专题05 情态动词和虚拟语气（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，全国通用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习(1)

专题05 情态动词和虚拟语气 ( 目录 学考要求速览 ................................................................................................................1 必备知识梳理 ................................................................................................................1 高频考点精讲 ................................................................................................................8 进阶分级练 ....................................................................................................................9 ) 1. 情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别 2. “情态动词+have done”的用法区别等 3. 虚拟语气在含蓄条件句以及主语、宾语从句等特定句型中的使用 （一）情态动词 表达多种语义：情态动词主要用于表达说话人的语气、情态，涵盖能力（如 can）、许可（如 may）、义务（如 must）、可能性（如 might）、劝告建议（如 should）等多种语义范畴。 后接动词原形：它们自身具有一定词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与不带 to 的动词不定式（即动词原形）一起构成谓语结构，这是其在语法形式上的重要特点。 存在时态变化：部分情态动词有过去式形式，如 can - could、may - might 等，过去式形式在用法上既可以表示过去的相应语义（如过去的能力、过去的许可等），也可在现在时态用于表达更委婉的语气等。 （二）虚拟语气 用于非真实情境：虚拟语气专门用于传达说话人的主观愿望、假设、猜测、建议等与现实情况不符的内容，或者是表达与事实相反的状况，通过特定的动词形式变化来体现这种虚拟性。 遵循特定句式：不同类型的虚拟情境（如与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反等）都有各自对应的固定句式，这些句式在条件句（常以 If 引导）和主句中的动词时态、形式搭配都有严格规定。 知识点一　情态动词的基本用法 1.can, could (1)能、会，表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。 Can you lift this heavy box? 你能举起这个沉重的箱子吗？ (2)可以，表示请求和允许。 —Can I go now？我可以走了吗？ —Yes, you can.是的，你可以。/No, you can’t. 不，你不可以。 在疑问句中can还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，但不能用于肯定句和答语中。 —Could I go to see you tomorrow? 我明天能去看你吗？ —Yes, you can.( No, I’m afraid not.) 是的，你可以。 (不，恐怕不行。 ) (3)可能，表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度)，用于疑问句、否定句中。 This can’t be done by him.How can this be true? 他不可能这么做。 这怎么可能是真的？ 2．may, might (1)表示请求和允许。 might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。肯定性应答要用can或may代替could或might。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。 —May/Might I take this book out of the room? 我可以把这本书从房间里拿出来吗？ —Yes, you can/may.(No, you can’t/mustn’t.) 是的，你可以。 (不，你不可以) (2)用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed！祝你/您成功！ 3．will, would (1)表示请求、建议等，would比will更委婉。 Will/Would you pass me the ball, please? 请把球递给我好吗？ (2)表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again. 我再也不会那样做了。 (3)would表示过去反复发生。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 在假期里，他每隔一天都会来看我。 4．must, have to (1)表示必须、必要 Whatever happens, you must come in time. 不管发生什么，你必须及时来。 在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t(禁止，不准)，而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必)。 (2)must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。 must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。 I really must go now.我真的必须走了。 I had to work when I was your age. 我像你这么大的时候不得不工作。 (3)must表示推测(只用于肯定的陈述句)，意为“一定、准时”：must do表示对目前情况的推测，must have done表示对过去情况的推测。 You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 你是汤姆的好朋友，所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。 It must have rained last night.昨晚一定下雨了。 【名师指津】　can在表推测时，一般用于否定句中，can’t do表示对目前情况的推测，can’t have done表示对过去情况的推测， 可译为“不可能……”。 That man can not be Li Lei. 那个人不可能是李磊。 He can’t have known the news then. 他当时绝不可能知道那个消息。 5．dare, need (1)dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式为dared。 How dare you say I’m unfair? 你怎么敢说我不公平？ (2)need作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定回答时一般用must, 否定用needn’t。　 —Need I finish the work today? 我今天需要完成工作吗？ —Yes, you must./No, you needn’t. 是的，你必须。/不，你不需要。 注意：dare和need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化，都可以接带to的不定式。 6．shall, should shall 1.shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。 2．shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 should 1.表示“应该”，在疑问句中常用should代替ought to。“should＋ have＋过去分词” 表示本应该在过去做但没有做。 2．表示“吃惊”，作“居然、竟然”讲。 Shall he come in now？让他进来吗？ You shall fail if you don’t work hard. 如果你不努力工作，你就会失败。 You should help him because he is in trouble. 你应该帮助他，因为他有麻烦。 It’s a pity that you should be so careless. 很遗憾，你竟然如此粗心。 7．ought to (1)ought to意为“应该，应当”，没有人称和数的变化。ought to的否定形式为ought not to或oughtn’t to，其一般疑问句形式是将ought置于主语前。多数情况下，ought to可与should互换使用。 Ought I to go？我该去吗？ —Yes, you ought to.是的，你应该。 —No，you oughtn’t to.不，你不应该。 (2)ought to/should have done表示“过去应该做而未做”， 其否定句则表示“过去不该做但做了”。 I’m sorry.I ought to/should have phoned to tell you I was coming. 对不起，我本应该先给你打个电话告诉你我要来。 8．情态动词＋have done (1)must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，把握性大，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 (2)may/might/could have done表示对发生过的事情的肯定推测，把握性小，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? 乔治发生了什么事？ —I don’t know.He may/might/could have got lost. 我不知道，他可能迷路了。 (3)should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做；shouldn’t＋have done表示“本来不应该做某事，而实际做了”，含有指责对方或自责的含义。此处ought to和should可互换，但ought to的语气更强一些。 Tom, you are too lazy.The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 (4)could have done表示本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 (5)need have done表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。needn’t have done则表示“本来不需要做某事而实际做了” He need have hurried to the station.In that case, he wouldn’t have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站的，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。 知识点二　虚拟语气 1.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种，见下表： 假设情况 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 与现在事 实相反 过去式(be的过去式常用were) would/should/might/could＋动词原形 与将来 事实相反 (1)过去式 (2)should＋动词原形 (3)were to＋动词原形 would/should/might/could＋动词原形 与过去 事实相反 过去完成时(had＋过去分词) would/should/might/could have＋过去分词 If he had time now，he would(should/could/might) go with you. 要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反) If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would(should/could/might) have met the famous singer. 如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反) If it were to snow/should snow/snowed this evening，they would (should/could/might) not go out. 如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反) 2．三种特殊的虚拟条件从句 (1)省略if形式的虚拟语气 在if虚拟条件句中，若省略if，则将should，were，had前置，构成主谓倒装句式。 Had I worked harder，I would have succeeded. 如果我当时努力学习的话，我就会成功的。 (2)混合虚拟语气 主、从句表示时间不一致，就构成了混合虚拟语气，主句和从句的时态根据实际的时间概念来定。 If she had followed the doctor’s words，she would feel better now. 如果当初她听从了医生的建议，现在就会好多了。 (3)含蓄虚拟语气 有时假设条件不通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词短语中，如without...，but for，otherwise，or等。 Without music (＝If there were no music)，the world would be dull. 世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。 3．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 (1)动词wish后的宾语从句。 表示现在的情况，从句谓语用过去式；表示过去的情况，从句谓语用过去完成式；表示将来的情况，从句谓语用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。 I wish I were ten years younger now. 我希望我现在年轻十岁。 I wish I had met him yesterday. 我昨天能遇到他就好了。 I wish I would be a scientist in the future. 我希望将来成为科学家。 (2)在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。 这类动词有：suggest，recommend, insist, order, require, advise, demand, command, ask, request，propose等。 He suggested that we (should) be there in time. 他建议我们及时到那儿。 (3)在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。 I would rather you told me the truth. 我愿意你跟我讲真话。 I would rather you had been present then. 我倒愿意你当时在场。 (4)在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气，注意should不可省略。 It’s high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection. 是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。 (5)as if引导的表语从句和as引导的方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 They talked and talked as if/though they would never meet again. 他们谈啊谈，好像永远不会再见面一样。 (6)if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。 Look at the trouble we’re in.If only we had taken our teacher’s advice! 看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！ 知识点一 情态动词的基本用法 例1．(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people ________ (take) responsibility for saving their environment. 例2．(2023·全国乙卷)Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they ________ (be) so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 例3．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Teachers and chaperones ________ model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times. 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it ________ (be) the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” 2．(2022·北京高考)He ________ have been waiting there for quite a while! 3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students ________ be ready to complete short in­class writings ... 4．(2022·浙江高考)He throws his arms and legs out as if he ________ (be) flying, his eyes wide with excitement. 5．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise ________ (rot) in fields. 知识点二 虚拟语气的基本用法 例1．（2024高二上·全国·专题练习）It’s vital that we (be) present.(所给词的适当形式填空) 例2．Luckily, we brought a map, we would have lost our way. 例3．If it (be) not for his determination, he would not have completed the marathon. 1. I wish I ______ a bird so that I could fly in the sky. A. am B. was C. were D. be 2. It's necessary that you ______ here on time. A. are B. were C. be D. will be 3. If he had studied harder, he ______ a better grade. A. gets B. got C. will get D. would have got 4．（2024高二下·全国·专题练习）How I wish he (be) innocent. 【 一、单项选择 1．— That important document is nowhere to be seen. — Don’t worry. You ________ it somewhere. Calm down and think over. A．should have left B．might have left C．should leave D．must leave 2．—Where is my cellphone? I remember I put it on the sofa before going to bed. —Perhaps, you _________ it in other places. A．might put B．might have put C．must put D．must have put 3．Please ________ play on the road with them. It is too dangerous, Tom. A．mustn’t B．won’t C．can’t D．don’t 4．You had better ________ late at night. It’s dangerous. A．not to play B．not play C．not playing D．not being played 5．He ________ be at home, because I saw him standing by the window just now. A．must B．can C．should D．will 6．—Can you speak English? —Yes, I ________. A．can B．must C．shall D．need 7．— Excuse me, ________ you tell me how to go to the concert? — Oh, sorry, I am new here. You ________ ask that policeman. A．could; can B．may; may C．could; must D．should; can 8．— Look at the ground! It’s all wet. — Oh, it ______ last night. A．must rain B．must be raining C．must have rained D．had rained 9．You ________ be serious You are actually going to lend him money again? A．needn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 10．______ again, I would definitely choose a different approach. A．If I was given a chance B．If I am given a chance C．Were I given a chance D．Had I give a chance 11．If I ______ about your arrival yesterday, I would have met you at the airport. A．knew B．had known C．would know D．have known 12．His suggestion is that we ________ (start) early tomorrow. A．started B．start C．starting D．to start 13．If I ______ you, I would accept that job offer immediately. A．am B．was C．were D．have been 14．If I ______ you, I would take an umbrella with me. A．am B．was C．are D．were 15．If he had studied harder, he ______ have passed the exam. A．will B．would C．should D．could 16．The teacher demanded that the students ______ their homework on time. A．finished B．finish C．will finish D．could finish 17．If he ______ harder in the past few months, he would get better grades in the coming exam. A．has worked B．works C．had worked D．worked 18．She described her future career plans in such detail, as if she ______ them for a long time, and at this time next year, she ______ in a renowned international company. A．would plan; will work B．had planned; will be working C．has planned; works D．would plan; is working 19．If it ______ Sunday tomorrow, I ______ go to the museum with you. A．is; will B．were; would C．was; will D．is; would 20．I would have called you yesterday if I ______ your phone number. A．had B．had had C．have D．would have 二、语法填空 21．It is recommended that everyone (compete) in the school sports meet to exercise both body and team spirit. 22．He is right, but I can’t help wishing they keep those old ferries. 23．The machine is making a loud noise as if it (break) down. 24．She is treating me as though I (be) a stranger. 25．He talks about Rome as if he (be) there himself. 26．—It's a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson. —I (attend) it, but I was busy preparing for the coming exam. 27．I think something have happened to Jill. 28．I have her telephone number. You call her if you like. 29．There was a little mouse staying at home all day. I go out, even at night. 30．Carson proves that a simple lyric form that been passed down through the ages (can) still be employed today to draw attention to important truths. 一、阅读理解 一、阅读理解 A Here are four of the biggest dog parks in the U. S. that provide plenty of space for your four-legged friends to explore freely and have endless fun. Cherry Creek State Park Located in Aurora, Colorado, Cherry Creek State Park offers a big free running area of over 107 acres (英亩). It’s a perfect place for dogs that love to run and explore in a natural setting. The park features pathways, open fields, and even a pool where dogs can cool off during hot days. Given its huge size, it’s essential to have reliable dog collars (项圈) with identification labels for your furry friends, as they might wander far and wide. Millie Bush Dog Park Covering over 7, 800 acres, George Bush Park in Houston, Texas, is one of the largest parks in the country, and it has a big dog park inside. The Millie Bush Dog Park covers 15acres, with large grassy areas, ponds for swimming, and shaded spots for resting. The park is divided into separate areas for large and small dogs, ensuring safety and comfort for all. When visiting, bring a strong dog collar, as your pet will have plenty of space to explore and adventure. Point Isabel Regional Shoreline Situated along the San Francisco Bay in Richmond, California, Point Isabel Regional Shoreline is one of the largest dog parks in the country, covering 23 acres. This park provides beautiful bay views and plenty of room for dogs to run and play freely. It also has a dog-friendly café and a washing station, making it a convenient and fun spot for a full day of activities. The open environment means durable dog collars are a must to ensure your pet’s safety during their adventures. Bear Creek Dog Park In Columbia, Missouri, Cosmo Park is home to one of the largest dog parks in the Midwest. Its Bear Creek Dog Park covers nearly 15 acres, offering wide-open spaces, trails, and a pool where dogs can play around. This park also features separate areas for large and small dogs, making it a flexible option for dog owners. With so much space to explore, a secure dog collar is very important to keep your dog safe while they enjoy the park. 1．Where is the Millie Bush Dog Park located? A．In Houston, Texas. B．In Aurora, Colorado. C．In Columbia, Missouri. D．In Richmond, California. 2．Which park has a dog friendly café? A．Cosmo Park. B．George Bush Park. C．Cherry Creek State Park. D．Point Isabel Regional Shoreline. 3．What do the four parks have in common? A．They cover more than 100 acres. B．They recommend using a dog collar. C．They have pools for dogs to swim in. D．They divide areas for big and small dogs. B One of the best memories I have from my childhood is the time my mother read to me. When it was cold outside, we sat on the couch late at night with the fire blazing in the fireplace. I leaned against her shoulder and watched the lines on her face disappear as she used her voice to imitate the characters in the book. It could have been her time to relax after taking care of children and a husband all day, but instead, she would smile when I slipped out of my bed and came tiptoeing back into the living room after everyone else was asleep. Being the youngest of 11 children, sometimes, it was easy to get lost in the crowd, and I cherished those moments; I could sit close to her and know it was just my time. My mother’s lines would melt away during those moments because she wasn’t thinking about cooking, cleaning, disciplining, or paying the bills. When she read Cinderella to me, she would make me feel the transition from ashes to riches because she was using her imagination to feel it, too. When I became a busy parent with my children, I understood my mother’s sacrifices for sharing that late-night story time with me. But, somehow, I think she needed it as much as I did. Years later, I had the opportunity to visit an elementary school recently to read to the first-grade class for National Children’s book week. Besides helping a child develop a love for reading, it is a beautiful way to be close to your children and instills (逐步培养) a sense of security they never forget. It’s when the parent focuses on the child without distractions, and a child can feel that. I did. For a moment, we aren’t adults with all the answers and rules, but someone lost in a story with our children. Reading and letting our imagination travel is not just for children, either. When I am at my busiest and feel the most stressed in my life, I find a book and let myself get lost for a while. The difference between reading a book, hanging out on your iPad, or lounging in front of the television to relax is that when you read a book, the story can be what you imagine it to be, and you can learn as fast or as slow as you want to. I like that. 4．What impressed the author most? A．His mother read to him during his childhood. B．Mom warmed him with the fire in the fireplace. C．They sat on the couch enjoying the TV series. D．He imitated the characters in the book. 5．What made the author have contradictory feelings? A．He slipped out of his bed and tiptoed to mum. B．He did everything when others were asleep. C．He was always lost in the crowd. D．He stole mum’s time to relax but enjoyed it. 6．Which is the benefit of reading together according to the passage? A．It helps kids perform well in elementary school. B．It helps kids form a sense of security. C．It helps parents focus on reading without distractions. D．It helps adults find answers and rules. 7．What is the passage mainly aimed at? A．Calling on kids to read more classical literature. B．Promoting the idea of parent-child reading. C．Advertising for National Children’s book week. D．Relieving everyday stress. C In the fast-changing tech world, each new generation of wireless communication live, work, and connect with the world around us. Wireless technology entered the scene in the 1980s with the creation of mobile phones. The development of this 1G network was the first time when users could communicate with others without being tied to a landline. The desire for mobile networks led to 2G wireless’ creation in the 1990s. Then the early 2000s created the 3G network supporting mobile Internet use. Users could send emails, and enjoy faster connection speeds. Later, the introduction of smartphones marked the end of the 3G era and the beginning of the 4G era. Our current state of communication started in the early 2020s with the development of the 5G network. Following the great advancements of the 5G network, the next frontier is around the corner: 6G At its core, 6G will be about more than just faster Internet speeds. It will enable a fully immersive (沉浸式的) digital world. Moreover, it will expand the boundaries of what is possible with the Internet of Things (IoT). In short, the potential applications of 6G are vast and varied. 6G’s ultra-low delay and high bandwidth (带宽) will enable telemedicine applications like remote surgery. Wearable health devices could provide continuous health monitoring, telling medical professionals about any signs in real-time. With ultra-fast communication between vehicles and infrastructure (基础设施), traffic management will become more efficient, improving overall safety. Most importantly, smart cities will develop fast on 6G’s capabilities, with everything being connected and improved in real-time. IoT sensors placed in infrastructure will monitor everything from air quality to energy consumption, improving people’s quality of life. 6G is the next step in the development of wireless communication, promising faster speeds, lower delay, and a host of new applications that will change industries and daily life. While it’s still in the early stages of research and development, the potential for 6G is great, and its arrival could have a great impact in the coming decades. 8．What does paragraph 2 mainly focus on about wireless communication? A．Its wide use. B．Its great benefits. C．Its main features. D．Its historical development. 9．How will 6G influence the field of medicine? A．By enabling real-time health monitoring. B．By increasing the accuracy of medical devices. C．By training medical professionals through VR. D．By improving medical waste management systems. 10．What can be inferred from the fifth paragraph? A．The success of remote surgery depends on 6G. B．The applications described need high-speed data transmission. C．6G networks are already capable of powering smart cities. D．The primary goal of 6G is to make entertainment more enjoyable. 11．What is the best title for the passage? A．The History of Mobile Phones: From 1G to 5G B．How 6G Changed the World C．Into the Future: The Rise of 6G D．The Dangers of Wireless Technology D Farming is undergoing a remarkable transformation thanks to cutting-edge technologies reshaping how fruit is picked and handled. While autonomous drones (无人机) like Tevel’s Flying Robots are already harvesting fruit globally, innovations like UC San Diego’s GRIP-tape gripper represent the next frontier in gentle produce handling. Together, these advancements promise to make fruit production more efficient and precise, though one is a proven solution and the other is a glimpse into farming’s future. Tevel’s Flying Autonomous Robots (FARs) are redefining fruit harvesting by combining artificial intelligence with advanced computer vision. These drones navigate through orchards (果园), identifying and picking only the fruit that has reached peak ripeness. Their ability to weave carefully around branches allows them to harvest without bruising or harming the trees. Unlike human pickers, these drones can operate continuously, working day and night to get the job done faster and more consistently. Farmers are empowered by detailed, real-time information about the harvest, including the size, color and ripeness of each fruit, all accessible through a mobile app. This data helps improve harvesting schedules and reduce waste. Multiple drones work together from a mobile platform, covering large orchard areas efficiently. Beyond picking, these robots also detect diseases and track the location of each fruit bin, providing farmers with valuable insights to manage their crops better. While Tevel’s drones tackle harvesting, UC San Diego’s GRIP-tape gripper remains in the experimental stage as a solution for post-harvest handling. Inspired by steel measuring tapes, this prototype (原型) uses layered “fingers” to grasp delicate fruits gently. Early tests show promise in handling objects like lemons and tomatoes without damage, but it has yet to be widely adopted in farming. The gripper’s motorized reels (卷轴) allow its tape-based fingers to extend and convey items like a conveyor belt. Researchers highlight its low cost and safety around humans, but further development is needed to integrate it into commercial packing lines or harvesters. Tevel’s drones are already transforming orchards, while the GRIP-tape gripper offers a vision of how delicate produce handling could evolve. The combination of real-world automation and experimental robotics highlights both the immediate benefits and long-term potential of agritech innovation. 12．What do we know about FARs? A．They can work around the clock. B．They can identify different fruits. C．They redefine the artificial intelligence. D．They perform as efficiently as human workers. 13．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The real-time data collected by mobile apps. B．The advantages of Tevel’s drones for farmers. C．The working process of multiple drones in orchards. D．The various attitudes of the farmers to Tevel’s drones. 14．What can be inferred about UC San Diego’s GRIP-tape gripper? A．It is inspired by human fingers. B．It is widely adopted in farming. C．It tackles the harvesting process. D．It is cost-effective but still in progress. 15．What’s the writing purpose of this text? A．To promote the use of robotics in farming. B．To compare two cutting-edge farming tools. C．To introduce two innovative agricultural technologies. D．To emphasize the long-term potential of autonomous drones. 七选五 Top College Graduates Get Paid More, but do They Perform Better? Is a top university a good predictor of job performance? Our research shows yes-but only to an extent. We tracked the performance of 28,339 graduates from 294 universities, ranging from the top 10 to the top 20,000. 16 Importantly, we didn’t just measure output quality, but also a wide range of hard and soft skills like teamwork, leadership, and emotional intelligence. Our findings offer comfort to recruiters. After accounting for age, gender, and year of study, we found graduates from top universities performed only slightly better, and only in certain areas. 17 The first was selection: higher-ranked universities usually can choose from a larger pool of applicants, which leads to steeper competition and a higher quality of the incoming class. Corroborating the selectivity hypothesis, our data demonstrated that students at higher-ranked universities indeed score higher on general cognitive ability tests, have more international experience, better English proficiency, and higher cultural intelligence. Second, higher-ranked universities should provide better training. Top universities employ better instructors, offer access to better-equipped facilities, attract better speakers and guests to campus, which in turn, should lead to better training and subsequent performance. Finally, it might be expected that higher-ranked institutions might provide a more stimulating academic environment. 18 Having notable, hardworking, celebrity-status professors, along with being around intelligent, highly-motivated, achievement-oriented peers, positively affects self-efficacy, motivation, effort, and work ethic. Despite their slightly better overall performance, hiring graduates from higher-ranked institutions could have a downside. Our data suggest that students from higher-ranked universities might damage team cooperation, sometimes carelessly. 19 In some instances, graduates from top universities tend to be less friendly, are more prone to conflict, and are less likely to identify with their team. A．Indeed, education is not only lectures and seminars. B．However, our study revealed no difference in the following aspects. C．They clearly know that interpersonal relationships at work play a critical role in career success. D．They tend to excessively focus on the instrumental tasks, paying insufficient attention to interpersonal relationships. E．We also found several reasons why the graduates from the top universities performed better than those from the lower-ranked schools. F．We observed the students’ performance for two months as they were working in global virtual teams on real-life business consulting projects. 二、完形填空 On a bright Sunday, my family had planned to spend the weekend in the village. When I saw my father riding his heavy, oversized bicycle, I felt 20 and wanted to have a try despite his 21 that it outweighed me. I pulled my leg on the bike and realized I wouldn’t 22 the ground if I sat on the seat. Yet, with a push on the pedal (踏板), I 23 to ride the bicycle. Feeling excited, I rode around our house many times. After riding 24 , I told my cousin to have a 25 with me. We both rode as fast as we could, but as she was used to her bike, I rode really fast to 26 her. Suddenly she slowed down because there was a curve (弯道) ahead. As I tried to brake (刹车) and get off the moving bicycle, I lost my 27 and I, along with the bicycle, 28 into a roadside water passage. I was too shocked to even cry. But soon I felt 29 for what had just happened, for not only my father but my whole family had 30 over to check on me. Though injured, I felt a strange sense of 31 . I could have cried or shouted, but doing the 32 empowered me. One thing that I will surely remember is that life will bring 33 , while true strength lies in 34 it with a smile and progressing forward. 20．A．inspired B．doubted C．confused D．amused 21．A．suggestion B．warning C．promise D．demand 22．A．cover B．notice C．touch D．measure 23．A．refused B．managed C．expected D．agreed 24．A．carefully B．occasionally C．regularly D．skillfully 25．A．race B．debate C．meeting D．guess 26．A．set up for B．stay up with C．keep up with D．hold on to 27．A．balance B．direction C．patience D．memory 28．A．wandered B．fell C．ran D．divided 29．A．hungry B．worried C．disappointed D．warm 30．A．jumped B．turned C．rushed D．passed 31．A．shame B．relief C．freedom D．bravery 32．A．opposite B．risky C．accurate D．natural 33．A．limitations B．opportunities C．unexpectedness D．unfairness 34．A．treasuring B．accepting C．honoring D．maintaining 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For learning Chinese, the correct pronunciation of the words 35 (be) very important. Native speakers perfect these sounds as they grow up, but for new learners, this may take time. For Mandarin learners, pronunciation is one of the 36 (challenge) most people tend to meet with. Error-making is a 37 (nature) part of learning any language, not just Mandarin, and we all have our own fair share of weak points. We can easily spot some Mandarin pronunciation mistakes 38 are a lot more common than others. Pronunciation in Mandarin is important, because a simple shift in tone can completely change the meaning of a word. Unlike other East Asian languages, Mandarin depends heavily 39 tone to convey the proper meaning, so correct Chinese pronunciation is essential. Sometimes, 40 the difference in sound is clear enough, learners make the mistake of pronouncing it the same way. The best approach to 41 (solve) this is to use a Mandarin pronunciation guide which tells you exactly how different sounds 42 (make) and where they come from so you can differentiate (区别) between them properly. English has stressed syllables within words, while Mandarin does not. Mandarin can make changes to the tone of the vowel, which in turn, changes the meaning. Mandarin does have stress within a sentence. 43 (improve) your Mandarin pronunciation, listen to native Mandarin speakers as much as possible and talk with them too. Besides having general conversations with people 44 (regular), you should make sure you have a teacher who can help you identify where you’re going wrong. Remember, practice makes perfect! 四、书信写作 45．假如你是李华，近日你校将举办英语演讲活动，主题为“New Advances in Technology will Change Our Future Life”，请你用英语写一封演讲稿，根据你的畅想描述新科技将如何改变我们的生活。 注意：1. 词数100左右；  2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 New Advances in Technology will Change Our Future Life ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、书面表达 46．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之成为一篇完整的短文。 Nancy stepped into the high school hallway with a pounding heart. It was her first week, and she clutched her notebook tightly, scanning the crowd for familiar faces. Back in middle school, she’d learned that smiling widely and agreeing with everyone kept her from being lonely. “I’ll just do what works,” she thought to herself. At lunch, she spotted a girl with curly hair sitting alone by the window. “Hi! I’m Nancy. Mind if I join you?” she asked, already pulling out a chair. The girl looked up — Alice, according to the name tag on her desk. “Sure,” Alice said, but her tone was flat. Nancy spent the next two weeks trying to win Alice over. She saved the last chocolate in her lunch box for her, laughed loudly at her jokes even when she didn’t get them, and copied Alice’s notes word for word, hoping to spark conversations. “Your handwriting is so neat!” she’d say. Alice would just nod and turn back to her book. One afternoon, Nancy lingered by the classroom door, holding a drawing she’d made of Alice’s favorite band. Through the half-open door, she heard voices. It was Alice, talking to a friend. “Nancy’s so annoying,” Alice said. “She agrees with everything I say and brings me things every day. It’s like she’s trying too hard to please everyone. Such a people-pleaser.” The drawing slipped from Nancy’s hand. Her throat felt tight, and her eyes stung. She ran to the bathroom, locked herself in a stall, and stared at her reflection in the mirror. For the first time, her old way of making friends didn’t just feel tiring — it hurt. She thought about all the times she’d pretended to like things she hated, just to fit in. Was this really what friendship meant? 注意：（1）续写词数应为150左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸相应位置作答。 Lying in bed, Nancy kept thinking about this question. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next day, Alice commented on a film, but Nancy didn’t nod. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 情态动词和虚拟语气 ( 目录 学考要求速览 ................................................................................................................1 必备知识梳理 ................................................................................................................1 高频考点精讲 ................................................................................................................8 进阶分级练 ..................................................................................................................10 ) 1. 情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别 2. “情态动词+have done”的用法区别等 3. 虚拟语气在含蓄条件句以及主语、宾语从句等特定句型中的使用 （一）情态动词 表达多种语义：情态动词主要用于表达说话人的语气、情态，涵盖能力（如 can）、许可（如 may）、义务（如 must）、可能性（如 might）、劝告建议（如 should）等多种语义范畴。 后接动词原形：它们自身具有一定词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与不带 to 的动词不定式（即动词原形）一起构成谓语结构，这是其在语法形式上的重要特点。 存在时态变化：部分情态动词有过去式形式，如 can - could、may - might 等，过去式形式在用法上既可以表示过去的相应语义（如过去的能力、过去的许可等），也可在现在时态用于表达更委婉的语气等。 （二）虚拟语气 用于非真实情境：虚拟语气专门用于传达说话人的主观愿望、假设、猜测、建议等与现实情况不符的内容，或者是表达与事实相反的状况，通过特定的动词形式变化来体现这种虚拟性。 遵循特定句式：不同类型的虚拟情境（如与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反等）都有各自对应的固定句式，这些句式在条件句（常以 If 引导）和主句中的动词时态、形式搭配都有严格规定。 知识点一　情态动词的基本用法 1.can, could (1)能、会，表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。 Can you lift this heavy box? 你能举起这个沉重的箱子吗？ (2)可以，表示请求和允许。 —Can I go now？我可以走了吗？ —Yes, you can.是的，你可以。/No, you can’t. 不，你不可以。 在疑问句中can还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，但不能用于肯定句和答语中。 —Could I go to see you tomorrow? 我明天能去看你吗？ —Yes, you can.( No, I’m afraid not.) 是的，你可以。 (不，恐怕不行。 ) (3)可能，表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度)，用于疑问句、否定句中。 This can’t be done by him.How can this be true? 他不可能这么做。 这怎么可能是真的？ 2．may, might (1)表示请求和允许。 might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。肯定性应答要用can或may代替could或might。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。 —May/Might I take this book out of the room? 我可以把这本书从房间里拿出来吗？ —Yes, you can/may.(No, you can’t/mustn’t.) 是的，你可以。 (不，你不可以) (2)用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed！祝你/您成功！ 3．will, would (1)表示请求、建议等，would比will更委婉。 Will/Would you pass me the ball, please? 请把球递给我好吗？ (2)表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again. 我再也不会那样做了。 (3)would表示过去反复发生。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 在假期里，他每隔一天都会来看我。 4．must, have to (1)表示必须、必要 Whatever happens, you must come in time. 不管发生什么，你必须及时来。 在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t(禁止，不准)，而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必)。 (2)must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。 must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。 I really must go now.我真的必须走了。 I had to work when I was your age. 我像你这么大的时候不得不工作。 (3)must表示推测(只用于肯定的陈述句)，意为“一定、准时”：must do表示对目前情况的推测，must have done表示对过去情况的推测。 You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 你是汤姆的好朋友，所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。 It must have rained last night.昨晚一定下雨了。 【名师指津】　can在表推测时，一般用于否定句中，can’t do表示对目前情况的推测，can’t have done表示对过去情况的推测， 可译为“不可能……”。 That man can not be Li Lei. 那个人不可能是李磊。 He can’t have known the news then. 他当时绝不可能知道那个消息。 5．dare, need (1)dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式为dared。 How dare you say I’m unfair? 你怎么敢说我不公平？ (2)need作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定回答时一般用must, 否定用needn’t。　 —Need I finish the work today? 我今天需要完成工作吗？ —Yes, you must./No, you needn’t. 是的，你必须。/不，你不需要。 注意：dare和need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化，都可以接带to的不定式。 6．shall, should shall 1.shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。 2．shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 should 1.表示“应该”，在疑问句中常用should代替ought to。“should＋ have＋过去分词” 表示本应该在过去做但没有做。 2．表示“吃惊”，作“居然、竟然”讲。 Shall he come in now？让他进来吗？ You shall fail if you don’t work hard. 如果你不努力工作，你就会失败。 You should help him because he is in trouble. 你应该帮助他，因为他有麻烦。 It’s a pity that you should be so careless. 很遗憾，你竟然如此粗心。 7．ought to (1)ought to意为“应该，应当”，没有人称和数的变化。ought to的否定形式为ought not to或oughtn’t to，其一般疑问句形式是将ought置于主语前。多数情况下，ought to可与should互换使用。 Ought I to go？我该去吗？ —Yes, you ought to.是的，你应该。 —No，you oughtn’t to.不，你不应该。 (2)ought to/should have done表示“过去应该做而未做”， 其否定句则表示“过去不该做但做了”。 I’m sorry.I ought to/should have phoned to tell you I was coming. 对不起，我本应该先给你打个电话告诉你我要来。 8．情态动词＋have done (1)must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，把握性大，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 (2)may/might/could have done表示对发生过的事情的肯定推测，把握性小，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? 乔治发生了什么事？ —I don’t know.He may/might/could have got lost. 我不知道，他可能迷路了。 (3)should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做；shouldn’t＋have done表示“本来不应该做某事，而实际做了”，含有指责对方或自责的含义。此处ought to和should可互换，但ought to的语气更强一些。 Tom, you are too lazy.The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 (4)could have done表示本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 (5)need have done表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。needn’t have done则表示“本来不需要做某事而实际做了” He need have hurried to the station.In that case, he wouldn’t have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站的，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。 知识点二　虚拟语气 1.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种，见下表： 假设情况 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 与现在事 实相反 过去式(be的过去式常用were) would/should/might/could＋动词原形 与将来 事实相反 (1)过去式 (2)should＋动词原形 (3)were to＋动词原形 would/should/might/could＋动词原形 与过去 事实相反 过去完成时(had＋过去分词) would/should/might/could have＋过去分词 If he had time now，he would(should/could/might) go with you. 要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反) If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would(should/could/might) have met the famous singer. 如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反) If it were to snow/should snow/snowed this evening，they would (should/could/might) not go out. 如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反) 2．三种特殊的虚拟条件从句 (1)省略if形式的虚拟语气 在if虚拟条件句中，若省略if，则将should，were，had前置，构成主谓倒装句式。 Had I worked harder，I would have succeeded. 如果我当时努力学习的话，我就会成功的。 (2)混合虚拟语气 主、从句表示时间不一致，就构成了混合虚拟语气，主句和从句的时态根据实际的时间概念来定。 If she had followed the doctor’s words，she would feel better now. 如果当初她听从了医生的建议，现在就会好多了。 (3)含蓄虚拟语气 有时假设条件不通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词短语中，如without...，but for，otherwise，or等。 Without music (＝If there were no music)，the world would be dull. 世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。 3．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 (1)动词wish后的宾语从句。 表示现在的情况，从句谓语用过去式；表示过去的情况，从句谓语用过去完成式；表示将来的情况，从句谓语用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。 I wish I were ten years younger now. 我希望我现在年轻十岁。 I wish I had met him yesterday. 我昨天能遇到他就好了。 I wish I would be a scientist in the future. 我希望将来成为科学家。 (2)在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。 这类动词有：suggest，recommend, insist, order, require, advise, demand, command, ask, request，propose等。 He suggested that we (should) be there in time. 他建议我们及时到那儿。 (3)在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。 I would rather you told me the truth. 我愿意你跟我讲真话。 I would rather you had been present then. 我倒愿意你当时在场。 (4)在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气，注意should不可省略。 It’s high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection. 是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。 (5)as if引导的表语从句和as引导的方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 They talked and talked as if/though they would never meet again. 他们谈啊谈，好像永远不会再见面一样。 (6)if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。 Look at the trouble we’re in.If only we had taken our teacher’s advice! 看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！ 知识点一 情态动词的基本用法 例1．(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people ________ (take) responsibility for saving their environment. 【答案】must take　 【解析】此处指她教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。must表示义务，意为“必须”。故填must take。 例2．(2023·全国乙卷)Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they ________ (be) so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 【答案】could have been　 【解析】此处指“我”如果能准备好并明智地管理好“我”的时间，这些照片本可能拍得更好。could have done表示“本来可以做某事(实际上没做)”。故填could have been。 例3．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Teachers and chaperones ________ model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times. 【答案】should　 【解析】此处指教师和监护人应该要树立良好的行为榜样，并始终与学生在一起。表示“应该”，指义务。故填should。 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it ________ (be) the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” 【答案】would be　 【解析】此处是对现在的虚拟，主句应用would do。故填would be。 2．(2022·北京高考)He ________ have been waiting there for quite a while! 【答案】must　 【解析】此处指他肯定等了很久，表示十分肯定的猜测。故填must。 3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students ________ be ready to complete short in­class writings ... 【答案】must　 【解析】此处指课堂活动每天都不同，但学生必须准备好在课堂上完成短篇作文。表示“必须”用must。故填must。 4．(2022·浙江高考)He throws his arms and legs out as if he ________ (be) flying, his eyes wide with excitement. 【答案】were　 【解析】as if引导的从句，此处表示对现在的虚拟，be动词都用were。故填were。 5．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise ________ (rot) in fields. 【答案】would have rotted　 【解析】句意：去年，它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807，500磅的粮食，否则这些产品就会在田地里腐烂。此处为otherwise引导的含蓄条件句，与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句应用would have done。故填would have rotted。 知识点二 虚拟语气的基本用法 例1．（2024高二上·全国·专题练习）It’s vital that we (be) present.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】should be/be 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们在场是至关重要的。句中it为形式主语，that引导的从句为主语从句。It’s vital that+从句，从句应用虚拟语气，谓语部分示用should+动词原形，或should可省略。故填(should) be。 例2．Luckily, we brought a map, we would have lost our way. 【答案】without which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：幸运的是，我们带了一张地图，否则我们就迷路了。空处前后均为完整的句子，可推知应用“介词+关系代词”的结构引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词a map作补充说明，先行词指物，关系代词应用which，根据“we would have lost our way”可知，此处用了虚拟语气，应该用without表示在特定条件或因素缺失时，某个事件或行为不会发生。故填without which。 例3．If it (be) not for his determination, he would not have completed the marathon. 【答案】were 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是因为他的决心，他就不会跑完马拉松。根据主句would not have completed可知本句为祈使句；在虚拟句中，if it were not for+n/pron.为固定句型，意思是“要不是/若不是因为”， 故填were。 1. I wish I ______ a bird so that I could fly in the sky. A. am B. was C. were D. be 解析： 句子结构分析：这是一个由 “wish” 引导的宾语从句，表达一种愿望。 虚拟语气用法分析：在 “wish” 引导的宾语从句中，与现在事实相反时，be 动词要用 “were”。此句表达希望自己是一只鸟（但实际不是），与现在事实相反，所以 be 动词用 “were”，选 C。 2. It's necessary that you ______ here on time. A. are B. were C. be D. will be 解析： 句子结构分析：这是一个在 “It's necessary that...” 句型中的句子，“that you... on time” 为从句部分。 虚拟语气用法分析：在 “It's necessary that...” 句型中，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用 “(should) + 动词原形”，这里省略了 “should”，所以用 “be”，选 C。 3. If he had studied harder, he ______ a better grade. A. gets B. got C. will get D. would have got 解析： 句子结构分析：这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句子，由条件句 “If he had studied harder” 和主句 “he... a better grade” 构成。 虚拟语气规则分析：在与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，条件句用过去完成时，主句用 “would + have + 过去分词”。本题中条件句 “had studied” 符合条件句规则，主句 “will get” 不符合主句的虚拟语气结构，应改为 “would have got”，所以选 D。 4．（2024高二下·全国·专题练习）How I wish he (be) innocent. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我多么希望他是无辜的。wish后面是宾语从句，从句应用虚拟语气。这里表示现在不能实现的愿望，谓语动词应用过去式，be动词用were。故填were。 一、单项选择 1．— That important document is nowhere to be seen. — Don’t worry. You ________ it somewhere. Calm down and think over. A．should have left B．might have left C．should leave D．must leave 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词用法辨析。句意：——那份重要的文件哪儿也找不到。——别担心。你可能把它落在某个地方了。冷静下来好好想想。A. should have left本应该遗落(实际上没有)；B. might have left可能已经遗落；C. should leave应该遗落；D. must leave必须遗落。根据“Don’t worry.”以及“Calm down and think over.”可知，说话者是在安慰对方，认为文件可能被落在了某个地方，是一种不确定的推测。“might have done”表示对过去事情的不确定推测，符合语境。故选B项。 2．—Where is my cellphone? I remember I put it on the sofa before going to bed. —Perhaps, you _________ it in other places. A．might put B．might have put C．must put D．must have put 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——“我的手机在哪里？我记着在睡觉前把它放在沙发上。”——“也许，你把手机放在别的地方了。”might have done常用于推测过去的行为，表示“可能已经做过某事”，must have done表示 “过去一定做过某事”；根据句意，此处表示“过去有可能做过某事”用might have done的结构，表示“过去有可能放在别处”用might have put。故选B。 3．Please ________ play on the road with them. It is too dangerous, Tom. A．mustn’t B．won’t C．can’t D．don’t 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词和祈使句。句意：汤姆，请不要和他们在马路上玩。太危险了。A. mustn’t表示“禁止”，是情态动词，不能用于“Please + 情态动词”的祈使句结构，语法不符。B. won’t是will的否定式，表“不会、不愿”，用于将来时或情态表达，不能构成祈使句否定形式。C. can’t表示“不能、不可能”，是情态动词，无法与Please搭配构成祈使句，语法功能不符。D. don’t祈使句否定形式的标准用法，结构为“Please + don’t + 动词原形”，符合语法规则。故选D。 4．You had better ________ late at night. It’s dangerous. A．not to play B．not play C．not playing D．not being played 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：你最好不要在深夜玩耍，这很危险。had better (not) do sth.是固定用法，意为“最好(不要)做某事”， 此空应是not play。故选B。 5．He ________ be at home, because I saw him standing by the window just now. A．must B．can C．should D．will 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：他一定在家，因为我刚才看到他站在窗户边。A.must一定；B. can可能；C.should应该；D.will意愿。根据“because I saw him standing by the window just now.”可知，他一定在家。must表示肯定推测。故选A。 6．—Can you speak English? —Yes, I ________. A．can B．must C．shall D．need 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——你会说英语吗？——是的，我会。以情态动词“Can”开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答需用“can”呼应。故选A项。 7．— Excuse me, ________ you tell me how to go to the concert? — Oh, sorry, I am new here. You ________ ask that policeman. A．could; can B．may; may C．could; must D．should; can 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——打扰一下，请问你能告诉我如何去音乐会吗？——对不起，我是新来的。你可以问那个警察。A. could; can能；可以；B. may; may可能；可能；C. could; must能；必须；D. should; can应该；能够。第一空在问句中，表示委婉的请求，用could；第二空在答语中，用can表示允许，译为“可以”。故选A。 8．— Look at the ground! It’s all wet. — Oh, it ______ last night. A．must rain B．must be raining C．must have rained D．had rained 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：——看地面！都是湿的。——哦，昨晚一定下雨了。根据“It’s all wet. (都是湿的)”可知，空处是对过去动作“下雨”的肯定推测，应用must have rained表示“昨晚一定下雨了”。故选C。 9．You ________ be serious You are actually going to lend him money again? A．needn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：你不可能是认真的吧？你竟然还要再借钱给他？A. needn’t不必；B. can’t不可能（表否定推测）；C. shouldn’t不应该；D. mustn’t禁止。由语意可知，后句“再次借钱给对方”的行为让人难以置信，前句是对“认真”这一状态的否定推测，强调“不可能”。故选B 项。 10．______ again, I would definitely choose a different approach. A．If I was given a chance B．If I am given a chance C．Were I given a chance D．Had I give a chance 【答案】C 【详解】考查虚拟语气及倒装。句意：如果再给我一次机会，我肯定会选择一种不同的方法。根据主句“I would definitely choose...”可知，这是与现在或将来事实相反的虚拟语气，if从句需用对应的虚拟形式(were/过去式)，即If I were given a chance。也可省略if，将were提前，即Were I given a chance，构成倒装结构。故选C。 11．If I ______ about your arrival yesterday, I would have met you at the airport. A．knew B．had known C．would know D．have known 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我昨天知道你要来，我就会去机场接你了。此处为虚拟语气，根据时间状语yesterday以及主句的would have met可知，这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的条件句，谓语动词应用 “had + 过去分词”，故填had known，故选B。 12．His suggestion is that we ________ (start) early tomorrow. A．started B．start C．starting D．to start 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他的建议是我们明天早点出发。His suggestion“他的建议”是主句主语，表语从句“that we ________ (start) early tomorrow”阐述“建议”的内容，此表语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”，should可以省略。故选B。 13．If I ______ you, I would accept that job offer immediately. A．am B．was C．were D．have been 【答案】C 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我会立即接受那份工作邀请。这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，if后用一般过去时表示虚拟，在虚拟语气中，无论主语是第几人称，be动词的过去式一律用were。故选C。 14．If I ______ you, I would take an umbrella with me. A．am B．was C．are D．were 【答案】D 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我会带一把伞。根据主句谓语动词“would take”以及句意可知，此处对现在情况的虚拟假设，从句主语为“I”时，虚拟语气中谓语动词需用were。故选D项。 15．If he had studied harder, he ______ have passed the exam. A．will B．would C．should D．could 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他当初学习更努力些，他就会通过这次考试了。根据逗号前的if条件句If he had studied harder可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句中的谓语动词用would have done。故选B项。 16．The teacher demanded that the students ______ their homework on time. A．finished B．finish C．will finish D．could finish 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师要求学生们按时完成作业。demand表示“要求”，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”，该句型中should可以省略。故选B。 17．If he ______ harder in the past few months, he would get better grades in the coming exam. A．has worked B．works C．had worked D．worked 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：如果他在过去的几个月里更加努力，他就会在即将到来的考试中取得更好的成绩。这是一个错综时间条件句。从句中的“in the past few months”表明是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句用had worked；主句“would get better grades in the coming exam”是对将来情况的虚拟。has worked 是现在完成时的陈述语气；works 是一般现在时的陈述语气；worked 是一般过去时的陈述语气，均不符合此句的虚拟语气要求。故选C。 18．She described her future career plans in such detail, as if she ______ them for a long time, and at this time next year, she ______ in a renowned international company. A．would plan; will work B．had planned; will be working C．has planned; works D．would plan; is working 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：她如此详细地描述了她未来的职业规划，好像她已经计划了很长时间，明年的这个时候，她将在一家著名的国际公司工作。第一空处，as if引导的方式状语从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，需求使用虚拟语气，从句要用过去完成时态had planned；第二空处，根据时间状语“at this time next year”可知，此处表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，要用将来进行时态will be working。故选B项。 19．If it ______ Sunday tomorrow, I ______ go to the museum with you. A．is; will B．were; would C．was; will D．is; would 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果明天是星期天，我会和你一起去博物馆。根据句意和“tomorrow”可知，此处为对将来情况的虚拟假设，虚拟语气中，if引导的条件状语从句需用一般过去时，be动词统一用were，主句需用“would +动词原形”结构。故选B项。 20．I would have called you yesterday if I ______ your phone number. A．had B．had had C．have D．would have 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我昨天有你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。根据主句的谓语动词“would have called”和句意可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟假设，虚拟语气中，if引导的条件状语从句需用过去完成时“had +过去分词”，主句用“would have + 过去分词”。故选B项。 二、语法填空 21．It is recommended that everyone (compete) in the school sports meet to exercise both body and team spirit. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】compete/should compete 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：建议每个人都参加学校运动会，以锻炼身体和团队精神。recommend表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，形式为（should）+动词原形，其中should可以省略。故填should compete。 22．He is right, but I can’t help wishing they keep those old ferries. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would/could 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他说得对，但我忍不住希望他们能保留那些旧渡船。本题考查wish后宾语从句中对将来的虚拟，可用“would/could+动词原形”。故填would/could。 23．The machine is making a loud noise as if it (break) down. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would break 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这台机器发出很大的噪音，好像要出故障了。由语意可知，机器并没有真的要坏掉，只是听起来声音大。再根据“as if”可知，此处引导虚拟语气，表示与将来事实相反，使用“would + 动词原形”结构。故填would break。 24．She is treating me as though I (be) a stranger. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：她对待我就好像我是一个陌生人。“as though”引导方式状语从句，当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)；根据语境可知，“我”并不是陌生人，与现在事实相反，应使用虚拟语气，be动词用were。故填were。 25．He talks about Rome as if he (be) there himself. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他谈论罗马时，说得好像自己亲自去过那里一样。as if引导的方式状语从句表达与 “过去事实相反” 的假设时，谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”形式。故填 had been。 26．—It's a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson. —I (attend) it, but I was busy preparing for the coming exam. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】would have attended/should have attended 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——真遗憾你错过了Thompson的有关英国文化的讲座。——我本想/应该参加的，但是我正忙于准备即将到来的考试。根据题干中的was busy可知设空处表示与过去事实相反，意为“本想/本应该做，但没做”，故应用情态动词would/should have done，故填would/should have attended。 27．I think something have happened to Jill. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我想在吉尔身上一定发生了什么事。根据I think...判断，句子表达“对已发生事情的推测”，且语气肯定，must have done是固定结构，用于对过去情况的强烈推测，意为“一定已经……”。故填must。 28．I have her telephone number. You call her if you like. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我有她的电话号码，如果你愿意，你可以给她打电话。此处表示允许，意为“可以”，故应用情态动词can，故填can。 29．There was a little mouse staying at home all day. I go out, even at night. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】daren’t 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：有一只小老鼠整天待在家里。我甚至不敢在晚上出去。此处表示“不敢”，用情态动词dare的否定形式daren’t。故填daren’t。 30．Carson proves that a simple lyric form that been passed down through the ages (can) still be employed today to draw attention to important truths. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 has can 【详解】考查动词语态、主谓一致和情态动词。句意：Carson证明了一种简单的抒情形式，这种形式已经流传了几个世纪，如今仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的关注。“that ______ been passed down through the ages”为定语从句，根据through the ages可知，表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，从句时态用现在完成时，that代替先行词a simple lyric form在定语从句中作主语，与pass down为被动关系，从句用现在完成时的被动语态，第一个空助动词用has。第二个空表示“能够”，用情态动词can，且根据today可知，此处描述现在的一般事实，时态用一般现在时，第二个空用情态动词can。故填①has；②can。 一、阅读理解 一、阅读理解 A Here are four of the biggest dog parks in the U. S. that provide plenty of space for your four-legged friends to explore freely and have endless fun. Cherry Creek State Park Located in Aurora, Colorado, Cherry Creek State Park offers a big free running area of over 107 acres (英亩). It’s a perfect place for dogs that love to run and explore in a natural setting. The park features pathways, open fields, and even a pool where dogs can cool off during hot days. Given its huge size, it’s essential to have reliable dog collars (项圈) with identification labels for your furry friends, as they might wander far and wide. Millie Bush Dog Park Covering over 7, 800 acres, George Bush Park in Houston, Texas, is one of the largest parks in the country, and it has a big dog park inside. The Millie Bush Dog Park covers 15acres, with large grassy areas, ponds for swimming, and shaded spots for resting. The park is divided into separate areas for large and small dogs, ensuring safety and comfort for all. When visiting, bring a strong dog collar, as your pet will have plenty of space to explore and adventure. Point Isabel Regional Shoreline Situated along the San Francisco Bay in Richmond, California, Point Isabel Regional Shoreline is one of the largest dog parks in the country, covering 23 acres. This park provides beautiful bay views and plenty of room for dogs to run and play freely. It also has a dog-friendly café and a washing station, making it a convenient and fun spot for a full day of activities. The open environment means durable dog collars are a must to ensure your pet’s safety during their adventures. Bear Creek Dog Park In Columbia, Missouri, Cosmo Park is home to one of the largest dog parks in the Midwest. Its Bear Creek Dog Park covers nearly 15 acres, offering wide-open spaces, trails, and a pool where dogs can play around. This park also features separate areas for large and small dogs, making it a flexible option for dog owners. With so much space to explore, a secure dog collar is very important to keep your dog safe while they enjoy the park. 1．Where is the Millie Bush Dog Park located? A．In Houston, Texas. B．In Aurora, Colorado. C．In Columbia, Missouri. D．In Richmond, California. 2．Which park has a dog friendly café? A．Cosmo Park. B．George Bush Park. C．Cherry Creek State Park. D．Point Isabel Regional Shoreline. 3．What do the four parks have in common? A．They cover more than 100 acres. B．They recommend using a dog collar. C．They have pools for dogs to swim in. D．They divide areas for big and small dogs. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了美国四个最大的狗狗公园，它们为狗狗提供了充足的自由探索和玩乐空间，并提及了相关注意事项。 1．细节理解题。根据Millie Bush Dog Park部分中的“Covering over 7, 800 acres, George Bush Park in Houston, Texas, is one of the largest parks in the country, and it has a big dog park inside. The Millie Bush Dog Park covers 15acres, with large grassy areas, ponds for swimming, and shaded spots for resting.(德克萨斯州休斯顿市的乔治·布什公园占地超过7800英亩，是美国最大的公园之一，园内设有一个大型狗公园。米莉·布什狗公园占地15英亩，拥有大片草坪、可供游泳的池塘以及供休息的阴凉区域。)”可知，米莉·布什狗公园位于德克萨斯州休斯顿市。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据Point Isabel Regional Shoreline部分中的“Situated along the San Francisco Bay in Richmond, California, Point Isabel Regional Shoreline is one of the largest dog parks in the country, covering 23 acres. This park provides beautiful bay views and plenty of room for dogs to run and play freely. It also has a dog-friendly café and a washing station, making it a convenient and fun spot for a full day of activities.(伊莎贝尔角区域海岸线位于加利福尼亚州里士满市的旧金山湾沿岸，是美国最大的狗公园之一，占地23英亩。该公园拥有优美的海湾景色，为狗狗提供了充足的自由奔跑和玩耍空间。它还设有一家宠物友好型咖啡馆和一个清洗站，使其成为适合全天活动的便捷且有趣的场所。)”可知，伊莎贝尔角区域海岸线公园内有宠物友好型咖啡馆。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据Cherry Creek State Park部分中的“Given its huge size, it’s essential to have reliable dog collars (项圈) with identification labels for your furry friends, as they might wander far and wide.(由于公园面积庞大，为你的毛茸茸的伙伴配备带有识别标签的可靠狗项圈至关重要，因为它们可能会四处游荡。)”、Millie Bush Dog Park部分中的“When visiting, bring a strong dog collar, as your pet will have plenty of space to explore and adventure.(参观时，请带上结实的狗项圈，因为你的宠物将有充足的空间去探索和冒险。)”、Point Isabel Regional Shoreline部分中的“The open environment means durable dog collars are a must to ensure your pet’s safety during their adventures.(开阔的环境意味着耐用的狗项圈是确保你的宠物在冒险过程中安全的必需品。)”以及Bear Creek Dog Park部分中的“With so much space to explore, a secure dog collar is very important to keep your dog safe while they enjoy the park.(有如此多的空间可供探索，一个安全的狗项圈对于确保你的狗在享受公园乐趣时的安全非常重要。)”可知，这四座公园的共同点是都建议使用狗项圈。故选B项。 B One of the best memories I have from my childhood is the time my mother read to me. When it was cold outside, we sat on the couch late at night with the fire blazing in the fireplace. I leaned against her shoulder and watched the lines on her face disappear as she used her voice to imitate the characters in the book. It could have been her time to relax after taking care of children and a husband all day, but instead, she would smile when I slipped out of my bed and came tiptoeing back into the living room after everyone else was asleep. Being the youngest of 11 children, sometimes, it was easy to get lost in the crowd, and I cherished those moments; I could sit close to her and know it was just my time. My mother’s lines would melt away during those moments because she wasn’t thinking about cooking, cleaning, disciplining, or paying the bills. When she read Cinderella to me, she would make me feel the transition from ashes to riches because she was using her imagination to feel it, too. When I became a busy parent with my children, I understood my mother’s sacrifices for sharing that late-night story time with me. But, somehow, I think she needed it as much as I did. Years later, I had the opportunity to visit an elementary school recently to read to the first-grade class for National Children’s book week. Besides helping a child develop a love for reading, it is a beautiful way to be close to your children and instills (逐步培养) a sense of security they never forget. It’s when the parent focuses on the child without distractions, and a child can feel that. I did. For a moment, we aren’t adults with all the answers and rules, but someone lost in a story with our children. Reading and letting our imagination travel is not just for children, either. When I am at my busiest and feel the most stressed in my life, I find a book and let myself get lost for a while. The difference between reading a book, hanging out on your iPad, or lounging in front of the television to relax is that when you read a book, the story can be what you imagine it to be, and you can learn as fast or as slow as you want to. I like that. 4．What impressed the author most? A．His mother read to him during his childhood. B．Mom warmed him with the fire in the fireplace. C．They sat on the couch enjoying the TV series. D．He imitated the characters in the book. 5．What made the author have contradictory feelings? A．He slipped out of his bed and tiptoed to mum. B．He did everything when others were asleep. C．He was always lost in the crowd. D．He stole mum’s time to relax but enjoyed it. 6．Which is the benefit of reading together according to the passage? A．It helps kids perform well in elementary school. B．It helps kids form a sense of security. C．It helps parents focus on reading without distractions. D．It helps adults find answers and rules. 7．What is the passage mainly aimed at? A．Calling on kids to read more classical literature. B．Promoting the idea of parent-child reading. C．Advertising for National Children’s book week. D．Relieving everyday stress. 【答案】4．A 5．D 6．B 7．B 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者深情回忆童年母亲深夜为自己读书的美好时光，成为父母后理解母亲的付出。借自身经历强调亲子共读对孩子成长意义重大，还能助成年人缓解压力，倡导亲子共读。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“One of the best memories I have from my childhood is the time my mother read to me. (我童年最美好的回忆之一是我母亲给我读书的时候。)”以及后文对母亲给作者读书的各种描述可知，作者童年时母亲给他读书这件事给他留下了最深刻的印象。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段“It could have been her time to relax after taking care of children and a husband all day, but instead, she would smile when I slipped out of my bed and came tiptoeing back into the living room after everyone else was asleep. Being the youngest of 11 children, sometimes, it was easy to get lost in the crowd, and I cherished those moments; I could sit close to her and know it was just my time. (这本来可能是她在照顾孩子和丈夫一整天后放松的时间，但相反，当我从床上溜下来，在其他人都睡着后踮着脚尖回到客厅时，她会微笑。作为11个孩子中最小的一个，有时很容易在人群中被忽视，而我珍惜那些时刻；我可以坐在她身边，知道那是只属于我的时间。)”可知，母亲本可以在那时放松，而作者却占用了母亲的放松时间，但他又很享受和母亲在一起的这些时刻，所以作者有这种矛盾的感觉。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第五段“Besides helping a child develop a love for reading, it is a beautiful way to be close to your children and installs (逐步培养) a sense of security they never forget. (除了帮孩子培养阅读兴趣，这也是一种与孩子拉近距离的美好方式，还能为他们逐步培养起一份终生难忘的安全感。)”可知，亲子共读的好处是能帮助孩子形成安全感。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段“Reading and letting our imagination travel is not just for children, either. When I am at my busiest and feel the most stressed in my life, I find a book and let myself get lost for a while. The difference between reading a book, hanging out on your iPad, or lounging in front of the television to relax is that when you read a book, the story can be what you imagine it to be, and you can learn as fast or as slow as you want to. I like that. ( 读书并任想象驰骋，并非孩童专属。每当生活忙碌到极点、压力最大时，我会找本书，让自己沉浸其中片刻。读书、刷平板或窝在电视前放松，三者的区别在于：读书时，故事的模样能由你想象塑造，阅读节奏也能完全由自己掌控。我就喜欢这一点。)”可知，文章开篇讲述了作者童年时母亲给他读书的美好回忆，接着阐述了自己成为父母后对亲子共读的理解，以及亲子共读的好处，最后还提到阅读对成年人放松的作用，整体围绕亲子共读展开，目的是推广亲子共读的理念。故选B项。 C In the fast-changing tech world, each new generation of wireless communication live, work, and connect with the world around us. Wireless technology entered the scene in the 1980s with the creation of mobile phones. The development of this 1G network was the first time when users could communicate with others without being tied to a landline. The desire for mobile networks led to 2G wireless’ creation in the 1990s. Then the early 2000s created the 3G network supporting mobile Internet use. Users could send emails, and enjoy faster connection speeds. Later, the introduction of smartphones marked the end of the 3G era and the beginning of the 4G era. Our current state of communication started in the early 2020s with the development of the 5G network. Following the great advancements of the 5G network, the next frontier is around the corner: 6G At its core, 6G will be about more than just faster Internet speeds. It will enable a fully immersive (沉浸式的) digital world. Moreover, it will expand the boundaries of what is possible with the Internet of Things (IoT). In short, the potential applications of 6G are vast and varied. 6G’s ultra-low delay and high bandwidth (带宽) will enable telemedicine applications like remote surgery. Wearable health devices could provide continuous health monitoring, telling medical professionals about any signs in real-time. With ultra-fast communication between vehicles and infrastructure (基础设施), traffic management will become more efficient, improving overall safety. Most importantly, smart cities will develop fast on 6G’s capabilities, with everything being connected and improved in real-time. IoT sensors placed in infrastructure will monitor everything from air quality to energy consumption, improving people’s quality of life. 6G is the next step in the development of wireless communication, promising faster speeds, lower delay, and a host of new applications that will change industries and daily life. While it’s still in the early stages of research and development, the potential for 6G is great, and its arrival could have a great impact in the coming decades. 8．What does paragraph 2 mainly focus on about wireless communication? A．Its wide use. B．Its great benefits. C．Its main features. D．Its historical development. 9．How will 6G influence the field of medicine? A．By enabling real-time health monitoring. B．By increasing the accuracy of medical devices. C．By training medical professionals through VR. D．By improving medical waste management systems. 10．What can be inferred from the fifth paragraph? A．The success of remote surgery depends on 6G. B．The applications described need high-speed data transmission. C．6G networks are already capable of powering smart cities. D．The primary goal of 6G is to make entertainment more enjoyable. 11．What is the best title for the passage? A．The History of Mobile Phones: From 1G to 5G B．How 6G Changed the World C．Into the Future: The Rise of 6G D．The Dangers of Wireless Technology 【答案】8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无线通信的发展历程，重点描述了6G通信技术的特点和潜在应用。 8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Wireless technology entered the scene in the 1980s with the creation of mobile phones. The development of this 1G network was the first time when users could communicate with others without being tied to a landline. The desire for mobile networks led to 2G wireless’ creation in the 1990s. Then the early 2000s created the 3G network supporting mobile Internet use. Users could send emails, and enjoy faster connection speeds. Later, the introduction of smartphones marked the end of the 3G era and the beginning of the 4G era.(无线技术在20世纪80年代随着手机的发明而进入市场。这个1G网络的发展是用户第一次可以无需通过固定电话线就能与他人通信。对移动网络的需求导致了20世纪90年代2G无线网络的诞生。然后21世纪初创造了支持移动互联网使用的3G网络。用户可以发送电子邮件，享受更快的连接速度。后来，智能手机的引入标志着3G时代的结束和4G时代的开始。)”可知，这段主要描述了无线通信从1G到4G的历史发展过程。故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据第五段“Wearable health devices could provide continuous health monitoring, telling medical professionals about any signs in real-time.(可穿戴健康设备可以提供持续的健康监测，实时向医疗专业人员报告任何体征。)”可知，6G可以通过实现实时健康监测来影响医学领域。故选A。 10．推理判断题。根据第五段“6G’s ultra-low delay and high bandwidth (带宽) will enable telemedicine applications like remote surgery. Wearable health devices could provide continuous health monitoring, telling medical professionals about any signs in real-time. With ultra-fast communication between vehicles and infrastructure (基础设施), traffic management will become more efficient, improving overall safety. Most importantly, smart cities will develop fast on 6G’s capabilities, with everything being connected and improved in real-time.(6G的超低延迟和高带宽将使远程医疗应用成为可能，比如远程手术。可穿戴健康设备可以提供持续的健康监测，实时向医疗专业人员报告任何体征。通过车辆和基础设施之间的超高速通信，交通管理将变得更加高效，提高整体安全性。最重要的是，智慧城市将在6G的能力上快速发展，所有事物都将实现实时连接和改进。)”可知，这些应用需要高速的数据传输。故选B。 11．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了无线通信的发展历程，重点描述了6G通信技术的特点和潜在应用，包括在医疗、交通和智慧城市方面的应用，最后一段还提到“6G is the next step in the development of wireless communication, promising faster speeds, lower delay, and a host of new applications that will change industries and daily life.(6G是无线通信发展的下一步，承诺提供更快的速度、更低的延迟和一系列将改变行业和日常生活的新应用。)”可知，文章主要讲的是6G的崛起，因此选项C“走向未来：6G的崛起”作为标题最合适。故选C。 D Farming is undergoing a remarkable transformation thanks to cutting-edge technologies reshaping how fruit is picked and handled. While autonomous drones (无人机) like Tevel’s Flying Robots are already harvesting fruit globally, innovations like UC San Diego’s GRIP-tape gripper represent the next frontier in gentle produce handling. Together, these advancements promise to make fruit production more efficient and precise, though one is a proven solution and the other is a glimpse into farming’s future. Tevel’s Flying Autonomous Robots (FARs) are redefining fruit harvesting by combining artificial intelligence with advanced computer vision. These drones navigate through orchards (果园), identifying and picking only the fruit that has reached peak ripeness. Their ability to weave carefully around branches allows them to harvest without bruising or harming the trees. Unlike human pickers, these drones can operate continuously, working day and night to get the job done faster and more consistently. Farmers are empowered by detailed, real-time information about the harvest, including the size, color and ripeness of each fruit, all accessible through a mobile app. This data helps improve harvesting schedules and reduce waste. Multiple drones work together from a mobile platform, covering large orchard areas efficiently. Beyond picking, these robots also detect diseases and track the location of each fruit bin, providing farmers with valuable insights to manage their crops better. While Tevel’s drones tackle harvesting, UC San Diego’s GRIP-tape gripper remains in the experimental stage as a solution for post-harvest handling. Inspired by steel measuring tapes, this prototype (原型) uses layered “fingers” to grasp delicate fruits gently. Early tests show promise in handling objects like lemons and tomatoes without damage, but it has yet to be widely adopted in farming. The gripper’s motorized reels (卷轴) allow its tape-based fingers to extend and convey items like a conveyor belt. Researchers highlight its low cost and safety around humans, but further development is needed to integrate it into commercial packing lines or harvesters. Tevel’s drones are already transforming orchards, while the GRIP-tape gripper offers a vision of how delicate produce handling could evolve. The combination of real-world automation and experimental robotics highlights both the immediate benefits and long-term potential of agritech innovation. 12．What do we know about FARs? A．They can work around the clock. B．They can identify different fruits. C．They redefine the artificial intelligence. D．They perform as efficiently as human workers. 13．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The real-time data collected by mobile apps. B．The advantages of Tevel’s drones for farmers. C．The working process of multiple drones in orchards. D．The various attitudes of the farmers to Tevel’s drones. 14．What can be inferred about UC San Diego’s GRIP-tape gripper? A．It is inspired by human fingers. B．It is widely adopted in farming. C．It tackles the harvesting process. D．It is cost-effective but still in progress. 15．What’s the writing purpose of this text? A．To promote the use of robotics in farming. B．To compare two cutting-edge farming tools. C．To introduce two innovative agricultural technologies. D．To emphasize the long-term potential of autonomous drones. 【答案】12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了两种创新的农业技术。一种是Tevel公司的飞行自主机器人（FARs）；另一种是加州大学圣地亚哥分校的GRIP-tape抓取器。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike human pickers, these drones can operate continuously, working day and night to get the job done faster and more consistently.(与人工采摘者不同，这些无人机可以连续作业，不分昼夜地高效、稳定地完成采摘任务)”可知，FARs可以日夜不停地工作。故选A。 13．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Farmers are empowered by detailed, real-time information about the harvest, including the size, color and ripeness of each fruit, all accessible through a mobile app. This data helps improve harvesting schedules and reduce waste. Multiple drones work together from a mobile platform, covering large orchard areas efficiently.(农民们可以通过手机应用程序获取有关收获的详细实时信息，包括每颗水果的大小、颜色和成熟度。这些数据有助于优化采摘计划，减少浪费。多架无人机可以从一个移动平台上协同工作，高效覆盖大面积的果园)”可知，本段主要讲述了Tevel的无人机为农民带来的好处，如提供详细实时信息帮助改进收获计划、减少浪费。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Researchers highlight its low cost and safety around humans, but further development is needed to integrate it into commercial packing lines or harvesters.(研究人员强调了其成本低廉且对人类安全的特点，但还需要进一步开发才能将其集成到商业包装线或收割机中)”可推知，加州大学圣地亚哥分校的GRIP-tape抓取器成本效益高，但仍在研发过程中。故选D。 15．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“While autonomous drones (无人机) like Tevel’s Flying Robots are already harvesting fruit globally, innovations like UC San Diego’s GRIP-tape gripper represent the next frontier in gentle produce handling.(虽然像Tevel的飞行机器人这类自主无人机已在全球范围内投入水果采摘作业，但加州大学圣地亚哥分校研发的GRIP-tape夹爪（卷尺式夹爪）则代表了农产品轻柔处理领域的下一个前沿方向)”和第二段“Tevel’s Flying Autonomous Robots (FARs) are redefining fruit harvesting by combining artificial intelligence with advanced computer vision.(Tevel的飞行自主机器人（FARs）正通过将人工智能与先进的计算机视觉技术相结合，重新定义水果采摘方式)”可推知，本文的目的是介绍两项农业创新技术。故选C。 七选五 Top College Graduates Get Paid More, but do They Perform Better? Is a top university a good predictor of job performance? Our research shows yes-but only to an extent. We tracked the performance of 28,339 graduates from 294 universities, ranging from the top 10 to the top 20,000. 16 Importantly, we didn’t just measure output quality, but also a wide range of hard and soft skills like teamwork, leadership, and emotional intelligence. Our findings offer comfort to recruiters. After accounting for age, gender, and year of study, we found graduates from top universities performed only slightly better, and only in certain areas. 17 The first was selection: higher-ranked universities usually can choose from a larger pool of applicants, which leads to steeper competition and a higher quality of the incoming class. Corroborating the selectivity hypothesis, our data demonstrated that students at higher-ranked universities indeed score higher on general cognitive ability tests, have more international experience, better English proficiency, and higher cultural intelligence. Second, higher-ranked universities should provide better training. Top universities employ better instructors, offer access to better-equipped facilities, attract better speakers and guests to campus, which in turn, should lead to better training and subsequent performance. Finally, it might be expected that higher-ranked institutions might provide a more stimulating academic environment. 18 Having notable, hardworking, celebrity-status professors, along with being around intelligent, highly-motivated, achievement-oriented peers, positively affects self-efficacy, motivation, effort, and work ethic. Despite their slightly better overall performance, hiring graduates from higher-ranked institutions could have a downside. Our data suggest that students from higher-ranked universities might damage team cooperation, sometimes carelessly. 19 In some instances, graduates from top universities tend to be less friendly, are more prone to conflict, and are less likely to identify with their team. A．Indeed, education is not only lectures and seminars. B．However, our study revealed no difference in the following aspects. C．They clearly know that interpersonal relationships at work play a critical role in career success. D．They tend to excessively focus on the instrumental tasks, paying insufficient attention to interpersonal relationships. E．We also found several reasons why the graduates from the top universities performed better than those from the lower-ranked schools. F．We observed the students’ performance for two months as they were working in global virtual teams on real-life business consulting projects. 【答案】16．F 17．E 18．A 19．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章围绕 “顶尖大学毕业生薪资更高，但工作表现是否更出色” 展开，通过对2.8万余名不同排名大学毕业生的追踪研究，分析顶尖大学毕业生工作表现的优势、原因及潜在不足。 16．上文“We tracked the performance of 28,339 graduates from 294 universities, ranging from the top 10 to the top 20,000. (我们追踪了来自294所大学的28339名毕业生的表现，这些大学排名从 Top10 到 Top20000 不等。)”提到了“追踪毕业生表现”，但未说明具体追踪场景；下文“Importantly, we didn’t just measure output quality, but also a wide range of hard and soft skills like teamwork, leadership, and emotional intelligence. (重要的是，我们不仅衡量工作产出质量，还衡量一系列硬技能和软技能，如团队合作、领导力和情商。)”则补充了“衡量的维度”。需要一句衔接“追踪场景”的句子。选项F“我们观察了这些学生两个月，期间他们在全球虚拟团队中处理现实商业咨询项目。”具体说明了“追踪表现”的场景，填补了上文“追踪”的细节空白，同时为下文“衡量技能”提供了合理的背景。故选F。 17．上文“we found graduates from top universities performed only slightly better, and only in certain areas. (我们发现顶尖大学的毕业生表现仅略好一些，且只在特定领域如此。)”提出了“顶尖大学毕业生表现略好”的结论；下文“The first was selection... (第一个原因是筛选机制……)”以及“Second, higher-ranked universities should provide better training... (其次，排名更高的大学应能提供更好的培训……)”则开始分析“表现略好”的原因。需要一句引出“原因分析”的句子。选项E“我们还发现了顶尖大学毕业生比排名较低大学毕业生表现更好的几个原因。” 直接承接上文的“表现略好”，并明确引出下文的“原因列举”，起到了承上启下的过渡作用。故选E。 18．上文“Finally, it might be expected that higher-ranked institutions might provide a more stimulating academic environment. (最后，人们可能会认为，排名更高的院校可能会提供更具激励性的学术环境。)”提出了“激励性学术环境”的观点；下文“Having notable, hardworking, celebrity-status professors, along with being around intelligent, highly-motivated, achievement-oriented peers, positively affects self-efficacy, motivation, effort, and work ethic. (拥有著名的、勤奋的、名人地位的教授，以及周围聪明、上进心强、以成就为导向的同龄人，对自我效能、动机、努力和职业道德都有积极的影响。)”则具体解释了“激励性环境”的构成和作用。需要一句衔接“环境”与“具体影响”的句子。选项A“事实上，教育不仅仅是讲座和研讨会。”打破了对“教育”的传统认知，暗示“激励性环境”（如教授、同学）也是教育的一部分，为下文具体阐述“环境如何影响学生”做了铺垫。故选A。 19．上文“Our data suggest that students from higher-ranked universities might damage team cooperation, sometimes carelessly. (我们的数据显示，排名更高大学的学生可能会破坏团队合作，有时甚至是无意间的。)”提出了“顶尖大学毕业生可能影响团队合作”的问题；下文“In some instances, graduates from top universities tend to be less friendly, are more prone to conflict, and are less likely to identify with their team. (在某些情况下，顶尖大学的毕业生往往不太友好，更容易发生冲突，也不太可能认同他们的团队。)”则进一步补充了“破坏团队合作”的具体表现。需要一句解释“破坏团队合作”原因的句子。选项D“他们往往过度关注工具性任务，对人际关系关注不足。”从“关注重点偏差”的角度，解释了上文“破坏团队合作”的核心原因，同时与下文“不够友好、易冲突”的表现形成逻辑呼应。故选D。 二、完形填空 On a bright Sunday, my family had planned to spend the weekend in the village. When I saw my father riding his heavy, oversized bicycle, I felt 20 and wanted to have a try despite his 21 that it outweighed me. I pulled my leg on the bike and realized I wouldn’t 22 the ground if I sat on the seat. Yet, with a push on the pedal (踏板), I 23 to ride the bicycle. Feeling excited, I rode around our house many times. After riding 24 , I told my cousin to have a 25 with me. We both rode as fast as we could, but as she was used to her bike, I rode really fast to 26 her. Suddenly she slowed down because there was a curve (弯道) ahead. As I tried to brake (刹车) and get off the moving bicycle, I lost my 27 and I, along with the bicycle, 28 into a roadside water passage. I was too shocked to even cry. But soon I felt 29 for what had just happened, for not only my father but my whole family had 30 over to check on me. Though injured, I felt a strange sense of 31 . I could have cried or shouted, but doing the 32 empowered me. One thing that I will surely remember is that life will bring 33 , while true strength lies in 34 it with a smile and progressing forward. 20．A．inspired B．doubted C．confused D．amused 21．A．suggestion B．warning C．promise D．demand 22．A．cover B．notice C．touch D．measure 23．A．refused B．managed C．expected D．agreed 24．A．carefully B．occasionally C．regularly D．skillfully 25．A．race B．debate C．meeting D．guess 26．A．set up for B．stay up with C．keep up with D．hold on to 27．A．balance B．direction C．patience D．memory 28．A．wandered B．fell C．ran D．divided 29．A．hungry B．worried C．disappointed D．warm 30．A．jumped B．turned C．rushed D．passed 31．A．shame B．relief C．freedom D．bravery 32．A．opposite B．risky C．accurate D．natural 33．A．limitations B．opportunities C．unexpectedness D．unfairness 34．A．treasuring B．accepting C．honoring D．maintaining 【答案】 20．A 21．B 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．A 28．B 29．D 30．C 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。周日作者不顾父亲提醒试骑大自行车，与表妹比赛时摔倒，家人的关切让作者认识到：生活有意外，微笑接纳并前行才是真力量。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看到父亲骑着那辆又重又大的自行车，我受到了鼓舞，尽管他警告说自行车比我还重，我还是想试试。A. inspired受鼓舞的；B. doubted被怀疑的；C. confused困惑的；D. amused好笑的。根据下文“wanted to have a try”可知，这体现了作者积极参与的意愿，inspired符合“看到父亲骑车后产生尝试欲”的逻辑。故选A项。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到父亲骑着那辆又重又大的自行车，我受到了鼓舞，尽管他警告说自行车比我还重，我还是想试试。A. suggestion建议；B. warning警告；C. promise承诺；D. demand要求。根据下文“it outweighed me”可知，这是父亲关于潜在风险的提醒，warning体现父亲对作者尝试的担忧，符合“提醒风险”的语境。故选B项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把腿搭在自行车上，意识到如果坐在座位上，我的脚够不到地面。A. cover覆盖；B. notice注意到；C. touch触碰；D. measure测量。根据上文“it outweighed me”以及语境可知，自行车“又重又大”，而作者体型较小，坐在座位上脚会“碰不到地面”，touch符合“身体与地面的接触”。故选C项。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，踩下踏板后，我竟然成功骑上了自行车。A. refused拒绝；B. managed设法做到；C. expected期待；D. agreed同意。根据上文“it outweighed me”以及语境可知，上文提及自行车比作者重、脚够不到地面，此处“yet”表转折，说明作者克服困难“成功骑上自行车”，managed体现“成功完成难事”的含义，符合转折逻辑。故选B项。 24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：熟练骑了几次后，我让表妹和我比赛。A. carefully仔细地；B. occasionally偶尔；C. regularly定期地；D. skillfully熟练地。根据上文“Feeling excited, I rode around our house many times”以及语境可知，这里指作者经过练习后，已经熟练掌握骑车技巧，skillfully符合“练习很多次后”的状态。故选D项。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：熟练骑了几次后，我让表妹和我比赛。A. race比赛；B. debate辩论；C. meeting会议；D. guess猜测。根据下文“We both rode as fast as we could”可知，这体现比赛的场景，说明表妹和作者在比赛骑车，race是原词复现，符合“比拼速度”的行为。故选A项。 26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们都拼命骑，但因为她习惯骑自己的车，我骑得非常快才勉强跟上她。A. set up for为……做准备；B. stay up with与……保持同步；C. keep up with跟上；D. hold on to坚持。根据上文“as she was used to her bike”以及语境可知，表妹习惯自己的车，骑得更快，所以作者需加速才能跟上她，keep up with符合“比拼中追赶对方”的逻辑。故选C项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我试图刹车并从行驶的自行车上下来时，我失去了平衡，连人带车摔进了路边的排水沟里。A. balance平衡；B. direction方向；C. patience耐心；D. memory记忆。根据上文“I tried to brake(刹车)and get off the moving bicycle”以及语境可知，“刹车、下车”时容易因重心不稳失去平衡，balance符合“摔倒”的原因。故选A项。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我试图刹车并从行驶的自行车上下来时，我失去了平衡，连人带车摔进了路边的排水沟里。A. wandered漫步；B. fell摔倒；C. ran跑；D. divided分开。根据上文“I lost my... ”以及语境可知，“失去平衡”的直接结果是摔倒，fell符合“连人带车掉下去”的动作。故选B项。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但很快，刚刚发生的事让我感到温暖，因为不仅父亲，全家人都跑过来关心我。A. hungry饥饿的；B. worried担心的；C. disappointed失望的；D. warm温暖的。根据下文“my whole family had...over to check on me”可知，“全家人跑过来关心我”会带来情感上的温暖，warm符合“被家人关爱”的感受。故选D项。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但很快，刚刚发生的事让我感到温暖，因为不仅父亲，全家人都跑过来关心我。A. jumped跳；B. turned转向；C. rushed冲、跑；D. passed经过。根据下文“over to check on me”以及语境可知，家人担心作者的安危，会“匆忙跑过来”，rushed体现“急切关心”的态度，符合“意外发生后的紧张场景”。故选C项。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然受了伤，但我却感到一种莫名的勇敢。A. shame羞愧；B. relief缓解；C. freedom自由；D. bravery勇敢。根据下文“I could have cried or shouted, but doing the...empowered me”可知，作者没有哭喊，这体现作者的勇敢，bravery符合“不脆弱、显坚强”的状态。故选D项。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我本可以哭喊，但做相反的事（即不哭不喊）给了我力量。A. opposite相反的；B. risky冒险的；C. accurate准确的；D. natural自然的。根据上文“I could have cried or shouted”以及but表转折可知，“哭喊”是脆弱的表现，“不哭不喊”是其“相反的”行为，opposite符合“行为对比”的逻辑。故选A项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一件事我一定会记住：生活总会带来意外，而真正的力量在于微笑着接受它，并继续前进。A. limitations限制；B. opportunities机会；C. unexpectedness意外；D. unfairness不公平。根据上文“As I tried to brake (刹车) and get off the moving bicycle, I lost my...”以及语境可知，作者骑车比赛时摔倒属于意外，unexpectedness是对前文事件的总结，符合“生活中突发的意外情况”。故选C项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一件事我一定会记住：生活总会带来意外，而真正的力量在于微笑着接受它，并继续前进。A. treasuring珍惜；B. accepting接受；C. honoring尊重；D. maintaining维持。根据下文“with a smile and progressing forward”以及语境可知，面对意外，“微笑着接受”是积极态度，accepting符合“不抱怨、直面意外”的逻辑。故选B项。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For learning Chinese, the correct pronunciation of the words 35 (be) very important. Native speakers perfect these sounds as they grow up, but for new learners, this may take time. For Mandarin learners, pronunciation is one of the 36 (challenge) most people tend to meet with. Error-making is a 37 (nature) part of learning any language, not just Mandarin, and we all have our own fair share of weak points. We can easily spot some Mandarin pronunciation mistakes 38 are a lot more common than others. Pronunciation in Mandarin is important, because a simple shift in tone can completely change the meaning of a word. Unlike other East Asian languages, Mandarin depends heavily 39 tone to convey the proper meaning, so correct Chinese pronunciation is essential. Sometimes, 40 the difference in sound is clear enough, learners make the mistake of pronouncing it the same way. The best approach to 41 (solve) this is to use a Mandarin pronunciation guide which tells you exactly how different sounds 42 (make) and where they come from so you can differentiate (区别) between them properly. English has stressed syllables within words, while Mandarin does not. Mandarin can make changes to the tone of the vowel, which in turn, changes the meaning. Mandarin does have stress within a sentence. 43 (improve) your Mandarin pronunciation, listen to native Mandarin speakers as much as possible and talk with them too. Besides having general conversations with people 44 (regular), you should make sure you have a teacher who can help you identify where you’re going wrong. Remember, practice makes perfect! 【答案】 35．is 36．challenges 37．natural 38．that/which 39．on 40．although/though/while 41．solving 42．are made 43．To improve 44．regularly 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了学习汉语时正确发音的重要性及提升发音的方法。 35．考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：对于学习中文来说，单词的正确发音是非常重要的。主语是“the correct pronunciation of the words”，为单数概念，且陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填is。 36．考查名词复数。句意：对于普通话学习者来说，发音是人们经常会遇到的挑战之一。根据空前的“one of the”可知，其后应接可数名词的复数形式。challenge“挑战”的复数是challenges。故填challenges。 37．考查形容词。句意：犯错是学习任何语言的一个自然部分，不仅仅是普通话，我们都有自己的弱点。空格处位于冠词a之后，名词part之前，应用形容词修饰名词。nature的形容词形式是natural“自然的”。故填natural。 38．考查定语从句。句意：我们很容易发现一些普通话发音错误比其他错误更常见。此处引导定语从句，先行词是“Mandarin pronunciation mistakes”，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 39．考查介词。句意：与其他东亚语言不同，普通话在很大程度上依赖声调来传达正确的意思，所以正确的汉语发音至关重要。depend on是固定短语，意为“依赖，依靠”。故填on。 40．考查连词。句意：有时，尽管声音上的差异足够明显，学习者还是会犯同样的发音错误。此处表示让步关系，用although/though/while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。故填although/though/while。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：解决这个问题的最好方法是使用一本普通话发音指南，它准确地告诉你不同的声音是如何发出的，以及它们来自哪里，这样你就可以正确地区分它们。“the approach to doing sth.”是固定用法，意为“做某事的方法”，to是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填solving。 42．考查时态和语态。句意同上。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时；“how different sounds 8 (make)”是宾语从句，从句中主语different sounds与动词make之间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are made。 43．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了提高你的普通话发音，尽可能多地听以普通话为母语的人说话，也和他们交谈。此处表目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。句首单词首字母大写，故填To improve。 44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：除了定期与人进行一般性对话外，你还应该确保有一位老师可以帮助你找出你哪里出错了。此处修饰动词having，用副词regularly，表示“定期地，有规律地”。故填regularly。 四、书信写作 45．假如你是李华，近日你校将举办英语演讲活动，主题为“New Advances in Technology will Change Our Future Life”，请你用英语写一封演讲稿，根据你的畅想描述新科技将如何改变我们的生活。 注意：1. 词数100左右；  2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 New Advances in Technology will Change Our Future Life ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文1 New Advances in Technology will Change Our Future Life It’s my great honour to be here to share with you my opinions on the influences of new advances in technology. In the future, new technology will make our life more convenient and comfortable. For example, smart homes will allow us to control lights, air conditioners and even cookers with just a voice command, saving us a lot of time. Self-driving cars will not only reduce traffic accidents but also free us from the tiredness of driving, letting us use travel time to work or relax. Moreover, AI doctors may help diagnose diseases more accurately and quickly, especially in remote areas where medical resources are scarce. In short, new technological advances will bring us a better future. Let’s look forward to it together! Thank you for your listening. That’s all. 参考范文2 New Advances in Technology will Change Our Future Life It’s my great honour to be here to share with you my opinions on the influences of new advances in technology. With the development of science and technology, our life in the future will be quite different from what it is now. At that time we’ll live in a greener and more beautiful world with trees, birds, blue skies and sunshine. And we’ll be able to arrange things like meals, bathing and sleep with our smart phones. Robots will be able to do most of the housework for us. As for work, we’ll mostly work at home, communicating ideas for work online. If necessary, we’ll have video meetings with our partners around the world. During our free time, we’ll be able to travel to places of interest in new vehicles like driverless cars. We’ll even enjoy space trips to the moon and other planets. All in all, our life will become more comfortable and convenient. Thank you for your listening. That’s all. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于演讲稿。要求考生写一篇演讲稿，在稿件中分享对于新技术进步对未来生活影响的看法，畅想描述新科技给我们的生活带来的改变。 【详解】1.词汇积累 影响：influence → impact 方便的：convenient → handy 疲劳：tiredness → fatigue 减少：reduce→decline 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：It’s my great honour to be here to share with you my opinions on the influences of new advances in technology. 拓展句：It’s my great honour to be here to share with you my opinions, which are about the influences of new advances in technology. 【点睛】【高分句型1】For example, smart homes will allow us to control lights, air conditioners and even cookers with just a voice command, saving us a lot of time.（运用了现在分词作状语） 【高分句型2】Moreover, AI doctors may help diagnose diseases more accurately and quickly, especially in remote areas where medical resources are scarce.（运用了where引导限制性定语从句） 五、书面表达 46．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之成为一篇完整的短文。 Nancy stepped into the high school hallway with a pounding heart. It was her first week, and she clutched her notebook tightly, scanning the crowd for familiar faces. Back in middle school, she’d learned that smiling widely and agreeing with everyone kept her from being lonely. “I’ll just do what works,” she thought to herself. At lunch, she spotted a girl with curly hair sitting alone by the window. “Hi! I’m Nancy. Mind if I join you?” she asked, already pulling out a chair. The girl looked up — Alice, according to the name tag on her desk. “Sure,” Alice said, but her tone was flat. Nancy spent the next two weeks trying to win Alice over. She saved the last chocolate in her lunch box for her, laughed loudly at her jokes even when she didn’t get them, and copied Alice’s notes word for word, hoping to spark conversations. “Your handwriting is so neat!” she’d say. Alice would just nod and turn back to her book. One afternoon, Nancy lingered by the classroom door, holding a drawing she’d made of Alice’s favorite band. Through the half-open door, she heard voices. It was Alice, talking to a friend. “Nancy’s so annoying,” Alice said. “She agrees with everything I say and brings me things every day. It’s like she’s trying too hard to please everyone. Such a people-pleaser.” The drawing slipped from Nancy’s hand. Her throat felt tight, and her eyes stung. She ran to the bathroom, locked herself in a stall, and stared at her reflection in the mirror. For the first time, her old way of making friends didn’t just feel tiring — it hurt. She thought about all the times she’d pretended to like things she hated, just to fit in. Was this really what friendship meant? 注意：（1）续写词数应为150左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸相应位置作答。 Lying in bed, Nancy kept thinking about this question. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next day, Alice commented on a film, but Nancy didn’t nod. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Lying in bed, Nancy kept thinking about this question. She recalled how she’d forced herself to gush about Alice’s favorite pop singer even though she preferred classical music, and how she’d pretended to love spicy noodles just to match Alice’s taste at lunch. Each memory made her chest feel heavier. “If being myself means being lonely, maybe loneliness is better than feeling like a fake,” she whispered. Suddenly, she sat up — she’d rather have no friends than keep hiding who she was. Tomorrow, she decided, she’d stop trying so hard to please. The next day, Alice commented on a film, but Nancy didn’t nod. “It was so boring — I fell asleep halfway through,” Alice sighed. Normally, Nancy would have agreed, but this time she shook her head. “Actually, I loved the ending! It felt so real,” she said, holding her breath. To her surprise, Alice’s eyes lit up. “Really? I thought I was the only one who hated the bad reviews. Let’s talk about it at lunch!” Nancy smiled — for the first time, it felt like a real one. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了南希为了融入高中生活，刻意讨好同学爱丽丝，却在无意中听到对方抱怨自己太谄媚。这让她开始反思“讨好型友谊”的意义，并做出了改变，顺应自己的本心，做真实的自己，反而得到了爱丽丝的欣赏。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“南希躺在床上，一直在思考这个问题。”可知，第一段可描述南希思考的过程，决定做出改变。 ②由第二段首句内容“第二天，爱丽丝评论了一部电影，但南希没有点头。”可知，第二段可描写南希的变化和做法，以及爱丽丝的反应。 2. 续写线索：思考——回忆过去——反思——决定改变——评论电影——给出不同看法——引发爱丽丝的兴趣——感受到了真实 3. 词汇激活： 行为类： ①回忆、回顾：recall/look back on ②涌出、迸出：gush/spout ③低声说：whisper/murmur ④同意、赞同：agree/approve 情绪类： ①无聊的、枯燥的：boring/dull ②惊讶、惊奇：surprise/amazement 【点睛】【高分句型1】She recalled how she’d forced herself to gush about Alice’s favorite pop singer even though she preferred classical music, and how she’d pretended to love spicy noodles just to match Alice’s taste at lunch. (运用了并列连词and连接的两个连接副词how引导的宾语从句，以及连词even though引导的让步状语从句) 【高分句型2】I thought I was the only one who hated the bad reviews. (运用了省略了连接词that的宾语从句和关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句) / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $