专题06 连词和并列复合句（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，全国通用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题06 连词和并列复合句 ( 目录 学考要求速览 ...............................................................................................................1 必备知识梳理 ...............................................................................................................1 高频考点精讲 ...............................................................................................................4 进阶分级练 ..................................................................................................................12 ) 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析 考查并列顺承关系（高频连词and） 熟练掌握常见的并列顺承连词的用法，尤其是and （2025·新高考I卷）61.and （2025·新高考II卷）39.and （2024·新高考II卷）45.and （2023年1月浙江卷）and （2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）and （2022·新高考I卷）and 根据新高考三年的考情分析，连词和并列复合句主要集中考查：主要考查并列连词and，but，or和yet；有关祈使句和并列句的相关句型；并列句在书面表达中也经常被用到。 预计在2026年高考中，还会集中考查并列连词and，but，or；其次，在书面表达中也会考查并列句的使用。 考查转折对比关系（高频连词but/yet/while） 熟练掌握常见转折对比连词的用法，尤其是but （2023·全国乙卷）but/yet （2021全国甲卷）but 考查选择关系（高频连词or） 掌握选择关系的连词及句型 （2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）or （2014新课标I卷）or 特别关注成对出现的连词 熟练掌握常考成对出现的连词 （2024年1月浙江高考真题）57.either...or... （2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）whether...or... （2021年浙江卷）neither...nor... 考点一 并列连词及句型 用法 连词 例句 表并列、递进或顺承关系 and, both... and..., neither... nor...，not only... but also..., as well as During the first three years, children learn the basic skills they will use in all their later learning both at home and at school.在前3年，孩子们会学习以后在家里和在学校学习中所需要用的基本技能。 表转折关系 but, yet, nevertheless What we are about to do is perfectly legal. But please don't discuss it with anyone. 我们要做的事完全合法，但请不要与任何人讨论这件事。 表选择关系 either... or...， not... but..., or, or else, rather than Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。 表因果关系 for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首), so He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。 and与or用于并列句 祈使句＋and＋陈述句，and表顺承 Find ways to praise your children often, and you'll find they will open their hearts to you. 设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们乐意向你敞开心扉。 祈使句＋or＋陈述句，or表转折 表对比 while强调对比关系，意为“然而；而” I like English while my little sister is fond of art. 我喜欢英语而我的妹妹热爱艺术。 二、常见的并列句型 (1)表递进关系：常用的并列连词有and, not only...but (also)．.., neither...nor..., not...but...等。 He had plenty of money and he spent it freely. 他有足够的钱，可以随便花。 Not only did he speak more correctly, but(also) he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得更正确，而且说得更轻松。 (2)表选择关系：常用的并列连词有or, either...or..., otherwise等。 Either you are right, or I am. 要么你对，要么我对。 Don't drive so fast or/otherwise you'll have an accident. 不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。 (3)表转折关系：常用的并列连词有but, yet, whereas, while等。 Jane said she was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now. 简说她病了，但刚才我在街上看到了她。 Some men are rich, while/whereas others are poor. 一些人很富有但其他人很贫穷。 (4)表因果关系：常用的并列连词有so, for。 It must have rained last night for it is wet all over. 昨晚一定下雨了，到处都这么湿。 The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk. 商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。 (5)when还可用作并列连词，其意思为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式： ①sb was doing sth when... ②sb was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth when... ③sb had just done sth when... We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会，这时突然有人闯了进来。 We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. 我们正打算动身，这时突然下起了雨。 (6)while作并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。 He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。 考点二 并列复合句 一个完整的句子如果既含有并列句又含有复合句，就是并列复合句（Compound Complex Sentences）。这种句子结构虽然复杂，但是这种有形的连接手段可以使得整个句子错落有致，清晰地表达思想，在写作中运用恰当，可以避免句型单调的问题。 Some students don't know how they can spend the two-day weekend, so you may find them playing cards or sleeping whenever you go to their dorms.   由and或其他并列连词将简单句和复合句或复合句和复合句连接起来构成的句子称为并列复合句。 You may turn to Jane for help if you like, but I believe that you had better do it yourself. 如果你愿意，你可以向简寻求帮助，不过我认为你最好还是自己做。(复合句+but+复合句） 考点一 并列连词及句型 例1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed. 【答案】 and 【解析】考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。 例2.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）It’s been an honour to watch the panda programme develop 　　　　　　 to see the pandas settle into their new home. 【答案】and　 【解析】考查连词。句意:能够见证熊猫计划的发展并看到熊猫们适应新家,这是一份荣耀。根据句意可知,空前to watch the panda programme develop和空后to see the pandas settle into their new home为并列关系,故本空应用并列连词and。 例3.（2023·1月新高考浙江卷）During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ________ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. 【答案】and 【解析】考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。 例4.（2022·新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ______ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 【答案】 and 【解析】考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系，应用and。故填and。 1．I wanted to combining business with social impacts ________ I found the way to use profits from everyday products to do good globally. 【答案】so 【解析】句意：我想把商业和社会影响结合起来，所以我找到了用日常产品的利润在全球做好事的方法。 根据句意可知，设空处前后为因果关系。故填so。 2．In the north, people tend to eat dumplings, whose shape looks like ears, in order to prevent people from frostbite (冻疮) on ears, ________ people in southern China prefer sweet dumplings, rice balls and long noodles to express their good wishes. 【答案】while 【解析】设空处前后两个分句结构完整，设空处应用并列连词，根据句中的In the north和in southern China 可知，前后两个分句在对北方和南方不同的习俗做对比，因此设空处应用while“然而”表示转折。故填while。 3．Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a game－changer, ________ it comes with pros and cons. 【答案】but/yet 【解析】句意：人工智能是一种改变游戏规则的技术，但它有利有弊。根据句意可知，设空处前后两个分句之间是转折关系，应用but或yet连接。故填but/yet。 4．People say there seems to be so much negativity in this world, ________ there are good people out there and sometimes we are made aware of them when we least expect it. 【答案】but/yet 【解析】句意：人们说这个世界上似乎有太多的负面情绪，但是好人还是存在的，有时候我们在最不经意的时候发现了他们。 结合句意可知，前后文为转折关系。故填but/yet。 5．In short, the legacy of Clay Figurine Zhang in Tianjin embodies a profound cultural heritage ________ it will continue to attract audiences with its dynamic sculptures and vivid colors. 【答案】and 【解析】设空处前后两个句子结构完整，且为并列关系，应用连词and表示并列关系。故填and。 考点二 并列复合句 例1.（2019新课标II卷）Irene said," I don't see any reason to give up work. I work not because I have to, _________because I want to.” 【答案】but 【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是…而是 …”之意，故填but。 例2.（2024年1月浙江高考真题）Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 57 you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. 【答案】or 【解析】考查固定句式。句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西还新鲜，就不能用了。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词or。故填or。 例3.（2025·吉林省普通高中高三一模）Africans are the most diverse people in the world. Perhaps this has a connection with the fact that they are the earliest humans, it has been proven that humans adapt to the different environments they find themselves in over time as they migrate. 【答案】and 【解析】考查连词。句意：也许这与他们是最早的人类这一事实有关，而且已经证明，随着迁移，随着迁徙，人类会随着时间的推移适应自己所处的不同环境。根据句子结构分析，前后两个句子之间存在逻辑上的并列关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。 1．To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】or 【详解】考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口，让汤汁流出，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”为固定搭配，连接并列结构。故填or。 2．It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】but 【详解】考查连词。句意：这是一种明显的视觉对比，不应该起作用，但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系，用连词but连接句子。故填but。 3．My bike was old and shaky did the job.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】but 【详解】考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。 4．It’s also that they are on average healthier more productive for longer.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】and 【详解】考查连词。句意：而且他们平均更健康，工作效率更高，时间更长。healthier和more productive是并列关系，故填and。 5．In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】and 【详解】考查并列连词。句意：科学家们对全球200个国家33年来身体质量指数(BMI)的趋势进行了研究，发现全世界的人都在变胖，其中大部分原因是农村地区的体重指数增加。此空前后连接两个that引导的宾语从句，且根据句意可知，前后两个从句是并列关系，故填and。 一、单项选择 1．I like grapes very much，________I don’t like pears at all. A．/ B．or C．so D．but 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词。句意：我非常喜欢葡萄，但是我根本不喜欢梨子。空前空后为两个句子，该空需要一个连词连接两个并列分句，前后意义转折，应填but。故选D项。 2．It was a long_______ dull talk for me to say so much. A．so B．and C．but D．or 【答案】B 【详解】考查连词。句意：对我来说，说那么多是一个很长并且无趣的谈话。long与dull为并列关系，连词为and。故填B项。 3．We ran to the hill, _______ we couldn’t see any more butterflies. A．but B．so C．and D．for 【答案】A 【详解】考查连词。句意：我们跑向山，但是没有看到更多的蝴蝶。前后句为转折关系。故选A。 4．I’d like to go shopping with you, ________ I’m too busy with the housework today. A．but B．and C．so D．or 【答案】A 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：我很想和你一起去购物，但是我今天忙着做家务。A. but但是，表示转折关系；B. and而且，表示并列或递进关系；C. so所以，表示因果关系，前因后果；D. or或者，表示选择关系。“想和你一起去购物”和“今天忙着做家务”之间是矛盾的，因此用but“但是”衔接，表示转折关系。故选A。 5．Risks and opportunities are two sides of the same coin. Is there a single decision we’ve made in life ________ carries either hidden risks or unexpected opportunities beneath its surface? A．that B．but C．where D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查连词。句意：风险和机遇是同一枚硬币的两面。我们在生活中做出的一个决定，表面之下是否隐藏着风险或意想不到的机会？该空所在的句子为省略关系代词的定语从句，先行词是“a single decision”，后面的从句“we’ve made in life”缺少宾语，所以是省略关系代词的定语从句，空格后“carries either hidden risks or unexpected opportunities beneath its surface”也是定语从句，修饰先行词“a single decision；本句先行词“a single decision”有强调意味（类似“the only”），且从句为限制性定语从句，that更常用。故选A项。 6．It is only one year and a half after the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge started working, ________ it has served over 24 million passengers. A．so B．but C．or 【答案】B 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：港珠澳大桥通车仅一年半时间，但其客流量已突破2400万人次。A. so因此；B. but但是；C. or或者，否则。前半句“港珠澳大桥通车仅一年半时间”强调时间短，后半句“客流量已突破2400万人次”突出成果显著，上下文构成转折关系，用连词but。故选B项。 7．The experiment was repeated several times, ______ the results were consistent each time. A．and B．however C．or D．so 【答案】A 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：这个实验被重复做了好几次，而且每次的结果都一致。A. and而且，表并列或顺承；B. however然而，表转折；C. or或者，表选择；D. so所以，表结果。由句意可知，“实验被重复做了好几次”和“每次结果都一致”是两个并列的情况，应用并列连词and连接，符合语境。故选A项。 8．The young man saved money for years, ______ he could afford to buy his own house. He was very proud of himself, ______ his parents were also happy for him. A．in order that; but B．such that; or C．to that; nor D．so that; and 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词。句意：这个年轻人多年来一直在存钱，这样他就能买得起自己的房子了。他为自己感到非常自豪，他的父母也为他感到高兴。由句意第一空应填目的状语从句引导词so that，意为“以便”，引导目的状语从句；第二空前后为并列关系，应用并列and，连接两个并列的句子，表示顺承关系。故选D项。 9．Try to be the master of your life. Life is a horse and ________ you ride it ________ it rides you. A．either, or B．neither, nor C．both, and D．not only, but also 【答案】A 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：试着成为自己生活的主宰。生活就像一匹马，要么你驾驭它，要么它驾驭你。A. either, or要么……要么……；B. neither, nor两者都不；C. both, and两者都；D. not only, but also不仅……而且……。此处指要么你驾驭生活，要么生活驾驭你，用either…or…。故选A。 10．A true friend can see the pain in your eyes ________ others believe the smile on your face A．because B．while C．before D．until 【答案】B 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：真正的朋友能看到你眼中的痛苦，而其他人却相信你脸上的笑容。A. because因为；B. while然而；C. before在……之前；D. until直到……为止。空格前后是两个对比的情况，即“真正的朋友能看到你眼中的痛苦”和“其他人却相信你脸上的笑容”，故用while表示对比。故选B。 11．There is no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery ________ another man, also intelligent, fails. A．since B．if C．as D．whilst 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：无法知道为什么一个人能有重大发现，而另一个同样聪明的人却失败了。A. since自从；因为；B. if如果；是否；C. as因为；当……时候；正如；D. whilst然而；当……时候。根据空前one man makes an important discovery和空后another man, also intelligent, fails可知，前后两个分句表示对比，强调两种情况的不同，whilst有“然而”的意思，可用于对比两种情况，符合语境。故选D。 12．Some people waste food _________ others haven’t enough. A．though B．as C．while D．when 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：一些人浪费食物，而另一些人却食不果腹。A. though虽然；B. as因为/当……时；C. while 然而/当……时；D. when当……时。句子中强调“一些人浪费食物”与“另一些人食物不足”的同时存在的对比矛盾，需使用while。故选C。 13．Some people believe ________ space exploration expands our understanding of the universe, it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth. A．that while B．that C．while that D．while 【答案】A 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：有些人认为，虽然太空探索扩大了我们对宇宙的了解，但这是对公共资金的浪费，对提高我们在地球上的生活质量没有任何帮助。动词believe后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导。在宾语从句中，space exploration expands our understanding of the universe和it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth之间存在转折关系，所以用转折连词while。故选A。 14．—What he enjoys _____ great and interesting. —Yes, ___ it’s dangerous. A．sounds, but B．sounding, but C．sounds, so D．to sound ,so 【答案】A 【详解】考查谓语动词和连词。句意：——他喜欢的听起来很棒，也很有趣。——是的，但是很危险。在What he enjoys _____ great and interesting.中，What he enjoys是一个主语从句，主句缺少谓语动词；陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。在Yes, ___ it’s dangerous.中，前面说他喜欢的事物听起来很棒很有趣，后面说它很危险，前后是转折关系，所以用转折连词but。故选A。 15．The book is very interesting, ______ it contains a lot of valuable information. People like to read it, ______ they can learn a lot from it. A．but; Or B．or; Nor C．nor; But D．and; And 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：这本书非常有趣，并且它包含了许多有价值的信息。人们喜欢读它，因为他们可以从中学到很多东西。第一空，“这本书很有趣，并且它包含了很多有价值的信息”，and连接两个并列的句子，表示顺承关系；第二空，“并且人们喜欢读它，他们可以从中学到很多东西”，And连接两个并列的句子，表示顺承关系；but表示转折；or表示选择；nor表示否定的并列，均不符合题意。故选D。 二、语法填空 16．We post-2000s generations are not a lost generation, a generation that can contribute to the future of our country. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】but 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我们00后不是垮掉的一代，而是能为国家未来做出贡献的一代。根据句意，not...but...意为“不是……而是……”，符合句意，故填but。 17．The expert says up till now Inner Mongolia’s control effectiveness has ranked first among the 13 places involved that hopefully it will set an excellent example for others around the country to follow. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】and 【详解】考查连词。句意：专家表示，截至目前，内蒙古的控制效果在13个相关地区中排名第一，希望它能为全国其他地区树立一个优秀的榜样。up till now Inner Mongolia’s control effectiveness ____ (rank) first among the 13 places involved和that hopefully it will set an excellent example for others around the country to follow均为say后的宾语从句，且两句之间为并列关系，需用并列连词and连接。故填and。 18．She likes singing, her brother prefers dancing. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】while 【详解】考查连词。句意：她喜欢唱歌，而她哥哥喜欢跳舞。前后两人不同的爱好形成对比，空处应用并列连词while“而”，连接前后内容，表示对比两个行为。故填while。 19．Tiger, probably didn’t know what it was, he knew it would make me happy. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】but 【详解】考查连词。句意：Tiger可能不知道这是什么，但它知道这会让我高兴。根据上文“didn’t know what it was,”和下文“he knew”可知，空格前后为转折关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。 20．It is those who are willing to give rather receive that deserve to be respected. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】than 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：只有那些愿意付出而不是接受的人才值得尊重。结合空前的“rather”可知，固定短语rather than“而不是”符合题意，连接前后并列的give和receive，肯定前者，否定后者。故填than。 21．Adam says that he likes animals he doesn’t like cats. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】but 【详解】考查连词。句意：亚当说他喜欢动物，但他不喜欢猫。根据语意可知，句子前半部分“喜欢动物”与后半部分“不喜欢猫”存在转折关系，应用转折连词but来连接，符合“整体喜欢动物但排斥猫”的逻辑语境。故填but。 22．She studies hard and is clever, her brother is lazy. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】while/but 【详解】考查连词。句意：她学习努力，很聪明，而/但她哥哥很懒。前半句描述“她勤奋聪明”，后半句描述“她哥哥懒惰”，所以前后两句为对比或者转折的关系，用while/but连接，故填while/but。 23．Kids can test their skills compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】and 【详解】考查连词。句意：孩子们可以测试他们的技能并且将他们的能力与黄石公园的动物进行比较。“test their skills”和“compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone”是两个并列的动作，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 24．Neither won the race, the display of human kindness won the day. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】but 【详解】考查连词。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但人类善良的展示赢得了胜利。前后句之间是转折关系，用表示转折的连词but连接两个分句，意为“但是”。故填but。 25．Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make what amazing technologies you will develop! (用适当的词填空) 【答案】or 【详解】考查连词。句意：谁知道你们将会创造出怎样的艺术杰作，取得怎样的医学进步，开发出怎样的惊人技术！“what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make”和“what amazing technologies you will develop”构成并列结构，结合句意，此处表示选择关系，应用连词or表示“或者”。故填or。 一、阅读理解 A Discovery Pass With a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass, you can: ●get unlimited booked travel to more than 365 destinations on the NSW TrainLink Regional train and coach network. ●choose a pass that suits your travel plans: 14 days, one month, three months or six months. ●choose a class of travel that suits your style: Economy or First Class (Premium). Please note that you cannot book a child ticket online with a Discovery Pass. You will instead need to call 13 22 32 or visit a sales agent. Before purchasing a pass, please read the relevant terms and rules. A NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass is non-refundable and it cannot be assigned to another person.Prices Pass type 14 days 1 month 3 months 6 months Adult Economy $232 $275 $298 $420 Adult Premium $300 $350 $400 $550 Child Economy $121 $143 $154 $220 Child Premium $154 $176 $220 $275 How to purchase a pass and book trips Step 1: Purchase a Discovery Pass Choose a time limit and class of travel that suits your needs. Step 2: Book your trips After you purchase a Discovery Pass, you have up to one month to book your first trip. The time limit on your pass will start from the departure date of your first booked trip. All trips must be booked and taken before the expiry (到期) date indicated on the pass. You must book each trip before you travel. Find out more about ways to book your ticket? Visit our website: https://transportnsw.info/tickets-opal/regional-tickets-fares/ways-to-book-your-ticket 1．What can you do with a Discovery Pass? A．Choose a weekly or monthly pass. B．Book a ticket online for your child. C．Choose an Economy class or a First class. D．Get unlimited booked travel to less than 365 destinations. 2．How much should a father with two children pay for a three-month NSW Trainlink Discovery Pass for Premium Class? A．$620 B．$840 C．$606 D．$820 3．Which statement is true about booking trips? A．You should book each trip after you travel. B．You can give the pass to others before you travel. C．You can book and take your trip after the expiry time. D．You have to book your first trip within a month after purchase. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了新南威尔士州铁路公司的探索通票，包括通票的使用权益、价格、购票及预订行程的相关规则等信息。 1．细节理解题。根据“With a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass, you can”部分中的“choose a class of travel that suits your style: Economy or First Class (Premium).(选择适合自己风格的旅行舱位：经济舱或头等舱（高级舱）)”可知，探索通票可选择经济舱或头等舱。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据“Prices”表格内容，成人高级舱三个月通票价格为$400，儿童高级舱三个月通票价格为$220。一位父亲带两个孩子购买该通票，总费用为$400 + $220×2 = $840。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据“How to purchase a pass and book trips”部分中的“After you purchase a Discovery Pass, you have up to one month to book your first trip.(购买探索通票后，你最多有一个月的时间预订你的第一次行程)”可知，购买通票后需在一个月内预订首次行程。故选D项。 B Americans use many expressions with the word dog. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog’s life, describes a person who has an unhappy life. Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. The hard work can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog. Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things. Husbands and wives use doghouse when they are angry at each other. For example, a woman might get angry at her husband for forgetting their wedding anniversary. She might tell him that he is in the doghouse and treats him badly. However, the husband may decide that it is best to leave things alone and not create more problems. He might decide to let sleeping dogs lie. Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs. 4．What does the underlined expression “work like a dog” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Work very hard. B．Have an unhappy life. C．Compete for the same things. D．Become successful. 5．If a man experiences a failure at work, what might his wife say to encourage him? A．It will rain cats and dogs. B．Every dog has its day. C．You lead a dog’s life. D．You are in the doghouse. 6．Which of the following has the same meaning as “leave things untouched”? A．Become sick as a dog. B．Teach an old dog new tricks. C．Let sleeping dogs lie. D．Make people dog-tired. 7．What’s the text mainly about? A．Expressions in American culture. B．Dog’s influence on American culture. C．A fun way to learn English. D．Some expressions with the word dog. 【答案】4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了美国人使用的一些与“dog”这个单词有关的表达方式，并解释了这些表达方式的含义和用法。 4．词句猜测题。根据上文“Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs.They say that to be successful,(有人说，我们生活在一个“弱肉强食”的世界里。意思是很多人都在争夺同样的东西，比如好工作。他们说，要想成功)”和下文“The hard work can make people dog-tired.(这份辛劳会让人“筋疲力尽”。)”可知，他们说，要想成功，就得“拼命工作”。由此可知，work like a dog意为“非常努力工作”。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life.(尽管如此，人们还是说每个人都会有成功的时候。这意味着每个人在一生中都会有一段成功的时期。)”可知，如果一个人在工作中失败了，他的妻子可能会说“每个人都会有成功的时候”来鼓励他。故选B。 6．词句猜测题。根据第四段“However, the husband may decide that it is best to leave things alone and not create more problems.(不过，丈夫或许会觉得最好顺其自然，别再引发更多麻烦。)”可知，let sleeping dogs lie意为“别自找麻烦”与“leave things untouched”意思相同。故选C。 7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Americans use many expressions with the word dog.(美国人使用很多带有‘dog’这个词的表达。)”可知，文章主要介绍了美国人使用的一些与“dog”这个单词有关的表达方式。故选D。 C In the current educational landscape, cooperative learning has emerged as a popular teaching method. Instead of studying alone, students are grouped together to complete tasks, exchange ideas, and learn from one another. While many educators believe it offers numerous benefits, there are also challenges that come with this approach. Dr. Laura Harris, a renowned education researcher, states, “Cooperative learning is not just about group work; it’s a dynamic process that can significantly enhance students’ social skills, critical thinking, and overall academic performance. It creates an environment where students actively engage with each other, which is essential for their growth.” However, she also acknowledges that proper guidance and organization are crucial for its success. One of the key advantages of cooperative learning lies in its ability to foster social interaction. When students work in groups, they learn to communicate effectively, listen to different perspectives, and resolve conflicts. For example, in a literature discussion group, students may have varying interpretations of a novel. Through dialogue, they can expand their understanding, learn to respect others’ viewpoints, and improve their own analytical skills. Cognitive psychologists explain that cooperative learning also promotes deeper learning. According to the Social Constructivism Theory, knowledge is constructed through social interaction. When students collaborate, they build on each other’s ideas, challenge assumptions, and construct new knowledge together. This process encourages active thinking, rather than passive absorption of information. Despite these benefits, cooperative learning is not without its problems. Some students may become free riders, relying on their group members to do most of the work. Others might struggle to express their opinions in a group setting, especially if the group dynamics are not well-managed. Additionally, teachers need to carefully design group tasks and monitor the progress to ensure that every student is actively involved. To address these challenges, educators can adopt several strategies. For instance, clearly defining individual responsibilities within the group can prevent free-riding behavior. Encouraging equal participation through rotating leadership roles and creating a safe and inclusive atmosphere can help shy students feel more comfortable sharing their thoughts. In conclusion, cooperative learning has the potential to transform the learning experience. By understanding its benefits and challenges and implementing appropriate strategies, educators can harness its power to create a more engaging and effective learning environment. After all, learning is not a solitary journey, but a collaborative adventure. 8．What is Dr. Laura Harris’s attitude towards cooperative learning? A．Critical. B．Indifferent. C．Supportive. D．Neutral. 9．How does cooperative learning promote deeper learning according to the text? A．By reducing the time students spend on passive learning. B．By increasing the amount of information students receive. C．By encouraging students to absorb different viewpoints passively. D．By enabling students to construct knowledge through social interaction. 10．Why are problems in cooperative learning mentioned in the text? A．To compare it with other teaching methods. B．To show it is more difficult to implement than expected. C．To stress the importance of addressing these issues for its success. D．To prove that cooperative learning is not suitable for all students. 11．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should be left to manage group tasks on their own. B．Teachers play a minor role in the success of cooperative learning. C．With proper handling, cooperative learning can greatly benefit students. D．Cooperative learning should replace traditional individual learning completely. 【答案】8．C 9．D 10．C 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了合作学习的教学方法，阐述了其优势、面临的问题，并提出了解决问题的策略。 8．推理判断题。根据第二段“Dr. Laura Harris, a renowned education researcher, states, “Cooperative learning is not just about group work; it’s a dynamic process that can significantly enhance students’ social skills, critical thinking, and overall academic performance.”(著名教育研究者Laura Harris博士说：“合作学习不仅仅是小组工作；这是一个动态的过程，可以显著提高学生的社交技能、批判性思维和整体学习成绩。”)”可推知， Laura Harris对合作学习的态度是支持的，故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第四段“Cognitive psychologists explain that cooperative learning also promotes deeper learning. According to the Social Constructivism Theory, knowledge is constructed through social interaction. When students collaborate, they build on each other’s ideas, challenge assumptions, and construct new knowledge together.(认知心理学家解释说，合作学习也促进了更深层次的学习。根据社会建构主义理论，知识是通过社会互动而构建出来的。当学生进行合作时，他们会相互借鉴观点、质疑假设，并共同构建新的知识)”可知，合作学习通过让学生在社交互动中构建知识，从而促进深度学习，故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Despite these benefits, cooperative learning is not without its problems.(尽管有这些好处，合作学习也不是没有问题)”及倒数第二段“To address these challenges, educators can adopt several strategies. For instance, clearly defining individual responsibilities within the group can prevent free-riding behavior. Encouraging equal participation through rotating leadership roles and creating a safe and inclusive atmosphere can help shy students feel more comfortable sharing their thoughts.(为应对这些挑战，教育工作者可以采取多种策略。例如，明确界定小组内每个人的职责可以防止“搭便车”行为。通过轮换领导角色以及营造安全和包容的氛围来鼓励平等参与，可以帮助害羞的学生更自在地表达自己的想法)”可知，解决了这些问题，合作学习才能是高效的。由此推知，提及这些问题是为了强调解决这些问题对合作学习成功的重要性，故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“By understanding its benefits and challenges, and implementing appropriate strategies, educators can harness its power to create a more engaging and effective learning environment.(通过了解其优势和挑战，并采取适当的策略，教育工作者能够充分利用其力量，营造出更具吸引力和更高效的学习环境)”可推知，作者暗示如果处理得当，合作学习能让学生受益匪浅，故选C。 D There is an academic department at Arizona State University that may surprise many people: More than 90% of undergraduates that have done a local internship (实习工作) are employed when they graduate. The department? Not business or computer science, as many people may initially guess, but English. It turns out that your parents are wrong. English majors — and others in humanities (人文学科) fields often seen as even less “marketable” — can get great jobs right out of college. Nationally, the number of humanities majors remained flat between 2015 and 2020. But at some US colleges, the number is increasing — and by a lot. At the University of California, Berkeley, the number of undergraduates with a major in the arts or humanities has gone up by more than 70% since 2013. And when it comes to job satisfaction, workers with undergraduate humanities degrees are just as happy with their careers as engineering and business majors. The humanities — which include English, philosophy, film studies, history and languages — are the study of human culture. Students who study these disciplines can expect to do a lot of writing, critical thinking, close reading and discussion. All of these are skills that develop a person’s ability to see a problem from many different angles and communicate persuasively. For some careers, an undergraduate degree in the humanities is a clear advantage. Billy Dunaway, chair of the philosophy department at the University of Missouri, says his students pursue careers in many fields, including business, public policy, insurance and computer science. For students planning to apply to law school, the way philosophy is taught — through the Socratic method, where the professor leads with a question which develops into a back-and-forth discussion and sometimes debate — prepares them well. Also, philosophy majors score better in the Law School Admission Test, on account of the fact that the test is essentially a logic test and many classes in law school are taught using the same Socratic method. 12．What is the common belief about humanities majors? A．They are losing their marketability. B．They have poor employment prospects. C．They get few internship opportunities. D．They are limited to humanities fields. 13．What can be learned from paragraph 2? A．Disciplines are treated equally nationwide. B．Job satisfaction varies greatly with majors. C．Undergraduates have various major choices. D．Humanities partly gain increasing recognition. 14．Which might be a focus of the humanities? A．Persuasive writing. B．Cross-disciplinary integration. C．Cultural understanding. D．Multidimensional problem-solving. 15．Why can philosophy benefit students planning to apply to law school? A．It improves their logical abilities. B．It covers knowledge of different fields. C．It emphasizes their critical thinking. D．It follows law school’s teaching method. 【答案】12．B 13．D 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大众普遍认为人文学科就业前景差，但实际其毕业生能获得优质工作、就业满意度高，且人文学科培养的核心技能对多个职业领域极具价值。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“It turns out that your parents are wrong. English majors—and others in humanities(人文学科) fields often seen as even less “marketable” — can get great jobs right out of college.(事实证明，你的父母错了。英语专业学生——以及其他常被认为“市场认可度”更低的人文学科学生——大学毕业后就能找到好工作。)”可知，人文学科常被认为“市场价值”更低，结合对父母们的认知错误的反驳，可推断大众普遍认为人文学科毕业生就业前景差。故选B。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But at some US colleges, the number is increasing—and by a lot. At the University of California, Berkeley, the number of undergraduates with a major in the arts or humanities has gone up by more than 70% since 2013. And when it comes to job satisfaction, workers with undergraduate humanities degrees are just as happy with their careers as engineering and business majors.(但在部分美国大学，人文学科的招生人数正在大幅增长：自2013年以来，加州大学伯克利分校的艺术或人文学科本科专业人数增长了70%以上。而且在工作满意度方面，拥有人文学科本科学位的从业者，其职业幸福感与工程学和商科专业毕业生不相上下。)”可知，部分美国大学的人文学科专业人数大幅增长，且人文学科毕业生就业满意度与工科、商科相当，说明人文学科逐步获得更多认可。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The humanities — which include English, philosophy, film studies, history and languages — are the study of human culture.(人文学科涵盖英语、哲学、电影研究、历史和语言等领域，是对人类文化的研究。)”可知，人文学科的核心是对人类文化的研究。故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Also, philosophy majors score better in the Law School Admission Test, on account of the fact that the test is essentially a logic test and many classes in law school are taught using the same Socratic method.(此外，哲学专业学生在法学院入学考试中表现更出色，因为该考试本质上是一场逻辑测试，且法学院的许多课程也采用与哲学专业相同的苏格拉底教学法。)”可知，哲学专业学生在法学院考试中表现更佳，原因是哲学培养了他们的逻辑能力。故选A。 七选五 Severe floods are becoming more and more common around the world. 16 , but could the way that cities are growing be making things worse? Could we design cities in a different way to reduce the risk of flooding? As cities expand and more and more land is underneath concrete, less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewage (污水) systems. As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases. 17 ? Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so. In 2013, he proposed the concept of ‘sponge (海绵) cities’, which are designed to absorb water like a sponge, reducing the risk of sudden floods. Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. 18 . Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one study. It has replaced the concrete culverts (涵洞) around the Oakley creek stream with green banks and connected parks. This has reduced flooding in the nearby residential areas as well as the number of associated pollutants which used to be washed into the sea. What Auckland has taken is only a natural approach. 19 , In Amsterdam, the Netherlands’ capital city, people have fixed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings. These roofs have a layer of plants on the outside, and then layers underneath which collect and store rainwater. This water can be used by people in the building below to water plants or clean toilets. Advanced software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximize the system’s ability to absorb rainwater. 20 . A．A system like that does actually work B．The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall C．Could it be that we’ve been taking the wrong approach D．But a much more high-tech method has already been applied E．Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world F．Is the natural approach sufficient when we’re faced with increased rainfall G．It can even identify the city’s risky areas and tailor the response accordingly 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．E 19．D 20．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球洪水频发背景下，通过城市设计新思路，如海绵城市概念及高科技方法，来降低洪水风险。 16．由上文“Severe floods are becoming more and more common around the world.(全球范围内，严重洪水越来越常见。)”可知，本空应解释洪水频发的原因。B选项“The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall(气候变暖导致降雨量增加)”解释了洪水频发的一个原因能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 17．由下文“Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so. In 2013, he proposed the concept of ‘sponge (海绵) cities’, which are designed to absorb water-like a sponge-reducing the risk of sudden floods.(中国景观建筑师俞孔坚对此深信不疑。2013年，他提出了“海绵城市”的概念，旨在像海绵一样吸收水分，降低突发洪水的风险。)”可知，本空应询问是否有可能因为某种错误的方法或观念导致洪水问题加剧。C选项“Could it be that we’ve been taking the wrong approach(会不会是我们一直采取的方法是错误的)”引出了下文对城市设计新思路的讨论，符合题意且为一般疑问句。故选C。 18．由上文“Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. (鼓励采用自然解决方案，利用河边公园和池塘来吸收洪水。)”及下文“Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one study.(在新西兰的一项研究中，奥克兰被评为最“海绵”的城市。)”可知，本空应强调这种自然解决方案在更大范围内的应用。E选项“Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world(受此启发，全球各地的城市都采取了类似的措施)”概括了全球城市对海绵城市概念的实践，符合题意。故选E。 19．由上文“What Auckland has taken is only a natural approach. (奥克兰所采取的只是一种自然方法。)”及下文“In Amsterdam, the Netherlands’ capital city, people have fixed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings. (在荷兰首都阿姆斯特丹，人们在许多建筑物上安装了蓝绿色屋顶。)”可知，本空应转折强调存在一种更高科技的方法已被应用。D选项“But a much more high-tech method has already been applied(但是一种更高级的高科技方法已经被应用)”能承接上文，并引出了下文对阿姆斯特丹高科技方法的介绍，符合题意。故选D。 20．由上文“Advanced software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximize the system’s ability to absorb rainwater.(先进的软件甚至可以告诉屋顶在即将到来的暴风雨前释放水分，以最大化系统吸收雨水的能力。)”可知，本空需进一步补充该高科技系统的功能，体现其先进性。G选项“It can even identify the city’s risky areas and tailor the response accordingly.(它甚至可以识别城市的危险区域，并相应地调整应对措施。)中的“it”指代前文的“advanced software”，延续了对系统功能的介绍，符合题意。故选G。 二、完形填空 My husband’s career has led to our family relocating many times. With each move, to make friends, I explored new 21 , like drawing, and joined various clubs and groups, just without a ball. That 22 when our family moved to Ankara, Turkey. If I wanted a 23 life in the new community, I’d have to play tennis. Having bought a tennis skirt and a racket (球拍), I appeared at my 24 . With an encouraging coach, I 25 to show up, with a racket in hand and a smile on my face. I 26 criticism and learned to laugh at my mistakes. Despite my new can-do 27 , my swings were often met with nothing but air. Laughing and learning, I kept swinging and trying, 28 the progress I was making. After a few months of lessons, the practice provided me with the 29 to play Cardio Tennis before a sold-out audience. Grasping my racket, I made my way to the court. As they 30 the rules of the game to me, I worriedly declared, “I’m an amateur! Though I’m 31 to be here, I apologize in advance!” The hours we spent together were full of laughter, 32 and friendship. They praised my forehand and sympathized when I 33 a return. I put myself out there, unashamedly 34 my rookie (新手) state. But by putting myself in the 35 , I developed a sense of achievement, learned a new skill and made new friends. 21．A．missions B．routes C．hobbies D．traditions 22．A．occurred B．changed C．failed D．developed 23．A．global B．practical C．common D．social 24．A．lessons B．activities C．researches D．events 25．A．decided B．continued C．stopped D．refused 26．A．demanded B．guided C．discovered D．accepted 27．A．attitude B．analysis C．attempt D．strategy 28．A．working out B．giving up C．focusing on D．putting away 29．A．need B．confidence C．aim D．duty 30．A．explained B．contributed C．applied D．referred 31．A．disappointed B．calm C．confused D．happy 32．A．pressure B．encouragement C．silence D．blame 33．A．spotted B．picked C．missed D．rewarded 34．A．showing B．doubting C．expecting D．noticing 35．A．target B．theory C．plan D．game 【答案】 21．C 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．A 31．D 32．B 33．C 34．A 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因丈夫工作多次搬家，为交朋友尝试新事物，在土耳其安卡拉时通过学习网球，不仅掌握了新技能，还收获了友谊和成就感的故事。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每次搬家，为了结交朋友，我都会探索新的爱好，比如画画，还会加入各种俱乐部和团体，只是不参加球类运动。A. missions使命；B. routes路线；C. hobbies爱好；D. traditions传统。根据下文“like drawing”可知，此处指探索新的爱好，故选C项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们家搬到土耳其安卡拉时，情况发生了变化。A. occurred发生；B. changed改变；C. failed失败；D. developed发展。根据下文“I’d have to play tennis.”可知，作者以前不参加球类运动，现在开始打网球了，可推断出此处说的是作者搬到安卡拉后情况发生了变化，故选B项。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我想在新社区过上社交生活，我就得打网球。A. global全球的；B. practical实际的；C. common常见的；D. social社交的。根据上文“to make friends”及下文“I’d have to play tennis.”可知，上文提到结交朋友，下文提到开始打网球，可推断出作者想在新社区过上社交生活，故选D项。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我买了一条网球裙和一个球拍，然后出现在我的网球课上。A. lessons课程；B. activities活动；C. researches研究；D. events事件。根据下文“After a few months of lessons”可知，作者买了网球裙和球拍后去上网球课，故选A项。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一位善于鼓励人的教练的鼓励下，我继续上课，手里拿着球拍，脸上带着微笑。A. decided决定；B. continued继续；C. stopped停止；D. refused拒绝。根据上文“With an encouraging coach”及下文“with a racket in hand and a smile on my face”可知，上文说的是在教练的鼓励下，下文说的是手里拿着球拍，脸上带着微笑，可推断出作者继续去上网球课，故选B项。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我接受了批评，并学会了对自己的错误一笑了之。A. demanded要求；B. guided指导；C. discovered发现；D. accepted接受。根据下文“learned to laugh at my mistakes”可知，作者学会了对自己的错误一笑了之，可推断出此处说的是作者接受了批评，故选D项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我有了新的积极态度，但我的挥拍常常只碰到空气。A. attitude态度；B. analysis分析；C. attempt尝试；D. strategy策略。根据上文“learned to laugh at my mistakes”可知，作者学会了对自己的错误一笑了之，可推断出作者有了新的积极态度，故选A项。 28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我笑着学习，不停地挥拍和尝试，专注于我所取得的进步。A. working out计算出；B. giving up放弃；C. focusing on专注于；D. putting away收起来。根据下文“the progress I was making”可知，下文提到了作者取得的进步，可推断出作者专注于自己所取得的进步，故选C项。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：上了几个月的课后，练习给了我在满座观众面前打 “有氧网球” 的信心。A. need需要；B. confidence信心；C. aim目标；D. duty责任，本分。根据下文“ Grasping my racket, I made my way to the court.”可知，上了几个月课后，作者有了在满座观众前打球的信心。故选B项。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们向我解释比赛规则时，我担心地宣称：“我是业余选手！虽然我很高兴来到这里，但我提前道歉！”A. explained解释；B. contributed贡献；C. applied申请；D. referred参考。根据下文“the rules of the game to me”可知，下文提到了比赛的规则，可推断出别人向作者解释比赛规则，故选A项。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同第10题。A. disappointed失望的；B. calm冷静的；C. confused困惑的；D. happy高兴的。根据下文“The hours we spent together were full of laughter”可知，下文说的是我们在一起的几个小时充满了欢笑，可推断出作者很高兴来到这里，故选D项。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在一起的几个小时充满了欢笑、鼓励和友谊。A. pressure压力；B. encouragement鼓励；C. silence沉默；D. blame责备。根据上下文“They praised my forehand”可知，下文说的是他们称赞我的正手击球，可推断出作者和球友们在一起的几个小时充满了欢笑和鼓励，故选B项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们称赞我的正手击球，并在我未能回球时表示同情。A. spotted发现；B. picked挑选；C. missed错过；D. rewarded奖励。根据上文“sympathized”及下文“a return”可知，上文说的是同情，下文说的是回球，可推断出此处说的是作者错过回球，故选C项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我全身心投入其中，毫不羞愧地展现自己的新手状态。A. showing展示；B. doubting怀疑；C. expecting期待；D. noticing注意到。根据上文“I’m an amateur!”及下文“my rookie (新手) state”可知，上文说的是作者当众说明自己是业余选手，下文提到了新手状态，可推断出此处说的是作者毫不羞愧地展示自己的新手状态，故选A项。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但通过让自己参与这项运动项目，我培养了一种成就感，学会了一项新技能，并结交了新朋友。A. target目标；B. theory理论；C. plan计划；D. game运动项目。根据上文“play Cardio Tennis”及下文“I developed a sense of achievement, learned a new skill and made new friends”可知，上文说的是有氧网球，下文说的是我培养了一种成就感，学会了一项新技能，并结交了新朋友，可推断出此处说的是作者通过让自己参与网球这项运动项目，培养了成就感，学会了一项新技能，并结交了新朋友，故选D项。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A new trend is taking Chinese travel to new heights. Known as “Cityfly”, it sees thrill-seekers trading city sidewalks for skylines and level 36 (explore) for vertical (垂直) landscapes. Following in the footsteps of “Citywalk”, “Cityfly”, ranging from paragliding (滑翔伞运动) and skydiving to scenic helicopter rides, is fast becoming a 37 (fashion) word among young Chinese travelers, which reflects a consumer shift 38 (drive) by China’s booming low-altitude (低空) economy. In Zhejiang Province, low-altitude tourism is shifting from a minority adventure to a mainstream pursuit. During the eight-day National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holiday 39 just passed, Huzhou City launched 16 low-altitude flight routes 40 (connect) seven sites, attracting a growing number of tourists. The trend is evident nationwide. In Sanya, skydiving has become one of the hottest 41 (attraction). Experts owed this rise in air tourism's popularity 42 China's fast-developing low-altitude economy, which has reduced flight costs and sparked public enthusiasm for flying experiences. So far, flight costs 43 (fall) sharply from around 3, 000 yuan per person a decade ago to about 1, 000 yuan today, 44 (significant) improving accessibility to low-altitude experiences for the general public. China's low-altitude economy has gained pulling force never existed before as a new growth engine. There are 89, 000 active enterprises related to the low-altitude economy in China. Low-altitude tourism has bridged a gap in the market 45 injected new motive force into tourism consumption. 【答案】 36．exploration 37．fashionable 38．driven 39．that/which 40．connecting 41．attractions 42．to 43．have fallen 44．significantly 45．and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国新兴旅游趋势“城市飞行”。 36．考查名词。句意：这种被称为“城市飞行”（Cityfly）的潮流，让追求刺激的人们告别城市人行道、投向天际线，用平面探索换取垂直景观体验。此处应用名词作介词for的宾语，exploration探索，是抽象名词，不可数。故填exploration。 37．考查形容词。句意：紧随“城市漫步”（Citywalk）之后，“城市飞行”涵盖滑翔伞、跳伞、景观直升机观光等项目，正迅速成为中国年轻游客中的流行词汇，这一现象反映了在中国蓬勃发展的低空经济推动下的消费转变。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词word，fashionable意为“流行的”。故填fashionable。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：紧随“城市漫步”（Citywalk）之后，“城市飞行”涵盖滑翔伞、跳伞、景观直升机观光等项目，正迅速成为中国年轻游客中的流行词汇，这一现象反映了在中国蓬勃发展的低空经济推动下的消费转变。空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词shift，shift和drive之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填driven。 39．考查定语从句。句意：在刚刚过去的八天国庆中秋双节假期里，湖州市推出了16条低空飞行航线，连接七个景点，吸引了越来越多的游客。空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词holiday，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：在刚刚过去的八天国庆中秋双节假期里，湖州市推出了16条低空飞行航线，连接七个景点，吸引了越来越多的游客。空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词routes，routes和connect之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填connecting。 41．考查名词。句意：在三亚，跳伞已成为最热门的景点之一。one of后应用名词复数形式。故填attractions。 42．考查介词。句意：专家将航空旅游热度的上升归因于中国快速发展的低空经济，它降低了飞行成本，激发了公众对飞行体验的热情。owe...to...为固定搭配，意为“把……归功于……”。故填to。 43．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：截至目前，飞行成本已从十年前每人约3000元大幅降至如今的约1000元，极大地提高了普通大众参与低空体验的可及性。根据时间状语So far可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是flight costs，助动词用have。故填have fallen。 44．考查副词。句意：截至目前，飞行成本已从十年前每人约3000元大幅降至如今的约1000元，极大地提高了普通大众参与低空体验的可及性。此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词improving。故填significantly。 45．考查连词。句意：低空旅游填补了市场空白，为旅游消费注入了新的动力。此处连接两个并列谓语“has bridged”和“(has) injected”，应用and连接。故填and。 四、书信写作 46．假定你是李华，本学期你校开设了英国文学课，但是你不太适应外教的授课。你决定给英国朋友Jack写一邮件，寻求他的帮助。要点包括： 1.告知困难；2.寻求帮助。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jack, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Hua 【答案】范文1: Dear Jack, How are you doing? I’m writing to you because I’m facing some difficulties with my new British Literature course this semester. Our teacher is a native English speaker, and while I appreciate the authentic environment, I find it hard to fully follow his lectures due to his fast speaking pace and the use of many idioms. I was wondering if you could give me some advice on how to better understand native speakers in an academic setting. Perhaps you could recommend some helpful resources or learning strategies. I would be truly grateful for any help you can offer. Best regards, Li Hua 范文2: Dear Jack, Hope this email finds you well. This semester, my school has introduced a British Literature course taught by a professor from the UK. It’s a great opportunity, but I’m struggling to adapt. Beyond the challenge of his accent, I often miss the cultural context and historical allusions(历史典故) he mentions, which makes grasping the themes of the literary works quite difficult. As a native, your insight would be invaluable. Could you perhaps share your perspective on some key historical periods or authors? Any guidance to bridge this cultural gap would be a huge help. Looking forward to hearing from you. Best regards, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jack写一邮件，就自己不太适应外教的授课的问题寻求帮助。 【详解】1.词汇积累 困难：difficulty→hardship 完全地：fully→completely 感激的：grateful→appreciative 帮助：help→assistance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Perhaps you could recommend some helpful resources or learning strategies. 拓展句：Perhaps you could recommend some  resources or learning strategies that are useful. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m writing to you because I’m facing some difficulties with my new British Literature course this semester.（运用了because引导原因状语从句） [高分句型2] I was wondering if you could give me some advice on how to better understand native speakers in an academic setting.（运用了if引导宾语从句，“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作宾语） 五、书面表达 47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The Forest’s Second Chance The forest bore the clear, painful scars of a recent, fierce battle — not with guns, but against raging flames. Three months back, a wildfire tore through the area with terrifying force, leaving a landscape of hopelessness and destruction. The once lively, thick woodland now lay in complete ruins. Burnt tree trunks stood like bony skeleton fingers. Their blackened wood felt rough and uneven to the touch. They stuck out like broken bones, reaching uselessly toward the gray, smoke-filled sky, as if making a last, helpless appeal. Tiny, weak flames still glowed in the narrow gaps between the trunks, like faint orange glimmers swaying gently, threatening to burst into a roaring blaze again. The ground, once soft with moss and full of colorful wildflowers — purple clover dancing in the wind and bright yellow daisies nodding — was now a hard, dry layer of ash. Stepping on it, the ash crumbled into fine, powdery dust that stuck to shoes, leaving light gray marks like disaster trails. It had a sharp smell that stung the nose and made eyes water. The air was thick with the lingering bad odor of burning wood, and a dead silence prevailed. The usual happy bird chirps, once filling the forest with life, were gone, leaving it in a strange, lonely quiet. That silence was shattered when the volunteers showed up. Many covered their mouths with hands, tears streaming down. Maria, the volunteer leader, her fingers trembling as she brushed ash off a scorched sapling(烧焦的幼苗), whispered in a choked voice, “It was so beautiful here before.” Old Mr. Henderson, silver-haired and bent, stood staring at the woodland he’d known for 40 years. His hands shook when touching a blackened tree trunk. Then he sighed heavily, full of grief. “We’ll fix it,” he said, softly but firmly. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Rolling up their sleeves, the volunteers got to work. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A week later, a true miracle unfolded before their eyes. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】       Rolling up their sleeves, the volunteers got to work. Maria divided them into groups: some cleared charred branches and debris; others carried young saplings with soil-wrapped roots, avoiding warm patches. Mr. Henderson’s weathered hands dug holes steadily despite the ache. “Plant here, where sunlight reaches,” he said, pointing to gaps between old trunks. Silent, driven by quiet determination, the only sounds were shovel scrapes and rustling leaves. By dusk, rows of tiny green shoots stood amid the gray—a fragile hope.       A week later, a true miracle unfolded before their eyes. Saplings sprang to life, leaves glowing bright green. Wildflowers pushed through ash, petals faintly purple and yellow. A woodpecker tapped a charred trunk, its call echoing. Maria brushed ash off a sprouting fern, voice trembling with joy. Mr. Henderson smiled, eyes wrinkling gently. “It’s coming back,” he whispered. Scarred but unbroken, the forest took fragile steps toward renewal, a living promise that hope takes root even in the darkest of ashes. 【导语】本文以志愿者修复火灾后森林的行动与森林的复苏为线索展开，讲述了森林遭遇野火毁坏后，志愿者们齐心协力种植幼苗，最终森林重焕生机的故事。 【详解】 1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“志愿者们卷起袖子，开始投入工作。”可知，第一段可描写志愿者们分工合作、辛勤种植幼苗的具体过程与场景。 ②由第二段首句内容“一周后，一个真正的奇迹在他们眼前上演。”可知，第二段可描写一周后森林里植物、动物的复苏景象，以及志愿者们的情感与感悟。 2. 续写线索： 志愿者抵达森林—— 分工劳作种植幼苗—— 幼苗挺立—— 一周后植物动物复苏—— 志愿者见证奇迹—— 森林迈向新生 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①清理： clear/ tidy up ②种植： plant/ sow ③拂去： brush off/ wipe away 情绪类 ①决心： determination/ resolve ②喜悦： joy/ delight 【点睛】【高分句型1】“Plant here, where sunlight reaches,” he said, pointing to gaps between old trunks.(运用了where引导的非限定性定语从句和现在分词作伴随状语) 【高分句型2】Scarred but unbroken, the forest took fragile steps toward renewal, a living promise that hope takes root even in the darkest of ashes.(运用了形容词作状语和that引导的同位语从句) / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 连词和并列复合句 ( 目录 学考要求速览 ...............................................................................................................1 必备知识梳理 ...............................................................................................................1 高频考点精讲 ...............................................................................................................4 进阶分级练 ..................................................................................................................12 ) 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析 考查并列顺承关系（高频连词and） 熟练掌握常见的并列顺承连词的用法，尤其是and （2025·新高考I卷）61.and （2025·新高考II卷）39.and （2024·新高考II卷）45.and （2023年1月浙江卷）and （2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）and （2022·新高考I卷）and 根据新高考三年的考情分析，连词和并列复合句主要集中考查：主要考查并列连词and，but，or和yet；有关祈使句和并列句的相关句型；并列句在书面表达中也经常被用到。 预计在2026年高考中，还会集中考查并列连词and，but，or；其次，在书面表达中也会考查并列句的使用。 考查转折对比关系（高频连词but/yet/while） 熟练掌握常见转折对比连词的用法，尤其是but （2023·全国乙卷）but/yet （2021全国甲卷）but 考查选择关系（高频连词or） 掌握选择关系的连词及句型 （2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）or （2014新课标I卷）or 特别关注成对出现的连词 熟练掌握常考成对出现的连词 （2024年1月浙江高考真题）57.either...or... （2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）whether...or... （2021年浙江卷）neither...nor... 考点一 并列连词及句型 用法 连词 例句 表并列、递进或顺承关系 and, both... and..., neither... nor...，not only... but also..., as well as During the first three years, children learn the basic skills they will use in all their later learning both at home and at school.在前3年，孩子们会学习以后在家里和在学校学习中所需要用的基本技能。 表转折关系 but, yet, nevertheless What we are about to do is perfectly legal. But please don't discuss it with anyone. 我们要做的事完全合法，但请不要与任何人讨论这件事。 表选择关系 either... or...， not... but..., or, or else, rather than Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。 表因果关系 for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首), so He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。 and与or用于并列句 祈使句＋and＋陈述句，and表顺承 Find ways to praise your children often, and you'll find they will open their hearts to you. 设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们乐意向你敞开心扉。 祈使句＋or＋陈述句，or表转折 表对比 while强调对比关系，意为“然而；而” I like English while my little sister is fond of art. 我喜欢英语而我的妹妹热爱艺术。 二、常见的并列句型 (1)表递进关系：常用的并列连词有and, not only...but (also)．.., neither...nor..., not...but...等。 He had plenty of money and he spent it freely. 他有足够的钱，可以随便花。 Not only did he speak more correctly, but(also) he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得更正确，而且说得更轻松。 (2)表选择关系：常用的并列连词有or, either...or..., otherwise等。 Either you are right, or I am. 要么你对，要么我对。 Don't drive so fast or/otherwise you'll have an accident. 不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。 (3)表转折关系：常用的并列连词有but, yet, whereas, while等。 Jane said she was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now. 简说她病了，但刚才我在街上看到了她。 Some men are rich, while/whereas others are poor. 一些人很富有但其他人很贫穷。 (4)表因果关系：常用的并列连词有so, for。 It must have rained last night for it is wet all over. 昨晚一定下雨了，到处都这么湿。 The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk. 商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。 (5)when还可用作并列连词，其意思为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式： ①sb was doing sth when... ②sb was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth when... ③sb had just done sth when... We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会，这时突然有人闯了进来。 We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. 我们正打算动身，这时突然下起了雨。 (6)while作并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。 He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。 考点二 并列复合句 一个完整的句子如果既含有并列句又含有复合句，就是并列复合句（Compound Complex Sentences）。这种句子结构虽然复杂，但是这种有形的连接手段可以使得整个句子错落有致，清晰地表达思想，在写作中运用恰当，可以避免句型单调的问题。 Some students don't know how they can spend the two-day weekend, so you may find them playing cards or sleeping whenever you go to their dorms.   由and或其他并列连词将简单句和复合句或复合句和复合句连接起来构成的句子称为并列复合句。 You may turn to Jane for help if you like, but I believe that you had better do it yourself. 如果你愿意，你可以向简寻求帮助，不过我认为你最好还是自己做。(复合句+but+复合句） 考点一 并列连词及句型 例1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed. 例2.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）It’s been an honour to watch the panda programme develop 　　　　　　 to see the pandas settle into their new home. 例3.（2023·1月新高考浙江卷）During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ________ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. 例4.（2022·新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ______ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 1．I wanted to combining business with social impacts ________ I found the way to use profits from everyday products to do good globally. 2．In the north, people tend to eat dumplings, whose shape looks like ears, in order to prevent people from frostbite (冻疮) on ears, ________ people in southern China prefer sweet dumplings, rice balls and long noodles to express their good wishes. 3．Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a game－changer, ________ it comes with pros and cons. 4．People say there seems to be so much negativity in this world, ________ there are good people out there and sometimes we are made aware of them when we least expect it. 5．In short, the legacy of Clay Figurine Zhang in Tianjin embodies a profound cultural heritage ________ it will continue to attract audiences with its dynamic sculptures and vivid colors. 考点二 并列复合句 例1.（2019新课标II卷）Irene said," I don't see any reason to give up work. I work not because I have to, _________because I want to.” 例2.（2024年1月浙江高考真题）Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 57 you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. 例3.（2025·吉林省普通高中高三一模）Africans are the most diverse people in the world. Perhaps this has a connection with the fact that they are the earliest humans, it has been proven that humans adapt to the different environments they find themselves in over time as they migrate. 1．To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 2．It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 3．My bike was old and shaky did the job. 4．It’s also that they are on average healthier more productive for longer. 5．In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. 一、单项选择 1．I like grapes very much，________I don’t like pears at all. A．/ B．or C．so D．but 2．It was a long_______ dull talk for me to say so much. A．so B．and C．but D．or 3．We ran to the hill, _______ we couldn’t see any more butterflies. A．but B．so C．and D．for 4．I’d like to go shopping with you, ________ I’m too busy with the housework today. A．but B．and C．so D．or 5．Risks and opportunities are two sides of the same coin. Is there a single decision we’ve made in life ________ carries either hidden risks or unexpected opportunities beneath its surface? A．that B．but C．where D．which 6．It is only one year and a half after the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge started working, ________ it has served over 24 million passengers. A．so B．but C．or 7．The experiment was repeated several times, ______ the results were consistent each time. A．and B．however C．or D．so 8．The young man saved money for years, ______ he could afford to buy his own house. He was very proud of himself, ______ his parents were also happy for him. A．in order that; but B．such that; or C．to that; nor D．so that; and 9．Try to be the master of your life. Life is a horse and ________ you ride it ________ it rides you. A．either, or B．neither, nor C．both, and D．not only, but also 10．A true friend can see the pain in your eyes ________ others believe the smile on your face A．because B．while C．before D．until 11．There is no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery ________ another man, also intelligent, fails. A．since B．if C．as D．whilst 12．Some people waste food _________ others haven’t enough. A．though B．as C．while D．when 13．Some people believe ________ space exploration expands our understanding of the universe, it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth. A．that while B．that C．while that D．while 14．—What he enjoys _____ great and interesting. —Yes, ___ it’s dangerous. A．sounds, but B．sounding, but C．sounds, so D．to sound ,so 15．The book is very interesting, ______ it contains a lot of valuable information. People like to read it, ______ they can learn a lot from it. A．but; Or B．or; Nor C．nor; But D．and; And 二、语法填空 16．We post-2000s generations are not a lost generation, a generation that can contribute to the future of our country. 17．The expert says up till now Inner Mongolia’s control effectiveness has ranked first among the 13 places involved that hopefully it will set an excellent example for others around the country to follow. 18．She likes singing, her brother prefers dancing. 19．Tiger, probably didn’t know what it was, he knew it would make me happy. 20．It is those who are willing to give rather receive that deserve to be respected. 21．Adam says that he likes animals he doesn’t like cats. 22．She studies hard and is clever, her brother is lazy. 23．Kids can test their skills compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. 24．Neither won the race, the display of human kindness won the day. 25．Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make what amazing technologies you will develop! 一、阅读理解 A Discovery Pass With a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass, you can: ●get unlimited booked travel to more than 365 destinations on the NSW TrainLink Regional train and coach network. ●choose a pass that suits your travel plans: 14 days, one month, three months or six months. ●choose a class of travel that suits your style: Economy or First Class (Premium). Please note that you cannot book a child ticket online with a Discovery Pass. You will instead need to call 13 22 32 or visit a sales agent. Before purchasing a pass, please read the relevant terms and rules. A NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass is non-refundable and it cannot be assigned to another person.Prices Pass type 14 days 1 month 3 months 6 months Adult Economy $232 $275 $298 $420 Adult Premium $300 $350 $400 $550 Child Economy $121 $143 $154 $220 Child Premium $154 $176 $220 $275 How to purchase a pass and book trips Step 1: Purchase a Discovery Pass Choose a time limit and class of travel that suits your needs. Step 2: Book your trips After you purchase a Discovery Pass, you have up to one month to book your first trip. The time limit on your pass will start from the departure date of your first booked trip. All trips must be booked and taken before the expiry (到期) date indicated on the pass. You must book each trip before you travel. Find out more about ways to book your ticket? Visit our website: https://transportnsw.info/tickets-opal/regional-tickets-fares/ways-to-book-your-ticket 1．What can you do with a Discovery Pass? A．Choose a weekly or monthly pass. B．Book a ticket online for your child. C．Choose an Economy class or a First class. D．Get unlimited booked travel to less than 365 destinations. 2．How much should a father with two children pay for a three-month NSW Trainlink Discovery Pass for Premium Class? A．$620 B．$840 C．$606 D．$820 3．Which statement is true about booking trips? A．You should book each trip after you travel. B．You can give the pass to others before you travel. C．You can book and take your trip after the expiry time. D．You have to book your first trip within a month after purchase. B Americans use many expressions with the word dog. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog’s life, describes a person who has an unhappy life. Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. The hard work can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog. Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things. Husbands and wives use doghouse when they are angry at each other. For example, a woman might get angry at her husband for forgetting their wedding anniversary. She might tell him that he is in the doghouse and treats him badly. However, the husband may decide that it is best to leave things alone and not create more problems. He might decide to let sleeping dogs lie. Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs. 4．What does the underlined expression “work like a dog” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Work very hard. B．Have an unhappy life. C．Compete for the same things. D．Become successful. 5．If a man experiences a failure at work, what might his wife say to encourage him? A．It will rain cats and dogs. B．Every dog has its day. C．You lead a dog’s life. D．You are in the doghouse. 6．Which of the following has the same meaning as “leave things untouched”? A．Become sick as a dog. B．Teach an old dog new tricks. C．Let sleeping dogs lie. D．Make people dog-tired. 7．What’s the text mainly about? A．Expressions in American culture. B．Dog’s influence on American culture. C．A fun way to learn English. D．Some expressions with the word dog. C In the current educational landscape, cooperative learning has emerged as a popular teaching method. Instead of studying alone, students are grouped together to complete tasks, exchange ideas, and learn from one another. While many educators believe it offers numerous benefits, there are also challenges that come with this approach. Dr. Laura Harris, a renowned education researcher, states, “Cooperative learning is not just about group work; it’s a dynamic process that can significantly enhance students’ social skills, critical thinking, and overall academic performance. It creates an environment where students actively engage with each other, which is essential for their growth.” However, she also acknowledges that proper guidance and organization are crucial for its success. One of the key advantages of cooperative learning lies in its ability to foster social interaction. When students work in groups, they learn to communicate effectively, listen to different perspectives, and resolve conflicts. For example, in a literature discussion group, students may have varying interpretations of a novel. Through dialogue, they can expand their understanding, learn to respect others’ viewpoints, and improve their own analytical skills. Cognitive psychologists explain that cooperative learning also promotes deeper learning. According to the Social Constructivism Theory, knowledge is constructed through social interaction. When students collaborate, they build on each other’s ideas, challenge assumptions, and construct new knowledge together. This process encourages active thinking, rather than passive absorption of information. Despite these benefits, cooperative learning is not without its problems. Some students may become free riders, relying on their group members to do most of the work. Others might struggle to express their opinions in a group setting, especially if the group dynamics are not well-managed. Additionally, teachers need to carefully design group tasks and monitor the progress to ensure that every student is actively involved. To address these challenges, educators can adopt several strategies. For instance, clearly defining individual responsibilities within the group can prevent free-riding behavior. Encouraging equal participation through rotating leadership roles and creating a safe and inclusive atmosphere can help shy students feel more comfortable sharing their thoughts. In conclusion, cooperative learning has the potential to transform the learning experience. By understanding its benefits and challenges and implementing appropriate strategies, educators can harness its power to create a more engaging and effective learning environment. After all, learning is not a solitary journey, but a collaborative adventure. 8．What is Dr. Laura Harris’s attitude towards cooperative learning? A．Critical. B．Indifferent. C．Supportive. D．Neutral. 9．How does cooperative learning promote deeper learning according to the text? A．By reducing the time students spend on passive learning. B．By increasing the amount of information students receive. C．By encouraging students to absorb different viewpoints passively. D．By enabling students to construct knowledge through social interaction. 10．Why are problems in cooperative learning mentioned in the text? A．To compare it with other teaching methods. B．To show it is more difficult to implement than expected. C．To stress the importance of addressing these issues for its success. D．To prove that cooperative learning is not suitable for all students. 11．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should be left to manage group tasks on their own. B．Teachers play a minor role in the success of cooperative learning. C．With proper handling, cooperative learning can greatly benefit students. D．Cooperative learning should replace traditional individual learning completely. D There is an academic department at Arizona State University that may surprise many people: More than 90% of undergraduates that have done a local internship (实习工作) are employed when they graduate. The department? Not business or computer science, as many people may initially guess, but English. It turns out that your parents are wrong. English majors — and others in humanities (人文学科) fields often seen as even less “marketable” — can get great jobs right out of college. Nationally, the number of humanities majors remained flat between 2015 and 2020. But at some US colleges, the number is increasing — and by a lot. At the University of California, Berkeley, the number of undergraduates with a major in the arts or humanities has gone up by more than 70% since 2013. And when it comes to job satisfaction, workers with undergraduate humanities degrees are just as happy with their careers as engineering and business majors. The humanities — which include English, philosophy, film studies, history and languages — are the study of human culture. Students who study these disciplines can expect to do a lot of writing, critical thinking, close reading and discussion. All of these are skills that develop a person’s ability to see a problem from many different angles and communicate persuasively. For some careers, an undergraduate degree in the humanities is a clear advantage. Billy Dunaway, chair of the philosophy department at the University of Missouri, says his students pursue careers in many fields, including business, public policy, insurance and computer science. For students planning to apply to law school, the way philosophy is taught — through the Socratic method, where the professor leads with a question which develops into a back-and-forth discussion and sometimes debate — prepares them well. Also, philosophy majors score better in the Law School Admission Test, on account of the fact that the test is essentially a logic test and many classes in law school are taught using the same Socratic method. 12．What is the common belief about humanities majors? A．They are losing their marketability. B．They have poor employment prospects. C．They get few internship opportunities. D．They are limited to humanities fields. 13．What can be learned from paragraph 2? A．Disciplines are treated equally nationwide. B．Job satisfaction varies greatly with majors. C．Undergraduates have various major choices. D．Humanities partly gain increasing recognition. 14．Which might be a focus of the humanities? A．Persuasive writing. B．Cross-disciplinary integration. C．Cultural understanding. D．Multidimensional problem-solving. 15．Why can philosophy benefit students planning to apply to law school? A．It improves their logical abilities. B．It covers knowledge of different fields. C．It emphasizes their critical thinking. D．It follows law school’s teaching method. 七选五 Severe floods are becoming more and more common around the world. 16 , but could the way that cities are growing be making things worse? Could we design cities in a different way to reduce the risk of flooding? As cities expand and more and more land is underneath concrete, less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewage (污水) systems. As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases. 17 ? Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so. In 2013, he proposed the concept of ‘sponge (海绵) cities’, which are designed to absorb water like a sponge, reducing the risk of sudden floods. Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. 18 . Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one study. It has replaced the concrete culverts (涵洞) around the Oakley creek stream with green banks and connected parks. This has reduced flooding in the nearby residential areas as well as the number of associated pollutants which used to be washed into the sea. What Auckland has taken is only a natural approach. 19 , In Amsterdam, the Netherlands’ capital city, people have fixed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings. These roofs have a layer of plants on the outside, and then layers underneath which collect and store rainwater. This water can be used by people in the building below to water plants or clean toilets. Advanced software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximize the system’s ability to absorb rainwater. 20 . A．A system like that does actually work B．The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall C．Could it be that we’ve been taking the wrong approach D．But a much more high-tech method has already been applied E．Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world F．Is the natural approach sufficient when we’re faced with increased rainfall G．It can even identify the city’s risky areas and tailor the response accordingly 二、完形填空 My husband’s career has led to our family relocating many times. With each move, to make friends, I explored new 21 , like drawing, and joined various clubs and groups, just without a ball. That 22 when our family moved to Ankara, Turkey. If I wanted a 23 life in the new community, I’d have to play tennis. Having bought a tennis skirt and a racket (球拍), I appeared at my 24 . With an encouraging coach, I 25 to show up, with a racket in hand and a smile on my face. I 26 criticism and learned to laugh at my mistakes. Despite my new can-do 27 , my swings were often met with nothing but air. Laughing and learning, I kept swinging and trying, 28 the progress I was making. After a few months of lessons, the practice provided me with the 29 to play Cardio Tennis before a sold-out audience. Grasping my racket, I made my way to the court. As they 30 the rules of the game to me, I worriedly declared, “I’m an amateur! Though I’m 31 to be here, I apologize in advance!” The hours we spent together were full of laughter, 32 and friendship. They praised my forehand and sympathized when I 33 a return. I put myself out there, unashamedly 34 my rookie (新手) state. But by putting myself in the 35 , I developed a sense of achievement, learned a new skill and made new friends. 21．A．missions B．routes C．hobbies D．traditions 22．A．occurred B．changed C．failed D．developed 23．A．global B．practical C．common D．social 24．A．lessons B．activities C．researches D．events 25．A．decided B．continued C．stopped D．refused 26．A．demanded B．guided C．discovered D．accepted 27．A．attitude B．analysis C．attempt D．strategy 28．A．working out B．giving up C．focusing on D．putting away 29．A．need B．confidence C．aim D．duty 30．A．explained B．contributed C．applied D．referred 31．A．disappointed B．calm C．confused D．happy 32．A．pressure B．encouragement C．silence D．blame 33．A．spotted B．picked C．missed D．rewarded 34．A．showing B．doubting C．expecting D．noticing 35．A．target B．theory C．plan D．game 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A new trend is taking Chinese travel to new heights. Known as “Cityfly”, it sees thrill-seekers trading city sidewalks for skylines and level 36 (explore) for vertical (垂直) landscapes. Following in the footsteps of “Citywalk”, “Cityfly”, ranging from paragliding (滑翔伞运动) and skydiving to scenic helicopter rides, is fast becoming a 37 (fashion) word among young Chinese travelers, which reflects a consumer shift 38 (drive) by China’s booming low-altitude (低空) economy. In Zhejiang Province, low-altitude tourism is shifting from a minority adventure to a mainstream pursuit. During the eight-day National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holiday 39 just passed, Huzhou City launched 16 low-altitude flight routes 40 (connect) seven sites, attracting a growing number of tourists. The trend is evident nationwide. In Sanya, skydiving has become one of the hottest 41 (attraction). Experts owed this rise in air tourism's popularity 42 China's fast-developing low-altitude economy, which has reduced flight costs and sparked public enthusiasm for flying experiences. So far, flight costs 43 (fall) sharply from around 3, 000 yuan per person a decade ago to about 1, 000 yuan today, 44 (significant) improving accessibility to low-altitude experiences for the general public. China's low-altitude economy has gained pulling force never existed before as a new growth engine. There are 89, 000 active enterprises related to the low-altitude economy in China. Low-altitude tourism has bridged a gap in the market 45 injected new motive force into tourism consumption. 四、书信写作 46．假定你是李华，本学期你校开设了英国文学课，但是你不太适应外教的授课。你决定给英国朋友Jack写一邮件，寻求他的帮助。要点包括： 1.告知困难；2.寻求帮助。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jack, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Hua 五、书面表达 47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The Forest’s Second Chance The forest bore the clear, painful scars of a recent, fierce battle — not with guns, but against raging flames. Three months back, a wildfire tore through the area with terrifying force, leaving a landscape of hopelessness and destruction. The once lively, thick woodland now lay in complete ruins. Burnt tree trunks stood like bony skeleton fingers. Their blackened wood felt rough and uneven to the touch. They stuck out like broken bones, reaching uselessly toward the gray, smoke-filled sky, as if making a last, helpless appeal. Tiny, weak flames still glowed in the narrow gaps between the trunks, like faint orange glimmers swaying gently, threatening to burst into a roaring blaze again. The ground, once soft with moss and full of colorful wildflowers — purple clover dancing in the wind and bright yellow daisies nodding — was now a hard, dry layer of ash. Stepping on it, the ash crumbled into fine, powdery dust that stuck to shoes, leaving light gray marks like disaster trails. It had a sharp smell that stung the nose and made eyes water. The air was thick with the lingering bad odor of burning wood, and a dead silence prevailed. The usual happy bird chirps, once filling the forest with life, were gone, leaving it in a strange, lonely quiet. That silence was shattered when the volunteers showed up. Many covered their mouths with hands, tears streaming down. Maria, the volunteer leader, her fingers trembling as she brushed ash off a scorched sapling(烧焦的幼苗), whispered in a choked voice, “It was so beautiful here before.” Old Mr. Henderson, silver-haired and bent, stood staring at the woodland he’d known for 40 years. His hands shook when touching a blackened tree trunk. Then he sighed heavily, full of grief. “We’ll fix it,” he said, softly but firmly. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Rolling up their sleeves, the volunteers got to work. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A week later, a true miracle unfolded before their eyes. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $