第19讲 冠词&数词-核心语法 重难点专项突破 任务单 2026届高考英语一轮复习

高考核心语法·精练 第19讲 冠词&数词2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、不定冠词 a/an 用法及固定短语表 此表格梳理不定冠词 a/an 的核心区别、基础用法及高频固定短语，明确 “不看字母看发音” 的选择原则，适配语法填空 “冠词填写” 及短语辨析类题型，帮助准确判断 a/an 的适用场景。 类别 具体规则 / 短语 示例 a/an 区别 1. a：接辅音音素开头的单词（判断依据为发音，非字母） 2. an：接元音音素开头的单词（判断依据为发音，非字母） 1. a university（/juː/ 开头，辅音音素）、a useful book（/juː/ 开头）、a European country（/jʊ/ 开头） 2. an hour（/aʊ/ 开头，h 不发音）、an honest man（/ɒ/ 开头，h 不发音）、an MP3（/e/ 开头）、an 11-year-old girl（/ɪ/ 开头） 基础用法 1. 首次提及某一不确定的人或事物 2. 用于时间、速度、价格等名词前，表 “每一” 3. 用于抽象名词前，表具体的人或事物（抽象名词具体化） 4. 用于专有名词前，表 “一位叫…… 的人” 5. 用于序数词前，表 “又一、再一” 6. 用于职业、身份名词前，表 “一个……（身份的人）” 1. There’s a bird in the tree. It’s singing. 2. The train runs at 180 kilometers an hour. 3. Winning the prize was a great success for her. 4. A Mr. Brown called you this morning. 5. I’ve read the book twice, and I want to read a third time. 6. She dreams of becoming an engineer. 含 a 的介词短语 at a loss（不知所措）、at a time（一次；每次）、in a hurry（匆忙）、in a word（总而言之）、as a rule（通常）、all of a sudden（突然）、on a large scale（大规模地） 1. He was at a loss how to answer the question. 2. You can take only one candy at a time. 3. She left in a hurry without saying goodbye. 含 a/an 的动词短语 take a break（休息一下）、make a decision（做决定）、catch a cold（感冒）、have a word with sb.（与某人交谈）、do a favor for sb.（帮某人忙）、make a living（谋生）、keep an eye on（留意；照看） 1. Let’s take a break after finishing this task. 2. They need to make a decision by Friday. 3. She caught a cold because of the cold weather. 注意事项： 1. 发音优先原则：不可仅凭单词首字母判断用 a 还是 an，需结合音标（如 “one-eyed man” 中 one 发音 /wʌn /，首音素为 /w/，用 a；“unusual student” 中 unusual 发音 /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/，首音素为 /ʌ/，用 an）； 2. 抽象名词具体化的限制：仅当抽象名词能明确指向 “某一个具体的人或事件” 时才用 a/an，表泛指概念时不可用（错误：We need a courage.；正确：We need courage.）； 3. 固定短语的固定性：短语中的 a/an 不可省略或替换（错误：take break、make living；正确：take a break、make a living），需强化记忆。 【对点练习】选词填空 1. My brother is studying in ________ (a/an) university in Beijing, which is famous for its science programs. 2. She has ________ (a/an) hour to finish the English test, so she needs to hurry up. 3. Winning the national competition was ________ (a/an) great success for the young athlete. 4. Could you do me ________ (a/an) favor and pass the salt to me during the meal? 5. He called ________ (a/an) Mr. Wang this morning, but I don’t know who he is. 二、定冠词 the 用法及固定短语表 此表格聚焦定冠词 the 的核心适用场景及高频固定短语，明确 “特指、独一无二事物、特殊名词” 等加 the 的规则，解决 “何时需加 the” 的判断问题，适配语法填空及单项选择对 the 的考查。 类别 具体规则 / 短语 示例 基础用法 1. 用于特指某一确定的人或事物（可通过上下文、定语明确指向） 2. 用于世界上独一无二的事物（日月星辰、地球、海洋等） 3. 用于序数词、形容词 / 副词最高级前 4. 用于西洋乐器名词前 5. 用于姓氏复数形式前，表 “全家人” 或 “夫妇俩” 6. 用于江、河、湖、海、山脉、运河、岛屿等地理名词前 7. 用于 “the + 形容词” 结构，表一类人或事物 8. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前（如机构、建筑、报刊等） 1. The girl wearing a blue dress is my cousin.（定语明确指向） 2. The moon goes around the earth. 3. This is the first time I’ve visited Beijing./He is the tallest in his class. 4. She practices playing the violin every day. 5. The Whites are moving to a new house next month. 6. The Nile is the longest river in the world. 7. The poor need more help from society. 8. The New York Times is a famous newspaper. 含 the 的介词短语 at the moment（此刻；目前）、by the way（顺便提一下）、in the future（将来）、on the whole（总的来说）、on the contrary（相反）、at the end of（在…… 末端）、by the hour（按小时）、to the point（切题） 1. I’m busy with work at the moment. 2. By the way, have you returned the book to the library? 3. We plan to travel around the world in the future. 含 the 的动词短语 make the most of（充分利用）、take the place of（代替）、tell the truth（说真话）、meet the deadline（赶上截止日期）、burn the midnight oil（开夜车；熬夜）、hit sb. in the face（击中某人的脸） 1. We should make the most of every chance to learn. 2. Electric cars are taking the place of traditional cars gradually. 3. You must tell the truth to the teacher. 注意事项： 1. 特指与泛指的区分：the 仅用于 “有明确指向” 的名词前，泛指一类事物时不可用（错误：The dogs are loyal.；正确：Dogs are loyal. 此处泛指狗这一类动物）； 2. 乐器与运动的差异：西洋乐器前加 the（如 play the piano），球类、棋类运动前不加 the（如 play basketball、play chess），不可混淆； 3. 地理名词的特殊性：单个岛屿、湖泊（如 Lake Baikal）前不加 the，群岛、海洋（如 the Pacific Ocean、the British Isles）前加 the，需特殊记忆。 【对点练习】选词填空 1. ________ (The/A) sun rises in the east and sets in the west, which is a common natural phenomenon. 2. She has been playing ________ (the/a) piano since she was five years old. 3. ________ (The/A) Smiths are going to hold a family party to celebrate their parents’ 50th wedding anniversary. 4. By ________ (the/a) way, have you prepared the gifts for your best friend’s birthday? 5. This is ________ (the/a) most interesting book I have ever read in my middle school life. 三、零冠词用法及易混短语表 此表格梳理零冠词的适用场景及 “有无冠词意义不同” 的易混短语，明确 “无需加冠词” 的核心规则，规避 “多余加冠词” 或 “漏加冠词” 的错误，适配语法填空 “零冠词判断” 及短语辨析题型。 类别 具体规则 / 短语 示例 零冠词用法 1. 用于专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前（表泛指概念） 2. 用于有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰的名词前 3. 用于学科、语言、球类、棋类名词前 4. 用于一日三餐、星期、月份、季节、节日前（表泛指） 5. 用于复数名词前，表类属（泛指一类事物） 6. 用于职务、头衔名词前（作宾语补足语、同位语时） 7. 用于 “by + 交通工具” 结构中 1. China is a great country./Water is important for life./Happiness is hard to define. 2. My pen is on the desk./This book is interesting./His brother is a doctor. 3. She studies physics./He speaks Japanese./We play football after school. 4. Breakfast is the most important meal./We have class on Monday./It rains a lot in summer. 5. Teachers help students learn knowledge. 6. They elected him president of the company. 7. We go to work by bus./She travels by plane. 不含冠词的固定短语 at ease（无拘无束；自在）、by chance（偶然；意外地）、in danger（处于危险中）、on foot（步行）、in person（亲自）、on purpose（故意地）、in vain（徒劳地）、at first（最初；起初） 1. She felt at ease when talking to her friends. 2. I met an old classmate by chance on the street. 3. The patient is still in danger. 有无冠词意义不同的短语 1. in office（执政；在职）vs in the office（在办公室里） 2. in charge of（负责……）vs in the charge of（由…… 负责） 3. out of question（不成问题；可行）vs out of the question（不可能；行不通） 4. go to school（去上学）vs go to the school（去学校） 5. at table（吃饭；用餐）vs at the table（在桌子旁） 1. He has been in office for five years.（执政）/She is working in the office.（在办公室） 2. She is in charge of the marketing department.（负责部门）/The department is in the charge of her.（由她负责） 3. Finishing the work on time is out of question.（可行）/Asking him to apologize is out of the question.（不可能） 注意事项： 1. 节日的特殊规则：中国传统节日（如 the Spring Festival、the Mid-Autumn Festival）前加 the，西方节日（如 Christmas、New Year’s Day）前不加 the，需单独记忆； 2. 职务头衔的位置差异：职务头衔作主语时需加 the（错误：President will attend the meeting.；正确：The president will attend the meeting.），作补语或同位语时不加 the； 3. 易混短语的语境判断：需结合语义区分（如 “go to school” 强调 “上学” 的动作，“go to the school” 仅强调 “去学校” 的地点，不涉及学习动作）。 【对点练习】选词填空 1. ________ (不填 / The) English is widely used as an international language in the world. 2. My father goes to work by ________ (不填 /the) bus every morning to avoid traffic jams. 3. She was appointed ________ (不填 /the) manager of the company because of her excellent performance. 4. He is ________ (不填 /the) charge of the project, so you can ask him for details. 5. We usually have ________ (不填 /the) breakfast at 7 o’clock in the morning before going to school. 四、数词（基数词、序数词）用法表 此表格梳理基数词、序数词的构成规则及核心用法，覆盖 “数量、时刻、分数、倍数” 等高频场景，解决 “数词形式转换” 及 “特殊表达” 的问题，适配语法填空 “数词形式填写” 题型。 类别 具体规则 示例 基数词构成 1. 1-12：独立成词（one, two, three...twelve） 2. 13-19：词尾加 - teen（thirteen, fifteen, eighteen 需特殊记忆） 3. 20-90：词尾加 - ty（twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, ninety 需特殊记忆） 4. 21-99：“十位数字 + 连字符 + 个位数字”（twenty-six, seventy-eight） 5. 101-999：“百位数字 + and + 十位 / 个位数字”（one hundred and thirty-five） 6. 概数表达：hundred/thousand/million 表具体数目时不加 s，表不确定数目时加 s+of（three hundred/thousands of） 1. seven days, twelve months 2. thirteen apples, nineteen students 3. fifty years, eighty dollars 4. forty-two people, ninety-nine pages 5. two hundred and forty books 6. six thousand trees, millions of stars 基数词用法 1. 表数量（后接可数名词复数或不可数名词） 2. 表年份（1995=nineteen ninety-five；2024=twenty twenty-four） 3. 表时刻（7:00=seven o’clock；9:15=a quarter past nine/nine fifteen） 4. 表顺序（“单数名词 + 基数词”，如 Class One, Room 201） 5. 构成合成形容词（“基数词 + 单数名词”，作定语，如 a five-year-old boy） 6. 表 “又一、再一”（another + 基数词 + 名词复数 = 基数词 + more + 名词复数） 1. three pens, two bottles of milk 2. He was born in 1980.（nineteen eighty） 3. The meeting starts at 3:30.（half past three） 4. We are in Grade Seven.（Seven 不可大写：Grade seven） 5. She bought a three-meter-long rope. 6. I need another two days=I need two more days. 序数词构成 1. 1-3：特殊形式（first, second, third） 2. 4-19：“基数词 + th”（fourth, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 需特殊记忆） 3. 20-90：“整十基数词去 y 变 i+eth”（twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth） 4. 21-99：“十位基数词 + 个位序数词”（twenty-first, thirty-fifth） 1. the first day, the second month 2. the fourth week, the ninth floor 3. the fiftieth anniversary, the eightieth birthday 4. the twenty-third lesson, the forty-second page 序数词用法 1. 表顺序，前常加 the（后接单数名词） 2. 表分数（分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于 1 时，分母加 s） 3. 表 “又一、再一”，前加 a（不表顺序，表数量增加） 4. 用于 “the + 序数词 + 最高级” 结构，表 “第几最……” 1. This is the third time I’ve been here. 2. One fifth of the students are absent./Three fourths of the water is polluted.（1/4=a quarter，3/4=three quarters） 3. He failed twice, but he wanted to try a third time. 4. This is the second largest city in the country. 注意事项： 1. 基数词表时刻的两种表达：“顺读法”（小时 + 分钟，如 9:20=nine twenty）和 “逆读法”（分钟 + past/to + 小时，如 9:20=twenty past nine，9:40=twenty to ten），需灵活运用； 2. 分数作主语的主谓一致：分数后接可数名词复数时，谓语用复数；接不可数名词时，谓语用单数（如 Two thirds of the apples are red. / Two thirds of the milk is fresh.）； 3. 序数词的拼写：需重点记忆特殊形式（如 fifth 不写作 fiveth，ninth 不写作 nineth，twelfth 不写作 twelveth），避免拼写错误。 【对点练习】选词填空 1. There are ________ (thirty-two/thirty-two) students in our class, including 18 boys and 14 girls. 2. My grandparents have been married for ________ (fifty/fiftieth) years, and they still love each other deeply. 3. This is the ________ (third/three) time I have visited the Great Wall since I came to Beijing. 4. Two ________ (fifth/fifths) of the land in this area is covered with green plants and forests. 5. We need another ________ (two/two) days to finish the difficult task assigned by the teacher. 五、数词命题热点表 此表格梳理数词模块的高频考点，聚焦 “倍数表达、特殊数量、主谓一致” 等难点，适配语法填空、单项选择中的数词综合考查题型，帮助掌握核心命题方向。 热点 具体规则 示例 倍数表达 1. 倍数 + as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as（A 是 B 的…… 倍） 2. 倍数 + 形容词 / 副词比较级 + than（A 比 B…… 倍） 3. 倍数 + the + 名词（size/length/weight 等）+of（A 的…… 是 B 的…… 倍） 1. Asia is four times as large as Europe.（亚洲是欧洲的 4 倍大） 2. This room is twice bigger than that one.（这个房间比那个大 2 倍） 3. The building is three times the height of the old one.（这座楼是旧楼的 3 倍高） 特殊数量表达 1. 半小时：half an hour 2. 一个半小时：one and a half hours=one hour and a half 3. 步行 10 分钟路程：a ten-minute walk=ten minutes’ walk 4. 几百 / 几千 / 几百万：hundreds of/thousands of/millions of（表概数） 1. It takes half an hour to get there. 2. He has been waiting for one and a half hours. 3. The park is a ten-minute walk from here. 4. Thousands of people took part in the activity. 数词主谓一致 1. “分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词” 作主语：谓语单复数与 of 后的名词一致 2. “the number of + 名词复数” 作主语：谓语用单数（表 “…… 的数量”） 3. “a number of + 名词复数” 作主语：谓语用复数（表 “许多”） 1. One third of the students are boys.（students 复数→谓语复数）/ One third of the water is clean.（water 不可数→谓语单数） 2. The number of students in our class is 50.（表数量→谓语单数） 3. A number of students like playing basketball.（表许多→谓语复数） 注意事项： 1. 倍数表达的逻辑：“A is three times bigger than B” 表示 “A 是 B 的 3 倍大”，而非 “A 比 B 大 3 倍”，避免语义误解； 2. 特殊数量的名词单复数：“one and a half hours” 中 hour 用复数，因 “one and a half” 表 “超过 1”，不可写作 one and a half hour； 3. the number of 与 a number of 的区分：二者仅差一个冠词，含义和主谓一致规则完全不同，需通过语境明确语义（表 “数量” 用 the number of，表 “许多” 用 a number of）。 【对点练习】选词填空 1. The new library is three times ________ (as big/big) as the old one in our school. 2. It takes me one and a half ________ (hour/hours) to commute from my home to the company every day. 3. Three fourths of the students in our class ________ (like/likes) playing basketball in their spare time. 4. This river is twice ________ (longer/long) than the one in our hometown. 5. ________ (Thousands/Thousand) of people gathered in the square to watch the wonderful performance. 一、语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I found a big change there. 2．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）Each of my cafes will have a different theme and unique style. 3．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）They live far from the school, and it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day. 4．（2021·广东江门·一模） Browns are waiting for you outside. 5．（2021·广东江门·一模）She didn’t like the colors of the two bags and asked for third one. 6．（2021·广东江门·一模）When I worked in the hotel, I was paid by month. 7．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）In the summer holiday following my (eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons. 8．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Infinium Robotics is working on a model that will carry twice as (much) food. 9．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Susan gave up her job as an accountant in her (forty). 10．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）The speed of this car is three times (fast) as that of the bike. 11．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）The population of this city is five times (large) than that of the nearby town. 12．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was shy , nervous perfectionist. 13．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The company plans to double the current number of domestic stores to nearly 12,000. To meet target, Sawbucks will start more stores at airports and supermarkets. 14．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）When performing challenging mental task, do it in silence, Perham recommended. 15．（2022高三上·全国·专题练习）There once were a goat and a donkey…. So the farmer killed goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. Passage 1 （2025·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of 1 new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 2 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. “I think it’s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead 3 the fact that they have something unique to wear 4 are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.” Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 5 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 6 (solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept 7 (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies. Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, 8 she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for 9 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean 10 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. Passage 2 （2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I've always loved the ocean. In the 1 (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 2 (think)it is food. I decided to do something 3 (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 4 used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）.  I found the contact information of the company 5 emailed its president. I told him how 6 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so 7 (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half. I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 8 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company 9 (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 10 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. Passage 3 （2023·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 1 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 2 (six) century, B．C． Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 4 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 5 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6 (intend) for everyone. 7 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8 saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. Passage 4 （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals? Since June 2017, right before the 1 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3 ? Not the pandas, even though 4 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7 they need an English trainer. So, what are they learning? 8 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. Passage 5 （2025·吉林长春·二模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式。 The Forbidden City, 1 masterpiece of ancient Chinese architecture and culture, houses amazing Chinese cultural and historical relics. 2 , over time, these relics have suffered from wear and tear. 3 (address) this issue, the restoration of these precious relics has become a crucial task. The restoration process comes alive in the documentary Masters in the Forbidden City, which has remained an online hit 4 its release in 2016. Focusing on 5 the restorers do during the restoration process, the documentary has received general 6 (recognize) as it gives viewers a rare opportunity to gain insights into the craftsmanship. The restorers 7 (commit) to preserving the original essence of the relics while 8 (fix) any damage they may have suffered. The restoration of cultural relics is an ongoing and never-ending task. Many young people look up to the very skills 9 are shown in Masters in the Forbidden City, but few would ever think of trying the job for themselves. Tian Chenxin, a 16-year-old student from Changchun, is one of the few. As a volunteer at the Changchun Museum, she spent hours learning from the experts. She dreams of one day 10 (huge) contributing to the preservation of China’s cultural heritage. Passage 6 （2025·浙江绍兴·一模）Dongjiao Minxiang is a historically significant hutong located in Beijing, China. 1 (Stretch) about 1,500 meters, it lies to the east of Tian’ ammen Square and has developed into a blend of cultural heritage and modern commerce. Originaling in the Yuan Dynasty, it served initially 2 a strategic trade and supply center, later becoming a diplomatic (外交的) hub during the Second Opium War, 3 the hutong opened its doors to diplomats from different countries. This period 4 (witness) the construction of numerous Western-style buildings. 5 in the mid-20th century, diplomats were relocated to the Sanlitum area. Despite these changes, Dongjiao Minxiang keeps its architectural and historical legacy through its 6 (preserve) buildings and cultural landmarks. Over the years, Dongjiao Minxiang 7 (transform) into a dynamic area, home to both high-end restaurants and common shops, offering a wide array of food and shopping experiences. The hutong’s history is closely associated with significant events and transitions in Beijing, making it 8 fascinating subject for historians and visitors interested in the architectural and cultural evolution of the capital. Its significance lies in its 9 (continue) adaptation, which makes it not just a historical site, but one of the active 10 (participate) in Beijing’s ongoing urban narrative, offering insights into China’s engagement with global influences across centuries. Passage 7 （2024·江苏南通·一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 A unique food trend has recently gained 1 (popular) among young people in China. Known as “leftover food blind boxes”, these innovative meal options provide a convenient and affordable way 2 (enjoy) delicious food while also reducing food waste. So far this concept 3 (attract) the attention of many curious young individuals. The concept of “leftover food blind boxes” 4 (originate) abroad, specifically from an app called Too Good To Go that started in Denmark in 2015. Its goal is to fight against food waste by offering surplus (剩余的) unsold food from nearby stores and restaurants 5 a reduced price. Inspired by videos posted by Chinese creators living abroad 6 shared their experiences, Chinese consumers and businesses have quickly accepted the idea, 7 (lead) to similar operations in major Chinese cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu. The operational methods of the “leftover food blind box” model can vary between stores. Some boxes contain pre-packed meals 8 (base) on a store’s sales before the evening, while others allow 9 (customer) to choose from what still remains in the store around closing time. However, the latter option is less common. The contents of the blind boxes are often only revealed upon opening, adding 10 element of surprise to the dining experience. 13 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考核心语法·精练 第19讲 冠词&数词2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、不定冠词 a/an 用法及固定短语表 此表格梳理不定冠词 a/an 的核心区别、基础用法及高频固定短语，明确 “不看字母看发音” 的选择原则，适配语法填空 “冠词填写” 及短语辨析类题型，帮助准确判断 a/an 的适用场景。 类别 具体规则 / 短语 示例 a/an 区别 1. a：接辅音音素开头的单词（判断依据为发音，非字母） 2. an：接元音音素开头的单词（判断依据为发音，非字母） 1. a university（/juː/ 开头，辅音音素）、a useful book（/juː/ 开头）、a European country（/jʊ/ 开头） 2. an hour（/aʊ/ 开头，h 不发音）、an honest man（/ɒ/ 开头，h 不发音）、an MP3（/e/ 开头）、an 11-year-old girl（/ɪ/ 开头） 基础用法 1. 首次提及某一不确定的人或事物 2. 用于时间、速度、价格等名词前，表 “每一” 3. 用于抽象名词前，表具体的人或事物（抽象名词具体化） 4. 用于专有名词前，表 “一位叫…… 的人” 5. 用于序数词前，表 “又一、再一” 6. 用于职业、身份名词前，表 “一个……（身份的人）” 1. There’s a bird in the tree. It’s singing. 2. The train runs at 180 kilometers an hour. 3. Winning the prize was a great success for her. 4. A Mr. Brown called you this morning. 5. I’ve read the book twice, and I want to read a third time. 6. She dreams of becoming an engineer. 含 a 的介词短语 at a loss（不知所措）、at a time（一次；每次）、in a hurry（匆忙）、in a word（总而言之）、as a rule（通常）、all of a sudden（突然）、on a large scale（大规模地） 1. He was at a loss how to answer the question. 2. You can take only one candy at a time. 3. She left in a hurry without saying goodbye. 含 a/an 的动词短语 take a break（休息一下）、make a decision（做决定）、catch a cold（感冒）、have a word with sb.（与某人交谈）、do a favor for sb.（帮某人忙）、make a living（谋生）、keep an eye on（留意；照看） 1. Let’s take a break after finishing this task. 2. They need to make a decision by Friday. 3. She caught a cold because of the cold weather. 注意事项： 1. 发音优先原则：不可仅凭单词首字母判断用 a 还是 an，需结合音标（如 “one-eyed man” 中 one 发音 /wʌn /，首音素为 /w/，用 a；“unusual student” 中 unusual 发音 /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/，首音素为 /ʌ/，用 an）； 2. 抽象名词具体化的限制：仅当抽象名词能明确指向 “某一个具体的人或事件” 时才用 a/an，表泛指概念时不可用（错误：We need a courage.；正确：We need courage.）； 3. 固定短语的固定性：短语中的 a/an 不可省略或替换（错误：take break、make living；正确：take a break、make a living），需强化记忆。 【对点练习】选词填空 1. My brother is studying in ________ (a/an) university in Beijing, which is famous for its science programs. 【答案】a 【解析】考查不定冠词 a/an 的区别。句意：我哥哥在北京一所大学学习，这所大学以其科学类专业闻名。“university” 发音以辅音音素 /juː/ 开头，需用 “a”，故填 a。 2. She has ________ (a/an) hour to finish the English test, so she needs to hurry up. 【答案】an 【解析】考查不定冠词 a/an 的区别。句意：她有一个小时的时间完成英语考试，所以需要快点。“hour” 中 “h” 不发音，发音以元音音素 /aʊ/ 开头，需用 “an”，故填 an。 3. Winning the national competition was ________ (a/an) great success for the young athlete. 【答案】a 【解析】考查不定冠词表抽象名词具体化。句意：赢得全国比赛对这位年轻运动员来说是一次巨大的成功。“success” 为抽象名词，此处表 “一次成功的事”，具体化后用 “a” 修饰，故填 a。 4. Could you do me ________ (a/an) favor and pass the salt to me during the meal? 【答案】a 【解析】考查含不定冠词的固定短语。句意：吃饭时你能帮我个忙，把盐递给我吗？“do sb. a favor” 为固定短语，表 “帮某人忙”，故填 a。 5. He called ________ (a/an) Mr. Wang this morning, but I don’t know who he is. 【答案】a 【解析】考查不定冠词用于专有名词前。句意：他今天早上给一位王先生打电话，但我不知道他是谁。“a + 姓氏” 表 “一位叫…… 的人”，故填 a。 二、定冠词 the 用法及固定短语表 此表格聚焦定冠词 the 的核心适用场景及高频固定短语，明确 “特指、独一无二事物、特殊名词” 等加 the 的规则，解决 “何时需加 the” 的判断问题，适配语法填空及单项选择对 the 的考查。 类别 具体规则 / 短语 示例 基础用法 1. 用于特指某一确定的人或事物（可通过上下文、定语明确指向） 2. 用于世界上独一无二的事物（日月星辰、地球、海洋等） 3. 用于序数词、形容词 / 副词最高级前 4. 用于西洋乐器名词前 5. 用于姓氏复数形式前，表 “全家人” 或 “夫妇俩” 6. 用于江、河、湖、海、山脉、运河、岛屿等地理名词前 7. 用于 “the + 形容词” 结构，表一类人或事物 8. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前（如机构、建筑、报刊等） 1. The girl wearing a blue dress is my cousin.（定语明确指向） 2. The moon goes around the earth. 3. This is the first time I’ve visited Beijing./He is the tallest in his class. 4. She practices playing the violin every day. 5. The Whites are moving to a new house next month. 6. The Nile is the longest river in the world. 7. The poor need more help from society. 8. The New York Times is a famous newspaper. 含 the 的介词短语 at the moment（此刻；目前）、by the way（顺便提一下）、in the future（将来）、on the whole（总的来说）、on the contrary（相反）、at the end of（在…… 末端）、by the hour（按小时）、to the point（切题） 1. I’m busy with work at the moment. 2. By the way, have you returned the book to the library? 3. We plan to travel around the world in the future. 含 the 的动词短语 make the most of（充分利用）、take the place of（代替）、tell the truth（说真话）、meet the deadline（赶上截止日期）、burn the midnight oil（开夜车；熬夜）、hit sb. in the face（击中某人的脸） 1. We should make the most of every chance to learn. 2. Electric cars are taking the place of traditional cars gradually. 3. You must tell the truth to the teacher. 注意事项： 1. 特指与泛指的区分：the 仅用于 “有明确指向” 的名词前，泛指一类事物时不可用（错误：The dogs are loyal.；正确：Dogs are loyal. 此处泛指狗这一类动物）； 2. 乐器与运动的差异：西洋乐器前加 the（如 play the piano），球类、棋类运动前不加 the（如 play basketball、play chess），不可混淆； 3. 地理名词的特殊性：单个岛屿、湖泊（如 Lake Baikal）前不加 the，群岛、海洋（如 the Pacific Ocean、the British Isles）前加 the，需特殊记忆。 【对点练习】选词填空 1. ________ (The/A) sun rises in the east and sets in the west, which is a common natural phenomenon. 【答案】The 【解析】考查定冠词用于独一无二的事物。句意：太阳从东方升起，西方落下，这是常见的自然现象。“sun” 为世界独一无二的事物，前需加 “The”，句首首字母大写，故填 The。 2. She has been playing ________ (the/a) piano since she was five years old. 【答案】the 【解析】考查定冠词用于西洋乐器前。句意：她从五岁起就一直在弹钢琴。西洋乐器前需加 “the”，故填 the。 3. ________ (The/A) Smiths are going to hold a family party to celebrate their parents’ 50th wedding anniversary. 【答案】The 【解析】考查定冠词用于姓氏复数前。句意：史密斯一家打算举办家庭派对，庆祝他们父母的金婚纪念日。“the + 姓氏复数” 表 “全家人”，故填 The。 4. By ________ (the/a) way, have you prepared the gifts for your best friend’s birthday? 【答案】the 【解析】考查含定冠词的固定短语。句意：顺便问一下，你准备好给好朋友的生日礼物了吗？“by the way” 为固定短语，表 “顺便提一下”，故填 the。 5. This is ________ (the/a) most interesting book I have ever read in my middle school life. 【答案】the 【解析】考查定冠词用于最高级前。句意：这是我中学生活中读过的最有趣的一本书。形容词最高级 “most interesting” 前需加 “the”，故填 the。 三、零冠词用法及易混短语表 此表格梳理零冠词的适用场景及 “有无冠词意义不同” 的易混短语，明确 “无需加冠词” 的核心规则，规避 “多余加冠词” 或 “漏加冠词” 的错误，适配语法填空 “零冠词判断” 及短语辨析题型。 类别 具体规则 / 短语 示例 零冠词用法 1. 用于专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前（表泛指概念） 2. 用于有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰的名词前 3. 用于学科、语言、球类、棋类名词前 4. 用于一日三餐、星期、月份、季节、节日前（表泛指） 5. 用于复数名词前，表类属（泛指一类事物） 6. 用于职务、头衔名词前（作宾语补足语、同位语时） 7. 用于 “by + 交通工具” 结构中 1. China is a great country./Water is important for life./Happiness is hard to define. 2. My pen is on the desk./This book is interesting./His brother is a doctor. 3. She studies physics./He speaks Japanese./We play football after school. 4. Breakfast is the most important meal./We have class on Monday./It rains a lot in summer. 5. Teachers help students learn knowledge. 6. They elected him president of the company. 7. We go to work by bus./She travels by plane. 不含冠词的固定短语 at ease（无拘无束；自在）、by chance（偶然；意外地）、in danger（处于危险中）、on foot（步行）、in person（亲自）、on purpose（故意地）、in vain（徒劳地）、at first（最初；起初） 1. She felt at ease when talking to her friends. 2. I met an old classmate by chance on the street. 3. The patient is still in danger. 有无冠词意义不同的短语 1. in office（执政；在职）vs in the office（在办公室里） 2. in charge of（负责……）vs in the charge of（由…… 负责） 3. out of question（不成问题；可行）vs out of the question（不可能；行不通） 4. go to school（去上学）vs go to the school（去学校） 5. at table（吃饭；用餐）vs at the table（在桌子旁） 1. He has been in office for five years.（执政）/She is working in the office.（在办公室） 2. She is in charge of the marketing department.（负责部门）/The department is in the charge of her.（由她负责） 3. Finishing the work on time is out of question.（可行）/Asking him to apologize is out of the question.（不可能） 注意事项： 1. 节日的特殊规则：中国传统节日（如 the Spring Festival、the Mid-Autumn Festival）前加 the，西方节日（如 Christmas、New Year’s Day）前不加 the，需单独记忆； 2. 职务头衔的位置差异：职务头衔作主语时需加 the（错误：President will attend the meeting.；正确：The president will attend the meeting.），作补语或同位语时不加 the； 3. 易混短语的语境判断：需结合语义区分（如 “go to school” 强调 “上学” 的动作，“go to the school” 仅强调 “去学校” 的地点，不涉及学习动作）。 【对点练习】选词填空 1. ________ (不填 / The) English is widely used as an international language in the world. 【答案】不填 【解析】考查零冠词用于语言前。句意：英语在世界上被广泛用作国际语言。语言前不加冠词，故填不填。 2. My father goes to work by ________ (不填 /the) bus every morning to avoid traffic jams. 【答案】不填 【解析】考查零冠词用于 “by + 交通工具” 结构。句意：我爸爸每天早上乘公交车上班，以避开交通堵塞。“by + 交通工具” 结构中不加冠词，故填不填。 3. She was appointed ________ (不填 /the) manager of the company because of her excellent performance. 【答案】不填 【解析】考查零冠词用于职务头衔前。句意：由于表现出色，她被任命为公司经理。职务头衔作宾语补足语时不加冠词，故填不填。 4. He is ________ (不填 /the) charge of the project, so you can ask him for details. 【答案】不填 【解析】考查有无冠词意义不同的短语。句意：他负责这个项目，所以你可以向他咨询细节。“in charge of” 为固定短语，表 “负责……”，故填不填。 5. We usually have ________ (不填 /the) breakfast at 7 o’clock in the morning before going to school. 【答案】不填 【解析】考查零冠词用于三餐前。句意：我们通常早上七点吃早餐，然后去上学。三餐前不加冠词，故填不填。 四、数词（基数词、序数词）用法表 此表格梳理基数词、序数词的构成规则及核心用法，覆盖 “数量、时刻、分数、倍数” 等高频场景，解决 “数词形式转换” 及 “特殊表达” 的问题，适配语法填空 “数词形式填写” 题型。 类别 具体规则 示例 基数词构成 1. 1-12：独立成词（one, two, three...twelve） 2. 13-19：词尾加 - teen（thirteen, fifteen, eighteen 需特殊记忆） 3. 20-90：词尾加 - ty（twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, ninety 需特殊记忆） 4. 21-99：“十位数字 + 连字符 + 个位数字”（twenty-six, seventy-eight） 5. 101-999：“百位数字 + and + 十位 / 个位数字”（one hundred and thirty-five） 6. 概数表达：hundred/thousand/million 表具体数目时不加 s，表不确定数目时加 s+of（three hundred/thousands of） 1. seven days, twelve months 2. thirteen apples, nineteen students 3. fifty years, eighty dollars 4. forty-two people, ninety-nine pages 5. two hundred and forty books 6. six thousand trees, millions of stars 基数词用法 1. 表数量（后接可数名词复数或不可数名词） 2. 表年份（1995=nineteen ninety-five；2024=twenty twenty-four） 3. 表时刻（7:00=seven o’clock；9:15=a quarter past nine/nine fifteen） 4. 表顺序（“单数名词 + 基数词”，如 Class One, Room 201） 5. 构成合成形容词（“基数词 + 单数名词”，作定语，如 a five-year-old boy） 6. 表 “又一、再一”（another + 基数词 + 名词复数 = 基数词 + more + 名词复数） 1. three pens, two bottles of milk 2. He was born in 1980.（nineteen eighty） 3. The meeting starts at 3:30.（half past three） 4. We are in Grade Seven.（Seven 不可大写：Grade seven） 5. She bought a three-meter-long rope. 6. I need another two days=I need two more days. 序数词构成 1. 1-3：特殊形式（first, second, third） 2. 4-19：“基数词 + th”（fourth, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 需特殊记忆） 3. 20-90：“整十基数词去 y 变 i+eth”（twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth） 4. 21-99：“十位基数词 + 个位序数词”（twenty-first, thirty-fifth） 1. the first day, the second month 2. the fourth week, the ninth floor 3. the fiftieth anniversary, the eightieth birthday 4. the twenty-third lesson, the forty-second page 序数词用法 1. 表顺序，前常加 the（后接单数名词） 2. 表分数（分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于 1 时，分母加 s） 3. 表 “又一、再一”，前加 a（不表顺序，表数量增加） 4. 用于 “the + 序数词 + 最高级” 结构，表 “第几最……” 1. This is the third time I’ve been here. 2. One fifth of the students are absent./Three fourths of the water is polluted.（1/4=a quarter，3/4=three quarters） 3. He failed twice, but he wanted to try a third time. 4. This is the second largest city in the country. 注意事项： 1. 基数词表时刻的两种表达：“顺读法”（小时 + 分钟，如 9:20=nine twenty）和 “逆读法”（分钟 + past/to + 小时，如 9:20=twenty past nine，9:40=twenty to ten），需灵活运用； 2. 分数作主语的主谓一致：分数后接可数名词复数时，谓语用复数；接不可数名词时，谓语用单数（如 Two thirds of the apples are red. / Two thirds of the milk is fresh.）； 3. 序数词的拼写：需重点记忆特殊形式（如 fifth 不写作 fiveth，ninth 不写作 nineth，twelfth 不写作 twelveth），避免拼写错误。 【对点练习】选词填空 1. There are ________ (thirty-two/thirty-two) students in our class, including 18 boys and 14 girls. 【答案】thirty-two 【解析】考查基数词的构成。句意：我们班有 32 名学生，包括 18 名男生和 14 名女生。21-99 的基数词需用 “十位数字 + 连字符 + 个位数字”，故填 thirty-two。 2. My grandparents have been married for ________ (fifty/fiftieth) years, and they still love each other deeply. 【答案】fifty 【解析】考查基数词表数量。句意：我的祖父母结婚五十年了，他们仍然深爱着对方。基数词 “fifty” 表数量，故填 fifty。 3. This is the ________ (third/three) time I have visited the Great Wall since I came to Beijing. 【答案】third 【解析】考查序数词表顺序。句意：这是我来北京后第三次参观长城。序数词 “third” 表顺序，前加 “the”，故填 third。 4. Two ________ (fifth/fifths) of the land in this area is covered with green plants and forests. 【答案】fifths 【解析】考查序数词表分数。句意：这个地区五分之二的土地被绿色植物和森林覆盖。分数中分子大于 1 时，分母序数词需加 “s”，故填 fifths。 5. We need another ________ (two/two) days to finish the difficult task assigned by the teacher. 【答案】two 【解析】考查基数词表 “又一、再一”。句意：我们还需要两天时间完成老师布置的艰巨任务。“another + 基数词 + 名词复数” 表 “再……”，故填 two。 五、数词命题热点表 此表格梳理数词模块的高频考点，聚焦 “倍数表达、特殊数量、主谓一致” 等难点，适配语法填空、单项选择中的数词综合考查题型，帮助掌握核心命题方向。 热点 具体规则 示例 倍数表达 1. 倍数 + as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as（A 是 B 的…… 倍） 2. 倍数 + 形容词 / 副词比较级 + than（A 比 B…… 倍） 3. 倍数 + the + 名词（size/length/weight 等）+of（A 的…… 是 B 的…… 倍） 1. Asia is four times as large as Europe.（亚洲是欧洲的 4 倍大） 2. This room is twice bigger than that one.（这个房间比那个大 2 倍） 3. The building is three times the height of the old one.（这座楼是旧楼的 3 倍高） 特殊数量表达 1. 半小时：half an hour 2. 一个半小时：one and a half hours=one hour and a half 3. 步行 10 分钟路程：a ten-minute walk=ten minutes’ walk 4. 几百 / 几千 / 几百万：hundreds of/thousands of/millions of（表概数） 1. It takes half an hour to get there. 2. He has been waiting for one and a half hours. 3. The park is a ten-minute walk from here. 4. Thousands of people took part in the activity. 数词主谓一致 1. “分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词” 作主语：谓语单复数与 of 后的名词一致 2. “the number of + 名词复数” 作主语：谓语用单数（表 “…… 的数量”） 3. “a number of + 名词复数” 作主语：谓语用复数（表 “许多”） 1. One third of the students are boys.（students 复数→谓语复数）/ One third of the water is clean.（water 不可数→谓语单数） 2. The number of students in our class is 50.（表数量→谓语单数） 3. A number of students like playing basketball.（表许多→谓语复数） 注意事项： 1. 倍数表达的逻辑：“A is three times bigger than B” 表示 “A 是 B 的 3 倍大”，而非 “A 比 B 大 3 倍”，避免语义误解； 2. 特殊数量的名词单复数：“one and a half hours” 中 hour 用复数，因 “one and a half” 表 “超过 1”，不可写作 one and a half hour； 3. the number of 与 a number of 的区分：二者仅差一个冠词，含义和主谓一致规则完全不同，需通过语境明确语义（表 “数量” 用 the number of，表 “许多” 用 a number of）。 【对点练习】选词填空 1. The new library is three times ________ (as big/big) as the old one in our school. 【答案】as big 【解析】考查倍数表达（倍数 + as...as...）。句意：我们学校的新图书馆是旧图书馆的三倍大。“倍数 + as + 形容词原级 + as” 为固定结构，故填 as big。 2. It takes me one and a half ________ (hour/hours) to commute from my home to the company every day. 【答案】hours 【解析】考查特殊数量表达。句意：我每天从家到公司通勤需要一个半小时。“one and a half” 后接可数名词复数，故填 hours。 3. Three fourths of the students in our class ________ (like/likes) playing basketball in their spare time. 【答案】like 【解析】考查数词主谓一致。句意：我们班四分之三的学生喜欢在业余时间打篮球。“分数 + of + 名词” 作主语时，谓语单复数与名词一致，“students” 为复数，故填 like。 4. This river is twice ________ (longer/long) than the one in our hometown. 【答案】longer 【解析】考查倍数表达（倍数 + 比较级 + than）。句意：这条河比我们家乡的那条河长两倍。“倍数 + 形容词比较级 + than” 为固定结构，故填 longer。 5. ________ (Thousands/Thousand) of people gathered in the square to watch the wonderful performance. 【答案】Thousands 【解析】考查概数表达。句意：成千上万的人聚集在广场上观看精彩的表演。“thousands of” 表 “成千上万的”，概数表达中 “thousand” 需加 “s” 并接 “of”，故填 Thousands。 一、语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I found a big change there. 【答案】the 【详解】考查定冠词。句意：在我的最后一个寒假，我去农村和我的父亲去看望我的祖父母。我发现了一个很大的变化。表“去乡下”，应用go to the countryside，因此空格处是the，故填the。 2．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）Each of my cafes will have a different theme and unique style. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：我的每个咖啡馆都有不同的主题和独特的风格。style是可数名词，此处表泛指，意为“一种独特的风格”，unique是以辅音音素开头的单词，其前应用不定冠词a。故填a。 3．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）They live far from the school, and it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day. 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：他们住得离学校很远，每天要花一个半小时去上班。根据句意“一个半小时”可知，此处应用不定冠词an，（hour的发音以元音音素开头， 用an），表示“一个”，an hour and a half是固定表达。故填an。 4．（2021·广东江门·一模） Browns are waiting for you outside. 【答案】The 【详解】考查冠词。句意：布朗一家在外面等你。定冠词the加姓氏复数表示某人一家。句首字母大写，故填The。 5．（2021·广东江门·一模）She didn’t like the colors of the two bags and asked for third one. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：她不喜欢两个包的颜色，要求再拿一个。序数词前使用不定冠词a/an 表示“又一、再一”。third的发音以辅音因素开头，故填a。 6．（2021·广东江门·一模）When I worked in the hotel, I was paid by month. 【答案】the 【详解】考查冠词。句意：当我在宾馆上班的时候，我是按月收费的。介词by和表示时间单位的词连用时，by后需要加上定冠词the表示“按……收费”。故填the。 7．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）In the summer holiday following my (eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons. 【答案】eighteenth 【详解】考查序数词。句意：在我18岁生日后的暑假里，我上了驾驶课。根据句意可知，此处表示顺序，即第18个生日，故应用序数词。故填eighteenth。 8．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Infinium Robotics is working on a model that will carry twice as (much) food. 【答案】much 【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意：无限机器人公司正在研究一种可以携带两倍多的食物的模型。 倍数表达法中：倍数＋as+形容词／副词/＋as，中间的形容词或者副词用原级形式，此处省略后半部分，故填much。 9．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Susan gave up her job as an accountant in her (forty). 【答案】forties 【详解】考查数词。句意：苏珊在四十多岁时放弃了她的会计工作。“in one’s + 整十数复数”是固定表达，意为“在某人几十多岁时”，“forty”的复数形式为“forties”，故填forties。 10．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）The speed of this car is three times (fast) as that of the bike. 【答案】as fast 【详解】考查倍数表达。句意：这辆汽车的速度是那辆自行车的三倍。此处为倍数表达：主语+谓语+as+形容词/副词原级+as+比较对象，作表语，应用形容词fast。故填as fast。 11．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）The population of this city is five times (large) than that of the nearby town. 【答案】larger 【详解】考查倍数表达。句意：这个城市的人口是附近城镇人口的五倍。此处为倍数表达中的一种：主语+be+倍数+比较级+than+比较对象，large的比较级为larger。故填larger。 12．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was shy , nervous perfectionist. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：当我看到一个孩子受到这种压力时，我就想到了唐尼。他是个害羞、紧张的完美主义者。设空处修饰名词，表泛指，应用不定冠词，设空后单词shy以辅音音素开头，故填a。 13．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The company plans to double the current number of domestic stores to nearly 12,000. To meet target, Sawbucks will start more stores at airports and supermarkets. 【答案】the/this/that 【详解】考查冠词和代词。句意：该公司计划将目前国内门店数量增加一倍，达到近1.2万家。为了实现这一目标，Sawbucks将在机场和超市开设更多商店。根据句意表示实现这一目标，用定冠词the或者代词this/that修饰。故填the/this/that。 14．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）When performing challenging mental task, do it in silence, Perham recommended. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：佩勒姆建议，在进行一项具有挑战性的脑力任务时，要在安静中进行。task为可数名词，此处为泛指，且challenging是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 15．（2022高三上·全国·专题练习）There once were a goat and a donkey…. So the farmer killed goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. 【答案】the 【详解】考查冠词。句意：从前有一只山羊和一头驴……农夫就把山羊杀了，用它的心脏做的药给驴吃。分析句子可知，设空处位于名词goat前，根据后面and gave the donkey及句意可知，此处特指那只山羊，应用定冠词the。故填the。 Passage 1 （2025·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of 1 new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 2 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. “I think it’s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead 3 the fact that they have something unique to wear 4 are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.” Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 5 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 6 (solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept 7 (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies. Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, 8 she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for 9 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean 10 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【答案】 1. a 2. times 3. on 4. and 5. to rent 6. solution 7. is 8. which 9. people’s 10. returning 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了服装租赁服务在澳大利亚兴起的现象。 1. 考查冠词。句意：时尚在经济和环境方面的代价催生了一种新的穿衣方式，这种方式也开始在澳大利亚流行起来。可数名词way在句中表示“一种方式”，泛指，且new发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 2. 考查名词。句意：由于人们现在选择少穿的衣服更多了，服装租赁服务越来越受欢迎。time表示“次数”时是可数名词，fewer修饰可数名词复数形式。故填times。 3. 考查介词。句意：如今的顾客不再关注衣服是二手的这一事实，而是关注他们有独特的衣服可穿，并且不会把自己的衣柜塞得满满当当，也不会造成垃圾填埋问题。focus on是固定短语，意为“关注，聚焦于”。故填on。 4. 考查连词。句意：如今的顾客不再关注衣服是二手的这一事实，而是关注他们有独特的衣服可穿，并且不会把自己的衣柜塞得满满当当，也不会造成垃圾填埋问题。“have something unique to wear”和“are not overstuffing their own wardrobes...”是并列关系，have和are是谓语动词，应用连词and连接。故填and。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁，而不是让她们直接购买，为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。“for women (rent)”作后置定语，修饰名词词组fashion clothes，意为“女性租赁的衣服”，用不定式to rent作后置定语，主动表被动。故填to rent。 6. 考查名词。句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁，而不是让她们直接购买，为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。提示词作宾语，用名词solution，意为“解决方案”，有冠词a修饰，用单数形式。故填solution。 7. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来，男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说，它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The concept是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。 8. 考查定语从句。句意：坦尼娅也在关注非正式服装，而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服，她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给旅行者，比如那些前往国外参加婚礼的人，并提供更长期的租赁服务。“____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词less formal clothing，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 9. 考查名词所有格。句意：我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。提示词修饰名词lives，需用名词所有格people’s，作定语。故填people’s。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。根据句意，表示“意味着……”，用固定搭配mean doing sth.，意为“意味着做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填returning。 Passage 2 （2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I've always loved the ocean. In the 1 (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 2 (think)it is food. I decided to do something 3 (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 4 used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）.  I found the contact information of the company 5 emailed its president. I told him how 6 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so 7 (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half. I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 8 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company 9 (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 10 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 【答案】 1. seventh 2. thinking 3. to educate 4. which/that 5. and 6. harmful 7. excited 8. was 9. representative 10. from 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。 1. 考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，　　2　　 (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，　　3　　 (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， 　　4　　 used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。 5. 考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。 6. 考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。 7. 考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。 8. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。 9. 考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。 10. 考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。 Passage 3 （2023·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 1 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 2 (six) century, B．C． Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 4 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 5 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6 (intend) for everyone. 7 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8 saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【答案】 1. to teach 2. sixth 3. as 4. where 5. borrowing 6. intended 7. Different 8. for 9. warning 10. be employed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 2. 考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。 7. 考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。 8. 考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。 9. 考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 10. 考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。从句主语a simple literal form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 【点睛】 Passage 4 （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals? Since June 2017, right before the 1 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3 ? Not the pandas, even though 4 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7 they need an English trainer. So, what are they learning? 8 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 【答案】 1. arrival 2. confident 3. with 4. the 5. visiting 6. interviews 7. why 8. Basically 9. and 10. wished 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语，大家都很疑惑，作者对此做出了解答。 1. 考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。 2. 考查形容词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。 3. 考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，这道题的语序可以看成they speak English 　　　　　　 who，句子中有主语they，speak后有宾语，而who缺少一个介词，who做介词的宾语，又根据句意可推知，此处强调“与某人交流”，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.。故填with。 4. 考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。 5. 考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。 6. 考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。 7. 考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 8. 考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。 9. 考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。 10. 考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 【点睛】 Passage 5 （2025·吉林长春·二模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式。 The Forbidden City, 1 masterpiece of ancient Chinese architecture and culture, houses amazing Chinese cultural and historical relics. 2 , over time, these relics have suffered from wear and tear. 3 (address) this issue, the restoration of these precious relics has become a crucial task. The restoration process comes alive in the documentary Masters in the Forbidden City, which has remained an online hit 4 its release in 2016. Focusing on 5 the restorers do during the restoration process, the documentary has received general 6 (recognize) as it gives viewers a rare opportunity to gain insights into the craftsmanship. The restorers 7 (commit) to preserving the original essence of the relics while 8 (fix) any damage they may have suffered. The restoration of cultural relics is an ongoing and never-ending task. Many young people look up to the very skills 9 are shown in Masters in the Forbidden City, but few would ever think of trying the job for themselves. Tian Chenxin, a 16-year-old student from Changchun, is one of the few. As a volunteer at the Changchun Museum, she spent hours learning from the experts. She dreams of one day 10 (huge) contributing to the preservation of China’s cultural heritage. 【答案】 1. a 2. However 3. To address 4. since 5. what 6. recognition 7. are committed 8. fixing 9. that 10. hugely 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了故宫文物修复的重要性、纪录片《我在故宫修文物》的受欢迎程度，以及年轻人对文物修复技艺的向往，并以一名学生志愿者为例展现文化传承的希望。 1. 考查冠词。句意：故宫，一件中国古代建筑与文化的杰作，收藏着众多令人惊叹的中国文化历史文物。masterpiece“杰作”是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且masterpiece发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 2. 考查副词。句意：然而，随着时间的推移，这些文物已出现磨损。前文说“故宫收藏珍贵文物”，后文说 “随着时间推移文物出现磨损”，前后为转折关系。且根据空后的逗号可知，应用however，句首单词首字母需大写。故填However。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为解决这一问题，修复这些珍贵文物已成为一项至关重要的任务。句子谓语为has become，空处为非谓语动词作目的状语，应用动词不定式形式，句首单词首字母需大写。故填To address。 4. 考查介词。句意：纪录片《我在故宫修文物》生动展现了修复过程，自2016年上映以来，它在网络上一直热度不减。根据上文“has remained”和句意“自从”可知，空处为介词since。故填since。 5. 考查宾语从句。句意：这部纪录片聚焦于修复师在修复过程中的工作内容，广受认可——它为观众提供了难得的机会，让人们得以深入了解相关技艺。空处位于介词on后，引导宾语从句；从句中谓语动词do缺少宾语，指物，用what引导。故填what。 6. 考查名词。句意：这部纪录片聚焦于修复师在修复过程中的工作内容，广受认可——它为观众提供了难得的机会，让人们得以深入了解相关技艺。空处为名词作宾语，recognize的名词形式为recognition，意为“认可”。故填recognition。 7. 考查时态和被动语态。句意：修复师们致力于保留文物的原有精髓，同时修补它们可能遭受的任何损坏。空处为谓语动词，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The restorers是复数，与commit构成被动关系，且有固定短语be committed to doing sth.“致力于做某事”，故应用一般现在时的被动语态的复数形式are committed。故填are committed。 8. 考查状语从句的省略。句意：修复师们致力于保留文物的原有精髓，同时修补它们可能遭受的任何损坏。while引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语The restorers一致，可省略从句主语及be动词，完整的从句是“while they are fixing any damage they may have suffered”，省略了they are，空处需填现在分词。故填fixing。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人敬仰《我在故宫修文物》中展示的技艺，但很少有人会想到亲自尝试这份工作。空处引导定语从句，先行词为the very skills，指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词中有the very，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 10. 考查副词。句意：她梦想有一天能为中国文化遗产的保护做出巨大贡献。空处修饰动词contributing，应用副词形式hugely，意为“巨大地”。故填hugely。 Passage 6 （2025·浙江绍兴·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dongjiao Minxiang is a historically significant hutong located in Beijing, China. 1 (Stretch) about 1,500 meters, it lies to the east of Tian’ ammen Square and has developed into a blend of cultural heritage and modern commerce. Originaling in the Yuan Dynasty, it served initially 2 a strategic trade and supply center, later becoming a diplomatic (外交的) hub during the Second Opium War, 3 the hutong opened its doors to diplomats from different countries. This period 4 (witness) the construction of numerous Western-style buildings. 5 in the mid-20th century, diplomats were relocated to the Sanlitum area. Despite these changes, Dongjiao Minxiang keeps its architectural and historical legacy through its 6 (preserve) buildings and cultural landmarks. Over the years, Dongjiao Minxiang 7 (transform) into a dynamic area, home to both high-end restaurants and common shops, offering a wide array of food and shopping experiences. The hutong’s history is closely associated with significant events and transitions in Beijing, making it 8 fascinating subject for historians and visitors interested in the architectural and cultural evolution of the capital. Its significance lies in its 9 (continue) adaptation, which makes it not just a historical site, but one of the active 10 (participate) in Beijing’s ongoing urban narrative, offering insights into China’s engagement with global influences across centuries. 【答案】 1. Stretching 2. as 3. when 4. witnessed 5. Later 6. preserved 7. has been transformed/has transformed 8. a 9. continuous 10. participants 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了北京东交民巷胡同的历史演变、文化意义及现代发展。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：东交民巷是中国北京一条具有重要历史意义的胡同，长约1500米，位于天安门广场东侧，现已发展成为文化遗产与现代商业的融合体。空处需用非谓语动词作状语，动词stretch与主句主语it之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词stretching作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Stretching。 2. 考查介词。句意：它起源于元朝，最初是一个战略性的贸易和供应中心，后来在第二次鸦片战争期间成为一个外交中心，当时胡同向来自不同国家的外交官敞开了大门。serve as是固定短语，意为“作为，充当”，所以空处需用介词as。故填as。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：同上。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Second Opium War，指时间，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以空处需用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when。 4. 考查时态。句意：这一时期见证了许多西式建筑的建造。根据时间状语This period可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情，witness的过去式是witnessed。故填witnessed。 5. 考查副词。句意：句意：后来在 20 世纪中期，外交官们被迁往三里屯地区。前文叙述东交民巷在第二次鸦片战争期间成为外交枢纽的历史，空后讲述后续的外交官迁移事件，需用副词体现时间上的先后承接关系。later作副词时意为 “后来、随后”，符合语境。故填Later。 6. 考查形容词。句意：尽管发生了这些变化，东交民巷仍通过其保存完好的建筑和文化地标保留了其建筑和历史遗产。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词buildings，preserve的形容词是preserved“保存完好的”。故填preserved。 7. 考查时态和语态。句意：多年来，东交民巷已经变成了一个充满活力的地区，既有高档餐厅，也有普通商店，提供了各种各样的食物和购物体验。根据时间状语Over the years可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，因为表示被改变，所以空处谓语动词需用现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been done，主语是单数Dongjiao Minxiang，所以空处助动词需用has。主语Dongjiao Minxiang虽为地点，但在语境中可视为“转变”这一动作的逻辑执行者（体现区域自身的发展变化），此时可用主动语态。故填has been transformed/has transformed。 8. 考查冠词。句意：胡同的历史与北京的重大事件和变迁密切相关，使其成为对首都建筑和文化演变感兴趣的历史学家和游客的迷人主题。此处表示“一个迷人的主题”，表示泛指，所以空处需用不定冠词a/an，fascinating是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以空处需用不定冠词a。故填a。 9. 考查形容词。句意：它的意义在于它不断的适应，这不仅使它成为一个历史遗址，而且是北京正在进行的城市叙事中的一个积极参与者，提供了对中国几个世纪以来与全球影响的接触的了解。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词adaptation，continue的形容词是continuous“不断的”。故填continuous。 10. 考查名词复数。句意：同上。one of the+形容词+名词复数，表示“……之一”，固定搭配，所以空处需用名词复数participants。故填participants。 Passage 7 （2024·江苏南通·一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 A unique food trend has recently gained 1 (popular) among young people in China. Known as “leftover food blind boxes”, these innovative meal options provide a convenient and affordable way 2 (enjoy) delicious food while also reducing food waste. So far this concept 3 (attract) the attention of many curious young individuals. The concept of “leftover food blind boxes” 4 (originate) abroad, specifically from an app called Too Good To Go that started in Denmark in 2015. Its goal is to fight against food waste by offering surplus (剩余的) unsold food from nearby stores and restaurants 5 a reduced price. Inspired by videos posted by Chinese creators living abroad 6 shared their experiences, Chinese consumers and businesses have quickly accepted the idea, 7 (lead) to similar operations in major Chinese cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu. The operational methods of the “leftover food blind box” model can vary between stores. Some boxes contain pre-packed meals 8 (base) on a store’s sales before the evening, while others allow 9 (customer) to choose from what still remains in the store around closing time. However, the latter option is less common. The contents of the blind boxes are often only revealed upon opening, adding 10 element of surprise to the dining experience. 【答案】 1. popularity 2. to enjoy 3. has attracted 4. originated 5. at 6. who/that 7. leading 8. based 9. customers 10. an 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于中国年轻人中流行的“剩菜盲盒”这一独特食品的趋势。这种创新的餐饮选择既方便又实惠，同时还有助于减少食物浪费。 1. 考查名词。句意：最近，一种独特的饮食潮流在中国年轻人中流行起来。此处作gained的宾语，应用名词，popular的名词形式为popularity，表“流行”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填popularity。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些创新的餐食选择被称为“剩食盲盒”，提供了一种方便又实惠的方式来享用美味食物，同时也减少了食物浪费。这里考查a way to do sth.，为固定搭配，意为“做某事的方式”，应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to enjoy。 3. 考查时态。句意：到目前为止，这个概念已经引起了许多好奇的年轻人的注意。此空考查谓语动词，主语this concept与attract为主动关系，再根据So far可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语this concept是单数。故填has attracted。 4. 考查时态。句意：“剩食盲盒”的概念起源于国外，具体来说是源于2015年在丹麦推出的一款名为Too Good To Go的应用程序。这里考查谓语动词，主语The concept与originate为主动关系，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，originate的过去式为originated。故填originated。 5. 考查介词。句意：其目标是通过以优惠价格提供附近商店和餐馆的剩余未售出食物来对抗食物浪费。这里考查at a...price，为固定搭配，意为“以……的价格”。故填at。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：受到国外中国创作者发布的分享其经历的视频的启发，中国消费者和企业迅速接受了这一理念，这使得北京、上海和成都等中国主要城市也出现了类似的业务。此空考查定语从句，先行词为Chinese creators为人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用who或that引导。故填who或that。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：受到国外中国创作者发布的分享其经历的视频的启发，中国消费者和企业迅速接受了这一理念，这使得北京、上海和成都等中国主要城市也出现了类似的业务。此空考查非谓语，句子Chinese consumers and businesses have quickly accepted the idea与lead之间为主动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用现在分词作结果状语。故填leading。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：有些盲盒里装的是基于商店晚间前销售情况预先包装好的餐食，而另一些则允许顾客在关店前后从商店剩余的食物中选择。这里考查非谓语，meals与base之间为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填based。 9. 考查名词复数。句意：有些盲盒里装的是基于商店晚间前销售情况预先包装好的餐食，而另一些则允许顾客在关店前后从商店剩余的食物中选择。customer为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用复数形式customers。故填customers。 10. 考查冠词。句意：盲盒里的内容通常只有在打开时才会揭晓，这为用餐体验增添了一份惊喜。element为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且element以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $