第20讲 动词&动词短语-核心语法 重难点专项突破 任务单 2026届高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

高考核心语法·精练 第20讲 动词&动词短语2026年高考语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、动词分类及核心用法表 此表格梳理动词的四大核心类别（实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词），明确各类动词的功能定位、典型示例及句法规则，是理解动词基本属性与应用场景的基础框架，适配语法填空 “动词类型判断”题型。 类别 子类 功能说明 示例 实义动词 及物动词 后必须接宾语（名词 / 代词 / 动名词等），可接双宾语或宾语补足语 1. 动词 + 宾语：I bought a book. 2. 动词 + 双宾语：She passed me the salt. 3. 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补：We saw children play. 不及物动词 自身语义完整，无需接宾语；可与介词 / 副词构成动词短语 1. 单独使用：They swam in the lake. 2. 构成短语：We waited for the train./The car broke down. 延续性动词 表可持续动作，可与 “for + 时间段”“since + 时间点” 连用 1. We have lived here for 5 years. 2. He kept the book for 2 weeks. 非延续性动词 表瞬间动作，不可与时间段连用；需转换为延续性表达 1. 原形式（接时间点）：He joined the army in 2020. 2. 转换形式（接时间段）：He has been in the army for 4 years. 系动词 状态类 表主语性质 / 身份 / 状态，核心为 be 动词 1. My mother is a teacher. 2. The room was quiet. 持续类 表主语持续保持某状态（stay/remain/keep 等） 1. He stayed calm in the emergency. 2. The door remained closed. 感官类 表人体感官感受（look/sound/smell/taste/feel） 1. The cake tastes sweet. 2. The music sounds wonderful. 变化类 表主语状态变化（become/get/turn/grow/go） 1. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. 2. The milk went bad. 终止类 表结果被证实（prove/turn out） 1. The method proved effective. 2. He turned out an old friend. 助动词 be（am/is/are/was/were） 1. 构成进行时（be + 现在分词） 2. 构成被动语态（be + 过去分词） 1. 进行时：She is cooking. 2. 被动语态：The letter was written. have（has/had） 构成完成时（have + 过去分词）、完成进行时（have+been + 现在分词） 1. 完成时：We have finished homework. 2. 完成进行时：He has been working. do（does/did） 1. 构成疑问 / 否定句 2. 加强语气 3. 代指前文动词 1. 疑问句：Did you go? 2. 强调：He did apologize. 3. 代指：She finished, and I did too. shall/will（would） 构成将来时（shall/will + 动词原形）、过去将来时（would + 动词原形） 1. 将来时：We will go tomorrow. 2. 过去将来时：He said he would come. 情态动词 常见情态动词 无人称 / 数变化，后接动词原形；表能力、义务、推测等 1. 能力：She can speak English. 2. 义务：You must obey rules. 3. 推测：He may be late. 注意事项： 1. 及物动词的宾语不可省略：若省略会导致句意不完整（错误：I bought.；正确：I bought a pen.）； 2. 系动词后接表语而非宾语：表语多为形容词、名词或介词短语（错误：The food tastes well.；正确：The food tastes good.）； 3. 助动词不可单独作谓语：需与实义动词搭配（错误：He has.；正确：He has eaten.）； 4. 非延续性动词的转换：需记忆固定转换形式（如 begin→be on、die→be dead），不可直接与时间段连用（错误：The film has begun for 10 minutes.；正确：The film has been on for 10 minutes.）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. My parents ________ (buy) a new house in the suburbs last year, and they have lived there ever since. 2. The milk ________ (go) bad if we don’t put it in the refrigerator soon. 3. They ________ (wait) for the bus at the stop for nearly 20 minutes when it finally arrived. 4. She ________ (can) speak three foreign languages when she was only 10 years old. 5. The students ________ (do) their homework carefully now, so please don’t make any noise. 二、非延续性动词与延续性动词转换表 此表格梳理高频非延续性动词的对应延续性表达，明确 “瞬间动作” 转 “持续状态” 的规则，解决 “非延续性动词与时间段连用” 的核心难点，适配语法填空 “时态搭配” 题型。 非延续性动词 延续性表达 示例（正确用法） leave（离开） be away（from） 1. He left Beijing yesterday.（瞬间） 2. He has been away from Beijing for 2 days.（持续） borrow（借） keep（持有） 1. I borrowed the book yesterday.（瞬间） 2. I have kept the book for a week.（持续） buy（买） have（拥有） 1. She bought a bike last month.（瞬间） 2. She has had the bike for a month.（持续） begin/start（开始） be on（进行中） 1. The meeting began at 9.（瞬间） 2. The meeting has been on for 30 minutes.（持续） die（去世） be dead（已故） 1. His grandfather died in 2020.（瞬间） 2. His grandfather has been dead for 4 years.（持续） finish（结束） be over（结束） 1. The exam finished at 5.（瞬间） 2. The exam has been over for an hour.（持续） join（加入） be in + 组织 /be a member of + 组织 1. He joined the club last year.（瞬间） 2. He has been in the club for a year.（持续） marry（结婚） be married（已婚） 1. They married in 2018.（瞬间） 2. They have been married for 6 years.（持续） fall ill（生病） be ill（生病中） 1. She fell ill yesterday.（瞬间） 2. She has been ill for 2 days.（持续） put on（穿上） wear（穿着） 1. He put on a coat just now.（瞬间） 2. He has worn the coat all day.（持续） 注意事项： 1. 转换后的延续性表达无被动：如 “be married” 表状态，不可说 “is married by sb”（错误），被动需用 “was married to sb”（表动作）； 2. 时间状语的匹配：非延续性动词接 “时间点”（yesterday/in 2020），延续性表达接 “时间段”（for 3 days/since 2020），不可混用； 3. 特殊转换的记忆：部分动词转换无规律（如 join→be in），需单独记忆，避免直接加 “for + 时间段”（错误：He has joined for a year.；正确：He has been in for a year.）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. He ________ (join) the English club three months ago, and he has been a member of it ever since. 2. My brother ________ (borrow) a storybook from the library last week, and he has ________ (keep) it for five days. 3. The meeting ________ (begin) at 9 o’clock this morning, and it has been ________ for more than two hours. 4. Her grandmother ________ (die) in 2019, and she has been ________ (die) for five years. 5. We ________ (leave) our hometown ten years ago, and we have been ________ from it for a long time. 三、易混动词短语对比表 此表格解决 “动词短语误用” 问题，适配语法填空及单项选择中的辨析类题型，帮助规避常见错误。 易混短语组 语义差异 示例（正确用法） look up vs look through 1. look up：主动查阅资料（字典 / 信息）或抬头看 2. look through：快速浏览文件或仔细检查 1. She looked up the word in the dictionary. 2. He looked through the contract before signing. take off vs put on 1. take off：脱下衣物、飞机起飞或突然成功 2. put on：穿上衣物、假装情绪或上演节目 1. The plane took off at 8 am./He took off his jacket. 2. She put on a smile./They put on a play. give up vs give in 1. give up：主动放弃习惯、计划或努力（后接名词 / 动名词） 2. give in：屈服于压力、要求（后接 to + 对象） 1. He gave up smoking last year. 2. The government refused to give in to protests. run out of vs run out 1. run out of：人主动耗尽某物（主语为人，后接宾语） 2. run out：某物被动耗尽（主语为物，无宾语） 1. We ran out of milk, so we bought more. 2. Time is running out; hurry up. break down vs break into 1. break down：机器故障、情绪崩溃或物质分解 2. break into：强行闯入场所或突然开始（后接宾语） 1. The car broke down on the road./She broke down in tears. 2. Thieves broke into the house./The crowd broke into applause. carry on vs carry out 1. carry on：继续进行某事（后接 with + 名词 / 动名词） 2. carry out：执行计划、任务或实验（后接宾语） 1. They carried on with the work despite rain. 2. Scientists carried out a study on climate. turn up vs turn down 1. turn up：调高音量、意外出现或发现（后接宾语 / 无宾语） 2. turn down：调低音量、拒绝提议（后接宾语） 1. He turned up the TV./She turned up late. 2. Please turn down the music./He turned down the job. put off vs put up with 1. put off：推迟做某事（后接名词 / 动名词） 2. put up with：忍耐令人不悦的人 / 事（后接宾语） 1. Don’t put off your homework. 2. No one can put up with his rudeness. 注意事项： 1. 及物与不及物差异：如 “run out” 为不及物（无宾语），“run out of” 为及物（需接宾语），不可混淆（错误：We ran out milk.；正确：We ran out of milk.）； 2. 介词搭配：“give in” 后需加 “to” 接对象（错误：give in the pressure；正确：give in to the pressure），“carry on” 后需加 “with” 接名词（错误：carry on the work；正确：carry on with the work）； 3. 多义短语的语境判断：如 “take off” 可表 “脱衣”“起飞”“成功”，需结合上下文区分（如 “The project took off” 表 “项目成功启动”）。 【对点练习】选词填空，并作适当的变形 1. You’d better ________ (look up/look through) the new words in the dictionary if you don’t know their meanings. 2. The plane ________ (took off/put on) on time despite the heavy fog, which surprised all the passengers. 3. He decided to ________ (give up/give in) smoking because it is harmful to his health. 4. We ________ (ran out of/ran out) petrol on the way to the countryside, so we had to call for help. 5. The scientists ________ (carried out/carried on) a series of experiments to test the new drug’s effectiveness. 四、高频动词 + 介词 / 副词固定搭配表 此表格梳理“动词 + 介词 / 副词” 的核心固定搭配，明确短语构成及语义，覆盖 break、get、put 等高频动词，适配语法填空 “短语补全” 及书面表达题型，帮助丰富语言表达。 动词 固定搭配 语义 示例 break break away from 脱离；放弃 She broke away from her family. break down 机器故障；情绪崩溃；分解 The old car broke down./He broke down. break in 闯入；插嘴 Thieves broke in last night./She broke in. break out （战争 / 疾病）爆发 A fire broke out in the factory. break up 分手；打碎；结束 They broke up./The ice broke up. get get across 解释清楚；使理解 He couldn’t get his idea across. get away from 摆脱；逃离 She got away from the crowd. get down to 开始认真做 Let’s get down to work. get over 克服；恢复 She got over her illness. get through 通过；接通电话；完成 He got through the exam./I couldn’t get through. put put aside 搁置；存钱 Put aside your differences./She put aside money. put away 收拾；储存 Put away the books./He put away savings. put down 写下；镇压 Put down the address./The riot was put down. put forward 提出（建议） He put forward a new plan. put up 张贴；提供住宿；举起 Put up a poster./She put up guests. put up with 忍耐；忍受 I can’t put up with noise. take take after （外貌 / 性格）像长辈 He takes after his father. take off 起飞；脱下；成功 The plane took off./Take off your coat. take on 承担；呈现；雇用 He took on more work./The city took on a new look. take up 占据（时间 / 空间）；从事 Reading takes up his time./He took up painting. take in 吸收；理解；欺骗 Plants take in CO₂./I couldn’t take in the lesson. 注意事项： 1. 短语的固定性：不可随意替换介词 / 副词（错误：put up the noise；正确：put up with the noise）； 2. 及物与不及物：如 “break out” 为不及物（无宾语），“break into” 为及物（需接宾语）（错误：break out the house；正确：break into the house）； 3. 多义短语的记忆：如 “put up” 可表 “张贴”“住宿”“举起”，需结合语境记忆，避免语义混淆。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The old building ________ (break) down suddenly last night, and no one was injured fortunately. 2. It’s not easy to get ________the loss of a loved one, but time heals all wounds. 3. They put ________ many posters on the wall to promote the upcoming school concert. 4. She ________ (take) up painting as a hobby after she retired from her job last year. 5. We need to get down ________ work right away if we want to finish the project on time. 五、动词熟词生义表 此表格梳理“高考动词熟词生义”，明确高频动词的 “熟义” 与 “生义” 差异，结合真题示例帮助理解，适配高考阅读理解、完形填空等题型中对词汇深层含义的考查。 动词 熟义 生义 真题 / 示例 address n. 地址；v. 演讲 v. 处理；解决 We must address the air pollution problem. strike v. 打击；罢工；撞击 v. 给…… 印象；让…… 觉得 What struck me was their enthusiasm. account n. 账单；描述；v. 认为 v. account for 解释；说明 We fail to account for the true costs cut v. 切；割；砍 v. 削减；降低 He asked for a price cut. spare v. 抽出（时间 / 金钱）；adj. 备用的 v. 使免遭；免去 This approach spared me over-explaining. count on 指望；依靠 期待；预料到 I hadn’t counted on this problem. place v. 放置；n. 地方 v. 下（订单） I can place the order now. skirt n. 裙子 v. 绕过；沿…… 边缘走 Skirting the square, you’ll find shops. line n. 线；队列 v. 沿…… 排列 Shops line the town square. flood n. 洪水；v. 淹没 v. 大量涌来 Orders flooded in. translate v. 翻译 v. （使）转化；适用于 This productivity translates into the workplace. practice v. 练习；n. 练习 v. （医生 / 律师）执业 Doctors practice medicine. 注意事项： 1. 生义的语境依赖性：生义需结合具体语境判断，不可脱离上下文（如 “address” 表 “处理” 仅用于 “处理问题 / 事务” 场景）； 2. 固定搭配：部分生义需搭配特定介词（如 “account for” 表 “解释”，不可说 “account the costs”）； 3. 高频生义优先记忆：如 “address（处理）”“strike（给印象）”“translate（转化）” 为高考高频考点，需重点掌握其生义及用法。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The government must ________ (address) the problem of rising housing prices as soon as possible. 2. What ________ (strike) me most about the movie is the deep friendship between the two main characters. 3. The company’s new policy ________ (translate) into better working conditions for all employees. 4. She ________ (place) an order for a new dress online yesterday, and it will be delivered next week. 5. The path ________ (skirt) the lake, offering beautiful views of the water and surrounding mountains. 一、语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·江苏南京·一模）This graceful dialogue, which (flow) from brushed fingertips and travelling for thousands of years, is continuing to this day.  2．（2024·河北·一模）They broke my windows and (threat) me. 3．（2021·广东江门·一模）——That must have been a long trip. ——Yeah, it (take) us a whole week to get there. 4．（2021·广东江门·一模）By the end of last year, another new gymnasium (build) in Beijing 5．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Physical is important, but athletes also need to _ their mental resilience. (strength) 6．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Regular training helps athletes to high-intensity workouts, and this is key to success. (adapt) 7．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Confucius, of Confucianism, many educational ideas that became the of Chinese culture. (foundation)  8．（2022高三上·全国·专题练习）The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 9．（22-23高三上·全国·专题练习）This sort of roast meat is a local super food and it （taste）delicious. 10．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）In 1969, the pollution ​​(be) terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. 11．（23-24高三下·重庆·开学考试）I made my decision. Nothing will make me (change) my mind. 12．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Not until then （do）he realize the importance of studying English. 13．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）If you your task in advance,you will have a sense of .(fulfilment) 14．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）The boy can (memory) the data easily. 15．（23-24高三下·重庆·开学考试）Some students agree to hold a party for Christmas, but others (agree) because it’s not a Chinese traditional festival. Passage 1 （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals? Since June 2017, right before the 1 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3 ? Not the pandas, even though 4 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7 they need an English trainer. So, what are they learning? 8 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. Passage 2 （2023·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 1 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 2 (six) century, B．C． Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 4 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 5 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6 (intend) for everyone. 7 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8 saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. Passage 3 （2025·广东·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内适当的单词形式 On the morning of October 19, 2025, a shocking theft took place at the Louvre Museum (卢浮宫) in Paris, one of the world’s most famous art museums. At around 9:30 a.m., shortly after the museum opened its doors to visitors, a group of four thieves carried out 1 well-planned crime. Two of them dressed as workers and entered the museum from the outside using a lift. The other two waited nearby on a motorcycle, ready 2 help them escape. Within just seven minutes, the thieves broke into the Apollo Gallery and stole eight pieces of 3 (value) jewelry. Unluckily, a brave security guard noticed the crime and tried to stop the thieves when 4 set a small fire to distract others. This unexpected action made the thieves panic, so they 5 (flee) in a rush and left behind the “Crown of Empress Eugénie”. After the theft, the police immediately launched an investigation. By November 3, all four suspects were arrested. Two of them were caught on October 25, and the other two on October 29. They were formally charged on November 1. According to Paris prosecutors, the suspects were ordinary thieves rather than 6 (profession) criminals from organized groups, and their previous records 7 (bear) no sign of serious crimes. So far, the stolen jewelry remains missing. The theft has drawn worldwide attention, reminding people 8 the importance of strengthening security 9 (measure) in famous museums. Many people hope that the precious jewelry will be returned to the Louvre soon and that the thieves will be brought to 10 (just) for their illegal act. Passage 4 （2025·浙江·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 Labubu, a toothy and fluffy figure toy from Chinese brand Pop Mart, has sparked a global craze. This phenomenon demonstrates how Chinese enterprises are reshaping 1 (they) international image through innovation, cultural storytelling, and the globalization of homegrown ideas. So what exactly is a Labubu? Labubu is a girl. People often assume she’s a boy, but 2 (actual) it is not the case. Labubu also isn’t a standalone character—she’s part of a larger group 3   (call) “The Monsters”, created by Hong Kong artist and author Kasing Lung. The Monsters first appeared in a Nordic mythology-inspired picture book series in 2015, and by 2019, toy giant Pop Mart 4 (turn) them into the popular plastic toys we know today. Labubu is described 5 an “elvish creature (小精灵) ”, and according to Pop Mart, “despite a naughty look, she is kind-hearted and always wants to help, but often accidentally achieves 6 opposite.” She may look small and scary, but she means well. Labubu’s rise in 7 (popular) can largely be credited to Lisa from BLACKPINK, who has expressed her love for the creature in interviews and on her social media. Since then, demand has exploded with fans 8 (line) up overnight and paying well over retail. Today, The Monsters series is Pop Mart’s best-selling brand and generated $419 million in sales last year, according to NBC News. Although the 9 (prize) items are the bag charms, you can still get your hands on other Labubu 10 (figure) , accessories and brand collaborations. Passage 5 （25-26高三上·广东·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China Focus: China’s upscale ice creams melting hearts of consumers Once just a simple way to cool off, ice cream is seeing a surge of new varieties to meet the expanding tastes and preferences of Chinese consumers since its first appearance. On the Chinese lifestyle-sharing app known internationally as RedNote, many users have posted appealing images of upscale ice creams 1 various shapes, ranging from blooming flowers to fresh fruits, each of 2 is the result of delicate craftsmanship. 3 (comment) such as “adorable” and “too pretty to eat” are very common in these posts. Favored by today’s consumers, especially young people, such ice creams 4 (become) commonplace in souvenir shops at tourist attractions across China since their first appearance. Handan Museum, a well-known tourist site in Hebei in April introduced creative ice creams that drew inspiration from two precious artifacts 5 (house) in the museum. “Blind boxes” containing randomly flavored ice creams are also on sale to attract customers. The museum’s ice creams have been 6 hit among visitors since their launch, with over 100 sold daily this summer. Food industry analyst Zhu Danpeng believes the 7 (emerge) of these visually appealing ice creams reflects a thirst for emotional and 8 (spirit) well-being in consumption. The shift to healthy eating has spurred changes in the industry. Traditional ice cream makers are adjusting their ingredients 9 unveiling new products in response to evolving needs, while new brands are winning customers by labeling themselves as producers of handcrafted and 10 (fresh) made ice creams. Passage 6 （2025·四川雅安·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 At the seventh Silk Road(Dunhuang) International Cultural Expo, Gansu revealed a restored Cave 57 from Mogao Grottoes. 1 (bring) to life via advanced 3D reconstruction, this version has impressed visitors with high precision. It replicates (复制) the cave’s original structure, mural colors and sculptural charm, 2 (make) the restoration nearly identical to the original. Gansu’s Digital Dunhuang initiative has also progressed. Its Digital Library Cave platform now 3 (hold) over 74,000 entries, including documents, sutras and images. 4 makes the platform valuable is that it reunites Dunhuang relics that are dispersed overseas. These efforts show Gansu’s dedication 5 protecting local heritage. This year, the province allocated 103 million yuan for relic protection and launched over 60 projects aimed at grotto protection and exhibition. 6 (notable), Gansu has developed Dunhuang Academy into a top heritage protection center. As a Silk Road cultural gem, the academy explores a range of new 7 (way) in relic protection, digital preservation and academic research. Dunhuang Academy supervises three UNESCO World Heritage sites: the Mogao Grottoes, Maijishan Grottoes and Bingling Temple Grottoes, 8 span over 1,500 kilometers altogether, turning it into China’s largest cultural institution and museum in terms of the number of heritage sites and geographical scope. It is clear that such efforts safeguard local relics 9 boost global cultural exchange, reflecting Gansu’s sense of 10 (responsible) for heritage inheritance. 15 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考核心语法·精练 第20讲 动词&动词短语2026年高考语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、动词分类及核心用法表 此表格梳理动词的四大核心类别（实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词），明确各类动词的功能定位、典型示例及句法规则，是理解动词基本属性与应用场景的基础框架，适配语法填空 “动词类型判断”题型。 类别 子类 功能说明 示例 实义动词 及物动词 后必须接宾语（名词 / 代词 / 动名词等），可接双宾语或宾语补足语 1. 动词 + 宾语：I bought a book. 2. 动词 + 双宾语：She passed me the salt. 3. 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补：We saw children play. 不及物动词 自身语义完整，无需接宾语；可与介词 / 副词构成动词短语 1. 单独使用：They swam in the lake. 2. 构成短语：We waited for the train./The car broke down. 延续性动词 表可持续动作，可与 “for + 时间段”“since + 时间点” 连用 1. We have lived here for 5 years. 2. He kept the book for 2 weeks. 非延续性动词 表瞬间动作，不可与时间段连用；需转换为延续性表达 1. 原形式（接时间点）：He joined the army in 2020. 2. 转换形式（接时间段）：He has been in the army for 4 years. 系动词 状态类 表主语性质 / 身份 / 状态，核心为 be 动词 1. My mother is a teacher. 2. The room was quiet. 持续类 表主语持续保持某状态（stay/remain/keep 等） 1. He stayed calm in the emergency. 2. The door remained closed. 感官类 表人体感官感受（look/sound/smell/taste/feel） 1. The cake tastes sweet. 2. The music sounds wonderful. 变化类 表主语状态变化（become/get/turn/grow/go） 1. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. 2. The milk went bad. 终止类 表结果被证实（prove/turn out） 1. The method proved effective. 2. He turned out an old friend. 助动词 be（am/is/are/was/were） 1. 构成进行时（be + 现在分词） 2. 构成被动语态（be + 过去分词） 1. 进行时：She is cooking. 2. 被动语态：The letter was written. have（has/had） 构成完成时（have + 过去分词）、完成进行时（have+been + 现在分词） 1. 完成时：We have finished homework. 2. 完成进行时：He has been working. do（does/did） 1. 构成疑问 / 否定句 2. 加强语气 3. 代指前文动词 1. 疑问句：Did you go? 2. 强调：He did apologize. 3. 代指：She finished, and I did too. shall/will（would） 构成将来时（shall/will + 动词原形）、过去将来时（would + 动词原形） 1. 将来时：We will go tomorrow. 2. 过去将来时：He said he would come. 情态动词 常见情态动词 无人称 / 数变化，后接动词原形；表能力、义务、推测等 1. 能力：She can speak English. 2. 义务：You must obey rules. 3. 推测：He may be late. 注意事项： 1. 及物动词的宾语不可省略：若省略会导致句意不完整（错误：I bought.；正确：I bought a pen.）； 2. 系动词后接表语而非宾语：表语多为形容词、名词或介词短语（错误：The food tastes well.；正确：The food tastes good.）； 3. 助动词不可单独作谓语：需与实义动词搭配（错误：He has.；正确：He has eaten.）； 4. 非延续性动词的转换：需记忆固定转换形式（如 begin→be on、die→be dead），不可直接与时间段连用（错误：The film has begun for 10 minutes.；正确：The film has been on for 10 minutes.）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. My parents ________ (buy) a new house in the suburbs last year, and they have lived there ever since. 【答案】bought 【解析】考查实义动词（及物动词）。句意：我父母去年在郊区买了一套新房子，从那以后他们就一直住在那里。“buy” 为及物动词，后接宾语 “a new house”，结合 “last year” 用一般过去时，故填 bought。 2. The milk ________ (go) bad if we don’t put it in the refrigerator soon. 【答案】will go 【解析】考查系动词（变化类）。句意：如果我们不尽快把牛奶放进冰箱，它会变质的。“go” 在此处为系动词，表 “变得”，结合条件状语从句 “主将从现” 原则，主句用一般将来时，故填 will go。 3. They ________ (wait) for the bus at the stop for nearly 20 minutes when it finally arrived. 【答案】had been waiting 【解析】考查实义动词（延续性动词）。句意：他们在公交站等了将近 20 分钟，公交车才终于到了。“wait” 为延续性动词，结合 “for nearly 20 minutes” 及 “arrived” 可知，“等车” 动作在 “到达” 前持续发生，用过去完成进行时，故填 had been waiting。 4. She ________ (can) speak three foreign languages when she was only 10 years old. 【答案】could 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：她 10 岁时就能说三门外语了。情态动词 “can” 表 “能力”，结合 “when she was only 10 years old” 用过去式 “could”，故填 could。 5. The students ________ (do) their homework carefully now, so please don’t make any noise. 【答案】are doing 【解析】考查助动词（be 动词）。句意：学生们现在正在认真做作业，所以请不要制造噪音。“be + 现在分词” 构成现在进行时，主语 “students” 为复数，故填 are doing。 二、非延续性动词与延续性动词转换表 此表格梳理高频非延续性动词的对应延续性表达，明确 “瞬间动作” 转 “持续状态” 的规则，解决 “非延续性动词与时间段连用” 的核心难点，适配语法填空 “时态搭配” 题型。 非延续性动词 延续性表达 示例（正确用法） leave（离开） be away（from） 1. He left Beijing yesterday.（瞬间） 2. He has been away from Beijing for 2 days.（持续） borrow（借） keep（持有） 1. I borrowed the book yesterday.（瞬间） 2. I have kept the book for a week.（持续） buy（买） have（拥有） 1. She bought a bike last month.（瞬间） 2. She has had the bike for a month.（持续） begin/start（开始） be on（进行中） 1. The meeting began at 9.（瞬间） 2. The meeting has been on for 30 minutes.（持续） die（去世） be dead（已故） 1. His grandfather died in 2020.（瞬间） 2. His grandfather has been dead for 4 years.（持续） finish（结束） be over（结束） 1. The exam finished at 5.（瞬间） 2. The exam has been over for an hour.（持续） join（加入） be in + 组织 /be a member of + 组织 1. He joined the club last year.（瞬间） 2. He has been in the club for a year.（持续） marry（结婚） be married（已婚） 1. They married in 2018.（瞬间） 2. They have been married for 6 years.（持续） fall ill（生病） be ill（生病中） 1. She fell ill yesterday.（瞬间） 2. She has been ill for 2 days.（持续） put on（穿上） wear（穿着） 1. He put on a coat just now.（瞬间） 2. He has worn the coat all day.（持续） 注意事项： 1. 转换后的延续性表达无被动：如 “be married” 表状态，不可说 “is married by sb”（错误），被动需用 “was married to sb”（表动作）； 2. 时间状语的匹配：非延续性动词接 “时间点”（yesterday/in 2020），延续性表达接 “时间段”（for 3 days/since 2020），不可混用； 3. 特殊转换的记忆：部分动词转换无规律（如 join→be in），需单独记忆，避免直接加 “for + 时间段”（错误：He has joined for a year.；正确：He has been in for a year.）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. He ________ (join) the English club three months ago, and he has been a member of it ever since. 【答案】joined 【解析】考查非延续性动词。句意：他三个月前加入了英语俱乐部，从那以后就一直是俱乐部成员。“join” 为非延续性动词，结合 “three months ago” 用一般过去时，故填 joined。 2. My brother ________ (borrow) a storybook from the library last week, and he has ________ (keep) it for five days. 【答案】borrowed; kept 【解析】考查非延续性动词与延续性动词转换。句意：我哥哥上周从图书馆借了一本故事书，已经借了五天了。“borrow” 为非延续性动词，结合 “last week” 用一般过去时；“keep” 为其对应的延续性动词，结合 “for five days” 用现在完成时，故填 borrowed; kept。 3. The meeting ________ (begin) at 9 o’clock this morning, and it has been ________ for more than two hours. 【答案】began; on 【解析】考查非延续性动词与延续性动词转换。句意：会议今天早上 9 点开始，已经开了两个多小时了。“begin” 为非延续性动词，结合 “this morning” 用一般过去时；“be on” 为其对应的延续性表达，故填 began; on。 4. Her grandmother ________ (die) in 2019, and she has been ________ (die) for five years. 【答案】died; dead 【解析】考查非延续性动词与延续性动词转换。句意：她的奶奶 2019 年去世了，已经去世五年了。“die” 为非延续性动词，结合 “in 2019” 用一般过去时；“be dead” 为其对应的延续性表达，故填 died; dead。 5. We ________ (leave) our hometown ten years ago, and we have been ________ from it for a long time. 【答案】left; away 【解析】考查非延续性动词与延续性动词转换。句意：我们十年前离开了家乡，已经离开那里很久了。“leave” 为非延续性动词，结合 “ten years ago” 用一般过去时；“be away” 为其对应的延续性表达，故填 left; away。 三、易混动词短语对比表 此表格解决 “动词短语误用” 问题，适配语法填空及单项选择中的辨析类题型，帮助规避常见错误。 易混短语组 语义差异 示例（正确用法） look up vs look through 1. look up：主动查阅资料（字典 / 信息）或抬头看 2. look through：快速浏览文件或仔细检查 1. She looked up the word in the dictionary. 2. He looked through the contract before signing. take off vs put on 1. take off：脱下衣物、飞机起飞或突然成功 2. put on：穿上衣物、假装情绪或上演节目 1. The plane took off at 8 am./He took off his jacket. 2. She put on a smile./They put on a play. give up vs give in 1. give up：主动放弃习惯、计划或努力（后接名词 / 动名词） 2. give in：屈服于压力、要求（后接 to + 对象） 1. He gave up smoking last year. 2. The government refused to give in to protests. run out of vs run out 1. run out of：人主动耗尽某物（主语为人，后接宾语） 2. run out：某物被动耗尽（主语为物，无宾语） 1. We ran out of milk, so we bought more. 2. Time is running out; hurry up. break down vs break into 1. break down：机器故障、情绪崩溃或物质分解 2. break into：强行闯入场所或突然开始（后接宾语） 1. The car broke down on the road./She broke down in tears. 2. Thieves broke into the house./The crowd broke into applause. carry on vs carry out 1. carry on：继续进行某事（后接 with + 名词 / 动名词） 2. carry out：执行计划、任务或实验（后接宾语） 1. They carried on with the work despite rain. 2. Scientists carried out a study on climate. turn up vs turn down 1. turn up：调高音量、意外出现或发现（后接宾语 / 无宾语） 2. turn down：调低音量、拒绝提议（后接宾语） 1. He turned up the TV./She turned up late. 2. Please turn down the music./He turned down the job. put off vs put up with 1. put off：推迟做某事（后接名词 / 动名词） 2. put up with：忍耐令人不悦的人 / 事（后接宾语） 1. Don’t put off your homework. 2. No one can put up with his rudeness. 注意事项： 1. 及物与不及物差异：如 “run out” 为不及物（无宾语），“run out of” 为及物（需接宾语），不可混淆（错误：We ran out milk.；正确：We ran out of milk.）； 2. 介词搭配：“give in” 后需加 “to” 接对象（错误：give in the pressure；正确：give in to the pressure），“carry on” 后需加 “with” 接名词（错误：carry on the work；正确：carry on with the work）； 3. 多义短语的语境判断：如 “take off” 可表 “脱衣”“起飞”“成功”，需结合上下文区分（如 “The project took off” 表 “项目成功启动”）。 【对点练习】选词填空，并作适当的变形 1. You’d better ________ (look up/look through) the new words in the dictionary if you don’t know their meanings. 【答案】look up 【解析】考查易混动词短语。句意：如果你不知道生词的意思，最好在字典里查阅它们。“look up” 表 “查阅资料”，符合语境，“had better” 后接动词原形，故填 look up。 2. The plane ________ (took off/put on) on time despite the heavy fog, which surprised all the passengers. 【答案】took off 【解析】考查易混动词短语。句意：尽管有大雾，飞机还是准时起飞了，这让所有乘客都很惊讶。“took off” 表 “飞机起飞”，符合语境，结合语境用一般过去时，故填 took off。 3. He decided to ________ (give up/give in) smoking because it is harmful to his health. 【答案】give up 【解析】考查易混动词短语。句意：他决定戒烟，因为吸烟对他的健康有害。“give up” 表 “放弃习惯”，后接动名词，故填 give up。 4. We ________ (ran out of/ran out) petrol on the way to the countryside, so we had to call for help. 【答案】ran out of 【解析】考查易混动词短语。句意：我们在去乡下的路上用完了汽油，所以不得不打电话求助。“ran out of” 表 “人耗尽某物”，后接宾语 “petrol”，故填 ran out of。 5. The scientists ________ (carried out/carried on) a series of experiments to test the new drug’s effectiveness. 【答案】carried out 【解析】考查易混动词短语。句意：科学家们进行了一系列实验来测试这种新药的有效性。“carried out” 表 “执行实验、任务”，故填 carried out。 四、高频动词 + 介词 / 副词固定搭配表 此表格梳理“动词 + 介词 / 副词” 的核心固定搭配，明确短语构成及语义，覆盖 break、get、put 等高频动词，适配语法填空 “短语补全” 及书面表达题型，帮助丰富语言表达。 动词 固定搭配 语义 示例 break break away from 脱离；放弃 She broke away from her family. break down 机器故障；情绪崩溃；分解 The old car broke down./He broke down. break in 闯入；插嘴 Thieves broke in last night./She broke in. break out （战争 / 疾病）爆发 A fire broke out in the factory. break up 分手；打碎；结束 They broke up./The ice broke up. get get across 解释清楚；使理解 He couldn’t get his idea across. get away from 摆脱；逃离 She got away from the crowd. get down to 开始认真做 Let’s get down to work. get over 克服；恢复 She got over her illness. get through 通过；接通电话；完成 He got through the exam./I couldn’t get through. put put aside 搁置；存钱 Put aside your differences./She put aside money. put away 收拾；储存 Put away the books./He put away savings. put down 写下；镇压 Put down the address./The riot was put down. put forward 提出（建议） He put forward a new plan. put up 张贴；提供住宿；举起 Put up a poster./She put up guests. put up with 忍耐；忍受 I can’t put up with noise. take take after （外貌 / 性格）像长辈 He takes after his father. take off 起飞；脱下；成功 The plane took off./Take off your coat. take on 承担；呈现；雇用 He took on more work./The city took on a new look. take up 占据（时间 / 空间）；从事 Reading takes up his time./He took up painting. take in 吸收；理解；欺骗 Plants take in CO₂./I couldn’t take in the lesson. 注意事项： 1. 短语的固定性：不可随意替换介词 / 副词（错误：put up the noise；正确：put up with the noise）； 2. 及物与不及物：如 “break out” 为不及物（无宾语），“break into” 为及物（需接宾语）（错误：break out the house；正确：break into the house）； 3. 多义短语的记忆：如 “put up” 可表 “张贴”“住宿”“举起”，需结合语境记忆，避免语义混淆。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The old building ________ (break) down suddenly last night, and no one was injured fortunately. 【答案】broke 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：这座老建筑昨晚突然倒塌了，幸运的是没有人受伤。“break down” 表 “建筑物倒塌”，结合 “last night” 用一般过去时，故填 broke。 2. It’s not easy to get ________the loss of a loved one, but time heals all wounds. 【答案】over 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：克服失去亲人的痛苦并不容易，但时间能治愈一切创伤。“get over” 表 “克服困难、伤痛”，“it’s not easy to” 后接动词原形，故填over。 3. They put ________ many posters on the wall to promote the upcoming school concert. 【答案】up 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：他们在墙上贴了很多海报来宣传即将到来的学校音乐会。“put up” 表 “张贴”，结合语境用一般过去时，故填up。 4. She ________ (take) up painting as a hobby after she retired from her job last year. 【答案】took 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：她去年退休后，开始把画画当作爱好。“take up” 表 “从事、开始做”，结合 “last year” 用一般过去时，故填 took。 5. We need to get down ________ work right away if we want to finish the project on time. 【答案】to 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：如果我们想按时完成项目，就需要马上开始认真工作。“get down to” 表 “开始认真做”，故填 to。 五、动词熟词生义表 此表格梳理“高考动词熟词生义”，明确高频动词的 “熟义” 与 “生义” 差异，结合真题示例帮助理解，适配高考阅读理解、完形填空等题型中对词汇深层含义的考查。 动词 熟义 生义 真题 / 示例 address n. 地址；v. 演讲 v. 处理；解决 We must address the air pollution problem. strike v. 打击；罢工；撞击 v. 给…… 印象；让…… 觉得 What struck me was their enthusiasm. account n. 账单；描述；v. 认为 v. account for 解释；说明 We fail to account for the true costs cut v. 切；割；砍 v. 削减；降低 He asked for a price cut. spare v. 抽出（时间 / 金钱）；adj. 备用的 v. 使免遭；免去 This approach spared me over-explaining. count on 指望；依靠 期待；预料到 I hadn’t counted on this problem. place v. 放置；n. 地方 v. 下（订单） I can place the order now. skirt n. 裙子 v. 绕过；沿…… 边缘走 Skirting the square, you’ll find shops. line n. 线；队列 v. 沿…… 排列 Shops line the town square. flood n. 洪水；v. 淹没 v. 大量涌来 Orders flooded in. translate v. 翻译 v. （使）转化；适用于 This productivity translates into the workplace. practice v. 练习；n. 练习 v. （医生 / 律师）执业 Doctors practice medicine. 注意事项： 1. 生义的语境依赖性：生义需结合具体语境判断，不可脱离上下文（如 “address” 表 “处理” 仅用于 “处理问题 / 事务” 场景）； 2. 固定搭配：部分生义需搭配特定介词（如 “account for” 表 “解释”，不可说 “account the costs”）； 3. 高频生义优先记忆：如 “address（处理）”“strike（给印象）”“translate（转化）” 为高考高频考点，需重点掌握其生义及用法。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The government must ________ (address) the problem of rising housing prices as soon as possible. 【答案】address 【解析】考查动词熟词生义。句意：政府必须尽快解决房价上涨的问题。“address” 熟义为 “地址；演讲”，生义为 “处理、解决”，符合语境，“must” 后接动词原形，故填 address。 2. What ________ (strike) me most about the movie is the deep friendship between the two main characters. 【答案】strikes 【解析】考查动词熟词生义。句意：这部电影最让我印象深刻的是两个主角之间深厚的友谊。“strike” 熟义为 “打击；撞击”，生义为 “给…… 印象”，结合语境用一般现在时，主语为 “What”，谓语用单数，故填 strikes。 3. The company’s new policy ________ (translate) into better working conditions for all employees. 【答案】translates 【解析】考查动词熟词生义。句意：公司的新政策转化为了所有员工更好的工作条件。“translate” 熟义为 “翻译”，生义为 “（使）转化”，结合语境用一般现在时，主语为单数，故填 translates。 4. She ________ (place) an order for a new dress online yesterday, and it will be delivered next week. 【答案】placed 【解析】考查动词熟词生义。句意：她昨天在网上订购了一条新裙子，下周会发货。“place” 熟义为 “放置；地方”，生义为 “下（订单）”，结合 “yesterday” 用一般过去时，故填 placed。 5. The path ________ (skirt) the lake, offering beautiful views of the water and surrounding mountains. 【答案】skirts 【解析】考查动词熟词生义。句意：这条小路沿着湖边延伸，能欣赏到湖水和周围山脉的美景。“skirt” 熟义为 “裙子”，生义为 “沿…… 边缘走、绕过”，结合语境用一般现在时，主语为单数，故填 skirts。 一、语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·江苏南京·一模）This graceful dialogue, which (flow) from brushed fingertips and travelling for thousands of years, is continuing to this day.  【答案】has been flowing 【详解】考查时态。句意：这一段从指尖流淌，并传播了数千年的优雅对话，一直持续到今天。flow(流淌)作定语从句中谓语，与主语which(即先行词This graceful dialogue)之间是主动关系，根据时间状语“for thousands of years”可知，“流淌”这一动作从过去一直持续到现在，应用现在完成进行时，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填has been flowing。 2．（2024·河北·一模）They broke my windows and (threat) me. 【答案】threatened 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他们打破我的窗户并且威胁我。分析句子可知，空处应为动词，与“broke”并列作谓语，故应为过去式；threaten为动词，表示“威胁”，符合句意。故填threatened。 3．（2021·广东江门·一模）——That must have been a long trip. ——Yeah, it (take) us a whole week to get there. 【答案】took 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——那一定是一段漫长的旅程。——是啊，我们花了整整一周才到那里。空处应填谓语动词的形式，由That must have been a long trip可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填took。 4．（2021·广东江门·一模）By the end of last year, another new gymnasium (build) in Beijing 【答案】had been built 【详解】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：到去年年底，北京又建成了一座新体育馆。句子主语another new gymnasium和谓语动词build之间是被动关系，再根据时间状语By the end of last year“到去年年底”，可知句子用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been built。 5．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Physical is important, but athletes also need to their mental resilience. (strength) 【答案】 strength strengthen 【详解】考查名词和动词。句意：体力很重要，但运动员也需要加强他们的心理韧性。第一空作主语，用名词，strength意为“体力，力量”，为不可数名词。need to do...意为“需要做……”，第二空用动词原形，strengthen意为“增强”，为及物动词。故填strength；strengthen。 6．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Regular training helps athletes to high-intensity workouts, and this is key to success. (adapt) 【答案】 adapt adaptation 【详解】考查动词和名词。句意：定期训练有助于运动员适应高强度训练，而这种适应是成功的关键。help sb. do...意为“帮助某人做……”，所以第一空用动词原形，adapt意为“适应”，在这里为不及物动词，adapt to...意为“适应……”；第二空作主语，应用名词，adaptation意为“适应”，为不可数名词。故填adapt；adaptation。 7．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Confucius, of Confucianism, many educational ideas that became the of Chinese culture. (foundation)  【答案】 founder founded foundation 【详解】考查名词和非谓语动词。句意：孔子是儒家思想的创始人，他创立了许多教育思想，这些思想成为中国文化的基础。_____ of Confucianism作Confucius的同位语，所以第一空用名词founder，意为“创建者”，为可数名词，表示某种身份，所以其前省略了冠词。第二空作句子的谓语，应用动词，found意为“创立”，为及物动词，结合became可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。第三空前有the，应用名词作表语，foundation意为“基础”，为不可数名词。故填①founder②founded③foundation。 8．（2022高三上·全国·专题练习）The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 【答案】felt 【详解】考查时态。句意：当我跳进游泳池晨练时，水感觉很凉。根据句意和句中“jumped”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“feel”意为“感觉”，为感官动词，用主动形式表示被动含义，“feel”的过去式为“felt”。故填felt。 9．（22-23高三上·全国·专题练习）This sort of roast meat is a local super food and it （taste）delicious. 【答案】tastes 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这种烤肉是当地的超级食物，它尝起来很美味。分析句子可知，taste是谓语动词，由上文的is可知，用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，且taste是系动词，无被动式，故填tastes。 10．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）In 1969, the pollution ​​(be) terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. 【答案】was 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：1969年，俄亥俄州克利夫兰附近的凯霍加河沿岸污染严重。根据句中时间状语“In 1969”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事，所以用一般过去时态。故填was。 11．（23-24高三下·重庆·开学考试）I made my decision. Nothing will make me (change) my mind. 【答案】change 【详解】考查使役动词。句意：我做了决定。没有什么能让我改变主意。make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，其中do前省略了不定式符号to，故change“改变”用动词原形。故填change。 12．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Not until then （do）he realize the importance of studying English. 【答案】did 【详解】考查时态和部分倒装。句意：直到那时他才意识到学习英语的重要性。Not until位于句首，句子用部分倒装，将情态动词、助动词或be动词置于主语之前；句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语动词为realized，部分倒装时助动词did置于主语之前，动词realize用原形，故填did。 13．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）If you your task in advance,you will have a sense of .(fulfilment) 【答案】 fulfil fulfilment 【详解】考查动词和名词。句意：如果你提前完成任务，你会有一种成就感。第一空作从句的谓语，应用动词，fulfil意为“实现，履行”，为及物动词。且主句使用了一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时表示将来。主语you和fulfil之间是主动关系，应用主动语态。第二空作介词of的宾语， fulfilment意为“成就感”，为不可数名词。故填fulfil；fulfilment。 14．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）The boy can (memory) the data easily. 【答案】memorize 【详解】考查动词。句意：这个男孩能很容易地记住这些数据。根据空前的can可知，空处应用动词原形。memorize意为“记忆，记住”，为及物动词。故填memorize。 15．（23-24高三下·重庆·开学考试）Some students agree to hold a party for Christmas, but others (agree) because it’s not a Chinese traditional festival. 【答案】disagree 【详解】考查动词。句意“有些学生同意举办一个圣诞派对，但另外的学生不同意，因为他们认为圣诞节并不是中国节日。根据“but”可知，两个分句之间呈转折关系，所以横线处填的应该是agree的反义词。agree是动词，意思是“同意”，其反义词是“disagree”，意思是“不同意”；根据agree判断本句属于一般现在时，所以disagree也应使用一般现在时，无需变形，故答案是disagree。 Passage 1 （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals? Since June 2017, right before the 1 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3 ? Not the pandas, even though 4 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7 they need an English trainer. So, what are they learning? 8 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 【答案】 1. arrival 2. confident 3. with 4. the 5. visiting 6. interviews 7. why 8. Basically 9. and 10. wished 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语，大家都很疑惑，作者对此做出了解答。 1. 考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。 2. 考查形容词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。 3. 考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，这道题的语序可以看成they speak English 　　　　　　 who，句子中有主语they，speak后有宾语，而who缺少一个介词，who做介词的宾语，又根据句意可推知，此处强调“与某人交流”，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.。故填with。 4. 考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。 5. 考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。 6. 考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。 7. 考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 8. 考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。 9. 考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。 10. 考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 【点睛】 Passage 2 （2023·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 1 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 2 (six) century, B．C． Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 4 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 5 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6 (intend) for everyone. 7 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8 saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【答案】 1. to teach 2. sixth 3. as 4. where 5. borrowing 6. intended 7. Different 8. for 9. warning 10. be employed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 2. 考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。 7. 考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。 8. 考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。 9. 考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 10. 考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。从句主语a simple literal form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 【点睛】 Passage 3 （2025·广东·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内适当的单词形式 On the morning of October 19, 2025, a shocking theft took place at the Louvre Museum (卢浮宫) in Paris, one of the world’s most famous art museums. At around 9:30 a.m., shortly after the museum opened its doors to visitors, a group of four thieves carried out 1 well-planned crime. Two of them dressed as workers and entered the museum from the outside using a lift. The other two waited nearby on a motorcycle, ready 2 help them escape. Within just seven minutes, the thieves broke into the Apollo Gallery and stole eight pieces of 3 (value) jewelry. Unluckily, a brave security guard noticed the crime and tried to stop the thieves when 4 set a small fire to distract others. This unexpected action made the thieves panic, so they 5 (flee) in a rush and left behind the “Crown of Empress Eugénie”. After the theft, the police immediately launched an investigation. By November 3, all four suspects were arrested. Two of them were caught on October 25, and the other two on October 29. They were formally charged on November 1. According to Paris prosecutors, the suspects were ordinary thieves rather than 6 (profession) criminals from organized groups, and their previous records 7 (bear) no sign of serious crimes. So far, the stolen jewelry remains missing. The theft has drawn worldwide attention, reminding people 8 the importance of strengthening security 9 (measure) in famous museums. Many people hope that the precious jewelry will be returned to the Louvre soon and that the thieves will be brought to 10 (just) for their illegal act. 【答案】 1. a 2. to 3. valuable 4. they 5. fled 6. professional 7. bore 8. of 9. measures 10. justice 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。2025年10月19日，四名小偷在巴黎卢浮宫实施精心策划的盗窃，偷走八件珍贵珠宝后匆忙逃窜（遗留一件），四人已被捕但赃物仍失踪，该事件引发全球关注并敲响博物馆安保警钟。 1. 考查冠词。句意：大约在上午9点30分，博物馆向游客开放不久，就有一伙四名窃贼实施了一起精心策划的盗窃行为。此处修饰可数名词crime，表示“一次精心策划的犯罪”，well-planned以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a。故填a。 2. 考查介词。句意：另外两人则在附近骑着摩托车守候着，准备帮助他们逃跑。短语be ready to do sth.表示“准备好做某事”。故填to。 3. 考查形容词。句意：仅仅七分钟之内，这些窃贼就闯入了阿波罗画廊，盗走了八件珍贵的珠宝。修饰名词jewelry用形容词valuable。故填valuable。 4. 考查代词。句意：不幸的是，一位勇敢的保安发现了这一犯罪行为，并在小偷们点燃小火以分散他人注意力时试图阻止他们。指代前文的“the thieves”，在从句中作主语，用主格形式they。故填they。 5. 考查时态。句意：这一出乎意料的举动让那些盗贼惊慌失措，于是他们匆忙逃走，遗弃了“欧仁妮皇后皇冠”。动作发生在过去用一般过去时。故填fled。 6. 考查形容词。句意：据巴黎检察官称，这些嫌疑人不过是普通的小偷，并非来自有组织犯罪团伙的专业罪犯，而且他们的过往记录中也没有任何严重犯罪的记录。修饰名词用形容词professional。故填professional。 7. 考查时态。句意：据巴黎检察官称，这些嫌疑人不过是普通的小偷，并非来自有组织犯罪团伙的专业罪犯，而且他们的过往记录中也没有任何严重犯罪的记录。根据上文their previous records可知发生在过去用一般过去时，故填bore。 8. 考查介词。句意：这起盗窃事件引起了全球的关注，它提醒人们要重视在著名博物馆加强安全防范措施的重要性。短语remind sb. of表示“提醒某人某事”。故填of。 9. 考查名词的数。句意：这起盗窃事件引起了全球的关注，它提醒人们要重视在著名博物馆加强安全防范措施的重要性。measure作“措施”讲时为可数名词，常用复数形式，表“加强安全措施”。故填measures。 10. 考查名词。句意：许多人希望这些珍贵的珠宝能尽快归还给卢浮宫，并且希望那些盗贼能因他们的非法行为而受到法律的制裁。作介词的宾语，用名词justice，不可数。故填justice。 Passage 4 （2025·浙江·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 Labubu, a toothy and fluffy figure toy from Chinese brand Pop Mart, has sparked a global craze. This phenomenon demonstrates how Chinese enterprises are reshaping 1 (they) international image through innovation, cultural storytelling, and the globalization of homegrown ideas. So what exactly is a Labubu? Labubu is a girl. People often assume she’s a boy, but 2 (actual) it is not the case. Labubu also isn’t a standalone character—she’s part of a larger group 3   (call) “The Monsters”, created by Hong Kong artist and author Kasing Lung. The Monsters first appeared in a Nordic mythology-inspired picture book series in 2015, and by 2019, toy giant Pop Mart 4 (turn) them into the popular plastic toys we know today. Labubu is described 5 an “elvish creature (小精灵) ”, and according to Pop Mart, “despite a naughty look, she is kind-hearted and always wants to help, but often accidentally achieves 6 opposite.” She may look small and scary, but she means well. Labubu’s rise in 7 (popular) can largely be credited to Lisa from BLACKPINK, who has expressed her love for the creature in interviews and on her social media. Since then, demand has exploded with fans 8 (line) up overnight and paying well over retail. Today, The Monsters series is Pop Mart’s best-selling brand and generated $419 million in sales last year, according to NBC News. Although the 9 (prize) items are the bag charms, you can still get your hands on other Labubu 10 (figure) , accessories and brand collaborations. 【答案】 1. their 2. actually 3. called 4. had turned 5. as 6. the 7. popularity 8. lining 9. prized 10. figures 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国品牌Pop Mart的Labubu玩偶在全球的流行，阐述了中国企业通过创新、文化叙事等方式重塑国际形象。 1. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：这一现象表明了中国企业如何通过创新、文化故事讲述和本土创意的全球化来重塑它们的国际形象。根据句子结构可知，此处应该用形容词性物主代词their来修饰名词短语international image，表示“它们的国际形象”。故填their。 2. 考查副词。句意：人们常常认为她是个男孩，但实际上并非如此。此处应该用副词actually来修饰整个句子，表示“实际上”。故填actually。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：Labubu也不是一个独立的角色，她是一个更大的群体的一部分，这个群体被称为“The Monsters”，由香港艺术家和作者Kasing lung创作。句中is为谓语动词，此处应该用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词group，且group与call之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词called。故填called。 4. 考查动词时态。句意：“The Monsters”最早出现在2015年受北欧神话启发的图画书系列中，到2019年，玩具巨头泡泡玛特已经将它们变成了我们今天所熟知的流行塑料玩具。根据时间状语by 2019可知，此处应该用过去完成时，表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作。故填had turned。 5. 考查介词。句意：Labubu被描述为“小精灵”，根据泡泡玛特的说法，“尽管她看起来调皮，但她心地善良，总是想帮助别人，但常常意外地达到相反的效果。”be described as为固定短语，表示“被描述为”。故填as。 6. 考查冠词。句意：同上。此处应该用定冠词the来修饰名词opposite，表示特指“相反的效果”。故填the。 7. 考查名词。句意：Labubu的走红在很大程度上要归功于BLACKPINK的Lisa，她在采访和社交媒体上表达了对这个小精灵的喜爱。此处应该用名词popularity来作介词in的宾语，表示“在……方面的流行”。故填popularity。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：从那以后，需求激增，粉丝们通宵排队，支付的价格远高于零售价。根据句子结构可知，此处构成with+宾语+doing的结构，fans与line之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词lining作宾补。故填lining。 9. 考查形容词。句意：据NBC新闻报道，虽然最受欢迎的商品是包饰，但你仍然可以买到其他Labubu玩偶、配饰和品牌合作产品。此处应该用形容词prized来修饰名词items，表示“珍贵的”。故填prized。 10. 考查名词复数。句意：figure为可数名词且有other修饰，用复数figures作宾语。故填figures。 Passage 5 （25-26高三上·广东·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China Focus: China’s upscale ice creams melting hearts of consumers Once just a simple way to cool off, ice cream is seeing a surge of new varieties to meet the expanding tastes and preferences of Chinese consumers since its first appearance. On the Chinese lifestyle-sharing app known internationally as RedNote, many users have posted appealing images of upscale ice creams 1 various shapes, ranging from blooming flowers to fresh fruits, each of 2 is the result of delicate craftsmanship. 3 (comment) such as “adorable” and “too pretty to eat” are very common in these posts. Favored by today’s consumers, especially young people, such ice creams 4 (become) commonplace in souvenir shops at tourist attractions across China since their first appearance. Handan Museum, a well-known tourist site in Hebei in April introduced creative ice creams that drew inspiration from two precious artifacts 5 (house) in the museum. “Blind boxes” containing randomly flavored ice creams are also on sale to attract customers. The museum’s ice creams have been 6 hit among visitors since their launch, with over 100 sold daily this summer. Food industry analyst Zhu Danpeng believes the 7 (emerge) of these visually appealing ice creams reflects a thirst for emotional and 8 (spirit) well-being in consumption. The shift to healthy eating has spurred changes in the industry. Traditional ice cream makers are adjusting their ingredients 9 unveiling new products in response to evolving needs, while new brands are winning customers by labeling themselves as producers of handcrafted and 10 (fresh) made ice creams. 【答案】 1. in 2. which 3. Comments 4. have become 5. housed 6. a 7. emergence 8. spiritual 9. and 10. freshly 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出中国高端冰淇淋品类激增，小红书上有多样造型分享，多地景区推出文创款，还因健康需求有原料调整，体现消费者情感与精神消费需求。 1. 考查介词。句意：在这款在国际上广为人知的中国生活方式分享应用“小红书”上，许多用户都发布了精美的冰淇淋图片，这些冰淇淋形状各异，从盛开的花朵到新鲜的水果应有尽有，每一种都凝聚了精湛的工艺。“in various shapes”为固定搭配，意为“呈多种形状”，故填in。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：在这款在国际上广为人知的中国生活方式分享应用“小红书”上，许多用户都发布了精美的冰淇淋图片，这些冰淇淋形状各异，从盛开的花朵到新鲜的水果应有尽有，每一种都凝聚了精湛的工艺。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是upscale ice creams，指物，从句中“of”后缺宾语，故用关系代词 which。故填which。 3. 考查名词的数。句意：这类帖子中常见的评论词汇有“可爱极了”和“漂亮得连吃都不忍心下口”之类的。根据后文are可知主语为复数，首字母大写。故填Comments。 4. 考查时态。句意：由于受到当今消费者（尤其是年轻人）的青睐，这类冰淇淋自首次出现以来，已在中国各地的旅游景点纪念品商店中变得十分常见。根据后文since their first appearance可知为现在完成时，主语为ice creams，助动词用have。故填have become。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：4月，位于河北的邯郸博物馆成为了一处热门旅游景点。该博物馆推出了以馆内两件珍贵文物为灵感创作的冰淇淋产品。artifacts与house之间是被动关系，此处用过去分词作后置定语，故填housed。 6. 考查冠词。句意：该博物馆的冰淇淋自推出以来就深受游客喜爱，今年夏天每天的销量超过100份。短语be a hit表示“很受欢迎”。故填a。 7. 考查名词。句意：食品行业分析师朱丹蓬认为，这些视觉吸引力强的冰淇淋的兴起，反映出消费者在消费中对情感与精神层面幸福感的渴求。作主语，用名词emergence，不可数。故填emergence。 8. 考查形容词。句意：食品行业分析师朱丹蓬认为，这些视觉吸引力强的冰淇淋的兴起，反映出消费者在消费中对情感与精神层面幸福感的渴求。修饰名词well-being用形容词spiritual。故填spiritual。 9. 考查连词。句意：传统的冰淇淋制造商正在调整其原料，并推出新产品以满足不断变化的需求，而新的品牌则通过宣称自己是手工制作和新鲜出品的冰淇淋生产商来吸引顾客。“adjusting their ingredients”（调整原料）与 “unveiling new products”（推出新产品）是并列关系，均为“Traditional ice cream makers”的动作，故用并列连词“and”连接。故填and。 10. 考查副词。句意：传统的冰淇淋制造商正在调整其原料，并推出新产品以满足不断变化的需求，而新的品牌则通过宣称自己是手工制作和新鲜出品的冰淇淋生产商来吸引顾客。修饰动词made用副词freshly。故填freshly。 Passage 6 （2025·四川雅安·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 At the seventh Silk Road(Dunhuang) International Cultural Expo, Gansu revealed a restored Cave 57 from Mogao Grottoes. 1 (bring) to life via advanced 3D reconstruction, this version has impressed visitors with high precision. It replicates (复制) the cave’s original structure, mural colors and sculptural charm, 2 (make) the restoration nearly identical to the original. Gansu’s Digital Dunhuang initiative has also progressed. Its Digital Library Cave platform now 3 (hold) over 74,000 entries, including documents, sutras and images. 4 makes the platform valuable is that it reunites Dunhuang relics that are dispersed overseas. These efforts show Gansu’s dedication 5 protecting local heritage. This year, the province allocated 103 million yuan for relic protection and launched over 60 projects aimed at grotto protection and exhibition. 6 (notable), Gansu has developed Dunhuang Academy into a top heritage protection center. As a Silk Road cultural gem, the academy explores a range of new 7 (way) in relic protection, digital preservation and academic research. Dunhuang Academy supervises three UNESCO World Heritage sites: the Mogao Grottoes, Maijishan Grottoes and Bingling Temple Grottoes, 8 span over 1,500 kilometers altogether, turning it into China’s largest cultural institution and museum in terms of the number of heritage sites and geographical scope. It is clear that such efforts safeguard local relics 9 boost global cultural exchange, reflecting Gansu’s sense of 10 (responsible) for heritage inheritance. 【答案】 1. Brought 2. making 3. holds 4. What 5. to 6. Notably 7. ways 8. which 9. and 10. responsibility 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了甘肃在敦煌文化遗产保护方面的举措。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过先进的3D重建技术使其焕发生机，这个版本以高精度给游客留下了深刻印象。句子主干完整，此处为状语；主语“this version”（指修复后的57窟）与“bring”之间是被动关系（被3D技术赋予生机），需用过去分词“brought”，且句首首字母大写。故填Brought。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它复制了洞穴的原始结构、壁画色彩和雕塑魅力，使修复后的洞穴几乎与原作一模一样。此处作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，所以使用现在分词形式。故填making。 3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：其数字藏经洞平台目前拥有超过74,000条条目，包括文件、经文和图像。此处为句子谓语，根据now可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为Its Digital Library Cave platform，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填holds。 4. 考查主语从句。句意：这个平台的可贵之处在于它重新汇聚了散落在海外的敦煌文物。此处为主语从句引导词，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事情”，所以使用what引导该主语从，句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 5. 考查介词。句意：这些努力表明了甘肃对保护当地遗产的奉献精神。此处为固定短语dedication to doing sth.，意为“对……的投入/奉献”，to后接名词或动名词，故填介词to。故填to。 6. 考查副词。句意：值得注意的是，甘肃已将敦煌研究院发展成为一流的遗产保护中心。此处为副词作状语修饰整个句子，notable的副词为notably，且句首单词首字母大写。故填Notably。 7. 考查名词。句意：作为丝绸之路的文化瑰宝，该学院探索了一系列文物保护、数字保存和学术研究的新途径。way为可数名词，前面有“a range of”（一系列）修饰，说明方法不止一种，需用复数形式ways。故填ways。 8. 考查定语从句。句意：敦煌研究院监管着三处联合国教科文组织世界遗产：莫高窟、麦积山石窟和炳灵寺石窟，它们总跨度超过1500公里，使其成为中国在遗产数量和地理范围上最大的文化机构和博物馆。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Mogao Grottoes, Maijishan Grottoes and Bingling Temple Grottoes，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。 9. 考查连词。句意：显然，这些努力保护了当地文物，促进了全球文化交流，反映了甘肃对遗产传承的责任感。“safeguard local relics”与“boost global cultural exchange”是并列关系，需用连词“and”连接，表“既……又……”。故填and。 10. 考查名词。句意：显然，这些努力保护了当地文物，促进了全球文化交流，反映了甘肃对遗产传承的责任感。此处为名词作宾语，responsible的名词为responsibility，sense of responsibility意为“责任感”。故填responsibility。 15 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $