第15讲 代词-核心语法 重难点专项突破 任务单 2026届高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

高考核心语法·精练 第15讲 代词2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词基础用法表 此表格梳理三类基础代词的核心形式与句法功能，明确不同代词在句中的角色定位，是理解代词基本应用的基础框架，适配语法填空 “代词形式填写” 及句子成分分析类题型。 类型 人称 / 数 具体形式 句法功能 示例 人称代词 第一人称 - 单数 主格：I；宾格：me 主格作主语；宾格作宾语 / 表语 1. I am a student.（主格） 2. She helped me.（宾格） 第一人称 - 复数 主格：we；宾格：us 主格作主语；宾格作宾语 / 表语 1. We will go together.（主格） 2. He waited for us.（宾格） 第二人称 - 单 / 复数 主格：you；宾格：you 主格作主语；宾格作宾语 / 表语 1. You are my friend.（主格） 2. I know you.（宾格） 第三人称 - 单数 主格：he/she/it；宾格：him/her/it 主格作主语；宾格作宾语 / 表语 1. He is a doctor.（主格） 2. I saw her yesterday.（宾格） 3. It is a cat.（主格） 第三人称 - 复数 主格：they；宾格：them 主格作主语；宾格作宾语 / 表语 1. They are teachers.（主格） 2. I met them.（宾格） 物主代词 第一人称 - 单数 形容词性：my；名词性：mine 形容词性作定语；名词性作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 1. This is my book.（形容词性） 2. Mine is on the desk.（名词性） 第一人称 - 复数 形容词性：our；名词性：ours 形容词性作定语；名词性作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 1. Our classroom is big.（形容词性） 2. Ours is bigger.（名词性） 第二人称 - 单 / 复数 形容词性：your；名词性：yours 形容词性作定语；名词性作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 1. Is this your pen?（形容词性） 2. Yours is red.（名词性） 第三人称 - 单数 形容词性：his/her/its；名词性：his/hers/its 形容词性作定语；名词性作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 1. Her bag is new.（形容词性） 2. Hers is black.（名词性） 第三人称 - 复数 形容词性：their；名词性：theirs 形容词性作定语；名词性作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 1. Their house is small.（形容词性） 2. Theirs is near the park.（名词性） 反身代词 第一人称 - 单数 myself 作宾语 / 表语 / 同位语 1. I hurt myself.（宾语） 2. I am not myself today.（表语） 3. I did it myself.（同位语） 第一人称 - 复数 ourselves 作宾语 / 表语 / 同位语 We enjoyed ourselves at the party.（宾语） 第二人称 - 单数 yourself 作宾语 / 表语 / 同位语 Help yourself to some fruit.（宾语） 第二人称 - 复数 yourselves 作宾语 / 表语 / 同位语 You should behave yourselves.（宾语） 第三人称 - 单数 himself/herself/itself 作宾语 / 表语 / 同位语 She taught herself English.（宾语） 第三人称 - 复数 themselves 作宾语 / 表语 / 同位语 They devoted themselves to the work.（宾语） 注意事项： 1. 人称代词并列主语顺序：遵循 “第二人称→第三人称→第一人称”（如 you, he and I），不可颠倒； 2. 物主代词的 “词性区分”：形容词性物主代词后必须接名词（错误：my is...；正确：mine is...），名词性物主代词后不可接名词； 3. 反身代词的 “主语一致”：反身代词指代的对象需与句子主语一致（错误：She helped myself.；正确：She helped herself.），且不可单独作主语。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. My sister and ________ (me) will go to the cinema together to watch the new movie this weekend. 【答案】I 【解析】考查人称代词主格。句意：我姐姐和我这周末要一起去电影院看这部新电影。此处 “我” 与 “my sister” 并列作主语，需用人称代词主格形式，故填 I。 2. This beautiful dress is not ________ (she), but her mother’s. 【答案】hers 【解析】考查名词性物主代词。句意：这条漂亮的裙子不是她的，而是她妈妈的。此处需用名词性物主代词指代 “her dress”，故填 hers。 3. The little boy taught ________ (he) how to play the piano when he was only five years old. 【答案】himself 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：这个小男孩五岁时就自学弹钢琴了。反身代词指代主语自身，“teach oneself” 表示 “自学”，故填 himself。 4. Our classroom is bigger than ________ (they), because there are more students in our class. 【答案】theirs 【解析】考查名词性物主代词。句意：我们的教室比他们的大，因为我们班的学生更多。此处用名词性物主代词指代 “their classroom”，故填 theirs。 5. You, Tom and ________ (me) are responsible for organizing the school sports meeting next month. 【答案】I 【解析】考查人称代词并列顺序。句意：你、汤姆和我负责组织下个月的学校运动会。人称代词并列作主语时，遵循 “二→三→一” 顺序，此处 “我” 用主格形式，故填 I。 二、it 的多功能用法表 此表格聚焦 “it 的特殊用法”，梳理其在人称指代、非人称指代、形式主 / 宾语、强调句型及固定词组中的应用，是代词模块的高频重难点，适配语法填空、单项选择等题型对 it 的综合考查。 类型 适用场景 核心规则 示例 人称代词 1. 指代性别不明的婴儿 /身份不明的人 2. 指代前文的 this/that 或复合不定代词（something/anything 等） 1. 不区分性别，统一用 it 2. 替代前文出现的单数事物，避免重复 1. Who is crying? It’s a baby.（代婴儿） 2. This is a new phone. It works well.（代 this） 3. She has something to say. It is important.（代 something） 非人称代词 1. 指代时间、天气、距离、温度等抽象概念 2. 用于固定句型 1. 无实际指代对象，仅作语法主语 2. 句型结构固定，需记忆搭配 1. It is 9 o’clock now.（代时间） 2. It is raining.（代天气） 3. It is 10 kilometers from here.（代距离） 4. It’s time to go.（固定句型） 形式主语 替代不定式、动名词或从句作主语，平衡句子结构 真正主语置于句末，句首用 it 作形式主语 1. It is easy to learn English.（代不定式） 2. It is no use complaining.（代动名词） 3. It is clear that he is right.（代从句） 形式宾语 用于 “动词 + it + 宾语补足语 + 真正宾语” 结构，真正宾语为不定式或从句 避免宾语过长导致句子头重脚轻，it 作形式宾语 1. I think it important to study hard.（代不定式） 2. She hates it when people talk loudly.（代从句） 3. We made it clear that we would come.（代从句） 强调句型 强调句子主语、宾语、状语（谓语除外） 结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that (who)...；被强调部分为人时可用 who 1. It was he who helped me.（强调主语） 2. It was yesterday that we met.（强调状语） 3. It is this book that I want.（强调宾语） 固定词组 口语或书面语中的固定搭配 词组含义固定，it 不可替换或省略 1. Take it easy.（别紧张） 2. Make it.（成功） 3. It all depends.（看情况） 4. Believe it or not.（信不信由你） 注意事项： 1. 非人称代词 it 的 “无指代性”：不可指代具体人或物，仅用于抽象概念（错误：The cat is cute. It is black. 此处 it 是人称代词，非非人称代词）； 2. 形式主 / 宾语的 “真正主语 / 宾语位置”：真正主语 / 宾语需置于句末，不可置于 it 之前（错误：To learn English it is easy.；正确：It is easy to learn English.）； 3. 强调句型的 “that/who 不可省略”：即使被强调部分是时间或地点，也不可用 when/where 替代 that（错误：It was yesterday when we met.；正确：It was yesterday that we met.）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. ________ is very cold today, so you’d better wear a thick coat when you go out. 【答案】It 【解析】考查 it 作非人称代词。句意：今天非常冷，所以你出去的时候最好穿一件厚外套。it 指代天气，句首首字母大写，故填 It。 2. ________ is important for us to develop good reading habits from an early age. 【答案】It 【解析】考查 it 作形式主语。句意：从小养成良好的阅读习惯对我们来说很重要。此处 it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式短语，故填 It。 3. I find ________ necessary to communicate with our parents regularly to avoid misunderstandings. 【答案】it 【解析】考查 it 作形式宾语。句意：我发现定期和父母沟通以避免误解是必要的。此处 it 作形式宾语，真正宾语是后面的不定式短语，故填 it。 4. ________ was my brother who helped me solve the difficult math problem yesterday. 【答案】It 【解析】考查 it 用于强调句型。句意：昨天是我哥哥帮我解决了这道难解的数学题。强调句型结构为 “It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...”，此处强调主语 “my brother”，故填 It。 5. ________ is no use complaining about the bad weather, because we can’t change it. 【答案】It 【解析】考查 it 作形式主语。句意：抱怨坏天气是没用的，因为我们无法改变它。“It is no use doing sth” 为固定句型，it 作形式主语，故填 It。 三、易混不定代词对比表 此表格针对 9 组易混不定代词，通过 “用法差异 + 示例” 明确区分规则，解决 “不定代词误用” 问题，适配语法填空及单项选择中的辨析类题型，帮助规避常见错误。 易混代词组 核心差异 示例（正确用法） some vs any 1. some：肯定句、表建议 / 请求的疑问句 2. any：否定句、疑问句、肯定句表 “任何” 1. I have some books.（肯定句） 2. Would you like some tea?（表建议） 3. I don’t have any money.（否定句） 4. Any student can join.（肯定句表 “任何”） all vs both 1. all：指代三者及以上，可接可数 / 不可数名词 2. both：指代两者，仅接可数名词复数 1. All the students are here.（三者及以上） 2. Both of my parents are workers.（两者） every vs each 1. every：仅作定语，表 “整体”，不可接 of 短语 2. each：可作主语 / 宾语 / 定语，表 “个体”，可接 of 短语 1. Every student has a book.（作定语，表整体） 2. Each of us has a pen.（作主语，表个体） either vs neither 1. either：两者中任一，表肯定 2. neither：两者都不，表否定，后接单数谓语 1. Either of the two pens is mine.（两者任一） 2. Neither of them knows the answer.（两者都不） many vs much 1. many：修饰可数名词复数 2. much：修饰不可数名词 1. Many students like music.（可数） 2. There is much water in the bottle.（不可数） (a)few vs (a)little 1. (a) few：修饰可数名词；a few 表肯定（一些），few 表否定（几乎没有） 2. (a) little：修饰不可数名词；a little 表肯定（一点），little 表否定（几乎没有） 1. I have a few friends.（可数，肯定） 2. He has few books.（可数，否定） 3. There is a little milk left.（不可数，肯定） 4. She has little time.（不可数，否定） another vs others 1. another：三者及以上中的 “另一个”，后接单数名词或 “数词 + 复数名词” 2. others：泛指 “其他的人 / 物”，不可接名词，常与 some 搭配（some...others...） 1. I need another pen.（三者及以上另一个） 2. Some students are reading, others are writing.（泛指其他） one vs ones vs it vs that 1. one/ones：指代同类不同物（one 单数，ones 复数） 2. it：指代同一事物 3. that：指代单数可数 / 不可数名词，用于比较结构 1. This pen is old. I want a new one.（同类不同物，单数） 2. These apples are small. I want big ones.（同类不同物，复数） 3. The pen is mine. I like it.（同一事物） 4. The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.（比较结构） something vs anything vs nothing 1. something：肯定句表 “某事”，疑问句表 “请求 / 建议” 2. anything：否定 / 疑问句表 “任何事”，肯定句表 “无论何事” 3. nothing：表 “无事”，相当于 not...anything 1. There is something wrong.（肯定句） 2. Do you have anything to say?（疑问句） 3. Nothing is impossible.（表否定） 注意事项： 1. 不定代词的 “数的一致”：如 each/neither/either 后接单数谓语（错误：Each of them are...；正确：Each of them is...）； 2. (a) few/(a) little 的 “肯定 / 否定”：带 a 表肯定，不带 a 表否定，不可混淆（错误：I have few friends.（表否定）→ 若想表肯定，需用 a few）； 3. one/ones 的 “指代限制”：仅指代可数名词，不可指代不可数名词（错误：I need some water. Give me one.；正确：Give me a glass of it.）。 【对点练习】选词填空 1. Could you please give me ________ (some/any) advice on how to improve my English writing skills? 【答案】some 【解析】考查 some 与 any 的用法区别。句意：你能给我一些关于如何提高英语写作能力的建议吗？此处表请求，疑问句中用 some，故填 some。 2. ________ (All/Both) of my parents are doctors, and they are very busy with their work every day. 【答案】Both 【解析】考查 all 与 both 的用法区别。句意：我的父母都是医生，他们每天都忙于工作。“父母” 为两者，both 指代两者，all 指代三者及以上，故填 Both。 3. There is ________ (little/a little) milk left in the bottle, so we need to buy some more from the supermarket. 【答案】little 【解析】考查 (little/a little) 的用法区别。句意：瓶子里几乎没有牛奶了，所以我们需要去超市再买一些。little 表否定 “几乎没有”，a little 表肯定 “一点”，结合语境需填 little，故填 little。 4. I don’t like this pen. Can you show me ________ (another/others) one? 【答案】another 【解析】考查 another 与 others 的用法区别。句意：我不喜欢这支钢笔。你能给我看另一支吗？another 指代三者及以上中的 “另一个”，后接单数名词，others 泛指 “其他的人或物”，不接名词，故填 another。 5. ________ (Each/Every) student in our class has a new English dictionary provided by the school. 【答案】Every 【解析】考查 each 与 every 的用法区别。句意：我们班的每个学生都有一本学校提供的新英语词典。every 仅作定语，修饰单数名词，each 可作主语、宾语或定语，此处修饰名词 “student” 作定语，故填 Every。 四、特殊代词（such/same/ 相互代词）用法表 此表格梳理易被忽视的特殊代词用法，明确 such、same 及相互代词的核心规则，补充基础代词外的高频考点，适配语法填空、书面表达中对特殊代词的灵活应用需求。 类型 核心规则 示例 such 1. 作代词：表 “如此的人 / 物”，可作主语 / 表语 2. 作形容词：修饰名词，表 “如此的” 1. Such is my plan.（作主语） 2. He is such a kind man.（作形容词） 3. Such were his words.（作主语） same 1. 必加定冠词 the，表 “相同的” 2. 可作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 / 定语 1. The same to you.（作表语） 2. We have the same idea.（作定语） 3. I did the same as him.（作宾语） 相互代词 1. each other：用于两者之间，表 “互相” 2. one another：用于三者及以上之间，表 “互相” 3. 不可作主语，仅作宾语 1. The two girls help each other.（两者） 2. The students help one another.（三者及以上） 3. They learn from each other.（作宾语） 注意事项： 1. such 的 “句型搭配”：such+a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词（错误：so a kind man；正确：such a kind man），so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词，不可混淆； 2. same 的 “the 不可省”：same 前必须加 the（错误：same as...；正确：the same as...）； 3. 相互代词的 “范围区分”：虽日常使用中 each other 和 one another 可通用，但严格语法中需按 “两者 / 三者及以上” 区分，正式语境建议遵循规则。 【对点练习】用（such/same/ 相互代词）填空 1. ________ is the truth that no one can change the fact that the earth goes around the sun. 【答案】Such 【解析】考查 such 作代词。句意：没有人能改变地球绕着太阳转这一事实，这就是真相。such 作主语，表 “如此的事物”，句首首字母大写，故填 Such。 2. The opinion he put forward is the ________ as mine, so we quickly reached an agreement. 【答案】same 【解析】考查 same 的用法。句意：他提出的观点和我的一样，所以我们很快达成了一致。same 前需加定冠词 the，“the same as” 表示 “与…… 一样”，故填 same。 3. The two friends haven’t seen each other for a long time, so they talked happily and learned from ________. 【答案】each other 【解析】考查相互代词。句意：这两个朋友很久没见面了，所以他们聊得很开心，互相学习。两者之间用 each other，三者及以上用 one another，此处指两个朋友，故填 each other。 4. He is ________ a kind man that everyone in the community likes him very much. 【答案】such 【解析】考查 such 作形容词。句意：他是一个如此善良的人，社区里的每个人都非常喜欢他。“such+a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词” 为固定结构，故填 such。 5. We should help ________ in times of difficulty to build a harmonious class. 【答案】one another 【解析】考查相互代词。句意：我们应该在困难时期互相帮助，建设一个和谐的班级。此处指班级里的学生（三者及以上），用 one another，故填 one another。 一、语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·江苏南京·一模）Interestingly, Chen found a young girl who said one of Zhang Yimou’s movie was her favourite because the romance between the two main characters was similar to of her own parents’. 【答案】that 【详解】考查代词。句意：有趣的是，陈发现一个年轻女孩，她说张艺谋的一部电影是她的最爱，因为两位主角之间的浪漫爱情与她父母的（爱情）类似。指代前文提到的“the romance” ，用that。故填that。 2．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）Mr. and Mrs. Zhang work in our school. 【答案】both 【详解】考查代词。句意：张先生和张太太都在我们学校工作。Mr. and Mrs. Zhang是“张先生和张太太”，是两个人，“两者都”应用both，故填both。 3．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）When I look at this picture of myself, ... This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of (me) high school days. 【答案】my 【详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：当我看着这张我自己的照片……这张照片经常让我回想起高中时代的许多美好回忆。修饰名词短语high school days用形容词性物主代词，故填my。 4．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）She has been posting videos of (she) dressed in hanfu on the Internet, which has attracted many fans on Chinese lifestyle. 【答案】herself 【详解】考查代词。句意：她一直在网上上传她穿着汉服的视频，这吸引了很多喜欢中国生活方式的人。此处of是介词，后跟宾语，且主语为she，此处意为“她自己”，故应用反身代词herself作宾语，故填herself。 5．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）People shared their food, ice, and gasoline. People who still had power opened their homes to who had none. 【答案】those 【详解】考查代词。句意：那些还有电的人会向那些没有电的人敞开家门。根据下文的“who had none”可知，指的是没有电的那些人，用代词those。故填those。 6．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）“ made me feel that there were many things worth sharing in my life, and it also gave me a sense of mission,” she explains. 【答案】It/This 【详解】考查代词。句意：她解释说：“这让我觉得在我的生命中有很多值得分享的东西，也让我有了使命感。”根据句意以及and连接的it可知，此处为代指上文一件事，用代词it或者this。出现在句首，注意首字母大写。故填It/This。 7．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）But Johan Stenevad, my host at Lapland Guesthouse, showed me else. One day, on a snowmobile path lined with tall trees on both sides, he turned off his engine and asked me what I saw. “Trees,” I answered. “A forest.” 【答案】something 【详解】考查代词。句意：但我在拉普兰宾馆的主人Johan Stenevad向我展示了其他东西。一天，在一个路两旁大树成排的摩托雪橇路上，他突然关掉引擎，问我看到了什么。“树，”我回答道。“一片森林”。结合句意表示“其他东西”短语为something else。故填something。 8．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but didn’t help. 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意：医生强烈建议薇拉去度假，但没有用。此处指上文去度假这件事没有用，应用代词it。故填it。 9．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of . 【答案】the other 【详解】考查代词。句意：贸易谈判没有任何进展因为任何一方都不接受另一方提出的条件。根据上文neither的提示可以看出，所指的是“两者中的另外一个”，所以用the other。故填the other。 10．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Instead of having to choose one or the other, we can benefit from of the approaches. 【答案】both 【详解】考查代词。句意：我们不必二选一，两种方法都能让我们受益。分析句意可知，题干中出现了one，the other可以推测此题应该会考查关于两者之间的一些代词：either, both等。后面又出现of和复数名词approaches，可以确定填入both表示“两者都”符合语境。故填both。 11．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The little boy pulled right hand out of the pocket. 【答案】his 【详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：小男孩把右手从口袋里抽出来。结合句意空应处填形容词性物主代词his，作定语。故填his。 12．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The company plans to double the current number of domestic stores to nearly 12,000. To meet target, Sawbucks will start more stores at airports and supermarkets. 【答案】the/this/that 【详解】考查冠词和代词。句意：该公司计划将目前国内门店数量增加一倍，达到近1.2万家。为了实现这一目标，Sawbucks将在机场和超市开设更多商店。根据句意表示实现这一目标，用定冠词the或者代词this/that修饰。故填the/this/that。 13．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The difference between a man who succeeds and who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. 【答案】one 【详解】考查代词。句意：一个成功的人和一个不成功的人之间的区别只在于他们对待机会的方式。空处泛指前面的a man，用代词one代指。故填one。 14．（2023高三·上海·专题练习） is very common for students to be physically present in class，but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles. 【答案】It 【详解】考查代词。句意：因为使用手机，学生们身体上是在课堂上，但精神上是游离的，这是很常见的。it做形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式。置于句首，首字母大写。故填It。 15．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Over time, as the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so would cook more quickly. 【答案】it/they 【详解】考查代词。句意：随着时间的推移，随着人口的增长，人们开始将食物切成小块，这样烹饪食物速度会更快。/随着时间的推移，随着人口的增长，人们开始将食物切成小块，以便更快地烹饪。空处缺少主语，空处可用it指代food，也可用they指代pieces。故填it或they。 1．（2025·江苏南京·一模）Interestingly, Chen found a young girl who said one of Zhang Yimou’s movie was her favourite because the romance between the two main characters was similar to of her own parents’. 【答案】that 【详解】考查代词。句意：有趣的是，陈发现一个年轻女孩，她说张艺谋的一部电影是她的最爱，因为两位主角之间的浪漫爱情与她父母的（爱情）类似。指代前文提到的“the romance” ，用that。故填that。 2．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）Mr. and Mrs. Zhang work in our school. 【答案】both 【详解】考查代词。句意：张先生和张太太都在我们学校工作。Mr. and Mrs. Zhang是“张先生和张太太”，是两个人，“两者都”应用both，故填both。 3．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）When I look at this picture of myself, ... This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of (me) high school days. 【答案】my 【详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：当我看着这张我自己的照片……这张照片经常让我回想起高中时代的许多美好回忆。修饰名词短语high school days用形容词性物主代词，故填my。 4．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）She has been posting videos of (she) dressed in hanfu on the Internet, which has attracted many fans on Chinese lifestyle. 【答案】herself 【详解】考查代词。句意：她一直在网上上传她穿着汉服的视频，这吸引了很多喜欢中国生活方式的人。此处of是介词，后跟宾语，且主语为she，此处意为“她自己”，故应用反身代词herself作宾语，故填herself。 5．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）People shared their food, ice, and gasoline. People who still had power opened their homes to who had none. 【答案】those 【详解】考查代词。句意：那些还有电的人会向那些没有电的人敞开家门。根据下文的“who had none”可知，指的是没有电的那些人，用代词those。故填those。 6．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）“ made me feel that there were many things worth sharing in my life, and it also gave me a sense of mission,” she explains. 【答案】It/This 【详解】考查代词。句意：她解释说：“这让我觉得在我的生命中有很多值得分享的东西，也让我有了使命感。”根据句意以及and连接的it可知，此处为代指上文一件事，用代词it或者this。出现在句首，注意首字母大写。故填It/This。 7．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）But Johan Stenevad, my host at Lapland Guesthouse, showed me else. One day, on a snowmobile path lined with tall trees on both sides, he turned off his engine and asked me what I saw. “Trees,” I answered. “A forest.” 【答案】something 【详解】考查代词。句意：但我在拉普兰宾馆的主人Johan Stenevad向我展示了其他东西。一天，在一个路两旁大树成排的摩托雪橇路上，他突然关掉引擎，问我看到了什么。“树，”我回答道。“一片森林”。结合句意表示“其他东西”短语为something else。故填something。 8．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but didn’t help. 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意：医生强烈建议薇拉去度假，但没有用。此处指上文去度假这件事没有用，应用代词it。故填it。 9．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of . 【答案】the other 【详解】考查代词。句意：贸易谈判没有任何进展因为任何一方都不接受另一方提出的条件。根据上文neither的提示可以看出，所指的是“两者中的另外一个”，所以用the other。故填the other。 10．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Instead of having to choose one or the other, we can benefit from of the approaches. 【答案】both 【详解】考查代词。句意：我们不必二选一，两种方法都能让我们受益。分析句意可知，题干中出现了one，the other可以推测此题应该会考查关于两者之间的一些代词：either, both等。后面又出现of和复数名词approaches，可以确定填入both表示“两者都”符合语境。故填both。 11．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The little boy pulled right hand out of the pocket. 【答案】his 【详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：小男孩把右手从口袋里抽出来。结合句意空应处填形容词性物主代词his，作定语。故填his。 12．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The company plans to double the current number of domestic stores to nearly 12,000. To meet target, Sawbucks will start more stores at airports and supermarkets. 【答案】the/this/that 【详解】考查冠词和代词。句意：该公司计划将目前国内门店数量增加一倍，达到近1.2万家。为了实现这一目标，Sawbucks将在机场和超市开设更多商店。根据句意表示实现这一目标，用定冠词the或者代词this/that修饰。故填the/this/that。 13．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The difference between a man who succeeds and who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. 【答案】one 【详解】考查代词。句意：一个成功的人和一个不成功的人之间的区别只在于他们对待机会的方式。空处泛指前面的a man，用代词one代指。故填one。 14．（2023高三·上海·专题练习） is very common for students to be physically present in class，but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles. 【答案】It 【详解】考查代词。句意：因为使用手机，学生们身体上是在课堂上，但精神上是游离的，这是很常见的。it做形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式。置于句首，首字母大写。故填It。 15．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Over time, as the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so would cook more quickly. 【答案】it/they 【详解】考查代词。句意：随着时间的推移，随着人口的增长，人们开始将食物切成小块，这样烹饪食物速度会更快。/随着时间的推移，随着人口的增长，人们开始将食物切成小块，以便更快地烹饪。空处缺少主语，空处可用it指代food，也可用they指代pieces。故填it或they。 Passage 1 （2025·浙江·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the opening of the World Conference of Classics in Beijing, Martin Kern, a famous sinologist, advocated for 1 transformative role of cross-cultural study in understanding ancient civilizations. Kern argued that studying ancient China or Greece 2 (separate) limits the ability of scholars in classical studies to understand 3 makes each culture distinct, as well as the universal characteristics shared across civilizations. “If you only know about China, 4 only know about Greece, you will never know what is particular and special about either one and what 5 (share) with other ancient civilizations,” Kern said, 6 (emphasize) the importance of engaging in comparative scholarship. Kern shared how comparative study had reshaped his own work, as investigating Greek 7 (debate) on reading practices brought new insights to his research on early Chinese manuscripts (手稿). For him, cross-cultural dialogues are not simply supplemental (补充的) to 8 (specialize) research; they are essential for transforming scholars’ understanding of their own fields. “To know something about other cultures is to better understand 9 (one) own,” he commented. Kern said that without engaging with other civilizations, “we rob ourselves of fundamental insights into our own fields and civilization.” The incredibly rich traditions of ancient China, he added, can contribute a wealth of new perspectives 10 the study of other civilizations and global antiquity as a system. 【答案】 1. the 2. separately 3. what 4. or 5. is shared 6. emphasizing 7. debates 8. specialized 9. one’s 10. to 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名汉学家Martin Kern在北京世界古典学大会开幕式上的观点，他主张跨文化研究在理解古代文明方面具有变革性作用，强调比较学术研究的重要性，以及跨文化对话对学者研究自身领域和理解文明的关键意义。 1. 考查冠词。句意：在北京世界古典学大会开幕式上，著名汉学家Martin Kern主张跨文化研究在理解古代文明方面所起的变革性作用。此处“transformative role（变革性作用）”特指“跨文化研究在理解古代文明方面的作用”，表示特指需用定冠词the，符合语境。故填the。 2. 考查副词。句意：Kern认为，单独研究古代中国或古希腊，会限制古典学领域学者理解使每种文化具有独特性的因素以及各文明所共有的普遍特征的能力。分析句子结构，谓语动词为limits，空处需填副词修饰动词limits，separate的副词形式为separately，意为“单独地、分别地”。故填separately。 3. 考查宾语从句。句意：Kern认为，单独研究古代中国或古希腊，会限制古典学领域学者理解使每种文化具有独特性的因素以及各文明所共有的普遍特征的能力。分析句子结构，understand后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代“使每种文化独特的事物/因素”，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。 4. 考查连词。句意：Kern说：“如果你只了解中国，或者只了解希腊，你永远不会知道两者各自的独特之处，以及它们与其他古代文明的共同之处。”他强调了从事比较学术研究的重要性。根据语境，“only know about China”和“only know about Greece”为并列选择关系，需用连词or连接，表“或者”。故填or。 5. 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：Kern说：“如果你只了解中国，或者只了解希腊，你永远不会知道两者各自的独特之处，以及它们与其他古代文明的共同之处。”他强调了从事比较学术研究的重要性。分析句子结构，what引导宾语从句，从句主语what指代“共同的事物”，与谓语动词share之间为被动关系（“被分享、共有的”），需用被动语态；句子陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，且what作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。故填is shared。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：Kern说：“如果你只了解中国，或者只了解希腊，你永远不会知道两者各自的独特之处，以及它们与其他古代文明的共同之处。”他强调了从事比较学术研究的重要性。分析句子结构，said为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作伴随状语，Kern与emphasize之间为主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填emphasizing。 7. 考查名词复数。句意：Kern分享了比较研究如何重塑了他自己的研究，因为研究希腊关于阅读实践的争论，为他对中国早期手稿的研究带来了新的见解。debate为可数名词，此处表示“希腊关于阅读实践的各类争论”，并非单一争论，需用复数形式debates，符合语境。故填debates。 8. 考查形容词。句意：对他来说，跨文化对话不仅仅是对专业研究的补充；它们对于改变学者对自身领域的理解至关重要。分析句子结构，空处需填形容词修饰名词research，specialize的形容词形式为specialized，意为“专业的、专门的”。故填specialized。 9. 考查代词。句意：他评论道：“了解其他文化，才能更好地理解自己的文化。”此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词own，此处own为名词，意为“自己的东西/文化”，one的形容词性物主代词为one’s，意为“某人的”。故填one’s。 10. 考查介词。句意：他补充说，古代中国极其丰富的传统，能够为其他文明的研究以及作为一个体系的全球古代文明研究提供大量新视角。contribute sth. to sth.为固定短语，意为“为……贡献某物、给……提供某物”，此处表示“为其他文明和全球古代文明体系的研究提供新视角”。故填to。 Passage 2 （2021·浙江卷·高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 2 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 3 （marry）ceremony in 1842. When the house was built, it was much 4 （small）than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home 5 （paint）white.” It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 6 （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order. Although Mary loved flowers, 7 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8 （plant）flowers in the front yard. 9 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two-story in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 （sell）most of their furniture. 【答案】 1. has proved/has proven 2. for 3. marriage 4. smaller 5. was painted 6. herself 7. neither 8. to plant 9. The 10. sold 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁史。 1. 考查动词时态。句意：它不像乔治·华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。根据时间状语“since it opened to the public”可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，故设空处用现在完成时；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。 2. 考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。 3. 考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”，此处用名词作定语，故填marriage。 4. 考查形容词比较级。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处用形容词比较级形式，故填smaller。 5. 考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被粉刷”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。 6. 考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词，作宾语；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。 7. 考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。 8. 考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示，故填to plant。 9. 考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。 10. 考查动词时态。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们把房子租了出去，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式是sold。故填sold。 Passage 3 （2025·四川凉山·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We’ve all heard the same warning 1 looking at the phone or another screen before bed is very bad for us. It may make it harder for us to fall asleep and prevent us 2 (get) a good night’s rest. Most sleep 3 (doctor) suggest turning off screens an hour before bedtime. The reality is that cell phones, tablets, or TVs, which will produce blue lights, 4 (be) the last things we look at before we close our eyes. Screens in general have become 5 an important part of our lives that it can feel completely impractical to put them away earlier in the evening. Why is blue light 6 (particular) bad? At night, our brain starts to produce a hormone called melatonin (褪黑素), which helps us fall asleep. 7 (expose) to blue light will hold back melatonin production. The very specialized cells in the eyes that feed into our sleep system respond strongly to blue light in 8 (compare) to other types of light. Besides blue light, it’s also easy for us to be addicted to what we’re reading or watching, which leads to staying awake a lot 9 (late) than we should. Therefore, 10 is a smart idea to follow sleep doctors’ advice. 【答案】 1. that 2. getting 3. doctors 4. are 5. such 6. particularly 7. Being exposed/Exposure 8. comparison 9. later 10. it 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了睡前使用电子设备（尤其是会发出蓝光的手机、平板和电视）对睡眠的危害及其原理，并给出了相应的建议。 1. 考查同位语从句。句意：我们都听过同样的警告：睡前看手机或其他电子屏幕对我们的危害很大。此空引导同位语从句说明名词warning的具体内容，从句句意、结构完整，用连接词that引导。故填that。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能会让我们更难入睡，还会妨碍我们获得一夜好眠。prevent sb (from) doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”为固定搭配，此空填动名词getting作宾语。故填getting。 3. 考查名词的数。句意：大多数睡眠医生建议在睡前一小时关掉电子屏幕。doctor“医生”为可数名词，前有most“大多数”修饰，用名词doctor的复数形式。故填doctors。 4. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：实际情况是，手机、平板电脑或电视这类会发出蓝光的设备，往往是我们闭上眼睛前最后查看的东西。此空在表语从句中作谓语，陈述目前客观事实，用一般现在时，表语从句中的主语是“cell phones, tablets, or TVs”，谓语动词遵循就近原则，与“TVs”保持一致，是名词复数形式，be动词用复数形式are。故填are。 5. 考查固定句型。句意：总的来说，电子屏幕已成为我们生活中重要的一部分，以致于晚上早些时候就把它们收起来，会让人觉得完全不切实际。“an important part”为名词短语，用such修饰，构成固定句型“such+a(n)+形容词+名词+that从句”，意为“如此……以致于……”。故填such。 6. 考查副词。句意：为什么蓝光尤其有害呢？修饰形容词bad，应用副词形式particularly作状语。故填particularly。 7. 考查非谓语动词/名词。句意：暴露在蓝光下会抑制褪黑素的生成。“________ (expose) to blue light”作主语，动词expose的名词为exposure，固定搭配exposure to“暴露在……下，接触”符合句意；此外，此句表示“暴露在蓝光下”，“被暴露在……下”为被动语态be exposed to，作主语应用动名词形式being exposed to；位于句首，首字母大写。故填Being exposed/Exposure。 8. 考查名词。句意：与其它类型的光线相比，眼睛中那些与睡眠系统紧密相连的特化细胞对蓝光反应强烈。介词in后接名词形式，in comparison with意为“与……比较”，为固定搭配。故填comparison。 9. 考查副词比较级。句意：除了蓝光之外，我们还很容易沉迷于正在阅读或观看的内容，这会导致我们比正常时间更晚地保持清醒状态。后有than，应用副词late比较级later，表示“更晚”。 故填later。 10. 考查代词。句意：因此，听从睡眠医生的建议是一个明智的选择。固定句型“it+is+名词+to do”，it在句中作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。故填it。 Passage 4 （2025·四川凉山·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Pang Zhongwang, 1 doctoral student at Tsinghua University’s Department of Precision Instruments (精密仪器部), was named one of “Touching China’s 2024 Persons of the Year” on Saturday. Born in 1998 in Wuqiao county, Cangzhou city, Hebei province, Pang 2 (grow) up under difficult circumstances: his father was chronically (慢性地) ill, his mother disabled, and he himself suffered 3 congenital (先天的) heart disease. Despite these challenges, he remained optimistic, 4 (credit) his mother’s encouragement. “She smiled every day — so why should I feel sad?” he recalled. In 2017, he 5 (admit) to Tsinghua University, where he later became a PhD student in the Department of Precision Instruments. 6 (sad), his mother passed away before witnessing his 7 (achieve). In recent days, online rumors claimed Pang had received a 3 million yuan research award and donated the entire sum 8 (establish) an education fund in the name of his mother. On Sunday, Pang clarified that he had not received such a large bonus, adding that he would continue to work hard and live up to his late 9 (mother) expectations. Pang’s journey shows that 10 there are challenges, determination and hard work can lead to success. 【答案】 1. a 2. grew 3. from 4. crediting 5. was admitted 6. Sadly 7. achievement 8. to establish 9. mother’s 10. though/although/while 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了清华大学精密仪器系博士生庞众望在逆境中成长、求学，虽未见证母亲生前期望的成就但仍积极乐观，并澄清网络谣言的故事。 1. 考查冠词。句意：庞众望，清华大学精密仪器系的一名博士生，于周六被评为“感动中国2024年度人物”之一。student为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且doctoral是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。 2. 考查动词时态。句意：庞众望1998年出生于河北省沧州市吴桥县，在艰难的环境中长大：父亲长期患病，母亲残疾，他自己也患有先天性心脏病。根据后文was chronically可知应用一般过去时。故填grew。 3. 考查介词。句意：庞众望1998年出生于河北省沧州市吴桥县，在艰难的环境中长大：父亲长期患病，母亲残疾，他自己也患有先天性心脏病。结合句意表示“患有”可知短语为suffer from。故填from。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管面临这些挑战，他仍然保持乐观，这归功于他母亲的鼓励。句中remained为谓语动词，credit在句中应用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语是前面的句子，两者构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填crediting。 5. 考查动词时态语态。句意：2017年，他被清华大学录取，后来成为精密仪器系的博士生。主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据后文In 2017可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was admitted。 6. 考查副词。句意：遗憾的是，他的母亲在亲眼见证他的成就之前就去世了。修饰后文整个句子应用副词sadly，作状语，首字母应大写。故填Sadly。 7. 考查名词。句意：遗憾的是，他的母亲在亲眼见证他的成就之前就去世了。空处作宾语，表示“成就”应用名词achievement，此处为不可数名词。故填achievement。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，网上有传言称，庞众望获得了一项300万元的研究奖金，并将全部奖金捐给了一个以其母亲命名的教育基金。句中存在谓语动词had received and donated；establish在句中应用非谓语动词形式，目的状语应用不定式。故填to establish。 9. 考查名词所有格。句意：周日，庞众望澄清说，他没有收到如此大的奖金，并补充说，他将继续努力，不辜负已故母亲的期望。此处作定语修饰名词expectations，表示“他母亲的”应用名词所有格mother’s。故填mother’s。 10. 考查连词。句意：庞众望的经历表明，尽管有挑战，但决心和努力工作可以带来成功。结合前后文语境可知为“尽管”之意，引导让步状语从句，故填though/although/while。 Passage 5 （2025·湖南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With a performance inspired by the Terracotta Warriors, the Chinese artistic swimming team 1 (conclude) their World Aquatics Championships campaign in Singapore on July 25, as they secured a gold in the team acrobatic event, bringing their total medal tally to four golds and three silvers in the tournament with gold medals in all three team events. 2 (wear) golden headbands symbolizing the legendary Monkey King, China’s artistic swimmers brought the myth 3 life in a powerful Wukong-inspired routine to win gold in the team technical event at the 2025 World Aquatics Championships last Tuesday. Their performance, 4 (base) on the popular Chinese video game Black Myth: Wukong, earned China 307.8001 points. Performing a routine titled “Soul of the Terracotta Army”, the Chinese team topped the preliminary (预赛) round 5 carried that momentum (势头) into the team acrobatic final, 6 they scored 229.0186 points to secure the gold. Chinese head coach Zhang Xiaohuan expressed immense pride in promoting Chinese culture on the international stage. “We never miss opportunities 7 (showcase) our culture on special platforms — it’s 8 (true) our greatest honor,” Zhang stated. “When performing Chinese-themed routines, five millennia of cultural heritage serves as our bedrock,” double Olympic artistic swimming gold medalist Wang Qianyi told China Daily and Xinhua on July 28. “Our culture gains global 9 (recognize), and we’re confident to embody and present 10 to the world through our efforts and performances.” 【答案】 1. concluded 2. Wearing 3. to 4. based 5. and 6. where 7. to showcase 8. truly 9. recognition 10. it 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是中国花样游泳队在2025年世界泳联锦标赛上的出色表现，以及他们通过融合中国传统文化元素的精彩表演，成功在国际舞台上展现中华文化魅力，并赢得多项金牌的振奋事迹。 1. 考查时态。句意：7月25日，中国花样游泳队以一场灵感源自兵马俑的表演，结束了在新加坡举行的世界游泳锦标赛征程，他们在集体技巧项目中斩获金牌，至此在本届赛事中收获4金3银，且包揽全部三个集体项目的金牌。此空考查谓语动词，the Chinese artistic swimming team与conclude为主动关系，再根据时间状语“on July 25”及后文“secured”、“brought” 等过去式动词可知，“结束征程”是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填concluded。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：上周二，在2025年世界游泳锦标赛上，中国花样游泳运动员头戴象征传奇美猴王的金色头带，以一套充满力量、灵感源自悟空的动作，将这一神话形象生动呈现，斩获集体技术项目金牌。此空考查非谓语，逻辑主语China’s artistic swimmers与动词wear之间为主动关系，再由语境可知，应用现在分词作伴随状语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Wearing。 3. 考查介词。句意：上周二，在2025年世界游泳锦标赛上，中国花样游泳运动员头戴象征传奇美猴王的金色头带，以一套充满力量、灵感源自悟空的动作，将这一神话形象生动呈现，斩获集体技术项目金牌。这里考查“bring...to life”，为固定搭配，意为“使……生动起来；使……焕发生机”，符合“将神话形象通过表演呈现”的语境。故填to。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的表演以中国热门视频游戏《黑神话：悟空》为蓝本，为中国队赢得307.8001分。此空考查非谓语，base与逻辑主语Their performance之间为被动关系（表演被基于游戏），再由语境可知，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填based。 5. 考查连词。句意：中国队以《兵马俑之魂》为主题的动作参加比赛，在预赛中拔得头筹，并将这一势头延续到集体技巧决赛中，最终以229.0186分夺得金牌。分析句子结构可知，“topped the preliminary round”与“carried that momentum”为并列顺承关系，应用and连接两个谓语动作。故填and。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：中国队以《兵马俑之魂》为主题的动作参加比赛，在预赛中拔得头筹，并将这一势头延续到集体技巧决赛中，最终以229.0186分夺得金牌。所填空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the team acrobatic final，指地点，且在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“我们从不错过在特殊平台上展示我们文化的机会 —— 这确实是我们最大的荣誉，”张晓欢说。这里考查opportunities to do sth，为固定搭配，意为“做某事的机会”，应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to showcase。 8. 考查副词。句意：“我们从不错过在特殊平台上展示我们文化的机会 —— 这确实是我们最大的荣誉，” 张晓欢说。所填空修饰系动词is，需用形容词true的副词形式truly，表“确实；真正地”，强调荣誉的真实性。故填truly。 9. 考查名词。句意：我们的文化获得了全球认可，我们有信心通过自己的努力和表演，向世界体现并呈现这种文化。所填空作gains的宾语，需用动词recognize的名词形式recognition，表“认可；承认”，为不可数名词。故填recognition。 10. 考查代词。句意：我们的文化获得了全球认可，我们有信心通过自己的努力和表演，向世界体现并呈现这种文化。分析句子结构可知，所填空指代前文提到的“Our culture”，为避免重复，应用代词it。故填it。 Passage 6 （2025·广东·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a factory workshop in Huangchuan County, central China’s Henan Province, skillful workers stretch pieces of dough (面团) very carefully. They press and turn the dough into thin strips (条), and then use wooden sticks 1 (pull) them apart gently. These strips are hung to dry, and finally they become the famous hollow tribute noodles (空心贡面) of the area. Liu Laiwang, representative inheritor of the noodles and boss of a local food company, says, “Making these noodles 2 (be) my work since my childhood. They’re a special cultural treasure of Henan, carrying the 3 (wise) of many past generations. We must keep this skill alive and pass it on.” Dating back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the noodle earned its name when it was presented 4 the emperor as a form of tribute. The noodles are made from high-quality wheat flour, sesame oil and salt, and 5 (they) production involves more than ten steps. The noodles are very thin, with a hole in the middle. When 6 (cook), they stay firm and don’t get soft or 7 (stick). In recent years, Huangchuan has 8 (active) expanded its noodle industry, aiming to achieve both social and economic benefits. Liu’s company alone operates a 5,200-square-meter standardized facility with an annual production capacity of 3,000 tons. It has helped over 1,000 local families get out of poverty 9 given jobs to nearly 2,000 workers. China has many such special cultural treasures, more than 40 of 10 have been put on UNESCO’s important list, more than any other country in the world. 【答案】 1. to pull 2. has been 3. wisdom 4. to 5. their 6. cooked 7. sticky 8. actively 9. and 10. which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在河南潢川县，工人们精心制作着历史悠久的空心贡面。这项唐朝传承下来的技艺，如今成为当地的文化瑰宝。传承人刘来旺积极守护这一传统。空心贡面是民族智慧的象征，值得我们共同珍视与传承。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们将面团压平并搓成薄条，然后用木棍轻轻地将它们拉伸开来。这里表示“用木棍的目的是轻轻地把面团拉成细条”，因此需用不定式作目的状语。故填to pull。 2. 考查时态。句意：刘来旺是这道面食的代表性传承人，同时也是当地一家食品公司的老板。他说：“从我小时候起，制作这些面条就是我的工作。”根据时间状语since my childhood再结合句意可知，这里要使用现在完成时态，表示“制作这种面条一直是我的工作”，强调从过去到现在一直持续的状态，且动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。故填has been。 3. 考查名词。句意：它们是河南特有的文化瑰宝，承载着众多先辈的智慧。作动词的宾语，用名词wisdom。故填wisdom。 4. 考查介词。句意：这种面条可以追溯到唐朝（公元618—907年），它之所以得名，是因为在当时它是作为贡品献给皇帝的。present sth.to sb.表示“把某物呈献给某人”。故填to。 5. 考查代词。句意：这些面条是由优质小麦粉、芝麻油和盐制成的，其制作过程包含十多道工序。修饰名词production用形容词性物主代词their，表示“它们的”。故填their。 6. 考查省略句。句意：经过烹饪后，它们会保持劲道，不会变软或变黏。when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，完整的从句是When they are cooked，省略了they are。故填cooked。 7. 考查形容词。句意：经过烹饪后，它们会保持劲道，不会变软或变黏。空处作表语用形容词sticky。故填sticky。 8. 考查副词。句意：近年来，潢川县积极拓展其面条产业，旨在实现社会效益和经济效益的双重目标。修饰动词expanded用副词actively。故填actively。 9. 考查连词。句意：它已经帮助了超过1000个当地家庭摆脱贫困，并为近2000名工人提供了工作机会。本句含有两个谓语动词：helped和given，再结合句意可知，这两个谓语动词之间是并列关系，因此，这里要填并列连词and。故填and。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：中国拥有众多此类独特的文化瑰宝，其中超过40件已被列入联合国教科文组织的重要名录，这一数量超过了世界上任何其他国家。本空所在句为非限制性定语从句，空处在从句中作介词of的宾语，先行词是treasures，指物，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。 12 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考核心语法·精练 第15讲 代词2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词基础用法表 此表格梳理三类基础代词的核心形式与句法功能，明确不同代词在句中的角色定位，是理解代词基本应用的基础框架，适配语法填空 “代词形式填写” 及句子成分分析类题型。 类型 人称 / 数 具体形式 句法功能 示例 人称代词 第一人称 - 单数 主格：I；宾格：me 主格作主语；宾格作宾语 / 表语 1. I am a student.（主格） 2. She helped me.（宾格） 第一人称 - 复数 主格：we；宾格：us 主格作主语；宾格作宾语 / 表语 1. We will go together.（主格） 2. He waited for us.（宾格） 第二人称 - 单 / 复数 主格：you；宾格：you 主格作主语；宾格作宾语 / 表语 1. You are my friend.（主格） 2. I know you.（宾格） 第三人称 - 单数 主格：he/she/it；宾格：him/her/it 主格作主语；宾格作宾语 / 表语 1. He is a doctor.（主格） 2. I saw her yesterday.（宾格） 3. It is a cat.（主格） 第三人称 - 复数 主格：they；宾格：them 主格作主语；宾格作宾语 / 表语 1. They are teachers.（主格） 2. I met them.（宾格） 物主代词 第一人称 - 单数 形容词性：my；名词性：mine 形容词性作定语；名词性作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 1. This is my book.（形容词性） 2. Mine is on the desk.（名词性） 第一人称 - 复数 形容词性：our；名词性：ours 形容词性作定语；名词性作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 1. Our classroom is big.（形容词性） 2. Ours is bigger.（名词性） 第二人称 - 单 / 复数 形容词性：your；名词性：yours 形容词性作定语；名词性作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 1. Is this your pen?（形容词性） 2. Yours is red.（名词性） 第三人称 - 单数 形容词性：his/her/its；名词性：his/hers/its 形容词性作定语；名词性作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 1. Her bag is new.（形容词性） 2. Hers is black.（名词性） 第三人称 - 复数 形容词性：their；名词性：theirs 形容词性作定语；名词性作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 1. Their house is small.（形容词性） 2. Theirs is near the park.（名词性） 反身代词 第一人称 - 单数 myself 作宾语 / 表语 / 同位语 1. I hurt myself.（宾语） 2. I am not myself today.（表语） 3. I did it myself.（同位语） 第一人称 - 复数 ourselves 作宾语 / 表语 / 同位语 We enjoyed ourselves at the party.（宾语） 第二人称 - 单数 yourself 作宾语 / 表语 / 同位语 Help yourself to some fruit.（宾语） 第二人称 - 复数 yourselves 作宾语 / 表语 / 同位语 You should behave yourselves.（宾语） 第三人称 - 单数 himself/herself/itself 作宾语 / 表语 / 同位语 She taught herself English.（宾语） 第三人称 - 复数 themselves 作宾语 / 表语 / 同位语 They devoted themselves to the work.（宾语） 注意事项： 1. 人称代词并列主语顺序：遵循 “第二人称→第三人称→第一人称”（如 you, he and I），不可颠倒； 2. 物主代词的 “词性区分”：形容词性物主代词后必须接名词（错误：my is...；正确：mine is...），名词性物主代词后不可接名词； 3. 反身代词的 “主语一致”：反身代词指代的对象需与句子主语一致（错误：She helped myself.；正确：She helped herself.），且不可单独作主语。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. My sister and ________ (me) will go to the cinema together to watch the new movie this weekend. 2. This beautiful dress is not ________ (she), but her mother’s. 3. The little boy taught ________ (he) how to play the piano when he was only five years old. 4. Our classroom is bigger than ________ (they), because there are more students in our class. 5. You, Tom and ________ (me) are responsible for organizing the school sports meeting next month. 二、it 的多功能用法表 此表格聚焦 “it 的特殊用法”，梳理其在人称指代、非人称指代、形式主 / 宾语、强调句型及固定词组中的应用，是代词模块的高频重难点，适配语法填空、单项选择等题型对 it 的综合考查。 类型 适用场景 核心规则 示例 人称代词 1. 指代性别不明的婴儿 /身份不明的人 2. 指代前文的 this/that 或复合不定代词（something/anything 等） 1. 不区分性别，统一用 it 2. 替代前文出现的单数事物，避免重复 1. Who is crying? It’s a baby.（代婴儿） 2. This is a new phone. It works well.（代 this） 3. She has something to say. It is important.（代 something） 非人称代词 1. 指代时间、天气、距离、温度等抽象概念 2. 用于固定句型 1. 无实际指代对象，仅作语法主语 2. 句型结构固定，需记忆搭配 1. It is 9 o’clock now.（代时间） 2. It is raining.（代天气） 3. It is 10 kilometers from here.（代距离） 4. It’s time to go.（固定句型） 形式主语 替代不定式、动名词或从句作主语，平衡句子结构 真正主语置于句末，句首用 it 作形式主语 1. It is easy to learn English.（代不定式） 2. It is no use complaining.（代动名词） 3. It is clear that he is right.（代从句） 形式宾语 用于 “动词 + it + 宾语补足语 + 真正宾语” 结构，真正宾语为不定式或从句 避免宾语过长导致句子头重脚轻，it 作形式宾语 1. I think it important to study hard.（代不定式） 2. She hates it when people talk loudly.（代从句） 3. We made it clear that we would come.（代从句） 强调句型 强调句子主语、宾语、状语（谓语除外） 结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that (who)...；被强调部分为人时可用 who 1. It was he who helped me.（强调主语） 2. It was yesterday that we met.（强调状语） 3. It is this book that I want.（强调宾语） 固定词组 口语或书面语中的固定搭配 词组含义固定，it 不可替换或省略 1. Take it easy.（别紧张） 2. Make it.（成功） 3. It all depends.（看情况） 4. Believe it or not.（信不信由你） 注意事项： 1. 非人称代词 it 的 “无指代性”：不可指代具体人或物，仅用于抽象概念（错误：The cat is cute. It is black. 此处 it 是人称代词，非非人称代词）； 2. 形式主 / 宾语的 “真正主语 / 宾语位置”：真正主语 / 宾语需置于句末，不可置于 it 之前（错误：To learn English it is easy.；正确：It is easy to learn English.）； 3. 强调句型的 “that/who 不可省略”：即使被强调部分是时间或地点，也不可用 when/where 替代 that（错误：It was yesterday when we met.；正确：It was yesterday that we met.）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. ________ is very cold today, so you’d better wear a thick coat when you go out. 2. ________ is important for us to develop good reading habits from an early age. 3. I find ________ necessary to communicate with our parents regularly to avoid misunderstandings. 4. ________ was my brother who helped me solve the difficult math problem yesterday. 5. ________ is no use complaining about the bad weather, because we can’t change it. 三、易混不定代词对比表 此表格针对 9 组易混不定代词，通过 “用法差异 + 示例” 明确区分规则，解决 “不定代词误用” 问题，适配语法填空及单项选择中的辨析类题型，帮助规避常见错误。 易混代词组 核心差异 示例（正确用法） some vs any 1. some：肯定句、表建议 / 请求的疑问句 2. any：否定句、疑问句、肯定句表 “任何” 1. I have some books.（肯定句） 2. Would you like some tea?（表建议） 3. I don’t have any money.（否） 4. Any student can join.（肯，表 “任何”） all vs both 1. all：指代三者及以上，可接可数 / 不可数名词 2. both：指代两者，仅接可数名词复数 1. All the students are here.（三者及以上） 2. Both of my parents are workers.（两者） every vs each 1. every：仅作定语，表 “整体”，不可接 of 短语 2. each：可作主语 / 宾语 / 定语，表 “个体”，可接 of 短语 1. Every student has a book.（作定语，表整体） 2. Each of us has a pen.（作主语，表个体） either vs neither 1. either：两者中任一，表肯定 2. neither：两者都不，表否定，后接单数谓语 1. Either of the two pens is mine.（两者任一） 2. Neither of them knows the answer.（两者都不） many vs much 1. many：修饰可数名词复数 2. much：修饰不可数名词 1. Many students like music.（可数） 2. There is much water in the bottle.（不可数） (a)few vs (a)little 1. (a) few：修饰可数名词；a few 表肯定（一些），few 表否定（几乎没有） 2. (a) little：修饰不可数名词；a little 表肯定（一点），little 表否定（几乎没有） 1. I have a few friends.（可数，肯定） 2. He has few books.（可数，否定） 3. There is a little milk left.（不可数，肯定） 4. She has little time.（不可数，否定） another vs others 1. another：三者及以上中的 “另一个”，后接单数名词或 “数词 + 复数名词” 2. others：泛指 “其他的人 / 物”，不可接名词，常与 some 搭配（some...others...） 1. I need another pen.（三者及以上另一个） 2. Some students are reading, others are writing.（泛指其他） one vs ones vs it vs that 1. one/ones：指代同类不同物（one 单数，ones 复数） 2. it：指代同一事物 3. that：指代单数可数 / 不可数名词，用于比较结构 1. This pen is old. I want a new one.（同类不同物，单数） 2. These apples are small. I want big ones.（同类不同物，复数） 3. The pen is mine. I like it.（同一事物） 4. The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.（比较结构） something vs anything vs nothing 1. something：肯定句表 “某事”，疑问句表 “请求 / 建议” 2. anything：否定 / 疑问句表 “任何事”，肯定句表 “无论何事” 3. nothing：表 “无事” 1. There is something wrong.（肯定句） 2. Do you have anything to say?（疑问句） 3. Nothing is impossible.（表否定） 注意事项： 1. 不定代词的 “数的一致”：如 each/neither/either 后接单数谓语（错误：Each of them are...；正确：Each of them is...）； 2. (a) few/(a) little 的 “肯定 / 否定”：带 a 表肯定，不带 a 表否定，不可混淆（错误：I have few friends.（表否定）→ 若想表肯定，需用 a few）； 3. one/ones 的 “指代限制”：仅指代可数名词，不可指代不可数名词（错误：I need some water. Give me one.；正确：Give me a glass of it.）。 【对点练习】选词填空 1. Could you please give me ________ (some/any) advice on how to improve my English writing skills? 2. ________ (All/Both) of my parents are doctors, and they are very busy with their work every day. 3. There is ________ (little/a little) milk left in the bottle, so we need to buy some more from the supermarket. 4. I don’t like this pen. Can you show me ________ (another/others) one? 5. ________ (Each/Every) student in our class has a new English dictionary provided by the school. 四、特殊代词（such/same/ 相互代词）用法表 此表格梳理易被忽视的特殊代词用法，明确 such、same 及相互代词的核心规则，补充基础代词外的高频考点，适配语法填空、书面表达中对特殊代词的灵活应用需求。 类型 核心规则 示例 such 1. 作代词：表 “如此的人 / 物”，可作主语 / 表语 2. 作形容词：修饰名词，表 “如此的” 1. Such is my plan.（作主语） 2. He is such a kind man.（作形容词） 3. Such were his words.（作主语） same 1. 必加定冠词 the，表 “相同的” 2. 可作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 / 定语 1. The same to you.（作表语） 2. We have the same idea.（作定语） 3. I did the same as him.（作宾语） 相互代词 1. each other：用于两者之间，表 “互相” 2. one another：用于三者及以上之间，表 “互相” 3. 不可作主语，仅作宾语 1. The two girls help each other.（两者） 2. The students help one another.（三者及以上） 3. They learn from each other.（作宾语） 注意事项： 1. such 的 “句型搭配”：such+a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词（错误：so a kind man；正确：such a kind man），so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词，不可混淆； 2. same 的 “the 不可省”：same 前必须加 the（错误：same as...；正确：the same as...）； 3. 相互代词的 “范围区分”：虽日常使用中 each other 和 one another 可通用，但严格语法中需按 “两者 / 三者及以上” 区分，正式语境建议遵循规则。 【对点练习】用（such/same/ 相互代词）填空 1. ________ is the truth that no one can change the fact that the earth goes around the sun. 2. The opinion he put forward is the ________ as mine, so we quickly reached an agreement. 3. The two friends haven’t seen each other for a long time, so they talked happily and learned from ________. 4. He is ________ a kind man that everyone in the community likes him very much. 5. We should help ________ in times of difficulty to build a harmonious class. 一、语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·江苏南京·一模）Interestingly, Chen found a young girl who said one of Zhang Yimou’s movie was her favourite because the romance between the two main characters was similar to of her own parents’. 2．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）Mr. and Mrs. Zhang work in our school. 3．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）When I look at this picture of myself, ... This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of (me) high school days. 4．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）She has been posting videos of (she) dressed in hanfu on the Internet, which has attracted many fans on Chinese lifestyle. 5．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）People shared their food, ice, and gasoline. People who still had power opened their homes to who had none. 6．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）“ made me feel that there were many things worth sharing in my life, and it also gave me a sense of mission,” she explains. 7．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）But Johan Stenevad, my host at Lapland Guesthouse, showed me else. One day, on a snowmobile path lined with tall trees on both sides, he turned off his engine and asked me what I saw. “Trees,” I answered. “A forest.” 8．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but didn’t help. 9．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of . 10．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Instead of having to choose one or the other, we can benefit from of the approaches. 11．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The little boy pulled right hand out of the pocket. 12．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The company plans to double the current number of domestic stores to nearly 12,000. To meet target, Sawbucks will start more stores at airports and supermarkets. 13．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The difference between a man who succeeds and who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. 14．（2023高三·上海·专题练习） is very common for students to be physically present in class，but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles. 15．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Over time, as the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so would cook more quickly. 1．（2025·江苏南京·一模）Interestingly, Chen found a young girl who said one of Zhang Yimou’s movie was her favourite because the romance between the two main characters was similar to of her own parents’. 2．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）Mr. and Mrs. Zhang work in our school. 3．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）When I look at this picture of myself, ... This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of (me) high school days. 4．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）She has been posting videos of (she) dressed in hanfu on the Internet, which has attracted many fans on Chinese lifestyle. 5．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）People shared their food, ice, and gasoline. People who still had power opened their homes to who had none. 6．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）“ made me feel that there were many things worth sharing in my life, and it also gave me a sense of mission,” she explains. 7．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）But Johan Stenevad, my host at Lapland Guesthouse, showed me else. One day, on a snowmobile path lined with tall trees on both sides, he turned off his engine and asked me what I saw. “Trees,” I answered. “A forest.” 8．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but didn’t help. 9．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of . 10．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Instead of having to choose one or the other, we can benefit from of the approaches. 11．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The little boy pulled right hand out of the pocket. 12．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The company plans to double the current number of domestic stores to nearly 12,000. To meet target, Sawbucks will start more stores at airports and supermarkets. 13．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The difference between a man who succeeds and who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. 14．（2023高三·上海·专题练习） is very common for students to be physically present in class，but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles. 15．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Over time, as the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so would cook more quickly. Passage 1 （2025·浙江·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the opening of the World Conference of Classics in Beijing, Martin Kern, a famous sinologist, advocated for 1 transformative role of cross-cultural study in understanding ancient civilizations. Kern argued that studying ancient China or Greece 2 (separate) limits the ability of scholars in classical studies to understand 3 makes each culture distinct, as well as the universal characteristics shared across civilizations. “If you only know about China, 4 only know about Greece, you will never know what is particular and special about either one and what 5 (share) with other ancient civilizations,” Kern said, 6 (emphasize) the importance of engaging in comparative scholarship. Kern shared how comparative study had reshaped his own work, as investigating Greek 7 (debate) on reading practices brought new insights to his research on early Chinese manuscripts (手稿). For him, cross-cultural dialogues are not simply supplemental (补充的) to 8 (specialize) research; they are essential for transforming scholars’ understanding of their own fields. “To know something about other cultures is to better understand 9 (one) own,” he commented. Kern said that without engaging with other civilizations, “we rob ourselves of fundamental insights into our own fields and civilization.” The incredibly rich traditions of ancient China, he added, can contribute a wealth of new perspectives 10 the study of other civilizations and global antiquity as a system. Passage 2 （2021·浙江卷·高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 2 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 3 （marry）ceremony in 1842. When the house was built, it was much 4 （small）than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home 5 （paint）white.” It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 6 （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order. Although Mary loved flowers, 7 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8 （plant）flowers in the front yard. 9 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two-story in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 （sell）most of their furniture. Passage 3 （2025·四川凉山·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We’ve all heard the same warning 1 looking at the phone or another screen before bed is very bad for us. It may make it harder for us to fall asleep and prevent us 2 (get) a good night’s rest. Most sleep 3 (doctor) suggest turning off screens an hour before bedtime. The reality is that cell phones, tablets, or TVs, which will produce blue lights, 4 (be) the last things we look at before we close our eyes. Screens in general have become 5 an important part of our lives that it can feel completely impractical to put them away earlier in the evening. Why is blue light 6 (particular) bad? At night, our brain starts to produce a hormone called melatonin (褪黑素), which helps us fall asleep. 7 (expose) to blue light will hold back melatonin production. The very specialized cells in the eyes that feed into our sleep system respond strongly to blue light in 8 (compare) to other types of light. Besides blue light, it’s also easy for us to be addicted to what we’re reading or watching, which leads to staying awake a lot 9 (late) than we should. Therefore, 10 is a smart idea to follow sleep doctors’ advice. Passage 4 （2025·四川凉山·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Pang Zhongwang, 1 doctoral student at Tsinghua University’s Department of Precision Instruments (精密仪器部), was named one of “Touching China’s 2024 Persons of the Year” on Saturday. Born in 1998 in Wuqiao county, Cangzhou city, Hebei province, Pang 2 (grow) up under difficult circumstances: his father was chronically (慢性地) ill, his mother disabled, and he himself suffered 3 congenital (先天的) heart disease. Despite these challenges, he remained optimistic, 4 (credit) his mother’s encouragement. “She smiled every day — so why should I feel sad?” he recalled. In 2017, he 5 (admit) to Tsinghua University, where he later became a PhD student in the Department of Precision Instruments. 6 (sad), his mother passed away before witnessing his 7 (achieve). In recent days, online rumors claimed Pang had received a 3 million yuan research award and donated the entire sum 8 (establish) an education fund in the name of his mother. On Sunday, Pang clarified that he had not received such a large bonus, adding that he would continue to work hard and live up to his late 9 (mother) expectations. Pang’s journey shows that 10 there are challenges, determination and hard work can lead to success. Passage 5 （2025·湖南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With a performance inspired by the Terracotta Warriors, the Chinese artistic swimming team 1 (conclude) their World Aquatics Championships campaign in Singapore on July 25, as they secured a gold in the team acrobatic event, bringing their total medal tally to four golds and three silvers in the tournament with gold medals in all three team events. 2 (wear) golden headbands symbolizing the legendary Monkey King, China’s artistic swimmers brought the myth 3 life in a powerful Wukong-inspired routine to win gold in the team technical event at the 2025 World Aquatics Championships last Tuesday. Their performance, 4 (base) on the popular Chinese video game Black Myth: Wukong, earned China 307.8001 points. Performing a routine titled “Soul of the Terracotta Army”, the Chinese team topped the preliminary (预赛) round 5 carried that momentum (势头) into the team acrobatic final, 6 they scored 229.0186 points to secure the gold. Chinese head coach Zhang Xiaohuan expressed immense pride in promoting Chinese culture on the international stage. “We never miss opportunities 7 (showcase) our culture on special platforms — it’s 8 (true) our greatest honor,” Zhang stated. “When performing Chinese-themed routines, five millennia of cultural heritage serves as our bedrock,” double Olympic artistic swimming gold medalist Wang Qianyi told China Daily and Xinhua on July 28. “Our culture gains global 9 (recognize), and we’re confident to embody and present 10 to the world through our efforts and performances.” Passage 6 （2025·广东·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a factory workshop in Huangchuan County, central China’s Henan Province, skillful workers stretch pieces of dough (面团) very carefully. They press and turn the dough into thin strips (条), and then use wooden sticks 1 (pull) them apart gently. These strips are hung to dry, and finally they become the famous hollow tribute noodles (空心贡面) of the area. Liu Laiwang, representative inheritor of the noodles and boss of a local food company, says, “Making these noodles 2 (be) my work since my childhood. They’re a special cultural treasure of Henan, carrying the 3 (wise) of many past generations. We must keep this skill alive and pass it on.” Dating back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the noodle earned its name when it was presented 4 the emperor as a form of tribute. The noodles are made from high-quality wheat flour, sesame oil and salt, and 5 (they) production involves more than ten steps. The noodles are very thin, with a hole in the middle. When 6 (cook), they stay firm and don’t get soft or 7 (stick). In recent years, Huangchuan has 8 (active) expanded its noodle industry, aiming to achieve both social and economic benefits. Liu’s company alone operates a 5,200-square-meter standardized facility with an annual production capacity of 3,000 tons. It has helped over 1,000 local families get out of poverty 9 given jobs to nearly 2,000 workers. China has many such special cultural treasures, more than 40 of 10 have been put on UNESCO’s important list, more than any other country in the world. 14 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $