专题08 定语从句 （知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，广东专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题08 定语从句 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 类别 细分考点 规则 例词 / 例句 定语从句 关系代词的用法 关系代词 who（指人，作主语）、whom（指人，作宾语，可省略）、that（指人 / 物，作主语 / 宾语）、which（指物，作主语 / 宾语）、whose（指人 / 物，作定语）。重点：that 与 which 的区别（先行词为不定代词、最高级、序数词等时用 that；非限制性定语从句用 which）；whose 表所属关系。 This is the girl who won the competition.（这是赢得比赛的女孩）The book that/which I bought yesterday is interesting.（我昨天买的书很有趣）The house whose windows are broken needs repairing.（窗户破了的房子需要修理） 关系副词的用法 关系副词 when（表时间，先行词为时间名词）、where（表地点，先行词为地点名词）、why（表原因，先行词为 reason）。重点：可与 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构互换（如 when 可换为 at which，where 可换为 in which，why 可换为 for which）。 I’ll never forget the day when we met.（我永远不会忘记我们相遇的那一天）This is the place where we lived before.（这是我们以前住的地方）The reason why he was late is clear.（他迟到的原因很清楚） 限制性与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句：修饰先行词，不可省略，无逗号；非限制性定语从句：补充说明先行词，有逗号，不能用 that。重点：非限制性定语从句中关系代词 which 可指代整个主句内容。 He is the man who helped me.（他是帮助我的那个人，限制性）She has a brother, who is a doctor.（她有个哥哥，是医生，非限制性）He failed the exam, which made his parents angry.（他考试不及格，这让他父母很生气，which 指代主句） 特殊用法 1. 先行词为 way 时，关系词用 that（可省略）、in which 或省略；2. 先行词为 time 时，表 “次数” 用 that（可省略），表 “时间” 用 when 或 “介词 + which”；3. 分隔式定语从句：先行词与从句被其他成分隔开。 The way (that/in which) he spoke was impolite.（他说话的方式不礼貌）This is the second time (that) I have been here.（这是我第二次来这里）A new teacher will come tomorrow who can speak French.（明天会来一位会说法语的新老师，先行词 teacher 与从句被 will come tomorrow 隔开） 考点：定语从句的用法 类别 细分 规则 例词 / 例句 定语从句 关系代词用法 关系代词 who（指人，作主语）、whom（指人，作宾语，可省略）、that（指人 / 物，作主语 / 宾语）、which（指物，作主语 / 宾语）、whose（指人 / 物，作定语，表所属）。重点：先行词为不定代词（如 all, something）、最高级、序数词时用 that；非限制性定语从句用 which 不用 that。 The boy who is playing football is my brother.The pen that/which I lost yesterday was red.The house whose roof is broken needs repairing. 关系副词用法 关系副词 when（表时间，先行词为时间名词）、where（表地点，先行词为地点名词）、why（表原因，先行词为 reason）。重点：可与 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构转换（when 可换为 at which，where 可换为 in which，why 可换为 for which）。 We’ll never forget the day when we graduated.This is the school where I studied.The reason why he was absent is clear. 限制性与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句：无逗号，修饰先行词，不可省略；非限制性定语从句：有逗号，补充说明先行词，不能用 that，which 可指代整个主句内容。 He is the student who always helps others.（限制性）My father, who is a doctor, works in a hospital.（非限制性）He failed the exam, which made his parents sad. 特殊结构 1. 先行词为 way 时，关系词用 that（可省略）、in which 或省略；2. 分隔式定语从句：先行词与从句被其他成分隔开；3. “介词 + 关系代词” 结构：介词根据先行词或从句中动词、形容词的搭配确定。 The way (that/in which) you speak is impolite.A new film will be on tomorrow that you might like.The man with whom you talked is my teacher. 练 考点：定语从句的用法 例1：The girl ______ (sing on the stage) is my best friend. 例2：This is the book ______ (my father bought for me) last week. 例3：The boy ______ (we talked about yesterday) won the math competition. 例4：The house ______ (windows face south) gets lots of sunlight. 例5：I have a friend ______ (likes collecting stamps) as a hobby. 例6：I still remember the day ______ (I first went to school). 例7：This is the school ______ (I studied for six years). 例8：The reason ______ (he was late for class) is that he missed the bus. 例9：We visited the city ______ (the famous writer was born). 例10：I’ll never forget the moment ______ (we won the game). 例11：My sister ______ (is a nurse) works in a children’s hospital. 例12：My hometown, ______ (is in the south of China), is very beautiful. 例13：The book ______ (you lent me last week) is very interesting. 例14：Mr. Li, ______ (teaches us English), is very kind to us. 例15：He passed the exam, ______ (made his parents very happy). 例16：I don’t like the way ______ (he speaks to his parents). 例17：This is the third time ______ (I have been to Beijing). 例18：A new student ______ (can play the piano well) joined our class. 例19：The man ______ (we talked with just now) is our headmaster. 例20：The house ______ (we used to live in) is now a library. 题1：The man ______ is wearing a blue jacket is our new teacher. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 题2：This is the pen ______ I lost in the classroom yesterday. A. that B. who C. whose D. when 题3：The girl ______ we met at the party is from Shanghai. A. which B. whose C. whom D. where 题4：The tree ______ leaves turn red in autumn is very beautiful. A. who B. which C. whose D. that 题5：All ______ we need is enough time to finish the work. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 题6：This is the park ______ we often play basketball after school. A. when B. where C. why D. which 题7：I can’t remember the year ______ my family moved to this town. A. when B. where C. that D. which 题8：The reason ______ she didn’t come to the party is not clear. A. when B. where C. why D. who 题9：We went to the village ______ my grandparents used to live. A. which B. where C. when D. that 题10：I still keep the letter ______ I received from my friend last month. A. when B. where C. that D. why 题11：My brother, ______ is a doctor, will come to see me tomorrow. A. who B. that C. which D. whose 题12：The bike ______ I bought last year is still in good condition. A. which B. who C. where D. when 题13：She won the first prize, ______ surprised all of us. A. that B. which C. who D. why 题14：The girl ______ hair is black comes from Japan. A. whose B. who C. which D. that 题15：Our school, ______ was built in 1990, has a long history. A. that B. who C. which D. where 题16：I like the way ______ she organizes the class activities. A. which B. where C. that D. when 题17：This is the first time ______ I have seen such a beautiful sunset. A. that B. when C. where D. which 题18：A book ______ tells about Chinese history is on the desk. A. who B. which C. where D. when 题19：The girl ______ you are waiting for will come soon. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 题20：The city ______ we visited last summer is very modern. A. where B. when C. that D. why 一、单项选择 1. The novel ______ author won the Nobel Prize is very popular among students. A. who B. whose C. which D. whom 2. I still remember the afternoon ______ we spent planting trees in the park. A. when B. where C. that D. why 3. This is the museum ______ we saw the ancient cultural relics last month. A. which B. where C. when D. that 4. His uncle, ______ works as an engineer in a big company, will come to visit him. A. that B. who C. which D. where 5. The reason ______ many students choose this course is its practical value. A. why B. which C. when D. where 6. This is the most interesting story ______ I have read this year. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 7. The boy ______ we are looking for has already returned home. A. which B. whom C. whose D. where 8. A new bridge ______ connects the two villages will be built next year. A. who B. where C. which D. when 9. The way ______ he solves math problems is different from mine. A. that B. which C. where D. when 10. She told me a story ______ made me laugh for a long time. A. who B. whom C. which D. where 二、单句语法填空 11. The woman ______ (is talking to our teacher) is my mother. 12. This is the hotel ______ (we stayed during our trip to Guilin). 13. The magazine ______ (cover is designed by my sister) sells well. 14. I’ll never forget the day ______ (our team won the championship). 15. His new smartphone, ______ (he bought last month), was stolen yesterday. 16. The reason ______ (she didn’t finish her homework) is that she was ill. 17. This is the first English song ______ (I learned to sing). 18. The man ______ (we talked about at the meeting) is a famous scientist. 19. A film ______ (is about environmental protection) will be shown in our school. 20. The way ______ (she learns English words) is worth recommending. 一、阅读理解 A （2026年云南省普通高中学业水平统一考试仿真模拟卷01（春季高考适用）） The Most Walkable Cities in the World There's nothing like walking in a city and absorbing the local culture. So what are the most walkable cities in the world? Insider Monkey has listed the most walkable cities in 2024. Here are the top 4 cities where you can enjoy the best walking experiences. Florence, Italy Florence tops the list as the most walkable city in the world. Known for its Renaissance (文艺复兴) history and amazing architecture, the city's major landmarks, such as the Uffizi Gallery, Ponte Vecchio, Piazza della Signoria and Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore are all within easy walking distance. Another highlight, Florence attaches importance to cleanliness. You can find evidence in its well-maintained piazzas (广场) and the banks of the Arno River. Riga, Latvia This medieval (中世纪的) capital city set on the Baltic Sea is a delightful place for walkers. Its most popular attractions—the Riga Cathedral, Riga Central Market, the House of Black Heads and Bastejkalna Park—are all within 1.5 miles of each other. Besides the walk-only Old Town, Insider Monkey recommends checking out the UNESCO-listed neighborhood of Vecrig, which is described as "the historical center of Riga". Hamburg, Germany Hamburg's maritime (海洋的) atmosphere and cultural sites, like the Hamburg Dungeon and Miniatur Wunderland, are within two miles of each other. The city's convenient public transport and beautiful sites contribute to its high walk ability. Porto, Portugal Porto combines narrow stone streets perfect for exploring and famous landmarks, such as the Dom Luís I Bridge and Livraria Lello. The city's clean streets and well-maintained parks improve its walk ability. Moreover, Porto's air quality is influenced by its coastal location. 21. In which city can walkers experience UNESCO-listed neighborhood? A. Florence. B. Riga. C. Hamburg. D. Porto. 22. What do Florence and Porto have in common? A. They are clean cities. B. They have Renaissance history. C. They are coastal cities. D. They have convenient transport. 23. Where can you most probably find the text? A. In a textbook. B. In a biography. C. In a magazine. D. In a news report. B （2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷A）Antarctica is known for being a vast land of ice and snow, a place too cold for most life. Despite this, the continent is slowly starting to turn warm. According to the Guardian, the Antarctic has registered a new high temperature for the first time on record, prompting fears of climate instability in the world’s iciest place. On Feb 9, Brazilian researchers at Seymour Island reported a temperature of 20.75℃ on the icy continent of Antarctica. It was almost a full degree higher than the previous record of 19.8℃, taken on Signy Island (西格尼岛) in January 1982. This record-breaking reading was taken at a monitoring station in the northern part of Antarctica. According to Brazilian soil scientist Carlos Schaefer, the temperature was documented during a 20-year-long research project. The focus of this project is to study the effect that climate change has on the permafrost(永久冻土)within the region. Permafrost is soil that stays frozen for at least two years. Although this is a first record high for Antarctica, Schaefer stressed that "We can’t use this to anticipate climatic changes in the future. It’s simply a signal that something different is happening in that area." But in fact, the last high temperature reading was in the 19℃ range. These higher temperatures can cause ice and glaciers in Antarctic regions to melt. The Antarctic peninsula(半岛)---the long finger of land that stretches towards Argentina---is most dramatically affected. Scientists saw glaciers that have retreated by more than 100 meters in Discovery Bay where the snow melted in little more than a week, leaving dark exposed rock. This melted ice leads to a rise in sea levels that can threaten the safety of coastal areas. It’s believed to be behind an alarming decline of more than 50 percent in chinstrap penguin(帽带企鹅) colonies, which are dependent on sea ice. Like American writer Ernest Hemingway once said, "The Earth is a fine place and worth fighting for." We should do everything we can to help save our planet. Otherwise, it may become too hot for us to fix. 24. What did Brazilian researchers report on Feb 9? A. Seymour Island is the warmest region in the Antarctic. B. Antarctica hit a record high temperature of 20.75℃. C. The average temperature of Antarctica ranges from 19.8℃ to 20.75℃. D. Antarctica’s new record temperature is a full degree higher than the previous decade. 25. What’s the main purpose of the 20-year-long research project? A. To predict possible climatic change in the future. B. To monitor Antarctica’s contributions to world climate change. C. To explain why the permafrost may cause glaciers to melt. D. To examine how the permafrost is influenced by climate change. 26. What does the underlined word "retreated" probably mean? A. moved backward. B. increased in size. C. covered a certain area. D. stretched in an opposite direction. 27. According to the text, the melted glacier may lead to ________. A. the pollution of ocean water B. the release of various viruses C. threats to penguin habitats D. disappearances of coastal cities 28. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The Earth will be hotter and hotter. B. The high temperature can cause ice in Antarctica melt. C. People should spare no effort to protect the earth and the environment. D. A rise in sea levels can threaten the safety of coastal areas. C （2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷C） Round and Round They Go Space is becoming more crowded. On December 3, a Falcon 9 rocket made by Space X thundered into the sky. On board were 64 small satellites, more than any American company had launched before in one go. They have a variety of uses, from space-based- radar to the monitoring of radio-frequency- emissions. These objects are part of the latest breed of low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites. This launch is just taste of what is planned. Space X and One Web, a communications firm, plan to launch satellites in their thousands, not hundreds. The pair are set to double the total number of satellites in orbit by 2027. That promises to change things dramatically on Earth. LEO satellites can bring internet connectivity to places where it is still unavailable or unaffordable. This will also be a lasting source of new demand for the space economy. Morgan Stanley, a bank, projects that the space industry will grow from $350 billion in 2016 to more than $1. I trillion by 2040. New internet satellites will account for a half this increase. For that to happen, however, three worries must be overcome. Debris(碎片)is the most familiar concern. As long ago as 1978, Donald Kessler, a scientist at NASA, proposed situation in which, when enough satellites were packed into low-Earth orbits, any collision could cause a chain reaction which would eventually destroy all space craft in its orbital plane(平面). The syndrome which bears Mr. Kessler’s name weighs heavily on the minds of executives at the new satellite firms. Debris could cause entire tracts(广阔的一片) of space to be unusable for decades. Solutions exist. One is to grab malfunction satellites and pull them down into Earth’s atmosphere. Another is to monitor space more intensively for debris; a US Air Force program me called Space Fence is due to start in 2019. But technology is only part of the answer. Rules are needed to govern the safe disposal(清除) of old satellites from low-Earth orbit. The United States’ Federal Communications Commission is revising its regulations with this in mind. Other countries should follow suit. Cyber-security is a second, long-standing worry. Hackers could take control of a satellite and seal intellectual property, redirect data flows or cause a collision. The satellite industry has been slow to respond to such concerns. But as more of the world’s population comes to rely on the infrastructure of space for access to the internet, the need for action intensifies. The third issue follows from the first two. If a simple mistake or a cyber-attack can cause a chain reaction which wipes out hundreds of billions of dollars of investment, who is liable? Underwriters(保险商) are studying the plans of firms that wish to operate large numbers of satellites. But there is a long way to go before the risks are well understood, let alone priced. As space becomes more commercialized mind-bending prospects open up: packages moved across the planet in minutes by rocket rather than by plane, equipment sent to other small planets, passengers launched into orbit and beyond. All that and more may come, one day. But such activities would raise the same questions as LEO satellites do. They must be answered before the space economy can truly develop. 29. What can we learn about LEO satellites from the passage? A. They are supposed to limit the space economy. B. They are expected to increase in large numbers. C. They are designed to move beyond the Earth as far as possible. D. They are mainly intended to bring internet connectivity to remote areas. 30. To deal with debris in space, the author suggests________. A. depending entirely on the modern technology B. monitoring the movement of spaceships carefully C. strengthening rules to remove old satellites safely D. destroying all the satellites with problems instantly 31. What does the underlined word “intensify” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Measure. B. Increase. C. Spread. D. Repeat. 32. Which of the following can be classified as the third worry? A. Lack of satellite regulations. B. Loss of intellectual property. C. Crisis of confidence in the field. D. Slow response of satellite industry. 33. What is the author’s attitude toward the launch of LEO satellites? A. It should be further confirmed for its ownership. B. It should be continued because of its advantages. C. It should be done carefully to avoid potential risks. D. It should be stopped in face of the space economy. D （2022年广东省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语）In 2016, I suffered from Seasonal Affective Disorder(SAD) a form of depression(抑郁症) that is found to make people feel low in the UK between September and April. During that cold and wet period, I got comfort in books. Books have been used by many to reduce depression. I lose myself into them as thirstily as usually get my morning coffee. Each Christmas, I have a habit of returning to the old favorite books that make up for my emptiness, such as Jane Eyre. Sometimes, to escape from the cold, I run back to the heat that I am used to, so I will read a lot of books set in Africa. It became important for me to find a way to escape my sadness in the world of books. And isn’t that what art and literature is for? According to JJ Bola the author of No Place to Call Home, “The world can get you so down that you think you’re the only person going through what you’re going through. But then you read and you realize that you are not alone that if someone else has gone through it and survived, then maybe you can, too.” It is this survival that the reader looks for, that is, the understanding that the winter is not so long after all. 34. What was the possible cause for the author’s illness? A. His personality. B. His poor health. C. Sleeplessness. D. Cold and wet seasons. 35. The author likes reading old favorite books because they help him________. A. kill time B. keep warm C. enjoy Christmas time D. drive away emptiness 36. Which book may the author probably read when he feels cold? A. Jane Eyre. B. Out of Africa. C. Alice in Wonderland. D. No Place to Call Home. 37. Through reading, the author________. A. finds a way to escape his sadness B. gets along better with others C. leans more about other cultures D. becomes more interested in literature 38 What is the best title for the passage? A. Reading Reduces Depression B. Reading Keeps You Warm C. How to Escape Loneliness D. How to Survive Winters 二、完形填空 （2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷C）In Bothell, Washington. First, somebody showed up with balloons. Then a 39 . Then a big Happy Birthday banner 40 next to the Beca’s Coffee stand. And people just kept showing up. It was a party — just as Beca had imagined for her friend Jack. May 10 was his birthday, and she wanted to 41 him. Jack, 53, born with developmental disabilities loves people. Beca, 51, thought he was wonderful. So she 42 an arrangement: If he showed up every day for an hour and chatted with the customers at her drive-through window, she’d give him a free drink. Pretty soon, an hour turned into the whole day. Beca gave him a(n) 46 . “It’s 47 ,” Jack told KOMO News. “I love chatting with people here, and she pays me a lot of money!” 48 not everybody appreciated Jack’s enthusiasm. “One customer was extremely 49 ,” she says. 50 this, she posted Jack’s story on a community blog and also mentioned his approaching birthday. Without any planning, 51 showed up to celebrate his birthday, and he 52 everyone with a hug. Inspired by the spontaneous (自发的) good spirit, Beca suggested Bothell 53 every May 10 as Cup of Kindness Day. The city agreed. On the first Cup of Kindness Day, Beca 54 her shop and delivered cookies to police officers, 55 , teachers and others “who serve other people”. If you want a cup of coffee in Bothell, just head over to Beca’s. You know your drink will come with something extra-special: 56 . 39. A. cake B. card C. phone D. gift 40. A. expanded B. displayed C. produced D. stretched 41. A. force B. define C. surprise D. teach 42. A. delayed B. proposed C. cancelled D. exchanged 46. A. break B. idea C. career D. raise 47. A. normal B. demanding C. awesome D. embarrassing 48. A. Consequently B. However C. Instead D. Finally 49. A. disrespectful B. dishonest C. dishonorable D. disabled 50. A. Upset about B. Fond of C. Related to D. Skeptical about 51. A. citizens B. colleagues C. strangers D. neighbours 52. A. met B. driven C. greeted D. addressed 53. A. regard B. establish C. treat D. use 54. A. recommended B. donated C. shared D. closed 55. A. shoppers B. drivers C. firefighters D. walkers 56. A. respect B. kindness C. love D. calmness 三、语法填空 （江苏省2026年普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟卷01（春季高考适用）） Bike riding was once the main form of transportation in China in the 1980s and early 1990s. It 57 (make) a major comeback in recent years as a hot trend(趋势) for relaxation among the young people in cities. Nowadays young people have different types of bikes 58 (choose) from and a wide variety of bike accessories(配件) to build their 59 (person) styles. To them, bike riding is no longer a need forced upon them, 60 a quite modern lifestyle that combines fitness, social 61 (communicate) and city tour. The new cycling trend has changed the country’s landscapes. Many of its major roads, 62 (include) Chang’ an Avenue in Beijing and Binjiang Avenue in Shanghai, 63 (crowd) with groups of bikers now. Bicycle circles have been turned into city clubs, 64 cool city bikers gather to buy bicycle accessories, drink coffee and exchange the latest trend in the cycling world. For those young bikers, the sport comes with a speed that is neither too fast 65 too slow. At a medium speed, they can explore their surroundings and enjoy 66 sense of control and freedom. 四、应用文写作 （江苏省2026年普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟卷02（春季高考适用））假定你是李华，上周你班举办了英文歌曲演唱大赛。请你为校英语报写一篇报道，内容包括： 1. 时间、地点； 2. 比赛情况； 3. 活动反响。 注意:1.词数80左右； 2.请在答题卡的相应位置做答。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 定语从句 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 类别 细分考点 规则 例词 / 例句 定语从句 关系代词的用法 关系代词 who（指人，作主语）、whom（指人，作宾语，可省略）、that（指人 / 物，作主语 / 宾语）、which（指物，作主语 / 宾语）、whose（指人 / 物，作定语）。重点：that 与 which 的区别（先行词为不定代词、最高级、序数词等时用 that；非限制性定语从句用 which）；whose 表所属关系。 This is the girl who won the competition.（这是赢得比赛的女孩）The book that/which I bought yesterday is interesting.（我昨天买的书很有趣）The house whose windows are broken needs repairing.（窗户破了的房子需要修理） 关系副词的用法 关系副词 when（表时间，先行词为时间名词）、where（表地点，先行词为地点名词）、why（表原因，先行词为 reason）。重点：可与 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构互换（如 when 可换为 at which，where 可换为 in which，why 可换为 for which）。 I’ll never forget the day when we met.（我永远不会忘记我们相遇的那一天）This is the place where we lived before.（这是我们以前住的地方）The reason why he was late is clear.（他迟到的原因很清楚） 限制性与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句：修饰先行词，不可省略，无逗号；非限制性定语从句：补充说明先行词，有逗号，不能用 that。重点：非限制性定语从句中关系代词 which 可指代整个主句内容。 He is the man who helped me.（他是帮助我的那个人，限制性）She has a brother, who is a doctor.（她有个哥哥，是医生，非限制性）He failed the exam, which made his parents angry.（他考试不及格，这让他父母很生气，which 指代主句） 特殊用法 1. 先行词为 way 时，关系词用 that（可省略）、in which 或省略；2. 先行词为 time 时，表 “次数” 用 that（可省略），表 “时间” 用 when 或 “介词 + which”；3. 分隔式定语从句：先行词与从句被其他成分隔开。 The way (that/in which) he spoke was impolite.（他说话的方式不礼貌）This is the second time (that) I have been here.（这是我第二次来这里）A new teacher will come tomorrow who can speak French.（明天会来一位会说法语的新老师，先行词 teacher 与从句被 will come tomorrow 隔开） 考点：定语从句的用法 类别 细分 规则 例词 / 例句 定语从句 关系代词用法 关系代词 who（指人，作主语）、whom（指人，作宾语，可省略）、that（指人 / 物，作主语 / 宾语）、which（指物，作主语 / 宾语）、whose（指人 / 物，作定语，表所属）。重点：先行词为不定代词（如 all, something）、最高级、序数词时用 that；非限制性定语从句用 which 不用 that。 The boy who is playing football is my brother.The pen that/which I lost yesterday was red.The house whose roof is broken needs repairing. 关系副词用法 关系副词 when（表时间，先行词为时间名词）、where（表地点，先行词为地点名词）、why（表原因，先行词为 reason）。重点：可与 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构转换（when 可换为 at which，where 可换为 in which，why 可换为 for which）。 We’ll never forget the day when we graduated.This is the school where I studied.The reason why he was absent is clear. 限制性与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句：无逗号，修饰先行词，不可省略；非限制性定语从句：有逗号，补充说明先行词，不能用 that，which 可指代整个主句内容。 He is the student who always helps others.（限制性）My father, who is a doctor, works in a hospital.（非限制性）He failed the exam, which made his parents sad. 特殊结构 1. 先行词为 way 时，关系词用 that（可省略）、in which 或省略；2. 分隔式定语从句：先行词与从句被其他成分隔开；3. “介词 + 关系代词” 结构：介词根据先行词或从句中动词、形容词的搭配确定。 The way (that/in which) you speak is impolite.A new film will be on tomorrow that you might like.The man with whom you talked is my teacher. 练 考点：定语从句的用法 例1：The girl ______ (sing on the stage) is my best friend. 【答案】who is singing on the stage 【详解】考查关系代词who的用法。句意为“在舞台上唱歌的女孩是我最好的朋友”。先行词“the girl”指人，从句缺主语，用关系代词“who”引导，从句用现在进行时，故填“who is singing on the stage”。 例2：This is the book ______ (my father bought for me) last week. 【答案】that my father bought for me 【详解】考查关系代词that的用法。句意为“这是我爸爸上周给我买的书”。先行词“the book”指物，从句缺宾语，可用“that”引导，故填“that my father bought for me”。 例3：The boy ______ (we talked about yesterday) won the math competition. 【答案】whom we talked about yesterday 【详解】考查关系代词whom的用法。句意为“我们昨天谈论的那个男孩赢得了数学竞赛”。先行词“the boy”指人，从句缺宾语，用“whom”引导，故填“whom we talked about yesterday”。 例4：The house ______ (windows face south) gets lots of sunlight. 【答案】whose windows face south 【详解】考查关系代词whose的用法。句意为“窗户朝南的房子有很多阳光”。先行词“the house”指物，从句缺定语表所属，用“whose”引导，故填“whose windows face south”。 例5：I have a friend ______ (likes collecting stamps) as a hobby. 【答案】who likes collecting stamps 【详解】考查关系代词who的用法。句意为“我有一个喜欢集邮作为爱好的朋友”。先行词“a friend”指人，从句缺主语，用“who”引导，从句主语为单数，动词用“likes”，故填“who likes collecting stamps”。 例6：I still remember the day ______ (I first went to school). 【答案】when I first went to school 【详解】考查关系副词when的用法。句意为“我仍然记得我第一次上学的那一天”。先行词“the day”表时间，从句缺时间状语，用“when”引导，故填“when I first went to school”。 例7：This is the school ______ (I studied for six years). 【答案】where I studied for six years 【详解】考查关系副词where的用法。句意为“这是我读了六年书的学校”。先行词“the school”表地点，从句缺地点状语，用“where”引导，故填“where I studied for six years”。 例8：The reason ______ (he was late for class) is that he missed the bus. 【答案】why he was late for class 【详解】考查关系副词why的用法。句意为“他上课迟到的原因是他错过了公交车”。先行词“the reason”表原因，从句缺原因状语，用“why”引导，故填“why he was late for class”。 例9：We visited the city ______ (the famous writer was born). 【答案】where the famous writer was born 【详解】考查关系副词where的用法。句意为“我们参观了那位著名作家出生的城市”。先行词“the city”表地点，从句缺地点状语，用“where”引导，故填“where the famous writer was born”。 例10：I’ll never forget the moment ______ (we won the game). 【答案】when we won the game 【详解】考查关系副词when的用法。句意为“我永远不会忘记我们赢得比赛的那一刻”。先行词“the moment”表时间，从句缺时间状语，用“when”引导，故填“when we won the game”。 例11：My sister ______ (is a nurse) works in a children’s hospital. 【答案】who is a nurse 【详解】考查限制性定语从句。句意为“我当护士的姐姐在一家儿童医院工作”。先行词“my sister”指人，从句缺主语，限制性定语从句用“who”引导，无逗号，故填“who is a nurse”。 例12：My hometown, ______ (is in the south of China), is very beautiful. 【答案】which is in the south of China 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意为“我的家乡在中国南方，非常美丽”。先行词“my hometown”指物，非限制性定语从句用“which”引导，有逗号，故填“which is in the south of China”。 例13：The book ______ (you lent me last week) is very interesting. 【答案】that you lent me last week 【详解】考查限制性定语从句。句意为“你上周借给我的那本书很有趣”。先行词“the book”指物，从句缺宾语，限制性定语从句用“that”引导，故填“that you lent me last week”。 例14：Mr. Li, ______ (teaches us English), is very kind to us. 【答案】who teaches us English 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意为“教我们英语的李老师对我们很好”。先行词“Mr. Li”指人，非限制性定语从句用“who”引导，有逗号，故填“who teaches us English”。 例15：He passed the exam, ______ (made his parents very happy). 【答案】which made his parents very happy 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意为“他通过了考试，这让他的父母非常高兴”。非限制性定语从句中“which”指代整个主句内容，故填“which made his parents very happy”。 例16：I don’t like the way ______ (he speaks to his parents). 【答案】that he speaks to his parents 【详解】考查先行词为way的定语从句。句意为“我不喜欢他对父母说话的方式”。先行词为“way”，关系词可用“that”（可省略）或“in which”，故填“that he speaks to his parents”。 例17：This is the third time ______ (I have been to Beijing). 【答案】that I have been to Beijing 【详解】考查先行词为time的定语从句。句意为“这是我第三次去北京”。先行词“time”表“次数”，关系词用“that”（可省略），故填“that I have been to Beijing”。 例18：A new student ______ (can play the piano well) joined our class. 【答案】who can play the piano well 【详解】考查分隔式定语从句。句意为“一位钢琴弹得很好的新同学加入了我们班”。先行词“a new student”与从句被谓语“joined our class”隔开，关系词用“who”引导，故填“who can play the piano well”。 例19：The man ______ (we talked with just now) is our headmaster. 【答案】whom we talked with just now 【详解】考查“介词+关系代词”结构。句意为“我们刚才交谈的那个男人是我们的校长”。从句中“talk with”为固定搭配，关系代词用“whom”，故填“whom we talked with just now”。 例20：The house ______ (we used to live in) is now a library. 【答案】that we used to live in 【详解】考查先行词为house的定语从句。句意为“我们以前住的房子现在是图书馆”。先行词“the house”指物，从句中“live in”缺宾语，用“that”引导，故填“that we used to live in”。 题1：The man ______ is wearing a blue jacket is our new teacher. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 【答案】B 【详解】考查关系代词who。句意为“穿蓝色夹克的男人是我们的新老师”。先行词“the man”指人，从句缺主语，用“who”引导，故选B。 题2：This is the pen ______ I lost in the classroom yesterday. A. that B. who C. whose D. when 【答案】A 【详解】考查关系代词that。句意为“这是我昨天在教室弄丢的钢笔”。先行词“the pen”指物，从句缺宾语，用“that”引导，故选A。 题3：The girl ______ we met at the party is from Shanghai. A. which B. whose C. whom D. where 【答案】C 【详解】考查关系代词whom。句意为“我们在派对上遇到的女孩来自上海”。先行词“the girl”指人，从句缺宾语，用“whom”引导，故选C。 题4：The tree ______ leaves turn red in autumn is very beautiful. A. who B. which C. whose D. that 【答案】C 【详解】考查关系代词whose。句意为“秋天叶子变红的树很漂亮”。先行词“the tree”指物，从句缺定语表所属，用“whose”引导，故选C。 题5：All ______ we need is enough time to finish the work. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 【答案】B 【详解】考查关系代词that。句意为“我们所需要的就是足够的时间完成工作”。先行词“all”是不定代词，关系代词用“that”，故选B。 题6：This is the park ______ we often play basketball after school. A. when B. where C. why D. which 【答案】B 【详解】考查关系副词where。句意为“这是我们放学后经常打篮球的公园”。先行词“the park”表地点，从句缺地点状语，用“where”引导，故选B。 题7：I can’t remember the year ______ my family moved to this town. A. when B. where C. that D. which 【答案】A 【详解】考查关系副词when。句意为“我不记得我们家搬到这个小镇的那一年了”。先行词“the year”表时间，从句缺时间状语，用“when”引导，故选A。 题8：The reason ______ she didn’t come to the party is not clear. A. when B. where C. why D. who 【答案】C 【详解】考查关系副词why。句意为“她没来派对的原因不清楚”。先行词“the reason”表原因，从句缺原因状语，用“why”引导，故选C。 题9：We went to the village ______ my grandparents used to live. A. which B. where C. when D. that 【答案】B 【详解】考查关系副词where。句意为“我们去了我祖父母以前住的村子”。先行词“the village”表地点，从句缺地点状语，用“where”引导，故选B。 题10：I still keep the letter ______ I received from my friend last month. A. when B. where C. that D. why 【答案】C 【详解】考查关系代词that。句意为“我还保留着上个月从朋友那里收到的信”。先行词“the letter”指物，从句缺宾语，用“that”引导，故选C。 题11：My brother, ______ is a doctor, will come to see me tomorrow. A. who B. that C. which D. whose 【答案】A 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意为“我当医生的哥哥明天会来看我”。先行词“my brother”指人，非限制性定语从句用“who”引导，不用“that”，故选A。 题12：The bike ______ I bought last year is still in good condition. A. which B. who C. where D. when 【答案】A 【详解】考查限制性定语从句。句意为“我去年买的自行车还状况良好”。先行词“the bike”指物，限制性定语从句用“which”引导，故选A。 题13：She won the first prize, ______ surprised all of us. A. that B. which C. who D. why 【答案】B 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意为“她赢得了一等奖，这让我们所有人都很惊讶”。“which”指代整个主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句，故选B。 题14：The girl ______ hair is black comes from Japan. A. whose B. who C. which D. that 【答案】A 【详解】考查限制性定语从句。句意为“黑头发的女孩来自日本”。先行词“the girl”指人，从句缺定语表所属，用“whose”引导，故选A。 题15：Our school, ______ was built in 1990, has a long history. A. that B. who C. which D. where 【答案】C 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意为“我们学校建于1990年，有着悠久的历史”。先行词“our school”指物，非限制性定语从句用“which”引导，故选C。 题16：I like the way ______ she organizes the class activities. A. which B. where C. that D. when 【答案】C 【详解】考查先行词为way的定语从句。句意为“我喜欢她组织班级活动的方式”。先行词为“way”，关系词用“that”，故选C。 题17：This is the first time ______ I have seen such a beautiful sunset. A. that B. when C. where D. which 【答案】A 【详解】考查先行词为time的定语从句。句意为“这是我第一次看到如此美丽的日落”。先行词“time”表“次数”，关系词用“that”，故选A。 题18：A book ______ tells about Chinese history is on the desk. A. who B. which C. where D. when 【答案】B 【详解】考查分隔式定语从句。句意为“一本讲中国历史的书在桌子上”。先行词“a book”与从句被“is on the desk”隔开，关系词用“which”引导，故选B。 题19：The girl ______ you are waiting for will come soon. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 【答案】B 【详解】考查“介词+关系代词”结构。句意为“你正在等的女孩很快会来”。从句中“wait for”缺宾语，先行词“the girl”指人，用“whom”，故选B。 题20：The city ______ we visited last summer is very modern. A. where B. when C. that D. why 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。句意为“我们去年夏天参观的城市非常现代化”。先行词“the city”指物，从句缺宾语，用“that”引导，故选C。 一、单项选择 1. The novel ______ author won the Nobel Prize is very popular among students. A. who B. whose C. which D. whom 【答案】B 【详解】考查关系代词whose的用法。句意为“那位获得诺贝尔奖的作者写的小说在学生中很受欢迎”。先行词“the novel”与“author”为所属关系，从句缺定语，用“whose”引导，故选B。 2. I still remember the afternoon ______ we spent planting trees in the park. A. when B. where C. that D. why 【答案】C 【详解】考查关系代词that的用法。句意为“我仍然记得我们在公园种树的那个下午”。先行词“the afternoon”在从句中作“spent”的宾语，用“that”引导，故选C。 3. This is the museum ______ we saw the ancient cultural relics last month. A. which B. where C. when D. that 【答案】B 【详解】考查关系副词where的用法。句意为“这是我们上个月看到古代文物的博物馆”。先行词“the museum”表地点，从句缺地点状语，用“where”引导，故选B。 4. His uncle, ______ works as an engineer in a big company, will come to visit him. A. that B. who C. which D. where 【答案】B 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意为“他那位在大公司当工程师的叔叔会来看他”。先行词“his uncle”指人，非限制性定语从句用“who”引导，不用“that”，故选B。 5. The reason ______ many students choose this course is its practical value. A. why B. which C. when D. where 【答案】A 【详解】考查关系副词why的用法。句意为“很多学生选这门课的原因是它的实用价值”。先行词“the reason”表原因，从句缺原因状语，用“why”引导，故选A。 6. This is the most interesting story ______ I have read this year. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 【答案】B 【详解】考查关系代词that的用法。句意为“这是我今年读过的最有趣的故事”。先行词“the most interesting story”含最高级，关系代词用“that”，故选B。 7. The boy ______ we are looking for has already returned home. A. which B. whom C. whose D. where 【答案】B 【详解】考查关系代词whom的用法。句意为“我们正在找的那个男孩已经回家了”。先行词“the boy”指人，从句缺宾语，用“whom”引导，故选B。 8. A new bridge ______ connects the two villages will be built next year. A. who B. where C. which D. when 【答案】C 【详解】考查分隔式定语从句。句意为“一座连接两个村子的新桥将于明年建成”。先行词“a new bridge”与从句被“will be built next year”隔开，关系词用“which”引导，故选C。 9. The way ______ he solves math problems is different from mine. A. that B. which C. where D. when 【答案】A 【详解】考查先行词为way的定语从句。句意为“他解数学题的方法和我的不一样”。先行词为“way”，关系词用“that”，故选A。 10. She told me a story ______ made me laugh for a long time. A. who B. whom C. which D. where 【答案】C 【详解】考查关系代词which的用法。句意为“她给我讲了一个让我笑了很久的故事”。先行词“a story”指物，从句缺主语，用“which”引导，故选C。 二、单句语法填空 11. The woman ______ (is talking to our teacher) is my mother. 【答案】who is talking to our teacher 【详解】考查关系代词who的用法。句意为“正在和我们老师说话的女人是我妈妈”。先行词“the woman”指人，从句缺主语，用“who”引导，从句用现在进行时，故填“who is talking to our teacher”。 12. This is the hotel ______ (we stayed during our trip to Guilin). 【答案】where we stayed during our trip to Guilin 【详解】考查关系副词where的用法。句意为“这是我们去桂林旅行时住的酒店”。先行词“the hotel”表地点，从句缺地点状语，用“where”引导，故填“where we stayed during our trip to Guilin”。 13. The magazine ______ (cover is designed by my sister) sells well. 【答案】whose cover is designed by my sister 【详解】考查关系代词whose的用法。句意为“那本封面由我姐姐设计的杂志卖得很好”。先行词“the magazine”指物，从句缺定语表所属，用“whose”引导，故填“whose cover is designed by my sister”。 14. I’ll never forget the day ______ (our team won the championship). 【答案】when our team won the championship 【详解】考查关系副词when的用法。句意为“我永远不会忘记我们队赢得冠军的那一天”。先行词“the day”表时间，从句缺时间状语，用“when”引导，故填“when our team won the championship”。 15. His new smartphone, ______ (he bought last month), was stolen yesterday. 【答案】which he bought last month 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意为“他上个月买的新智能手机昨天被偷了”。先行词“his new smartphone”指物，非限制性定语从句用“which”引导，故填“which he bought last month”。 16. The reason ______ (she didn’t finish her homework) is that she was ill. 【答案】why she didn’t finish her homework 【详解】考查关系副词why的用法。句意为“她没完成作业的原因是她生病了”。先行词“the reason”表原因，从句缺原因状语，用“why”引导，故填“why she didn’t finish her homework”。 17. This is the first English song ______ (I learned to sing). 【答案】that I learned to sing 【详解】考查关系代词that的用法。句意为“这是我学唱的第一首英文歌”。先行词“the first English song”含序数词，关系代词用“that”，故填“that I learned to sing”。 18. The man ______ (we talked about at the meeting) is a famous scientist. 【答案】whom we talked about at the meeting 【详解】考查关系代词whom的用法。句意为“我们在会上谈论的那个男人是一位著名科学家”。先行词“the man”指人，从句缺宾语，用“whom”引导，故填“whom we talked about at the meeting”。 19. A film ______ (is about environmental protection) will be shown in our school. 【答案】which is about environmental protection 【详解】考查分隔式定语从句。句意为“一部关于环境保护的电影将在我们学校放映”。先行词“a film”与从句被“will be shown in our school”隔开，关系词用“which”引导，故填“which is about environmental protection”。 20. The way ______ (she learns English words) is worth recommending. 【答案】that she learns English words 【详解】考查先行词为way的定语从句。句意为“她记英语单词的方法值得推荐”。先行词为“way”，关系词用“that”，故填“that she learns English words”。 一、阅读理解 A （2026年云南省普通高中学业水平统一考试仿真模拟卷01（春季高考适用）） The Most Walkable Cities in the World There's nothing like walking in a city and absorbing the local culture. So what are the most walkable cities in the world? Insider Monkey has listed the most walkable cities in 2024. Here are the top 4 cities where you can enjoy the best walking experiences. Florence, Italy Florence tops the list as the most walkable city in the world. Known for its Renaissance (文艺复兴) history and amazing architecture, the city's major landmarks, such as the Uffizi Gallery, Ponte Vecchio, Piazza della Signoria and Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore are all within easy walking distance. Another highlight, Florence attaches importance to cleanliness. You can find evidence in its well-maintained piazzas (广场) and the banks of the Arno River. Riga, Latvia This medieval (中世纪的) capital city set on the Baltic Sea is a delightful place for walkers. Its most popular attractions—the Riga Cathedral, Riga Central Market, the House of Black Heads and Bastejkalna Park—are all within 1.5 miles of each other. Besides the walk-only Old Town, Insider Monkey recommends checking out the UNESCO-listed neighborhood of Vecrig, which is described as "the historical center of Riga". Hamburg, Germany Hamburg's maritime (海洋的) atmosphere and cultural sites, like the Hamburg Dungeon and Miniatur Wunderland, are within two miles of each other. The city's convenient public transport and beautiful sites contribute to its high walk ability. Porto, Portugal Porto combines narrow stone streets perfect for exploring and famous landmarks, such as the Dom Luís I Bridge and Livraria Lello. The city's clean streets and well-maintained parks improve its walk ability. Moreover, Porto's air quality is influenced by its coastal location. 21. In which city can walkers experience UNESCO-listed neighborhood? A. Florence. B. Riga. C. Hamburg. D. Porto. 22. What do Florence and Porto have in common? A. They are clean cities. B. They have Renaissance history. C. They are coastal cities. D. They have convenient transport. 23. Where can you most probably find the text? A. In a textbook. B. In a biography. C. In a magazine. D. In a news report. 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 【导语】本文体裁为科普说明类文本。该文本介绍2024年全球4座最适合步行的城市，核心考查事实细节题与推理判断题，需通过定位原文关键信息匹配选项。 21. 事实细节题 解析：题干关键信息“UNESCO-listed neighborhood”（联合国教科文组织列入名录的街区）。定位原文“Riga, Latvia”部分：“Insider Monkey recommends checking out the UNESCO-listed neighborhood of Vecrig”，明确里加（Riga）有该类街区，故答案为B。其他选项中，佛罗伦萨（A）、汉堡（C）、波尔图（D）的介绍均未提及“UNESCO-listed neighborhood”，排除。 22. 题目类型：事实细节题（对比分析） 解析：题干要求找佛罗伦萨（Florence）与波尔图（Porto）的共同点。定位原文： 佛罗伦萨部分：“Florence attaches importance to cleanliness. You can find evidence in its well-maintained piazzas and the banks of the Arno River”（注重清洁，广场和河岸维护良好）； 波尔图部分：“The city's clean streets and well-maintained parks improve its walkability”（街道干净，公园维护良好）。两者均强调“干净”，故答案为A。B（文艺复兴历史）仅属于佛罗伦萨，C（沿海城市）仅属于波尔图，D（便捷交通）仅属于汉堡，均为单一城市特征，排除。 23. 题目类型：推理判断题 题干要求判断文本最可能的出处。文本围绕“世界适合步行的城市”展开，内容兼具旅游推荐与文化科普属性，语言风格轻松易懂，无专业学术或时政报道特征： A（教材）侧重系统知识讲解，如语法、词汇或学科理论，与文本内容不符； B（传记）聚焦人物生平经历，文本未提及任何人物的完整生平，排除； D（新闻报道）强调时效性与事件性，如突发新闻、政策发布，文本无时间限定（仅提及2024年榜单，非即时事件），排除； C（杂志）常刊登生活、旅游、文化类科普文章，与文本属性匹配，故答案为C。 B （2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷A）Antarctica is known for being a vast land of ice and snow, a place too cold for most life. Despite this, the continent is slowly starting to turn warm. According to the Guardian, the Antarctic has registered a new high temperature for the first time on record, prompting fears of climate instability in the world’s iciest place. On Feb 9, Brazilian researchers at Seymour Island reported a temperature of 20.75℃ on the icy continent of Antarctica. It was almost a full degree higher than the previous record of 19.8℃, taken on Signy Island (西格尼岛) in January 1982. This record-breaking reading was taken at a monitoring station in the northern part of Antarctica. According to Brazilian soil scientist Carlos Schaefer, the temperature was documented during a 20-year-long research project. The focus of this project is to study the effect that climate change has on the permafrost(永久冻土)within the region. Permafrost is soil that stays frozen for at least two years. Although this is a first record high for Antarctica, Schaefer stressed that "We can’t use this to anticipate climatic changes in the future. It’s simply a signal that something different is happening in that area." But in fact, the last high temperature reading was in the 19℃ range. These higher temperatures can cause ice and glaciers in Antarctic regions to melt. The Antarctic peninsula(半岛)---the long finger of land that stretches towards Argentina---is most dramatically affected. Scientists saw glaciers that have retreated by more than 100 meters in Discovery Bay where the snow melted in little more than a week, leaving dark exposed rock. This melted ice leads to a rise in sea levels that can threaten the safety of coastal areas. It’s believed to be behind an alarming decline of more than 50 percent in chinstrap penguin(帽带企鹅) colonies, which are dependent on sea ice. Like American writer Ernest Hemingway once said, "The Earth is a fine place and worth fighting for." We should do everything we can to help save our planet. Otherwise, it may become too hot for us to fix. 24. What did Brazilian researchers report on Feb 9? A. Seymour Island is the warmest region in the Antarctic. B. Antarctica hit a record high temperature of 20.75℃. C. The average temperature of Antarctica ranges from 19.8℃ to 20.75℃. D. Antarctica’s new record temperature is a full degree higher than the previous decade. 25. What’s the main purpose of the 20-year-long research project? A. To predict possible climatic change in the future. B. To monitor Antarctica’s contributions to world climate change. C. To explain why the permafrost may cause glaciers to melt. D. To examine how the permafrost is influenced by climate change. 26. What does the underlined word "retreated" probably mean? A. moved backward. B. increased in size. C. covered a certain area. D. stretched in an opposite direction. 27. According to the text, the melted glacier may lead to ________. A. the pollution of ocean water B. the release of various viruses C. threats to penguin habitats D. disappearances of coastal cities 28. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The Earth will be hotter and hotter. B. The high temperature can cause ice in Antarctica melt. C. People should spare no effort to protect the earth and the environment. D. A rise in sea levels can threaten the safety of coastal areas. 【答案】 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. C 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了南极的气温创下历史新高，人们担心这个世界上最寒冷的地方会出现气候不稳定的情况。因此，我们要像美国作家海明威曾经说过的，“地球是一个美好的地方，值得我们为之奋斗”。我们应该尽我们所能帮助拯救我们的星球。 24. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“On Feb 9, Brazilian researchers at Seymour Island reported a temperature of 20.75℃ on the icy continent of Antarctica.2月9日，巴西研究人员在西摩岛报告称，南极洲冰封大陆的温度为20.75℃。”可知，2月9日，巴西研究人员报告南极洲创下了20.75℃的高温纪录。故选B。 25. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“According to Brazilian soil scientist Carlos Schaefer, the temperature was documented during a 20-year-long research project. The focus of this project is to study the effect that climate change has on the permafrost(永久冻土)within the region. 据巴西土壤科学家卡洛斯·舍费尔称，该温度是在一项长达20年的研究项目中记录的。该项目的重点是研究气候变化对区域内永久冻土的影响。”可知，这个长达20年的研究项目的主要目的是研究永久冻土是如何受到气候变化的影响的。故选D。 26. 词句猜测题。根据上文的“The Antarctic peninsula(半岛)---the long finger of land that stretches towards Argentina---is most dramatically affected. 南极半岛——延伸到阿根廷的狭长地带——受到的影响最为显著。”可知，南极半岛受到的影响最大，结合下文的“in Discovery Bay where the snow melted in little more than a week, leaving dark exposed rock.在愉景湾，积雪在一周多一点的时间内融化，留下了黑暗的裸露岩石。”可知，科学家们科学家们发现冰川已经退缩了100多米，因此，可推测出retreated意思为“后退”的意思。故选A。 27. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“It’s believed to be behind an alarming decline of more than 50 percent in chinstrap penguin(帽带企鹅) colonies, which are dependent on sea ice.人们认为，这是导致依赖海冰的帽带企鹅种群数量惊人地下降50%的原因。”可知，冰川融化可能导致企鹅的栖息地受到威胁，从而使企鹅的数量下降了。故选C。 28. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“"The Earth is a fine place and worth fighting for." We should do everything we can to help save our planet. ”可知，该段引用了海明威的名言“地球是一个美好的地方，值得我们为之奋斗。”紧接着提到我们应该尽我们所能帮助拯救我们的星球。由此可知，本段主要内容是倡议人们应该不遗余力地保护地球和环境。故选C。 C （2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷C） Round and Round They Go Space is becoming more crowded. On December 3, a Falcon 9 rocket made by Space X thundered into the sky. On board were 64 small satellites, more than any American company had launched before in one go. They have a variety of uses, from space-based- radar to the monitoring of radio-frequency- emissions. These objects are part of the latest breed of low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites. This launch is just taste of what is planned. Space X and One Web, a communications firm, plan to launch satellites in their thousands, not hundreds. The pair are set to double the total number of satellites in orbit by 2027. That promises to change things dramatically on Earth. LEO satellites can bring internet connectivity to places where it is still unavailable or unaffordable. This will also be a lasting source of new demand for the space economy. Morgan Stanley, a bank, projects that the space industry will grow from $350 billion in 2016 to more than $1. I trillion by 2040. New internet satellites will account for a half this increase. For that to happen, however, three worries must be overcome. Debris(碎片)is the most familiar concern. As long ago as 1978, Donald Kessler, a scientist at NASA, proposed situation in which, when enough satellites were packed into low-Earth orbits, any collision could cause a chain reaction which would eventually destroy all space craft in its orbital plane(平面). The syndrome which bears Mr. Kessler’s name weighs heavily on the minds of executives at the new satellite firms. Debris could cause entire tracts(广阔的一片) of space to be unusable for decades. Solutions exist. One is to grab malfunction satellites and pull them down into Earth’s atmosphere. Another is to monitor space more intensively for debris; a US Air Force program me called Space Fence is due to start in 2019. But technology is only part of the answer. Rules are needed to govern the safe disposal(清除) of old satellites from low-Earth orbit. The United States’ Federal Communications Commission is revising its regulations with this in mind. Other countries should follow suit. Cyber-security is a second, long-standing worry. Hackers could take control of a satellite and seal intellectual property, redirect data flows or cause a collision. The satellite industry has been slow to respond to such concerns. But as more of the world’s population comes to rely on the infrastructure of space for access to the internet, the need for action intensifies. The third issue follows from the first two. If a simple mistake or a cyber-attack can cause a chain reaction which wipes out hundreds of billions of dollars of investment, who is liable? Underwriters(保险商) are studying the plans of firms that wish to operate large numbers of satellites. But there is a long way to go before the risks are well understood, let alone priced. As space becomes more commercialized mind-bending prospects open up: packages moved across the planet in minutes by rocket rather than by plane, equipment sent to other small planets, passengers launched into orbit and beyond. All that and more may come, one day. But such activities would raise the same questions as LEO satellites do. They must be answered before the space economy can truly develop. 29. What can we learn about LEO satellites from the passage? A. They are supposed to limit the space economy. B. They are expected to increase in large numbers. C. They are designed to move beyond the Earth as far as possible. D. They are mainly intended to bring internet connectivity to remote areas. 30. To deal with debris in space, the author suggests________. A. depending entirely on the modern technology B. monitoring the movement of spaceships carefully C. strengthening rules to remove old satellites safely D. destroying all the satellites with problems instantly 31. What does the underlined word “intensify” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Measure. B. Increase. C. Spread. D. Repeat. 32. Which of the following can be classified as the third worry? A. Lack of satellite regulations. B. Loss of intellectual property. C. Crisis of confidence in the field. D. Slow response of satellite industry. 33. What is the author’s attitude toward the launch of LEO satellites? A. It should be further confirmed for its ownership. B. It should be continued because of its advantages. C. It should be done carefully to avoid potential risks. D. It should be stopped in face of the space economy. 【答案】 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. C 【分析】 本文是说明文，介绍了低地球轨道(LEO)卫星计划和该计划面临的几个问题。 29. 推理判断题。根据第二自然段“These objects are part of the latest breed of low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites…Space X and One Web, a communications firm, plan to launch satellites in their thousands, not hundreds.”(这些物体是最新的低地球轨道(LEO)卫星的一部分。……Space X和通讯公司One Web计划发射数千颗卫星，而不是数百颗。) 可知还会有更多的低地球轨道(LEO)卫星要发射。故选B项。 30. 细节理解题。根据第五自然段“But technology is only part of the answer. Rules are needed to govern the safe disposal(清除) of old satellites from low-Earth orbit.”(但技术只是解决办法的一方面。我们还需要制定管理规则来安全处置来自近地轨道的旧卫星。) 可知，除了技术以外，作者建议还需要制定制度。故选C项。 31. 词句猜测题。根据本段第一句“Cyber-security is a second, long-standing worry.(网络安全是第二个长期以来的担忧。)”可知，本段中讲到低地球轨道(LEO)卫星网络安全问题。第三句“The satellite industry has been slow to respond to such concerns.”（卫星产业对这种担忧的反应一直缓慢。) 和划线句“But as more of the world’s population comes to rely on the infrastructure of space for access to the internet.”（但随着越来越多的世界人口开始依赖太空基础设施来接入互联网。）可知，人们对太空基础设施越来越依赖，但相关产业对这面的问题反应滞后。所以，“the need for action intensifies.”是指“采取行动的必要性增加了”。故划线词与increase意思相近。故选B项。 32. 推理判断题。根据第七自中“If a simple mistake or a cyber-attack can cause a chain reaction which wipes out hundreds of billions of dollars of investment, who is liable?”（如果一个简单的错误或一次网络攻击就能导致连锁反应，使数千亿美元的投资化为乌有，那么谁来承担责任呢?）和“Underwriters(保险商) are studying the plans of firms…there is a long way to go before the risks are well understood, let alone priced.”(保险商正在研究这些公司的计划。……在充分了解风险之前还有很长的路要走，更不用说定价了。)可知对于低地球轨道(LEO)卫星网络发生事故后的责任划分问题不明确，保险商对这种情况的风险评估也未完成。说明相关法规制度并不完善。故选A项。 33. 主旨大意题。根据最后一个自然段中“But such activities would raise the same questions as LEO satellites do. They must be answered before the space economy can truly develop.”（在太空经济真正发展之前，这些问题必须得到解决。）可知作者认为很多问题尚未解决，所以对于LEO卫星的发射需要慎重。故选C项。 D （2022年广东省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语）In 2016, I suffered from Seasonal Affective Disorder(SAD) a form of depression(抑郁症) that is found to make people feel low in the UK between September and April. During that cold and wet period, I got comfort in books. Books have been used by many to reduce depression. I lose myself into them as thirstily as usually get my morning coffee. Each Christmas, I have a habit of returning to the old favorite books that make up for my emptiness, such as Jane Eyre. Sometimes, to escape from the cold, I run back to the heat that I am used to, so I will read a lot of books set in Africa. It became important for me to find a way to escape my sadness in the world of books. And isn’t that what art and literature is for? According to JJ Bola the author of No Place to Call Home, “The world can get you so down that you think you’re the only person going through what you’re going through. But then you read and you realize that you are not alone that if someone else has gone through it and survived, then maybe you can, too.” It is this survival that the reader looks for, that is, the understanding that the winter is not so long after all. 34. What was the possible cause for the author’s illness? A. His personality. B. His poor health. C. Sleeplessness. D. Cold and wet seasons. 35. The author likes reading old favorite books because they help him________. A. kill time B. keep warm C. enjoy Christmas time D. drive away emptiness 36. Which book may the author probably read when he feels cold? A. Jane Eyre. B. Out of Africa. C. Alice in Wonderland. D. No Place to Call Home. 37. Through reading, the author________. A. finds a way to escape his sadness B. gets along better with others C. leans more about other cultures D. becomes more interested in literature 38 What is the best title for the passage? A. Reading Reduces Depression B. Reading Keeps You Warm C. How to Escape Loneliness D. How to Survive Winters 【答案】34. D 35. D 36. B 37. A 38. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者患有一种叫做季节性情感障碍的抑郁症。而作者通过阅读来缓解痛苦，阅读书籍给了作者安慰，让作者觉得自己不是一个人在面对困难。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“In 3834, I suffered from Seasonal Affective Disorder(SAD) a form of depression(抑郁症) that is found to make people feel low in the UK between September and April. During that cold and wet period, I got comfort in books.( 3834年，我患上了季节性情感障碍(SAD)，这是一种抑郁症，在英国，人们在9月至4月期间会感到情绪低落。在那段阴冷潮湿的日子里，我从书里得到了安慰。)”可知，患有这种疾病了时间是在9月至4月期间，那时英国的天气是寒冷和潮湿的，因此可知，是寒冷和潮湿的天气让作者患上这种病。故选D项。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Each Christmas, I have a habit of returning to the old favorite books that make up for my emptiness, such as Jane Eyre.(每年圣诞节，我都有一个习惯，那就是回到以前最喜欢的书上来弥补我的空虚，比如《简爱》。)”可知，作者通过阅读书本得到了安慰，弥补了自己精神上的空虚感。因此可知，作者读书是为了驱赶空虚感。故选D项。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Sometimes, to escape from the cold, I run back to the heat that I am used to, so I will read a lot of books set in Africa.(有时候，为了逃离寒冷，我会跑回我习惯的炎热，所以我会读很多以非洲为背景的书。)”可知，为了逃避寒冷，作者会读以非洲为背景的书籍，因此推知Out of Africa会是作者的选择。故选B项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It became important for me to find a way to escape my sadness in the world of books.(对我来说，在书的世界里找到一种逃避悲伤的方法变得很重要。)”可知，对作者来讲，书本是作者逃避悲伤的一种重要的方式，因此可知，通过阅读书本，作者逃离了悲伤。故选A项。 【38题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“During that cold and wet period, I got comfort in books.(在那段阴冷潮湿的日子里，我从书里得到了安慰。)”以及第二段的“Each Christmas, I have a habit of returning to the old favorite books that make up for my emptiness, such as Jane Eyre.(每年圣诞节，我都有一个习惯，那就是回到以前最喜欢的书上来弥补我的空虚，比如《简爱》。)”以及最后一段的“It became important for me to find a way to escape my sadness in the world of books.(对我来说，在书的世界里找到一种逃避悲伤的方法变得很重要。)”以及最后一段的“It is this survival that the reader looks for, that is, the understanding that the winter is not so long after all.(读者寻找的正是这种生存，即明白了冬天总会过去的。)”可知，本文讲述了阅读缓解了作者的抑郁症，给了作者安慰，驱赶走作者的空虚和悲伤，因此可知，阅读缓和了作者的抑郁情绪。故选A项。 二、完形填空 （2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷C）In Bothell, Washington. First, somebody showed up with balloons. Then a 39 . Then a big Happy Birthday banner 40 next to the Beca’s Coffee stand. And people just kept showing up. It was a party — just as Beca had imagined for her friend Jack. May 10 was his birthday, and she wanted to 41 him. Jack, 53, born with developmental disabilities loves people. Beca, 51, thought he was wonderful. So she 42 an arrangement: If he showed up every day for an hour and chatted with the customers at her drive-through window, she’d give him a free drink. Pretty soon, an hour turned into the whole day. Beca gave him a(n) 46 . “It’s 47 ,” Jack told KOMO News. “I love chatting with people here, and she pays me a lot of money!” 48 not everybody appreciated Jack’s enthusiasm. “One customer was extremely 49 ,” she says. 50 this, she posted Jack’s story on a community blog and also mentioned his approaching birthday. Without any planning, 51 showed up to celebrate his birthday, and he 52 everyone with a hug. Inspired by the spontaneous (自发的) good spirit, Beca suggested Bothell 53 every May 10 as Cup of Kindness Day. The city agreed. On the first Cup of Kindness Day, Beca 54 her shop and delivered cookies to police officers, 55 , teachers and others “who serve other people”. If you want a cup of coffee in Bothell, just head over to Beca’s. You know your drink will come with something extra-special: 56 . 39. A. cake B. card C. phone D. gift 40. A. expanded B. displayed C. produced D. stretched 41. A. force B. define C. surprise D. teach 42. A. delayed B. proposed C. cancelled D. exchanged 46. A. break B. idea C. career D. raise 47. A. normal B. demanding C. awesome D. embarrassing 48. A. Consequently B. However C. Instead D. Finally 49. A. disrespectful B. dishonest C. dishonorable D. disabled 50. A. Upset about B. Fond of C. Related to D. Skeptical about 51. A. citizens B. colleagues C. strangers D. neighbours 52. A. met B. driven C. greeted D. addressed 53. A. regard B. establish C. treat D. use 54. A. recommended B. donated C. shared D. closed 55. A. shoppers B. drivers C. firefighters D. walkers 56. A. respect B. kindness C. love D. calmness 【答案】 39. A 40. D 41. C 42. B 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. A 51. D 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. C 56. B 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了咖啡摊老板Beca为了帮助残疾人朋友Jack，约定他来自己的咖啡摊每天跟客人聊天一小时，并免费提供给他一杯咖啡。Jack很享受这份工作。她在社区的微博上分享了Jack的故事，并告诉大家Jack即将过生日。在生日那天，社区的邻居们都不约而同地来给Jack过生日，带给他惊喜。同时，Beca建议当地政府将5月10日作为“善意杯日”。 39. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后是蛋糕。A. cake蛋糕；B. card卡片；C. phone电话；D. gift礼物。根据后文“Then a big Happy Birthday banner(然后是一个大大的“生日快乐”横幅)”可知，此处表示给Jack过生日，过生日应该有一个生日蛋糕。A项“cake”意为蛋糕，符合语境。故选A项。 40. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后在贝卡咖啡摊旁边展开了一个大大的“生日快乐”的横幅。A. expanded扩大；增加；B. displayed展出；展示；C. produced生产；制造；D. stretched伸展；舒展。根据主语“a big Happy Birthday banner”意为“一个（写着）生日祝福的横幅”，应是“stretch”，意为“展开”，符合语境。故选D项。 41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：5月10日是他的生日，她想给他一个惊喜。A. force强迫；迫使；B. define阐明；明确；C. surprise使惊讶；使惊喜；D. teach教授。根据前文中的“May 10 was his birthday(5月10日是他的生日)”及语境可知，Beca想给Jack一个惊喜，让他开心。选项C“surprise”意为“使惊喜”，符合语境。故选C项。 42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以她提议了一个约定：如果他每天出现一个小时，在她的免下车窗口与顾客聊天，她就会给他一杯免费的饮料。A. delayed耽误；耽搁；B. proposed建议；C. cancelled取消；D. exchanged交换。根据后文的宾语为“an arrangement(一项约定)”及下文语境“If he showed up every day for an hour and chatted with the customers at her drive-through window, she’d give him a free drink.(如果Jack每天都去Beca的摊位窗口给顾客聊天一小时，她就免费提供给Jack一杯咖啡。)”可知，这是Beca的一项提议。选项B “propose”意为“建议；提议”，符合语境。故选B项。 46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Beca给他涨了工资。A. break休息；间歇；B. idea主意；想法；C. career事业；D. raise上升；加薪。根据后文Jack的话“I love chatting with people here, and she pays me a lot of money!(我喜欢和这里的人聊天，她还付我很多钱!)”可知，通过与客人聊天的时长增加，Jack被付给了很多钱，由此可推知Beca给他涨了工资。选项D“raise”意为“加薪”，符合语境。故选D项。 47. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这太棒了，”杰克告诉KOMO新闻。A. normal正常的；B. demanding要求高的；C. awesome令人惊叹的；极好的；D. embarrassing令人尴尬的。根据后文Jack的话“I love chatting with people here, and she pays me a lot of money!(我喜欢和这里的人聊天，她还付我很多钱! )”可知，通过与客人聊天的时长增加，Jack被付给了很多钱，这对于Jack来说真是太棒了。选项C “awesome”意为“极好的”，符合语境。故选C项。 48. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，不是每个人都欣赏杰克的热情。A. Consequently结果；B. However然而；C. Instead反而；却；D. Finally最后；最终。根据后文“not everybody appreciated Jack’s enthusiasm(不是每个人都欣赏杰克的热情)”可知，并不是所有的顾客都喜欢他的热情，与前文“I love chatting with people here(我喜欢和这里的人聊天)”构成转折关系。C项“Instead”虽然也有转折的意思，但是它更侧重于“取而代之”的意思，并不符合语境。而B项“However”意思为“然而”，表转折，说明后面讲述的内容与前面的相反，符合语境。故选B项。 49. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“有一个顾客对他极其不尊重，”她说。A. disrespectful无礼的；不尊敬的；B. dishonest不诚实的；C. dishonorable无耻的；D. disabled有残疾的；无能力的。根据前文“not everybody appreciated Jack’s enthusiasm(不是每个人都欣赏杰克的热情)”可知，这里应是举例讲解有一个顾客对Jack的态度不好。A项“disrespectful(无礼的；不尊敬的)”符合语境。故选A项。 50. 考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：她对此感到很沮丧，于是把Jack的故事贴在了一个社区博客上，还提到了他即将到来的生日。A. Upset about对某事沮丧；B. Fond of喜欢；喜爱；C. Related to与……有关；D. Skeptical about对……表示怀疑。结合语境可知，宾语“this”应是指代前文“One customer was extremely___49___(有一个顾客对他极其不尊重)”事件，这是令Beca感到沮丧的事情。故选A项。 51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：邻居们没有任何计划就来庆祝他的生日，他给每个人一个拥抱以示问候。A. citizens公民；市民；B. colleagues同事；C. strangers陌生人；D. neighbours邻居。根据前文“she posted Jack’s story on a community blog and also mentioned his approaching birthday(她把Jack的故事贴在了一个社区博客上，还提到了他即将到来的生日)”可知，Beca在社区微博上发表了Jack的故事，并提及他的生日，由此推知，来为Jack庆祝生日的应是这里的邻居们。故选D项。 52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们没有任何计划就来庆祝他的生日，他给每个人一个拥抱以示问候。A. met遇见；B. driven开车；驱使；C. greeted问候；打招呼；D. addressed演讲；向……说话。根据语境可知，宾语“everyone”应是指出席Jack生日会的人，因此可推知，Jack通过给每个人一个拥抱的方式来问候他们。“greet sb. with a hug”意为“用拥抱问候某人”，符合语境。故选C项。 53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：受到这种自发的善意精神的启发，Beca建议Bothell将每年的5月10日定为“善意杯日”。A. regard把……视为；看待；B. establish建立；C. treat对待；D. use使用。根据后文“every May 10 a cup of Kindness Day(将每年的5月10日作为Cup of Kindness Day)”可知，应是将这个日期设立为某个纪念日或节日，“establish… as”意为“将……确立为……；使成为……”，符合语境。故选B项。 54. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在第一个“善意杯日”，Beca关闭了她的咖啡店，并给警察、消防员、教师和其他“为他人服务”的人送去了饼干。A. recommended推荐；建议；B. donated捐赠；C. shared分担；分享；D. closed关闭。根据后文“delivered cookies to police officers, ___14___, teachers… (给警察、消防员、教师和其他“为他人服务”的人送去了饼干)”可知，在第一个Cup of Kindness Day， Beca应是关闭了门店，自愿给那些为别人服务的人送去曲奇饼干。故选D项。 55. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在第一个“善意杯日”，Beca关闭了她的咖啡店，并给警察、消防员、教师和其他“为他人服务”的人送去了饼干。A. shoppers购物者；顾客；B. drivers司机；C. firefighters消防员；D. walkers步行者；散步者。根据后文“who serve other people(为他人服务的人)”可推知，此处应选择为人服务的人，选项C“firefighters”意为“消防员”，符合语境。故选C项。 56. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你知道你的饮料会带来一些特别的东西：善良。A. respect尊敬；尊重；B. kindness好心；善良；C. love爱；D. calmness冷静；沉着。根据前文“If you want a cup of coffee in Bothell, just head over to Beca’s.(如果你想在Bothell喝杯咖啡，就去Beca的咖啡店吧。)”及语境“Cup of Kindness Day”可推知，呼应“kindness”，应是选项B“kindness”。故选B项。 三、语法填空 （江苏省2026年普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟卷01（春季高考适用）） Bike riding was once the main form of transportation in China in the 1980s and early 1990s. It 57 (make) a major comeback in recent years as a hot trend(趋势) for relaxation among the young people in cities. Nowadays young people have different types of bikes 58 (choose) from and a wide variety of bike accessories(配件) to build their 59 (person) styles. To them, bike riding is no longer a need forced upon them, 60 a quite modern lifestyle that combines fitness, social 61 (communicate) and city tour. The new cycling trend has changed the country’s landscapes. Many of its major roads, 62 (include) Chang’ an Avenue in Beijing and Binjiang Avenue in Shanghai, 63 (crowd) with groups of bikers now. Bicycle circles have been turned into city clubs, 64 cool city bikers gather to buy bicycle accessories, drink coffee and exchange the latest trend in the cycling world. For those young bikers, the sport comes with a speed that is neither too fast 65 too slow. At a medium speed, they can explore their surroundings and enjoy 66 sense of control and freedom. 【答案】 57. has made 58. to choose 59. personal 60. but 61. communication 62. including 63. are crowed 64. where 65. nor 66. a 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了自行车骑行在中国年轻人中复兴的现象。 57. 考查时态。句意：近年来，自行车骑行作为城市年轻人放松的热门趋势，已经强势回归。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语in recent years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语It为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has made。 58. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，年轻人有不同类型的自行车可供选择，还有各种各样的自行车配件来打造他们的个人风格。此处是“have sth. to do”结构，动词不定式作后置定语。故填to choose。 59. 考查形容词。句意：如今，年轻人有不同类型的自行车可供选择，还有各种各样的自行车配件来打造他们的个人风格。此处应用形容词personal作定语，修饰名词styles，表示“个人风格”。故填personal。 60. 考查连词。句意：对他们来说，骑自行车不再是被迫的需求，而是一种结合了健身、社交和城市旅游的现代生活方式。“no longer...but...”是固定搭配，意为 “不再是……而是……”。故填but。 61. 考查名词。句意：对他们来说，骑自行车不再是被迫的需求，而是一种结合了健身、社交和城市旅游的现代生活方式。作动词combines的宾语，应用名词communication“交流”，此处表示抽象意义，不可数。故填communication。 62. 考查介词。句意：它的许多主要道路，包括北京的长安街和上海的滨江大道，现在挤满了骑自行车的人。此处应用介词including，表示“包括”，引出例子。故填including。 63. 考查时态和语态。句意：它的许多主要道路，包括北京的长安街和上海的滨江大道，现在挤满了骑自行车的人。空处为句子的谓语动词。此处描述的是现在的状态，应用一般现在时，主语Many of its major roads与crowd之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are crowded。 64. 考查定语从句。句意：自行车圈已经变成了城市俱乐部，酷酷的城市自行车手们聚集在这里购买自行车配件、喝咖啡，并交流自行车界的最新趋势。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词city clubs，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 65. 考查连词。句意：对于那些年轻的自行车手来说，这项运动的速度既不太快也不太慢。此处表示“既不……也不……”，应用连词nor，与neither构成固定搭配neither...nor...。故填nor。 66. 考查冠词。句意：以中等速度，他们可以探索周围环境，享受控制和自由的感觉。a sense of“……的感觉”。故填a。 四、应用文写作 （江苏省2026年普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟卷02（春季高考适用））假定你是李华，上周你班举办了英文歌曲演唱大赛。请你为校英语报写一篇报道，内容包括： 1. 时间、地点； 2. 比赛情况； 3. 活动反响。 注意:1.词数80左右； 2.请在答题卡的相应位置做答。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: An English Song Singing Competition To arouse our interest in English, an English song singing competition was organized in our classroom last week. The competition started at 7 p.m. and lasted two hours. Students who had a good command of singing took turns to sing the song they had chosen carefully. Their performances in which they wore beautiful costumes were so wonderful that all of us were thrilled. After the heated competition, the student who gave superb performance was presented an award by our head teacher. It was evident that the activity was well organized and the competition went on smoothly and successfully. The activity was highly spoken of because not only did it enrich our school life but also developed our feeling of love for English language. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为校英语报写一篇报道，介绍班内举办英文歌曲演唱大赛的比赛情况和活动反响。 【详解】 1.词汇积累 比赛：competition → contest 精通：have a good command of → have a good knowledge of 兴奋的：thrilled → excited 明显的：evident → obvious 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The competition started at 7 p.m. and lasted two hours. 拓展句：The competition which started at 7 p.m. lasted two hours. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】After the heated competition, the student who gave superb performance was presented an award by our head teacher.(运用了who引导定语从句) 【高分句型2】The activity was highly spoken of because not only did it enrich our school life but also developed our feeling of love for English language.(运用了because引导原因状语从句，not only置于句首的部分倒装) / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $