专题07 非谓语动词（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，全国通用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题07 非谓语动词 目录 学考要求速览...............................................................................................................1 必备知识梳理...............................................................................................................1 高频考点精讲...............................................................................................................6 进阶分级练.................................................................................................................10 1. 掌握非谓语动词基本式和各种形式 2. 掌握非谓语动词的句法功能 3. 熟练运用非谓语动词作状语、宾语和补语。 （一）非谓语动词的整体理解 非谓语动词指的是在句子中不能作谓语的动词，它没有人称和数的变化，主要包括不定式、现在分词(动词-ing)和过去分词。非谓语动词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。 重要性体现：在英语语言表达中起着关键作用，能够准确传达动作的时间先后、主动被动关系以及各种逻辑关系，帮助构建更为复杂和精确的句子，以满足不同语境下的表达需求。 （二）学考重点关注方向 形式辨析与选择：要求学生能够准确识别非谓语动词的各种形式（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）及其不同时态、语态的构成，并且根据句子的具体语境和语法规则，正确选用合适的非谓语动词形式来完成句子，确保句子在语法和语义上的正确性。 句法功能掌握：熟练掌握非谓语动词在句子中可充当的各种句法功能，如作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等，明确不同功能下非谓语动词形式的常见用法和搭配，以便准确理解和构建包含非谓语动词的句子。 特定用法及易错点：特别关注一些非谓语动词的特定用法，如某些动词后接非谓语动词的固定搭配（如接不定式作宾语的动词、接动名词作宾语的动词等），以及一些容易混淆的情况（如不定式和动名词作宾语时意义上的区别、非谓语动词主动形式表示被动意义的情况等），避免在考试中出现错误。 如何确定是否作非谓语 确定非谓语动词两步骤 第一步：确定是否为非谓语动词 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。 第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式 1．提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时常用动词-ing形式； 用法 例句 动名词作主语 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数 Seeing it once is better than being told 100 times. 百闻不如一见。 动名词作宾语 动名词可以作介词的宾语也可以作动词的宾语 I'm sorry for having kept you waiting so long. 对不起让你久等了。 Have you considered making contributions to your hometown after graduation? 你考虑过毕业后为家乡做贡献吗？ 动名词作定语 表示被修饰名词的性质、用途、功能和属性 It was a luxury if you had a washing machine in those days. 那时候有洗衣机就算奢侈了。 动名词和现在分词作表语 动名词作表语说明主语的内容；现在分词作表语说明主语的性质 My job is teaching. 我的工作是教书。 The news is exciting. 这条新闻很振奋人心。 现在分词作状语 ①doing：表示主动的动作，可以表示原因、条件、伴随、自然而然的结果等 ②having done：表示主动，该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前 ③having been done：表示被动、完成的动作 He ran too fast, falling to the ground. 他跑得太快了，结果摔倒在地上。 Not having received any reply, he decided to write again. 没有收到回复，他决定再写一封信。 Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. 长期与其他大陆分离，澳大利亚有许多其他国家没有的珍奇物种。 现在分词作定语 ①doing: 表示主动的动作，如果是­ing短语，要置于所修饰的名词之后 ②being done：作后置定语，表示被动、且正在进行的动作 The flowers smelling sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature. 植物园里闻起来很香的花吸引大批游客来欣赏大自然的美。 The question being discussed at the meeting now is very important. 正在会议上讨论的问题很重要。 现在分词作宾语补足语 表示主动或正在进行的动作 I can see some kids playing on the playground. 我可以看到一些孩子在操场上玩耍。 2．提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用过去分词形式。 知识点一　动名词 & 现在分词 (doing) 注意：常见的后面接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)有： 动词(短语) 后接动词的形式 意义 finish, practice, enjoy, mind, avoid, admit, appreciate, feel like, suggest, stand, risk, consider, escape, miss, delay, dislike, imagine, understand, look forward to, insist on, be busy, can't help, get down to, be worth ＋doing 词义不变 动词 后接动词的形式 意义 continue, like, love, begin, start, learn ＋doing 意义基本相同 ＋to do go on, remember, forget, regret, mean, stop ＋doing 意义不同 ＋to do advise, allow, permit, forbid, encourage ＋doing “建议/允许/禁止/鼓励”做某事 ＋sb to do sth “建议/允许/禁止/鼓励”某人做某事 续表 知识点二　过去分词(done) 用法 例句 作状语 表示被动的动作，相当于状语从句，可以表示时间、原因、条件等，可以转换为相应的状语从句 Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful. 从山顶看，这座城市显得格外美丽。 状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语 I won't go to the party unless invited. 我不去参加聚会，除非受到邀请。 作定语 表示被动，相当于省略了 “which/that＋be”的定语从句。过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前 The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。 The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。 作宾语补足语 在表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾补。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等 I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 在表示“致使”意义的动词后作宾补。如：have, get, keep, leave等 I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 make后面接反身代词，接过去分词作宾补，表示“使自己被……” He spoke in a louder voice in order to make himself heard. 他大声讲话，以便让别人听到。 作表语 常常用来修饰人的状态或感受。但是修饰人的表情也常常用过去分词形式的形容词 The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。 知识点三　不定式(to do) 用法 例句 作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 不定式作主语时，可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语置于后面。即用“It is＋形容词/名词＋(for/of sb) to do sth”来代替。表示人的品质的形容词后用of To get there by air will take you only about two hours. 坐飞机去那里将只花费你两个小时。 It is kind of you to have given us so much help. 你真好，给予我们这么多的帮助。 作表语 当主语部分有what/all/everything不定代词和实义动词do(表示“做”)的某种形式，那么作表语可以不带to What we should do at the moment is (to) study hard. 目前我们要做的就是努力学习。 作宾语 常接不定式作宾语的动词：afford, agree, arrange, ask, care, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, aim, fail, long, happen, hesitate, struggle, attempt, volunteer, desire等 He agreed to join us in singing. 他同意和我们一起唱歌。 作宾语补足语 常接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词有：allow, ask, beg, cause, command, elect, forbid, force, get, help, intend, invite, would like, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, teach, tell, remind, train, want, warn, wish, advise, encourage, instruct, urge等 Try to persuade him to come. 尽量说服他来。 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：feel, hear, listen to, have, help, let, make, notice, see, watch等 We listened to him play a piece by Chopin on the piano. 我们倾听他用钢琴演奏肖邦的曲子。 作状语 不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果、原因、程度等。不定式作目的状语，常常置于句首，如果置于主句后，不定式前面常常没有逗号 To realize our dreams, we must work hard. 实现梦想，我们必须努力。 作定语 往往表示要做的事情 He has nothing to do. 他无事可做。 知识点一　动名词 & 现在分词 (doing) 例1　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.” 例2　(2021·全国甲卷)After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 例3　(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered. 1．The ancient building remained, (function) as shelters for many homeless people. 2．Artificial Intelligence participates in our daily events, (extend) our intelligence, comprehending our feelings, and expanding the range of social activities. 3．Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists (ruin) the atmosphere of peace? 4．The bomb exploded, (trap) victims in the building. 5．The decorations represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 知识点二　过去分词(done) 例1　They make great gifts and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 例2　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants. 例3．Firemen had to break the door down to reach the people (trap) in the house. 1．The hardworking college student has read all the books (recommend) by his professor. 2． (inspire) by the documentary, the students planted 500 trees on the hillside. 3．The ancient temple, (locate) in the mountains, attracts thousands of tourists every year. 4．Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section (sign). 5． (design) for children under six, this toy has won great popularity. 知识点三　不定式(to do) 例1　(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 例2　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 例3　(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 1．Passengers are reminded (take) all their personal belongings with them when they leave the plane. 2．Mark volunteered (ride) the bus with Susan each morning and evening until she could manage it by herself. 3．He hurried to the station, only (inform) that the train had left. 4．The government troops were forced (withdraw). 5．The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 一、单项选择 1．It is our responsibility ________ our environment and we are making progress. A．protecting B．protect C．to protect D．being protected 2．________ his name called, the boy immediately stood up from his seat. A．Heard B．Hearing C．Hear D．To hear 3．—Why does Tom look so disappointed? —He regrets not ________ for his interview. He wasn’t selected. A．preparing B．to prepare C．prepared D．have prepared 4．________ the audience, the speaker prepared a detailed and engaging presentation. A．Impressing B．To impress C．Being impressed D．Impressed 5．The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________ in the next school year. A．to carry out B．carrying out C．being carried out D．carried out 6．The city temperatures have returned from low to normal, ________the citizens ________ the outdoors again. A．allowing; to enjoy B．being allowed; enjoying C．having allowed; enjoying D．having been allowed; to enjoy 7．I borrowed a book _________ by J. K. Rowling from the library last week. A．written B．was written C．to write D．writing 8．________ to the villages on time, the supplies saved many lives after the earthquake. A．Delivery B．Delivered C．Delivery D．Being delivered 9．He lit a small fire in the dark cave, ________ a match carefully with cold hands. A．strike B．striking C．struck D．to strike 10．________ by the beautiful scenery, the tourists couldn’t help but take out their cameras. A．Attracting B．To attract C．Attracted D．Having attracted 11．________ the data, scientists drew a conclusion that there used to be ice on Mars. A．Being analyzed B．Analyzed C．To analyze D．Having analyzed 12．His mind _________on his work, he didn’t notice my appearance. A．concentrates B．concentrating C．concentrated D．to concentrate 13．The scientist conducted the experiment, _________precise records of every reaction that occurred. A．kept B．to keep C．having kept D．keeping 14．He stood at the window, his eyes_________ on the heavy rain pouring down outside for hours. A．having  fixed B．to fix C．fixed D．fixing 15．_________ herself to the cause of science, she didn’t have time to take care of her family. A．Devoting B．Devoted C．Having devoted D．Being devoted 二、语法填空 1．The program aims (educate) and prepare students for a challenging career. 2．During the summer months, he would take extra classes, and he ended up (graduate) a year early. 3．Those students who are addicted to (play) games all day long always have difficulty in getting on with others. 4．The teacher warned the students not (leave) the laboratory without permission. 5． (Expose) to different cultures through travel can broaden one's perspective. 6．Three protesters got (arrest) during the demonstration for blocking traffic. 7．Volunteers are busy (distribute) relief supplies to the flood-affected areas. 8．The times (list) on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. 9．Although Jason Harley had lots of money, he was tired of (regard) as a successful person. 10．Twelve passengers are missing, (presume) dead. 一、阅读理解 A It doesn’t seem logical that a five-foot, seven-inch young man from Argentina could somehow turn into the world’s best soccer player. A person diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency and without the economic resources to pay for the expensive treatment to treat that condition would also not be an ideal candidate to inherit the title of “World’s Best” from the likes of Diego Maradona, Ronaldo, or Pelé. But Lionel Messi defies (违抗) logic and has regularly done so since he joined his first soccer team when he was only four years old. Quite simply, there has never been a player like Messi who could continue, week in and week out, to defy the limits of the sport and continually surprise the entire sports world. Even athletes from other sports have expressed their disbelief at Messi’s exploits on the field. NBA basketball star Kobe Bryant has said that Messi is the “greatest athlete that I’ve ever seen”. When we watch Messi on the field, it is easy to assume that Messi is simply a genius to play soccer at levels never before seen. Carlos Tévez, Messi’s teammate on the Argentinean national team, says that “Messi is from another planet”. But is that where Lionel Messi’s talent comes from? Is he a sort of Superman with supernatural soccer abilities? Our journey into the life story of Lionel Messi will show that Messi’s rising to fame is the result of a life of struggle and sacrifice. We will see how an undersized boy from Argentina defied the odds and overcame numerous obstacles to become one of soccer’s most important players… of all time. Javier Mascherano, Messi’s current Barcelona and Argentina teammate, says that “although he may not be human, it’s good that Messi still thinks he is”. Lionel Messi’s modesty, shyness and quiet public behaviours spring from his own recognition of his humanity, characterized by a life of sacrifice. 1．What does the author think of Lionel Messi’s success? A．It’s reasonable. B．It’s unexpected. C．It comes too late. D．It comes naturally. 2．Which proverb best describes Lionel Messi’s success according to Paragraph 4? A．Hard work pays off. B．Interest is the best teacher. C．Confidence leads to victory. D．Fortune favours the prepared mind. 3．How does the author try to prove his point in the text? A．By listing some facts. B．By giving some examples. C．By borrowing some words. D．By making some comparisons. 4．What is the author’s tone like in the text? A．curious. B．doubtful C．admiring. D．surprising. B Lisa was running late. Lisa, 25, had a lot to do at work, plus visitors on the way: her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortably warm. By the time she got to the platform, Lisa felt weak and tired — maybe it hadn’t been a good idea to give blood the night before, she thought. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks. Several yards away, Frank, 43, and his girlfriend, Jennifer, found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop. They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying. But when he heard the scream, followed by someone yelling, “Oh, my God, she fell in!” Frank didn’t hesitate. He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. “No! Not you!” his girlfriend screamed after him. She was right to be alarmed. By the time Frank reached Lisa, he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming. The train was about 20 seconds from the station. It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grips and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground, and saw someone else holding her purse. Lisa thought she’d been robbed. A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head. And she tried to talk but she couldn’t, and that was when she realized how much pain she was in. Police and fire officials soon arrived, and Frank told the story to an officer. Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40-minute train ride downtown — just as he had been seconds after the rescue, which made her think about her reaction at the time. “I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die,” she explained. 5．What was the most probable cause for Lisa’s weakness? A．She had run a long way. B．She felt hot in the subway. C．She had done a lot of work. D．She had donated blood the night before. 6．Why did Jennifer try to stop her boyfriend? A．Because they would miss their train: B．Because he didn’t see the train coming. C．Because she was sure Lisa was hard to lift. D．Because she was afraid the train would kill him. 7．How did Frank save Lisa? A．By lifting her to the platform. B．By helping her rise to her feet. C．By pulling her along the ground. D．By dragging her away from the edge. 8．When did Lisa become conscious again? A．When the train was leaving. B．After she was back on the platform. C．After the police and fire officials came. D．When a man was cleaning the blood from her head. C Common water plants could provide a green energy source. Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants. Transferring such plant oil into biodiesel (生物柴油) for transportation and heating could be a big part of a more sustainable future. For a new study, researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil per acre than soybeans. John Shanklin, a biochemist, says further research could double the engineered duckweed’s oil output in the next few years. Unlike fossil fuels, which form underground, biofuels can be refreshed faster than they are used. Fuels made from new and used vegetable oils, animal fat and seaweed can have a lower carbon footprint than fossil fuels do, but there has been a recent negative view against them. This is partly because so many crops now go into energy production rather than food; biofuels take up more than 100 million acres of the world’s agricultural land. Duckweed, common on every continent but Antarctica, is among the world’s most productive plants, and the researchers suggest it could be a game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons. First, it grows readily in water, so it wouldn’t compete with food crops for agricultural land. Second, duckweed can grow fast in agricultural pollution released into the water. Third, Shanklin and his team found a way to avoid a major biotechnological barrier. For the new study, Shanklin says, the researchers added an oil-producing gene, “turning it on like a light switch” by introducing a particular molecule (分子) only when the plant had finished growing. Shanklin says, “If it replicates (自我复制) in other species — and there’s no reason to think that it would not — this can solve one of our biggest issues, which is how we can make more oil in more plants without negatively affecting growth.” To expand production to industrial levels, scientists will need to design and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil — a challenge, Shanklin says, because duckweed is a non-mainstream crop without much existing infrastructure (基础设施). 9．What can people get from duckweed first-hand? A．Plant oil. B．Stable diesel. C．Sustainable water. D．Natural heat. 10．What does paragraph 4 mainly convey? A．Options for renewable energy. B．Reasons for engineering genes. C．The potential of the revolutionary energy source. D．The approach to avoiding agricultural pollution. 11．What is the decisive factor to mass-produce the plant? A．Industrial levels. B．Unique design. C．Academic research. D．Basic facilities. 12．What would be the best title for the text? A．Duckweed Power B．Duckweed Production C．Genetic Engineering D．Genetic Testing D Laura Mitchell, a cycling enthusiast, believes bikes bring kids independence and joy. Yet when teaching her 6 and 9-year-olds to ride, she had to use a school parking lot — their neighborhood has dangerous roads and intersections. Now skilled riders, the kids still can’t cycle unsupervised (无人监督的). Mitchell worries about road safety, not her kids’ rule-following, admitting, “It’s chaotic out there, and I’ve had close calls.” America’s roads have grown more chaotic in decades: higher speed limits, bigger vehicles, and more aggressive, phone-distracted drivers. Though child injuries or deaths from cars while walking or biking have fallen since the 1970s, the CDC says this is because fewer kids go outside, not safer streets. This creates a cycle: drivers unaccustomed to kids drive less safely, causing more accidents. Thus, parents are more anxious and restrictive. Peter Gray, a Boston College professor, notes that fewer kids are outside, which isn’t just for fear of cars. Since the 1980s, society has seen kids as fragile, shrinking their ability to explore independently. He argues childhood’s purpose is building independence, and without it, kids miss out on growing up. Though he advocates for kids’ freedom, he won’t let his 5-year-old granddaughter bike outside — her road has no sidewalks and speeding cars. Esther Walker, from youth cycling nonprofit Outride, says fewer kids walk or bike to school. Outride works with over 400 American and Canadian schools to teach safe riding. 20-50% of middle-schoolers in the program have never touched a bike. After the program, kids value the freedom, confidence, joy, and new friendships biking brings. Some parents advocate for safer communities. San Francisco’s Mahdi Rahimi started Safe Streets Bernal to push for better intersection visibility, lower speeds, and protected bike lanes, hoping his kids can walk to the store alone. Eric and Mary Beth Olson’s 5-year-old daughter Sidney was killed by a tractor-trailer in 2023. They founded the Rainbow Fund to improve child safety after learning neighbors also avoided the dangerous intersection. Mitchell now leads Our Streets, a transit safety nonprofit. She notes parents should push for safer spaces, prepare kids for dangers, and wait for the right time to let them explore. 13．What is Laura Mitchell concerned about? A．Traffic safety. B．Kids’ growth. C．Kids’ independence. D．Cycling rules. 14．What does paragraph 2 mainly illustrate? A．Parents’ anxiety and expectation. B．Current dangerous road situation. C．Declining road accidents in America. D．Present condition of American vehicles. 15．What does the author want to convey by the cases of Gray and Walker? A．Vehicle speeds must be limited. B．Kids’ freedom needs safer roads. C．Cycling to school requires more attention. D．Kids’ exploring abilities are to be enhanced. 16．Why do some parents establish organizations? A．To create safer environment for kids. B．To arouse drivers’ safety awareness. C．To call for government recognition. D．To build up community responsibility. 七选五 How to Do a Self-Analysis You are always growing and changing based on your personality and life experiences. Therefore, it’s important to regularly take time to conduct a self-analysis. 17 Here are some tips on conducting a self-analysis. Assessing your self-esteem (自尊) Start by reflecting on childhood experiences. Ask yourself: Did people listen to you? Were your achievements recognized? These help shape your self-perception. Keep a journal to track your mood shifts. Each change usually connects to your inner voice, which either encourages you or makes you feel bad. So, whenever your mood is about to change, write down the thoughts that come to your mind. 18 . Understanding your personality Use the “Big Five” traits. They reveal key parts of your personality for interacting with others. Draw five vertical lines on paper. Label them with “Extraversion”, “Neuroticism”, “Conscientiousness”, “Agreeableness” and “Openness to Experience”. 19 his helps you understand why you act the way you do. Making a self-assessment List what you achieved in the past year. If you find it hard to remember your achievements, use the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result). 20 . Also, write down the areas where you want to improve. It is very important to be objective during your self-analysis. 21 Some people think therapy is only for big, unsolvable problems. However, that’s far from the truth. A consultant or therapist can help you with self-analysis. They are trained and fair, and they understand the common thinking mistakes people make. Consistently practice these self-analysis methods and you’ll know yourself better and make progress steadily. A．Examining your health status B．Seeking help from professionals C．This allows you to highlight your value D．Then rate yourself “High” or “Low” on each E．Changing, good or bad, can bring stress as you adapt F．They often reflect how you see yourself, others, and the world G．It helps you reflect on where you are in various aspects of your life 二、完形填空 Ella, together with her dad and grandma, moved to Alaska when dad got a railroad job there. Ella loved the new place 22 . Grandma, though, hated it. She 23 about the bone-chilling cold. She spent her days by the window, her knitting needles idle in her lap, longing for the Kansas sun and her 24 . Ella’s worry grew into a tight knot in her chest. 25 , she turned to her new friend, Sarah, and her kind aunt, Grace. “She 26 her sunflowers,” Ella explained. Grace suggested making a sunflower-patterned quilt. The three secretly sewed it, using 27 threads for sunflowers Ella fetched from home. Yet Ella soon noticed grandma growing 28 — she even cried one day, saying, “I’m so 29 .” Ella realized she’d been so busy sewing that she’d 30 grandma. What grandma needed wasn’t a quilt, but 31 . Ella took grandma to Sarah’s house, where she 32 the quilt project. Tears filled grandma’s eyes. “You did this for me?” She 33 them, and the four sewed together. They talked, 34 stories of Kansas and Alaska, laughed at Sarah’s jokes, and listened to Grace’s wisdom. Grandma’s skilled fingers guided the younger ones, her laughter joining theirs. Ella knew then that they weren’t just sewing a quilt; they were 35 her grandmother’s heart, and in doing so, they were building a new 36 , together, under the vast Alaskan sky. 22．A．consequently B．instantly C．finally D．casually 23．A．worried B．inquired C．complained D．commented 24．A．quilts B．garden C．neighborhood D．sunflowers 25．A．Desperate B．Confused C．Disappointed D．Awkward 26．A．admires B．cuts C．misses D．plants 27．A．strong B．bright C．expensive D．rare 28．A．weaker B．older C．stranger D．sadder 29．A．exhausted B．worthless C．hopeless D．homesick 30．A．deserted B．neglected C．blamed D．spoiled 31．A．encouragement B．help C．company D．pity 32．A．revealed B．evaluated C．accomplished D．designed 33．A．comforted B．observed C．congratulated D．joined 34．A．shared B．read C．invented D．adapted 35．A．opening B．winning C．softening D．mending 36．A．relationship B．life C．identity D．style 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Once buried in the dust of archaeological sites, oracle bone inscriptions(甲骨文) are now breathing new vitality into contemporary culture in various areas. In the field of design, these age-old characters have evolved into trendy elements. A well-known clothing brand, for instance, launched a T-shirt collection 37 (feature) oracle bone inscriptions. The unique combination appealed to young consumers, contributing to a rapid sell-out online. Digital media has also served as 38 bridge to popularize this ancient writing. A short video series 39 (title) Oracle Bone Stories has gained over 10 million views, each episode 40 (creative) employing animations to explain the origin of a character. Education is another stage 41 oracle bone inscriptions are making their mark. Many high schools in China have included oracle bone studies in their 42 (option) courses. Students practice copying basic characters and interpreting their meanings, which fosters a deeper affection 43 Chinese culture. A student shared, “I used to find ancient writing boring, but now I realize each character is like a fascinating story.” Therefore, this ancient cultural heritage 44 (integrate) into modern life deeply so far. This creative integration of tradition and modernity 45 (prove) that oracle bone inscriptions are not mere heritages of the past 46 a dynamic part of Chinese culture that continues to inspire new forms of expression. 四、书信写作 47．假定你是李华。你的美国交换生朋友Linda发邮件给你，她因为即将参加你市举办的汉语朗诵比赛 (Chinese Recitation Competition) 而感到紧张。请你用英语给她回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 提出建议； 2. 表达祝愿。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 Dear Linda, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 五、书面表达 48．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A Dollar on the Conscience (良心) “A dollar per pound, right?” The woman was already opening her wallet. Actually, the price was eighty-five cents per pound, and that’s what Mark, the grocery store clerk, had told her. But she’d misunderstood. Mark had a solid reputation in the community. People knew him as an honest guy, a straight shooter. And he liked that. He liked it a lot. It gave him a sense of pride, knowing that people saw him as a good person. “But what if I just let this one slide?” he thought as soon as she said “a dollar per pound”. It’s just fifteen cents. What’s the harm in that? As the woman loaded up on apples, he hesitated. His conscience was nagging (纠缠) at him, reminding him that it wasn’t right. “Don’t do it, Mark,” he told himself. “It’s not worth it.” But the words wouldn’t come out. Instead, he silently bagged the apples and placed them on the scale (秤). “Not too bad for the price,” the woman remarked, smiling as she handed him a ten dollar bill. “No, not bad at all,” Mark replied, his hand moving almost on autopilot (机械地) as he counted out the change. “Why didn’t I just correct her?” he scolded himself, feeling a pit in his stomach. He knew he was doing something wrong, but for some reason, he just couldn’t stop himself. The extra dollar felt heavier in his pocket than any coin he’d ever handled. “Can you have them delivered to 200 Maple Street?” she asked, giving him another polite smile. Mark nodded, still unable to find his voice. He watched her leave, the doorbell ringing as she stepped out onto the sidewalk. “Tell her, tell her there was a mistake,” his mind screamed. “Just run after her and give it back. She’ll understand.” But the words got stuck in his throat. Instead, he watched her walk away, disappearing into the city’s hustle and bustle. It’s funny how something so small-a single dollar-can mess with your head. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Mark couldn’t shake the feeling that he’d done something terribly wrong. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next morning, as soon as Mark got to work, he saw the woman from the day before walked in. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 非谓语动词 目录 学考要求速览...............................................................................................................1 必备知识梳理...............................................................................................................1 高频考点精讲...............................................................................................................6 进阶分级练..................................................................................................................10 1. 掌握非谓语动词基本式和各种形式 2. 掌握非谓语动词的句法功能 3. 熟练运用非谓语动词作状语、宾语和补语。 （一）非谓语动词的整体理解 非谓语动词指的是在句子中不能作谓语的动词，它没有人称和数的变化，主要包括不定式、现在分词(动词-ing)和过去分词。非谓语动词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。 重要性体现：在英语语言表达中起着关键作用，能够准确传达动作的时间先后、主动被动关系以及各种逻辑关系，帮助构建更为复杂和精确的句子，以满足不同语境下的表达需求。 （二）学考重点关注方向 形式辨析与选择：要求学生能够准确识别非谓语动词的各种形式（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）及其不同时态、语态的构成，并且根据句子的具体语境和语法规则，正确选用合适的非谓语动词形式来完成句子，确保句子在语法和语义上的正确性。 句法功能掌握：熟练掌握非谓语动词在句子中可充当的各种句法功能，如作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等，明确不同功能下非谓语动词形式的常见用法和搭配，以便准确理解和构建包含非谓语动词的句子。 特定用法及易错点：特别关注一些非谓语动词的特定用法，如某些动词后接非谓语动词的固定搭配（如接不定式作宾语的动词、接动名词作宾语的动词等），以及一些容易混淆的情况（如不定式和动名词作宾语时意义上的区别、非谓语动词主动形式表示被动意义的情况等），避免在考试中出现错误。 如何确定是否作非谓语 确定非谓语动词两步骤 第一步：确定是否为非谓语动词 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。 第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式 1．提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时常用动词-ing形式； 用法 例句 动名词作主语 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数 Seeing it once is better than being told 100 times. 百闻不如一见。 动名词作宾语 动名词可以作介词的宾语也可以作动词的宾语 I'm sorry for having kept you waiting so long. 对不起让你久等了。 Have you considered making contributions to your hometown after graduation? 你考虑过毕业后为家乡做贡献吗？ 动名词作定语 表示被修饰名词的性质、用途、功能和属性 It was a luxury if you had a washing machine in those days. 那时候有洗衣机就算奢侈了。 动名词和现在分词作表语 动名词作表语说明主语的内容；现在分词作表语说明主语的性质 My job is teaching. 我的工作是教书。 The news is exciting. 这条新闻很振奋人心。 现在分词作状语 ①doing：表示主动的动作，可以表示原因、条件、伴随、自然而然的结果等 ②having done：表示主动，该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前 ③having been done：表示被动、完成的动作 He ran too fast, falling to the ground. 他跑得太快了，结果摔倒在地上。 Not having received any reply, he decided to write again. 没有收到回复，他决定再写一封信。 Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. 长期与其他大陆分离，澳大利亚有许多其他国家没有的珍奇物种。 现在分词作定语 ①doing: 表示主动的动作，如果是­ing短语，要置于所修饰的名词之后 ②being done：作后置定语，表示被动、且正在进行的动作 The flowers smelling sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature. 植物园里闻起来很香的花吸引大批游客来欣赏大自然的美。 The question being discussed at the meeting now is very important. 正在会议上讨论的问题很重要。 现在分词作宾语补足语 表示主动或正在进行的动作 I can see some kids playing on the playground. 我可以看到一些孩子在操场上玩耍。 2．提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用过去分词形式。 知识点一　动名词 & 现在分词 (doing) 注意：常见的后面接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)有： 动词(短语) 后接动词的形式 意义 finish, practice, enjoy, mind, avoid, admit, appreciate, feel like, suggest, stand, risk, consider, escape, miss, delay, dislike, imagine, understand, look forward to, insist on, be busy, can't help, get down to, be worth ＋doing 词义不变 动词 后接动词的形式 意义 continue, like, love, begin, start, learn ＋doing 意义基本相同 ＋to do go on, remember, forget, regret, mean, stop ＋doing 意义不同 ＋to do advise, allow, permit, forbid, encourage ＋doing “建议/允许/禁止/鼓励”做某事 ＋sb to do sth “建议/允许/禁止/鼓励”某人做某事 续表 知识点二　过去分词(done) 用法 例句 作状语 表示被动的动作，相当于状语从句，可以表示时间、原因、条件等，可以转换为相应的状语从句 Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful. 从山顶看，这座城市显得格外美丽。 状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语 I won't go to the party unless invited. 我不去参加聚会，除非受到邀请。 作定语 表示被动，相当于省略了 “which/that＋be”的定语从句。过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前 The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。 The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。 作宾语补足语 在表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾补。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等 I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 在表示“致使”意义的动词后作宾补。如：have, get, keep, leave等 I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 make后面接反身代词，接过去分词作宾补，表示“使自己被……” He spoke in a louder voice in order to make himself heard. 他大声讲话，以便让别人听到。 作表语 常常用来修饰人的状态或感受。但是修饰人的表情也常常用过去分词形式的形容词 The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。 知识点三　不定式(to do) 用法 例句 作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 不定式作主语时，可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语置于后面。即用“It is＋形容词/名词＋(for/of sb) to do sth”来代替。表示人的品质的形容词后用of To get there by air will take you only about two hours. 坐飞机去那里将只花费你两个小时。 It is kind of you to have given us so much help. 你真好，给予我们这么多的帮助。 作表语 当主语部分有what/all/everything不定代词和实义动词do(表示“做”)的某种形式，那么作表语可以不带to What we should do at the moment is (to) study hard. 目前我们要做的就是努力学习。 作宾语 常接不定式作宾语的动词：afford, agree, arrange, ask, care, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, aim, fail, long, happen, hesitate, struggle, attempt, volunteer, desire等 He agreed to join us in singing. 他同意和我们一起唱歌。 作宾语补足语 常接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词有：allow, ask, beg, cause, command, elect, forbid, force, get, help, intend, invite, would like, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, teach, tell, remind, train, want, warn, wish, advise, encourage, instruct, urge等 Try to persuade him to come. 尽量说服他来。 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：feel, hear, listen to, have, help, let, make, notice, see, watch等 We listened to him play a piece by Chopin on the piano. 我们倾听他用钢琴演奏肖邦的曲子。 作状语 不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果、原因、程度等。不定式作目的状语，常常置于句首，如果置于主句后，不定式前面常常没有逗号 To realize our dreams, we must work hard. 实现梦想，我们必须努力。 作定语 往往表示要做的事情 He has nothing to do. 他无事可做。 知识点一　动名词 & 现在分词 (doing) 例1　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.” 【答案】Recalling 【解析】分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词作状语，Edmondson和recall之间为主动关系，应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填Recalling。 例2　(2021·全国甲卷)After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 【答案】spending 【解析】分析：题干中的线索词After为介词，其后接动词-ing作宾语。故填spending。 例3　(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered. 【答案】recording 【解析】分析：分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词。根据spent可知，此处考查“spend some time doing sth.”结构。故填recording。 1．The ancient building remained, (function) as shelters for many homeless people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】functioning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座古建筑仍然存在，为许多无家可归的人提供庇护。句中已有remained，空处作非谓语动词，function与逻辑主语The ancient building之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词functioning作状语。故填functioning。 2．Artificial Intelligence participates in our daily events, (extend) our intelligence, comprehending our feelings, and expanding the range of social activities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】extending 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人工智能参与我们的日常事务，它能拓展我们的智能、理解我们的情感，还能扩大社交活动的范围。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，Artificial Intelligence和extend为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填extending。 3．Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists (ruin) the atmosphere of peace? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ruining 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：乞力马扎罗山真的堪当“人满为患、游客众多，从而破坏了宁静氛围”这样的名声呢？空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，lines of tourists和ruin为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填ruining。 4．The bomb exploded, (trap) victims in the building. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】trapping 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：炸弹爆炸了，把受害者困在了大楼里。已有谓语动词exploded，“(trap) victims in the building”作结果状语，trap(把……困在)用非谓语形式，上文陈述的内容“The bomb exploded”与动词trap之间是逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词表示一种自然而然的结果。故填trapping。 5．The decorations represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】coming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些装饰象征着大地复苏和对新开始的美好祝愿。根据句子谓语represent以及所给词come与the earth的主谓关系可知，此空应用现在分词coming作后置定语。故填coming。 知识点二　过去分词(done) 例1　They make great gifts and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 【答案】decorated 【解析】分析句子结构可知，句中them与decorate之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。 例2　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants. 【答案】closed 【解析】句意：在寒冷的天气里，这个建筑物会关闭以保护植物。此处stay是系动词，设空处作表语，表示“关闭的”。故填closed。 例3．Firemen had to break the door down to reach the people (trap) in the house. 【答案】trapped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：消防员不得不破门而入，解救被困在屋里的人们。此处是非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词people，动词trap和名词people是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填trapped。 1．The hardworking college student has read all the books (recommend) by his professor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】recommended 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位勤奋的大学生已经读完了教授推荐的所有书籍。句子谓语动词是has read，空处需要填入非谓语动词，修饰其前的名词books，且与books之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式recommended作后置定语，表示“被推荐的”。故填recommended。 2． (inspire) by the documentary, the students planted 500 trees on the hillside.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Inspired/Having been inspired 【详解】考查过去分词和现在分词完成式的被动结构。句意：受这部纪录片的启发，学生们在山坡上种了 500 棵树。设空处为非谓语动词，和主语之间是被动关系，可以直接用过去分词作状语；也可以强调“被启发”这一动作发生在“种树”之前，且对“种树”产生了影响，所以也可以用现在分词完成式的被动结构having been inspired，句首单词首字母大写，故填Inspired/Having been inspired。 3．The ancient temple, (locate) in the mountains, attracts thousands of tourists every year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】located 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座位于山中的古寺，每年吸引成千上万的游客。locate表示“使位于、坐落于”，locate与逻辑主语temple之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填located。 4．Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section (sign). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】signed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：18岁以下的志愿者必须让家长/监护人填写同意部分并签字。分析句子结构可知，这里考查“have + 宾语 + 过去分词”的固定结构，其中过去分词作宾语补足语，表被动含义；section与sign之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词signed。故填signed。 5． (design) for children under six, this toy has won great popularity. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Designed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这款玩具专为六岁以下儿童设计，深受喜爱。空格处是非谓语动词作状语，动词design与句子的主语this toy之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词designed作状语。首字母大写。故填Designed。 知识点三　不定式(to do) 例1　(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 【答案】to catch 【详解】此处指国家公园尤其容易引起我们的注意。tend to do sth.“倾向于做某事”。因此，应填to_catch。 例2　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 【答案】to find 【详解】此处考查“be＋adj.＋to do”结构。be amazed to do sth.“对做某事感到惊讶”，故填to_find。 例3　(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 【答案】to be lifted 【详解】分析句子结构可知，allow是动词，them是宾语，所以设空处作宾语补足语。lift与them是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成allow sth.to be done “允许某事被做”。故填to_be_lifted。 1．Passengers are reminded (take) all their personal belongings with them when they leave the plane. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to take 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：乘客们被提醒在离开飞机时带上所有个人物品。空格处需填非谓语动词，remind sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“提醒某人做某事”，其被动形式为sb. be reminded to do sth.，不定式to do作主语补足语，故填to take。 2．Mark volunteered (ride) the bus with Susan each morning and evening until she could manage it by herself. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to ride 【详解】考查不定式。句意：马克每天早晚主动和苏姗一起坐公共汽车，直到她自己能独自坐车。volunteer to do sth.主动做某事，不定式作宾语，故填to ride。 3．He hurried to the station, only (inform) that the train had left. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be informed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他匆匆赶到车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。only+动词不定式作结果状语是固定结构，强调意想不到的结果，由于主语He和括号中的inform之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即“他被告知”，要用动词不定式的被动语态结构to be done。故填to be informed。 4．The government troops were forced (withdraw). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to withdraw 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：政府军被迫撤退。根据空前的“were forced”可知，此处考查固定搭配be forced to do sth.，表示“被迫做某事”，所以空处需用动词不定式形式to withdraw，在句中作主语补足语。故填to withdraw。 5．The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be completed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明年完工的机场将有助于促进该地区的旅游业。此处应为非谓语动词作定语，根据时间状语next year可知，该动作将要发生，且complete与the airport之间为被动关系，需用动词不定式的被动语态。故填to be completed。 一、单项选择 1．It is our responsibility ________ our environment and we are making progress. A．protecting B．protect C．to protect D．being protected 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。 句意：保护我们的环境是我们的责任，而且我们正在取得进步。句子核心结构为“It is + 名词 + to do sth.”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。此处“保护我们的环境”是真正主语，需用不定式to protect表达。故选C。 2．________ his name called, the boy immediately stood up from his seat. A．Heard B．Hearing C．Hear D．To hear 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：听到叫他的名字，那男孩立刻从座位上站了起来。该句中谓语动词为sttod，且无连词，所以此处使用非谓语动词，the boy与hear是主谓关系，且“听到名字”和“站起来”两个动作几乎同时发生，应用现在分词作状语。故选B。 3．—Why does Tom look so disappointed? —He regrets not ________ for his interview. He wasn’t selected. A．preparing B．to prepare C．prepared D．have prepared 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——汤姆为什么看起来这么失望？——他后悔没有为面试做准备，所以没被录用。分析句子结构可知，这里考查regret doing sth.，表示“后悔做过某事”（动作已发生），此处“没准备面试”是已发生的事，且“regret not + 动名词”为固定用法，所以preparing 符合语法规则与语境。故选A项。 4．________ the audience, the speaker prepared a detailed and engaging presentation. A．Impressing B．To impress C．Being impressed D．Impressed 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了给听众留下深刻印象，这位演讲者精心准备了一份详尽且引人入胜的演讲内容。“准备演示文稿”的目的是“为了给观众留下深刻印象”，不定式To impress表目的，符合语境。故选B。 5．The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________ in the next school year. A．to carry out B．carrying out C．being carried out D．carried out 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学校已决定建造一个人工智能实验室，老师们希望看到这个建设项目在下一个学年得以实施。“see+宾语+宾语补足语”是固定结构，construction project与carry out之间是被动关系，即项目“被实施”，强调被动和完成的意义，应用过去分词carried out作宾语补足语。故选D。 6．The city temperatures have returned from low to normal, ________the citizens ________ the outdoors again. A．allowing; to enjoy B．being allowed; enjoying C．having allowed; enjoying D．having been allowed; to enjoy 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：城市气温已经从低温恢复正常，这使得市民们又能再次享受户外活动了。句子已有谓语动词“have returned”，逗号后为非谓语动词短语作结果状语。“气温恢复正常”这一情况和“使得市民能够享受户外活动”为主动关系，且两者无明显的先后顺序，是同时发生的伴随结果，所以空处需用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，“allow sb. to do sth.”意为“允许某人做某事”，为固定短语，第二空填不定式形式to enjoy。故选A。 7．I borrowed a book _________ by J. K. Rowling from the library last week. A．written B．was written C．to write D．writing 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：上周我从图书馆借了一本J. K. 罗琳写的书。句中已有谓语动词borrowed且空格处无连词，所以此处应用write的非谓语动词形式，因其与被修饰的名词“book”之间是被动关系，即书被写，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故选A项。 8．________ to the villages on time, the supplies saved many lives after the earthquake. A．Delivery B．Delivered C．Delivery D．Being delivered 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些物资按时送到了村庄，在地震后挽救了许多人的生命。句中谓语是saved，空格处用非谓语动词，the supplies和deliver之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作状语，故选B。 9．He lit a small fire in the dark cave, ________ a match carefully with cold hands. A．strike B．striking C．struck D．to strike 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他在黑暗的山洞里生了一小堆火，用冰冷的手小心地划着火柴。句中谓语是lit，空格处用非谓语动词，he和strike之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作状语，故选B。 10．________ by the beautiful scenery, the tourists couldn’t help but take out their cameras. A．Attracting B．To attract C．Attracted D．Having attracted 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被美丽的风景吸引，游客们忍不住拿出了相机。tourists与attract是动宾关系，即游客被吸引，此空应是过去分词Attracted作状语。故选C。 11．________ the data, scientists drew a conclusion that there used to be ice on Mars. A．Being analyzed B．Analyzed C．To analyze D．Having analyzed 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：在分析了数据之后，科学家得出结论：火星上曾经存在过冰。分析句子结构可知，句子中逗号前为非谓语动词短语作时间状语，逻辑主语scientists与analyze之间是主动关系，且“分析数据”的动作发生在“得出结论”之前，需用现在分词的完成式表主动和动作先后，having analyzed符合语法规则与语境。故选D项。 12．His mind _________on his work, he didn’t notice my appearance. A．concentrates B．concentrating C．concentrated D．to concentrate 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他专心工作，没有注意到我的出现。逗号前的部分为独立主格结构，逻辑主语his mind和concentrate之间为被动关系，应用过去分词concentrated。故选C。 13．The scientist conducted the experiment, _________precise records of every reaction that occurred. A．kept B．to keep C．having kept D．keeping 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位科学家进行了实验，对发生的每一个反应都做了精确的记录。主句中已有谓语动词conducted，空处应用非谓语动词，keep和逻辑主语scientist之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作伴随状语。故选D。 14．He stood at the window, his eyes_________ on the heavy rain pouring down outside for hours. A．having  fixed B．to fix C．fixed D．fixing 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他站在窗前，目不转睛地盯着外面倾盆大雨，持续了好几个小时。逗号后的部分为独立主格结构，空处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语his eyes和fix是被动关系，应用过去分词。故选C。 15．_________ herself to the cause of science, she didn’t have time to take care of her family. A．Devoting B．Devoted C．Having devoted D．Being devoted 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她致力于科学事业，没有时间照顾家人。句中didn’t have为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。devote oneself to为固定短语，意为“致力于”，she与devote之间是主动关系，即她主动致力于科学事业，因此应用现在分词形式作状语，表示主动和进行。故选A。 二、语法填空 1．The program aims (educate) and prepare students for a challenging career. 【答案】to educate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目旨在培养学生，为他们迎接具有挑战性的职业生涯做好准备。aim to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“旨在做某事、目的是做某事”，不定式to do，作目的状语，故填to educate。 2．During the summer months, he would take extra classes, and he ended up (graduate) a year early. 【答案】graduating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在夏季的几个月里，他会参加额外的课程，结果他提前一年毕业了。end up doing sth.为固定短语，意为“最终做某事，以……告终”，此处graduate应用其动名词形式作宾语。故填graduating。 3．Those students who are addicted to (play) games all day long always have difficulty in getting on with others. 【答案】playing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那些整天沉迷于电子游戏的学生总是难以与他人友好相处。短语be addicted to doing sth.表示“沉迷于做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填playing。 4．The teacher warned the students not (leave) the laboratory without permission. 【答案】to leave 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：老师警告学生们未经允许不得离开实验室。warn sb. not to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“警告某人不要做某事”，需接动词不定式作宾补。故填to leave。 5． (Expose) to different cultures through travel can broaden one's perspective. 【答案】Being exposed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过旅行接触不同的文化可以开阔一个人的视野。动词短语be exposed to意为“接触到……”符合语境；作主语应使用动名词形式；注意句首字母大写。故填Being exposed。 6．Three protesters got (arrest) during the demonstration for blocking traffic. 【答案】arrested 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：三名抗议者在示威活动中因阻碍交通而被捕。arrest和主语之间是被动关系，get+过去分词结构在英语中可以用来表示被动语态，arrest的过去分词是arrested。故填arrested。 7．Volunteers are busy (distribute) relief supplies to the flood-affected areas. 【答案】distributing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：志愿者们正忙着向受洪水影响的地区分发救援物资。“be busy doing sth”为固定搭配，表示“忙于做某事”，所以此处应用“distribute”的动名词“distributing”作宾语，符合“志愿者忙于分发救援物资”的语境。故填distributing。 8．The times (list) on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. 【答案】listed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：时刻表上列出的时间是出发时间，而不是到达时间。设空处在句中作后置定语修饰前面的名词“The times”，“The times”和“list”之间是被动关系，即时间被列出，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填listed。 9．Although Jason Harley had lots of money, he was tired of (regard) as a successful person. 【答案】being regarded 【详解】考查动名词和被动语态。句意：虽然杰森·哈雷很有钱，但他厌倦了被视为成功人士。of是介词，空格处用动名词作宾语，他厌倦被看作是成功人士，因此空格处用动名词的被动语态being regarded。故填being regarded。 10．Twelve passengers are missing, (presume) dead. 【答案】presumed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：12名乘客失踪，据推测已遇难。此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语“Twelve passengers”与动词“presume”之间是被动关系，即“乘客被推测死亡”，需用过去分词形式，presume的过去分词为presumed。故填presumed。 一、阅读理解 A It doesn’t seem logical that a five-foot, seven-inch young man from Argentina could somehow turn into the world’s best soccer player. A person diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency and without the economic resources to pay for the expensive treatment to treat that condition would also not be an ideal candidate to inherit the title of “World’s Best” from the likes of Diego Maradona, Ronaldo, or Pelé. But Lionel Messi defies (违抗) logic and has regularly done so since he joined his first soccer team when he was only four years old. Quite simply, there has never been a player like Messi who could continue, week in and week out, to defy the limits of the sport and continually surprise the entire sports world. Even athletes from other sports have expressed their disbelief at Messi’s exploits on the field. NBA basketball star Kobe Bryant has said that Messi is the “greatest athlete that I’ve ever seen”. When we watch Messi on the field, it is easy to assume that Messi is simply a genius to play soccer at levels never before seen. Carlos Tévez, Messi’s teammate on the Argentinean national team, says that “Messi is from another planet”. But is that where Lionel Messi’s talent comes from? Is he a sort of Superman with supernatural soccer abilities? Our journey into the life story of Lionel Messi will show that Messi’s rising to fame is the result of a life of struggle and sacrifice. We will see how an undersized boy from Argentina defied the odds and overcame numerous obstacles to become one of soccer’s most important players… of all time. Javier Mascherano, Messi’s current Barcelona and Argentina teammate, says that “although he may not be human, it’s good that Messi still thinks he is”. Lionel Messi’s modesty, shyness and quiet public behaviours spring from his own recognition of his humanity, characterized by a life of sacrifice. 1．What does the author think of Lionel Messi’s success? A．It’s reasonable. B．It’s unexpected. C．It comes too late. D．It comes naturally. 2．Which proverb best describes Lionel Messi’s success according to Paragraph 4? A．Hard work pays off. B．Interest is the best teacher. C．Confidence leads to victory. D．Fortune favours the prepared mind. 3．How does the author try to prove his point in the text? A．By listing some facts. B．By giving some examples. C．By borrowing some words. D．By making some comparisons. 4．What is the author’s tone like in the text? A．curious. B．doubtful C．admiring. D．surprising. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇人物评述。主要介绍梅西虽身患生长激素缺乏症，却凭借奋斗与牺牲打破常规，成为世界顶级足球运动员。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It doesn’t seem logical that a five-foot, seven-inch young man from Argentina could somehow turn into the world’s best soccer player. A person diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency and without the economic resources to pay for the expensive treatment to treat that condition would also not be an ideal candidate to inherit the title of “World’s Best” from the likes of Diego Maradona, Ronaldo, or Pelé. But Lionel Messi defies (违抗) logic (一个身高 5 英尺 7 英寸（约 1.7 米）的阿根廷年轻人，竟然能成为世界上最顶尖的足球运动员，这似乎不合常理。一个被诊断出患有生长激素缺乏症、又无力承担昂贵治疗费用的人，按理说也绝非继承迭戈・马拉多纳、罗纳尔多或贝利等传奇人物 “世界最佳” 头衔的理想人选。但利昂内尔・梅西却打破了这一切常规。)”可知，作者认为梅西的成功是出人意料的。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Our journey into the life story of Lionel Messi will show that Messi’s rising to fame is the result of a life of struggle and sacrifice. We will see how an undersized boy from Argentina defied the odds and overcame numerous obstacles to become one of soccer’s most important players… of all time.(深入探寻利昂内尔・梅西的人生历程便会发现，他的成名源于一生的拼搏与奉献。我们将看到，这个来自阿根廷、身材瘦小的男孩如何逆势而上，跨越无数阻碍，最终成为足球史上最具影响力的球员之一。)”可知，梅西的成功源于不懈奋斗，“Hard work pays off（努力终有回报）”最能描述这一情况。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“NBA basketball star Kobe Bryant has said that Messi is the “greatest athlete that I’ve ever seen”.(NBA 篮球巨星科比・布莱恩特曾评价梅西：“他是我见过最伟大的运动员。”)”；根据第三段“Carlos Tévez, Messi’s teammate on the Argentinean national team, says that “Messi is from another planet”.(阿根廷国家队梅西的队友卡洛斯・特维斯曾说：“梅西简直来自另一个星球。”)”及根据最后一段“Javier Mascherano, Messi’s current Barcelona and Argentina teammate, says that “although he may not be human, it’s good that Messi still thinks he is”.(哈维尔・马斯切拉诺 —— 梅西如今在巴塞罗那队和阿根廷国家队的双重队友 —— 曾这样评价：“虽说他（梅西）或许已不像凡人，但好在他自己仍觉得自己是个普通人。”)”可知，文中多次引用他人言论支撑观点，如科比·布莱恩特称梅西是“我见过的最伟大的运动员”、卡洛斯·特维斯说“梅西来自另一个星球”、哈维尔·马斯切拉诺的相关评价等。由此可知，作者通过引用他人的话来证明自己的观点。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，作者开篇强调梅西的成功 “不合常理”，突出其突破先天限制的不易；后文通过他人评价与事实，凸显梅西的天赋与奋斗精神，字里行间流露出对梅西的钦佩之情。因此作者的语气是赞赏的。故选C项。 B Lisa was running late. Lisa, 25, had a lot to do at work, plus visitors on the way: her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortably warm. By the time she got to the platform, Lisa felt weak and tired — maybe it hadn’t been a good idea to give blood the night before, she thought. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks. Several yards away, Frank, 43, and his girlfriend, Jennifer, found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop. They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying. But when he heard the scream, followed by someone yelling, “Oh, my God, she fell in!” Frank didn’t hesitate. He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. “No! Not you!” his girlfriend screamed after him. She was right to be alarmed. By the time Frank reached Lisa, he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming. The train was about 20 seconds from the station. It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grips and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground, and saw someone else holding her purse. Lisa thought she’d been robbed. A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head. And she tried to talk but she couldn’t, and that was when she realized how much pain she was in. Police and fire officials soon arrived, and Frank told the story to an officer. Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40-minute train ride downtown — just as he had been seconds after the rescue, which made her think about her reaction at the time. “I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die,” she explained. 5．What was the most probable cause for Lisa’s weakness? A．She had run a long way. B．She felt hot in the subway. C．She had done a lot of work. D．She had donated blood the night before. 6．Why did Jennifer try to stop her boyfriend? A．Because they would miss their train: B．Because he didn’t see the train coming. C．Because she was sure Lisa was hard to lift. D．Because she was afraid the train would kill him. 7．How did Frank save Lisa? A．By lifting her to the platform. B．By helping her rise to her feet. C．By pulling her along the ground. D．By dragging her away from the edge. 8．When did Lisa become conscious again? A．When the train was leaving. B．After she was back on the platform. C．After the police and fire officials came. D．When a man was cleaning the blood from her head. 【答案】5．D 6．D 7．A 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了25岁的莉萨在地铁站因献血后身体虚弱跌落轨道，43岁的弗兰克不顾危险挺身而出将她救上站台的故事。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Lisa felt weak and tired — maybe it hadn’t been a good idea to give blood the night before, she thought.(莉萨感到虚弱疲惫——她想，前一晚献血或许不是个好主意。)”可知，莉萨身体虚弱最可能的原因是前一晚献了血。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But when he heard the scream, followed by someone yelling, “Oh, my God, she fell in!” Frank didn’t hesitate. He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. “No! Not you!” his girlfriend screamed after him.(但当他听到尖叫声，接着有人大喊“哦，我的天，她掉下去了！”时，弗兰克毫不犹豫地跳下车轨，朝躺在铁轨上的人影跑去约40英尺。“不！别去！”他的女朋友在他身后大喊。)”及第七段中的“Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40-minute train ride downtown- just as he had been seconds after the rescue, which made her think about her reaction at the time. “I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die,” she explained.(詹妮弗说，在他们乘40分钟火车前往市中心的途中，她的男朋友很平静——就像救援结束几秒后那样，这让她想起了自己当时的反应。“我看到火车要来了，我以为他要死了，”她解释道。)”可知，詹妮弗看到弗兰克跳下车轨去救人，且火车即将进站，担心他会被火车撞死，所以试图阻止他。故选D项。 7．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grips and drag her away from the edge.(但他成功地将她举到四英尺高的站台上，这样旁观者就能抓住她的胳膊，把她从边缘拉开。)”可知，弗兰克是通过将莉萨举高到站台上救了她。故选A项。 8．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grips and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness(但他成功地将她举到四英尺高的站台上，这样旁观者就能抓住她的胳膊，把她从边缘拉开。就在那时，莉萨短暂地恢复了意识)”可知，莉萨是在被救回站台后重新恢复意识的。故选B项。 C Common water plants could provide a green energy source. Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants. Transferring such plant oil into biodiesel (生物柴油) for transportation and heating could be a big part of a more sustainable future. For a new study, researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil per acre than soybeans. John Shanklin, a biochemist, says further research could double the engineered duckweed’s oil output in the next few years. Unlike fossil fuels, which form underground, biofuels can be refreshed faster than they are used. Fuels made from new and used vegetable oils, animal fat and seaweed can have a lower carbon footprint than fossil fuels do, but there has been a recent negative view against them. This is partly because so many crops now go into energy production rather than food; biofuels take up more than 100 million acres of the world’s agricultural land. Duckweed, common on every continent but Antarctica, is among the world’s most productive plants, and the researchers suggest it could be a game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons. First, it grows readily in water, so it wouldn’t compete with food crops for agricultural land. Second, duckweed can grow fast in agricultural pollution released into the water. Third, Shanklin and his team found a way to avoid a major biotechnological barrier. For the new study, Shanklin says, the researchers added an oil-producing gene, “turning it on like a light switch” by introducing a particular molecule (分子) only when the plant had finished growing. Shanklin says, “If it replicates (自我复制) in other species — and there’s no reason to think that it would not — this can solve one of our biggest issues, which is how we can make more oil in more plants without negatively affecting growth.” To expand production to industrial levels, scientists will need to design and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil — a challenge, Shanklin says, because duckweed is a non-mainstream crop without much existing infrastructure (基础设施). 9．What can people get from duckweed first-hand? A．Plant oil. B．Stable diesel. C．Sustainable water. D．Natural heat. 10．What does paragraph 4 mainly convey? A．Options for renewable energy. B．Reasons for engineering genes. C．The potential of the revolutionary energy source. D．The approach to avoiding agricultural pollution. 11．What is the decisive factor to mass-produce the plant? A．Industrial levels. B．Unique design. C．Academic research. D．Basic facilities. 12．What would be the best title for the text? A．Duckweed Power B．Duckweed Production C．Genetic Engineering D．Genetic Testing 【答案】9．A 10．C 11．D 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍浮萍作为绿色能源的优势、研究进展及规模化挑战。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants.(科学家们已经找到了从浮萍中提取大量油脂的方法，浮萍是自然界生长速度最快的水生植物之一)”可知，人们可以直接从浮萍中获取植物油。故选A。 10．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Duckweed, common on every continent but Antarctica, is among the world’s most productive plants, and the researchers suggest it could be a game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons.(浮萍在除南极洲以外的各大洲均常见，是世界上产量最高的植物之一，研究人员表示，它有望成为一种具有变革性的可再生能源，主要基于三个关键原因)”及整段内容可知，第四段主要讲述了浮萍作为可再生能源的三大关键原因，包括它能在水中生长不与粮食作物争地、能在农业污染水中快速生长以及科学家找到了避免其生长受影响的方法，这些都体现了浮萍作为一种革命性能源的潜力。故选C项。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“To expand production to industrial levels, scientists will need to design and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil — a challenge, Shanklin says, because duckweed is a non-mainstream crop without much existing infrastructure.(为了将生产扩大到工业水平，科学家们需要设计和建造大规模的基地来种植转基因植物并获取植物油脂——这是一个挑战，Shanklin说，因为浮萍是一种非主流作物，没有太多的现有基础设施)”可知，大规模生产这种植物的决定性因素是基础设施。故选D。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants. Transferring such plant oil into biodiesel (生物柴油) for transportation and heating could be a big part of a more sustainable future.(科学家们已经找到了从浮萍中提取大量油脂的方法，浮萍是自然界生长速度最快的水生植物之一。将这类植物油转化为用于交通运输和供暖的生物柴油，可能会成为实现更可持续未来的重要组成部分)”可知，文章主要讲述了浮萍可以作为一种绿色能源，科学家通过基因工程让浮萍能够生产更多的油，并且分析了浮萍作为能源的优势以及大规模生产面临的挑战等内容。A选项“Duckweed Power(浮萍的力量)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A。 D Laura Mitchell, a cycling enthusiast, believes bikes bring kids independence and joy. Yet when teaching her 6 and 9-year-olds to ride, she had to use a school parking lot — their neighborhood has dangerous roads and intersections. Now skilled riders, the kids still can’t cycle unsupervised (无人监督的). Mitchell worries about road safety, not her kids’ rule-following, admitting, “It’s chaotic out there, and I’ve had close calls.” America’s roads have grown more chaotic in decades: higher speed limits, bigger vehicles, and more aggressive, phone-distracted drivers. Though child injuries or deaths from cars while walking or biking have fallen since the 1970s, the CDC says this is because fewer kids go outside, not safer streets. This creates a cycle: drivers unaccustomed to kids drive less safely, causing more accidents. Thus, parents are more anxious and restrictive. Peter Gray, a Boston College professor, notes that fewer kids are outside, which isn’t just for fear of cars. Since the 1980s, society has seen kids as fragile, shrinking their ability to explore independently. He argues childhood’s purpose is building independence, and without it, kids miss out on growing up. Though he advocates for kids’ freedom, he won’t let his 5-year-old granddaughter bike outside — her road has no sidewalks and speeding cars. Esther Walker, from youth cycling nonprofit Outride, says fewer kids walk or bike to school. Outride works with over 400 American and Canadian schools to teach safe riding. 20-50% of middle-schoolers in the program have never touched a bike. After the program, kids value the freedom, confidence, joy, and new friendships biking brings. Some parents advocate for safer communities. San Francisco’s Mahdi Rahimi started Safe Streets Bernal to push for better intersection visibility, lower speeds, and protected bike lanes, hoping his kids can walk to the store alone. Eric and Mary Beth Olson’s 5-year-old daughter Sidney was killed by a tractor-trailer in 2023. They founded the Rainbow Fund to improve child safety after learning neighbors also avoided the dangerous intersection. Mitchell now leads Our Streets, a transit safety nonprofit. She notes parents should push for safer spaces, prepare kids for dangers, and wait for the right time to let them explore. 13．What is Laura Mitchell concerned about? A．Traffic safety. B．Kids’ growth. C．Kids’ independence. D．Cycling rules. 14．What does paragraph 2 mainly illustrate? A．Parents’ anxiety and expectation. B．Current dangerous road situation. C．Declining road accidents in America. D．Present condition of American vehicles. 15．What does the author want to convey by the cases of Gray and Walker? A．Vehicle speeds must be limited. B．Kids’ freedom needs safer roads. C．Cycling to school requires more attention. D．Kids’ exploring abilities are to be enhanced. 16．Why do some parents establish organizations? A．To create safer environment for kids. B．To arouse drivers’ safety awareness. C．To call for government recognition. D．To build up community responsibility. 【答案】13．A 14．B 15．B 16．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国道路混乱致家长不敢让孩子独立骑行，专家指出这影响孩子独立性，相关非营利组织开展骑行教学，部分家长成立机构推动社区安全。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mitchell worries about road safety, not her kids’ rule-following, admitting, “It’s chaotic out there, and I’ve had close calls.”(米切尔担心的是道路安全，而不是孩子们是否遵守规则，她承认：“外面很混乱，我差点就出事了。”)”可知，劳拉·米切尔担心交通安全。故选A项。 14．主旨大意题。根据第二段“America’s roads have grown more chaotic in decades: higher speed limits, bigger vehicles, and more aggressive, phone-distracted drivers. Though child injuries or deaths from cars while walking or biking have fallen since the 1970s, the CDC says this is because fewer kids go outside, not safer streets. This creates a cycle: drivers unaccustomed to kids drive less safely, causing more accidents. Thus, parents are more anxious and restrictive.( 几十年来，美国的道路变得越来越混乱：更高的限速，更大的车辆，以及更激进、更分心的司机。尽管自20世纪70年代以来，儿童在步行或骑自行车时因汽车受伤或死亡的人数有所下降，但美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，这是因为外出的孩子减少了，而不是因为街道更安全。这就形成了一个循环：不习惯有孩子的司机开车不安全，导致更多的事故。因此，父母更加焦虑和限制。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是目前危险的道路情况。故选B项。 15．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Since the 1980s, society has seen kids as fragile, shrinking their ability to explore independently. He argues childhood’s purpose is building independence, and without it, kids miss out on growing up. Though he advocates for kids’ freedom, he won’t let his 5-year-old granddaughter bike outside — her road has no sidewalks and speeding cars.( 自20世纪80年代以来，社会一直认为孩子是脆弱的，削弱了他们独立探索的能力。他认为，童年的目的是建立独立，没有独立，孩子们就错过了成长的机会。虽然他提倡孩子们的自由，但他不会让5岁的孙女在外面骑自行车——她（所在街道）的路上没有人行道，也没有超速行驶的汽车。)”以及第四段中“Esther Walker, from youth cycling nonprofit Outride, says fewer kids walk or bike to school. Outride works with over 400 American and Canadian schools to teach safe riding. 20-50% of middle-schoolers in the program have never touched a bike.( 来自非营利青少年自行车组织Outride的埃斯特·沃克（Esther Walker）表示，步行或骑自行车上学的孩子越来越少了。Outride与400多所美国和加拿大学校合作，教授安全骑行。参与该项目的20-50%的中学生从未接触过自行车。)”可推知，作者想通过格雷和沃克的案例传达孩子的自由需要更安全的道路。故选B项。 16．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Some parents advocate for safer communities. San Francisco’s Mahdi Rahimi started Safe Streets Bernal to push for better intersection visibility, lower speeds, and protected bike lanes, hoping his kids can walk to the store alone.( 一些家长提倡更安全的社区。旧金山的马赫迪·拉希米（Mahdi Rahimi）创办了“安全街道Bernal”，以推动更好的十字路口能见度、更低的车速和保护自行车道，希望他的孩子们可以独自步行去商店。)”可推知，有些家长建立组织是为了给孩子们创造更安全的环境。故选A项。 七选五 How to Do a Self-Analysis You are always growing and changing based on your personality and life experiences. Therefore, it’s important to regularly take time to conduct a self-analysis. 17 Here are some tips on conducting a self-analysis. Assessing your self-esteem (自尊) Start by reflecting on childhood experiences. Ask yourself: Did people listen to you? Were your achievements recognized? These help shape your self-perception. Keep a journal to track your mood shifts. Each change usually connects to your inner voice, which either encourages you or makes you feel bad. So, whenever your mood is about to change, write down the thoughts that come to your mind. 18 . Understanding your personality Use the “Big Five” traits. They reveal key parts of your personality for interacting with others. Draw five vertical lines on paper. Label them with “Extraversion”, “Neuroticism”, “Conscientiousness”, “Agreeableness” and “Openness to Experience”. 19 his helps you understand why you act the way you do. Making a self-assessment List what you achieved in the past year. If you find it hard to remember your achievements, use the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result). 20 . Also, write down the areas where you want to improve. It is very important to be objective during your self-analysis. 21 Some people think therapy is only for big, unsolvable problems. However, that’s far from the truth. A consultant or therapist can help you with self-analysis. They are trained and fair, and they understand the common thinking mistakes people make. Consistently practice these self-analysis methods and you’ll know yourself better and make progress steadily. A．Examining your health status B．Seeking help from professionals C．This allows you to highlight your value D．Then rate yourself “High” or “Low” on each E．Changing, good or bad, can bring stress as you adapt F．They often reflect how you see yourself, others, and the world G．It helps you reflect on where you are in various aspects of your life 【答案】17．G 18．F 19．D 20．C 21．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了定期自我分析的重要性，围绕自尊评估、人格认知、自我评估、寻求专业帮助等方面给出具体方法，建议坚持实践以更好了解自己、稳步进步。 17．根据上文“You are always growing and changing based on your personality and life experiences. Therefore, it’s important to regularly take time to conduct a self-analysis.(你的性格和生活经历会不断影响着你的成长与变化。因此，定期进行自我分析是非常重要的)”可知，前文强调定期自我分析的重要性，空格需衔接“为什么要做”与“怎么做”。G项“它能帮助你反思自己在生活各方面的现状”，既解释了自我分析的意义，又自然引出下文的具体方法，逻辑连贯。故选G。 18．根据上文“Start by reflecting on childhood experiences. Ask yourself: Did people listen to you? Were your achievements recognized? These help shape your self-perception. Keep a journal to track your mood shifts. Each change usually connects to your inner voice, which either encourages you or makes you feel bad. So, whenever your mood is about to change, write down the thoughts that come to your mind.(首先，回顾一下童年经历。问问自己：别人是否倾听过你的想法？你的成就是否得到了认可？这些都会影响你对自己的看法。记下自己的心情变化记录。每次变化通常都与你内心的声音有关，这个声音要么鼓励你，要么让你感到沮丧。所以，每当你的心情即将发生变化时，就把脑海中浮现的想法记录下来)”可知，前文提到记录情绪变化时的内心想法，空格需说明这些想法的作用。F项“它们通常反映了你如何看待自己、他人和世界”，承接“写下脑海中的想法”，呼应前文“塑造自我认知”的核心，语义一致。故选F。 19．根据上文“Use the “Big Five” traits. They reveal key parts of your personality for interacting with others. Draw five vertical lines on paper. Label them with “Extraversion”, “Neuroticism”, “Conscientiousness”, “Agreeableness” and “Openness to Experience”.(运用“大五”人格特质。这些特质能揭示出你个性中与与他人交往密切相关的关键部分。在纸上画五条垂直线。将它们分别标注为“外向性”、“神经质”、“责任心”、“亲和性”和“经验开放性”)”可知，前文介绍“大五人格” 的五个维度，空格需衔接“如何操作”。D项“然后在每个维度上给自己评‘高’或‘低’”，符合“列出维度→评分”的操作逻辑，且后文“这能帮你理解自己的行为方式” 对应评分后的作用，衔接顺畅。故选D。 20．根据上文“List what you achieved in the past year. If you find it hard to remember your achievements, use the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result).(列出你在过去一年中所取得的成就。如果难以记起自己的成就，可以使用“STAR”方法（即情境、任务、行动、结果）)”可知，前文提到用 STAR 方法梳理成就，空格需说明该方法的效果。C项“这能让你凸显自己的价值”，契合“回顾成就”的目的，与后文“写下需要改进的领域”形成“优势+不足”的全面评估逻辑。故选C。 21．根据后文“Some people think therapy is only for big, unsolvable problems. However, that’s far from the truth. A consultant or therapist can help you with self-analysis. They are trained and fair, and they understand the common thinking mistakes people make.(有些人认为治疗只适用于那些极其复杂且无法解决的问题。然而，这种观点是完全错误的。咨询师或治疗师能够帮助你进行自我分析。他们经过专业培训，公正客观，并且深知人们常犯的思维错误)”可知，空格为段落小标题，需概括后文核心内容。后文围绕“咨询师或治疗师能帮助你做自我分析”展开，B项“寻求专业人士的帮助”直接点明主题，是段落内容的精准概括。故选B。 二、完形填空 Ella, together with her dad and grandma, moved to Alaska when dad got a railroad job there. Ella loved the new place 22 . Grandma, though, hated it. She 23 about the bone-chilling cold. She spent her days by the window, her knitting needles idle in her lap, longing for the Kansas sun and her 24 . Ella’s worry grew into a tight knot in her chest. 25 , she turned to her new friend, Sarah, and her kind aunt, Grace. “She 26 her sunflowers,” Ella explained. Grace suggested making a sunflower-patterned quilt. The three secretly sewed it, using 27 threads for sunflowers Ella fetched from home. Yet Ella soon noticed grandma growing 28 — she even cried one day, saying, “I’m so 29 .” Ella realized she’d been so busy sewing that she’d 30 grandma. What grandma needed wasn’t a quilt, but 31 . Ella took grandma to Sarah’s house, where she 32 the quilt project. Tears filled grandma’s eyes. “You did this for me?” She 33 them, and the four sewed together. They talked, 34 stories of Kansas and Alaska, laughed at Sarah’s jokes, and listened to Grace’s wisdom. Grandma’s skilled fingers guided the younger ones, her laughter joining theirs. Ella knew then that they weren’t just sewing a quilt; they were 35 her grandmother’s heart, and in doing so, they were building a new 36 , together, under the vast Alaskan sky. 22．A．consequently B．instantly C．finally D．casually 23．A．worried B．inquired C．complained D．commented 24．A．quilts B．garden C．neighborhood D．sunflowers 25．A．Desperate B．Confused C．Disappointed D．Awkward 26．A．admires B．cuts C．misses D．plants 27．A．strong B．bright C．expensive D．rare 28．A．weaker B．older C．stranger D．sadder 29．A．exhausted B．worthless C．hopeless D．homesick 30．A．deserted B．neglected C．blamed D．spoiled 31．A．encouragement B．help C．company D．pity 32．A．revealed B．evaluated C．accomplished D．designed 33．A．comforted B．observed C．congratulated D．joined 34．A．shared B．read C．invented D．adapted 35．A．opening B．winning C．softening D．mending 36．A．relationship B．life C．identity D．style 【答案】 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．B 28．D 29．D 30．B 31．C 32．A 33．D 34．A 35．D 36．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Ella随家人搬到阿拉斯加后，通过和朋友、阿姨一起为奶奶缝制被子，在阿拉斯加开启新生活的故事。 22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ella立刻就爱上了这个新地方。A. consequently因此；B. instantly立刻；C. finally最终；D. casually随意地。根据前文“Ella loved the new place”可知，Ella对新地方的喜爱是即时的。故选B。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她抱怨刺骨的寒冷。A. worried担心；B. inquired询问；C. complained抱怨；D. commented评论。根据前文“Grandma, though, hated it.”可知奶奶不喜欢阿拉斯加，会抱怨寒冷。故选C。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她整天坐在窗边，编织针在腿上闲置着，渴望堪萨斯的阳光和她的向日葵。A. quilts被子；B. garden花园；C. neighborhood街区；D. sunflowers向日葵。根据后文“She __5__ her sunflowers”可知，此处是指向日葵。故选D。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：绝望中，她向她的新朋友Sarah和善良的阿姨Grace求助。A. Desperate绝望的；B. Confused困惑的；C. Disappointed失望的；D. Awkward尴尬的。根据前文“Ella’s worry grew into a tight knot in her chest.”可知Ella很担心，所以是绝望地寻求帮助。故选 A。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“她想念她的向日葵，”Ella 解释道。A. admires钦佩；B. cuts切割；C. misses想念；D. plants种植。根据前文“longing for the Kansas sun and her __ 3 __.”以及后文“Grace suggested making a sunflower-patterned quilt.”可知，此处是指奶奶想念向日葵。故选C。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：三个人秘密地缝制它，使用 Ella 从家里拿来的明亮的线来制作向日葵。A. strong强壮的；B. bright鲜艳的，明亮的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. rare稀有的。向日葵颜色明亮，所以用明亮的线制作。根据前文“making a sunflower-patterned quilt”可知，用颜色鲜艳的线缝制贴合向日葵花瓣颜色鲜艳夺目的特征。故选B。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Ella很快注意到奶奶变得更悲伤了——有一天她甚至哭了，说：“我太想家了。”A. weaker更弱的；B. older更老的；C. stranger更陌生的；D. sadder更悲伤的。根据后文“she even cried one day”可知，此处是指奶奶更悲伤了。故选D。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Ella很快注意到奶奶变得更悲伤了——有一天她甚至哭了，说：“我太想家了。”A. exhausted疲惫的；B. worthless无价值的；C. hopeless绝望的；D. homesick想家的。根据前文“Ella loved the new place __1__. Grandma, though, hated it.”以及“longing for the Kansas sun”可知，此处是指奶奶想家。故选D。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ella意识到她一直忙着缝纫，忽视了奶奶。A. deserted抛弃；B. neglected忽视；C. blamed责备；D. spoiled宠坏。根据前文“she even cried one day”以及“Ella realized she’d been so busy sewing”可知，此处是指Ella忽视了奶奶。故选B。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：奶奶需要的不是被子，而是陪伴。A. encouragement鼓励；B. help帮助；C. company陪伴；D. pity同情。根据前文“she’d been so busy sewing”可知，此处是指Ella忙于做被子，以至于没能陪伴奶奶。故选C。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ella带奶奶去Sarah家，在那里她透露了被子的计划。A. revealed透露，揭示；B. evaluated评估；C. accomplished完成；D. designed设计。根据前文“secretly sewed it”可知，之前是秘密缝制，现在告诉了奶奶，所以是透露被子的计划。故选A。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她加入了她们，四个人一起缝制。A. comforted安慰；B. observed观察；C. congratulated祝贺；D. joined加入。根据前文“The three secretly sewed it”以及后文“the four sewed together” 可知，此处是指奶奶加入了她们三人当中一起织被子。故选D。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她们分享堪萨斯和阿拉斯加的故事，听Sarah的笑话大笑，聆听Grace的智慧。A. shared分享；B. read阅读；C. invented发明；D. adapted适应。根据后文“stories of Kansas and Alaska” 可知，此处是指她们聚在一起聊天谈心、分享故事。故选A。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ella那时知道，她们不仅仅是在缝制一床被子，更是在修补奶奶的心，在这个过程中，她们在阿拉斯加广阔的天空下，共同构筑一种崭新的生活。A. opening打开；B. winning赢得；C. softening软化；使柔和；缓和；D. mending修补。根据前文“she even cried one day”和后文“Grandma’s skilled fingers guided the younger ones, her laughter joining theirs.”可知，此处侧重修补奶奶受伤的心情，mending更贴合弥补思念带来的心灵空缺的语境。故选D。 36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ella那时知道，她们不仅仅是在缝制一床被子，更是在修补奶奶的心，在这个过程中，她们在阿拉斯加广阔的天空下，共同构筑一种崭新的生活。A. relationship关系；B. life生活；C. identity身份；D. style风格。根据前文“moved to Alaska”可知，搬到阿拉斯加后，她们一起在新的城市构筑了新的生活。故选B。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Once buried in the dust of archaeological sites, oracle bone inscriptions(甲骨文) are now breathing new vitality into contemporary culture in various areas. In the field of design, these age-old characters have evolved into trendy elements. A well-known clothing brand, for instance, launched a T-shirt collection 37 (feature) oracle bone inscriptions. The unique combination appealed to young consumers, contributing to a rapid sell-out online. Digital media has also served as 38 bridge to popularize this ancient writing. A short video series 39 (title) Oracle Bone Stories has gained over 10 million views, each episode 40 (creative) employing animations to explain the origin of a character. Education is another stage 41 oracle bone inscriptions are making their mark. Many high schools in China have included oracle bone studies in their 42 (option) courses. Students practice copying basic characters and interpreting their meanings, which fosters a deeper affection 43 Chinese culture. A student shared, “I used to find ancient writing boring, but now I realize each character is like a fascinating story.” Therefore, this ancient cultural heritage 44 (integrate) into modern life deeply so far. This creative integration of tradition and modernity 45 (prove) that oracle bone inscriptions are not mere heritages of the past 46 a dynamic part of Chinese culture that continues to inspire new forms of expression. 【答案】 37．featuring 38．a 39．titled 40．creatively 41．where 42．optional 43．for 44．has been integrated 45．proves 46．but 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了甲骨文从考古遗址重焕生机，在设计、数字媒体、教育等领域融入当代生活，通过创意结合传统与现代，成为持续激发表达新形式的鲜活中华文化部分。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，一家知名的服装品牌推出了一款以甲骨文图案为元素的T恤系列。此处feature与collection构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填featuring。 38．考查冠词。句意：数字媒体也起到了推广这种古老文字的作用，成为了一座桥梁。此处bridge为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：一个名为《甲骨文故事》的短视频系列已获得了超过1000万次的观看量，每一集都通过创新的动画形式来解释一个汉字的起源。此处title与series构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填titled。 40．考查副词。句意：一个名为《甲骨文故事》的短视频系列已获得了超过1000万次的观看量，每一集都通过创新的动画形式来解释一个汉字的起源。修饰employ用副词creatively。故填creatively。 41．考查定语从句。句意：教育又是另一处彰显甲骨文作用的领域。定语从句修饰先行词stage，在从句作地点状语。故填where。 42．考查形容词。句意：中国许多高中已将甲骨文研究纳入了选修课程。修饰名词courses用形容词optional。故填optional。 43．考查介词。句意：学生们练习临摹基本汉字并理解其含义，这有助于他们更深入地喜爱上中国文化。短语affection for表示“喜爱”。故填for。 44．考查时态语态。句意：因此，这种古老的文化遗产至今已经深深地融入了现代生活之中。主语heritage与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文so far可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been integrated。 45．考查时态。句意：这种将传统与现代巧妙融合的做法表明，甲骨文并非仅仅是过去的遗产，而是一种持续推动中国文化发展的充满活力的元素，不断激发着新的表达形式。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为integration，谓语用三单形式。故填proves。 46．考查固定句型。句意：这种将传统与现代巧妙融合的做法表明，甲骨文并非仅仅是过去的遗产，而是一种持续推动中国文化发展的充满活力的元素，不断激发着新的表达形式。短语not mere…but…表示“并非仅仅……而是……”。故填but。 四、书信写作 47．假定你是李华。你的美国交换生朋友Linda发邮件给你，她因为即将参加你市举办的汉语朗诵比赛 (Chinese Recitation Competition) 而感到紧张。请你用英语给她回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 提出建议； 2. 表达祝愿。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 Dear Linda, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Linda, Knowing that you are nervous about the coming competition, I am more than willing to help you overcome your fears. It is normal to feel nervous before an important competition. Actually, many people feel terrified when asked to talk in public. However, these fears can be reduced by good preparation. First of all, you can memorize the content you will present. Then, I suggest you spend time improving your pronunciation. The more you practice, the more confident you will become. Most importantly, just enjoy yourself and don’t care too much about the result. Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生针对好友Linda在汉语比赛前感到紧张的情况给予建议，并祝愿她取得好成绩。 【详解】1.词汇积累 即将来临的：coming→approaching/forthcoming 克服：overcome→get over 紧张的：nervous→anxious/stressed/tense 害怕的：terrified→dreadful/horrified 2.句型拓展： 简单句变复合句 原句：It is normal to feel nervous before an important competition. 拓展句：What you must konw is that it is normal to feel nervous before an important competition. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you are nervous about the coming competition, I am more than willing to help you overcome your fears.(运用了现在分词作状语，以及that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Actually, many people feel terrified when asked to talk in public.(运用了状语从句的省略) 五、书面表达 48．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A Dollar on the Conscience (良心) “A dollar per pound, right?” The woman was already opening her wallet. Actually, the price was eighty-five cents per pound, and that’s what Mark, the grocery store clerk, had told her. But she’d misunderstood. Mark had a solid reputation in the community. People knew him as an honest guy, a straight shooter. And he liked that. He liked it a lot. It gave him a sense of pride, knowing that people saw him as a good person. “But what if I just let this one slide?” he thought as soon as she said “a dollar per pound”. It’s just fifteen cents. What’s the harm in that? As the woman loaded up on apples, he hesitated. His conscience was nagging (纠缠) at him, reminding him that it wasn’t right. “Don’t do it, Mark,” he told himself. “It’s not worth it.” But the words wouldn’t come out. Instead, he silently bagged the apples and placed them on the scale (秤). “Not too bad for the price,” the woman remarked, smiling as she handed him a ten dollar bill. “No, not bad at all,” Mark replied, his hand moving almost on autopilot (机械地) as he counted out the change. “Why didn’t I just correct her?” he scolded himself, feeling a pit in his stomach. He knew he was doing something wrong, but for some reason, he just couldn’t stop himself. The extra dollar felt heavier in his pocket than any coin he’d ever handled. “Can you have them delivered to 200 Maple Street?” she asked, giving him another polite smile. Mark nodded, still unable to find his voice. He watched her leave, the doorbell ringing as she stepped out onto the sidewalk. “Tell her, tell her there was a mistake,” his mind screamed. “Just run after her and give it back. She’ll understand.” But the words got stuck in his throat. Instead, he watched her walk away, disappearing into the city’s hustle and bustle. It’s funny how something so small-a single dollar-can mess with your head. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Mark couldn’t shake the feeling that he’d done something terribly wrong. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next morning, as soon as Mark got to work, he saw the woman from the day before walked in. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Mark couldn’t shake the feeling that he’d done something terribly wrong. Throughout the day, the extra dollar burned a hole in his pocket, a constant reminder of his dishonesty. He couldn't focus on his work, constantly replaying the scene in his mind. He knew he had to make things right, but the thought of facing the woman and admitting his mistake filled him with dread. Finally, he decided to take action. He wrote a note explaining the situation, enclosed the extra dollar, and prepared to deliver it to her house after work.   The next morning, as soon as Mark got to work, he saw the woman from the day before walked in. His heart skipped a beat as he watched her approach the counter. Before she could say anything, Mark reached out and handed her the note and the dollar. “I’m sorry,” he said, his voice trembling. “I made a mistake yesterday. The apples were actually eighty-five cents per pound.” The woman looked surprised for a moment, then smiled warmly. “Thank you for your honesty,” she said, her words easing Mark’s guilt. He felt a weight lift off his shoulders, knowing he had done the right thing. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述了Mark作为杂货店店员，在面对顾客误解价格时，因一时贪念多收了顾客十五美分，但随后良心不安，决定纠正错误的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“马克无法摆脱自己犯了大错的感觉。”可知，第一段可描写Mark内心的挣扎与不安，以及他最终决定采取行动纠正错误的决心和过程。他写了一张便条解释情况，并附上了多收的一美元，准备下班后送到顾客家中。 ②由第二段首句内容“第二天早上，马克刚到公司，就看到前一天见到的那位女士走了进来。”可知，第二段可描写Mark在顾客再次光临时，如何鼓起勇气向顾客道歉并归还多收的钱，以及顾客的反应和Mark因此感到的释然。 2.续写线索：内心挣扎——决定纠正错误——写便条附钱——顾客再次光临——道歉还钱——顾客反应——Mark释然 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①集中注意力：focus on/concentrate on ②采取行动：take action/take steps/act on it ③递给某人某物：hand sb. sth./pass sth. to sb. 情绪类 ①恐惧：dread/fear ②惊讶的：surprised/astonished/shocked 【点睛】【高分句型1】He knew he had to make things right, but the thought of facing the woman and admitting his mistake filled him with dread.（运用了that引导的宾语从句，that被省略） 【高分句型2】His heart skipped a beat as he watched her approach the counter.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句） / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $