专题05 时态、语态、主谓一致 （知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，广东专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题05 时态、语态、主谓一致 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 时态的要求： 一般现在时：考生需掌握表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与often、always、usually等频度副词连用；还可表示客观真理、自然现象等。例如：The earth goes around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转）；He usually gets up at 6:00.（他通常6点起床）。 一般过去时：要求掌握表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday、last week、in 2020等表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：She went to Beijing last month.（她上个月去了北京）；They were students ten years ago.（十年前他们是学生）。 一般将来时：需掌握“will/shall + 动词原形”“be going to + 动词原形”的用法，“will/shall + 动词原形”表将来的动作或状态，“be going to + 动词原形”可表计划、打算或有迹象表明将要发生的事。例如：I will visit my grandma tomorrow.（我明天将去看望我奶奶）；It’s going to rain.（天要下雨了）。 现在进行时：要掌握表示现在正在进行的动作，结构为“am/is/are + 现在分词”，常与now、at the moment等时间状语连用。例如：She is reading a book now.（她现在正在读一本书）；They are playing football on the playground.（他们正在操场上踢足球）。 过去进行时：需掌握表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，结构为“was/were + 现在分词”，常与at that time、when引导的时间状语从句等连用。例如：I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night.（昨晚8点我正在做作业）；When he came in, she was watching TV.（当他进来时，她正在看电视）。 现在完成时：要求掌握表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，常与already、yet、ever、never、since、for等连用。例如：I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了我的作业）；He has lived here for ten years.（他已经在这里住了十年了）。 语态的要求： 考生需掌握主动语态和被动语态的转换，被动语态的结构为“be + 过去分词”，不同时态的被动语态通过be动词的时态变化来体现。例如：主动语态We clean the classroom every day. 被动语态The classroom is cleaned by us every day.（教室每天被我们打扫）；主动语态They built the bridge last year. 被动语态The bridge was built by them last year.（这座桥去年被他们建造）。 主谓一致的分类要求： 语法一致：考生需掌握主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即单数主语用单数谓语，复数主语用复数谓语。例如：A student is waiting for you.（一个学生正在等你）；Many students are playing outside.（许多学生正在外面玩）。 意义一致：要求掌握根据主语所表达的意义来确定谓语的单复数，如集合名词family、class、team等，若表示整体，谓语用单数；若表示个体成员，谓语用复数。例如：My family is a big one.（我的家庭是一个大家庭）；My family are watching TV now.（我的家人现在正在看电视）。还有不定代词somebody、anybody、everybody、nobody、someone、anyone、everyone、no one等作主语时，谓语用单数。例如：Someone is knocking at the door.（有人在敲门）。 就近一致：需掌握由either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式与靠近它的主语保持一致。例如：Either you or he is wrong.（要么你错了，要么他错了）；Not only the teacher but also the students are interested in the film.（不仅老师而且学生们都对这部电影感兴趣）。 考点一：时态的用法 语法类别 细分考点 规则 例词 / 例句 时态 一般现在时 表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理，常与频度副词（如 often、always）或无时间状语连用 He often plays basketball.（经常性动作）；The sun rises in the east.（客观真理） 时态 一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或状态，常与 yesterday、last week、in 2020 等过去时间状语连用 She went to the park yesterday.；They were happy before. 时态 一般将来时 “will/shall + 动词原形” 表将来动作；“be going to + 动词原形” 表计划、打算或有迹象表明的将来 I will visit my aunt tomorrow.；It's going to rain soon. 时态 现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作，结构为 “am/is/are + 现在分词”，常与 now、at the moment 连用 We are having a class now.；She is reading a book. 时态 过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或时间段正在进行的动作，结构为 “was/were + 现在分词”，常与 at that time、when 引导的时间状语从句连用 He was doing homework at 8 last night.；When I came in, she was watching TV. 时态 现在完成时 表示过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在，结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”，常与 already、yet、ever、never、since、for 连用 I have finished my work.；They have lived here for five years. 考点二：语态的用法 语法类别 细分考点 规则 例词 / 例句 语态 被动语态 结构为 “be + 过去分词”，不同时态通过 be 动词的时态变化来体现 The classroom is cleaned every day.（一般现在时被动）；The house was built last year.（一般过去时被动） 考点三：主谓一致的用法 语法类别 细分考点 规则 例词 / 例句 主谓一致 语法 一致 单数主语用单数谓语，复数主语用复数谓语 A dog runs fast.；Two dogs run fast. 主谓一致 意义 一致 集合名词（如 family、class）表整体用单数谓语，表个体成员用复数谓语；不定代词（如 somebody、anyone）作主语用单数谓语 My family is big.（表整体）；My family are watching TV.（表个体）；Someone is here. 主谓一致 就近 一致 由 either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also... 连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式与靠近它的主语保持一致 Either you or he is right.；Not only the teacher but also the students are here. 练 考点一：时态的用法 1. By the time we arrive at the station, the train ______ (leave) for 15 minutes. 2. She ______ (work) in this company for 8 years when she takes over the manager position next month. 3. While I ______ (prepare) dinner last night, my brother ______ (call) to tell me about his new job. 4. The scientist ______ (devote) most of his life to researching renewable energy since he graduated from college. 5. Look at the dark clouds! It ______ (rain) heavily in a few minutes. 6. He ______ (not realize) how important English is until he failed the international communication test last year. 7. My parents ______ (visit) my grandparents every weekend, but they ______ (not go) last week because my mother was ill. 8. By the end of last term, we ______ (learn) more than 2000 English words. 9. The little girl ______ (cry) because she can’t find her mother now. 10. Our teacher told us that the earth ______ (go) around the sun. 1. —When ______ you ______ the new smartphone? —Last Friday. A. do; buy B. did; buy C. will; buy D. have; bought 2. By the time the concert starts, all the tickets ______ out. A. sell B. sold C. will be sold D. will have been sold 3. My brother ______ in Shanghai for 5 years before he moved to Guangzhou last year. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. had worked 4. Listen! Someone ______ songs in the next room. A. sing B. sings C. is singing D. will sing 5. —______ you ______ the film *The Wandering Earth 2*? —Yes, I ______ it last month. A. Have; seen; saw B. Did; see; saw C. Have; seen; have seen D. Will; see; see 6. If it ______ tomorrow, we ______ the picnic. A. rains; will cancel B. will rain; cancel C. rains; cancel D. will rain; will cancel 7. The number of students in our school ______ by 10% in the past three years. A. increases B. increased C. has increased D. will increase 8. While Tom ______ his homework, his sister ______ TV. A. does; watches B. was doing; was watching C. did; watched D. is doing; is watching 9. Our teacher said that light ______ faster than sound. A. travel B. travels C. traveled D. will travel 10. They ______ for the bus for 20 minutes when the bus finally arrived. A. wait B. waited C. are waiting D. had been waiting 考点二：语态的用法 1. The ancient building ______ (repair) by workers for nearly a month and it will open to the public next week. 2. It is reported that more than 500 new books ______ (donate) to the mountain school by the end of this month. 3. The meeting room ______ (clean) when we arrived there this morning, so we had to wait outside. 4. The valuable painting ______ (steal) from the museum last night, and the police are now investigating the case. 5. Students ______ (not allow) to bring mobile phones into the exam room according to the school rules. 6. By the time we attended the lecture, the topic ______ (already discuss) by the speaker for 20 minutes. 7. A new library ______ (build) in our community now, and it is expected to be completed next year. 8. The letters ______ (sort) by the postmen every morning before they are delivered. 9. The problem ______ (solve) by the experts at the meeting yesterday, but we need to wait for the final report. 10. More attention ______ (pay) to environmental protection in recent years as people’s awareness increases. 1. The old temple ______ since last year and it will be open to visitors in 2025. A. repairs B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. has been being repaired 2. —When ______ the sports meeting ______? —It ______ next Friday if the weather is fine. A. will; hold; will be held B. is; held; will be held C. will; be held; will be held D. will; be held; is held 3. The machine ______ by the engineer now because it stopped working an hour ago. A. checks B. is checked C. is being checked D. has been checked 4. Many trees ______ in our city every spring to improve the environment. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. will be planted 5. The novel ______ by a famous writer in the 1990s and it has been translated into 10 languages. A. writes B. wrote C. was written D. has been written 6. By the time you receive this letter, I ______ to another city for work. A. will move B. will have moved C. am moving D. have moved 7. The classroom ______ when the fire alarm went off yesterday afternoon. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. was being cleaned D. had been cleaned 8. Rules ______ to keep order in the school, so everyone must follow them. A. make B. are made C. made D. will be made 9. The results of the exam ______ to the students next Monday. A. will announce B. will be announced C. announce D. are announced 10. The bridge ______ for 50 years, but it is still in good condition. A. builds B. is built C. has built D. has been built 考点三：主谓一致的用法 1. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ (be) interested in the new science exhibition. 2. The family ______ (be) a big one, and all the members ______ (get) on well with each other. 3. Three fourths of the land in this area ______ (be) covered with trees and grass. 4. Either you or your brother ______ (have) to take care of your sick mother at home. 5. A number of volunteers ______ (come) to help clean the park every weekend, and the number of them ______ (increase) recently. 6. What he said at the meeting ______ (be) very important for our project. 7. Neither the manager nor the workers ______ (agree) with the new plan put forward by the company. 8. Physics ______ (be) my favorite subject because it is challenging and interesting. 9. Each of the students ______ (have) a new textbook and a dictionary for the new term. 10. The police ______ (search) for the missing child in the neighborhood now, and some volunteers are helping them. 1. —How many people ______ in your family? —There ______ three people: my parents and me. A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are 2. Not only my friends but also I ______ looking forward to the summer vacation. A. am B. is C. are D. be 3. The number of books in our school library ______ more than 50,000. A. is B. are C. have D. has 4. Either you or your sister ______ to go to the supermarket to buy some milk. A. need B. needs C. needing D. to need 5. Two thirds of the water in this river ______ polluted by the nearby factories. A. is B. are C. has D. have 6. My family ______ watching TV together when I got home yesterday. A. was B. were C. is D. are 7. What ______ your favorite sports? Football and basketball. A. is B. are C. was D. were 8. Neither the students nor the teacher ______ the answer to this difficult question. A. know B. knows C. knowing D. to know 9. Mathematics ______ not easy for everyone, but it is very useful in daily life. A. is B. are C. was D. were 10. A number of students ______ playing basketball on the playground now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 一、单项选择 1. —How long ______ you ______ this novel? I remember you started it last week. —Nearly finished. I ______ it for three days. A. did; read; read B. have; read; have been reading C. will; read; have read D. do; read; am reading 2. The ancient temple ______ by workers for nearly a month and it ______ to the public next month. A. repairs; opens B. is repaired; will open C. has been being repaired; will be opened D. repaired; was opened 3. Not only my parents but also my brother ______ interested in hiking. A. am B. is C. are D. be 4. —I called you at 8 o'clock last night, but no one answered. —Sorry, I ______ my little brother with his homework while my parents ______ dinner. A. help; cook B. helped; cooked C. was helping; were cooking D. am helping; are cooking 5. A new library ______ in our community next year. A. builds B. built C. will be built D. is built 6. The number of students in our class ______ 45, and a number of them ______ from the countryside. A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is 7. By the time the firemen arrived at the scene, the big fire ______ most of the building and many people ______ to safety. A. destroyed; were rescued B. had destroyed; had been rescued C. has destroyed; are rescued D. will destroy; will be rescued 8. Vegetables ______ every day to keep them fresh. A. water B. are watered C. watered D. will water 9. Either you or your sister ______ to take care of the little baby. A. need B. needs C. needing D. to need 10. Our physics teacher told us that the earth ______ around the sun and the moon ______ around the earth. A. travel; go B. travels; goes C. traveled; went D. will travel; will go 二、单句语法填空 11. My uncle ______ (work) as an engineer in this company for 10 years before he ______ (move) to Beijing last year. 12. The results of the competition ______ (not announce) yet, and all the participants ______ (wait) anxiously for them now. 13. Neither Tom nor his friends ______ (like) playing computer games for a long time. 14. When I arrived at the party, most people ______ (dance) happily. 15. A new bridge ______ (build) over the river since last summer, and it ______ (expect) to reduce traffic pressure when it is completed. 。 16. Three fifths of the land in this area ______ (be) covered with forests. 17. By the time we ______ (attend) the lecture next Friday, the professor ______ (give) the same topic in three other universities. 18. The old photos ______ (take) by my grandfather when he was young. 19. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ (prepare) for the coming exam these days. 20. If you ______ (not finish) your homework by 9 o'clock tonight, you ______ (not be allowed) to watch the football match. 一、阅读理解 A （2025年第一次广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷02）Chinese New Year is right around the corner! This is the time of year when we “sweep away the dust". We give our homes a good, thorough cleaning. We do this in order to make a clean, first start in the new year. Another great way to start fresh is to get rid of all the clutter. Over a year ago, I did just that. In preparation for a move, I found a lot of things were not used. So l gave away around 75 percent of my clothes. I got rid of 60 percent of my furnishings. A first, I was afraid I would miss those things. However, I soon realized what a burden on my life that excess had become. I found that caring for fewer things means more time to spend with friends and family. Here are some benefits simply: More free time. The more things you own, the more time you’ spend cleaning and organizing them. Keep only the items you need, use or enjoy. You’ll be surprised at how much time you’ll have to do what you actually want to do. More money. As you stop buying things you don’t need, your finances will improve. You can save the extra money and take a special trip or an interesting class instead. Learn to reward yourself with rich experiences, not things. Changed values. Once you break the accumulation (累积) habit, your values shift. You come to realize that things don’t bring lasting happiness. True joy comes from making memories with loved ones. Living simply lowers your stress level, improves your health and allows you to focus on what’s important. The good news is that you don’t have to wait for a holiday to start living simply. Start living with less today and discover the peace and happiness this lifestyle can bring. 21．We clean our homes when Chinese New Year is coming because __________. A．we will have a lot of visitors B．we want to have a good new beginning C．we don’t like some old clothes any more D．we are making preparations for a move 22．The underlined word “clutter” in Paragraph 2 probably means “something ________”. A．ugly B．strange C．old-fashioned D．unnecessary 23．After the writer got rid of some of her clothes, she ________. A．got a feeling of joy B．missed those things C．regretted her decisions D．began to buy new clothes 24．Living simply can bring us the following benefits EXCEPT _________. A．more free time to enjoy life B．less stress and better health C．more chances to get promoted D．more money for rich experiences 25．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Living with less B．Buying things you need C．Having a thorough cleaning D．Discovering lasting happiness B （2023年第一次广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试）A new interactive (互动的)map shows which parts of the world have been hit hardest by climate change. The map, called ClimateEX, allows users to see how global warming (全球 变暖)influences temperature and rainfall across the Earth. The map shows, in the UK, areas of eastern Scotland have been most influenced by climate change. In the US, the west coast has seen a rise in temperature and loss of rainfall. The map also shows that over the next 50 years parts of Wales and northeast England will see big changes to their climate. Developed by a scientist at the University of Cincinnati, the map uses 50 years of public climate data from 50, 000 international weather stations around the Earth. It shows not only how the climate has changed, But also what will possibly happen by the year 2070. According to the map over the next 50 years Central America will be subject to terrible heat and rainfall. Papua New Guinea, southeastern China, the west coast of the US, Greenland and the Arctic are also easily influenced, most importantly for sea level change. ClimateEX can also help users search for places where climate change may lead to extreme phenomena (现象)in the future. The user simply touches the place where storms are frequent at present on the map and then ClimateEX will show all the places where storms are likely to happen in 50 years. 26. A rise in temperature and loss of rainfall have happened in ____. A. the US B. China C. Papua New Guinea D. the UK 27. The map tells the climate change in the future by _. A. setting up weather stations B. recording rainfall C. measuring the sea levels D. using past climate data 28. The underlined phrase be subject to in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____. A. cause B. suffer C. avoid D. change 29. According to the last paragraph, the map can _____. A. reduce the influences of climate change B. change the climates of different countries C. show where extreme climates will happen D. suggest how people deal with climate change 30. What is the best title for the passage? A. Increasing Rainfall B. An Amazing Map C A Map of the World D. Changeable Climate C （2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷A）At first, I didn’t recognize the symptoms that we all had in common. Friends mentioned that they were having trouble concentrating. It wasn’t burnout—we still had energy. It wasn’t depression—we didn’t feel hopeless. We just felt somewhat joyless and aimless. It turns out there’s a name for that: languishing. Languishing is a sense of inactivity and emptiness. It feels as if you’re muddling through your days, looking at your life through a foggy windshield. In psychology, we think about mental health on a spectrum from depression to flourishing. Flourishing is the peak of well-being. Depression is the valley of well-being. Languishing is the neglected middle child of mental health. It’s the emptiness between depression and flourishing—the absence of well-being. You’re not functioning at full capacity. Languishing dulls your motivation, disrupts your ability to focus, and greatly increases the possibility that you’ll cut back on work. Part of the danger is that when you’re languishing, you might not notice the dulling of delight or the decreasing of drive. You don’t catch yourself slipping slowly into aloneness; you’re indifferent to your indifference. When you can’t see your own suffering, you don’t seek help or even do much to help yourself. So what can we do about it? People who became more focused on their work managed to avoid languishing. Interrupted attention is an enemy of engagement and excellence. To go beyond languishing, give yourself some uninterrupted time. It clears out constant distractions and gives us the freedom to focus. And try starting with small wins by focusing on a challenge that matters to you—an interesting project, a worthwhile goal, Or a meaningful conversation. We still have a lot to learn about what causes languishing and how to cure it, but naming it might be a first step. It could help to defog our vision, giving us a clearer window into what had been an unclear experience. It could remind us that we weren’t alone: languishing is common and shared. By acknowledging that so many of us are languishing, we can start giving voice to quiet despair and lighting a path out of the emptiness. 31. Which definition best suits the word “languishing”? A. Feeling exhausted and without hope B. Becoming weaker or failing to improve C. Making someone want to achieve something D. Going beyond the usual limits of something 32. Which of the following can be described as languishing? A. Seeking help when you are suffering B. Realizing that you are not alone in despair C. Giving yourself some uninterrupted time D. Being indifferent to your lack of enthusiasm 33. What could psychologists do to help solve the problems of languishing? A. Give people more freedom B. See it as depression C. Name it clearly D. Remove it from a spectrum 34. Why is it significant to know languishing is common and shared? A. We can let the silent despair speak up and find a way out B. We can continue to learn more about languishing C. We can see it as basically the same as depression D. We can study it as the complete opposite of flourishing 35. Which can be the best title of the passage? A. Languishing—a common symptom B. Languishing—a mental health problem C. Concentrating—a way to avoid languishing D. Quieter despair—danger of languishing D （2023年3月辽宁省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷2） If you begin a new job, it is important for you to make the right impression from the very first day. You will face new people. You will be in a new place. It may be difficult to know what to do. _____36_____. ●First impressions can last forever. _____37_____. Before your first day, find out if your new job has a rule about what you can wear to work. If so, be sure to follow it. No matter what you wear, always be neat and clean. ●_____38_____. Give yourself an extra 15 minutes to make sure you arrive on time. ●Pay attention to introductions. One of the first things that your supervisor (主管) may do is to introduce you to co-workers. _____39_____. They are the ones who will answer your questions when the boss is not around. ●Never be the first one to leave. Observe what your co-workers do around quitting time (下班时间). _____40_____. If you follow the suggestions above, you will make it through the first days at a new job. A．Get to work on time B．Here are four suggestions for you C．You should keep your promise D．Try to work harder to have a rise E．Be sure to make a good impression F．These co-workers will be important to you G．It doesn’t look good for you to be eager to leave 二、完形填空 （2026年第一次广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语（模拟卷02））I, a 19-year-old kid, was standing on a rugby field, with injuries all over the body and tears in the eyes. However, it was at that time that a 41 told me something that changed my life. Weeks earlier, I had found my way to the women’s rugby club to try the 42 on my college campus and fell in love at my first 43 . The adrenaline (肾上腺素) from taking a hit to the face plus the smell of dirt, grass and sweat 44 a switch in my brain. I was 45 to rugby. But things didn’t go well and it seemed I couldn’t 46 up. I had dropped the ball so many times. I was confused about the 47 . I had sprained my ankle. All of that led to a crisis (危机) of confidence and that life-changing 48 with my coach. I approached her, 49 , and asked, “Am I too terrible at this? Should I keep at it? I don’t want to bring down the whole team.” Then she gave me a 50 gift. She said, “Amy, it’s up to you.” Looking back, it was a defining moment when I started placing more 51 on what I enjoyed and wanted, instead of what others 52 or thought of me. Before long, I became a team captain, a club president, and even a coach. After college, I 53 women’s teams in two states and traveled the country attending 54 . Those games took me to different places all over the world, and no matter where I went, I 55 the coach’s words: “It’s up to you.” 41．A．friend B．parent C．judge D．coach 42．A．sport B．game C．position D．application 43．A．sight B．practice C．glance D．job 44．A．turned on B．replaced C．turned off D．fixed 45．A．applied B．devoted C．addicted D．accustomed 46．A．stay B．keep C．give D．look 47．A．teammates B．rules C．field D．experience 48．A．battle B．debate C．conversation D．training 49．A．guilty B．proud C．excited D．upset 50．A．priceless B．worthless C．meaningless D．selfless 51．A．care B．experiment C．importance D．preference 52．A．noticed B．heard C．spoke D．expected 53．A．founded B．recognized C．imagined D．received 54．A．church B．matches C．celebrations D．class 55．A．promoted B．used C．remembered D．regretted 三、语法填空 （2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷C）When many Chinese woke up on Saturday morning 56. (surprise) learning that the return of Huawei’s Meng Wanzhou to China became a 57. (real), some said it was 58. best news in quite a while.  After being separated for more than 1,000 days, she finally 59. (unite) with her family and such an emotional moment also aroused reactions from ordinary Chinese people who firmly believe that the motherland will always be "on their back" and save 60. from crisis.  "The color red, 61. (symbol) China, lightens the brightness in my heart," Meng said in a post 62. (share) on her WeChat moment on her flight back home, noting 63. she deeply appreciates the motherland and the leadership of the Communist Party of China, as 64. them, she would not have been freed. Many ordinary Chinese cheered Meng’s return, posting welcome notes on social media. Chinese netizens were also 65. (thrill) at the news. 四、应用文写作 （2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷B）假定你是李华。你的好友Chris从微信朋友圈（Wechat Moments）了解到你进入了高三，写信向你了解你的学习生活情况。请给他回信，内容包括： 1.学习生活； 2.学习规划； 3.你的感受。 注意： 1.词数不少于100； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chris, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 时态、语态、主谓一致 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 时态的要求： 一般现在时：考生需掌握表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与often、always、usually等频度副词连用；还可表示客观真理、自然现象等。例如：The earth goes around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转）；He usually gets up at 6:00.（他通常6点起床）。 一般过去时：要求掌握表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday、last week、in 2020等表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：She went to Beijing last month.（她上个月去了北京）；They were students ten years ago.（十年前他们是学生）。 一般将来时：需掌握“will/shall + 动词原形”“be going to + 动词原形”的用法，“will/shall + 动词原形”表将来的动作或状态，“be going to + 动词原形”可表计划、打算或有迹象表明将要发生的事。例如：I will visit my grandma tomorrow.（我明天将去看望我奶奶）；It’s going to rain.（天要下雨了）。 现在进行时：要掌握表示现在正在进行的动作，结构为“am/is/are + 现在分词”，常与now、at the moment等时间状语连用。例如：She is reading a book now.（她现在正在读一本书）；They are playing football on the playground.（他们正在操场上踢足球）。 过去进行时：需掌握表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，结构为“was/were + 现在分词”，常与at that time、when引导的时间状语从句等连用。例如：I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night.（昨晚8点我正在做作业）；When he came in, she was watching TV.（当他进来时，她正在看电视）。 现在完成时：要求掌握表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，常与already、yet、ever、never、since、for等连用。例如：I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了我的作业）；He has lived here for ten years.（他已经在这里住了十年了）。 语态的要求： 考生需掌握主动语态和被动语态的转换，被动语态的结构为“be + 过去分词”，不同时态的被动语态通过be动词的时态变化来体现。例如：主动语态We clean the classroom every day. 被动语态The classroom is cleaned by us every day.（教室每天被我们打扫）；主动语态They built the bridge last year. 被动语态The bridge was built by them last year.（这座桥去年被他们建造）。 主谓一致的分类要求： 语法一致：考生需掌握主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即单数主语用单数谓语，复数主语用复数谓语。例如：A student is waiting for you.（一个学生正在等你）；Many students are playing outside.（许多学生正在外面玩）。 意义一致：要求掌握根据主语所表达的意义来确定谓语的单复数，如集合名词family、class、team等，若表示整体，谓语用单数；若表示个体成员，谓语用复数。例如：My family is a big one.（我的家庭是一个大家庭）；My family are watching TV now.（我的家人现在正在看电视）。还有不定代词somebody、anybody、everybody、nobody、someone、anyone、everyone、no one等作主语时，谓语用单数。例如：Someone is knocking at the door.（有人在敲门）。 就近一致：需掌握由either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式与靠近它的主语保持一致。例如：Either you or he is wrong.（要么你错了，要么他错了）；Not only the teacher but also the students are interested in the film.（不仅老师而且学生们都对这部电影感兴趣）。 考点一：时态的用法 语法类别 细分考点 规则 例词 / 例句 时态 一般现在时 表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理，常与频度副词（如 often、always）或无时间状语连用 He often plays basketball.（经常性动作）；The sun rises in the east.（客观真理） 时态 一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或状态，常与 yesterday、last week、in 2020 等过去时间状语连用 She went to the park yesterday.；They were happy before. 时态 一般将来时 “will/shall + 动词原形” 表将来动作；“be going to + 动词原形” 表计划、打算或有迹象表明的将来 I will visit my aunt tomorrow.；It's going to rain soon. 时态 现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作，结构为 “am/is/are + 现在分词”，常与 now、at the moment 连用 We are having a class now.；She is reading a book. 时态 过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或时间段正在进行的动作，结构为 “was/were + 现在分词”，常与 at that time、when 引导的时间状语从句连用 He was doing homework at 8 last night.；When I came in, she was watching TV. 时态 现在完成时 表示过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在，结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”，常与 already、yet、ever、never、since、for 连用 I have finished my work.；They have lived here for five years. 考点二：语态的用法 语法类别 细分考点 规则 例词 / 例句 语态 被动语态 结构为 “be + 过去分词”，不同时态通过 be 动词的时态变化来体现 The classroom is cleaned every day.（一般现在时被动）；The house was built last year.（一般过去时被动） 考点三：主谓一致的用法 语法类别 细分考点 规则 例词 / 例句 主谓一致 语法 一致 单数主语用单数谓语，复数主语用复数谓语 A dog runs fast.；Two dogs run fast. 主谓一致 意义 一致 集合名词（如 family、class）表整体用单数谓语，表个体成员用复数谓语；不定代词（如 somebody、anyone）作主语用单数谓语 My family is big.（表整体）；My family are watching TV.（表个体）；Someone is here. 主谓一致 就近 一致 由 either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also... 连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式与靠近它的主语保持一致 Either you or he is right.；Not only the teacher but also the students are here. 练 考点一：时态的用法 1. By the time we arrive at the station, the train ______ (leave) for 15 minutes. 【答案】will have been away 【详解】考查将来完成时。句意为“等我们到达车站时，火车已经开了15分钟了”。“By the time + 一般现在时”表将来时间，主句需用将来完成时；“leave”是短暂性动词，与“for 15 minutes”连用时需转化为延续性短语“be away”，故填“will have been away”。 2. She ______ (work) in this company for 8 years when she takes over the manager position next month. 【答案】will have worked 【详解】考查将来完成时。句意为“当她下个月接任经理职位时，已经在这家公司工作8年了”。“next month”是将来时间，“for 8 years”表动作持续时长，需用将来完成时“will have + 过去分词”，故填“will have worked”。 3. While I ______ (prepare) dinner last night, my brother ______ (call) to tell me about his new job. 【答案】was preparing; called 【详解】考查过去进行时与一般过去时。句意为“昨晚我正在准备晚饭时，我哥哥打电话告诉我他的新工作”。“while”引导的时间状语从句表过去持续进行的动作，用过去进行时；主句表短暂性动作，用一般过去时，故填“was preparing; called”。 4. The scientist ______ (devote) most of his life to researching renewable energy since he graduated from college. 【答案】has devoted 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意为“这位科学家从大学毕业以来，把大部分生命都投入到可再生能源研究中”。“since + 一般过去时”是现在完成时标志，主语“the scientist”是单数，故填“has devoted”。 5. Look at the dark clouds! It ______ (rain) heavily in a few minutes. 【答案】is going to rain 【详解】考查一般将来时。句意为“看那些乌云！几分钟后就要下大雨了”。“dark clouds”是明显迹象，表“有迹象表明将要发生某事”用“be going to + 动词原形”，主语“it”用“is”，故填“is going to rain”。 6. He ______ (not realize) how important English is until he failed the international communication test last year. 【答案】didn’t realize 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意为“直到去年国际交流测试失败，他才意识到英语有多重要”。“not...until...”引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时，否定式借助助动词“did”，故填“didn’t realize”。 7. My parents ______ (visit) my grandparents every weekend, but they ______ (not go) last week because my mother was ill. 【答案】visit; didn’t go 【详解】考查一般现在时与一般过去时。句意为“我父母每个周末都去看望祖父母，但上周因为妈妈生病没去”。“every weekend”表经常性动作，用一般现在时；“last week”表过去时间，否定式借助“did”，故填“visit; didn’t go”。 8. By the end of last term, we ______ (learn) more than 2000 English words. 【答案】had learned 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意为“到上学期末，我们已经学了2000多个英语单词”。“By the end of + 过去时间”是过去完成时标志，表“过去某一时间前已完成的动作”，故填“had learned”。 9. The little girl ______ (cry) because she can’t find her mother now. 【答案】is crying 【详解】考查现在进行时。句意为“这个小女孩正在哭，因为她现在找不到妈妈了”。“now”表动作正在进行，结构为“am/is/are + 现在分词”，主语“the little girl”是单数，故填“is crying”。 10. Our teacher told us that the earth ______ (go) around the sun. 【答案】goes 【详解】考查一般现在时。句意为“老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转”。宾语从句中表客观真理，不受主句时态影响，用一般现在时，主语“the earth”是单数，故填“goes”。 1. —When ______ you ______ the new smartphone? —Last Friday. A. do; buy B. did; buy C. will; buy D. have; bought 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意为“——你什么时候买的这部新智能手机？——上周五”。“Last Friday”是过去时间状语，疑问句需借助助动词“did”，谓语动词用原形，故选B。 2. By the time the concert starts, all the tickets ______ out. A. sell B. sold C. will be sold D. will have been sold 【答案】D 【详解】考查将来完成时的被动语态。句意为“到音乐会开始时，所有的票都将售罄”。“By the time + 一般现在时”表将来，“tickets”与“sell out”是被动关系，需用将来完成时的被动语态“will have been + 过去分词”，故选D。 3. My brother ______ in Shanghai for 5 years before he moved to Guangzhou last year. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. had worked 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意为“我哥哥在去年搬到广州之前，已经在上海工作了5年”。“before + 一般过去时”表“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时，故选D。 4. Listen! Someone ______ songs in the next room. A. sing B. sings C. is singing D. will sing 【答案】C 【详解】考查现在进行时。句意为“听！有人在隔壁房间唱歌”。“Listen!”提示动作正在进行，结构为“am/is/are + 现在分词”，故选C。 5. —______ you ______ the film *The Wandering Earth 2*? —Yes, I ______ it last month. A. Have; seen; saw B. Did; see; saw C. Have; seen; have seen D. Will; see; see 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在完成时与一般过去时。句意为“——你看过《流浪地球2》这部电影吗？——看过，我上个月看的”。第一空表“过去动作对现在的影响”，用现在完成时；“last month”表过去时间，第二空用一般过去时，故选A。 6. If it ______ tomorrow, we ______ the picnic. A. rains; will cancel B. will rain; cancel C. rains; cancel D. will rain; will cancel 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般现在时与一般将来时。句意为“如果明天下雨，我们就取消野餐”。“if”引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时，故选A。 7. The number of students in our school ______ by 10% in the past three years. A. increases B. increased C. has increased D. will increase 【答案】C 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意为“过去三年，我们学校的学生数量增加了10%”。“in the past three years”是现在完成时标志，“the number of...”作主语时谓语用单数，故选C。 8. While Tom ______ his homework, his sister ______ TV. A. does; watches B. was doing; was watching C. did; watched D. is doing; is watching 【答案】B 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意为“汤姆做作业时，他妹妹正在看电视”。“while”引导的时间状语从句中，两个持续动作同时进行，均用过去进行时，故选B。 9. Our teacher said that light ______ faster than sound. A. travel B. travels C. traveled D. will travel 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般现在时。句意为“老师说光比声音传播得快”。宾语从句中表客观真理，用一般现在时，主语“light”是单数，故选B。 10. They ______ for the bus for 20 minutes when the bus finally arrived. A. wait B. waited C. are waiting D. had been waiting 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去完成进行时。句意为“当公交车最终到达时，他们已经等了20分钟了”。“for 20 minutes”表动作持续，“arrived”是过去时间，需用过去完成进行时“had been + 现在分词”，故选D。 考点二：语态的用法 1. The ancient building ______ (repair) by workers for nearly a month and it will open to the public next week. 【答案】has been being repaired 【详解】考查现在完成进行时的被动语态。句意为“这座古建筑已经被工人们修缮了近一个月，下周将对公众开放”。“for nearly a month”表动作持续到现在且仍在进行，“building”与“repair”是被动关系，用现在完成进行时的被动语态“have/has been being + 过去分词”，故填“has been being repaired”。 2. It is reported that more than 500 new books ______ (donate) to the mountain school by the end of this month. 【答案】will have been donated 【详解】考查将来完成时的被动语态。句意为“据报道，到本月底将有500多本新书捐赠给这所山区学校”。“by the end of this month”是将来时间，“books”与“donate”是被动关系，用将来完成时的被动语态，故填“will have been donated”。 3. The meeting room ______ (clean) when we arrived there this morning, so we had to wait outside. 【答案】was being cleaned 【详解】考查过去进行时的被动语态。句意为“今天早上我们到达时，会议室正在被打扫，所以我们不得不等在外面”。“when we arrived”表过去某一时刻，“meeting room”与“clean”是被动关系，用过去进行时的被动语态，故填“was being cleaned”。 4. The valuable painting ______ (steal) from the museum last night, and the police are now investigating the case. 【答案】was stolen 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“这幅珍贵的画昨晚从博物馆被盗，警方正在调查此案”。“last night”是过去时间，“painting”与“steal”是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填“was stolen”。 5. Students ______ (not allow) to bring mobile phones into the exam room according to the school rules. 【答案】are not allowed 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意为“根据学校规定，学生不允许将手机带入考场”。“according to the school rules”表经常性规定，“students”与“allow”是被动关系，否定式在“be”动词后加“not”，故填“are not allowed”。 6. By the time we attended the lecture, the topic ______ (already discuss) by the speaker for 20 minutes. 【答案】had already been discussed 【详解】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意为“我们参加讲座时，演讲者已经讨论这个话题20分钟了”。“by the time + 一般过去时”表“过去的过去”，“topic”与“discuss”是被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态，故填“had already been discussed”。 7. A new library ______ (build) in our community now, and it is expected to be completed next year. 【答案】is being built 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意为“我们社区正在建一座新图书馆，预计明年完工”。“now”表动作正在进行，“library”与“build”是被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态，故填“is being built”。 8. The letters ______ (sort) by the postmen every morning before they are delivered. 【答案】are sorted 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意为“邮递员每天早上在投递信件前会把它们分类”。“every morning”表经常性动作，“letters”与“sort”是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，故填“are sorted”。 9. The problem ______ (solve) by the experts at the meeting yesterday, but we need to wait for the final report. 【答案】was solved 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“昨天会议上专家们解决了这个问题，但我们需要等待最终报告”。“yesterday”是过去时间，“problem”与“solve”是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填“was solved”。 10. More attention ______ (pay) to environmental protection in recent years as people’s awareness increases. 【答案】has been paid 【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意为“近年来，随着人们意识的提高，环境保护得到了更多关注”。“in recent years”是现在完成时标志，“attention”与“pay”是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，故填“has been paid”。 1. The old temple ______ since last year and it will be open to visitors in 2025. A. repairs B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. has been being repaired 【答案】D 【详解】考查现在完成进行时的被动语态。句意为“这座古老的寺庙从去年开始修缮，将于2025年对游客开放”。“since last year”表动作持续到现在且仍在进行，“temple”与“repair”是被动关系，用现在完成进行时的被动语态，故选D。 2. —When ______ the sports meeting ______? —It ______ next Friday if the weather is fine. A. will; hold; will be held B. is; held; will be held C. will; be held; will be held D. will; be held; is held 【答案】C 【详解】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意为“——运动会什么时候举行？——如果天气好，下周五举行”。第一空询问将来时间的被动动作，用“will be + 过去分词”；第二空“if”条件从句表将来，主句仍用一般将来时的被动语态，故选C。 3. The machine ______ by the engineer now because it stopped working an hour ago. A. checks B. is checked C. is being checked D. has been checked 【答案】C 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意为“这台机器现在正在被工程师检查，因为它一小时前停止工作了”。“now”表动作正在进行，“machine”与“check”是被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。 4. Many trees ______ in our city every spring to improve the environment. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. will be planted 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意为“为了改善环境，我们城市每年春天种很多树”。“every spring”表经常性动作，“trees”与“plant”是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。 5. The novel ______ by a famous writer in the 1990s and it has been translated into 10 languages. A. writes B. wrote C. was written D. has been written 【答案】C 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“这部小说是一位著名作家在20世纪90年代写的，已被翻译成10种语言”。“in the 1990s”是过去时间，“novel”与“write”是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。 6. By the time you receive this letter, I ______ to another city for work. A. will move B. will have moved C. am moving D. have moved 【答案】B 【详解】考查将来完成时。句意为“你收到这封信时，我已经搬到另一个城市工作了”。“By the time + 一般现在时”表将来时间，主句用将来完成时，故选B。 7. The classroom ______ when the fire alarm went off yesterday afternoon. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. was being cleaned D. had been cleaned 【答案】C 【详解】考查过去进行时的被动语态。句意为“昨天下午火警响起时，教室正在被打扫”。“when the fire alarm went off”表过去某一时刻，“classroom”与“clean”是被动关系，用过去进行时的被动语态，故选C。 8. Rules ______ to keep order in the school, so everyone must follow them. A. make B. are made C. made D. will be made 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意为“学校制定规则是为了维持秩序，所以每个人都必须遵守”。表经常性的被动动作，用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。 9. The results of the exam ______ to the students next Monday. A. will announce B. will be announced C. announce D. are announced 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意为“考试结果将于下周一公布给学生”。“next Monday”是将来时间，“results”与“announce”是被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态，故选B。 10. The bridge ______ for 50 years, but it is still in good condition. A. builds B. is built C. has built D. has been built 【答案】D 【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意为“这座桥已经建成50年了，但仍然状况良好”。“for 50 years”表动作持续到现在，“bridge”与“build”是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，故选D。 考点三：主谓一致的用法 1. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ (be) interested in the new science exhibition. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“不仅学生们，他们的老师也对这个新的科学展览感兴趣”。“not only...but also...”连接并列主语，谓语与靠近的主语“their teacher”一致，用单数，故填“is”。 2. The family ______ (be) a big one, and all the members ______ (get) on well with each other. 【答案】is; get 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“这是一个大家庭，所有成员都相处得很好”。第一空“family”表整体，谓语用单数；第二空“members”是复数，谓语用复数，故填“is; get”。 3. Three fourths of the land in this area ______ (be) covered with trees and grass. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“这个地区四分之三的土地被树木和草地覆盖”。“分数 + of + 不可数名词（land）”作主语，谓语用单数，故填“is”。 4. Either you or your brother ______ (have) to take care of your sick mother at home. 【答案】has 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“要么你，要么你哥哥得在家照顾生病的妈妈”。“either...or...”连接并列主语，谓语与靠近的主语“your brother”一致，用单数，故填“has”。 5. A number of volunteers ______ (come) to help clean the park every weekend, and the number of them ______ (increase) recently. 【答案】come; has increased 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“每周都有许多志愿者来帮忙打扫公园，他们的人数最近在增加”。“a number of + 复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数；“the number of + 复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数，故填“come; has increased”。 6. What he said at the meeting ______ (be) very important for our project. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“他在会议上说的话对我们的项目非常重要”。“what引导的主语从句”作主语，谓语用单数，故填“is”。 7. Neither the manager nor the workers ______ (agree) with the new plan put forward by the company. 【答案】agree 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“经理和工人们都不同意公司提出的新计划”。“neither...nor...”连接并列主语，谓语与靠近的主语“the workers”一致，用复数，故填“agree”。 8. Physics ______ (be) my favorite subject because it is challenging and interesting. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“物理是我最喜欢的科目，因为它既具挑战性又有趣”。“physics”是学科名词，虽以“-s”结尾但表单数，谓语用单数，故填“is”。 9. Each of the students ______ (have) a new textbook and a dictionary for the new term. 【答案】has 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“每个学生新学期都有一本新课本和一本字典”。“each of + 复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数，故填“has”。 10. The police ______ (search) for the missing child in the neighborhood now, and some volunteers are helping them. 【答案】are searching 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“警方正在小区里搜寻失踪的孩子，一些志愿者正在帮助他们”。“police”是集体名词，表复数意义，谓语用复数，故填“are searching”。 1. —How many people ______ in your family? —There ______ three people: my parents and me. A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“——你家有几口人？——有三口人：我父母和我”。“people”是复数名词，“three people”也是复数，谓语均用复数，故选A。 2. Not only my friends but also I ______ looking forward to the summer vacation. A. am B. is C. are D. be 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“不仅我的朋友，我也期待着暑假”。“not only...but also...”连接并列主语，谓语与靠近的主语“I”一致，用“am”，故选A。 3. The number of books in our school library ______ more than 50,000. A. is B. are C. have D. has 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“我们学校图书馆的藏书数量超过5万本”。“the number of + 复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数，“be动词”表“是”，故选A。 4. Either you or your sister ______ to go to the supermarket to buy some milk. A. need B. needs C. needing D. to need 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“要么你，要么你姐姐得去超市买些牛奶”。“either...or...”连接并列主语，谓语与靠近的主语“your sister”一致，用单数，故选B。 5. Two thirds of the water in this river ______ polluted by the nearby factories. A. is B. are C. has D. have 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“这条河三分之二的水被附近的工厂污染了”。“分数 + of + 不可数名词（water）”作主语，谓语用单数，“be polluted”表被动，故选A。 6. My family ______ watching TV together when I got home yesterday. A. was B. were C. is D. are 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“我昨天回家时，家人正在一起看电视”。“family”表个体成员，谓语用复数，“yesterday”提示用过去时，故选B。 7. What ______ your favorite sports? Football and basketball. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“——你最喜欢的运动是什么？——足球和篮球”。答语是复数，主语“sports”也是复数，谓语用复数，故选B。 8. Neither the students nor the teacher ______ the answer to this difficult question. A. know B. knows C. knowing D. to know 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“学生们和老师都不知道这个难题的答案”。“neither...nor...”连接并列主语，谓语与靠近的主语“the teacher”一致，用单数，故选B。 9. Mathematics ______ not easy for everyone, but it is very useful in daily life. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“数学对每个人来说都不容易，但它在日常生活中非常有用”。“mathematics”是学科名词，表单数，谓语用单数，故选A。 10. A number of students ______ playing basketball on the playground now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“现在有许多学生在操场上打篮球”。“a number of + 复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数，“now”提示用现在时，故选B。 一、单项选择 1. —How long ______ you ______ this novel? I remember you started it last week. —Nearly finished. I ______ it for three days. A. did; read; read B. have; read; have been reading C. will; read; have read D. do; read; am reading 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在完成时与现在完成进行时。句意为“——你读这本小说多久了？我记得你上周开始读的。——快读完了。我已经读了三天了”。第一空表动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时；第二空表动作持续进行且仍在继续，用现在完成进行时，故选B。 2. The ancient temple ______ by workers for nearly a month and it ______ to the public next month. A. repairs; opens B. is repaired; will open C. has been being repaired; will be opened D. repaired; was opened 【答案】C 【详解】考查现在完成进行时被动语态与一般将来时被动语态。句意为“这座古寺已经被工人们修缮了近一个月，下个月将对公众开放”。“for nearly a month”表动作持续到现在且仍在进行，用现在完成进行时被动；“next month”表将来，“temple”与“open”是被动关系，用一般将来时被动，故选C。 3. Not only my parents but also my brother ______ interested in hiking. A. am B. is C. are D. be 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“不仅我的父母，我哥哥也对徒步感兴趣”。“not only...but also...”连接并列主语，谓语与靠近的“my brother”一致，用单数，故选B。 4. —I called you at 8 o'clock last night, but no one answered. —Sorry, I ______ my little brother with his homework while my parents ______ dinner. A. help; cook B. helped; cooked C. was helping; were cooking D. am helping; are cooking 【答案】C 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意为“——昨晚8点我给你打电话，但没人接。——抱歉，我爸妈在做饭时，我正在帮弟弟辅导作业”。“at 8 o'clock last night”表过去某一时刻，两个持续动作同时进行，均用“was/were + 现在分词”，故选C。 5. A new library ______ in our community next year. A. builds B. built C. will be built D. is built 【答案】C 【详解】考查一般将来时被动语态。句意为“明年我们社区将建一座新图书馆”。“next year”是将来时间，“library”与“build”是被动关系，用“will be + 过去分词”，故选C。 6. The number of students in our class ______ 45, and a number of them ______ from the countryside. A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“我们班的学生人数是45人，其中许多人来自农村”。“the number of...”表数量，谓语用单数；“a number of...”表“许多”，谓语用复数，故选C。 7. By the time the firemen arrived at the scene, the big fire ______ most of the building and many people ______ to safety. A. destroyed; were rescued B. had destroyed; had been rescued C. has destroyed; are rescued D. will destroy; will be rescued 【答案】B 【详解】考查过去完成时与过去完成时被动语态。句意为“消防员赶到现场时，大火已经烧毁了大楼的大部分，许多人已被救到安全地带”。“by the time + 一般过去时”表“过去的过去”，两个动作均发生在“arrived”之前，用过去完成时；“people”与“rescue”是被动关系，故选B。 8. Vegetables ______ every day to keep them fresh. A. water B. are watered C. watered D. will water 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般现在时被动语态。句意为“蔬菜每天都要浇水以保持新鲜”。“every day”表示经常性动作，“vegetables”与“water”是被动关系，用“am/is/are + 过去分词”，主语为复数，故选B。 9. Either you or your sister ______ to take care of the little baby. A. need B. needs C. needing D. to need 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“要么你，要么你姐姐得照顾这个小宝宝”。“either...or...”连接并列主语，谓语与靠近的“your sister”一致，用单数，故选B。 10. Our physics teacher told us that the earth ______ around the sun and the moon ______ around the earth. A. travel; go B. travels; goes C. traveled; went D. will travel; will go 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般现在时。句意为“我们物理老师告诉我们地球绕太阳转，月亮绕地球转”。宾语从句中表客观真理，不受主句时态影响，用一般现在时；“earth”和“moon”均为单数主语，谓语用单数，故选B。 二、单句语法填空 11. My uncle ______ (work) as an engineer in this company for 10 years before he ______ (move) to Beijing last year. 【答案】had worked; moved 【详解】考查过去完成时与一般过去时。句意为“我叔叔在去年搬到北京之前，已经在这家公司当工程师10年了”。“before + 一般过去时”表“过去的过去”，主句用过去完成时；从句表过去动作，用一般过去时，故填“had worked; moved”。 12. The results of the competition ______ (not announce) yet, and all the participants ______ (wait) anxiously for them now. 【答案】have not been announced; are waiting 【详解】考查现在完成时被动语态与现在进行时。句意为“比赛结果还没有公布，所有参赛者现在都在焦急地等待”。“yet”是现在完成时标志，“results”与“announce”是被动关系；“now”表动作正在进行，用现在进行时，故填“have not been announced; are waiting”。 13. Neither Tom nor his friends ______ (like) playing computer games for a long time. 【答案】like 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“汤姆和他的朋友们都不喜欢长时间玩电脑游戏”。“neither...nor...”连接并列主语，谓语与靠近的“his friends”一致，用复数，故填“like”。 14. When I arrived at the party, most people ______ (dance) happily. 【答案】were dancing 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意为“我到达派对时，大多数人正在开心地跳舞”。“when”引导的从句用一般过去时，主句表正在进行的动作，用“was/were + 现在分词”，主语“most people”是复数，故填“were dancing”。 15. A new bridge ______ (build) over the river since last summer, and it ______ (expect) to reduce traffic pressure when it is completed. 【答案】has been being built; is expected 【详解】考查现在完成进行时被动语态与一般现在时被动语态。句意为“自从去年夏天以来，这条河上一直在建一座新桥，预计建成后将缓解交通压力”。“since last summer”表动作持续到现在且仍在进行，用现在完成进行时被动；“it”指代“bridge”，与“expect”是被动关系，用一般现在时被动，故填“has been being built; is expected”。 16. Three fifths of the land in this area ______ (be) covered with forests. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意为“这个地区五分之三的土地被森林覆盖”。“分数 + of + 不可数名词（land）”作主语，谓语用单数，故填“is”。 17. By the time we ______ (attend) the lecture next Friday, the professor ______ (give) the same topic in three other universities. 【答案】attend; will have given 【详解】考查一般现在时与将来完成时。句意为“下周五我们去听讲座时，这位教授已经在另外三所大学讲过同一个话题了”。“by the time + 一般现在时”表将来时间，主句用将来完成时“will have + 过去分词”，故填“attend; will have given”。 18. The old photos ______ (take) by my grandfather when he was young. 【答案】were taken 【详解】考查一般过去时被动语态。句意为“这些旧照片是我爷爷年轻时拍的”。动作发生在过去，“photos”与“take”是被动关系，主语为复数，故填“were taken”。 19. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ (prepare) for the coming exam these days. 【答案】is preparing 【详解】考查主谓一致和现在进行时。句意为“这些天不仅学生们，他们的老师也在为即将到来的考试做准备”。“these days”表动作正在进行，“not only...but also...”连接主语，谓语与靠近的“their teacher”一致，故填“is preparing”。 20. If you ______ (not finish) your homework by 9 o'clock tonight, you ______ (not be allowed) to watch the football match. 【答案】don't finish; won't be allowed 【详解】考查一般现在时与一般将来时被动语态。句意为“如果你今晚9点前没完成作业，就不允许你看足球赛了”。“if”引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来；主句表将来被动动作，用“will not be + 过去分词”，故填“don't finish; won't be allowed”。 一、阅读理解 A （2025年第一次广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷02）Chinese New Year is right around the corner! This is the time of year when we “sweep away the dust". We give our homes a good, thorough cleaning. We do this in order to make a clean, first start in the new year. Another great way to start fresh is to get rid of all the clutter. Over a year ago, I did just that. In preparation for a move, I found a lot of things were not used. So l gave away around 75 percent of my clothes. I got rid of 60 percent of my furnishings. A first, I was afraid I would miss those things. However, I soon realized what a burden on my life that excess had become. I found that caring for fewer things means more time to spend with friends and family. Here are some benefits simply: More free time. The more things you own, the more time you’ spend cleaning and organizing them. Keep only the items you need, use or enjoy. You’ll be surprised at how much time you’ll have to do what you actually want to do. More money. As you stop buying things you don’t need, your finances will improve. You can save the extra money and take a special trip or an interesting class instead. Learn to reward yourself with rich experiences, not things. Changed values. Once you break the accumulation (累积) habit, your values shift. You come to realize that things don’t bring lasting happiness. True joy comes from making memories with loved ones. Living simply lowers your stress level, improves your health and allows you to focus on what’s important. The good news is that you don’t have to wait for a holiday to start living simply. Start living with less today and discover the peace and happiness this lifestyle can bring. 21．We clean our homes when Chinese New Year is coming because __________. A．we will have a lot of visitors B．we want to have a good new beginning C．we don’t like some old clothes any more D．we are making preparations for a move 22．The underlined word “clutter” in Paragraph 2 probably means “something ________”. A．ugly B．strange C．old-fashioned D．unnecessary 23．After the writer got rid of some of her clothes, she ________. A．got a feeling of joy B．missed those things C．regretted her decisions D．began to buy new clothes 24．Living simply can bring us the following benefits EXCEPT _________. A．more free time to enjoy life B．less stress and better health C．more chances to get promoted D．more money for rich experiences 25．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Living with less B．Buying things you need C．Having a thorough cleaning D．Discovering lasting happiness 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章由中国春节前的扫尘迎接新年写到简单生活。过多的东西会给我们生活带来负担，而简单生活可以让我们能有更多时间做更重要的事情或者陪伴家人。文章从三个方面说明简单生活的好处：有更多时间，省钱及价值观的改变。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段“We give our homes a good, thorough cleaning. We do this in order to make a clean, first start in the new year. (我们会彻底打扫房屋。这样做是为了在新的一年里有一个干净的开始。)”可知，我们在春节来临之际打扫房屋是因为我们想要有一个良好的新开端。故选B。 22．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Another great way to start fresh is to get rid of all the clutter. Over a year ago, I did just that. In preparation for a move, I found a lot of things were not used. (另一个重新开始的好方法是摆脱所有的杂乱。一年多前，我就是这么做的。为了搬家做准备，我发现很多东西都没用。)”可知，文中的“clutter”指的是不必要的东西。故选D。 23．细节理解题。根据第二段“So l gave away around 75 percent of my clothes. I got rid of 60 percent of my furnishings. At first, I was afraid I would miss those things. However, I soon realized what a burden on my life that excess had become. (所以我送出了大约 75%的衣服。我处理掉了 60%的家具。起初，我担心我会想念那些东西。然而，我很快意识到多余的东西给我的生活带来了多大的负担。)”可知，作者处理掉一些衣服后，获得了一种轻松的感觉，而非后悔或想念。故选 A。 24．细节理解题。根据第四段“More free time. (有更多的空闲时间。)”、第五段“More money. (更多钱。)”以及第七段“Living simply lowers your stress level, improves your health and allows you to focus on what’s important. (简单的生活可以降低您的压力，改善您的健康，并让您专注于重要的事情。)”可知，简单生活不能给我们带来更多晋升的机会。故选C。 25．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了简单生活的好处以及倡导人们过简单的生活。故选A。 B （2023年第一次广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试）A new interactive (互动的)map shows which parts of the world have been hit hardest by climate change. The map, called ClimateEX, allows users to see how global warming (全球 变暖)influences temperature and rainfall across the Earth. The map shows, in the UK, areas of eastern Scotland have been most influenced by climate change. In the US, the west coast has seen a rise in temperature and loss of rainfall. The map also shows that over the next 50 years parts of Wales and northeast England will see big changes to their climate. Developed by a scientist at the University of Cincinnati, the map uses 50 years of public climate data from 50, 000 international weather stations around the Earth. It shows not only how the climate has changed, But also what will possibly happen by the year 2070. According to the map over the next 50 years Central America will be subject to terrible heat and rainfall. Papua New Guinea, southeastern China, the west coast of the US, Greenland and the Arctic are also easily influenced, most importantly for sea level change. ClimateEX can also help users search for places where climate change may lead to extreme phenomena (现象)in the future. The user simply touches the place where storms are frequent at present on the map and then ClimateEX will show all the places where storms are likely to happen in 50 years. 26. A rise in temperature and loss of rainfall have happened in ____. A. the US B. China C. Papua New Guinea D. the UK 27. The map tells the climate change in the future by _. A. setting up weather stations B. recording rainfall C. measuring the sea levels D. using past climate data 28. The underlined phrase be subject to in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____. A. cause B. suffer C. avoid D. change 29. According to the last paragraph, the map can _____. A. reduce the influences of climate change B. change the climates of different countries C. show where extreme climates will happen D. suggest how people deal with climate change 30. What is the best title for the passage? A. Increasing Rainfall B. An Amazing Map C A Map of the World D. Changeable Climate 【答案】26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新研究开发交互式地图可显示全球气候变化状况。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In the US, the west coast has seen a rise in temperature and loss of rainfall. (在美国，西海岸气温上升，降雨量减少。)”可知，美国出现了气温上升和降雨减少的情况。故选A。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Developed by a scientist at the University of Cincinnati, the map uses 50 years of public climate data from 50, 000 international weather stations around the Earth. (该地图由辛辛那提大学的一位科学家开发，使用了全球5万个国际气象站50年来的公共气候数据。)”可知，该地图利用过去的气候数据来预测未来的气候变化。故选D。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“It shows not only how the climate has changed, But also what will possibly happen by the year 20270. (它不仅显示了气候是如何变化的，而且还显示了到20270年可能会发生什么。)”和划线词前半句“According to the map, over the next 50 years Central America (根据地图，在未来的50年里，中美洲)”可推断，在未来的50年里，中美洲将遭受可怕的高温和降雨。所以划线词be subject to为“遭受”之意。故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“ClimateEX can also help users search for places where climate change may lead to extreme phenomena (现象)in the future. (ClimateEX还可以帮助用户搜索未来气候变化可能导致极端现象的地方。)”可知，该地图可以显示哪里会发生极端天气。故选C。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new interactive (互动的)map shows which parts of the world have been hit hardest by climate change. (一幅新的交互式地图显示了世界上哪些地区受气候变化影响最严重。)”、第三段“It shows not only how the climate has changed, But also what will possibly happen by the year 2070. (它不仅显示了气候是如何变化的，而且还显示了到2070年可能会发生什么。)及全文可知，文章主要介绍了新研究开发交互式地图可显示全球气候变化状况，还能预测未来的气候变化，是令人惊讶的。所以“An Amazing Map(令人惊叹的地图)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。 C （2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷A）At first, I didn’t recognize the symptoms that we all had in common. Friends mentioned that they were having trouble concentrating. It wasn’t burnout—we still had energy. It wasn’t depression—we didn’t feel hopeless. We just felt somewhat joyless and aimless. It turns out there’s a name for that: languishing. Languishing is a sense of inactivity and emptiness. It feels as if you’re muddling through your days, looking at your life through a foggy windshield. In psychology, we think about mental health on a spectrum from depression to flourishing. Flourishing is the peak of well-being. Depression is the valley of well-being. Languishing is the neglected middle child of mental health. It’s the emptiness between depression and flourishing—the absence of well-being. You’re not functioning at full capacity. Languishing dulls your motivation, disrupts your ability to focus, and greatly increases the possibility that you’ll cut back on work. Part of the danger is that when you’re languishing, you might not notice the dulling of delight or the decreasing of drive. You don’t catch yourself slipping slowly into aloneness; you’re indifferent to your indifference. When you can’t see your own suffering, you don’t seek help or even do much to help yourself. So what can we do about it? People who became more focused on their work managed to avoid languishing. Interrupted attention is an enemy of engagement and excellence. To go beyond languishing, give yourself some uninterrupted time. It clears out constant distractions and gives us the freedom to focus. And try starting with small wins by focusing on a challenge that matters to you—an interesting project, a worthwhile goal, Or a meaningful conversation. We still have a lot to learn about what causes languishing and how to cure it, but naming it might be a first step. It could help to defog our vision, giving us a clearer window into what had been an unclear experience. It could remind us that we weren’t alone: languishing is common and shared. By acknowledging that so many of us are languishing, we can start giving voice to quiet despair and lighting a path out of the emptiness. 31. Which definition best suits the word “languishing”? A. Feeling exhausted and without hope B. Becoming weaker or failing to improve C. Making someone want to achieve something D. Going beyond the usual limits of something 32. Which of the following can be described as languishing? A. Seeking help when you are suffering B. Realizing that you are not alone in despair C. Giving yourself some uninterrupted time D. Being indifferent to your lack of enthusiasm 33. What could psychologists do to help solve the problems of languishing? A. Give people more freedom B. See it as depression C. Name it clearly D. Remove it from a spectrum 34. Why is it significant to know languishing is common and shared? A. We can let the silent despair speak up and find a way out B. We can continue to learn more about languishing C. We can see it as basically the same as depression D. We can study it as the complete opposite of flourishing 35. Which can be the best title of the passage? A. Languishing—a common symptom B. Languishing—a mental health problem C. Concentrating—a way to avoid languishing D. Quieter despair—danger of languishing 【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种萎靡不振的精神状态——“languishing”，以及可以做些什么去改变这种精神状态。 31. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Languishing is a sense of inactivity and emptiness. (Languishing是一种无所作为和空虚的感觉)”以及第五段中“you might not notice the dulling of delight or the decreasing of drive (你可能没有注意到愉悦感的减弱或干劲的减少)”和“you don’t seek help or even do much to help yourself (你不寻求帮助，甚至不做很多事来帮助自己)”可推知，B项“变弱或不上进”最适合定义“languishing”。故选B。 32. 推理判断题。根据第五段“You don’t catch yourself slipping slowly into aloneness; you’re indifferent to your indifference. (你不会发现自己慢慢陷入孤独；你对自己的冷漠毫不关心)”可推知，对自己缺乏热情，漠不关心就可以被描述为“languishing”。故选D。 33. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“We still have a lot to learn about what causes languishing and how to cure it, but naming it might be a first step. (我们仍有很多东西需要了解，是什么导致了“languishing”以及如何治愈它，但为它命名可能是第一步)”可知，心理学家可以清楚地将“languishing”命名来帮助解决问题。故选C。 34. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“By acknowledging that so many of us are languishing, we can start giving voice to quiet despair and lighting a path out of the emptiness. (通过了解我们中的许多人都患有“languishing”，我们就能开始说出内心的平静的绝望，照亮并走出空虚的道路)”可知，知道痛苦是普遍的和共同的是重要的，就可以将沉默的绝望大声说出来，并找到出路。故选A。 35. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Languishing is a sense of inactivity and emptiness. It feels as if you’re muddling through your days, looking at your life through a foggy windshield.( Languishing是一种不活跃和空虚的感觉。这感觉就像你在混日子，透过雾蒙蒙的挡风玻璃看你的生活)”结合文章主要介绍了一种萎靡不振的精神状态——“languishing”，以及可以做些什么去改变这种精神状态。可知，B选项“Languishing——一种心理健康问题”最符合文章标题。故选B。 D （2023年3月辽宁省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷2） If you begin a new job, it is important for you to make the right impression from the very first day. You will face new people. You will be in a new place. It may be difficult to know what to do. _____36_____. ●First impressions can last forever. _____37_____. Before your first day, find out if your new job has a rule about what you can wear to work. If so, be sure to follow it. No matter what you wear, always be neat and clean. ●_____38_____. Give yourself an extra 15 minutes to make sure you arrive on time. ●Pay attention to introductions. One of the first things that your supervisor (主管) may do is to introduce you to co-workers. _____39_____. They are the ones who will answer your questions when the boss is not around. ●Never be the first one to leave. Observe what your co-workers do around quitting time (下班时间). _____40_____. If you follow the suggestions above, you will make it through the first days at a new job. A．Get to work on time B．Here are four suggestions for you C．You should keep your promise D．Try to work harder to have a rise E．Be sure to make a good impression F．These co-workers will be important to you G．It doesn’t look good for you to be eager to leave 【答案】36．B    37．E    38．A    39．F    40．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在开始一份新工作时怎么给人留下正确的印象。 36．空前说“You will face new people. You will be in a new place. It may be difficult to know what to do.(你将面对新的人。你将在一个新的地方。也许很难知道该怎么办。)”，再根据下文具体的一些建议可知，B选项“Here are four suggestions for you(以下是给你的四条建议)”引出了下文的一些建议，因此B选项引起下文，符合语境，故选B。 37．空前说“First impressions can last forever.(第一印象会持续到永远。)”，因此空格处应说要给人留下很好的第一印象，E选项“Be sure to make a good impression(一定要给人留下好印象)”说明了要留下好印象，因此E选项承接上文，符合语境，故选E。 38．空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“Give yourself an extra 15 minutes to make sure you arrive on time.(多给自己15分钟，确保准时到达。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要准时上班，A选项“Get to work on time(准时上班)”概括了本段内容，可作为小标题，故选A。 39．空前说“One of the first things that your supervisor (主管) may do is to introduce you to co-workers.(你的上司可能会做的第一件事就是把你介绍给同事。)”，F选项“These co-workers will be important to you(这些同事对你来说很重要)”说明了同事的重要性，co-workers是同义复现，因此F选项承接上文，符合语境，故选F。 40．空前说“Never be the first one to leave. Observe what your co-workers do around quitting time (下班时间).(永远不要第一个离开。观察你的同事在下班时间做些什么。)”，G选项“It doesn’t look good for you to be eager to leave(你急着离开可不太好)”和上文的“不要第一个离开”相呼应，因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，故选G。 二、完形填空 （2026年第一次广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语（模拟卷02））I, a 19-year-old kid, was standing on a rugby field, with injuries all over the body and tears in the eyes. However, it was at that time that a 41 told me something that changed my life. Weeks earlier, I had found my way to the women’s rugby club to try the 42 on my college campus and fell in love at my first 43 . The adrenaline (肾上腺素) from taking a hit to the face plus the smell of dirt, grass and sweat 44 a switch in my brain. I was 45 to rugby. But things didn’t go well and it seemed I couldn’t 46 up. I had dropped the ball so many times. I was confused about the 47 . I had sprained my ankle. All of that led to a crisis (危机) of confidence and that life-changing 48 with my coach. I approached her, 49 , and asked, “Am I too terrible at this? Should I keep at it? I don’t want to bring down the whole team.” Then she gave me a 50 gift. She said, “Amy, it’s up to you.” Looking back, it was a defining moment when I started placing more 51 on what I enjoyed and wanted, instead of what others 52 or thought of me. Before long, I became a team captain, a club president, and even a coach. After college, I 53 women’s teams in two states and traveled the country attending 54 . Those games took me to different places all over the world, and no matter where I went, I 55 the coach’s words: “It’s up to you.” 41．A．friend B．parent C．judge D．coach 42．A．sport B．game C．position D．application 43．A．sight B．practice C．glance D．job 44．A．turned on B．replaced C．turned off D．fixed 45．A．applied B．devoted C．addicted D．accustomed 46．A．stay B．keep C．give D．look 47．A．teammates B．rules C．field D．experience 48．A．battle B．debate C．conversation D．training 49．A．guilty B．proud C．excited D．upset 50．A．priceless B．worthless C．meaningless D．selfless 51．A．care B．experiment C．importance D．preference 52．A．noticed B．heard C．spoke D．expected 53．A．founded B．recognized C．imagined D．received 54．A．church B．matches C．celebrations D．class 55．A．promoted B．used C．remembered D．regretted 【答案】 41．D 42．A 43．B 44．A 45．C 46．B 47．B 48．C 49．D 50．A 51．C 52．D 53．A 54．B 55．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述19岁的作者在大学尝试橄榄球运动时遇到诸多挫折，对自己产生怀疑，教练的一番话改变了作者的人生，此后作者在橄榄球领域取得诸多成绩，始终铭记教练的话。 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，就在那时，一位教练告诉我一些改变我人生的话。A. friend朋友；B. parent父母；C. judge裁判；D. coach教练。根据下文“with my coach”可知，是教练告诉作者改变人生的话，故选D项。 42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几周前，我来到女子橄榄球俱乐部，想在大学校园里尝试这项运动，第一次练习就爱上了它。A. sport运动；B. game游戏，比赛；C. position位置；D. application申请。结合语境可推知，橄榄球是一项运动，此处指作者尝试橄榄球这项运动，故选A项。 43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几周前，我来到女子橄榄球俱乐部，想在大学校园里尝试这项运动，第一次练习就爱上了它。A. sight视力，景象；B. practice练习；C. glance一瞥；D. job工作。根据上文“the women’s rugby club”可知，作者来到俱乐部尝试这项运动，在第一次练习时爱上它，practice符合语境，故选B项。 44．考查动词短语和词义辨析。句意：脸上被撞击产生的肾上腺素，加上泥土、青草和汗水的味道，打开了我大脑中的一个开关。A. turned on打开；B. replaced代替；C. turned off关闭；D. fixed修理，固定。根据下文“a switch in my brain”可知，这里指这些感觉让作者对橄榄球产生兴趣，就像打开了大脑中关于喜爱橄榄球的开关，turn on符合语境，故选A项。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对橄榄球上瘾了。A. applied应用的；B. devoted忠诚的；C. addicted上瘾的；D. accustomed习惯的。根据上文“fell in love”作者爱上橄榄球，这里用be addicted to表示对橄榄球上瘾，非常喜爱，故选C项。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但事情进展不顺利，似乎我跟不上。A. stay停留；B. keep保持；C. give给；D. look看。根据上文“But things didn’t go well”可知这里指作者在橄榄球练习中似乎跟不上节奏，keep up为固定短语，意为“跟上”，故选B项。 47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对规则感到困惑。A. teammates队友；B. rules规则；C. field场地；D. experience经历。根据上文“But things didn’t go well and it seemed I couldn’t...up. I had dropped the ball so many times.”可知，作者在橄榄球练习中不顺利，这里指对橄榄球规则感到困惑，影响了她的表现，故选B项。 48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些都导致了信心危机，以及与教练那次改变人生的谈话。A. battle战斗；B. debate辩论；C. conversation谈话；D. training训练。根据下文“asked”以及“She said, “Amy, it’s up to you.””这是作者与教练的对话，故选C项。 49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我心烦意乱地走近她，问道：“我是不是在这方面太糟糕了？我应该坚持下去吗？我不想拖整个团队的后腿。”A. guilty内疚的；B. proud骄傲的；C. excited兴奋的；D. upset心烦意乱的。作者对自己在橄榄球方面的表现不满意，感到困惑，所以是心烦意乱地去问教练，故选D项。 50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后她给了我一份无价的礼物。A. priceless无价的；B. worthless无价值的；C. meaningless无意义的；D. selfless无私的。根据上文“old me something that changed my life.”可知，教练的话改变了作者的人生，可知这份礼物（教练的话）是无价的，故选A项。 51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：回首往事，那是一个决定性的时刻，从那时起，我开始更重视自己喜欢和想要的东西，而不是别人对我的期望或看法。A. care关心；B. experiment实验；C. importance重要性；D. preference偏爱。根据上文“it was a defining moment when I started placing more”以及下文“what I enjoyed and wanted”可知，这里指作者开始更重视自己内心的想法，place importance on为固定短语，意为“重视”，故选C项。 52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：回首往事，那是一个决定性的时刻，从那时起，我开始更重视自己喜欢和想要的东西，而不是别人对我的期望或看法。A. noticed注意到；B. heard听到；C. spoke说；D. expected期望。根据下文“thought of me.”可知，作者不再关注别人对自己的期望，而是关注自己想要的，故选D项。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大学毕业后，我在两个州组建了女子橄榄球队，并前往全国各地参加比赛。A. founded创建；B. recognized认出；C. imagined想象；D. received收到。根据下文“women’s teams in two states”可知，作者创建了女子橄榄球队，故选A项。 54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大学毕业后，我在两个州组建了女子橄榄球队，并前往全国各地参加比赛。A. church教堂；B. matches比赛；C. celebrations庆祝活动；D. class班级。根据上文“I became a team captain, a club president”以及下文“Those games”可知，作者组建橄榄球队后，去参加的是比赛，故选B项。 55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些比赛把我带到了世界各地，无论我走到哪里，我都记得教练的话：“这取决于你。”A. promoted促进；B. used使用；C. remembered记得；D. regretted后悔。根据下文“he coach’s words: “It’s up to you.””可知，作者一直记得教练改变自己人生的话，故选C项。 三、语法填空 （2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷C）When many Chinese woke up on Saturday morning 56. (surprise) learning that the return of Huawei’s Meng Wanzhou to China became a 57. (real), some said it was 58. best news in quite a while.  After being separated for more than 1,000 days, she finally 59. (unite) with her family and such an emotional moment also aroused reactions from ordinary Chinese people who firmly believe that the motherland will always be "on their back" and save 60. from crisis.  "The color red, 61. (symbol) China, lightens the brightness in my heart," Meng said in a post 62. (share) on her WeChat moment on her flight back home, noting 63. she deeply appreciates the motherland and the leadership of the Communist Party of China, as 64. them, she would not have been freed. Many ordinary Chinese cheered Meng’s return, posting welcome notes on social media. Chinese netizens were also 65. (thrill) at the news. 【答案】 56. surprisingly 57. reality 58. the 59. reunited 60. them 61. symbolizing 62. shared 63. that 64. without 65. thrilled 【分析】 这是一篇新闻报道。周六早上，当许多中国人意外地醒来，得知华为孟晚舟重返中国成为现实时，一些人说这是很长一段时间以来最好的消息。 56. 考查副词。句意：周六早上，当许多中国人意外地醒来，得知华为孟晚舟重返中国成为现实时，一些人说这是很长一段时间以来最好的消息。修饰后文动词learn应用副词surprisingly，作状语。故填surprisingly。 57. 考查名词。句意：周六早上，当许多中国人意外地醒来，得知华为孟晚舟重返中国成为现实时，一些人说这是很长一段时间以来最好的消息。根据上文冠词a可知应填单数名词reality，作表语。故填reality。 58. 考查冠词。句意：周六早上，当许多中国人意外地醒来，得知华为孟晚舟重返中国成为现实时，一些人说这是很长一段时间以来最好的消息。 best为最高级，前面与定冠词连用。故填the。 59. 考查时态。句意：在经过1000多天的分离后，她终于与家人团聚，这一激动人心的时刻也激起了普通中国人的反应，他们坚信祖国会永远“在他们的背后”，并将他们从危机中拯救出来。根据后文“such an emotional moment also aroused”可知应用一般过去时。故填reunited。 60. 考查代词。句意：在经过1000多天的分离后，她终于与家人团聚，这一激动人心的时刻也激起了普通中国人的反应，他们坚信祖国会永远“在他们的背后”，并将他们从危机中拯救出来。作宾语，指代ordinary Chinese people应用代词them。故填them。 61. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“象征中国的红色点亮了我心中的光明，”孟晚舟在回国航班上的微信时刻分享的帖子中说，她深深感激祖国和中国共产党的领导，因为没有他们，她就不会获得自由。表示“象征”应用动词symbolize，此处应用现在分词作定语，与逻辑主语The color red构成主动关系。故填symbolizing。 62. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“象征中国的红色点亮了我心中的光明，”孟晚舟在回国航班上的微信时刻分享的帖子中说，她深深感激祖国和中国共产党的领导，因为没有他们，她就不会获得自由。分析句子结构可知share在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语post构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填shared。 63. 考查宾语从句。句意：“象征中国的红色点亮了我心中的光明，”孟晚舟在回国航班上的微信时刻分享的帖子中说，她深深感激祖国和中国共产党的领导，因为没有他们，她就不会获得自由。引导宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that。故填that。 64. 考查介词。句意：“象征中国的红色点亮了我心中的光明，”孟晚舟在回国航班上的微信时刻分享的帖子中说，她深深感激祖国和中国共产党的领导，因为没有他们，她就不会获得自由。后跟代词作宾语，表示“没有”应用介词without。故填without。 65. 考查形容词。句意：中国网民也对这一消息感到兴奋。作表语，且修饰人应用-ed结尾形容词thrilled。故填thrilled。 四、应用文写作 （2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷B）假定你是李华。你的好友Chris从微信朋友圈（Wechat Moments）了解到你进入了高三，写信向你了解你的学习生活情况。请给他回信，内容包括： 1.学习生活； 2.学习规划； 3.你的感受。 注意： 1.词数不少于100； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chris, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Chris, I’m very glad to have received your letter. Knowing that you have a colorful life in your high school. Now I would like to tell you about my busy but interesting high school life. In Senior 3, I have to learn many difficult subjects, such as math and physics. Moreover, there is a lot of homework to do. Every day I am so busy and I always feel tired after one day’s study. At the same time, I enjoy this lifestyle because I have learned many valuable skills. Busy as it is, I think senior 3 is an important time for discovery. I plan to apply to my dream university and do some voluntary work. I am looking forward to your letter Yours, Li Hua 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好友Chris回信，介绍自己的高三生活和学习，以及学习规划和感受。 【详解】 1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad →pleased 困难的：difficult→ hard 此外：moreover→in addition 疲惫的：tired→ exhausted 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Moreover, there is a lot of homework to do. Every day I am so busy and I always feel tired after one day’s study. 拓展句：Moreover, with a lot of homework to do, every day I am so busy and I always feel tired after one day’s study. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】At the same time, I enjoy this lifestyle because I have learned many valuable skills.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句） 【高分句型2】Busy as it is, I think senior 3 is an important time for discovery.（运用了部分倒装) / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $