of crossing vast oceans in a canoe. Wayfinding is how humans have found their way for most of our existence. It’s what enabled the aboriginals, Arab nomads and Inuits to journey across monotonous (单调的) yet shifting landscapes of land, desert, and ice. Traditional navigation is about “using everything that’s provided to you in nature”, says Junior Coleman, who oversees sailing and seamanship in his own company. “We use all the elements and forces in nature —the sun, stars, moon, waves, currents, clouds and different animals. All of those.” One of Coleman’s favorite cues, for instance, is the North Star. “It’s very reliable when you sail north of the equator. As you go towards it, it appears to get higher in the sky, so it kind of corresponds with your latitude (纬度). Another cue is ocean swells —waves formed by permanent weather systems, such as trade winds, that can travel hundreds of miles. Subtle changes in their refraction (折射) patterns can indicate an island and its location. But learning to “read” such swells is one of the hardest skills to master—navigators often speak of lying down on their canoes to feel, rather than see, such waves. Coleman encourages everyone to give natural navigation a go, “I promise you, the brain just loves it,” he says, “there’s almost no other art that I can think of where you can exercise your brain in a fantastically positive way.” 9．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To put forward an argument. B．To describe a historical fact. C．To make readers think deeply. D．To introduce the topic of the text. 10．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A．Junior Coleman succeeded in the journey across desert. B．Traditional navigation has played a vital role throughout. C．Ancient people were good at finding ways in the wild. D．Nature elements provide everything people need in navigation. 11．How to use waves to navigate according to the text? A．By observing the height of the waves. B．By lying down and listening to the waves. C．By noticing certain changes of the waves. D．By following the direction the waves go to. 12．What does Junior Coleman think of natural navigation? A．Potential-inspiring. B．Mind-challenging. C．Time-consuming. D．Logic-strengthening. 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．C 12．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍波利尼西亚古导航术“寻路”：借日月星辰、海浪折射等自然线索跨洋，既重振海岛文化，也给现代人启迪，鼓励体验这种健脑又环保的方向感训练。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Wayfinding —the art of navigating using the wind, stars, ocean swells, and other environmental cues —was how sailors from the Marquesas Islands first discovered Hawaii more than 1500 years ago. These skills are helping to restore a sense of pride in Pacific Island culture and heritage. But beyond that, wayfinding holds surprising relevance for the rest of us landlubbing urbanites, even if we have no intention of crossing vast oceans in a canoe.(寻路——利用风、星星、海浪和其他环境线索进行导航的艺术——是1500多年前马克萨斯群岛的水手们首次发现夏威夷的方法。这些技能有助于恢复对太平洋岛屿文化和遗产的自豪感。但除此之外，寻路功能与我们这些生活在陆地上的城市人有着惊人的关联，即使我们无意乘独木舟横渡浩瀚的海洋)”可知，本段介绍了1500年前马克萨斯群岛水手利用“Wayfinding”（自然导航）发现夏威夷的历史事实，引出这一传统技术在现代对太平洋岛国文化认同的积极意义，并点明其与城市居民的关联性，从而引出全文主题：自然导航在现代的价值与普适性。故选D项。 10．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Wayfinding is how humans have found their way for most of our existence. It’s what enabled the aboriginals, Arab nomads and Inuits to journey across monotonous yet shifting landscapes of land, desert, and ice. Traditional navigation is about ‘using everything that’s provided to you in nature’, says Junior Coleman, who oversees sailing and seamanship in his own company. ‘We use all the elements and forces in nature —the sun, stars, moon, waves, currents, clouds and different animals. All of those.’(寻路是人类在大部分时间里找到路的方式。它使土著居民、阿拉伯游牧民和因纽特人能够穿越单调而又不断变化的陆地、沙漠和冰川地貌。在自己的公司负责监督帆船和航海的朱尼尔•科尔曼表示，传统的航海是‘利用大自然提供给你的一切’。‘我们利用大自然中所有的元素和力量——太阳、星星、月亮、波浪、海流、云朵和不同的动物。所有这些’)”可知，本段首句直接点明Wayfinding这种传统导航方法在人类历史中的核心地位，并以原住民、阿拉伯游牧民族和因纽特人的迁徙为例，说明传统导航技术如何帮助人类跨越单调多变的地貌，并且至今仍然对人类旅行起到重要作用。故选B项。 11．细节理解题。根据第三段“Another cue is ocean swells —waves formed by permanent weather systems, such as trade winds, that can travel hundreds of miles. Subtle changes in their refraction patterns can indicate an island and its location. But learning to ‘read’ such swells is one of the hardest skills to master—navigators often speak of lying down on their canoes to feel, rather than see, such waves.(另一个线索是海浪——由信风等永久性天气系统形成的海浪，可以传播数百英里。它们的折射模式的细微变化可以表明一个岛屿及其位置。但是，学会‘读懂’这样的巨浪是最难掌握的技能之一——航海家们经常说，他们躺在独木舟上来感受海浪，而不是看海浪)”可知，航海家们可以通过感受海浪的变化确定位置。故选C项。 12．细节理解题。根据最后一段引语“I promise you, the brain just loves it(我向你保证，大脑就是喜欢它)”“there’s almost no other art that I can think of where you can exercise your brain in a fantastically positive way.(我能想到的几乎没有其他艺术能让你以一种非常积极的方式锻炼大脑)”可知，科尔曼认为利用自然导航是挑战脑力的，可以锻炼大脑。 故选B项。 D New era requires a new vocabulary. Will we still talk about the “mobile” phone when all phones are mobile, or when they are implanted (植入) within us? Technology is everywhere nowadays, especially at work. Some people are really good at using all the cool new tools that keep popping up. They have something called TQ, or technology quotient. It’s like a superpower for understanding the latest tech stuff that our great-grandparents would have found really impossible. Having a high TQ means you’re awesome at using all the cool new things that not everyone knows about yet. The examples are common and becoming more and more frequent. For the parent it might be a home-school video class. For the brand manager it might be search engine boosting. And for the clinician, it might be the role of artificial intelligence in supporting the analysis of a CT scan. TQ attempts to quantify our ability to make sensible use of current technologies and to quickly adapt, embrace and capitalize on future creations. This adoption is critical from a variety of perspectives, from social to business. One trip into the world of ChatGPT and we can see how the dynamics of AI and search are changing for just about everyone. Any Mom or Dad can understand the value of IQ and EQ in projecting the potential for a child’s success. But what about technology? The ability for the child and the teacher to understand, embrace and adopt technology will be a defining aspect of their lives as we speed into the future. We are increasingly defined by technology and our active participation in everything from smart phones to Facebook. It might just be time for the basic human needs of food, water and shelter to incorporate (吸收) technology too. And when that happens, it just might be a good idea to measure it. While this shift brings challenges, it’s unstoppable. As TQ rises, it will combine with IQ and EQ, reshaping how we live, work, and learn — turning adaptability with tech into a measurable edge. 13．What is TQ according to the text? A．Speed of learning new languages. B．Skill of fixing high-tech products. C．Talent to follow modern changes. D．Ability to apply new technologies. 14．Which of the following people has a high TQ? A．A manager who seldom uses modern search engines. B．A doctor who analyzes CT scans with AI assistance. C．A grandparent who finds new tech devices awkward. D．A mom who watches videos of her child’s school life. 15．According to the text, what is the future trend of TQ? A．It will replace the importance of IQ and EQ. B．It will combine with IQ and EQ to reshape our lives. C．It will become a basic human need like food and water. D．It will only be necessary for people working in tech fields. 16．What might be the best title for the passage? A．What Makes TQ the New Intelligence? B．Why Are IQ and EQ Important for TQ? C．Where to Start Adapting to TQ Changes? D．How Has TQ Changed in the Modern Era? 【答案】13．D 14．B 15．B 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科技时代下TQ（科技商数）的定义、重要性及未来发展趋势。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They have something called TQ, or technology quotient. It’s like a superpower for understanding the latest tech stuff that our great-grandparents would have found really impossible. Having a high TQ means you’re awesome at using all the cool new things that not everyone knows about yet.(他们有一种叫做TQ，或者科技商数的东西。它就像一种理解最新科技产品的超能力，我们的曾祖父母会觉得这真的不可能。拥有高TQ意味着你很擅长使用所有那些别人还不知道的酷炫新事物)”可知，TQ指的是应用新技术的能力。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Having a high TQ means you’re awesome at using all the cool new things that not everyone knows about yet.(拥有高TQ意味着你非常擅长使用那些还不是人人都知道的新奇事物)”和第三段中“For the clinician, it might be the role of artificial intelligence in supporting the analysis of a CT scan.(对于临床医生来说，这可能是人工智能在支持CT扫描分析中的作用)”可知，使用人工智能分析CT扫描的医生拥有高TQ。故选B。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As TQ rises, it will combine with IQ and EQ, reshaping how we live, work, and learn — turning adaptability with tech into a measurable edge.(随着TQ的提高，它将与智商和情商相结合，重塑我们的生活、工作和学习方式——将科技适应能力转化为一种可衡量的优势)”可知，TQ将与智商和情商相结合，重塑我们的生活。故选B。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“New era requires a new vocabulary. Will we still talk about the “mobile” phone when all phones are mobile, or when they are implanted (植入) within us?(新时代需要新的词汇。当所有的手机都是移动的，或者当它们被植入我们体内时，我们还会谈论“移动”电话吗？)”以及最后一段“While this shift brings challenges, it’s unstoppable. As TQ rises, it will combine with IQ and EQ, reshaping how we live, work, and learn — turning adaptability with tech into a measurable edge.(虽然这种转变带来了挑战，但它是不可阻挡的。随着TQ的提高，它将与IQ和EQ相结合，重塑我们的生活、工作和学习方式——将技术适应能力转化为可衡量的优势。)”可知，文章主要讨论了科技商数（TQ）成为新时代衡量人们利用和适应新技术能力的新标准，且TQ将与IQ和EQ共同重塑生活、工作和学习方式。由此可知，“What Makes TQ the New Intelligence?(是什么让TQ成为新的智能？)”作为标题最合适。故选A。 七选五 How Taking Short Vacations Can Improve Your Well-Being at Work Without doubt, the nonstop demands of work and life can be bad for your well-being, exhausting (使筋疲力尽) your physical resources and cognitive (认知的) abilities — and possibly resulting in negative health and performance results. 17 Research shows that vacations improve our physical and mental health while also promoting our performance at work. Perhaps surprisingly, they can even increase the likelihood of receiving a pay raise or promotion. 18 In fact, nearly half of U. S. workers take less time off than their job allows, leaving an average of 9.5 days of paid time off (PTO) on the table, according to a 2023 survey by the Pew Research Center. And for 30 percent of employees, this unused vacation time doesn’t roll over to the next year. 19 taking mini-vacations throughout the year can improve their overall well-being. That means you can just use a long weekend to explore a new small town in your state, go camping in a national park, or do a biking tour of your local wineries. We know that being on vacation feels good and that it’s good for us. 20 Naturally, there is the spend, and the bill involved in long trips — room, board, airfare, rail, sightseeing, everything — can be daunting (使人畏缩的). 21 The Pew survey of over 5,900 U.S. workers found that 49 percent of participants indicated they worried they might fall behind at work if they take more vacation time. No wonder, then, that most people don’t use all their vacation time. And over half (52 percent) of U.S. employees work while on vacation. A．If working hard is the way to earn more bread, B．Even if many workers don’t use all their PTO, C．Taking a real break is important for so many reasons. D．But that doesn’t mean we always use our vacation time. E．So why don’t we choose to take all the time we’ve earned? F．Do you know when people need to take short vacations? G．It also turns out that taking extended time away from the office causes a lot of stress. 【答案】17．C 18．D 19．B 20．E 21．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了短期休假对健康和工作都有积极的影响及大家拒绝休假的原因。 17．下文“Research shows that vacations improve our physical and mental health while also promoting our performance at work. Perhaps surprisingly, they can even increase the likelihood of receiving a pay raise or promotion.(研究表明，度假能够改善我们的身心健康，并且还能提升我们的工作表现。也许会让人感到意外的是，度假甚至还有可能增加获得加薪或晋升的机会)”说明了休假有许多好处，C项“真正地休息一下有着诸多重要的意义”衔接下文说明休假具体的好处，即休假之所以重要的原因，符合语境。故选C项。 18．上文“Research shows that vacations improve our physical and mental health while also promoting our performance at work. Perhaps surprisingly, they can even increase the likelihood of receiving a pay raise or promotion.(研究表明，度假能够改善我们的身心健康，并且还能提升我们的工作表现。也许会让人感到意外的是，度假甚至还有可能增加获得加薪或晋升的机会)”说明了休假有许多好处，结合下文“In fact, nearly half of U. S. workers take less time off than their job allows, leaving an average of 9.5 days of paid time off (PTO) on the table, according to a 2023 survey by the Pew Research Center.(事实上，根据皮尤研究中心2023年的一项调查，美国近一半的员工实际休假时间少于其工作规定的时间，这意味着平均有9.5天的带薪休假时间未被利用)”可知，虽然休假有许多好处，但许多人却没有充分利用自己的休假时间，D项“但这并不意味着我们总是能使用我们的假期时间”承上启下，符合语境。故选D现。 19．下文“taking mini-vacations throughout the year can improve their overall well-being.(全年进行几次短途旅行能够提升他们的整体幸福感)”说明即使休假时长不够，小型假期也有好处，B项“即使许多员工没有使用他们所有的带薪休假日”构成让步关系，引出下文的结果——即使没有用完带薪休假日，小型假期可以提升他们的整体幸福指数，衔接恰当。故选B项。 20．上文“We know that being on vacation feels good and that it’s good for us.(我们知道度假的感觉很棒，而且对我们也有很多好处)”说明度假有好处，并结合下文“Naturally, there is the spend, and the bill involved in long trips — room, board, airfare, rail, sightseeing, everything — can be daunting (使人畏缩的).(当然，长途旅行中会涉及诸多费用——住宿费、伙食费、机票费、火车票费、观光费等等——这些费用可能会让人望而生畏)”说明了一些影响大家去休假的原因，E项“So why do we neglect to take all the time we’ve earned?”（那么，为什么我们没有利用我们应得的时间去休假呢？）提出问题，引出下文大家不去度假的原因，衔接恰当。故选E项。 21．根据下文“The Pew survey of over 5,900 U.S. workers found that 49 percent of participants indicated they worried they might fall behind at work if they take more vacation time.(皮尤对超过5900名美国员工进行的调查发现49%的受访者表示，如果他们多休几天假，可能会担心工作进度会受到影响)”说明了另一个大家不去休假的原因，即害怕工作进度落后，G项“研究还表明，长时间离开办公室会造成很大的压力”衔接上文，进一步解释大家不用完休假时间的原因，引出下文具体的数据证明，衔接恰当。故选G项。 二、完形填空 Last month, my class decided to organize a “Book Donation Drive” to help children in a poor village school. Our teacher told us that the village kids had very few books to read, so we wanted to   22 them as many books as possible. First, we made posters and put them up around the school. The posters said, “Bring your old books to Class 8B — we’ll send them to village kids!” At first, only a few students brought books. I was a little 23 , but our teacher said, “Don’t worry. Keep telling people about it. “So we talked to our classmates during break time, and even told our parents and neighbors. A week later, our classroom was filled with books! We had storybooks, picture books, and even some textbooks. 24 , we needed to check every book to make sure it was in good condition. My friend Lily and I checked each book carefully. If there were torn pages, we used tape to fix them; if the covers were dirty, we wiped them with a clean cloth. Some books had notes written in them, but we decided to keep them — maybe the village kids would like seeing the old notes! In the end, we were proud that very 25 books were in too poor condition to be sent. Then, with everyone’s 26 , some passed the books and others arranged them in boxes. Then, we carefully 27 the books into boxes. We also collected some 28 to buy new bookmarks for them. We wrote a letter to the village kids, telling them how much we hoped they would enjoy the books. Our teacher helped us 29 the boxes to the village school. We waited 30 for several weeks. Finally, we 31 a letter from the village school. It said, “Thank you so much for the books and the lovely bookmarks! The kids are so 32 — they read them during break time and even take them home to share with their families. “ Along with the letter, they 33 us some drawings. When we saw the pictures — little kids holding books and smiling — we all felt 34 . We didn’t just give them books; we gave them the joy of reading. This experience 35 me that even small acts of kindness can make a 36 difference. 22．A．sell B．give C．borrow D．buy 23．A．sad B．excited C．angry D．bored 24．A．Then B．But C．Because D．Or 25．A．many B．few C．much D．little 26．A．help B．patience C．surprise D．permission 27．A．placed B．packed C．found D．chose 28．A．food B．money C．books D．toys 29．A．send B．receive C．write D．read 30．A．easily B．patiently C．suddenly D．carelessly 31．A．sent B．received C．wrote D．read 32．A．worried B．sad C．happy D．angry 33．A．drew B．sang C．danced D．sent 34．A．worried B．sad C．satisfied D．happy 35．A．learned B．taught C．asked D．promised 36．A．small B．big C．bad D．good 【答案】 22．B 23．A 24．A 25．B 26．A 27．B 28．B 29．A 30．B 31．B 32．C 33．D 34．C 35．B 36．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者班级组织的一次“图书捐赠活动”，旨在帮助贫困村庄学校的孩子们。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的老师告诉我们，村里的孩子们几乎没有书可读，所以我们想尽可能多地给他们一些书。A. sell卖；B. give给；C. borrow借；D. buy买。根据上文“the village kids had very few books to read”和下文“Bring your old books to Class 8B — we’ll send them to village kids!”可知，村里的孩子们几乎没有书可读，所以作者和同学们做的事情是收集捐赠的书送给他们。故选B项。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有点难过，但我们的老师说：“别担心。继续告诉人们这件事。”A. sad难过的；B. excited兴奋的；C. angry生气的；D. bored无聊的。根据上文“At first, only a few students brought books.”可知，一开始，只有几个学生带来了书，所以作者感到有点难过。故选A项。 24．考查连词词义辨析。句意：然后，我们需要检查每一本书，以确保它的状况良好。A. Then然后；B. But但是；C. Because因为；D. Or或者。根据上文“A week later, our classroom was filled with books!”和下文“we needed to check every book to make sure it was in good condition.”可知，前后文为先后关系，所以用连词then连接。故选A项。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们很自豪，因为很少有书因为状况太差而不能寄出。A. many许多；B. few很少；C. much许多；D. little很少。根据上文“My friend Lily and I checked each book carefully. If there were torn pages, we used tape to fix them; if the covers were dirty, we wiped them with a clean cloth.”和“In the end, we were proud”可推知，经过作者和朋友莉莉的修复，因为状况太差而不能寄出的书很少，所以作者他们感到自豪；books为可数名词复数，用few修饰，意为“很少，不多，几乎没有”。故选B项。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，在大家的帮助下，一些人传递书籍，另一些人把书整理到盒子里。A. help帮助；B. patience耐心；C. surprise惊讶；D. permission允许。根据下文“some passed the books and others arranged them in boxes”可知，大家都在帮忙。故选A项。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：接着，我们小心地将书籍打包装箱。A. placed放置；B. packed打包；C. found发现；D. chose选择。根据下文“the books into boxes”可知，先把书籍打包然后装箱。故选B项。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们还筹集了一些钱为他们买新书签。A. food食物；B. money钱；C. books书；D. toys玩具。根据下文“to buy new bookmarks for them”可知，买书签需要钱，所以是筹集一些钱。故选B项。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的老师帮助我们把箱子送到村里的学校。A. send发送；B. receive收到；C. write写；D. read读。根据上文“Bring your old books to Class 8B — we’ll send them to village kids!”和下文“the boxes to the village school”可推知，老师帮助作者他们把箱子送到村里的学校。故选A项。 30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们耐心地等了好几个星期。A. easily容易地；B. patiently耐心地；C. suddenly突然地；D. carelessly粗心地。根据上文“We waited”和下文“for several weeks”可推知，大家耐心地等了好几个星期。故选B项。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们收到了来自村学校的一封信。A. sent发送；B. received收到；C. wrote写；D. read读。根据下文“a letter from the village school”可知，作者的同学们收到一封信。故选B项。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们非常高兴——他们在课间阅读，甚至带回家与家人分享。A. worried担心的；B. sad难过的；C. happy高兴的；D. angry生气的。根据下文“they read them during break time and even take them home to share with their families”可知，孩子们在课间阅读，甚至带回家与家人分享，所以他们非常高兴。故选C项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随信还寄来了他们给我们的一些画。A. drew画；B. sang唱；C. danced跳舞；D. sent发送，寄。根据上文“Along with the letter”和下文“When we saw the pictures”可知，村里的孩子们还寄来了一些画。故选D项。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们看到孩子们拿着书微笑的照片时，我们都感到很满意。A. worried担心的；B. sad难过的；C. satisfied满意的；D. happy高兴的。根据上文“When we saw the pictures — little kids holding books and smiling”可知，看到孩子们拿着书开心的样子，作者他们知道自己的行为起到了作用，产生了影响，所以感到很满意。故选C项。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这段经历让我明白，即便是微小的善举也能产生深远的影响。A. learned学习；B. taught教导，使懂得；C. asked问；D. promised承诺。根据下文“that even small acts of kindness can make a 15 .”可知，这次经历让作者懂得了一个道理。故选B项。 36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次经历告诉我，即使是小小的善举也能产生巨大的影响。A. small小的；B. big大的；C. bad坏的；D. good好的。根据上文讲述作者和同学们的善行带来的影响和“even small acts of kindness”可推知，小小的善举也能产生巨大的影响，“big”与“small”相对。故选B项。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese scientists have made the world’s 37 (one) ultra-high parallel optical computing integrated chip (超高并行光计算集成芯片). This chip can reach 38 peak of 2560 TOPS (Tera Operations Per Second) with a 50 GHz optical clock speed. Researchers from the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics designed and made the chip by 39 (they). It has a large bandwidth and low loss, which makes it very 40 (power). One key innovation is using soliton microcomb sources (孤子微梳源), 41 provide over 100 wavelength channels. “We have achieved information interaction and computation with over 100-wavelength multiplexing on one chip, 42 (show) high-density parallel processing,” said Xie, a researcher. Unlike old optical computing that uses one wavelength, this new way uses over 100 light wavelengths 43 (process) data at the same time — boosting computing power by up to 100 times 44 making the chip bigger or changing its frequency. “It’s like turning a single-lane road into a highway that can handle hundreds of cars at the same time, 45 (great) increasing throughput without changing the chip hardware,” said Han, an engineer. This new optical computing design shows great promise for use in artificial intelligence and data 46 (center). 【答案】 37．first 38．a 39．themselves 40．powerful 41．which 42．showing 43．to process 44．without 45．greatly 46．centers/centres 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家研制出世界首款超高并行光计算集成芯片，阐述其技术创新、优势及应用前景。 37．考查序数词。句意：中国科学家研制出了世界上首款超高并行光计算集成芯片。根据空前提及的“the world’s”及语境，此处表示“第一个”，需用序数词first修饰名词chip，体现该芯片的开创性。故填first。 38．考查冠词。句意：该芯片光时钟速度为 50 吉赫兹，峰值运算速度可达 2560 万亿次/秒。“peak”为可数名词，此处表示“一个峰值”，表泛指，且peak以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰，构成固定搭配reach a peak of“达到……的峰值”。故填a。 39．考查反身代词。句意：上海光学精密机械研究所的研究人员自主设计并制造了该芯片。此处强调“研究人员亲自、自主完成”，需用反身代词themselves作介词by的宾语，by oneself表示“独自、亲自”。故填themselves。 40．考查形容词。句意：它具有大带宽和低损耗的特点，这使得它非常强大。根据句意和空前“makes it very”可知，空处需用形容词powerful作宾语补足语，表示“强大的”。故填powerful。 41．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一个关键创新是使用孤子微梳源，它可以提供超过100个波长通道。空格处引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词soliton microcomb sources，并在从句中作主语，指物，因此用关系代词which。故填which。 42．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员谢表示：“我们在单芯片上实现了100多个波长复用的信息交互与计算，展现出高密度并行处理能力。” 句子谓语动词为have achieved，逗号后无连词，需用非谓语动词作伴随状语，主语We与show为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填showing。 43．考查非谓语动词。句意：与传统光计算仅使用一个波长不同，这种新方法利用100多个光波长同时处理数据——在不增大芯片尺寸或改变频率的情况下，计算能力提升高达100倍。此处表示“利用波长的目的是处理数据”，需用动词不定式作目的状语，说明使用多波长的用途。故填to process。 44．考查介词。句意同上。根据句意，此处表示“不通过……的方式”，即在没有改变硬件的情况下提升了性能。without意为“没有”，后接动名词，符合语法和句意。故填without。 45．考查副词。句意：一位工程师韩说：“这就像把一条单行道变成一条可以同时容纳数百辆汽车的高速公路，大大提高了吞吐量，而无需改变芯片硬件。”。空处需用副词greatly修饰动词increasing作状语，表示“大大地”。故填greatly。 46．考查名词复数。句意：这这种新的光学计算设计在人工智能和数据中心方面具有巨大的应用前景。根据句意和空前“artificial intelligence and data”可知，空处需用名词复数centers/centres作宾语，表示“多个数据中心领域”，符合泛指用法。故填centers/centres。 四、书信写作 47．假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Michael对中国文化和旅游兴趣浓厚。你得知名为“Discover China”的旅行团将于今年暑期组织为期两周的深度游。请你用英语写一封电子邮件，向他介绍以下信息并鼓励报名： 1.基本信息 (出发时间、行程城市及特色体验)；          2. 报名方式及截止日期。 注意: 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear Michael, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________     Best wishes,                                                                                                                                                                  Li Hua 【答案】例文 Dear Michael, Knowing your deep curiosity about Chinese culture and travel, I’m thrilled to share news about the “Discover China” tour! Starting on July 10, this two-week package tour offers a journey into China’s history and culture. All arrangements include flights and accommodation in Beijing, Xi’an, and Chengdu. What makes this tour unique is its focus on historical sites, from Beijing’s ancient architecture to Xi’an’s Terracotta Army, giving you insights into the profound Chinese civilization. Equally amazing are the pandas and the famous local cuisine in Chengdu. To apply, please sign up on the official website and provide your details before June 30. Don’t miss this great opportunity! Best wishes, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Michael介绍“Discover China”旅行团的相关信息并鼓励其报名。 【详解】1.词汇积累 激动的：thrilled → excited 提供：offer → provide 独一无二的：unique → distinctive 著名的：famous → well-known/noted 2.句式拓展 并列句变复合句 原句：To apply, please sign up on the official website and provide your details before June 30. 拓展句：If you want to apply, you should sign up on the official website and provide your details before June 30. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing your deep curiosity about Chinese culture and travel, I’m thrilled to share news about the “Discover China” tour! (运用了现在分词作原因状语) [高分句型2] What makes this tour unique is its focus on historical sites, from Beijing’s ancient architecture to Xi’an’s Terracotta Army, giving you insights into the profound Chinese civilization. (运用了what引导的主语从句和现在分词作伴随状语) 五、书面表达 48．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mike and his mother, Sheila, had only recently moved to a new home due to Sheila’s job transfer. Mike’s father had died two years before, so Sheila worked hard to provide for herself and Mike. One day, Mike saw four construction workers when he was on the way home with his mother. The men were repairing a portion of the road near Mike’s house. It was terribly hot, and Mike’s heart went out to the tired workers. That’s when Mike had an idea. He rushed inside, opened the fridge, and grabbed some bottles of lemonade (柠檬水) made by themselves. Then he hurried up to the workers. “Excuse me, sir,” he said in a loud voice. “You look very tired. Please have the lemonade. You will feel better!” The workers paused from their work and exchanged looks, smiling and delighted that the young boy was so kind to them. “Thank you very much, young man,” one of them replied as he accepted the lemonade. “It’s okay,” Mike said with a smile and then waved goodbye to them. From that day on, Mike brought lemonade or water to the workers every day. Soon enough, he became familiar with all of them. One day, when Mike went to offer them water, the workers observed he wasn’t as cheerful as before. They were worried and asked him why he seemed upset. Pouting (嘴) his lips, the boy replied, “My birthday is only two days away and my mother will be caught up with some work that day. We are new here, so I don’t have any friends. I will be alone.” The workers felt bad for Mike, thinking he didn’t deserve to be sad ever — particularly not on his special day-so they came up with a plan. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右; (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The next day, the construction workers decided to wait for Sheila on her way to work. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mike’s birthday came and he was at home alone when suddenly the doorbell rang. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The next day, the construction workers decided to wait for Sheila on her way to work. When they walked to Sheila, she was confused. They explained everything to her, including how Mike would bring them water daily. Sheila was incredibly proud of her son and couldn’t believe he had been so kind to the workers. “Actually, we want to celebrate his birthday with him. We know he really doesn’t want to be left alone on his birthday. We hope you don’t mind,” the workers said. Sheila was more than grateful to them for being so thoughtful and kind to her son and she accepted their plan. Mike’s birthday came and he was at home alone when suddenly the doorbell rang. Mike wondered who it could be. When he opened the door, he was surprised to find a group of four men — construction workers — in front of him. “We’re here for your birthday, Mike!” When Mike, almost crying about being alone, saw the workers, his face lit up. Surprised and excited, he welcomed them to come in. The construction workers not only bought Mike a birthday cake, but also helped decorate the living room with balloons and a happy birthday banner. In the following time, they enjoyed the celebration to the fullest. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Mike和母亲Sheila因工作调动搬到新家，Mike的父亲两年前去世，Sheila努力工作抚养Mike。一天Mike看到修路工人在炎热天气下工作很辛苦，便每天给他们送柠檬水或水。后来工人发现Mike因生日当天母亲要工作且自己在新地方没朋友，担心生日会孤单而不开心，于是工人们想出了一个计划。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“第二天，建筑工人们决定在希拉上班的路上等她。”可知，第一段可描写工人们拦住Sheila，向她解释Mike每天给他们送水的事；工人们表达想为Mike庆祝生日，不想让他在生日孤单；Sheila对工人们的想法表示感激并接受计划 ②由第二段首句内容“迈克的生日到了，他独自在家，突然门铃响了”可知，第二段可描写Mike听到门铃响，开门看到工人很惊讶；工人表明来为他庆祝生日，Mike由难过变得惊喜，邀请他们进屋；工人带来生日蛋糕并帮忙装饰客厅，大家一起尽情庆祝生日。 2.续写线索：工人等Sheila解释情况——提出庆祝生日——Sheila感激并接受——门铃响 —— Mike看到工人惊讶——工人表明来意——Mike邀请进屋——一起庆祝生日 3.词汇激活 行为类 行为类： ①解释：explain/account for ②装饰：decorate/adorn ③欢迎：welcome/greet 情感类： ①感激：grateful/thankful ②惊喜：surprised/amazed ③开心：happy/delighted 【点睛】[高分句型1] They explained everything to her, including how Mike would bring them water daily.（运用了how引导的宾语从句） [高分句型2] When Mike, almost crying about being alone, saw the workers, his face lit up.（运用了when 引导的时间状语从句） / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $