第16讲 介词-核心语法 重难点专项突破 任务单 2026届高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

高考核心语法·精练 第16讲 介词2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、介词分类表 此表格梳理介词按 “结构” 和 “意义” 的两大分类标准，明确不同类型介词的具体范围和典型示例，是理解介词基本属性、区分介词功能的基础框架，适配语法填空 “介词类型判断” 及短语搭配题型。 分类 类别 核心特征 示例 按结构分 简单介词 由单个单词构成，使用频率最高 across, against, among, at, below, beyond, in, on 合成介词 由两个简单介词组合而成 into, onto, inside, outside, within, without 重叠介词 由 “介词 + 介词” 构成，表复合语义 from behind（从…… 后面）、except for（除了……）、in between（在…… 之间） 分词介词 由动词分词形式转化而来 concerning（关于）、regarding（涉及）、considering（考虑到）、including（包括） 短语介词 由 “介词 + 名词 / 代词 / 副词” 构成固定搭配，功能同单个介词 according to（根据）、apart from（除了）、because of（因为）、due to（由于）、owing to（多亏） 按意义分 时间介词 表示动作发生的时间点或时间段 at, in, on, for, before, until, till, since, from, to 地点介词 表示人或事物的位置、方位关系 at, in, on, along, above, below, over, under, beside 原因介词 表示动作或状态的原因 for, at, with, as the result of（由于…… 的结果） 方法介词 表示动作的方式、手段 with, by, for, in 进行介词 表示动作或状态的进行中 at work（在工作）、on fire（着火）、under construction（在建设中） 数量介词 表示数量、程度的比较或范围 over（超过）、above（多于）、by（相差）、to（到……） 注意事项： 1. 短语介词的整体性：短语介词需视为 “单个介词” 使用，不可拆分（错误：according the plan；正确：according to the plan）； 2. 分词介词的语义：部分分词介词（如 considering）易与现在分词混淆，需通过功能判断（作介词时后接名词 / 代词，如 considering his age；作现在分词时需接宾语从句，如 considering that he is young）； 3. 合成介词的拼写：部分合成介词为连写形式（如 into），不可拆分（错误：in to），需特殊记忆。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词 1. ________ (consider) his young age, he has done a very good job in the difficult task. 【答案】Considering 【解析】考查分词介词。句意：考虑到他年纪尚轻，他在这项艰巨的任务中表现得非常出色。“considering” 为分词介词，表 “考虑到”，符合语境，句首首字母大写，故填 Considering。 2. All the students, ________ (include) Tom, must hand in their homework before the deadline. 【答案】including 【解析】考查分词介词。句意：包括汤姆在内的所有学生必须在截止日期前交作业。“including” 为分词介词，表 “包括”，用于名词后，故填 including。 3. ________ (according to) the weather forecast, there will be a heavy rain in our city tomorrow. 【答案】According to 【解析】考查短语介词。句意：根据天气预报，我们城市明天将有大雨。“according to” 为短语介词，表 “根据”，句首首字母大写，故填 According to。 4. The little boy suddenly jumped out ________ behind the door and scared his sister. 【答案】from 【解析】考查重叠介词。句意：小男孩突然从门后跳出来，吓到了他的妹妹。“from behind” 为重叠介词，表 “从…… 后面”，故填 from。 5. We have to finish the project within three days, ________ (without) any delay. 【答案】without 【解析】考查合成介词。句意：我们必须在三天内完成这个项目，不能有任何拖延。“without” 为合成介词，表 “没有”，故填 without。 二、核心介词（against/by/with/for）用法表 此表格聚焦文档中高频考查的四大核心介词，梳理其多场景语义及典型示例，覆盖 “反对、方式、伴随、原因” 等核心功能，是解决介词灵活应用的关键依据，适配语法填空 “介词选择” 题型。 介词 语义类别 具体说明 示例 against 反对；赞成的反义词 表对某观点、计划的否定态度 Are you for or against the plan?（你赞成还是反对这个计划？） 违背；违反 表行为与规则、意愿相反 What he did is against the law.（他的所作所为违法。） 紧靠；倚着 表物体与另一物体紧密接触 Place the ladder against the wall.（把梯子靠在墙上。） 迎着；逆着 表动作方向与事物（风、水等）相反 We sailed against the wind.（我们逆风航行。） 撞击；碰着 表物体间的碰撞动作 The rain beat against the windows.（雨点拍打着窗户。） 映衬；对照 表某事物在另一事物衬托下更明显 The red flag looks bright against the blue sky.（红旗在蓝天映衬下很鲜艳。） by 时间：到…… 为止 by + 将来时间→主句用将来时；by + 过去时间→主句用过去完成时 We’ll finish by the end of this month.（我们月底前完成。）；By 2020, he had lived here for 10 years.（到 2020 年，他已住了 10 年。） 方式：通过；凭借 by + 交通工具（无冠词）；by+doing（表手段） He goes to work by bus.（他乘公交上班。）；Learn English by listening to songs.（通过听歌学英语。） 方位：在…… 旁边；沿着 表位置靠近或动作沿某路线 She stood by the window.（她站在窗边。）；Walk by the lake.（沿湖边走。） 被动：被；由 引导动作执行者，用于被动语态 He was knocked down by a bike.（他被自行车撞倒。） 原因：由于；因为 用于固定短语表偶然或疏忽的原因 I took your pen by mistake.（我误拿了你的笔。） with 伴随：和…… 一起 表动作发生时伴随的人或物 I went to the party with my friend.（我和朋友去派对。） 工具：用…… 表使用的具体工具，工具前有冠词 Cut the bread with a knife.（用刀切面包。） 特征：带有…… 表人或事物的外观、属性 a house with a red roof（带红屋顶的房子） 因果：因为；由于 表情绪、状态的原因 He trembled with fear.（他因害怕而颤抖。） 复合结构 表 “with + 宾语 + 宾补”，作定语或状语 With tears rolling down, she left.（眼泪滑落，她离开了。） for 原因：因为；由于 与表奖罚、闻名的词搭配 Xi’an is famous for its history.（西安因历史闻名。） 目的：前往；为了 表动作的目的地或目的 They left for Beijing.（他们动身去北京。）；She studies for the exam.（她为考试学习。） 支持：赞成；反义词 against 表对观点、计划的肯定态度 Are you for this decision?（你支持这个决定吗？） 时间 / 数量：持续；达 表动作持续的时间或数量范围 He waited for 2 hours.（他等了 2 小时。） 逻辑主语：对于…… 与不定式连用，引出逻辑主语 It’s dangerous for kids to cross the road.（小孩过马路很危险。） 注意事项： 1. against 的 “反对” 语义：需与 for（赞成）区分，不可混淆（错误：I’m for his idea = 我反对他的想法；正确：I’m against his idea = 反对）； 2. by 的交通工具搭配：by 后接交通工具名词时，不可加冠词或形容词（错误：by a bus；正确：by bus）； 3. with 与 by 的工具差异：with 后接 “有冠词的具体工具”（with a pen），by 后接 “无冠词的工具或手段”（by pen/by writing）； 4. for 的时间语义：for 后接时间段（for 3 days），since 后接时间点（since 2023），不可混用（错误：I’ve lived here since 3 years；正确：I’ve lived here for 3 years）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词 1. The brave soldier fought ________ the enemy bravely and won the battle finally. 【答案】against 【解析】考查介词 against。句意：这位勇敢的士兵勇敢地与敌人作战，最终赢得了战斗。“fight against” 为固定搭配，表 “与…… 作战”，故填 against。 2. People in this small village go to work ________ bike every day to protect the environment. 【答案】by 【解析】考查介词 by。句意：这个小村庄的人们每天骑自行车上班，以保护环境。“by + 交通工具” 表 “乘坐某种交通工具”，故填 by。 3. The old man always walks ________ a stick because his legs are not very strong. 【答案】with 【解析】考查介词 with。句意：这位老人因为腿不太好，总是拄着拐杖走路。“with” 表 “用…… 工具”，故填 with。 4. My parents have been married ________ 20 years and they still love each other deeply. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介词 for。句意：我的父母已经结婚 20 年了，他们仍然深爱着对方。“for + 时间段” 表 “持续多长时间”，故填 for。 5. The famous writer is known ________ his wonderful novels all over the world. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介词 for。句意：这位著名作家因其精彩的小说而闻名于世。“be known for” 为固定搭配，表 “因…… 而闻名”，故填 for。 三、时间介词用法表 此表格梳理文档中 “时间介词” 的核心场景，明确 at/in/on 等介词在时间表达中的分工，覆盖 “时刻、日期、时间段” 等高频场景，解决 “时间介词误用” 问题，适配语法填空 “时间类介词填写” 题型。 介词 适用场景 具体规则 示例 at 具体时刻；固定时间点 表某一具体时间点、固定时段或习惯时间 at 8:30 am（上午 8 点半）、at noon（中午）、at night（夜晚）、at Christmas（圣诞节）、at the moment（此刻） on 具体日期；特定日子 表具体某天、某天的上午 / 下午 / 晚上 on Monday（周一）、on July 1st（7 月 1 日）、on a cold morning（一个寒冷的早上）、on the evening of May 5th（5 月 5 日晚上） in 时间段；较长时间 表年、月、季节、上午 / 下午 / 晚上（无修饰） in 2024（2024 年）、in May（五月）、in summer（夏天）、in the morning（早上）、in the 21st century （21 世纪） for 持续时间 表动作持续的时间段，后接 “数词 + 时间单位” for 3 days（3 天）、for two years（两年）、for a few minutes（几分钟） since 从过去某时间点开始 表 “自从…… 以来”，后接过去时间点，主句用完成时 since 2020（自从 2020 年）、since last Monday（自从上周一）、since he left（自从他离开） by 到…… 为止 表 “不迟于某时间”，强调动作完成时限 by 5 pm（到下午 5 点为止）、by the end of the month（到月底为止） until/till 直到…… 肯定句 + 延续性动词（表动作持续到某时）；否定句 + 非延续性动词（表动作到某时才开始） He worked until midnight.（他工作到午夜。）；She didn’t sleep till he came back.（直到他回来，她才睡觉。） 注意事项： 1. in 与 on 的时段区分：“in the morning”（无修饰）用 in，“on a rainy morning”（有形容词修饰）用 on，不可混淆； 2. for 与 since 的时态搭配：for 后接时间段，可与任意时态连用；since 后接时间点，仅与完成时（现在完成时、过去完成时）连用（错误：I lived here since 2020；正确：I have lived here since 2020）； 3. by 的时态逻辑：by + 将来时间→主句用将来时；by + 过去时间→主句用过去完成时（错误：By next week, we finish the work；正确：By next week, we will finish the work）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词 1. The important meeting will be held ________ 9 o'clock ________ the morning of next Monday. 【答案】at; on 【解析】考查时间介词。句意：这个重要的会议将于下周一上午 9 点举行。具体时刻前用 “at”，具体某天的上午前用 “on”，故填 at; on。 2. Our school was founded ________ 1950 and has a long history of over 70 years. 【答案】in 【解析】考查时间介词。句意：我们学校成立于 1950 年，有着 70 多年的悠久历史。年份前用 “in”，故填 in。 3. He has been studying abroad ________ he graduated from high school three years ago. 【答案】since 【解析】考查时间介词。句意：自从三年前高中毕业以来，他一直在国外学习。“since + 过去时间点” 表 “自从…… 以来”，主句用完成时，故填 since。 4. We must finish all the preparation work ________ the end of this month. 【答案】by 【解析】考查时间介词。句意：我们必须在本月底前完成所有准备工作。“by the end of + 时间” 表 “到…… 结束时”，故填 by。 5. The little girl didn't stop crying ________ her mother came back home. 【答案】until 【解析】考查时间介词。句意：这个小女孩直到妈妈回家才停止哭泣。“not...until” 为固定搭配，表 “直到…… 才”，故填 until。 四、方位介词用法表 此表格梳理文档中 “方位介词” 的核心场景，明确 in/on/to 等介词在空间关系中的分工，覆盖 “范围、穿越、位置” 等高频场景，解决 “方位介词误用” 问题，适配语法填空 “方位类介词填写” 题型。 方位介词 适用场景 具体规则 示例 in/on/to/off 地域范围关系 in：在某范围之内；on：与某范围接壤；to：在某范围之外；off：与某范围隔小段距离 Guangdong is in the south of China.（广东在中国境内）；Korea is on the east of China.（朝鲜与中国接壤）；Japan is to the east of China.（日本在中国境外）；Islands are off the coast.（岛屿在海岸附近） at/in/on 地点大小 / 表面关系 at：小地点（门牌、车站）；in：大地点（城市、国家）；on：物体表面（接触） He lives at 105 Street.（住某街 105 号）；She arrived in Beijing.（到达北京）；The cup is on the table.（杯子在桌上） through/across/over 穿越动作关系 through：从内部穿过；across：从表面横穿；over：从上方跨越 Walk through the tunnel.（穿过隧道）；Run across the street.（横穿街道）；Jump over the fence.（跳过栅栏） between/among 多者间位置关系 between：两者之间；among：三者及以上之间（强调笼统群体） Sit between your parents.（坐在父母之间）；She is among the crowd.（她在人群中） above/below/over/under 上下位置关系 above：斜上方（不垂直）；below：斜下方（不垂直）；over：正上方；under：正下方 Birds fly above the clouds.（鸟在云层上方）；The cat is under the chair.（猫在椅子正下方）；A lamp hangs over the table.（灯在桌子正上方） 注意事项： 1. in/on/to 的地域范围：判断依据为 “是否属于该范围” 或 “是否接壤”，不可仅凭方向判断（错误：Japan is in the east of China；正确：Japan is to the east of China）； 2. through/across 的穿越差异：through 强调 “内部空间”（隧道、森林），across 强调 “平面表面”（街道、操场），不可混用（错误：Run through the street；正确：Run across the street）； 3. between 的特殊用法：若三者及以上强调 “两两之间”，仍用 between（如 Agreements between three countries. 三国间的协议），不可用 among。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词 1. The small island lies ________ the east of our city, about 100 kilometers away. 【答案】to 【解析】考查方位介词。句意：这个小岛位于我们城市的东边，大约 100 公里远。岛屿在城市范围之外，用 “to”，故填 to。 2. The naughty boy ran ________ the street without looking at the traffic lights. 【答案】across 【解析】考查方位介词。句意：这个调皮的男孩没看红绿灯就横穿街道。“across” 表 “从表面横穿”，故填 across。 3. The old man walked slowly ________ the forest with his grandson to pick mushrooms. 【答案】through 【解析】考查方位介词。句意：老人和他的孙子慢慢地穿过森林去采蘑菇。“through” 表 “从内部穿过”，故填 through。 4. There is a big table ________ the two windows in the classroom. 【答案】between 【解析】考查方位介词。句意：教室里两扇窗户之间有一张大桌子。两者之间用 “between”，故填 between。 5. A beautiful bridge was built ________ the river to connect the two villages. 【答案】over 【解析】考查方位介词。句意：一座美丽的桥建在河上，连接着两个村庄。“over” 表 “在…… 正上方”，故填 over。 五、易混介词（方式 / 原因 /“除了” 类）对比表 此表格针对文档中 “易混介词”，通过 “语义差异 + 示例” 明确区分规则，解决 “介词功能混淆” 问题，适配语法填空及单项选择中的辨析类题型。 类别 介词组 核心差异 示例（正确用法） 方式介词 by/in/with/on 1. by：无冠词交通工具 /doing（表手段）；2. in：语言 / 材料（in ink）；3. with：有冠词工具（with a pen）；4. on：媒体工具（on TV） 1. Go by bike.（乘自行车）；2. Write in English.（用英语写）；3. Cut with a knife.（用刀切）；4. Learn on the radio.（通过收音机学） 原因介词 for/at/with/from/of 1. for：与 famous/praise 搭配；2. at：与情绪形容词（angry/surprised）搭配；3. with：与情绪名词（anger/fear）搭配；4. from：自然 / 间接原因；5. of：自身原因（疾病等） 1. Famous for history.（因历史闻名）；2. Surprised at the news.（对消息惊讶）；3. Shout with anger.（气得大喊）；4. Sick from tiredness.（累得生病）；5. Die of cancer.（死于癌症） “除了” 类介词 besides/except/except for/but 1. besides：除了…… 还有（包含后者）；2. except：除了……（整体中除去同类）；3. except for：除了……（整体中除去不同类细节）；4. but：用于 nobody/nothing 等否定词后 1. Besides Tom, we all went.（除汤姆外，我们也去了）；2. All except Tom went.（除汤姆外，所有人都去了）；3. The room is empty except for a chair.（房间空荡，除了一把椅子）；4. I have nothing but a pen.（我只有一支笔） 注意事项： 1. 方式介词的工具修饰：by 后接交通工具不可加冠词（错误：by a bus；正确：by bus），with 后接工具必须加冠词或物主代词（错误：with pen；正确：with a pen）； 2. 原因介词的搭配限制：at 后仅接 “情绪形容词”（错误：at anger；正确：with anger），of 后接 “自身原因相关词”（如疾病、年龄），不可随意搭配； 3. “除了” 类的包含关系：besides 表 “包含除去的部分”，except 表 “排除除去的部分”，不可混淆（错误：Except Tom, I also went = 我和汤姆都去了；正确：Besides Tom, I also went = 我和汤姆都去了）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词 1. You can improve your oral English ________ practicing speaking with native speakers every day. 【答案】by 【解析】考查方式介词。句意：你可以通过每天和母语者练习口语来提高你的英语口语。“by+doing” 表 “通过某种方式”，故填 by。 2. The little girl was angry ________ her brother because he broke her favorite toy. 【答案】at/with 【解析】考查原因介词。句意：这个小女孩对她哥哥很生气，因为他弄坏了她最喜欢的玩具。“be angry at/with sb” 为固定搭配，表 “对某人生气”，故填 at/with。 3. ________ Tom, all the other students in the class have finished their homework on time. 【答案】Except 【解析】考查 “除了” 类介词。句意：除了汤姆，班上所有其他学生都按时完成了作业。“except” 表 “同类中除去”，故填 Except。 4. ________ the bad weather, we still decided to go on the picnic as planned. 【答案】Despite 【解析】考查原因介词。句意：尽管天气不好，我们仍然决定按计划去野餐。“despite” 表 “尽管”，后接名词短语，故填 Despite。 5. I have several friends in this city, ________ my classmate Lily who moved here last year. 【答案】besides 【解析】考查 “除了” 类介词。句意：我在这个城市有几个朋友，包括去年搬到这里的我的同学莉莉。“besides” 表 “除了…… 还有”，故填 besides。 六、高频介词短语表 此表格梳理文档中 “介词 + 名词” 固定短语及易混介词短语，明确短语语义和适用场景，适配书面表达及短语辨析题型，帮助规避 “短语拆分或误用” 的错误。 类别 具体短语 语义 示例 “介词 +名词” at + 名词 at war（交战）、at ease（自在）、at midnight（午夜）、at present（目前）、at length（详细地） He felt at ease with friends.（和朋友在一起很自在）；We are busy at present.（我们目前很忙） in + 名词 in trouble（困境中）、in danger（危险中）、in public（公共场合）、in advance（提前）、in turn（依次） She is in danger.（她处于危险中）；Book tickets in advance.（提前订票） on + 名词 on foot（步行）、on purpose（故意）、on sale（打折）、on fire（着火） Go to school on foot.（步行上学）；He did it on purpose.（他故意这么做） under + 名词 under control（受控）、under construction（建设中）、under repair（修理中）、under pressure（压力下） The project is under construction.（项目在建设中）；He works under pressure.（他在压力下工作） beyond + 名词 beyond belief（难以置信）、beyond description（难以形容）、beyond control（无法控制） The beauty is beyond description.（美景难以形容）；The fire is beyond control.（火势无法控制） 易混介词短语 in the end/at the end of/by the end of in the end（最后，无宾语）；at the end of（在…… 末尾，接时间 / 地点）；by the end of（到…… 末，接时间，主句用完成时） In the end, he succeeded.（最后他成功了）；At the end of the street, there’s a shop.（街尾有家店）；By the end of 2023, we had finished.（到 2023 年底，我们已完成） in front of/in the front of in front of（外部前面）；in the front of（内部前面） A tree is in front of the house.（房子前有棵树）；The driver sits in the front of the car.（司机在车前部） in charge of/in the charge of in charge of（负责……，主语是人）；in the charge of（由…… 负责，主语是物） She is in charge of the department.（她负责这个部门）；The department is in the charge of her.（部门由她负责） 注意事项： 1. 固定短语的完整性：不可遗漏介词或名词（错误：at present→at present 正确，不可说 at the present；错误：in advance→in advance 正确，不可说 in the advance）； 2. 易混短语的语境区分：in the end 无宾语，at the end of 必须接宾语（错误：at the end；正确：at the end of the month）； 3. 被动含义短语：in the charge of/in the possession of 表 “被动”，主语需为 “被负责 / 被拥有的事物”（错误：She is in the charge of the department；正确：The department is in the charge of her）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词 1. The new shopping mall is still ________ construction and will open to the public next year. 【答案】under 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：这个新的购物中心仍在建设中，明年将向公众开放。“under construction” 为固定短语，表 “在建设中”，故填 under。 2. The little boy is ________ trouble because he broke the window of his neighbor's house. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：这个小男孩有麻烦了，因为他打破了邻居家的窗户。“in trouble” 为固定短语，表 “处于困境中”，故填 in。 3. Our English teacher asked us to finish the composition ________ advance so that she could correct it. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：我们的英语老师让我们提前完成作文，以便她能批改。“in advance” 为固定短语，表 “提前”，故填 in。 4. The driver sits ________ the front of the car to control the direction and speed. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：司机坐在汽车的前部，控制方向和速度。“in the front of” 表 “在…… 内部的前面”，故填 in。 5. My mother is ________ charge of the sales department in the big company. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：我妈妈负责这家大公司的销售部门。“in charge of” 为固定短语，表 “负责……”，故填 in。 一、语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词 1．（2025·江苏南京·一模） its emphasis on friendship and parting, Auld Lang Syne expresses the spirit of New Year’s Eve, which is saying goodbye to one year so that another can begin. 【答案】With 【详解】考查介词。句意：《友谊地久天长》强调友谊与离别，表达了新年前夜的精神，即告别一年，迎接新一年的开始。“with +名词短语”结构，在句中作状语，表伴随情况。首字母大写。故填With。 2．（2025·江苏南京·一模） the introduction of the high-speed train service, travel between the two major cities has become much more convenient, to the point where it feels like you’re just a short trip away from another bustling metropolis. 【答案】Since 【详解】考查介词。句意：自从高铁服务的引入，这两座主要城市之间的出行变得方便多了，以至于感觉去另一座繁华大都市就像一次短途旅行。根据句意可知，表示“自从”，用介词since。首字母大写。故填Since。 3．（2025·江苏盐城·二模）She finished the difficult crossword puzzle record time and surprised everyone around her. 【答案】in/whin 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：她在创纪录的时间内完成了困难的填字游戏，让周围的每个人都感到惊讶。表示“在……内”，介词为in/within。故填in/within。 4．（2025·江苏盐城·模拟预测）These have won praise and criticism roughly equal measure. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：这些（事物/人）赢得了大致相等程度的赞扬和批评。in...measure为固定搭配，意为“在……程度上”。故填in。 5．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）The team then repeated the experiment, this time with dogs that were reunited with their owners being apart for five hours. 【答案】after 【详解】考查介词。句意：然后，研究小组重复了这个实验，这次是在分别5小时后与主人团聚的狗。根据句意可知，空处填介词after。故填after。 6．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention global water issues. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：她所有的跑步活动都有一个指导目的：呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。表示“关注”短语为call attention to。故填to。 7．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）It was transformed the “Ice Cube” for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, and detachable curling tracks were built on the swimming pool to host curling events. 【答案】into/to 【详解】考查介词。句意：为2022年北京冬奥会和残运会，将它改造成了“冰立方”，并在游泳池上建造了可拆卸的冰壶跑道，以举办冰壶比赛。根据句意可知，此处意为“转变为，改变为”，表达为be transformed into/to。故填into/to。 8．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）But the determined young man refused to let his condition prevent his thirst life and decided to take on a range of sports — tackling everything from rock climbing, football, ice hockey to swimming. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：但是，这位意志坚强的年轻人拒绝让他的疾病阻止他对生活的热爱，决定进行一系列运动——从攀岩、足球、冰球到游泳，无所不包。thirst for“渴望”是固定短语，故填for。 9．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）Their main weapons are clubs and poison-tipped arrows, used both hunting and protecting their territory against outsiders. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：他们的主要武器是棍棒和毒箭，用于狩猎和保护他们的领土不受外来者入侵。be used for doing sth“被用来做某事”。故填for。 10．（2022高三·上海·专题练习） the dozens of LEED-certified buildings in Taiwan, Taipei 101 is the most notable recipient. That’s because it is the tallest building in the world holding a LEED certification. 【答案】Among/Of 【详解】考查介词。句意：在台湾数十个LEED认证建筑中，台北101建筑是最著名的获奖者。由“the dozens of LEED-certified buildings in Taiwan, Taipei 101 is the most notable recipient”可知，句子表示“在台湾数十个LEED认证建筑中，台北101建筑是最著名的获奖者”，空格处意为“在……中”，应用介词among/of，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Among/Of。 11．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）As we emerge from the pandemic (大流行病), we’re starting to see the return of an age-old custom: the handshake. Many of us went shaking someone else’s hands for about two years. 【答案】without 【详解】考查介词。句意：随着我们从疫情中走出，我们开始看到一个古老习俗的回归：握手。我们中的许多人在大约两年的时间里都没有和别人握手。根据前文“As we emerge from the pandemic, we’re starting to see the return of an age-old custom: the handshake.”可知，因为疫情之前2年都没有握手，应用介词without。故填without。 12．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Live, high-detail satellite mapping could probably be used to keep tags on anybody at any time, the person’s knowledge. 【答案】without 【详解】考查介词。句意：实时的、高细节的卫星地图可能会被用来在任何人不知情的情况下，随时对任何人保持标记。根据句意可知，句中指“在人们不知情的情况下”，随时对任何人保持标记，故空格处应用介词“without”，意为“没有”，“without one’s knowledge”表示“在某人不知情的情况下”。故填without。 13．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）It started with things assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten characters from zip codes. 【答案】like 【详解】考查介词。句意：它开始于评估贷款申请的信用风险，通过阅读邮政编码中的手写字符来分类邮件。“assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten characters from zip codes”是对前面things举的例子，空格处意为“像，比如”，需填介词like。故填like。 14．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）76 participants different countries walked shoulder to shoulder through the performance zone in a program that greeted all the people around the world. 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：来自不同国家的76名选手肩并肩走过表演区，向全世界人民致意。分析句子结构，主语为“76 participants ____ different countries”，其中，“76 participants”与“different countries”之间的逻辑关系是：76名选手来自于不同国家。介词from表示“来自于”。故填from。 15．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Hundreds of thousands of people suddenly found themselves in the dark water, electricity, air conditioning, and internet. 【答案】without 【详解】考查介词。句意：成千上万的人突然发现自己身处黑暗之中，没有水、电、空调和网络。根据空前的in the dark可知，是没有水、电等的；根据其后water可知，空处为介词without，表示“没有”。故填without。 Passage 1 （2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 1 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should 5 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 6 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】 1. to catch 2. treasures 3. what 4. were 5. be done 6. its 7. for 8. completion 9. largest 10. which 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏，并为此做出了许多努力。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 2. 考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。 3. 考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。 4. 考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 5. 考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 6. 考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 7. 考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。 8. 考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 9. 考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。 10. 考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 【点睛】 Passage 2 （2023·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 1 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 2 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 3 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 4 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 5 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 6 (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 7 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 8 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 9 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 10 culture of grassroots Beijingers. 【答案】 1. and 2. originally 3. surrounded 4. were permitted 5. featured 6. spacious 7. simpler 8. as 9. events 10. the 【原文】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。 1. 考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。 2. 考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。 4. 考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。 5. 考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。 6. 考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。 7. 考查形容词比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。 8. 考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。 9. 考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。 10. 考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 【点睛】 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）★阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Labubu, a snaggletoothed forest sprite(精灵)from Kasing Lung’s “The Monsters”, has grown from a non-mainstream favorite to a globally 1 (collect) hit. This character, 2 gender and nine teeth serve as key identifying features, has managed to win the heart of art toy enthusiasts with its unique blend of cuteness and rebellious(反叛的) appeal. Pop Mart’s strategy—blind boxes, limited releases, social ads—made Labubu viral(爆火的). Labubu’ s success, 3 (fuel) by the promotion of celebrities like Lisa and Rihanna, shows no signs of slowing down. By 2024, The Monsters IP (centered on Labubu) 4 (earn) over 3 billion RMB, pushing Pop Mart’s global expansion. Labubu’s appeal spans Asia, with long lines at releases and extensive 5 (cover) in major media like BBC． The “blind box” format, plus unboxing videos and fan communities 6 (share) their finds, has created a cross-border collecting culture. Yet debates on overspending and gambling-like tendencies tied 7 the model exist. Labubu’s popularity brought fakes (“Lafufus”), so checks are key: nine teeth, good paint, even stitching, “Pop Mart/Kasing” carvings—details to avoid imitation 8 (product). Today, Labubu sparks talks on cultural influence, which is seen as China’s 9 (grow) soft power. Its journey from book to global icon shows design charm, storytelling power, and a character’s ability 10 (connect) worldwide. 【答案】 1. collectible/collectable 2. whose 3. fueled 4. had earned 5. coverage 6. sharing 7. to 8. products 9. growing 10. to connect 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述Labubu从绘本角色发展为全球收藏热潮，其成功归功于独特设计、盲盒营销和明星推广。它创造了跨界收藏文化并带来巨大收益，但也引发了过度消费的争议。Labubu的崛起被视为中国软实力增长的体现，展现了文化IP的全球影响力。 1. 考查形容词。句意：Labubu是卡辛·隆格所著《怪物》一书中的一种长着歪牙的森林精灵。它原本只是非主流作品中的一个小众宠儿，如今却已成为全球范围内广受追捧的热门角色。空格前是副词 globally，后面是名词 hit(成功的事物)。这里需要一个形容词来修饰 hit，表示“可收藏的爆款/热门藏品”。collect 的形容词形式为 collectible(美式英语常用)或 collectable(英式英语常用)，两者皆可。故填collectible/collectable。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：这个角色，其性别和九颗牙齿是关键识别特征，以其可爱与反叛魅力的独特融合赢得了艺术玩具爱好者的心。空格后是名词短语gender and nine teeth，整个句子是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰主语This character，并在从句中作定语，表示“它的性别和牙齿”，因此使用关系代词whose。故填whose。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：Labubu的成功，由像Lisa和Rihanna这样的明星推广所推动，没有放缓的迹象。“(fuel) by the promotion of celebrities like Lisa and Rihanna”作定语，修饰success， success与fuel(推动)之间是被动关系，意思是“成功被……所推动”。因此需要用fuel的过去分词形式 fueled 来构成过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动和完成。故填fueled。 4. 考查时态。句意：到2024年，The Monsters IP(以泡泡玛特为中心)已经赚取了超过30亿元人民币，推动泡泡玛特的全球扩张。句首的时间状语 By 2024 表示“到2024年为止”，这是一个典型的过去完成时(had + done)的标志。过去完成时表示动作在过去某一时间点(2024年)或动作(pushing)之前已经完成。赚取收入的动作在“推动全球扩张”之前就已经完成并持续产生影响。故填had earned。 5. 考查名词。句意：Labubu的影响力遍及整个亚洲，其作品一经发布便引得众多观众排队等候，各大媒体如英国广播公司也对其进行了广泛的报道。空格前是形容词 extensive(广泛的)，后面需要一个名词作宾语。cover 的名词形式是 coverage，意为“覆盖、报道”，extensive coverage 是常见搭配，指“广泛的媒体报道”。故填coverage。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“盲盒”模式，再加上开盒视频以及粉丝社群分享各自的发现，共同催生了一种跨地域的收藏文化。空格所在部分“fan communities _____ their finds”是and 连接的并列成分之一。fan communities和share是主动关系，即“粉丝社区分享他们的收获”，用现在分词短语sharing their finds作后置定语，修饰fan communities，相当于定语从句which share their finds。故填sharing。 7. 考查介词。句意：然而，关于与这种模式相关的过度消费和类似赌博倾向的争论依然存在。be tied to 是一个固定短语，意为“与……相关，与……有联系”。故填to。 8. 考查名词。句意：拉布布的走红导致出现了仿制品（“拉富夫”），因此检查工作至关重要：九颗牙齿的排列、良好的涂漆、甚至缝合处都要仔细检查，“波普马特/卡辛”雕像的这些细节是避免仿制品的关键所在。空格前是名词 imitation(仿制品)，它在这里起形容词作用，修饰空格处的名词。imitation product 或 imitation products 意为“仿冒产品”。由于是泛指一类产品，使用复数形式 products作宾语。故填products。 9. 考查形容词。句意：如今，拉布布事件引发了关于文化影响力的讨论，这被视为中国在提升自身软实力方面所取得的进展。空格前是名词所有格 China’s，后面是名词soft power。这里需要一个形容词来修饰 soft power。grow的现在分词growing可以转化为形容词，意为“增长中的、日益增长的”，China’s growing soft power表示“中国日益增长的软实力”。故填growing。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：从一本书到成为全球知名作品的这一历程，展现了设计的魅力、叙事的力量，以及角色跨越国界建立联系的能力。ability to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“做某事的能力”。空格处需要填入动词connect 的不定式形式to connect作定语。to connect worldwide 意为“与全世界建立联系”。故填to connect。 Passage 4 （2025·浙江·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 An exhibition at the Xingyun Art Gallery in Shenzhen is featuring artwork 1 (inspire) by knot-tying, or zhongguojie in Chinese, which originated in China over 2,500 years ago. Knot-tying is one of 2 most traditional handicrafts. The interweaving and looping of the ropes reflect the unique aesthetic and cultural connotations of the Chinese nation, according to Liu Xin, 3 is in charge of the exhibition. “The exhibition combines knot-tying culture, modern craftsmanship and contemporary art,” says Liu. “We hope to present the rather delicate knot-tying art and its cultural significance in a visual context, 4 initiate dialogues with decorative art, folk art and modernist art.” “In knot-tying, each step should aim for a 5 (harmony) and complete pattern. You try to 6 (skillful) manipulate the ropes and guide them to form the desired shape until a perfect knot is created,” explains Chen Yue, a knot-tying enthusiast among the visitors to the exhibition. “The crafter's patience and creativity 7 (demonstrate) during the knot-tying process, and any carelessness might lead to flaws,” she adds. “A masterful crafter always 8 (try) to complete the knot with a sense of precision and elegance as a way of respect 9 the art form.” Liu says that the symmetry of the knots, the beauty in the strategic arrangement of the ropes, and the flowing lines of the finished work motivated artists 10 (create) oil paintings, pottery sculptures, digitally-designed patterns and embroidery works for the exhibition. 【答案】 1. inspired 2. the 3. who 4. and 5. harmonious 6. skillfully 7. are demonstrated 8. tries 9. for 10. to create 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了深圳星云美术馆一场以中国结为灵感的展览，包括其融合的文化与工艺、负责人阐述的展览目的、参观者解读的中国结制作要求，以及中国结对展览艺术品创作的灵感作用。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：深圳星云美术馆的一场展览正展出以中国结（中文称“中国结”）为灵感创作的艺术品，中国结起源于2500多年前的中国。artwork与inspire之间是被动关系，此处表示“被……启发”，故用inspire的过去分词作后置定语。故填inspired。 2. 考查冠词。句意：中国结是最传统的手工艺品之一。此处特指“最传统的手工艺之一”，形容词最高级前需加定冠词the。故填the。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：负责此次展览的Liu Xin表示，绳子的交织与缠绕体现了中华民族独特的审美和文化内涵。先行词Liu Xin为人，非限制性定语从句缺少主语，需填关系代词who。故填who。 4. 考查连词。句意：“我们希望在视觉语境中呈现精巧的中国结艺术及其文化意义，并与装饰艺术、民间艺术和现代主义艺术展开对话。”Liu Xin说。present...与initiate...是并列关系，均为hope后的宾语，故用and连接。故填and。 5. 考查形容词。句意：在中国结制作中，每一步都应以打造和谐、完整的图案为目标。冠词a和名词pattern之间需填形容词作定语， harmony的形容词形式为harmonious。故填harmonious。 6. 考查副词。句意：你需要熟练地操控绳子，引导它们形成期望的形状，直到编出一个完美的中国结。动词manipulate需副词修饰， skillful的副词形式为skillfully。故填skillfully。 7. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：“制作者的耐心和创造力在编织中国结的过程中得以体现，任何疏忽都可能导致瑕疵。”她补充道。主语patience and creativity与demonstrate之间为被动关系，且讲述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are demonstrated。 8. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：一位技艺精湛的制作者总会力求以精准和优雅的感觉完成中国结，以此表达对这门艺术形式的尊重。主语crafter为单数，且描述普遍事实用一般现在时，try需用第三人称单数。故填tries。 9. 考查介词固定搭配。句意：一位技艺精湛的制作者总会力求以精准和优雅的感觉完成中国结，以此表达对这门艺术形式的尊重。respect后接介词for表示“对……的尊重”。故填for。 10. 考查动词不定式。句意：Liu Xin表示，中国结的对称性、绳子巧妙排布的美感以及成品流畅的线条，激励艺术家们为此次展览创作了油画、陶艺雕塑、数字设计图案和刺绣作品。motivate sb to do sth为固定搭配，表示“激励某人做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语。故填to create。 Passage 5 （2025·四川达州·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Shaolin Temple, located in Dengfeng, Henan Province, is one of the most famous Buddhist 1 (temple) in China. As the birthplace of Zen Buddhism (禅宗), it 2 (play) an important role in China’s religious history for over 1,500 years. In 464, 3 Indian monk named Ba Tuo arrived in China to spread Buddhism with Shaolin Temple, whose construction began in 495 under the orders of Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei Dynasty, 4 (prove) his success. It was from here 5 Indian scriptures were translated into Chinese and the general rules of Zen Buddhism formed. Ba Tuo is also reputed 6 (introduce) martial arts as a complementary practice to meditation (打坐)—a practice that developed 7 the highly skilled Shaolin kung fu. Shaolin Temple sits on the slopes of Mount Songshan, one of the Five Mountains in China. Great care 8 (take) to preserve symmetry (对称) in the temple’s design, all crucial buildings were constructed along the site’s central axis (中轴). The 9 (large) building of the complex is the Thousand Buddhas Hall, whose interior is 10 (beautiful) decorated with exquisite, well-preserved murals. In 2010, Shaolin Temple was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site along with several other historic monuments of Dengfeng that are clustered at the foot of Mount Songshan. 【答案】 1. temples 2. has played/has been playing 3. an 4. proving 5. that 6. to have introduced 7. into 8. taken 9. largest 10. beautifully 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了河南登封的少林寺，包括它在中国宗教历史中的地位、起源、发展，以及其建筑特点。 1. 考查名词复数。句意：少林寺位于河南省登封市，是中国最著名的佛教寺庙之一。“one of + the +形容词最高级 +可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”，temple为可数名词，所以此处要用复数形式temples。故填temples。 2. 考查动词时态。句意：作为禅宗的发源地，1500 多年来，它在中国宗教史上一直发挥着重要作用。根据时间状语“for over 1,500 years”可知，此处表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，可用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。现在完成时结构为“have/has +过去分词”，现在完成进行时结构为“have/has been +现在分词”，主语it是第三人称单数，所以用has played或 has been playing。故填has played/ has been playing。 3. 考查冠词。句意：公元 464 年，一位名叫跋陀的印度僧人来到中国传播佛教…… monk 为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一位印度僧人”，且Indian是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：公元 464 年，一位名叫跋陀的印度僧人来到中国传播佛教，北魏孝文帝于公元 495 年下令修建的少林寺证明了他的成功。此处为非谓语动词作状语，prove与句子主语an Indian monk之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词proving。故填proving。 5. 考查强调句。句意：正是从这里，印度经文被翻译成中文，禅宗的一般规则也在此形成。分析句子结构可知，此句为强调句，其基本结构为“It is/was +被强调部分+ that +其他部分”，此句强调地点状语from here，所以用that。故填that。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：跋陀也被认为是将武术作为打坐的辅助练习引入的人——这种练习发展成为了技艺高超的少林功夫。be reputed to do sth. 意为“被认为做某事”，根据语境，“introduce”这个动作发生在“is reputed”之前，所以要用不定式的完成式 to have introduced。故填to have introduced。 7. 考查介词。句意：跋陀也被认为是将武术作为打坐的辅助练习引入的人——这种练习发展成为了技艺高超的少林功夫。develop into为固定短语，意为“发展成为”，所以此处用介词into。故填into。 8. 考查独立主格。句意：在寺庙的设计中，人们非常注重保持对称，所有重要的建筑都沿着场地的中轴线建造。逗号前部分为独立主格结构，take与逻辑主语Great care 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词taken。故填taken。 9. 考查形容词最高级。句意：建筑群中最大的建筑是千佛殿，其内部装饰着精美且保存完好的壁画，非常漂亮。根据语境，此处表示在建筑群中“最大的”，要用形容词large的最高级形式 largest。故填largest。 10. 考查副词。句意：建筑群中最大的建筑是千佛殿，其内部装饰着精美且保存完好的壁画，非常漂亮。此处修饰动词decorated，应用副词形式，beautiful的副词为beautifully。故填beautifully。 Passage 6 （2025·浙江宁波·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Paper is important. Almost everyone in the world uses paper on a daily basis. Now, a new company in Ukraine, Releaf Paper, has found a way to make paper more 1 ( friend) to the environment—it uses leaves instead of tree pulp and wood to make paper. Cities from around Europe send 2 (waste) leaf litter from their streets to Releaf Paper. Then, using a series of mechanical and chemical 3 (process), the company is able to create one ton of cellulose (纤维素) 4 two point three tons of leaves. The material 5 is left over called lignin (木质素) and then is sent back to the cities 6 (use) as a sort of fertilizer. According to ZME Science, the process/sends out nearly 78 percent 7 (few) greenhouse gasses than the traditional paper producing model. In addition, regular paper needs about 270 days to decompose while paper made of leaves only 8 ( take) about 30 days. “Really, it’s a good solution because we are keeping the balance—we get fiber for making paper 9 return lignin for the cities to fertilize the gardens or trees. This is what we call it a win-win model,”said Valentyn Frechka, the founder of Releaf Paper. The hope is that in the coming years, the model will be able to expand to other countries worldwide, 10 (help) people deal with paper pollution. 【答案】 1. friendly 2. wasted 3. processes 4. from 5. that/which 6. to be used 7. fewer 8. takes 9. and 10. helping 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一家乌克兰公司利用落叶代替木浆生产环保纸张的创新方法，并阐述了其环保优势和循环经济模式。 1. 考查形容词。句意：如今，乌克兰一家名为Releaf Paper的新公司找到了一种让纸张更环保的方法——它用树叶代替木浆和木材来造纸。空处为形容词形式担当宾语补足语，意为“对环境友好的”。故填friendly。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：欧洲各地的城市会将街道上的落叶废料送往Releaf Paper公司。空处为非谓语动词形式担当定语，意为“废弃的”，用过去分词形式。故填wasted。 3. 考查名词的数。句意：之后，该公司通过一系列机械和化学处理流程，能从2.3吨树叶中提取出1吨纤维素。空处为名词形式担当宾语；根据“a series of”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填processes。 4. 考查介词。句意：之后，该公司通过一系列机械和化学处理流程，能从2.3吨树叶中提取出1吨纤维素。空处为介词形式，意为“从……中”，用介词“from”。故填from。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：剩余的物质被称为木质素，会被送回这些城市，用作一种肥料。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词“The material”在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：剩余的物质被称为木质素，会被送回这些城市，用作一种肥料。空处为非谓语动词形式担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式，且存在被动关系，表示“被用作”，故填to be used。 7. 考查形容词比较级。句意：据《ZME 科学》报道，这种工艺比传统的造纸模式少排放近78%的温室气体。空处为修饰名词用形容词形式；根据下文的than可知，空处为形容词比较级形式。故填fewer。 8. 考查谓语动词。句意：此外，普通纸张大约需要270天才能分解，而用树叶制成的纸张只需约30天。空处为从句谓语动词；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为paper，和动词take之间为主动关系。故填takes。 9. 考查连词。句意：Releaf Paper公司的创始人Valentyn Frechka表示：“说真的，这是一个很好的解决方案，因为我们保持了平衡 —— 我们获取造纸所需的纤维，同时将木质素返还给城市，用于给花园或树木施肥。这就是我们所说的双赢模式” 。空前“get fiber for making paper”和空后“return lignin for the cities to fertilize the gardens or trees”之间为并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们希望在未来几年里，这种模式能够推广到世界其他国家，帮助人们解决纸张污染问题。空处为非谓语动词形式担当结果状语，表示主句一句话所产生的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填helping。 18 / 28 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考核心语法·精练 第16讲 介词2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、介词分类表 此表格梳理介词按 “结构” 和 “意义” 的两大分类标准，明确不同类型介词的具体范围和典型示例，是理解介词基本属性、区分介词功能的基础框架，适配语法填空 “介词类型判断” 及短语搭配题型。 分类 类别 核心特征 示例 按结构分 简单介词 由单个单词构成，使用频率最高 across, against, among, at, below, beyond, in, on 合成介词 由两个简单介词组合而成 into, onto, inside, outside, within, without 重叠介词 由 “介词 + 介词” 构成，表复合语义 from behind（从…… 后面）、except for（除了……）、in between（在…… 之间） 分词介词 由动词分词形式转化而来 concerning（关于）、regarding（涉及）、considering（考虑到）、including（包括） 短语介词 由 “介词 + 名词 / 代词 / 副词” 构成固定搭配，功能同单个介词 according to（根据）、apart from（除了）、because of（因为）、due to（由于）、owing to（多亏） 按意义分 时间介词 表示动作发生的时间点或时间段 at, in, on, for, before, until, till, since, from, to 地点介词 表示人或事物的位置、方位关系 at, in, on, along, above, below, over, under, beside 原因介词 表示动作或状态的原因 for, at, with, as the result of（由于…… 的结果） 方法介词 表示动作的方式、手段 with, by, for, in 进行介词 表示动作或状态的进行中 at work（在工作）、on fire（着火）、under construction（在建设中） 数量介词 表示数量、程度的比较或范围 over（超过）、above（多于）、by（相差）、to（到……） 注意事项： 1. 短语介词的整体性：短语介词需视为 “单个介词” 使用，不可拆分（错误：according the plan；正确：according to the plan）； 2. 分词介词的语义：部分分词介词（如 considering）易与现在分词混淆，需通过功能判断（作介词时后接名词 / 代词，如 considering his age；作现在分词时需接宾语从句，如 considering that he is young）； 3. 合成介词的拼写：部分合成介词为连写形式（如 into），不可拆分（错误：in to），需特殊记忆。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词 1. ________ (consider) his young age, he has done a very good job in the difficult task. 2. All the students, ________ (include) Tom, must hand in their homework before the deadline. 3. ________ (according to) the weather forecast, there will be a heavy rain in our city tomorrow. 4. The little boy suddenly jumped out ________ behind the door and scared his sister. 5. We have to finish the project within three days, ________ (without) any delay. 二、核心介词（against/by/with/for）用法表 此表格聚焦文档中高频考查的四大核心介词，梳理其多场景语义及典型示例，覆盖 “反对、方式、伴随、原因” 等核心功能，是解决介词灵活应用的关键依据，适配语法填空 “介词选择” 题型。 介词 语义类别 具体说明 示例 against 反对；赞成的反义词 表对某观点、计划的否定态度 Are you for or against the plan?（你赞成还是反对这个计划？） 违背；违反 表行为与规则、意愿相反 What he did is against the law.（他的所作所为违法。） 紧靠；倚着 表物体与另一物体紧密接触 Place the ladder against the wall.（把梯子靠在墙上。） 迎着；逆着 表动作方向与事物（风、水等）相反 We sailed against the wind.（我们逆风航行。） 撞击；碰着 表物体间的碰撞动作 The rain beat against the windows.（雨点拍打着窗户。） 映衬；对照 表某事物在另一事物衬托下更明显 The red flag looks bright against the blue sky.（红旗在蓝天映衬下很鲜艳。） by 时间：到…… 为止 by + 将来时间→主句用将来时；by + 过去时间→主句用过去完成时 We’ll finish by the end of this month.（我们月底前完成。）；By 2020, he had lived here for 10 years.（到 2020 年，他已住了 10 年。） 方式：通过；凭借 by + 交通工具（无冠词）；by+doing（表手段） He goes to work by bus.（他乘公交上班。）；Learn English by listening to songs.（通过听歌学英语。） 方位：在…… 旁边；沿着 表位置靠近或动作沿某路线 She stood by the window.（她站在窗边。）；Walk by the lake.（沿湖边走。） 被动：被；由 引导动作执行者，用于被动语态 He was knocked down by a bike.（他被自行车撞倒。） 原因：由于；因为 用于固定短语表偶然或疏忽的原因 I took your pen by mistake.（我误拿了你的笔。） with 伴随：和…… 一起 表动作发生时伴随的人或物 I went to the party with my friend.（我和朋友去派对。） 工具：用…… 表使用的具体工具，工具前有冠词 Cut the bread with a knife.（用刀切面包。） 特征：带有…… 表人或事物的外观、属性 a house with a red roof（带红屋顶的房子） 因果：因为；由于 表情绪、状态的原因 He trembled with fear.（他因害怕而颤抖。） 复合结构 表 “with + 宾语 + 宾补”，作定语或状语 With tears rolling down, she left.（眼泪滑落，她离开了。） for 原因：因为；由于 与表奖罚、闻名的词搭配 Xi’an is famous for its history.（西安因历史闻名。） 目的：前往；为了 表动作的目的地或目的 They left for Beijing.（他们动身去北京。）；She studies for the exam.（她为考试学习。） 支持：赞成；反义词 against 表对观点、计划的肯定态度 Are you for this decision?（你支持这个决定吗？） 时间 / 数量：持续；达 表动作持续的时间或数量范围 He waited for 2 hours.（他等了 2 小时。） 逻辑主语：对于…… 与不定式连用，引出逻辑主语 It’s dangerous for kids to cross the road.（小孩过马路很危险。） 注意事项： 1. against 的 “反对” 语义：需与 for（赞成）区分，不可混淆（错误：I’m for his idea = 我反对他的想法；正确：I’m against his idea = 反对）； 2. by 的交通工具搭配：by 后接交通工具名词时，不可加冠词或形容词（错误：by a bus；正确：by bus）； 3. with 与 by 的工具差异：with 后接 “有冠词的具体工具”（with a pen），by 后接 “无冠词的工具或手段”（by pen/by writing）； 4. for 的时间语义：for 后接时间段（for 3 days），since 后接时间点（since 2023），不可混用（错误：I’ve lived here since 3 years；正确：I’ve lived here for 3 years）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词 1. The brave soldier fought ________ the enemy bravely and won the battle finally. 2. People in this small village go to work ________ bike every day to protect the environment. 3. The old man always walks ________ a stick because his legs are not very strong. 4. My parents have been married ________ 20 years and they still love each other deeply. 5. The famous writer is known ________ his wonderful novels all over the world. 三、时间介词用法表 此表格梳理文档中 “时间介词” 的核心场景，明确 at/in/on 等介词在时间表达中的分工，覆盖 “时刻、日期、时间段” 等高频场景，解决 “时间介词误用” 问题，适配语法填空 “时间类介词填写” 题型。 介词 适用场景 具体规则 示例 at 具体时刻；固定时间点 表某一具体时间点、固定时段或习惯时间 at 8:30 am（上午 8 点半）、at noon（中午）、at night（夜晚）、at Christmas（圣诞节）、at the moment（此刻） on 具体日期；特定日子 表具体某天、某天的上午 / 下午 / 晚上 on Monday（周一）、on July 1st（7 月 1 日）、on a cold morning（一个寒冷的早上）、on the evening of May 5th（5 月 5 日晚上） in 时间段；较长时间 表年、月、季节、上午 / 下午 / 晚上（无修饰） in 2024（2024 年）、in May（五月）、in summer（夏天）、in the morning（早上）、in the 21st century （21 世纪） for 持续时间 表动作持续的时间段，后接 “数词 + 时间单位” for 3 days（3 天）、for two years（两年）、for a few minutes（几分钟） since 从过去某时间点开始 表 “自从…… 以来”，后接过去时间点，主句用完成时 since 2020（自从 2020 年）、since last Monday（自从上周一）、since he left（自从他离开） by 到…… 为止 表 “不迟于某时间”，强调动作完成时限 by 5 pm（到下午 5 点为止）、by the end of the month（到月底为止） until/till 直到…… 肯定句 + 延续性动词（表动作持续到某时）；否定句 + 非延续性动词（表动作到某时才开始） He worked until midnight.（他工作到午夜。）；She didn’t sleep till he came back.（直到他回来，她才睡觉。） 注意事项： 1. in 与 on 的时段区分：“in the morning”（无修饰）用 in，“on a rainy morning”（有形容词修饰）用 on，不可混淆； 2. for 与 since 的时态搭配：for 后接时间段，可与任意时态连用；since 后接时间点，仅与完成时（现在完成时、过去完成时）连用（错误：I lived here since 2020；正确：I have lived here since 2020）； 3. by 的时态逻辑：by + 将来时间→主句用将来时；by + 过去时间→主句用过去完成时（错误：By next week, we finish the work；正确：By next week, we will finish the work）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词 1. The important meeting will be held ________ 9 o'clock ________ the morning of next Monday. 2. Our school was founded ________ 1950 and has a long history of over 70 years. 3. He has been studying abroad ________ he graduated from high school three years ago. 4. We must finish all the preparation work ________ the end of this month. 5. The little girl didn't stop crying ________ her mother came back home. 四、方位介词用法表 此表格梳理文档中 “方位介词” 的核心场景，明确 in/on/to 等介词在空间关系中的分工，覆盖 “范围、穿越、位置” 等高频场景，解决 “方位介词误用” 问题，适配语法填空 “方位类介词填写” 题型。 方位介词 适用场景 具体规则 示例 in/on/to/off 地域范围关系 in：在某范围之内；on：与某范围接壤；to：在某范围之外；off：与某范围隔小段距离 Guangdong is in the south of China.（广东在中国境内）；Korea is on the east of China.（朝鲜与中国接壤）；Japan is to the east of China.（日本在中国境外）；Islands are off the coast.（岛屿在海岸附近） at/in/on 地点大小 / 表面关系 at：小地点（门牌、车站）；in：大地点（城市、国家）；on：物体表面（接触） He lives at 105 Street.（住某街 105 号）；She arrived in Beijing.（到达北京）；The cup is on the table.（杯子在桌上） through/across/over 穿越动作关系 through：从内部穿过；across：从表面横穿；over：从上方跨越 Walk through the tunnel.（穿过隧道）；Run across the street.（横穿街道）；Jump over the fence.（跳过栅栏） between/among 多者间位置关系 between：两者之间；among：三者及以上之间（强调笼统群体） Sit between your parents.（坐在父母之间）；She is among the crowd.（她在人群中） above/below/over/under 上下位置关系 above：斜上方（不垂直）；below：斜下方（不垂直）；over：正上方；under：正下方 Birds fly above the clouds.（鸟在云层上方）；The cat is under the chair.（猫在椅子正下方）；A lamp hangs over the table.（灯在桌子正上方） 注意事项： 1. in/on/to 的地域范围：判断依据为 “是否属于该范围” 或 “是否接壤”，不可仅凭方向判断（错误：Japan is in the east of China；正确：Japan is to the east of China）； 2. through/across 的穿越差异：through 强调 “内部空间”（隧道、森林），across 强调 “平面表面”（街道、操场），不可混用（错误：Run through the street；正确：Run across the street）； 3. between 的特殊用法：若三者及以上强调 “两两之间”，仍用 between（如 Agreements between three countries. 三国间的协议），不可用 among。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词 1. The small island lies ________ the east of our city, about 100 kilometers away. 2. The naughty boy ran ________ the street without looking at the traffic lights. 3. The old man walked slowly ________ the forest with his grandson to pick mushrooms. 4. There is a big table ________ the two windows in the classroom. 5. A beautiful bridge was built ________ the river to connect the two villages. 五、易混介词（方式 / 原因 /“除了” 类）对比表 此表格针对文档中 “易混介词”，通过 “语义差异 + 示例” 明确区分规则，解决 “介词功能混淆” 问题，适配语法填空及单项选择中的辨析类题型。 类别 介词组 核心差异 示例（正确用法） 方式介词 by/in/with/on 1. by：无冠词交通工具 /doing（表手段）；2. in：语言 / 材料（in ink）；3. with：有冠词工具（with a pen）；4. on：媒体工具（on TV） 1. Go by bike.（乘自行车）；2. Write in English.（用英语写）；3. Cut with a knife.（用刀切）；4. Learn on the radio.（通过收音机学） 原因介词 for/at/with/from/of 1. for：与 famous/praise 搭配；2. at：与情绪形容词（angry/surprised）搭配；3. with：与情绪名词（anger/fear）搭配；4. from：自然 / 间接原因；5. of：自身原因（疾病等） 1. Famous for history.（因历史闻名）；2. Surprised at the news.（对消息惊讶）；3. Shout with anger.（气得大喊）；4. Sick from tiredness.（累得生病）；5. Die of cancer.（死于癌症） “除了” 类介词 besides/except/except for/but 1. besides：除了…… 还有（包含后者）；2. except：除了……（整体中除去同类）；3. except for：除了……（整体中除去不同类细节）；4. but：用于 nobody/nothing 等否定词后 1. Besides Tom, we all went.（除汤姆外，我们也去了）；2. All except Tom went.（除汤姆外，所有人都去了）；3. The room is empty except for a chair.（房间空荡，除了一把椅子）；4. I have nothing but a pen.（我只有一支笔） 注意事项： 1. 方式介词的工具修饰：by 后接交通工具不可加冠词（错误：by a bus；正确：by bus），with 后接工具必须加冠词或物主代词（错误：with pen；正确：with a pen）； 2. 原因介词的搭配限制：at 后仅接 “情绪形容词”（错误：at anger；正确：with anger），of 后接 “自身原因相关词”（如疾病、年龄），不可随意搭配； 3. “除了” 类的包含关系：besides 表 “包含除去的部分”，except 表 “排除除去的部分”，不可混淆（错误：Except Tom, I also went = 我和汤姆都去了；正确：Besides Tom, I also went = 我和汤姆都去了）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词 1. You can improve your oral English ________ practicing speaking with native speakers every day. 2. The little girl was angry ________ her brother because he broke her favorite toy. 3. ________ Tom, all the other students in the class have finished their homework on time. 4. ________ the bad weather, we still decided to go on the picnic as planned. 5. I have several friends in this city, ________ my classmate Lily who moved here last year. 六、高频介词短语表 此表格梳理文档中 “介词 + 名词” 固定短语及易混介词短语，明确短语语义和适用场景，适配书面表达及短语辨析题型，帮助规避 “短语拆分或误用” 的错误。 类别 具体短语 语义 示例 “介词 +名词” at + 名词 at war（交战）、at ease（自在）、at midnight（午夜）、at present（目前）、at length（详细地） He felt at ease with friends.（和朋友在一起很自在）；We are busy at present.（我们目前很忙） in + 名词 in trouble（困境中）、in danger（危险中）、in public（公共场合）、in advance（提前）、in turn（依次） She is in danger.（她处于危险中）；Book tickets in advance.（提前订票） on + 名词 on foot（步行）、on purpose（故意）、on sale（打折）、on fire（着火） Go to school on foot.（步行上学）；He did it on purpose.（他故意这么做） under + 名词 under control（受控）、under construction（建设中）、under repair（修理中）、under pressure（压力下） The project is under construction.（项目在建设中）；He works under pressure.（他在压力下工作） beyond + 名词 beyond belief（难以置信）、beyond description（难以形容）、beyond control（无法控制） The beauty is beyond description.（美景难以形容）；The fire is beyond control.（火势无法控制） 易混介词短语 in the end/at the end of/by the end of in the end（最后，无宾语）；at the end of（在…… 末尾，接时间 / 地点）；by the end of（到…… 末，接时间，主句用完成时） In the end, he succeeded.（最后他成功了）；At the end of the street, there’s a shop.（街尾有家店）；By the end of 2023, we had finished.（到 2023 年底，我们已完成） in front of/in the front of in front of（外部前面）；in the front of（内部前面） A tree is in front of the house.（房子前有棵树）；The driver sits in the front of the car.（司机在车前部） in charge of/in the charge of in charge of（负责……，主语是人）；in the charge of（由…… 负责，主语是物） She is in charge of the department.（她负责这个部门）；The department is in the charge of her.（部门由她负责） 注意事项： 1. 固定短语的完整性：不可遗漏介词或名词（错误：at present→at present 正确，不可说 at the present；错误：in advance→in advance 正确，不可说 in the advance）； 2. 易混短语的语境区分：in the end 无宾语，at the end of 必须接宾语（错误：at the end；正确：at the end of the month）； 3. 被动含义短语：in the charge of/in the possession of 表 “被动”，主语需为 “被负责 / 被拥有的事物”（错误：She is in the charge of the department；正确：The department is in the charge of her）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词 1. The new shopping mall is still ________ construction and will open to the public next year. 2. The little boy is ________ trouble because he broke the window of his neighbor's house. 3. Our English teacher asked us to finish the composition ________ advance so that she could correct it. 4. The driver sits ________ the front of the car to control the direction and speed. 5. My mother is ________ charge of the sales department in the big company. 一、语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词 1．（2025·江苏南京·一模） its emphasis on friendship and parting, Auld Lang Syne expresses the spirit of New Year’s Eve, which is saying goodbye to one year so that another can begin. 2．（2025·江苏南京·一模） the introduction of the high-speed train service, travel between the two major cities has become much more convenient, to the point where it feels like you’re just a short trip away from another bustling metropolis. 3．（2025·江苏盐城·二模）She finished the difficult crossword puzzle record time and surprised everyone around her. 4．（2025·江苏盐城·模拟预测）These have won praise and criticism roughly equal measure. 5．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）The team then repeated the experiment, this time with dogs that were reunited with their owners being apart for five hours. 6．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention global water issues. 7．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）It was transformed the “Ice Cube” for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, and detachable curling tracks were built on the swimming pool to host curling events. 8．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）But the determined young man refused to let his condition prevent his thirst life and decided to take on a range of sports — tackling everything from rock climbing, football, ice hockey to swimming. 9．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）Their main weapons are clubs and poison-tipped arrows, used both hunting and protecting their territory against outsiders. 10．（2022高三·上海·专题练习） the dozens of LEED-certified buildings in Taiwan, Taipei 101 is the most notable recipient. That’s because it is the tallest building in the world holding a LEED certification. 11．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）As we emerge from the pandemic (大流行病), we’re starting to see the return of an age-old custom: the handshake. Many of us went shaking someone else’s hands for about two years. 12．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Live, high-detail satellite mapping could probably be used to keep tags on anybody at any time, the person’s knowledge. 13．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）It started with things assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten characters from zip codes. 14．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）76 participants different countries walked shoulder to shoulder through the performance zone in a program that greeted all the people around the world. 15．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Hundreds of thousands of people suddenly found themselves in the dark water, electricity, air conditioning, and internet. Passage 1 （2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 1 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should 5 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 6 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. Passage 2 （2023·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 1 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 2 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 3 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 4 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 5 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 6 (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 7 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 8 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 9 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 10 culture of grassroots Beijingers. Passage 3 （25-26高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Labubu, a snaggletoothed forest sprite(精灵)from Kasing Lung’s “The Monsters”, has grown from a non-mainstream favorite to a globally 1 (collect) hit. This character, 2 gender and nine teeth serve as key identifying features, has managed to win the heart of art toy enthusiasts with its unique blend of cuteness and rebellious(反叛的) appeal. Pop Mart’s strategy—blind boxes, limited releases, social ads—made Labubu viral(爆火的). Labubu’ s success, 3 (fuel) by the promotion of celebrities like Lisa and Rihanna, shows no signs of slowing down. By 2024, The Monsters IP (centered on Labubu) 4 (earn) over 3 billion RMB, pushing Pop Mart’s global expansion. Labubu’s appeal spans Asia, with long lines at releases and extensive 5 (cover) in major media like BBC． The “blind box” format, plus unboxing videos and fan communities 6 (share) their finds, has created a cross-border collecting culture. Yet debates on overspending and gambling-like tendencies tied 7 the model exist. Labubu’s popularity brought fakes (“Lafufus”), so checks are key: nine teeth, good paint, even stitching, “Pop Mart/Kasing” carvings—details to avoid imitation 8 (product). Today, Labubu sparks talks on cultural influence, which is seen as China’s 9 (grow) soft power. Its journey from book to global icon shows design charm, storytelling power, and a character’s ability 10 (connect) worldwide. Passage 4 （2025·浙江·一模）阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 An exhibition at the Xingyun Art Gallery in Shenzhen is featuring artwork 1 (inspire) by knot-tying, or zhongguojie in Chinese, which originated in China over 2,500 years ago. Knot-tying is one of 2 most traditional handicrafts. The interweaving and looping of the ropes reflect the unique aesthetic and cultural connotations of the Chinese nation, according to Liu Xin, 3 is in charge of the exhibition. “The exhibition combines knot-tying culture, modern craftsmanship and contemporary art,” says Liu. “We hope to present the rather delicate knot-tying art and its cultural significance in a visual context, 4 initiate dialogues with decorative art, folk art and modernist art.” “In knot-tying, each step should aim for a 5 (harmony) and complete pattern. You try to 6 (skillful) manipulate the ropes and guide them to form the desired shape until a perfect knot is created,” explains Chen Yue, a knot-tying enthusiast among the visitors to the exhibition. “The crafter's patience and creativity 7 (demonstrate) during the knot-tying process, and any carelessness might lead to flaws,” she adds. “A masterful crafter always 8 (try) to complete the knot with a sense of precision and elegance as a way of respect 9 the art form.” Liu says that the symmetry of the knots, the beauty in the strategic arrangement of the ropes, and the flowing lines of the finished work motivated artists 10 (create) oil paintings, pottery sculptures, digitally-designed patterns and embroidery works for the exhibition. Passage 5 （2025·四川达州·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Shaolin Temple, located in Dengfeng, Henan Province, is one of the most famous Buddhist 1 (temple) in China. As the birthplace of Zen Buddhism (禅宗), it 2 (play) an important role in China’s religious history for over 1,500 years. In 464, 3 Indian monk named Ba Tuo arrived in China to spread Buddhism with Shaolin Temple, whose construction began in 495 under the orders of Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei Dynasty, 4 (prove) his success. It was from here 5 Indian scriptures were translated into Chinese and the general rules of Zen Buddhism formed. Ba Tuo is also reputed 6 (introduce) martial arts as a complementary practice to meditation (打坐)—a practice that developed 7 the highly skilled Shaolin kung fu. Shaolin Temple sits on the slopes of Mount Songshan, one of the Five Mountains in China. Great care 8 (take) to preserve symmetry (对称) in the temple’s design, all crucial buildings were constructed along the site’s central axis (中轴). The 9 (large) building of the complex is the Thousand Buddhas Hall, whose interior is 10 (beautiful) decorated with exquisite, well-preserved murals. In 2010, Shaolin Temple was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site along with several other historic monuments of Dengfeng that are clustered at the foot of Mount Songshan. Passage 6 （2025·浙江宁波·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Paper is important. Almost everyone in the world uses paper on a daily basis. Now, a new company in Ukraine, Releaf Paper, has found a way to make paper more 1 ( friend) to the environment—it uses leaves instead of tree pulp and wood to make paper. Cities from around Europe send 2 (waste) leaf litter from their streets to Releaf Paper. Then, using a series of mechanical and chemical 3 (process), the company is able to create one ton of cellulose (纤维素) 4 two point three tons of leaves. The material 5 is left over called lignin (木质素) and then is sent back to the cities 6 (use) as a sort of fertilizer. According to ZME Science, the process/sends out nearly 78 percent 7 (few) greenhouse gasses than the traditional paper producing model. In addition, regular paper needs about 270 days to decompose while paper made of leaves only 8 ( take) about 30 days. “Really, it’s a good solution because we are keeping the balance—we get fiber for making paper 9 return lignin for the cities to fertilize the gardens or trees. This is what we call it a win-win model,”said Valentyn Frechka, the founder of Releaf Paper. The hope is that in the coming years, the model will be able to expand to other countries worldwide, 10 (help) people deal with paper pollution. 16 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $