第17讲 重难点专项突破 形容词&副词-1-核心语法 任务单 2026届高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

高考核心语法·精练 第17讲 形容词&副词-1 2026年高考语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、形容词与副词句法功能表 此表格梳理形容词和副词的核心句法功能，明确两类词在句中可充当的成分及适用场景，结合典型示例帮助理解，是掌握形容词、副词基础应用的关键框架，适配语法填空 “词性判断” 和涉及句子成分分析的题型。 词类 功能 适用规则 示例 形容词 作表语 需搭配连系词（be/feel/look/smell/taste/sound/get/become/grow/keep/appear/turn/seem 等），表主语性质或状态 1. He got angry when he heard the news. 2. Her advice proved helpful in the end. 3. The baby is asleep.（以 a - 开头形容词常作表语） 作定语 1. 常规前置：修饰名词，位于名词前 2. 特殊后置：修饰复合不定代词（something/nothing/anything 等） 3. 多形容词排列：限定词→描绘性形容词→大小 / 长短 / 高矮→新旧→颜色→国籍→材料→用途 1. a healthy life（前置） 2. nothing important（后置） 3. a small round red Chinese wooden table（多形容词排列） 作状语 位于句首或句末，用逗号与其他部分隔开，表原因、伴随或结果 1. Hungry and tired, I have to stop to rest.（原因） 2. She lay in bed, wide awake.（伴随） 3. We arrived home, safe and sound.（结果） 作宾补 1. 用于 “with + 名词 + 形容词” 复合结构 2. 用于 keep/find/make 等动词后，补充说明宾语性质或状态 1. They keep the classroom clean every day. 2. She walked with her hands full of bags. 3. We found the room empty. 副词 作状语 修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，位置灵活（修饰动词可在句中 / 末，修饰句子可在句首） 1. He spoke too loudly.（修饰动词） 2. The movie is quite interesting.（修饰形容词） 3. Fortunately, we caught the bus.（修饰句子） 作定语 通常后置，多修饰表时间、地点的名词，表 “…… 的（时间 / 地点）” 1. The people here are kind. 2. The rooms upstairs need cleaning. 3. I met her on my way home. 作表语 仅限表地点或状态的副词（on/over/up/down/away/alone 等），位于系动词后 1. His favorite show is on tonight. 2. The old man was alone at home. 3. The lights are off. 作宾补 补充说明宾语的位置、状态或动作趋向，使句意更完整 1. He left the lights on when he left. 2. We found the cat upstairs in the bedroom. 3. She asked him to put the books away. 注意事项： 1. 形容词作表语的特殊情况：以 a - 开头的形容词（alone/asleep/afraid/awake 等）多作表语，不可作前置定语（错误：an asleep baby；正确：a sleeping baby）； 2. 副词作定语的位置：必须后置，不可前置（错误：the here people；正确：the people here）； 3. 多形容词排列的优先级：限定词（如 a/the/my）需置于最前，用途类形容词（如 military/medical）需靠近名词，不可颠倒顺序（错误：a Chinese small red wooden table；正确：a small red Chinese wooden table）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The little girl looks ________ (happiness) because she received a lot of lovely gifts on her birthday. 【答案】happy 【解析】考查形容词作表语。句意：这个小女孩看起来很开心，因为她在生日那天收到了很多可爱的礼物。“look” 为连系动词，后接形容词作表语，故填 happy。 2. I have something ________ (importance) to tell you, so please listen carefully. 【答案】important 【解析】考查形容词作后置定语。句意：我有件重要的事要告诉你，请仔细听。形容词修饰复合不定代词 “something” 时需后置，故填 important。 3. ________ (Tire) and hungry, the hikers finally reached the top of the mountain before dark. 【答案】Tired 【解析】考查形容词作状语。句意：徒步旅行者们又累又饿，终于在天黑前到达了山顶。形容词置于句首作原因状语，句首首字母大写，故填 Tired。 4. My mother asked me to keep the desk ________ (organize) so that I can find my books easily.【答案】organized 【解析】考查形容词作宾补。句意：妈妈让我保持书桌整洁，这样我就能轻松找到我的书。“keep + 宾语 + 形容词” 为固定结构，提示词 “organize” 为动词，需变形为形容词 “organized”（表 “有条理的”）作宾补，故填 organized。 5. The students ________ (presence) at the meeting all agreed with the teacher’s suggestion. 【答案】present 【解析】考查形容词作后置定语。句意：出席会议的学生都同意老师的建议。提示词 “present” 可作形容词，表 “出席的”，修饰名词 “students” 时需后置，符合 “形容词作定语后置” 规则，故填 present。 二、形容词词形变化规则表 此表格梳理合成形容词、名词变形容词、动词变形容词的核心规则，明确不同词形转换的后缀搭配及特殊形式，适配语法填空 “词性转换” 题型，帮助掌握形容词的多样化构成方式。 变化类型 具体规则 示例 合成形容词 1. 形容词 / 副词 + 现在分词 2. 副词 + 过去分词 3. 名词 + 现在分词 4. 名词 + 过去分词 5. 形容词 / 数词 + 名词 6. 形容词 / 数词 + 名词 + ed 7. 其他特殊形式 1. easy-going（随和的）、hard-working（勤劳的） 2. well-known（著名的）、low-paid（低薪的） 3. time-consuming（耗时的）、man-eating（吃人的） 4. heart-broken（心碎的）、home-made（自制的） 5. full-time（全职的）、five-year（五年的） 6. absent-minded（心不在焉的）、four-legged（四条腿的） 7. face-to-face（面对面的）、up-to-date（最新的） 名词 + 后缀变形容词 1. +y（多表 “具有…… 特征的”） 2. +ed（多表 “具有…… 特性的”） 3. +ful（表 “充满…… 的”）；+less（表 “无…… 的”） 4. +able（表 “可…… 的”） 5. +ous（表 “具有…… 性质的”） 6. -ce 变 - t（特殊变化） 7. +al（表 “与…… 相关的”） 8. 其他特殊后缀 1. anger→angry（生气的）、health→healthy（健康的） 2. balance→balanced（平衡的）、talent→talented（有天赋的） 3. meaning→meaningful（有意义的）、fear→fearless（无畏的） 4. fashion→fashionable（时尚的）、reason→reasonable（合理的） 5. danger→dangerous（危险的）、fame→famous（著名的） 6. patience→patient（有耐心的）、evidence→evident（明显的） 7. music→musical（音乐的）、medicine→medical（医学的） 8. friend→friendly（友好的）、wood→wooden（木制的） 动词 + 后缀变形容词 1. +ful（表 “充满…… 的”） 2. +ed（表 “感到…… 的”，主语多为人） 3. +ing（表 “令人…… 的”，主语多为物） 4. +ble（表 “可…… 的”） 5. +ive（表 “具有…… 性质的”） 1. thank→thankful（感激的）、cheer→cheerful（快乐的） 2. excite→excited（兴奋的）、surprise→surprised（惊讶的） 3. interest→interesting（有趣的）、develop→developing（发展中的） 4. accept→acceptable（可接受的）、change→changeable（易变的） 5. create→creative（有创造力的）、protect→protective（保护的） 注意事项： 1. 合成形容词的连字符：“数词 + 名词” 构成的合成形容词中，名词需用单数（错误：a five-years plan；正确：a five-year plan）； 2. 名词 + ful/less 的拼写：部分名词需去 e 或变 y 为 i（错误：beauty→beautyful；正确：beauty→beautiful）； 3. 动词 + ed/ing 的语义差异：-ed 形容词表 “人感到……”，-ing 形容词表 “物令人……”（错误：an excited movie；正确：an exciting movie；错误：a boring man；正确：a bored man）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The ________ (home-make) cake tastes much better than the one bought from the shop. 【答案】home-made 【解析】考查合成形容词。句意：这个自制的蛋糕比从店里买的好吃多了。“名词 + 过去分词” 构成合成形容词，“home-made” 表示 “自制的”，故填 home-made。 2. It’s ________ (danger) to swim in the deep river without any safety measures. 【答案】dangerous 【解析】考查名词变形容词。句意：在没有任何安全措施的情况下在深河里游泳是危险的。名词 “danger” 后加后缀 “-ous” 构成形容词 “dangerous”，故填 dangerous。 3. The ________ (excite) children couldn’t wait to open their Christmas presents. 【答案】excited 【解析】考查动词变形容词。句意：兴奋的孩子们迫不及待地打开他们的圣诞礼物。动词 “excite” 后加后缀 “-ed” 构成形容词 “excited”，表 “感到兴奋的”，修饰人，故填 excited。 4. This book is full of ________ (meaning) stories that can teach us a lot of life lessons. 【答案】meaningful 【解析】考查名词变形容词。句意：这本书充满了有意义的故事，能教给我们很多人生道理。名词 “meaning” 后加后缀 “-ful” 构成形容词 “meaningful”，表 “有意义的”，故填 meaningful。 5. The ________ (time-consume) project requires a lot of patience and careful planning. 【答案】time-consuming 【解析】考查合成形容词。句意：这个耗时的项目需要很大的耐心和周密的计划。“名词 + 现在分词” 构成合成形容词 “time-consuming”，表 “耗时的”，故填 time-consuming。 三、形容词变副词及副词种类表 此表格梳理形容词变副词的规则及副词的八大类别，明确不同后缀的适配场景及各类副词的功能，解决 “副词形式转换” 及 “副词分类判断” 的问题，适配语法填空和涉及句子成分分析的题型。 类别 具体规则 / 功能 示例 形容词变副词 1. 一般形容词直接加 - ly 2. 以 - y 结尾：变 y 为 i 加 - ly（y 前为辅音） 3. 以 - ic 结尾：加 - ally 4. 以 - ll 结尾：直接加 - y 5. 以 - ing/-ed 结尾：直接加 - ly 6. 以 - le 结尾：去 e 加 - ly 7. 以 - e 结尾：直接加 - ly（e 前为元音或特殊词） 1. careful→carefully（小心地）、strong→strongly（强烈地） 2. happy→happily（快乐地）、angry→angrily（生气地） 3. basic→basically（基本上）、scientific→scientifically（科学地） 4. full→fully（充分地）、dull→dully（枯燥地） 5. amazing→amazingly（令人惊叹地）、excited→excitedly（兴奋地） 6. simple→simply（仅仅）、gentle→gently（温和地） 7. extreme→extremely（极其）、true→truly（真实地） 副词种类 1. 时间副词：表动作发生时间，可放句首 / 中 / 末 2. 地点副词：表动作发生地点，多放句末 3. 方式副词：表动作方式，多由形容词 + ly 构成 4. 程度副词：表动作 / 状态程度，修饰 adj/adv/ 动词 5. 频度副词：表动作频率，放 be 动词后、实义动词前 6. 疑问副词：用于提问，引导特殊疑问句 7. 连接副词：连接句子 / 从句，表逻辑关系 8. 情态副词：表推测或态度，修饰整个句子 1. now（现在）、yesterday（昨天）、already（已经） 2. here（这里）、abroad（在国外）、home（回家） 3. quickly（快速地）、carefully（仔细地） 4. very（非常）、quite（相当）、hardly（几乎不） 5. always（总是）、sometimes（有时）、never（从不） 6. how（如何）、when（何时）、where（何地） 7. however（然而）、therefore（因此）、besides（此外） 8. maybe（也许）、certainly（当然）、probably（可能） 注意事项： 1. 形容词变副词的特殊拼写：以 - ue 结尾的形容词（如 true）变副词需去 e 加 - ly（错误：true→truely；正确：true→truly）；以 - le 结尾的形容词（如 whole）变副词需去 e 加 - ly（错误：whole→whollyly；正确：whole→wholly）； 2. 频度副词的位置：修饰实义动词时必须置于动词前，修饰 be 动词时置于 be 动词后（错误：He always is late；正确：He is always late；错误：She plays sometimes basketball；正确：She sometimes plays basketball）； 3. 连接副词的逻辑作用：不可直接连接两个句子，需用逗号分隔或加连词（错误：He was ill therefore he didn’t come；正确：He was ill; therefore, he didn’t come 或 He was ill, so he didn’t come）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. She speaks English very ________ (fluent), so she can communicate with foreigners freely. 【答案】fluently 【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意：她英语说得非常流利，所以能和外国人自由交流。形容词 “fluent” 后加后缀 “-ly” 构成副词 “fluently”，修饰动词 “speaks”，故填 fluently。 2. ________ (fortunate), we arrived at the airport just in time to catch the plane. 【答案】Fortunately 【解析】考查形容词变副词（修饰句子）。句意：幸运的是，我们及时赶到机场赶上了飞机。形容词 “fortunate” 后加后缀 “-ly” 构成副词 “fortunately”，修饰整个句子，句首首字母大写，故填 Fortunately。 3. He ________ (quick) finished his homework and went out to play basketball with his friends. 【答案】quickly 【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意：他很快完成了作业，然后出去和朋友们打篮球。形容词 “quick” 后加后缀 “-ly” 构成副词 “quickly”，修饰动词 “finished”，故填 quickly。 4. My mother goes to the park ________ (regular) to do morning exercises for her health. 【答案】regularly 【解析】考查形容词变副词（频度副词）。句意：我妈妈定期去公园晨练，为了身体健康。形容词 “regular” 后加后缀 “-ly” 构成副词 “regularly”，表 “定期地”，故填 regularly。 5. The scientist explained the complex theory ________ (simple) so that everyone could understand it. 【答案】simply 【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意：这位科学家简单地解释了这个复杂的理论，以便每个人都能理解。以 “-le” 结尾的形容词 “simple” 变副词需去 “e” 加 “-ly”，故填 simply。 四、易混形容词、副词对比表 此表格针对易混词汇，通过 “语义差异 + 示例” 明确区分规则，解决 “形容词 / 副词误用” 问题，适配语法填空及单项选择中的辨析类题型，帮助规避常见错误。 类别 词汇组 语义差异 示例（正确用法） 易混形容词 respectful vs respectable vs respective 1. respectful：（人）尊敬他人的 2. respectable：（人 / 事物）值得尊敬的 3. respective：各自的 1. We should be respectful to the elderly. 2. He is a respectable scientist. 3. They took their respective seats. alone vs lonely 1. alone：（副词 / 形容词）独自的，无感情色彩 2. lonely：（形容词）孤独的，有感情色彩 1. She lives alone but doesn’t feel lonely. 2. The lonely child needs care. sensitive vs sensible 1. sensitive：敏感的，易受影响的 2. sensible：明智的，合理的 1. She is sensitive to cold. 2. It’s sensible to take an umbrella. asleep vs sleepy 1. asleep：睡着的，多作表语 2. sleepy：瞌睡的，可作定语 / 表语 1. The baby is asleep. 2. I feel sleepy in class. economic vs economical 1. economic：与经济相关的 2. economical：节约的，实惠的 1. economic development（经济发展） 2. an economical car（经济型汽车） 易混形容词副词 so vs such 1. so：副词，修饰形容词 / 副词 / 动词 2. such：形容词，修饰名词 1. The task is so difficult. 2. It’s such a difficult task. good vs well 1. good：形容词，作定语 / 表语 2. well：副词，修饰动词；形容词（表 “身体好”） 1. She is a good singer. 2. He sings well./He is well.（身体好） many vs much 1. many：形容词，修饰可数名词复数 2. much：形容词 / 副词，修饰不可数名词 / 动词 1. many books 2. much water/much love（修饰名词）；thank you much（修饰动词） 两种形式副词 deep vs deeply 1. deep：本义（空间 / 时间），无感情色彩 2. deeply：引申义（情感），有感情色彩 1. They talked deep into the night. 2. He was deeply moved. high vs highly 1. high：本义（高度），无感情色彩 2. highly：引申义（评价），有感情色彩 1. Birds fly high. 2. We think highly of her. close vs closely 1. close：本义（距离近），无感情色彩 2. closely：引申义（密切地），有感情色彩 1. They sat close. 2. We watched him closely. hard vs hardly 1. hard：努力地，猛烈地 2. hardly：几乎不，表否定 1. He works hard. 2. He hardly eats meat. 注意事项： 1. 易混形容词的语境适配：需结合语义判断情感色彩（如 alone 无感情，lonely 有负面情感），不可随意替换； 2. so/such 的修饰对象：so 后接形容词 / 副词（so fast），such 后接名词（such a fast car），不可混淆（错误：such fast；正确：so fast）； 3. 两种形式副词的语义边界：本义副词（deep/high）多与具体场景相关，引申义副词（deeply/highly）多与抽象情感或评价相关，需结合语境区分。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. We should be ________ (respect) to our parents and teachers who have given us a lot of care. 【答案】respectful 【解析】考查易混形容词。句意：我们应该尊敬给予我们很多关爱的父母和老师。“respectful” 表 “尊敬他人的”，符合语境，故填 respectful。 2. The old man lives alone in the small village, but he never feels ________ (alone) because of the friendly neighbors. 【答案】lonely 【解析】考查易混形容词副词。句意：这位老人独自住在这个小村庄里，但由于邻居们很友好，他从不感到孤独。“alone” 表 “独自地”，无感情色彩；“lonely” 表 “孤独的”，有感情色彩，故填 lonely。 3. It’s ________ (sense) of you to bring an umbrella on such a rainy day. 【答案】sensible 【解析】考查易混形容词。句意：在这样的雨天带把伞，你真明智。“sensible” 表 “明智的”，符合语境，故填 sensible。 4. She works very hard every day, but she ________ (hard) has any time to relax. 【答案】hardly 【解析】考查两种形式副词。句意：她每天工作都很努力，但几乎没有时间放松。“hard” 表 “努力地”；“hardly” 表 “几乎不”，故填 hardly。 5. The movie was so ________ (interest) that all the audience were deeply ________ (interest) in it. 【答案】interesting; interested 【解析】考查易混形容词。句意：这部电影非常有趣，所有观众都对它深深感兴趣。“interesting” 表 “令人有趣的”，修饰物；“interested” 表 “感到感兴趣的”，修饰人，故填 interesting; interested。 五、形容词化的分词用法表 此表格梳理 - ing 和 - ed 形式形容词的核心区别及适用场景，解决 “分词形容词误用” 问题，适配语法填空 “分词形式选择” 题型，帮助准确判断分词形容词的适用语境。 类型 核心语义 适用场景 示例 -ing 形容词 1. 表 “令人…… 的”（主语多为物） 2. 表 “正在…… 的”（表动作进行） 3. 表 “即将…… 的”（表动作趋势） 1. 描述事物对人的影响 2. 修饰正在进行动作的名词 3. 修饰即将发生动作的名词 1. an interesting story（令人感兴趣的故事） 2. an escaping thief（正在逃跑的小偷） 3. a retiring teacher（即将退休的老师） -ed 形容词 1. 表 “感到…… 的”（主语多为人） 2. 表 “已经…… 的”（表动作完成） 3. 表 “受到…… 的”（表被动状态） 1. 描述人对事物的感受 2. 修饰已完成动作的名词 3. 修饰处于被动状态的名词 1. an interested boy（感到感兴趣的男孩） 2. a retired teacher（已经退休的老师） 3. a wounded soldier（受伤的士兵） 注意事项： 1. 主语与人 / 物的匹配：-ing 形容词主语多为物，-ed 形容词主语多为人（错误：a bored movie；正确：a boring movie；错误：an exciting man；正确：an excited man）； 2. 特殊 - ed 形容词的语义：部分 - ed 形容词（如 broken/damaged）可修饰物，表 “处于被动状态”（如 a broken cup），需结合语义判断； 3. 避免重复冗余：“too+ing 形容词” 表 “过于……”（如 too boring 表 “太无聊”），不可与 “very” 混淆语义，需根据语境选择合适修饰词。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The ________ (break) window was broken by a naughty boy who was playing football nearby. 【答案】broken 【解析】考查 - ed 形容词。句意：那扇破窗户是被附近一个踢足球的调皮男孩打碎的。“broken” 表 “已经破碎的”，修饰名词 “window”，故填 broken。 2. The ________ (surprise) news made all of us jump with joy. 【答案】surprising 【解析】考查 - ing 形容词。句意：这个令人惊喜的消息让我们所有人都高兴得跳了起来。“surprising” 表 “令人惊喜的”，修饰物 “news”，故填 surprising。 3. We saw a ________ (run) man rushing into the building with a bag in his hand. 【答案】running 【解析】考查 - ing 形容词。句意：我们看到一个正在奔跑的男人手里拿着一个包冲进了大楼。“running” 表 “正在奔跑的”，修饰名词 “man”，故填 running。 4. The ________ (retire) teacher still often comes back to school to see the students she used to teach. 【答案】retired 【解析】考查 - ed 形容词。句意：那位退休的老师仍然经常回到学校看望她曾经教过的学生。“retired” 表 “已经退休的”，修饰名词 “teacher”，故填 retired。 5. The ________ (disappoint) result made the players feel very ________ (disappoint). 【答案】disappointing; disappointed 【解析】考查形容词化的分词。句意：这个令人失望的结果让球员们感到非常失望。“disappointing” 表 “令人失望的”，修饰物；“disappointed” 表 “感到失望的”，修饰人，故填 disappointing; disappointed。 一、语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·河北衡水·三模）These machines are designed to perform very (predict) activities. 【答案】predictable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些机器旨在执行非常可预测的活动。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词作定语修饰后面名词，predictable，表示“可预测的、可预料的”，为形容词，符合语境。故填predictable。 2．（2022·河北衡水·模拟预测）Critics say these programmes are (base) bad television, but people watch them. 【答案】basically 【详解】考查副词。句意：批评家们说这些节目基本上是差的电视，但是人们看。空格修饰本句的谓语动词，应该使用副词，故填basically。 3．（2025·广东·二模）After a (poet) and fascinating experience, they emerged from the forest, and found themselves greeted by the familiar city lights that twinkled in the distance. 【答案】poetic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在一段充满诗意且迷人的经历之后，他们走出森林，发现映入眼帘的，是远方闪烁着的熟悉的城市灯火。空处应用形容词，和fascinating并列作定语，修饰名词experience；poetic是形容词，表示“诗意的”，符合句意。故填poetic。 4．（2025·广东·二模）Local authorities have taken a series of measures to strengthen the systematic protection of Li brocade (织锦缎) and the development of Li brocade, which is so (benefit) to the survival of the traditional skills. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：地方当局采取了一系列措施，加强了对黎锦的系统保护，促进了黎锦的发展，这有利于传统技艺的生存。此处作表语，应用形容词beneficial“有益的”，固定短语be beneficial to“有利于，有益于”。故填beneficial。 5．（2021·陕西西安·模拟预测） (expect) as she had appeared, not one of them felt that she was an intruder at all. 【答案】Unexpectedly 【详解】考查副词。句意：虽然她的出现出乎意料，但他们没有一个人觉得她是入侵者。分析句子结构可知，“______(expect) as she had appeared”是as引导的让步状语从句的倒装，as引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然”，应用倒装，须将表语，状语或者动词原形提到as前面，其结构为“形容词/副词/（不带冠词的）名词/动词原形+as+主语+谓语”，根据句意可知，此处表示“出乎意料地”，应用副词unexpectedly，修饰动词appeared(出现)，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Unexpectedly。 6．（2025·河北衡水·二模）The new park is designed to be (access) to people with disabilities. 【答案】accessible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个新公园在设计时充分考虑了残障人士的可达性。空处作表语，需用access的形容词accessible。故填accessible。 7．（2021·陕西西安·模拟预测）She is still (finance) dependent on her parents. 【答案】 financially 【详解】考查副词。句意：她的经济仍依赖于她的父母。副词financially修饰形容词dependent，故填financially。 8．（2025·江苏盐城·二模）That was a (degrade) experience for her. 【答案】degrading 【详解】考查形容词。句意：那对她来说是一次屈辱的经历。作定语修饰名词experience，形容词degrading“有辱人格的，降低身份的”符合句意。故填degrading。 9．（2025·河北衡水·二模）Every student should learn to solve problems (creative) by thinking outside the box. 【答案】creatively 【详解】考查副词。句意：每个学生都应该学会通过跳出思维定势来创造性地解决问题。空处作状语，修饰动词solve，需用副词creatively“创造性地”。故填creatively。 10．（2025·江苏盐城·二模）Her (infect) laughter filled the room and made everyone feel happy. 【答案】infectious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她的感染性笑声充满了房间，让每个人都感到快乐。根据句意，此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词“laughter”作定语，表示“具有感染力的”，因此应将动词“infect”转换为形容词形式“infectious”。故填infectious。 11．（2025·江苏盐城·模拟预测）Research into the brilliant blue wings of a species of butterfly has led to (innovate) technologies since scientists uncovered the secret behind their bright colour. 【答案】innovative 【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家发现了一种蝴蝶明亮的蓝色翅膀背后的秘密，对这种蝴蝶亮蓝色翅膀的研究带来了创新技术。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，innovate的形容词形式是innovative。故填innovative。 12．（2025·广东·二模）Therefore, I can study (energetic) every morning, which makes me study efficiently. 【答案】energetically 【详解】考查副词。句意：因此，每天早上我都能精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率很高。空处应用副词，作状语修饰动词study；energetically为副词，表示“精力充沛地”，符合句意。故填energetically。 13．（2025·广东·二模） (evident), the cashier amazes me with his inspiration and desire to start with smaller, easily achievable goals. 【答案】Evidently 【详解】考查副词。句意：显然，这位收银员的灵感和从更小、更容易实现的目标开始的愿望让我感到惊讶。句中用副词形式作状语，修饰整个句子。首字母大写。故填Evidently。 14．（2021·广东江门·三模）English and German are (close) related. 【答案】closely 【详解】考查副词。句意：德语和英语是密切相关的。根据句意及句子结构可知空处应为副词作状语修饰形容词related，故填closely。 15．（2025·河北衡水·三模）The task was (apparent) more difficult than we had initially imagined. 【答案】apparently 【详解】考查副词。句意：这项任务显然比我们最初想象的更困难。副词apparently作状语修饰形容词。故填apparently。 Passage 1 （2025·全国一卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 1 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. Go is one of 2 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition. “The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope 3 (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” “In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ 4 (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. “The players’ personalities 5 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 6 (try) to beat the opponent 7 no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 8 (strategy) placement of the pieces, 9 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 10 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 【答案】 1. which 2. the 3. to present 4. guidance 5. are revealed 6. tries 7. by 8. strategic/strategical 9. and 10. digitally 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览。 1. 56. 考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2. 考查冠词。句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。 4. 考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。 5. 考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。 6. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 7. 考查介词。句意同上。“by+具体数值”表示“以（某一差值）”，此处指“以一到两分的优势”，符合语境。故填by。 8. 考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement，需用形容词strategic或者strategical“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic/strategical。 9. 64. 考查连词。句意同上。the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, the energy flow following each move三者为并列关系，作并列主语，所以空处需用连词and。故填and。 10. 考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally“数字地”，作状语。故填digitally。 Passage 2 （2023·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 1 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 2 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 3 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 4 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 5 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 6 (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 7 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 8 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 9 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 10 culture of grassroots Beijingers. 【答案】 1. and 2. originally 3. surrounded 4. were permitted 5. featured 6. spacious 7. simpler 8. as 9. events 10. the 【原文】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。 1. 考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。 2. 考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。 4. 考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。 5. 考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。 6. 考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。 7. 考查形容词比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。 8. 考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。 9. 考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。 10. 考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 【点睛】 Passage 3 （2025·浙江宁波·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With profits jumping to nearly 1.3 billion yuan at the box office as of Aug 26, the ink-wash animated film Nobody has broken 1 previous record set by Big Fish & Begonia (2016), making it the highest-earning domestic 2D animated film in Chinese cinema history. The film follows four small monsters — a pig, a toad, a weasel, and an ape — who disguise 2 characters from Journey to the West, seeking to live forever before finding themselves protecting villagers from evil 3 (force). 4 (create) the film’s unique Chinese animation style, Yu Shui, director of the film, and his team conducted field research from northern to southern Shanxi, bringing the beauty of the 5 (province) ancient architecture onto the silver screen. “During production, integrating a large number of Shanxi landmarks and elements of ancient architecture into the film 6 (drive) primarily by the needs of the plot, as these fantastic structures could enhance the film. 7 (additional), it’s because I am from Taiyuan and have a deep emotional connection to these ancient buildings,” Yu said. At the recently 8 (conclude) 7th Shanxi Cultural Industries Fair, Yu invited moviegoers to visit the province 9 inspired its ancient architectural scenes. The director’s invitation highlights a dynamic phenomenon in the country’s creative industries — using advanced technology to revive cultural heritage not within the museums but through engaging and 10 (access) mediums, such as games and films. 【答案】 1. the 2. as 3. forces 4. To create 5. province’s 6. was driven 7. Additionally 8. concluded 9. that/which 10. accessible 【导语】这是一篇说明文。《浪浪山小妖怪》票房近13亿元，破国产2D动画纪录。导演团队采风山西，融入古建元素，借电影等媒介用科技活化文化遗产。 1. 考查冠词。句意：截至8月26日，该水墨动画电影的票房利润已飙升至近13亿元。这部影片打破了此前由《大鱼海棠》Passage 4 （2016年）创下的纪录，成为中国电影史上票房最高的2D动画电影。此处record特指之前的记录，用定冠词。故填the。 2. 考查介词。句意：这部电影讲述的是四个小怪物的故事——一只猪、一只蟾蜍、一只黄鼠狼和一只猿猴，它们装扮成《西游记》中的角色，试图长生不老，却最终发现自己要保护村民免受邪恶势力的侵害。短语disguise as…表示“装扮成……”。故填as。 3. 考查名词的数。句意：这部电影讲述的是四个小怪物的故事——一只猪、一只蟾蜍、一只黄鼠狼和一只猿猴，它们装扮成《西游记》中的角色，试图长生不老，却最终发现自己要保护村民免受邪恶势力的侵害。此处名词force数量大于一用复数形式，作宾语。故填forces。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为打造影片独特的中国动画风格，导演於水及其团队在山西自北向南开展实地采风，将该省古建筑之美搬上了银幕。此处create作目的状语用不定式，首字母大写。故填To create。 5. 考查名词所有格。句意：为打造影片独特的中国动画风格，导演於水及其团队在山西自北向南开展实地采风，将该省古建筑之美搬上了银幕。此处province与architecture构成所属关系，用名词所有格形式。故填province’s。 6. 考查时态语态。句意：在拍摄过程中，将大量山西的地标建筑和古代建筑元素融入影片，主要是出于剧情的需要，因为这些奇幻的建筑能够为影片增色不少。主语film与谓语构成被动关系，且发生在过去用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was driven。 7. 考查副词。句意：“此外，这是因为我来自太原，而且我对这些古老的建筑有着深厚的感情纽带，”於水说道。修饰后文句子用副词additionally，首字母大写。故填Additionally。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在刚刚结束的第七届山西文化产业博览会上，於水邀请观众们前往那个孕育了众多古建筑景观的地方参观游览。此处为非谓语，动词conclude与Fair构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填concluded。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：在刚刚结束的第七届山西文化产业博览会上，於水邀请观众们前往那个孕育了众多古建筑景观的地方参观游览。定语从句修饰先行词province，在从句作主语，指物，故填that/which。 10. 考查形容词。句意：这位导演的邀请突显了该国创意产业中的一种活跃现象：利用先进的技术来重振文化遗产，这些活动并非局限于博物馆内，而是通过具有吸引力且易于理解的媒介来实现，比如游戏和电影。修饰名词mediums用形容词accessible。故填accessible。 Passage 5 （2025·广东肇庆·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Giant Maiji Mountain in Tianshui, Gansu Province, is home to many ancient Buddhist caves, collectively 1 (call) the Maijishan Grottoes (石窟). 2 part of the World Heritage “Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang’ an-Tianshan Corridor” site, Maijishan Grottoes have 221 caves, 161 of which still house Buddhist statues or murals. The cave temple complex 3 (know) as a gallery of Eastern statues, due to its particularly complete chronological sequence of statues, built from the Sixteen Kingdoms period to the Qing Dynasty. However, time has taken its toll on this old site, and heritage protectors have explored 4 (vary) ways to protect it. Over the past eight decades, from establishing files and consolidating (巩固) dangerous rocks to the successful 5 (apply) for World Heritage status, generations of heritage protectors have contributed great efforts to its protection. Mu Changyou is one of the many professionals 6 protect the Maijishan Grottoes. In 1985, Mu received 7 opportunity to work on the mountain where he had grown up, becoming a restorer of the cultural relics in the caves. From an apprentice (学徒) cleaning caves and organizing tools to a master 8 (train) students, Mu has devoted four decades of his life to accompanying and extending the lives of his old friends. “Technology is becoming 9 (increasing) advanced, making our protective endeavors more precise. We want to do our best 10 (extend) the life of this cultural heritage,” said Mu. 【答案】 1. called 2. As 3. is known 4. various/varied 5. application 6. who/that 7. an 8. training 9. increasingly 10. to extend 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了位于甘肃天水的麦积山石窟，它是中国古代佛教艺术的瑰宝，并讲述了文物保护工作者牟常有先生四十年来致力于保护石窟的奉献精神。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：甘肃省天水市的麦积山，是众多古代佛教洞窟的所在地，这些洞窟统称为麦积山石窟。空处在句中作非谓语，call与逻辑主语caves之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。 2. 考查介词。句意：作为世界遗产“丝绸之路：长安—天山廊道的路网”的一部分，麦积山石窟共有221个洞窟，其中161个仍保存着佛教造像或壁画。根据句意可知，此处应用介词as表示“作为”，后接名词短语作宾语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填As。 3. 考查时态和语态。句意：这座洞窟寺庙群被誉为“东方雕塑陈列馆”，因其拥有从十六国时期至清代极为完整的造像编年序列。空处在句中作谓语，主语The cave temple complex与know之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为单数，be动词应用is。故填is known。 4. 考查形容词。句意：然而，时光已对这座古老遗址造成了损耗，遗产保护者们也探索了多种保护方式。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词ways，应用形容词various/varied“各种各样的”。故填various/varied。 5. 考查名词。句意：在过去的八十年里，从建立档案、加固危岩，到成功申报世界遗产，一代代遗产保护者为它的保护付出了巨大努力。空处在句中作介词to的宾语，应用名词application“申请”，为不可数名词。故填application。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：牟常有便是众多守护麦积山石窟的专业人士之一。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为professionals，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 7. 考查冠词。句意：1985年，牟常有获得了一个在自己长大的这座山上工作的机会，成为了洞窟内文物的修复师。此处泛指“一个机会”，应用不定冠词修饰，且opportunity为元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：从一名清理洞窟、整理工具的学徒，到一名培养学生的师傅，牟常有倾注了四十年的光阴，陪伴并延续着这些“老伙计”的生命。空处在句中作非谓语，train与逻辑主语a master之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填training。 9. 考查副词。句意：技术正变得越来越先进，让我们的保护工作更加精准。空处在句中作状语，修饰形容词advanced，应用副词increasingly。故填increasingly。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们想尽最大努力延长这一文化遗产的寿命。空处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to extend。 Passage 6 （2025·浙江湖州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Yangzhou, a city in Jiangsu Province, young people are rushing to a local traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospital, not for medical care, but for bread. Since early April, the hospital 1 (gain) local fame for its special series of breads containing Chinese medicinal herbs. The herbal bread series, 2 (develop) by the Preventive Treatment Center of the hospital, combines culinary (烹饪的) innovation with wellness culture 3 has attracted health-conscious youth as well as food enthusiasts. “The idea came from observing the growing demand among young people for healthier lifestyles and foods 4 can address health problems,” said Chen Wei, deputy director of the center. “TCM dietary therapy is a vital part of preventive healthcare. By making ancient wisdom 5 (access) and delicious, we hope to encourage younger generations to embrace holistic wellness. These breads follow the rising trend of wellness-focused diets, 6 (particular) for those experiencing issues like tiredness or weak immunity. They are in line 7 TCM’s philosophy of ‘preventive treatment’—solving health problems before they appear,” Chen explained. 8 (perfect) the recipes, the team experimented with different methods, such as boiling herbs into liquid blends for dough. After months of trials, six 9 (variety) of bread were launched, priced at about 10 yuan a piece. At first, sales 10 (limit) to a short period each afternoon. However, the subtle herbal aroma and unique flavors quickly won praise from customers. The bread often sold out within minutes. 【答案】 1. has gained 2. developed 3. and 4. that/which 5. accessible 6. particularly 7. with 8. To perfect 9. varieties 10. were limited 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。扬州一中医医院4月初推出含中草药的特色面包，融合烹饪创新与养生文化，受年轻人青睐，贴合中医“治未病”理念，热销不已。 1. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自4月初以来，这家医院因其含中草药的特色系列面包在当地声名鹊起。此空考查谓语动词，主语the hospital与gain为主动关系，再根据时间状语since early April可知，这里应用现在完成时；主语the hospital为单数。故填has gained。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这款草本面包系列由医院治未病中心研发，融合了烹饪创新与养生文化，吸引了注重健康的年轻人和美食爱好者。此空考查非谓语，The herbal bread series与develop之间为被动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用过去分词作后置定语。故填developed。 3. 考查连词。句意：这款草本面包系列由医院治未病中心研发，融合了烹饪创新与养生文化，吸引了注重健康的年轻人和美食爱好者。分析句子结构可知，“combines...”与“has attracted...”为并列谓语，描述面包系列的两个特点，应用连词and连接。故填and。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：该中心副主任陈伟表示：“这个想法源于观察到年轻人对更健康的生活方式和能解决健康问题的食品需求日益增长。” 所填空引导定语从句，先行词是foods，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 5. 考查形容词。句意：通过让古老的智慧变得易懂又美味，我们希望鼓励年轻一代拥抱整体健康理念。分析句子结构可知，这里考查“make + 宾语 + 形容词”，为固定结构，应用动词access的形容词形式accessible，表“易获得的、易懂的”，为形容词，在本句中作宾补，符合语境。故填accessible。 6. 考查副词。句意：这些面包顺应了以健康为导向的饮食新趋势，尤其适合那些有疲劳或免疫力低下等问题的人。所填空修饰介词短语“for those...”，需用形容词particular的副词形式particularly，符合语境。故填particularly。 7. 考查介词。句意：它们符合中医“治未病”的理念 —— 在健康问题出现前就解决它们。这里考查in line with，为固定搭配，意为“符合，与……一致”。故填with。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了完善配方，团队尝试了不同的方法，比如将草药煮成液体混合物加入面团。分析句子结构可知，此处表目的“为了完善配方”，应用动词不定式to perfect作目的状语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填To perfect。 9. 考查名词复数。句意：经过数月的试验，六款面包上市，单价约10元。variety表“种类”，是可数名词，结合six可知，应用复数形式varieties。故填varieties。 10. 考查时态和语态。句意：起初，销售仅限定在每天下午的短时间内。此空考查谓语动词，描述过去的常规安排，应用一般过去时；sales与limit之间为被动关系。故填were limited。 Passage 7 （2025·江西·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Each human body is home to trillions (万亿) of microbes, 1 combined cells may outnumber human cells. There’s no question 2 these microbiomes (微生物组) shape our health. But how, exactly, do they do it? It’s a question that 3 (interest) Sloan Devlin when she was a young researcher fresh out of a PhD program in organic chemistry. In the early 2010s, Devlin had seen many studies and headlines 4 (link) the microbiome with a whole series of diseases. But research explaining why those links existed seemed 5 (increasing) rare. That knowledge gap didn’t scare the young scientist; instead, she said, it “seemed like a breath of fresh air.” She’d been searching for a way to put her chemistry knowledge to use 6 (solve) big, unanswered questions in biology. More than a decade later, she admitted that the thought was too simple. “There are huge 7 (challenge) that come with entering a field that is so 8 (complicate),” wrote Devlin, now an associate professor at Harvard Medical School. How do we begin to study hundreds of species of bacteria 9 (associate) with human, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease. It’s still an open question. But as more chemists like Devlin enter the field, they have helped to push microbiome research into a new stage. What they’ re discovering will be key 10 developing treatments that target the microbiome to improve health. 【答案】 1. whose 2. that 3. interested 4. linking 5. increasingly 6. to solve 7. challenges 8. complicated 9. associated 10. to 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家Sloan Devlin将化学知识应用于微生物组研究，以探索其与疾病的关系。尽管面临挑战，但更多化学家的加入推动了该领域发展，为开发针对微生物组的健康治疗方案奠定基础。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：每个人体都是数万亿微生物的家园，这些微生物的细胞总数可能超过人体细胞。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词microbes，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰名词combined cells，表示所属关系，即“微生物的细胞”，故用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 2. 考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问，这些微生物组影响着我们的健康。空处引导同位语从句，对名词question进行解释说明，从句成分完整，句意明确，故用that引导该从句，that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用。故填that。 3. 考查动词时态。句意：当Sloan Devlin还是一名刚从有机化学博士项目毕业的年轻研究员时，这个问题就引起了她的兴趣。空处为从句的谓语动词，根据后文的was可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填interested。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在21世纪初，Devlin看到了许多将微生物组与一系列疾病联系起来的研究和头条新闻。句中had seen为谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词，且studies and headlines与link之间是主动关系，即“研究和头条新闻将微生物组与疾病联系起来”，故用现在分词作后置定语，修饰studies and headlines。故填linking。 5. 考查副词。句意：但是解释这些联系存在原因的研究似乎越来越少。空处修饰形容词rare，应用副词形式，increasingly表示“越来越多地，日益”，符合题意。故填increasingly。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：她一直在寻找一种方法，利用她的化学知识来解决生物学中重大且未解决的问题。空处为非谓语动词，且此处表示目的，即“为了解决生物学中的问题”，故用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to solve。 7. 考查名词复数。句意：Devlin现在是哈佛医学院的副教授，她写道：“进入一个如此复杂的领域会带来巨大的挑战。”空处为句子主语，且根据空前的are可知，此处应用名词复数形式作主语，challenge表示“挑战”，是可数名词，其复数形式为challenges。故填challenges。 8. 考查形容词。句意：同上。设空处使用形容词作表语，complicate的形容词形式为complicated，表示“复杂的”。故填complicated。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们如何开始研究与人类相关的数百种细菌，寻找可能用于确定疾病原因的相关性。句中begin为谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词，且bacteria与associate之间是被动关系，即“细菌与人类相关”，故用过去分词作后置定语，修饰bacteria。故填associated。 10. 考查介词。句意：他们的发现将是开发针对微生物组以改善健康的治疗方法的关键。be key to表示“是……的关键”，to为介词，符合题意。故填to。 26 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考核心语法·精练 第17讲 形容词&副词-1 2026年高考语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、形容词与副词句法功能表 此表格梳理形容词和副词的核心句法功能，明确两类词在句中可充当的成分及适用场景，结合典型示例帮助理解，是掌握形容词、副词基础应用的关键框架，适配语法填空 “词性判断” 和涉及句子成分分析的题型。 词类 功能 适用规则 示例 形容词 作表语 需搭配连系词（be/feel/look/smell/taste/sound/get/become/grow/keep/appear/turn/seem 等），表主语性质或状态 1. He got angry when he heard the news. 2. Her advice proved helpful in the end. 3. The baby is asleep.（以 a - 开头形容词常作表语） 作定语 1. 常规前置：修饰名词，位于名词前 2. 特殊后置：修饰复合不定代词（something/nothing/anything 等） 3. 多形容词排列：限定词→描绘性形容词→大小 / 长短 / 高矮→新旧→颜色→国籍→材料→用途 1. a healthy life（前置） 2. nothing important（后置） 3. a small round red Chinese wooden table（多形容词排列） 作状语 位于句首或句末，用逗号与其他部分隔开，表原因、伴随或结果 1. Hungry and tired, I have to stop to rest.（原因） 2. She lay in bed, wide awake.（伴随） 3. We arrived home, safe and sound.（结果） 作宾补 1. 用于 “with + 名词 + 形容词” 复合结构 2. 用于 keep/find/make 等动词后，补充说明宾语性质或状态 1. They keep the classroom clean every day. 2. She walked with her hands full of bags. 3. We found the room empty. 副词 作状语 修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，位置灵活（修饰动词可在句中 / 末，修饰句子可在句首） 1. He spoke too loudly.（修饰动词） 2. The movie is quite interesting.（修饰形容词） 3. Fortunately, we caught the bus.（修饰句子） 作定语 通常后置，多修饰表时间、地点的名词，表 “…… 的（时间 / 地点）” 1. The people here are kind. 2. The rooms upstairs need cleaning. 3. I met her on my way home. 作表语 仅限表地点或状态的副词（on/over/up/down/away/alone 等），位于系动词后 1. His favorite show is on tonight. 2. The old man was alone at home. 3. The lights are off. 作宾补 补充说明宾语的位置、状态或动作趋向，使句意更完整 1. He left the lights on when he left. 2. We found the cat upstairs in the bedroom. 3. She asked him to put the books away. 注意事项： 1. 形容词作表语的特殊情况：以 a - 开头的形容词（alone/asleep/afraid/awake 等）多作表语，不可作前置定语（错误：an asleep baby；正确：a sleeping baby）； 2. 副词作定语的位置：必须后置，不可前置（错误：the here people；正确：the people here）； 3. 多形容词排列的优先级：限定词（如 a/the/my）需置于最前，用途类形容词（如 military/medical）需靠近名词，不可颠倒顺序（错误：a Chinese small red wooden table；正确：a small red Chinese wooden table）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The little girl looks ________ (happiness) because she received a lot of lovely gifts on her birthday. 2. I have something ________ (importance) to tell you, so please listen carefully. 3. ________ (Tire) and hungry, the hikers finally reached the top of the mountain before dark. 4. My mother asked me to keep the desk ________ (organize) so that I can find my books easily.【答案】organized 5. The students ________ (presence) at the meeting all agreed with the teacher’s suggestion. 二、形容词词形变化规则表 此表格梳理合成形容词、名词变形容词、动词变形容词的核心规则，明确不同词形转换的后缀搭配及特殊形式，适配语法填空 “词性转换” 题型，帮助掌握形容词的多样化构成方式。 变化类型 具体规则 示例 合成形容词 1. 形容词 / 副词 + 现在分词 2. 副词 + 过去分词 3. 名词 + 现在分词 4. 名词 + 过去分词 5. 形容词 / 数词 + 名词 6. 形容词 / 数词 + 名词 + ed 7. 其他特殊形式 1. easy-going（随和的）、hard-working（勤劳的） 2. well-known（著名的）、low-paid（低薪的） 3. time-consuming（耗时的）、man-eating（吃人的） 4. heart-broken（心碎的）、home-made（自制的） 5. full-time（全职的）、five-year（五年的） 6. absent-minded（心不在焉的）、four-legged（四条腿的） 7. face-to-face（面对面的）、up-to-date（最新的） 名词 + 后缀变形容词 1. +y（多表 “具有…… 特征的”） 2. +ed（多表 “具有…… 特性的”） 3. +ful（表 “充满…… 的”）；+less（表 “无…… 的”） 4. +able（表 “可…… 的”） 5. +ous（表 “具有…… 性质的”） 6. -ce 变 - t（特殊变化） 7. +al（表 “与…… 相关的”） 8. 其他特殊后缀 1. anger→angry（生气的）、health→healthy（健康的） 2. balance→balanced（平衡的）、talent→talented（有天赋的） 3. meaning→meaningful（有意义的）、fear→fearless（无畏的） 4. fashion→fashionable（时尚的）、reason→reasonable（合理的） 5. danger→dangerous（危险的）、fame→famous（著名的） 6. patience→patient（有耐心的）、evidence→evident（明显的） 7. music→musical（音乐的）、medicine→medical（医学的） 8. friend→friendly（友好的）、wood→wooden（木制的） 动词 + 后缀变形容词 1. +ful（表 “充满…… 的”） 2. +ed（表 “感到…… 的”，主语多为人） 3. +ing（表 “令人…… 的”，主语多为物） 4. +ble（表 “可…… 的”） 5. +ive（表 “具有…… 性质的”） 1. thank→thankful（感激的）、cheer→cheerful（快乐的） 2. excite→excited（兴奋的）、surprise→surprised（惊讶的） 3. interest→interesting（有趣的）、develop→developing（发展中的） 4. accept→acceptable（可接受的）、change→changeable（易变的） 5. create→creative（有创造力的）、protect→protective（保护的） 注意事项： 1. 合成形容词的连字符：“数词 + 名词” 构成的合成形容词中，名词需用单数（错误：a five-years plan；正确：a five-year plan）； 2. 名词 + ful/less 的拼写：部分名词需去 e 或变 y 为 i（错误：beauty→beautyful；正确：beauty→beautiful）； 3. 动词 + ed/ing 的语义差异：-ed 形容词表 “人感到……”，-ing 形容词表 “物令人……”（错误：an excited movie；正确：an exciting movie；错误：a boring man；正确：a bored man）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The ________ (home-make) cake tastes much better than the one bought from the shop. 2. It’s ________ (danger) to swim in the deep river without any safety measures. 3. The ________ (excite) children couldn’t wait to open their Christmas presents. 4. This book is full of ________ (meaning) stories that can teach us a lot of life lessons. 5. The ________ (time-consume) project requires a lot of patience and careful planning. 三、形容词变副词及副词种类表 此表格梳理形容词变副词的规则及副词的八大类别，明确不同后缀的适配场景及各类副词的功能，解决 “副词形式转换” 及 “副词分类判断” 的问题，适配语法填空和涉及句子成分分析的题型。 类别 具体规则 / 功能 示例 形容词变副词 1. 一般形容词直接加 - ly 2. 以 - y 结尾：变 y 为 i 加 - ly（y 前为辅音） 3. 以 - ic 结尾：加 - ally 4. 以 - ll 结尾：直接加 - y 5. 以 - ing/-ed 结尾：直接加 - ly 6. 以 - le 结尾：去 e 加 - ly 7. 以 - e 结尾：直接加 - ly（e 前为元音或特殊词） 1. careful→carefully（小心地）、strong→strongly（强烈地） 2. happy→happily（快乐地）、angry→angrily（生气地） 3. basic→basically（基本上）、scientific→scientifically（科学地） 4. full→fully（充分地）、dull→dully（枯燥地） 5. amazing→amazingly（令人惊叹地）、excited→excitedly（兴奋地） 6. simple→simply（仅仅）、gentle→gently（温和地） 7. extreme→extremely（极其）、true→truly（真实地） 副词种类 1. 时间副词：表动作发生时间，可放句首 / 中 / 末 2. 地点副词：表动作发生地点，多放句末 3. 方式副词：表动作方式，多由形容词 + ly 构成 4. 程度副词：表动作 / 状态程度，修饰 adj/adv/ 动词 5. 频度副词：表动作频率，放 be 动词后、实义动词前 6. 疑问副词：用于提问，引导特殊疑问句 7. 连接副词：连接句子 / 从句，表逻辑关系 8. 情态副词：表推测或态度，修饰整个句子 1. now（现在）、yesterday（昨天）、already（已经） 2. here（这里）、abroad（在国外）、home（回家） 3. quickly（快速地）、carefully（仔细地） 4. very（非常）、quite（相当）、hardly（几乎不） 5. always（总是）、sometimes（有时）、never（从不） 6. how（如何）、when（何时）、where（何地） 7. however（然而）、therefore（因此）、besides（此外） 8. maybe（也许）、certainly（当然）、probably（可能） 注意事项： 1. 形容词变副词的特殊拼写：以 - ue 结尾的形容词（如 true）变副词需去 e 加 - ly（错误：true→truely；正确：true→truly）；以 - le 结尾的形容词（如 whole）变副词需去 e 加 - ly（错误：whole→whollyly；正确：whole→wholly）； 2. 频度副词的位置：修饰实义动词时必须置于动词前，修饰 be 动词时置于 be 动词后（错误：He always is late；正确：He is always late；错误：She plays sometimes basketball；正确：She sometimes plays basketball）； 3. 连接副词的逻辑作用：不可直接连接两个句子，需用逗号分隔或加连词（错误：He was ill therefore he didn’t come；正确：He was ill; therefore, he didn’t come 或 He was ill, so he didn’t come）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. She speaks English very ________ (fluent), so she can communicate with foreigners freely. 2. ________ (fortunate), we arrived at the airport just in time to catch the plane. 3. He ________ (quick) finished his homework and went out to play basketball with his friends. 4. My mother goes to the park ________ (regular) to do morning exercises for her health. 5. The scientist explained the complex theory ________ (simple) so that everyone could understand it. 四、易混形容词、副词对比表 此表格针对易混词汇，通过 “语义差异 + 示例” 明确区分规则，解决 “形容词 / 副词误用” 问题，适配语法填空及单项选择中的辨析类题型，帮助规避常见错误。 类别 词汇组 语义差异 示例（正确用法） 易混形容词 respectful vs respectable vs respective 1. respectful：（人）尊敬他人的 2. respectable：（人 / 事物）值得尊敬的 3. respective：各自的 1. We should be respectful to the elderly. 2. He is a respectable scientist. 3. They took their respective seats. alone vs lonely 1. alone：（副词 / 形容词）独自的，无感情色彩 2. lonely：（形容词）孤独的，有感情色彩 1. She lives alone but doesn’t feel lonely. 2. The lonely child needs care. sensitive vs sensible 1. sensitive：敏感的，易受影响的 2. sensible：明智的，合理的 1. She is sensitive to cold. 2. It’s sensible to take an umbrella. asleep vs sleepy 1. asleep：睡着的，多作表语 2. sleepy：瞌睡的，可作定语 / 表语 1. The baby is asleep. 2. I feel sleepy in class. economic vs economical 1. economic：与经济相关的 2. economical：节约的，实惠的 1. economic development（经济发展） 2. an economical car（经济型汽车） 易混形容词副词 so vs such 1. so：副词，修饰形容词 / 副词 / 动词 2. such：形容词，修饰名词 1. The task is so difficult. 2. It’s such a difficult task. good vs well 1. good：形容词，作定语 / 表语 2. well：副词，修饰动词；形容词（表 “身体好”） 1. She is a good singer. 2. He sings well./He is well.（身体好） many vs much 1. many：形容词，修饰可数名词复数 2. much：形容词 / 副词，修饰不可数名词 / 动词 1. many books 2. much water/much love（修饰名词）；thank you much（修饰动词） 两种形式副词 deep vs deeply 1. deep：本义（空间 / 时间），无感情色彩 2. deeply：引申义（情感），有感情色彩 1. They talked deep into the night. 2. He was deeply moved. high vs highly 1. high：本义（高度），无感情色彩 2. highly：引申义（评价），有感情色彩 1. Birds fly high. 2. We think highly of her. close vs closely 1. close：本义（距离近），无感情色彩 2. closely：引申义（密切地），有感情色彩 1. They sat close. 2. We watched him closely. hard vs hardly 1. hard：努力地，猛烈地 2. hardly：几乎不，表否定 1. He works hard. 2. He hardly eats meat. 注意事项： 1. 易混形容词的语境适配：需结合语义判断情感色彩（如 alone 无感情，lonely 有负面情感），不可随意替换； 2. so/such 的修饰对象：so 后接形容词 / 副词（so fast），such 后接名词（such a fast car），不可混淆（错误：such fast；正确：so fast）； 3. 两种形式副词的语义边界：本义副词（deep/high）多与具体场景相关，引申义副词（deeply/highly）多与抽象情感或评价相关，需结合语境区分。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. We should be ________ (respect) to our parents and teachers who have given us a lot of care. 2. The old man lives alone in the small village, but he never feels ________ (alone) because of the friendly neighbors. 3. It’s ________ (sense) of you to bring an umbrella on such a rainy day. 4. She works very hard every day, but she ________ (hard) has any time to relax. 5. The movie was so ________ (interest) that all the audience were deeply ________ (interest) in it. 五、形容词化的分词用法表 此表格梳理 - ing 和 - ed 形式形容词的核心区别及适用场景，解决 “分词形容词误用” 问题，适配语法填空 “分词形式选择” 题型，帮助准确判断分词形容词的适用语境。 类型 核心语义 适用场景 示例 -ing 形容词 1. 表 “令人…… 的”（主语多为物） 2. 表 “正在…… 的”（表动作进行） 3. 表 “即将…… 的”（表动作趋势） 1. 描述事物对人的影响 2. 修饰正在进行动作的名词 3. 修饰即将发生动作的名词 1. an interesting story（令人感兴趣的故事） 2. an escaping thief（正在逃跑的小偷） 3. a retiring teacher（即将退休的老师） -ed 形容词 1. 表 “感到…… 的”（主语多为人） 2. 表 “已经…… 的”（表动作完成） 3. 表 “受到…… 的”（表被动状态） 1. 描述人对事物的感受 2. 修饰已完成动作的名词 3. 修饰处于被动状态的名词 1. an interested boy（感到感兴趣的男孩） 2. a retired teacher（已经退休的老师） 3. a wounded soldier（受伤的士兵） 注意事项： 1. 主语与人 / 物的匹配：-ing 形容词主语多为物，-ed 形容词主语多为人（错误：a bored movie；正确：a boring movie；错误：an exciting man；正确：an excited man）； 2. 特殊 - ed 形容词的语义：部分 - ed 形容词（如 broken/damaged）可修饰物，表 “处于被动状态”（如 a broken cup），需结合语义判断； 3. 避免重复冗余：“too+ing 形容词” 表 “过于……”（如 too boring 表 “太无聊”），不可与 “very” 混淆语义，需根据语境选择合适修饰词。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The ________ (break) window was broken by a naughty boy who was playing football nearby. 2. The ________ (surprise) news made all of us jump with joy. 3. We saw a ________ (run) man rushing into the building with a bag in his hand. 4. The ________ (retire) teacher still often comes back to school to see the students she used to teach. 5. The ________ (disappoint) result made the players feel very ________ (disappoint). 一、语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·河北衡水·三模）These machines are designed to perform very (predict) activities. 2．（2022·河北衡水·模拟预测）Critics say these programmes are (base) bad television, but people watch them. 3．（2025·广东·二模）After a (poet) and fascinating experience, they emerged from the forest, and found themselves greeted by the familiar city lights that twinkled in the distance. 4．（2025·广东·二模）Local authorities have taken a series of measures to strengthen the systematic protection of Li brocade (织锦缎) and the development of Li brocade, which is so (benefit) to the survival of the traditional skills. 5．（2021·陕西西安·模拟预测） (expect) as she had appeared, not one of them felt that she was an intruder at all. 6．（2025·河北衡水·二模）The new park is designed to be (access) to people with disabilities. 7．（2021·陕西西安·模拟预测）She is still (finance) dependent on her parents. 8．（2025·江苏盐城·二模）That was a (degrade) experience for her. 9．（2025·河北衡水·二模）Every student should learn to solve problems (creative) by thinking outside the box. 10．（2025·江苏盐城·二模）Her (infect) laughter filled the room and made everyone feel happy. 11．（2025·江苏盐城·模拟预测）Research into the brilliant blue wings of a species of butterfly has led to (innovate) technologies since scientists uncovered the secret behind their bright colour. 12．（2025·广东·二模）Therefore, I can study (energetic) every morning, which makes me study efficiently. 13．（2025·广东·二模） (evident), the cashier amazes me with his inspiration and desire to start with smaller, easily achievable goals. 14．（2021·广东江门·三模）English and German are (close) related. 15．（2025·河北衡水·三模）The task was (apparent) more difficult than we had initially imagined. Passage 1 （2025·全国一卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 1 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. Go is one of 2 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition. “The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope 3 (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” “In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ 4 (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. “The players’ personalities 5 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 6 (try) to beat the opponent 7 no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 8 (strategy) placement of the pieces, 9 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 10 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. Passage 2 （2023·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 1 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 2 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 3 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 4 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 5 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 6 (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 7 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 8 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 9 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 10 culture of grassroots Beijingers. Passage 3 （2025·浙江宁波·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With profits jumping to nearly 1.3 billion yuan at the box office as of Aug 26, the ink-wash animated film Nobody has broken 1 previous record set by Big Fish & Begonia (2016), making it the highest-earning domestic 2D animated film in Chinese cinema history. The film follows four small monsters — a pig, a toad, a weasel, and an ape — who disguise 2 characters from Journey to the West, seeking to live forever before finding themselves protecting villagers from evil 3 (force). 4 (create) the film’s unique Chinese animation style, Yu Shui, director of the film, and his team conducted field research from northern to southern Shanxi, bringing the beauty of the 5 (province) ancient architecture onto the silver screen. “During production, integrating a large number of Shanxi landmarks and elements of ancient architecture into the film 6 (drive) primarily by the needs of the plot, as these fantastic structures could enhance the film. 7 (additional), it’s because I am from Taiyuan and have a deep emotional connection to these ancient buildings,” Yu said. At the recently 8 (conclude) 7th Shanxi Cultural Industries Fair, Yu invited moviegoers to visit the province 9 inspired its ancient architectural scenes. The director’s invitation highlights a dynamic phenomenon in the country’s creative industries — using advanced technology to revive cultural heritage not within the museums but through engaging and 10 (access) mediums, such as games and films. Passage 5 （2025·广东肇庆·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Giant Maiji Mountain in Tianshui, Gansu Province, is home to many ancient Buddhist caves, collectively 1 (call) the Maijishan Grottoes (石窟). 2 part of the World Heritage “Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang’ an-Tianshan Corridor” site, Maijishan Grottoes have 221 caves, 161 of which still house Buddhist statues or murals. The cave temple complex 3 (know) as a gallery of Eastern statues, due to its particularly complete chronological sequence of statues, built from the Sixteen Kingdoms period to the Qing Dynasty. However, time has taken its toll on this old site, and heritage protectors have explored 4 (vary) ways to protect it. Over the past eight decades, from establishing files and consolidating (巩固) dangerous rocks to the successful 5 (apply) for World Heritage status, generations of heritage protectors have contributed great efforts to its protection. Mu Changyou is one of the many professionals 6 protect the Maijishan Grottoes. In 1985, Mu received 7 opportunity to work on the mountain where he had grown up, becoming a restorer of the cultural relics in the caves. From an apprentice (学徒) cleaning caves and organizing tools to a master 8 (train) students, Mu has devoted four decades of his life to accompanying and extending the lives of his old friends. “Technology is becoming 9 (increasing) advanced, making our protective endeavors more precise. We want to do our best 10 (extend) the life of this cultural heritage,” said Mu. Passage 6 （2025·浙江湖州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Yangzhou, a city in Jiangsu Province, young people are rushing to a local traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospital, not for medical care, but for bread. Since early April, the hospital 1 (gain) local fame for its special series of breads containing Chinese medicinal herbs. The herbal bread series, 2 (develop) by the Preventive Treatment Center of the hospital, combines culinary (烹饪的) innovation with wellness culture 3 has attracted health-conscious youth as well as food enthusiasts. “The idea came from observing the growing demand among young people for healthier lifestyles and foods 4 can address health problems,” said Chen Wei, deputy director of the center. “TCM dietary therapy is a vital part of preventive healthcare. By making ancient wisdom 5 (access) and delicious, we hope to encourage younger generations to embrace holistic wellness. These breads follow the rising trend of wellness-focused diets, 6 (particular) for those experiencing issues like tiredness or weak immunity. They are in line 7 TCM’s philosophy of ‘preventive treatment’—solving health problems before they appear,” Chen explained. 8 (perfect) the recipes, the team experimented with different methods, such as boiling herbs into liquid blends for dough. After months of trials, six 9 (variety) of bread were launched, priced at about 10 yuan a piece. At first, sales 10 (limit) to a short period each afternoon. However, the subtle herbal aroma and unique flavors quickly won praise from customers. The bread often sold out within minutes. Passage 7 （2025·江西·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Each human body is home to trillions (万亿) of microbes, 1 combined cells may outnumber human cells. There’s no question 2 these microbiomes (微生物组) shape our health. But how, exactly, do they do it? It’s a question that 3 (interest) Sloan Devlin when she was a young researcher fresh out of a PhD program in organic chemistry. In the early 2010s, Devlin had seen many studies and headlines 4 (link) the microbiome with a whole series of diseases. But research explaining why those links existed seemed 5 (increasing) rare. That knowledge gap didn’t scare the young scientist; instead, she said, it “seemed like a breath of fresh air.” She’d been searching for a way to put her chemistry knowledge to use 6 (solve) big, unanswered questions in biology. More than a decade later, she admitted that the thought was too simple. “There are huge 7 (challenge) that come with entering a field that is so 8 (complicate),” wrote Devlin, now an associate professor at Harvard Medical School. How do we begin to study hundreds of species of bacteria 9 (associate) with human, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease. It’s still an open question. But as more chemists like Devlin enter the field, they have helped to push microbiome research into a new stage. What they’ re discovering will be key 10 developing treatments that target the microbiome to improve health. 9 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $