第18讲 形容词&副词-2-核心语法 重难点专项突破 学案任务单 2026届高考英语一轮复习 （全国通用）

高考核心语法·精练 第18讲 形容词&副词-2 2026年高考语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、形容词 / 副词比较级与最高级变化规则表 此表格梳理比较级与最高级的规则变化和不规则变化，明确不同词形的转换逻辑，是掌握形容词 / 副词等级变化的核心依据，适配语法填空 “词形转换” 及单句填空题型。 类型 具体规则 示例 规则变化 1. 一般情况：词尾直接加 - er（比较级）、-est（最高级） fast→faster→fastest；small→smaller→smallest；hard→harder→hardest 2. 重读闭音节（末尾只有一个辅音字母）：双写辅音字母，加 - er/-est big→bigger→biggest；thin→thinner→thinnest；hot→hotter→hottest 3. “辅音字母 + y” 结尾：变 y 为 i，加 - er/-est pretty→prettier→prettiest；early→earlier→earliest；heavy→heavier→heaviest 4. “e” 结尾：词尾直接加 - r（比较级）、-st（最高级） large→larger→largest；wise→wiser→wisest；late→later→latest 5. 多音节 / 部分双音节：前加 more（比较级）、most（最高级） important→more important→most important；difficult→more difficult→most difficult；beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful 不规则变化 1. good/well（好的 / 好地） good→better→best；well→better→best 2. bad/ill/badly（坏的 / 坏地） bad→worse→worst；ill→worse→worst；badly→worse→worst 3. little（少的） little→less→least 4. many/much（多的） many→more→most；much→more→most 5. far（远的 / 远地） 表距离：far→farther→farthest；表程度：far→further→furthest 6. late（晚的 / 晚地） 表时间：late→later→latest；表顺序：late→latter→last 7. old（老的 / 旧的） 表任意比较：old→older→oldest；表亲属（仅作定语）：old→elder→eldest 注意事项： 1. 不规则变化需单独记忆：如 “far” 的两种比较级 / 最高级对应不同语义（距离用 farther/farthest，程度用 further/furthest），不可混淆； 2. “elder/eldest” 的使用限制：仅作定语修饰亲属名词（如 elder brother/eldest sister），不可作表语（错误：He is elder than me；正确：He is older than me）； 3. 多音节词判断：双音节词中，以 “-ly” 结尾的副词（如 carefully）、含多个元音音素的词（如 important），均需加 more/most 变等级，不可加 - er/-est。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. This book is ________ (interesting) than the one I read last month, so I like it more. 2. Of all the students in the class, Lucy runs ________ (fast) and won the first prize in the race. 3. The weather is getting ________ (hot) and ________ (hot) as summer comes near. 4. My grandmother’s health is getting ________ (good) than before with proper care and exercise. 5. Among all the mountains we have climbed, this one is the ________ (far) and most challenging. 二、原级比较（as...as... 句型）用法表 此表格梳理 as...as... 系列句型的基础结构、变式及固定短语，明确原级比较的适用场景和语法规则，解决 “原级比较的灵活应用” 问题，适配语法填空及单句填空题型。 类别 具体结构 示例 基础句型 1. as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as...（表 “和…… 一样……”） 2. not as/so + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as...（表 “不如……”，否定句中 as 可换 so） 1. Her voice is as sweet as a nightingale’s.（形容词） 2. He drives as carefully as a professional driver.（副词） 3. This coffee isn’t as/so strong as the one I had yesterday.（否定） 变式句型 1. as + 形容词 + a (n) + 单数名词 + as...（修饰单数可数名词） He wrote as interesting a story as his classmates.；She bought as expensive an umbrella as she could afford. 2. as + 形容词 + 复数名词 + as...（修饰复数名词，无冠词） They planted as colorful flowers as the ones in the garden.；The library has not as many books as the one at my university. 3. as + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + as...（修饰不可数名词，无冠词） She added as sweet sugar as the recipe suggested.；She spent as much time as needed to finish the task. 4. 倍数词 + as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as...（表 “…… 是…… 的几倍”） The coat costs four times as much as the shirt.；He drank three times as much water as usual. 固定短语 1. 比喻类：as brave as a lion、as busy as a bee、as easy as ABC、as cold as ice 2. 常用类：as...as possible、as...as one can、as long as（只要）、as far as（就…… 而言）、as soon as（一…… 就） 1. She is as busy as a bee, always having something to do. 2. Please finish the report as quickly as possible. 3. As long as you work hard, you will succeed. 注意事项： 1. 变式句型的冠词位置：“as + 形容词 + a (n) + 单数名词 + as...” 中，a (n) 需置于形容词后（错误：as a interesting story as；正确：as interesting a story as）； 2. 否定句的连词替换：仅否定句中 “as” 可换 “so”（正确：not so good as；错误：so good as，肯定句不可用 so）； 3. 倍数词的位置：倍数词必须置于 as...as... 结构最前（错误：as three times big as；正确：three times as big as）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The new computer works ________ (efficient) as the old one, but it costs much less. 2. This is as ________ (excit) a movie as the one we watched together last year. 3. He has as ________ (much) books as his sister, but he reads much less often. 4. The price of this smartphone is three times as ________ (hight) as that of the basic model. 5. Please finish the task as ________ (careful) as possible to avoid making unnecessary mistakes. 三、比较级核心用法及易混易错表 此表格梳理比较级的高频结构及易混淆点，明确不同结构的语义和语法规则，规避 “比较级误用” 问题，适配语法填空、单句填空及单项选择题型。 类别 具体规则 示例 核心结构 1. 比较级 + than...（表 “比…… 更……”） Sarah is more outgoing than her twin sister.；This task is less complex than the previous one. 2. The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...（表 “越……，越……”，前为从句，后为主句） The more expensive the car is, the better its quality tends to be.；The larger the city is, the more crowded the traffic becomes. 3. 比较级 + and + 比较级...（表 “越来越……”，多音节词用 more and more + 原级） The car ran faster and faster.；Life is getting more and more convenient. 4. the + 比较级 + of the two（表 “两者中更…… 的”，仅用于两者比较） She is the taller of the two girls.；The red one is the better choice of the two. 易混易错点 1. not + 比较级 + than...（表 “前者不如后者……”，无否定前者） This book is not more interesting than that one.（这本书不如那本有趣，不否定两本书的趣味性） 2. no + 比较级 + than...（表 “两者都不……”，相当于原级反义词的 as...as...） She sings no better than her brother.（她和哥哥唱得一样不好，= as badly as）；This hotel is no cleaner than the one we stayed in.（= as dirty as） 3. a + 比较级 + 名词（表 “一个更…… 的事物”，否定句中隐含最高级） Could you pass me a sweeter apple?（肯定句）；There’s no cheaper laptop with such good performance.（否定句，隐含 “这是性能最好且最便宜的”） 4. 比较级的修饰语（a little/much/far/even/still/ 分数 / 百分数） She looks a little younger.；He runs much faster.；The new model is 20% cheaper than the old one. 注意事项： 1. “The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...” 的语序：前后均用陈述语序（错误：The more you practice, the better you will speak. 正确，陈述语序无误；错误：The more do you practice, the better will you speak. 语序错误）； 2. 比较级修饰语的搭配：“a little/a bit” 表 “稍稍”，“much/far/a great deal” 表 “…… 得多”，不可用 very 修饰比较级（错误：very faster；正确：much faster）； 3. 两者与三者比较的区分：“the + 比较级 + of the two” 仅用于两者，三者及以上需用最高级（错误：He is the tallest of the two；正确：He is the taller of the two）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. ________ (much) you practice speaking English, the more fluent you will become. 2. This restaurant is ________ (good) than the one downtown, so it’s always crowded. 3. She is ________ (tall) of the two girls, so she was chosen to be the team leader. 4. This movie is no ________ (interesting) than the one I saw last week—both are boring. 5. The new subway line is far ________ (many) convenient than the bus route we used to take. 四、最高级核心用法及固定短语表 此表格梳理最高级的核心句型、隐含最高级表达及固定短语，明确最高级的适用场景和语法规则，解决 “最高级的范围判断” 问题，适配语法填空及单句填空题型。 类别 具体规则 示例 核心句型 1. the + 最高级 + 表范围的短语 / 从句（三者及以上比较，范围常用 in/of/among/that 从句） Newton is the most famous scientist among these scholars.；This is the most beautiful park that I have ever visited. 2. 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词 + 范围（表 “第…… 最…… 的”） The Amazon is the second longest river in the world.；This is the third most popular song on the chart. 隐含最高级 比较级 + 否定句（表 “没有比…… 更……”，隐含最高级语义） No city is more dynamic than Shanghai.（= Shanghai is the most dynamic city.）；I don’t think there is a more suitable candidate than her.（= She is the most suitable candidate.） 固定短语 1. 表数量 / 程度：at most（最多）、at least（至少）、at the latest（最迟）、not in the least（一点也不） 2. 表动作 / 状态：do one’s best（尽最大努力）、make the most of（充分利用）、worst of all（最糟糕的是）、last but not least（最后但同样重要的是）、the last straw（最后一根稻草） 1. Please submit your report by Friday at the latest.；He is not in the least tired. 2. She did her best to finish the task.；Last but not least, we need to check the details. 注意事项： 1. 最高级的范围明确性：必须有 “三者及以上” 的比较范围（错误：She is the tallest in the two girls；正确：She is the taller of the two girls）； 2. 定语从句的时态：“the + 最高级 + that 从句” 中，从句常用现在完成时（如 This is the best book that I have ever read），表 “截至目前的经历”； 3. 固定短语的语义：“make the most of” 与 “make the best of” 同义（均为 “充分利用”），“not in the least” 表否定（= not at all），不可理解为 “至少”。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. This is the ________ (delicious) cake I have ever tasted in my life. 2. The Yangtze River is the third ________ (long) river in the world. 3. No one in the class is ________ (intelligent) than her—she always gets the highest scores. 4. We should do our ________ (good) to help those in need and make the world a better place. 5. You must submit your application by Friday at the ________ (late) if you want to be considered. 五、含比较级 / 最高级的高频短语表 此表格梳理文档中含比较级、最高级的固定短语，明确短语语义和适用场景，适配书面表达及短语辨析题型，帮助丰富语言表达。 类别 具体短语 语义 示例 含比较级短语 1. change for the better/worse 2. worse still/to make matters worse/even worse/what is worse 3. more or less 4. sooner or later 5. more than 6. no more than/not more than 7. what’s more 8. still less 1. 变得更好 / 更糟 2. 更糟糕的是 3. 或多或少 4. 迟早 5. 不仅仅；超过 6. 仅仅 / 不超过 7. 而且 8. 更不用说 1. The weather changed for the worse. 2. The car broke down, and worse still, we had no phone signal. 3. The work is more or less finished. 4. You’ll regret it sooner or later. 5. Reading is more than a hobby. 6. He has no more than 100 yuan. 7. She is kind, and what’s more, she is hardworking. 8. He can’t speak English, still less French. 含最高级短语 1. at most/at least 2. at the latest 3. not in the least 4. worst of all 5. do one’s best/make the best of/make the most of 6. last but not least 7. the last straw 1. 最多 / 至少 2. 最迟 3. 一点也不 4. 最糟糕的是 5. 尽最大努力 / 充分利用 6. 最后但同样重要的是 7. 最后一根稻草 1. We need at least two hours. 2. Come back by 10 pm at the latest. 3. I’m not in the least interested in the movie. 4. Worst of all, he forgot the key. 5. Make the most of this opportunity. 6. Last but not least, thank you all. 7. The delayed flight was the last straw for her. 注意事项： 1. 短语的语义区分：“no more than” 表 “仅仅”（含嫌少语气），“not more than” 表 “不超过”（客观陈述）（如 He has no more than 5 books. 暗含 “书少”；He has not more than 5 books. 仅说明数量）； 2. 否定递进短语：“still less” 用于否定句后，表 “更不用说”（错误：He can speak English, still less French；正确：He can’t speak English, still less French）； 3. 固定搭配的完整性：不可遗漏短语中的介词或冠词（错误：make most of；正确：make the most of）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The situation has changed for the ________ (good) since the new policy was carried out. 2. He is ________ (much) than a teacher to us—he is also our friend and mentor. 3. ________ (bad) still, we ran out of gas on the way to the airport and missed the flight. 4. We need to make the ________ (much) of every opportunity to improve our English skills. 5. Last but not ________ (little), I would like to thank my family for their constant support and encouragement. 一、语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·江苏盐城·二模）In the darkest days when Covis-19 was doing its worst, the human spirit shone at its (bright). 2．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）After a few months, we did not complain about homework anymore because we knew that our teachers worked (hard) than we did. 3．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）After just 12 minutes with dogs, patients’ hearts and lungs seemed to be working (well). 4．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much (well) after seeing a doctor. 5．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）According to some reports, this satellite and other US spy satellites have the technology to take even (sharp) images, with a resolution of up to around 4 inches (10cm). 6．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Another theme is data. Managers alike will want more data in order to understand how facilities are being used, and the question of who owns data and what data are needed is about to become (pressing). 7．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Machine learning is now capable of far, far (complex) tasks. 8．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）The tribes are working to build a (big) museum that will be closer to U.S. Highway 93. It’s a push to share their history with more people. 9．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Not knowing what he was really interested in, he found it hard to decide which of the two courses could be (appropriate). 10．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is (wonderful) one I have ever attended. 11．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with__ (little) money and (few) people. 12．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）John has three sisters. Mary is (clever) of the three. 13．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）The heat will affect rails so the trains have to run (slow). There may be fewer services. People need to be on their guard for disruption. If they don’t have to travel, this may be a moment to work from home. 14．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）This morning he arrived at the office much (early) than before. 15．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Sixteen years (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring (cook) a meal. Passage 1 （2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 1 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should 5 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 6 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. Passage 2 （2023·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 1 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 2 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 3 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 4 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 5 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 6 (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 7 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 8 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 9 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 10 culture of grassroots Beijingers. Passage 3 （2025·宁夏银川·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, 1 (discover) at the Chinese archaeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars. In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye. And, for a long while, people were unable to understand 2 they could see. Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky. Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed 3 (dramatic) when the first telescope was angled at the night sky. It increased the power of the human eye, 4 (enable) us to understand that the universe is far 5 (large) than previously imaginable. The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own, many of them even having their own moons. Soon, 6 was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy which we call the Milky Way. Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope 7 (launch) into orbit. It gave astronomers — indeed all of us — the first breathtakingly beautiful 8 (image) of our universe taken from beyond Earth. Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life. Not only that — it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding 9 an ever-increasing speed. Currently, China operates the world’s largest 10 most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016. Passage 4 （2025·辽宁丹东·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kew Gardens in London has opened one of its 1 (ambitious) garden projects in recent years: the Carbon Garden. Carbon is the building block of life, and can 2 (find) in all living things. However, human activities are releasing too much carbon dioxide 3 the atmosphere, trapping heat and 4 (warm) the planet. This new permanent garden brings to life the critical role that carbon plays in sustaining life on Earth. It also communicates the scale of the climate crisis, and shares how plants and fungi are our natural allies in climate repair. The garden features a selection of herbaceous perennials (草本多年生植物), an exposed coal face showing fossilised plants, a dry garden with drought-tolerant plants, a rain garden, 5 thirty-five new trees selected for their resilience to future climate conditions. A fungal-inspired pavilion directs rainwater into the rain garden, and provides shelter for school 6 (visit) and community activities. Richard Wilford, designer of the Carbon Garden, says: “The Carbon Garden offers 7 unique opportunity to showcase our ongoing research, combining scientific insight with 8 (thought) design and beautiful planting, to highlight the role of carbon in our lives, how it moves through the environment, and 9 plants and fungi can help us tackle climate change.” The hope is that the Carbon Garden will encourage visitors to become advocates for nature, highlighting actions they can take 10 (support) the health of plants and the planet. Passage 5 （2025·云南昭通·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the high-altitude terrain of Southwest China’s Yunnan Province, Zhaotong city has transformed from a traditional farming region into the 1 (large) high-quality apple production base in southern China, 2 (reshape) the lives of once impoverished residents. 3 (locate) on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Zhaotong’s 4 (combine) of low latitude, high altitude, ample sunshine, and significant daily temperature swings has provided ideal conditions for growing sweet, crisp apples. The citywide industry now spans nearly 66,700 hectares, 5 an output of 1.3 million tons last year and a comprehensive economic value of 15 billion yuan ($2.07 billion). The apple industry 6 (benefit) 138,000 households so far, or about 527,000 people. In April last year, apples from Zhaotong were part of the fresh food supply for astronauts aboard 7 Shenzhou-18 spacecraft, becoming a powerful engine of economic growth and rural vitalization, according to the local agriculture and rural affairs department. In Zhaoyang, 8 is the core district in the city, a massive 6,670-hectare orchard is regarded as the largest high-density apple base in the country, with 118 apple 9 (variety). It has employed advanced techniques from New Zealand 10 other countries, such as dwarf rootstocks and an integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation system, said Yang Longjiang, director of the district’s industry development center. Passage 6 （2025·四川绵阳·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Eight Treasures Duck, a classic dish from Jiangsu cuisine, 1 (have) a history of over 300 years. It gets 2 (it) name from the eight ingredients stuffed inside — glutinous rice, chestnuts, and dried fruits, 3 give the dish a rich, sweet flavor.​ 4 making this dish, chefs first clean a whole duck and remove its bones, keeping the skin intact. The duck 5 (stuff) with the eight treasures, then sewn up and braised (焖煮) slowly in soy sauce. The process, 6 takes several hours, requires patience and skill.​ In the past, Eight Treasures Duck 7 (serve) only on important occasions like weddings. Today, it is 8 (easy) to find in restaurants, yet still carries a sense of celebration. Many families enjoy it during the Lunar New Year, as the duck’s round shape symbolizes 9 (harmonious) and unity.​ 10 (compare) to other duck dishes, it stands out for its combination of savory and sweet tastes. Each bite tells a story of traditional cooking wisdom passed down through generations.​ 13 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考核心语法·精练 第18讲 形容词&副词-2 2026年高考语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、形容词 / 副词比较级与最高级变化规则表 此表格梳理比较级与最高级的规则变化和不规则变化，明确不同词形的转换逻辑，是掌握形容词 / 副词等级变化的核心依据，适配语法填空 “词形转换” 及单句填空题型。 类型 具体规则 示例 规则变化 1. 一般情况：词尾直接加 - er（比较级）、-est（最高级） fast→faster→fastest；small→smaller→smallest；hard→harder→hardest 2. 重读闭音节（末尾只有一个辅音字母）：双写辅音字母，加 - er/-est big→bigger→biggest；thin→thinner→thinnest；hot→hotter→hottest 3. “辅音字母 + y” 结尾：变 y 为 i，加 - er/-est pretty→prettier→prettiest；early→earlier→earliest；heavy→heavier→heaviest 4. “e” 结尾：词尾直接加 - r（比较级）、-st（最高级） large→larger→largest；wise→wiser→wisest；late→later→latest 5. 多音节 / 部分双音节：前加 more（比较级）、most（最高级） important→more important→most important；difficult→more difficult→most difficult；beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful 不规则变化 1. good/well（好的 / 好地） good→better→best；well→better→best 2. bad/ill/badly（坏的 / 坏地） bad→worse→worst；ill→worse→worst；badly→worse→worst 3. little（少的） little→less→least 4. many/much（多的） many→more→most；much→more→most 5. far（远的 / 远地） 表距离：far→farther→farthest；表程度：far→further→furthest 6. late（晚的 / 晚地） 表时间：late→later→latest；表顺序：late→latter→last 7. old（老的 / 旧的） 表任意比较：old→older→oldest；表亲属（仅作定语）：old→elder→eldest 注意事项： 1. 不规则变化需单独记忆：如 “far” 的两种比较级 / 最高级对应不同语义（距离用 farther/farthest，程度用 further/furthest），不可混淆； 2. “elder/eldest” 的使用限制：仅作定语修饰亲属名词（如 elder brother/eldest sister），不可作表语（错误：He is elder than me；正确：He is older than me）； 3. 多音节词判断：双音节词中，以 “-ly” 结尾的副词（如 carefully）、含多个元音音素的词（如 important），均需加 more/most 变等级，不可加 - er/-est。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. This book is ________ (interesting) than the one I read last month, so I like it more. 【答案】more interesting 【解析】考查多音节形容词比较级。句意：这本书比我上个月读的那本更有趣，所以我更喜欢它。多音节形容词 “interesting” 变比较级需加 “more”，故填 more interesting。 2. Of all the students in the class, Lucy runs ________ (fast) and won the first prize in the race. 【答案】fastest 【解析】考查单音节副词最高级。句意：在班上所有学生中，露西跑得最快，赢得了比赛的一等奖。单音节副词 “fast” 变最高级直接加 “-est”，故填 fastest。 3. The weather is getting ________ (hot) and ________ (hot) as summer comes near. 【答案】hotter; hotter 【解析】考查重读闭音节形容词比较级。句意：随着夏天临近，天气变得越来越热。重读闭音节形容词 “hot” 变比较级需双写尾字母加 “-er”，“比较级 + and + 比较级” 表 “越来越……”，故填 hotter; hotter。 4. My grandmother’s health is getting ________ (good) than before with proper care and exercise. 【答案】better 【解析】考查不规则变化形容词比较级。句意：在适当的照顾和锻炼下，我奶奶的健康状况比以前好多了。“good” 的比较级为不规则变化 “better”，故填 better。 5. Among all the mountains we have climbed, this one is the ________ (far) and most challenging. 【答案】farthest/furthest 【解析】考查不规则变化形容词最高级。句意：在我们爬过的所有山当中，这座是最远且最具挑战性的。“far” 表距离的最高级为 “farthest”，表程度的最高级为 “furthest”，此处表距离，故填 farthest/furthest。 二、原级比较（as...as... 句型）用法表 此表格梳理 as...as... 系列句型的基础结构、变式及固定短语，明确原级比较的适用场景和语法规则，解决 “原级比较的灵活应用” 问题，适配语法填空及单句填空题型。 类别 具体结构 示例 基础句型 1. as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as...（表 “和…… 一样……”） 2. not as/so + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as...（表 “不如……”，否定句中 as 可换 so） 1. Her voice is as sweet as a nightingale’s.（形容词） 2. He drives as carefully as a professional driver.（副词） 3. This coffee isn’t as/so strong as the one I had yesterday.（否定） 变式句型 1. as + 形容词 + a (n) + 单数名词 + as...（修饰单数可数名词） He wrote as interesting a story as his classmates.；She bought as expensive an umbrella as she could afford. 2. as + 形容词 + 复数名词 + as...（修饰复数名词，无冠词） They planted as colorful flowers as the ones in the garden.；The library has not as many books as the one at my university. 3. as + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + as...（修饰不可数名词，无冠词） She added as sweet sugar as the recipe suggested.；She spent as much time as needed to finish the task. 4. 倍数词 + as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as...（表 “…… 是…… 的几倍”） The coat costs four times as much as the shirt.；He drank three times as much water as usual. 固定短语 1. 比喻类：as brave as a lion、as busy as a bee、as easy as ABC、as cold as ice 2. 常用类：as...as possible、as...as one can、as long as（只要）、as far as（就…… 而言）、as soon as（一…… 就） 1. She is as busy as a bee, always having something to do. 2. Please finish the report as quickly as possible. 3. As long as you work hard, you will succeed. 注意事项： 1. 变式句型的冠词位置：“as + 形容词 + a (n) + 单数名词 + as...” 中，a (n) 需置于形容词后（错误：as a interesting story as；正确：as interesting a story as）； 2. 否定句的连词替换：仅否定句中 “as” 可换 “so”（正确：not so good as；错误：so good as，肯定句不可用 so）； 3. 倍数词的位置：倍数词必须置于 as...as... 结构最前（错误：as three times big as；正确：three times as big as）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The new computer works ________ (efficient) as the old one, but it costs much less. 【答案】as efficiently 【解析】考查原级比较（副词）。句意：这台新电脑和那台旧电脑运行得一样高效，但价格便宜得多。“as + 副词原级 + as” 表 “和…… 一样……”，“efficient” 需变形为副词 “efficiently”，故填 as efficiently。 2. This is as ________ (excit) a movie as the one we watched together last year. 【答案】exciting 【解析】考查原级比较变式句型。句意：这部电影和我们去年一起看的那部一样令人兴奋。“as + 形容词 + a (n)+ 单数名词 + as” 为固定结构，故填 exciting。 3. He has as ________ (much) books as his sister, but he reads much less often. 【答案】many 【解析】考查原级比较（修饰复数名词）。句意：他和他姐姐的书一样多，但他读书的次数少得多。“as + 形容词原级 + 复数名词 + as” 表 “和…… 一样多的……”，故填many。 4. The price of this smartphone is three times as ________ (hight) as that of the basic model. 【答案】high 【解析】考查倍数原级比较。句意：这款智能手机的价格是基础款的三倍。“倍数词 + as + 形容词原级 + as” 表 “…… 是…… 的几倍”，故填 high。 5. Please finish the task as ________ (careful) as possible to avoid making unnecessary mistakes. 【答案】carefully 【解析】考查原级比较固定短语。句意：请尽可能仔细地完成这项任务，避免犯不必要的错误。“as + 副词原级 + as possible” 为固定短语，“careful” 需变形为副词 “carefully”，故填 carefully。 三、比较级核心用法及易混易错表 此表格梳理比较级的高频结构及易混淆点，明确不同结构的语义和语法规则，规避 “比较级误用” 问题，适配语法填空、单句填空及单项选择题型。 类别 具体规则 示例 核心结构 1. 比较级 + than...（表 “比…… 更……”） Sarah is more outgoing than her twin sister.；This task is less complex than the previous one. 2. The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...（表 “越……，越……”，前为从句，后为主句） The more expensive the car is, the better its quality tends to be.；The larger the city is, the more crowded the traffic becomes. 3. 比较级 + and + 比较级...（表 “越来越……”，多音节词用 more and more + 原级） The car ran faster and faster.；Life is getting more and more convenient. 4. the + 比较级 + of the two（表 “两者中更…… 的”，仅用于两者比较） She is the taller of the two girls.；The red one is the better choice of the two. 易混易错点 1. not + 比较级 + than...（表 “前者不如后者……”，无否定前者） This book is not more interesting than that one.（这本书不如那本有趣，不否定两本书的趣味性） 2. no + 比较级 + than...（表 “两者都不……”，相当于原级反义词的 as...as...） She sings no better than her brother.（她和哥哥唱得一样不好，= as badly as）；This hotel is no cleaner than the one we stayed in.（= as dirty as） 3. a + 比较级 + 名词（表 “一个更…… 的事物”，否定句中隐含最高级） Could you pass me a sweeter apple?（肯定句）；There’s no cheaper laptop with such good performance.（否定句，隐含 “这是性能最好且最便宜的”） 4. 比较级的修饰语（a little/much/far/even/still/ 分数 / 百分数） She looks a little younger.；He runs much faster.；The new model is 20% cheaper than the old one. 注意事项： 1. “The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...” 的语序：前后均用陈述语序（错误：The more you practice, the better you will speak. 正确，陈述语序无误；错误：The more do you practice, the better will you speak. 语序错误）； 2. 比较级修饰语的搭配：“a little/a bit” 表 “稍稍”，“much/far/a great deal” 表 “…… 得多”，不可用 very 修饰比较级（错误：very faster；正确：much faster）； 3. 两者与三者比较的区分：“the + 比较级 + of the two” 仅用于两者，三者及以上需用最高级（错误：He is the tallest of the two；正确：He is the taller of the two）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. ________ (much) you practice speaking English, the more fluent you will become. 【答案】The more 【解析】考查 “the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...” 结构。句意：你练习英语口语越多，就会变得越流利。“the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...” 表 “越……，越……”，“much” 的比较级为 “more”，句首首字母大写，故填 The more。 2. This restaurant is ________ (good) than the one downtown, so it’s always crowded. 【答案】better 【解析】考查比较级 + than 结构。句意：这家餐厅比市中心的那家更好，所以总是很拥挤。“good” 的比较级为 “better”，后接 “than” 表比较，故填 better。 3. She is ________ (tall) of the two girls, so she was chosen to be the team leader. 【答案】the taller 【解析】考查 “the + 比较级 + of the two” 结构。句意：她是两个女孩中较高的那个，所以被选为队长。两者比较需用 “the + 比较级 + of the two”，“tall” 的比较级为 “taller”，故填 the taller。 4. This movie is no ________ (interesting) than the one I saw last week—both are boring. 【答案】more interesting 【解析】考查 “no + 比较级 + than” 结构。句意：这部电影和我上周看的那部一样无趣 —— 两部都很无聊。“no + 比较级 + than” 表 “两者都不……”，“interesting” 的比较级为 “more interesting”，故填 more interesting。 5. The new subway line is far ________ (many) convenient than the bus route we used to take. 【答案】more 【解析】考查比较级修饰语。句意：新地铁线路比我们以前乘坐的公交路线方便得多。“far” 可修饰比较级，表 “…… 得多”，故填 more。 四、最高级核心用法及固定短语表 此表格梳理最高级的核心句型、隐含最高级表达及固定短语，明确最高级的适用场景和语法规则，解决 “最高级的范围判断” 问题，适配语法填空及单句填空题型。 类别 具体规则 示例 核心句型 1. the + 最高级 + 表范围的短语 / 从句（三者及以上比较，范围常用 in/of/among/that 从句） Newton is the most famous scientist among these scholars.；This is the most beautiful park that I have ever visited. 2. 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词 + 范围（表 “第…… 最…… 的”） The Amazon is the second longest river in the world.；This is the third most popular song on the chart. 隐含最高级 比较级 + 否定句（表 “没有比…… 更……”，隐含最高级语义） No city is more dynamic than Shanghai.（= Shanghai is the most dynamic city.）；I don’t think there is a more suitable candidate than her.（= She is the most suitable candidate.） 固定短语 1. 表数量 / 程度：at most（最多）、at least（至少）、at the latest（最迟）、not in the least（一点也不） 2. 表动作 / 状态：do one’s best（尽最大努力）、make the most of（充分利用）、worst of all（最糟糕的是）、last but not least（最后但同样重要的是）、the last straw（最后一根稻草） 1. Please submit your report by Friday at the latest.；He is not in the least tired. 2. She did her best to finish the task.；Last but not least, we need to check the details. 注意事项： 1. 最高级的范围明确性：必须有 “三者及以上” 的比较范围（错误：She is the tallest in the two girls；正确：She is the taller of the two girls）； 2. 定语从句的时态：“the + 最高级 + that 从句” 中，从句常用现在完成时（如 This is the best book that I have ever read），表 “截至目前的经历”； 3. 固定短语的语义：“make the most of” 与 “make the best of” 同义（均为 “充分利用”），“not in the least” 表否定（= not at all），不可理解为 “至少”。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. This is the ________ (delicious) cake I have ever tasted in my life. 【答案】most delicious 【解析】考查最高级核心句型。句意：这是我这辈子吃过的最美味的蛋糕。多音节形容词 “delicious” 的最高级为 “most delicious”，后接定语从句表范围，故填 most delicious。 2. The Yangtze River is the third ________ (long) river in the world. 【答案】longest 【解析】考查 “序数词 + 最高级” 结构。句意：长江是世界上第三长的河流。“序数词 + 最高级 + 名词” 为固定结构，“long” 的最高级为 “longest”，故填 longest。 3. No one in the class is ________ (intelligent) than her—she always gets the highest scores. 【答案】more intelligent 【解析】考查隐含最高级（比较级 + 否定句）。句意：班上没有人比她更聪明 —— 她总是得最高分。“比较级 + 否定句” 隐含最高级语义，“intelligent” 的比较级为 “more intelligent”，故填 more intelligent。 4. We should do our ________ (good) to help those in need and make the world a better place. 【答案】best 【解析】考查最高级固定短语。句意：我们应该尽最大努力帮助那些有需要的人，让世界变得更美好。“do one’s best” 为固定短语，“good” 的最高级为 “best”，故填 best。 5. You must submit your application by Friday at the ________ (late) if you want to be considered. 【答案】latest 【解析】考查最高级固定短语。句意：如果你想被考虑，必须最迟在周五提交申请。“at the latest” 为固定短语，表 “最迟”，故填 latest。 五、含比较级 / 最高级的高频短语表 此表格梳理文档中含比较级、最高级的固定短语，明确短语语义和适用场景，适配书面表达及短语辨析题型，帮助丰富语言表达。 类别 具体短语 语义 示例 含比较级短语 1. change for the better/worse 2. worse still/to make matters worse/even worse/what is worse 3. more or less 4. sooner or later 5. more than 6. no more than/not more than 7. what’s more 8. still less 1. 变得更好 / 更糟 2. 更糟糕的是 3. 或多或少 4. 迟早 5. 不仅仅；超过 6. 仅仅 / 不超过 7. 而且 8. 更不用说 1. The weather changed for the worse. 2. The car broke down, and worse still, we had no phone signal. 3. The work is more or less finished. 4. You’ll regret it sooner or later. 5. Reading is more than a hobby. 6. He has no more than 100 yuan. 7. She is kind, and what’s more, she is hardworking. 8. He can’t speak English, still less French. 含最高级短语 1. at most/at least 2. at the latest 3. not in the least 4. worst of all 5. do one’s best/make the best of/make the most of 6. last but not least 7. the last straw 1. 最多 / 至少 2. 最迟 3. 一点也不 4. 最糟糕的是 5. 尽最大努力 / 充分利用 6. 最后但同样重要的是 7. 最后一根稻草 1. We need at least two hours. 2. Come back by 10 pm at the latest. 3. I’m not in the least interested in the movie. 4. Worst of all, he forgot the key. 5. Make the most of this opportunity. 6. Last but not least, thank you all. 7. The delayed flight was the last straw for her. 注意事项： 1. 短语的语义区分：“no more than” 表 “仅仅”（含嫌少语气），“not more than” 表 “不超过”（客观陈述）（如 He has no more than 5 books. 暗含 “书少”；He has not more than 5 books. 仅说明数量）； 2. 否定递进短语：“still less” 用于否定句后，表 “更不用说”（错误：He can speak English, still less French；正确：He can’t speak English, still less French）； 3. 固定搭配的完整性：不可遗漏短语中的介词或冠词（错误：make most of；正确：make the most of）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The situation has changed for the ________ (good) since the new policy was carried out. 【答案】better 【解析】考查含比较级短语。句意：自从新政策实施以来，情况已经好转。“change for the better” 为固定短语，表 “好转”，故填 better。 2. He is ________ (much) than a teacher to us—he is also our friend and mentor. 【答案】more 【解析】考查含比较级短语。句意：对我们来说，他不仅仅是一位老师 —— 他也是我们的朋友和导师。“more than” 为固定短语，表 “不仅仅”，故填 more。 3. ________ (bad) still, we ran out of gas on the way to the airport and missed the flight. 【答案】Worse 【解析】考查含比较级短语。句意：更糟糕的是，我们在去机场的路上没油了，错过了航班。“worse still” 为固定短语，表 “更糟糕的是”，句首首字母大写，故填 Worse。 4. We need to make the ________ (much) of every opportunity to improve our English skills. 【答案】most 【解析】考查含最高级短语。句意：我们需要充分利用每一个机会来提高我们的英语水平。“make the most of” 为固定短语，表 “充分利用”，故填 most。 5. Last but not ________ (little), I would like to thank my family for their constant support and encouragement. 【答案】least 【解析】考查含最高级短语。句意：最后但同样重要的是，我要感谢我的家人一直以来的支持和鼓励。“last but not least” 为固定短语，表 “最后但同样重要的是”，故填 least。 一、语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·江苏盐城·二模）In the darkest days when Covis-19 was doing its worst, the human spirit shone at its (bright). 【答案】brightest 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：在新冠最为肆虐的至暗日子里，人类精神闪耀着最明亮的光芒。分析句子可知，设空处所在结构为“at its+形容词最高级”, 表达“处于最……的状态”之意；结合所给词形容词bright，此处应填其最高级形式。故填brightest。 2．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）After a few months, we did not complain about homework anymore because we knew that our teachers worked (hard) than we did. 【答案】harder 【详解】考查副词的比较级。句意：过了几个月，我们没有再抱怨作业，因为我们知道我们的老师比我们还要更努力。根据空后的than可知，空处需要填副词的比较级形式修饰work。hard的比较级为harder。故填harder。 3．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）After just 12 minutes with dogs, patients’ hearts and lungs seemed to be working (well). 【答案】better 【详解】考查比较级。句意：与狗共处12分钟后，病人的心脏和肺似乎工作得更好了。根据句意，此处用比较级，well的比较级是better，作状语修饰working，故填better。 4．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much (well) after seeing a doctor. 【答案】better 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：其中之一是，我惊讶于一个病人在看医生后能感觉好多了。根据句意和前文比较级修饰语much可知，此处应用形容词well (健康；身体好)的比较级形式作表语。故填better。 5．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）According to some reports, this satellite and other US spy satellites have the technology to take even (sharp) images, with a resolution of up to around 4 inches (10cm). 【答案】sharper 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：据报道，这颗卫星和其他美国间谍卫星拥有拍摄更清晰图像的技术，分辨率高达4英寸(10厘米)左右。根据句意可知，此处表示“更清晰的图像”，并且该空前的even修饰形容词副词的比较级，所以应用sharp的比较级形式，sharp的比较级是sharper，故填sharper。 6．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Another theme is data. Managers alike will want more data in order to understand how facilities are being used, and the question of who owns data and what data are needed is about to become (pressing). 【答案】more pressing 【详解】考查比较级。句意：另一个主题是数据。管理者们都想要更多的数据，以便了解设施是如何使用的，谁拥有数据以及需要什么数据的问题将变得更加紧迫。由前面的“want more data”可知，句子表示“管理者们都想要更多的数据，以便了解设施是如何使用的，谁拥有数据以及需要什么数据的问题将变得更加紧迫”，空格处用形容词比较级more pressing，故填more pressing。 7．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Machine learning is now capable of far, far (complex) tasks. 【答案】more complex 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：机器学习现在能够完成极其复杂的任务。根据“tasks”可知需要用形容词来修饰名词，根据上文的far以及句意可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填more complex。 8．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）The tribes are working to build a (big) museum that will be closer to U.S. Highway 93. It’s a push to share their history with more people. 【答案】bigger 【详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：这些部落正在努力建造一个更大的博物馆，它将更靠近美国93号公路。它对于与人分享历史是一个促进。根据下文“that will be closer to U.S. Highway 93.”和“share their history with more people”会发现，形容词均用了比较级形式，由此可推知，现在正在建的博物馆与以前的博物馆相比肯定是更大，故应使用比较级。故填bigger。 9．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Not knowing what he was really interested in, he found it hard to decide which of the two courses could be (appropriate). 【答案】more appropriate 【详解】考查比较级。句意：由于不知道自己真正感兴趣的是什么，他发现很难决定两门课程中哪一门更合适。表示“更合适”应用比较级，在前面加more。故填more appropriate。 10．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is (wonderful) one I have ever attended. 【答案】the most wonderful 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：坦率地说，怀特先生的讲座是我所听过的最精彩的讲座。根据所给句子中“I have ever attended”可知，此句表示“我听过的最精彩的讲座”即一定范围内的最高级形式。“wonderful”是多音词形容词，因此最高级形式需在前加“the most”，即“the most wonderful”，故填the most wonderful。 11．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with (little) money and (few) people. 【答案】 less fewer 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：如果我们按照他的计划，我们可以用更少的钱和更少的人把工作做得更好。分析句子结构可知，结合空前better可推知，空处应用比较级与此对应，根据句意，所以空处应依次填less，修饰不可数名词money；fewer修饰people。故填①less；②fewer。 12．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）John has three sisters. Mary is (clever) of the three. 【答案】the cleverest 【详解】考查最高级。句意：约翰有三个姐妹。玛丽是三个人中最聪明的。由“of the three”可知，此处表示“玛丽是三个人中最聪明的”，空格处用最高级the cleverest，故填the cleverest。 13．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）The heat will affect rails so the trains have to run (slow). There may be fewer services. People need to be on their guard for disruption. If they don’t have to travel, this may be a moment to work from home. 【答案】slower 【详解】考查副词的比较级。句意：高温会对铁轨造成影响，因此列车不得不以更慢的速度行驶。列车班次可能会减少。人们需对可能出现的交通中断提高警惕。如果无需出行，这或许是一个居家办公的好时机。根据后面的fewer可知，此空指火车速度跑地更慢，故用slow的比较级slower。故填slower。 14．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）This morning he arrived at the office much (early) than before. 【答案】earlier 【详解】考查副词比较级。句意：今天早上他到办公室比以前早多了。根据句中比较级的标志词than和语意可知，此处应用early的比较级形式earlier作状语，修饰动词arrived，表示“更早地达到”。故填earlier。 15．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Sixteen years (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring (cook) a meal. 【答案】 earlier to cook 【详解】考查副词比较级和非谓语动词。句意：十六年前，帕尔松曾取下这枚钻戒去做饭。第一空表示“多久之前”短语为：时间段+ earlier，用副词比较级earlier；第二空cook作目的状语，用不定式。故填①earlier；②to cook。 Passage 1 （2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 1 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should 5 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 6 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】 1. to catch 2. treasures 3. what 4. were 5. be done 6. its 7. for 8. completion 9. largest 10. which 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏，并为此做出了许多努力。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 2. 考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。 3. 考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。 4. 考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 5. 考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 6. 考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 7. 考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。 8. 考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 9. 考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。 10. 考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 【点睛】 Passage 2 （2023·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 1 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 2 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 3 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 4 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 5 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 6 (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 7 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 8 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 9 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 10 culture of grassroots Beijingers. 【答案】 1. and 2. originally 3. surrounded 4. were permitted 5. featured 6. spacious 7. simpler 8. as 9. events 10. the 【原文】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。 1. 考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。 2. 考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。 4. 考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。 5. 考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。 6. 考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。 7. 考查形容词比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。 8. 考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。 9. 考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。 10. 考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 【点睛】 Passage 3 （2025·宁夏银川·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, 1 (discover) at the Chinese archaeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars. In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye. And, for a long while, people were unable to understand 2 they could see. Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky. Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed 3 (dramatic) when the first telescope was angled at the night sky. It increased the power of the human eye, 4 (enable) us to understand that the universe is far 5 (large) than previously imaginable. The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own, many of them even having their own moons. Soon, 6 was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy which we call the Milky Way. Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope 7 (launch) into orbit. It gave astronomers — indeed all of us — the first breathtakingly beautiful 8 (image) of our universe taken from beyond Earth. Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life. Not only that — it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding 9 an ever-increasing speed. Currently, China operates the world’s largest 10 most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016. 【答案】 1. discovered 2. what 3. dramatically 4. enabling 5. larger 6. it 7. was launched 8. images 9. at 10. and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。人类自古痴迷夜空，望远镜的发明及哈勃、中国FAST望远镜的出现，极大增进了对宇宙的认知。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，在中国三星堆考古遗址发现的古代蜀国神秘的大眼青铜雕像，被认为能够遥望星空。此空考查非谓语，statues与discover为逻辑被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填discovered。 2. 考查宾语从句。句意：长期以来，人们无法理解自己所看到的东西。空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，指物，应用连接代词what，表“什么”。故填what。 3. 考查副词。句意：当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索和理解太空的能力发生了巨大变化。修饰动词changed用副词dramatically，表“显著地”，作状语。故填dramatically。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它增强了人类的视力，使我们认识到宇宙比以前想象的要大得多。此空考查非谓语，It与enable为逻辑主动关系，该空后内容是前句造成的自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填enabling。 5. 考查形容词比较级。句意：它增强了人类的视力，使我们认识到宇宙比以前想象的要大得多。由than可知，这里应用形容词比较级larger，表“更大的”。故填larger。 6. 考查形式主语。句意：很快人们就明白了，太阳只是我们称之为银河系的数十亿恒星中的一颗。分析句子结构可知，句中真正主语是that引导的从句，这里应用it作形式主语。故填it。 7. 考查时态和语态。句意：第一台地基望远镜发明近400年后，哈勃太空望远镜被送入轨道。此空考查谓语动词，the Hubble Space Telescope与launch为被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was launched。 8. 考查名词复数。句意：它为天文学家——实际上是我们所有人——提供了第一批从地球之外拍摄的令人惊叹的宇宙图像。image，表“图像”，为可数名词，且由“the first breathtakingly beautiful”及语境可知，这里应用复数，表“第一批图像”。故填images。 9. 考查介词。句意：不仅如此，它还帮助我们计算出宇宙的年龄和性质，并发现了宇宙正以不断加快的速度膨胀这一惊人事实。此空考查at a speed，为固定搭配，意为“以……速度”。故填at。 10. 考查连词。句意：目前，中国拥有世界上最大、最强大的射电望远镜——2016年建成的FAST望远镜。分析句子结构可知，空处连接两个并列的形容词最高级，表并列关系，所以应用并列连词and。故填and。 Passage 4 （2025·辽宁丹东·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kew Gardens in London has opened one of its 1 (ambitious) garden projects in recent years: the Carbon Garden. Carbon is the building block of life, and can 2 (find) in all living things. However, human activities are releasing too much carbon dioxide 3 the atmosphere, trapping heat and 4 (warm) the planet. This new permanent garden brings to life the critical role that carbon plays in sustaining life on Earth. It also communicates the scale of the climate crisis, and shares how plants and fungi are our natural allies in climate repair. The garden features a selection of herbaceous perennials (草本多年生植物), an exposed coal face showing fossilised plants, a dry garden with drought-tolerant plants, a rain garden, 5 thirty-five new trees selected for their resilience to future climate conditions. A fungal-inspired pavilion directs rainwater into the rain garden, and provides shelter for school 6 (visit) and community activities. Richard Wilford, designer of the Carbon Garden, says: “The Carbon Garden offers 7 unique opportunity to showcase our ongoing research, combining scientific insight with 8 (thought) design and beautiful planting, to highlight the role of carbon in our lives, how it moves through the environment, and 9 plants and fungi can help us tackle climate change.” The hope is that the Carbon Garden will encourage visitors to become advocates for nature, highlighting actions they can take 10 (support) the health of plants and the planet. 【答案】 1. most ambitious 2. be found 3. into 4. warming 5. and 6. visits 7. a 8. thoughtful 9. how 10. to support 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了伦敦邱园（Kew Gardens）近年来推出的最具雄心的园林项目之一——“碳花园”。 1. 考查最高级。句意：伦敦邱园（Kew Gardens）近日推出了近年来最具雄心的园林项目之一——“碳花园”。“碳花园”是伦敦邱园最具雄心的园林项目之一，空格处用最高级most ambitious。故填most ambitious。 2. 考查被动语态。句意：碳是生命的基石，存在于所有生物之中。碳是被发现，句子用被动语态，空前有情态动词can，因此空格处是be found。故填be found。 3. 考查介词。句意：然而，人类活动正将过量的二氧化碳释放到大气中，导致热量滞留、地球变暖。release...into...意为“把……释放到……中”，因此空格处用介词into。故填into。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，人类活动正将过量的二氧化碳释放到大气中，导致热量滞留、地球变暖。句中谓语是are releasing，空格处用非谓语动词，此处用现在分词表结果，作状语。故填warming。 5. 考查连词。句意：花园内精心布置了多种草本多年生植物、一处裸露的煤层（展示着化石植物）、一座种植耐旱植物的旱景园、一座雨水花园，以及35棵因对未来气候条件具备强适应性而被选中的新树。a dry garden with drought-tolerant plants, a rain garden和thirty-five new trees之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此用and表并列。故填and。 6. 考查名词的复数。句意：一座受真菌启发的亭子将雨水引入雨水花园，同时也为学校参观和社区活动提供了遮蔽场所。and前后一致，由activities可知，空格处用复数。故填visits。 7. 考查冠词。句意：‘碳花园’提供了一个独特的机会，让我们能够展示正在进行的研究，将科学洞察力与深思熟虑的设计和优美的植物配置相结合，以凸显碳在我们生活中的作用、它在环境中的流动方式，以及植物和真菌如何助力我们应对气候变化。opportunity是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，unique是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a。故填a。 8. 考查形容词。句意：‘碳花园’提供了一个独特的机会，让我们能够展示正在进行的研究，将科学洞察力与深思熟虑的设计和优美的植物配置相结合，以凸显碳在我们生活中的作用、它在环境中的流动方式，以及植物和真菌如何助力我们应对气候变化。空格处用形容词thoughtful作定语，修饰名词design，thoughtful意为“深思熟虑的”。故填thoughtful。 9. 考查宾语从句。句意：‘碳花园’提供了一个独特的机会，让我们能够展示正在进行的研究，将科学洞察力与深思熟虑的设计和优美的植物配置相结合，以凸显碳在我们生活中的作用、它在环境中的流动方式，以及植物和真菌如何助力我们应对气候变化。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，句子表示“植物和真菌如何助力我们应对气候变化”，空格处意为“如何”，因此用how引导宾语从句。故填how。 10. 考查不定式。句意：人们希望，“碳花园”能够激励游客成为大自然的倡导者，并强调他们可以采取哪些行动来支持植物与地球的健康。该句为省略关系代词的定语从句，结合“take actions to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“采取行动做某事”可知，空格处用不定式to support。故填to support。 Passage 5 （2025·云南昭通·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the high-altitude terrain of Southwest China’s Yunnan Province, Zhaotong city has transformed from a traditional farming region into the 1 (large) high-quality apple production base in southern China, 2 (reshape) the lives of once impoverished residents. 3 (locate) on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Zhaotong’s 4 (combine) of low latitude, high altitude, ample sunshine, and significant daily temperature swings has provided ideal conditions for growing sweet, crisp apples. The citywide industry now spans nearly 66,700 hectares, 5 an output of 1.3 million tons last year and a comprehensive economic value of 15 billion yuan ($2.07 billion). The apple industry 6 (benefit) 138,000 households so far, or about 527,000 people. In April last year, apples from Zhaotong were part of the fresh food supply for astronauts aboard 7 Shenzhou-18 spacecraft, becoming a powerful engine of economic growth and rural vitalization, according to the local agriculture and rural affairs department. In Zhaoyang, 8 is the core district in the city, a massive 6,670-hectare orchard is regarded as the largest high-density apple base in the country, with 118 apple 9 (variety). It has employed advanced techniques from New Zealand 10 other countries, such as dwarf rootstocks and an integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation system, said Yang Longjiang, director of the district’s industry development center. 【答案】 1. largest 2. reshaping 3. Located 4. combination 5. with 6. has benefited 7. the 8. which 9. varieties 10. and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。云南昭通从传统农业区变为中国南方最大优质苹果基地，产业规模大、效益高，助农增收并促乡村振兴。 1. 考查形容词最高级。句意：在中国西南部云南省的高海拔地区，昭通市已从传统农业区转变为中国南方最大的优质苹果生产基地，重塑了曾经贫困居民的生活。根据空前的the以及范围限定“in southern China”可知，此处应用形容词large的最高级形式，表示“最大的”，符合语境。故填largest。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国西南部云南省的高海拔地区，昭通市已从传统农业区转变为中国南方最大的优质苹果生产基地，重塑了曾经贫困居民的生活。此空考查非谓语，Zhaotong city与reshape为主动关系，再由语境可知，此空应用现在分词作结果状语。故填reshaping。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：昭通位于云贵高原，低纬度、高海拔、充足光照和显著昼夜温差的结合，为种植香甜脆爽的苹果提供了理想条件。此空考查非谓语，Zhaotong与locate为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作状语，be located on，为固定短语，意为“位于……”；这里去掉be动词作状语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Located。 4. 考查名词。句意：昭通位于云贵高原，低纬度、高海拔、充足光照和显著昼夜温差的结合，为种植香甜脆爽的苹果提供了理想条件。此处应用名词作主语，combine的名词形式为combination，为可数名词，且根据空后的has可知，应用单数形式。故填combination。 5. 考查介词。句意：目前全市苹果产业面积近6.67万公顷，去年产量130万吨，综合经济价值150亿元（约合20.7亿美元）。此处表示“具有……产量”，应用介词with。故填with。 6. 考查时态。句意：当地农业农村部门表示，到目前为止，苹果产业已惠及13.8万户家庭，约52.7万人。此空考查谓语动词，The apple industry与benefit为主动关系，再根据时间状语so far可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语The apple industry为单数。故填has benefited。 7. 考查冠词。句意：去年4月，昭通苹果成为神舟十八号航天员的新鲜食品供应之一，成为经济增长和乡村振兴的强大引擎。“Shenzhou-18 spacecraft” 为特定事物，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 8. 考查定语从句。句意：昭阳区是该市的核心区，一个占地6670公顷的大型果园被视为全国最大的高密度苹果基地，拥有118个苹果品种。此处为定语从句，先行词为Zhaoyang，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9. 考查名词复数。句意：昭阳区是该市的核心区，一个占地6670公顷的大型果园被视为全国最大的高密度苹果基地，拥有118个苹果品种。根据空前的“118”可知，此处应用名词variety的复数形式。故填varieties。 10. 考查连词。句意：该区产业发展中心主任杨龙江表示，该基地采用了来自新西兰和其他国家的先进技术，如矮化砧木和水肥一体化滴灌系统。此处表示“新西兰和其他国家”，为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。 Passage 6 （2025·四川绵阳·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Eight Treasures Duck, a classic dish from Jiangsu cuisine, 1 (have) a history of over 300 years. It gets 2 (it) name from the eight ingredients stuffed inside — glutinous rice, chestnuts, and dried fruits, 3 give the dish a rich, sweet flavor.​ 4 making this dish, chefs first clean a whole duck and remove its bones, keeping the skin intact. The duck 5 (stuff) with the eight treasures, then sewn up and braised (焖煮) slowly in soy sauce. The process, 6 takes several hours, requires patience and skill.​ In the past, Eight Treasures Duck 7 (serve) only on important occasions like weddings. Today, it is 8 (easy) to find in restaurants, yet still carries a sense of celebration. Many families enjoy it during the Lunar New Year, as the duck’s round shape symbolizes 9 (harmonious) and unity.​ 10 (compare) to other duck dishes, it stands out for its combination of savory and sweet tastes. Each bite tells a story of traditional cooking wisdom passed down through generations.​ 【答案】 1. has 2. its 3. which 4. When 5. is stuffed 6. which 7. was served 8. easier 9. harmony 10. Compared 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了江苏经典菜肴八宝鸭，包括其历史、制作方法、食用场合以及文化意义等。 1. 考查主谓一致。句意：八宝鸭是江苏的一道经典菜肴，有300多年的历史。句子主语是“Eight Treasures Duck”，为第三人称单数，且句子描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填has。 2. 考查代词。句意：它的名字来源于内部填充的八种食材——糯米、栗子和干果，这些食材赋予了这道菜浓郁的甜味。根据后面的名词“name”可知，此处要用形容词性物主代词“its”来修饰名词作定语，表示“它的”。故填its。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：同上。本句为包含非限制性定语从句的复合句，先行词是“the eight ingredients”，指物，在从句中作主语，所以要用关系代词“which”引导该从句。故填which。 4. 考查时间状语从句。句意：制作这道菜时，厨师首先要清洗一只整鸭并去除骨头，保持鸭皮完整。根据“making this dish(制作这道菜)”可知，此处表示“当制作这道菜的时候”，要用“when”引导时间状语从句，主从句主语一致，此句为“when+现在分词”构成的状语从句中的省略，句首首字母要大写。故填When。 5. 考查时态和语态。句意：鸭子内被填充八宝，然后缝合起来，在酱油中慢慢焖煮。“The duck”和“stuff”之间是被动关系，即鸭子被用八宝填充，且句子描述的是制作八宝鸭的过程，时态用一般现在时，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态，主语“The duck”为单数，故填is stuffed。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：这个过程需要几个小时，需要耐心和技巧。这是一个包含非限制性定语从句的复合句，先行词是“The process”，指物，在从句中作主语，所以要用关系代词“which”引导该从句。故填which。 7. 考查时态和语态。句意：在过去，八宝鸭只在婚礼等重要场合才会上桌。“Eight Treasures Duck”和“serve”之间是被动关系，即八宝鸭被上桌，且根据“In the past”可知，句子时态用一般过去时，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语“Eight Treasures Duck”是第三人称单数，be动词用“was”，“serve”的过去分词是“served”。故填was served。 8. 考查形容词比较级。句意：如今，在餐馆里更容易找到它，但它仍然带有一种庆祝的氛围。根据“to find in restaurants(在餐馆里找到)”可知，此处是将过去和现在作比较，表示现在更容易在餐馆里找到八宝鸭，所以要用“easy”的比较级“easier”作表语。故填easier。 9. 考查名词。句意：许多家庭在农历新年期间享用它，因为鸭子的圆形象征着和谐与团结。根据后面的“and unity”可知，此处要用名词“harmony”与“unity”并列作宾语，表示“和谐与团结”。故填harmony。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：与其他鸭肉菜肴相比，它以其咸甜结合的味道脱颖而出。空白处在句子中做状语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语Eight Treasures Duck之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词表被动，句首首字母要大写。故填Compared。 9 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $