Unit 6 Period 6 课时学案 写作(Writing)-【名师导航】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语太空生活主题记叙文写作，系统构建“写作框架（开头引出事件、主体描述经过、结尾发表感想）-常用表达积累（如as原因状语从句、非限制性定语从句）-审题构思到连句成篇”的学习支架，衔接句式升级（独立主格结构、分词作定语）与词汇拓展（astronaut, gravity等），形成完整写作训练脉络。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过“基础句（如‘起床后吃早餐’）-句式升级（如用非限制性定语从句合并句子）-范文仿写（李华太空日志、火星之旅）”分层训练，提升学生逻辑组织与细节拓展能力。课中辅助教师实施“输入-内化-输出”教学法，课后搭配词汇表和语法题，助力学生巩固写作技巧，弥补表达短板。

Period 6　 写作(Writing) 写一篇关于太空生活的日志 太空生活日志属于记叙文。这种日志应该按时间顺序展开，记述一天中发生的事情，但要注意详略得当；要能引起读者的兴趣，让他们了解太空生活的挑战性和不寻常之处。 一、基本框架 1．开头：引出事件； 2．主体：详细描述事情经过； 3．结尾：发表感想。 二、常用表达 (一)常用开头句 1．To help us students learn more about the life in space，our school organized a visit to the Science and Technology Museum． 为了帮助我们学生更多地了解在太空的生活，我们学校组织参观了科技馆。 2．As there is no gravity，life in space can be very different from that on the Earth． 由于没有重力，太空中的生活与地球上的生活大不相同。 (二)常用中间句 1．Just like entering a new home，I have to tidy up and put things away first． 就像进入新家一样，我首先要收拾整理和安放物品。 2．Some most straightforward daily tasks on the Earth can be very difficult in space． 地球上一些最简单的日常任务在太空中可能会非常困难。 3．I do a lot of statistics，observations and notes every few hours． 我每隔几个小时就要进行大量的统计、观察和记录。 4．My favorite thing to do is take pictures of the Earth． 我最喜欢做的事情是给地球拍照。 5．Every day in space I experience unexpected and amazing things． 每天在太空中我都会经历令人意想不到的奇妙的事情。 (三)常用结束句 1．Life in space is wonderful and challenging! 太空生活真是奇妙又有挑战性！ 2．The experience helps stimulate our enthusiasm for science and space． 这种经历有助于激发我们对科学和太空的热情。 3．We all thought the experience was valuable and that we should study hard to make contributions to our country in the future． 我们都认为这次经历是宝贵的，而且我们应该努力学习，将来为我们的国家做贡献。 假定你是李华，有幸参加了一个太空旅行项目，已经在太空生活了几天。请你写一篇日志，简要介绍四月十二号这一天你的太空生活，内容包括吃饭、锻炼以及睡觉等几个方面。 注意：1．词数80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Sunday，12 April _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ [审题构思] [遣词造句] 1．由于没有地心引力，地球上最简单的日常工作在太空中可能会非常困难。(as 引导原因状语从句) As there is no gravity，the most straightforward daily tasks on the Earth can be very difficult in space． 2．起床后，我开始吃早餐。 After getting up，I began to have breakfast． 3．早餐包括一些面包和一袋果汁。 The breakfast consisted of some bread and a bag of fruit juice． 4．工作了两个小时后，我需要锻炼一段时间来保持肌肉强壮。 After I worked for two hours，I needed to work out for some time to keep my muscles strong． 5．到了睡觉的时间，我就去一个小橱柜，钻进固定在墙上的睡袋里。(过去分词短语作定语) When it was time to go to bed，I went into a small cupboard，and got into a sleeping bag tied to the wall． 6．我认为我一定看上去像一根大香肠。 I think I must look like a big sausage． 7．在太空生活相当困难但是很有趣。 Living in space is rather difficult but fun． [句式升级] 8．用独立主格结构作状语改写句1 There being no gravity，the most straightforward daily tasks on the Earth can be very difficult in space． 9．用非限制性定语从句合并句2和句3 After getting up，I began to have breakfast，which consisted of some bread and a bag of fruit juice． 10．用动词-ing形式的完成时作状语改写句4 Having worked for two hours，I needed to work out for some time to keep my muscles strong． [连句成篇](注意使用适当的衔接过渡词语) Sunday，12 April _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Sunday，12 April There being no gravity，the most straightforward daily tasks on the Earth can be very difficult in space． After getting up，I began to have breakfast，which consisted of some bread and a bag of fruit juice．Having worked for two hours，I needed to work out for some time to keep my muscles strong．When it was time to go to bed，I went into a small cupboard，and got into a sleeping bag tied to the wall．I think I must look like a big sausage． In my opinion，living in space is rather difficult but fun． 假如现在是2050年，你们学校组织了一次去火星的旅行。在火星上你们到处参观，举行聚会，与外星人(alien)通电话……总之，你们玩得很愉快。 请根据以上材料，以 “An Exciting Space Trip”为题，描述一下你的火星之旅。 注意：1．词数80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 An Exciting Space Trip It is the year of 2050．Our school organized a great trip to Mars a few days ago．We took the space shuttle to Mars，on which we found a lot of things different from the Earth．After that，we invited many aliens to our party held in our space shuttle．They danced and sang together with us．Their songs were so awesome that all of us screamed．Finally，we made phone calls with aliens． We all had a good time on Mars．The trip was very interesting and I hope I can travel to Mars again soon． 人物描写 crew n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员；全体船员　 动作描写 ①become/be accustomed to(doing) sth．习惯于(做)某事 ②cast a shadow on/over给……蒙上阴影 ③scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等) 尖声大叫 ④suspend v．暂停，中止；悬，挂 ⑤submit v．提交；呈递；屈服 ⑥fetch v．(去)拿来 ⑦sneeze v．打喷嚏 其他描写词汇 ①hazardous adj．危险的，不安全的 ②unexceptional adj．平常的 ③tragically adv．悲惨地，不幸地 ④instantaneously adv．瞬间地 ⑤lifelike adj．(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的 ⑥awesome adj．很好的，了不起的 ⑦straightforward adj．简单的；率直的 第一步：完成句子雏形现 1．汤姆习惯于在安静的环境中做作业。 Tom was accustomed to doing his homework in quiet surroundings． 2．所以当有一天他听到一些人在惊恐地尖叫时，他立刻出去查看。 Therefore，one day when he heard some people screaming with terror，he immediately went out to check out． 3．瞬间，一股浓烟使他打喷嚏又咳嗽。 Instantaneously，a thick cloud of smoke made him sneeze and cough． 4．原来是他所居住的公寓楼下的一家商店着火了。他非常害怕，心都提到了嗓子眼。 It proved that a shop under the flat where he lived had caught fire．He felt very frightened and his heart was in his throat． 5．毫不犹豫地，汤姆冲出门，沿着走廊摸索着，穿过烟雾去取水灭火。不幸的是，这没起到作用。 Without hesitation，Tom rushed out of the door，felt his way along the corridor，and passed through the smoke to fetch water to put out the fire．Tragically，it didn't work． 6．半小时后，消防队员赶到了，所有人都松了一口气。 Half an hour later，the firefighters arrived．All the people breathed a sigh of relief． 7．老实说，这场火灾给他的生活蒙上了一层阴影。 To be honest，the fire cast a shadow on/over his life． 第二步：句式升级造亮点 8．用定语从句和so．．．that句式改写句4 It proved that a shop under the flat where he lived had caught fire，which made him feel so frightened that his heart was in his throat． 第三步：过渡衔接连成篇 Tom was accustomed to doing his homework in quiet surroundings．Therefore，one day when he heard some people screaming with terror，he immediately went out to check out．Instantaneously，a thick cloud of smoke made him sneeze and cough．It proved that a shop under the flat where he lived had caught fire，which made him feel so frightened that his heart was in his throat．Without hesitation，Tom rushed out of the door，felt his way along the corridor，and passed through the smoke to fetch water to put out the fire．Tragically，it didn't work．Half an hour later，the firefighters arrived．All the people breathed a sigh of relief．To be honest，the fire cast a shadow on/over his life． 课时提升作业(十八) (Unit 6　Developing ideas & Writing) (建议用时：45分钟　总分：102.5分) Ⅰ．品句填词(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．When you begin to sneeze (打喷嚏) and cough，you may catch a cold． 2．As you can see，the first question he asked me was quite straightforward (简单的)． 3．Don't bother to fetch (去拿来) me the book from the library—I can manage it myself． 4．Working out regularly will keep your muscles(肌肉) strong and avoid back problems． 5．To detect these waves in the vast universe，astronomers use several kinds of large ground-based telescopes (望远镜)． Ⅱ．单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．The more we know each other，the better (well) we will understand each other． 2．She took a deep breath to compose herself(she)，though she was literally nervous． 3．The programme designed to help jobless people just didn't work out as planned． 4．Space travel can be so delightful，but at the same time invisibly (invisible) dangerous． 5．He was sitting as far away from me as the desk allowed，but his chair was angled(angle) towards me． Ⅲ．短语填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) sign up；work out；reach for the stars；be composed of；quest for 1．If you work out regularly，even if you stop for a bit，your strength is still above average． 2．Therefore，students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible． 3．You should not be afraid to aim high in the quest for an improvement in your income． 4．Every substance，no matter what it is，is composed of very small particles called molecules． 5．Dreaming is believing and if you can reach for the stars，you actually will achieve better results． Ⅳ．完成句子(共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分) 1．有时候，心可以看到眼睛看不到的东西。(invisible) Sometimes the heart can see what is invisible to the eye． 2．最重要的事情是设定一个目标，制订一个计划，然后一步一步地执行你的计划。(work out) The most significant thing is to set a goal，work out a plan and carry out your plan step by step． 3．在我看来，人们越有兴趣，他们获得的知识就越丰富，因此兴趣是学习最好的老师。(the＋比较级，the＋比较级) In my opinion，the more interested people are，the more knowledge they will get，so interest is the best teacher of learning． 4．有时，我们需要从不同的角度考虑问题，从而想出最佳的解决方法。(angle) Sometimes，we need to consider a problem from different angles in order to come up with the best solution． 5．据说，他的新小说下个月出版。(be＋过去分词＋to do) His new novel is said to be published next month． 6．学生应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。(where引导定语从句) Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth． Ⅴ．补全短文(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分) In a mysterious world，there is 1．an invisible force (一股看不见的力量) that 2．seems to be composed of countless particles (似乎由无数的粒子组成)．One day，a person suddenly felt a strange sensation and 3．began to fetch things (开始拿东西)uncontrollably．Just as he 4．was about to sneeze (正要打喷嚏)，he found that he was unable to do so．It seemed that he was being forced to do something that he didn't want to do，and he felt a deep sense of helplessness． Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A The ISS orbits the Earth at an average of 250 miles from the surface of the Earth and completes 15.5 circles per day，once every 92 minutes．In other words，the astronauts see the sunrise and sunset 16 times every day! The station is inhabited by astronauts conducting research in various fields，while also using it as an observatory to explore the Earth and outer space．It is also intended to be a transportation center for spacecraft that are bound for the Moon，Mars and other interplanetary voyages． The crew is not only responsible for the scientific experimentation and research being conducted on-board，but also the upkeep and maintenance of the vessel，a vessel that is continuously in motion and exposed to the worst possible elements．Such conditions are a significant area of study for researchers． The most common effect of space is the initial contact—getting used to such an alien environment．Astronauts are often seen to display anxiety or depression as they adjust to the novelty of space，according to post-psychiatric screenings of astronauts．Other causes of stress are the high pressure of work while being under frequent public observation，being away from home and family，and missing important events． Sleep is another major factor that affects the mood and efficiency of the astronauts．Due to the irregularity in life and the constant rotation(转动) of sunrise and sunset，the circadian rhythm(生理节律) of the astronauts goes completely haywire，resulting in poor quality of sleep．The shuttle itself is noisy，with essential equipment always in operation to sustain the vessel．Half of all the astronauts on-board rely on sleeping pills to get some rest and manage to get an average of less than 2 hours' sleep than when they're back on the Earth．Sleep is so critical for functionality that 50% of all medicines taken by astronauts in orbit are to help them sleep better．Low-Earth Orbit living is a restless endeavor，indeed． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际空间站的宇航员面临的精神方面的挑战。 1．Which of the following is most likely to affect the astronauts' mood? A．Scientific experiments on-board． B．Observation of outer space． C．Interplanetary voyages． D．Exposure to extreme conditions． D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“exposed to the worst possible elements．Such conditions are a significant area of study for researchers”和第四段前两句可知，暴露在太空的极端环境中最有可能对宇航员的情绪产生影响。故选D。] 2．Which of the following can best explain the underlined phrase in the last paragraph? A．Return to normal． B．Become out of control． C．Go unnoticed． D．Remain unchanged． B　[词句猜测题。从画线部分前的“circadian rhythm”和其后的结果状语“resulting in poor quality of sleep”可推知，宇航员的生理节律紊乱或失去控制会导致糟糕的睡眠。故画线部分goes completely haywire意为“完全失控”，与become out of control同义。故选B。] 3．How can we describe the astronauts' life in the ISS? A．Highly-pressured． B．Trouble-free． C．Safe and sound． D．Quiet and beautiful． A　[推理判断题。根据第三、四、五段内容可知，国际空间站的宇航员要适应一个全新环境，还要做各种实验和研究，压力是很大的。故选A。] 4．What is mainly discussed in the passage? A．The functions of the ISS． B．The missions of the astronauts． C．The mental challenges of living in the ISS． D．The splendid view of space． C　[主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后两段内容可知，本文主要讲述了在国际空间站里生活对宇航员精神上的挑战。故选C。] B Hearing the words，vacuum and dust，in a sentence，you may complain at the thought of having to do the housework．But in astronomy，these words have different meanings．Vacuum refers to the blank of space．Dust，however，means solid material floating through space．It can be an annoyance to some astronomers as it may cover their views of some distant things．Or dust could help other astronomers learn about something distant without having to leave our own planet．Professor Totani from the University of Tokyo's Department of Astronomy has an idea for space dust． “I advise we study well-preserved grains from other planets for signs of life，” Totani said．“The search for life outside our solar system especially means a search for signs of communication．Or the search is for atmospheric features that might suggest life．If there are signs of life in dust grains，not only could we be certain，but we could also find out soon．” The basic idea is that large planet strikes can force ground material into space．There is a chance to find some micro creatures that recently died or even fossilized microorganisms (微生物化石) could be contained in some rocky material in the dust．Some larger pieces might fall back down or enter orbits around a local planet or star．And some much smaller pieces，for example，grains of 1 micrometer，could not only host a specimen of a microorganism，but they could also likely escape their host solar system altogether，and under the right situations，maybe even go into ours． “My paper explores this idea using data on the different ways of this situation，” said Totani．“The distances and time related can be huge，and both reduce the chance that any dust containing life signs from another world could even reach us．In spite of heat or radiation (辐射) that can destroy small things，I figure around 100，000 such grains could be landing on Earth every year．Now the means to explore it already exist，so it seems like a worthwhile dream．” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了太空尘埃中可能蕴藏着外星生命的迹象，解释了这一现象背后的原因。 5．What does Totani think of the dust in outer space? A．It can affect astronomers' sight． B．It might be a danger to our planet． C．It might include a seed from other planets． D．It can help us learn about life on other planets． D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Professor Totani from．．．for space dust．”和第二段中的“‘I advise we study well-preserved grains from other planets for signs of life，’Totani said．”可知，Totani认为太空尘埃能帮助我们了解外星生命。故选D。] 6．What do Totani's words in paragraph 2 mean? A．Conducting research into the well-kept grains from outer space． B．Using known data to study space as much as possible． C．Collecting more grains coming from solar system． D．Exploring some ways of dusting the room． A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘I advise we study well-preserved grains from other planets for signs of life，’Totani said．”可知，Totani建议保存好来自其他行星的颗粒，以寻找生命迹象。故选A。] 7．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．The larger rocky pieces contain signs of life． B．New technology gives us more chances to find life． C．The distances and time increase the chance to find life． D．Different-sized rocky pieces have different tracks in space． D　[推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“一些较大的碎片可能会落下来，或者进入当地行星或恒星的轨道。一些更小的碎片，比如1微米的颗粒，不仅可以容纳微生物的样本，而且它们还可能完全逃离它们的宿主太阳系，在适当的情况下，甚至可能进入我们的太阳系。”可推知，不同大小的岩石碎片在太空中的轨迹是不同的。故选D。] 8．What will the author probably continue with? A．The collection of space dust on Earth． B．Specific strategies for housework dusting． C．Other ideas of Totani to find life signs in space． D．The hope for astronomers to be with wide interests． A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In spite of heat．．．a worthwhile dream．”可知，作者在下文很可能介绍地球上的太空尘埃的搜集。故选A。] Ⅱ．应用文写作(满分15分) 假如你是李华，上个月你校组织观看了来自中国空间站宇航员的一堂直播科普课(live science lecture)。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： 1．活动时间、地点及参与人员； 2．活动内容； 3．活动反响。 注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．请在相应位置作答。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Last month，a live science lecture given by Chinese astronauts from the space station was presented in our lecture hall． All the students from Grade One attended the lecture，watched the astronauts' living and working conditions and gained insight into their magical daily life and challenging routine missions．Also，those lucky ones even interacted with the astronauts through the video call． The lecture enjoyed great popularity among the students，keeping their thirst for space knowledge alive and fueling their enthusiasm for science as well． Ⅲ．读后续写(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A young girl named Nova had always been fascinated by space travel and dreamed of exploring the stars one day．She spent hours reading books about the planets and galaxies and her room was filled with star charts in models of spacecraft．Nova also loved to repair machines．Always curious about how things worked，she would take apart gadgets (小器具) and put them back together．She even built her own telescope to look up at the night sky．Her parents encouraged her curiosity，gifting her a comprehensive engineering kit on her 10th birthday．Nova spent countless hours mastering the kit，learning everything from basic circuitry (电路) to complex mechanical systems． One day，she signed up for the “Little Astronaut Simulation (模拟) Competition”．The selection process was strict，but Nova's professional skills in mechanics helped her a lot．What's more，during her training，Nova learned more complex skills．Fortunately，Nova succeeded．She was selected to join a team of simulation astronauts on a mission to explore a distant planet．Nova was excited and she brought along her toolkit just in case and hoped that her skills could contribute to the mission． As the spaceship flew through the galaxy，Nova admired breathtaking views of stars and planets．She felt weightless and free，like she was flying through the universe．The crew members bonded over shared stories in the dreams，each bringing a unique skill set to the team．Nova quickly became the go-to person for any technical issues．She believed that her toolkit and knowledge would provide invaluable service during the journey． Later，the team encountered a problem．The simulation spaceship's engine malfunctioned and they became trapped in space．They were running out of oxygen and supplies，and the nearest planet was light years away．Many of them were scared and unsure of what to do． 注意：1．续写词数应为150个左右。 2．请按如下格式作答。 But Nova refused to be afraid．________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Finally，they landed back on Earth．____________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 But Nova refused to be afraid． Fetching her carry-on toolkit quickly and calmly，she began checking the problem with the engine firstly．So focused and brave was Nova that her spirit of courage inspired other astronauts，who set their fear aside，all working together with Nova tirelessly．After what seemed a century，Nova was the first to identify the problem with her rich knowledge．Then，they discussed the solution together，applying what they had learned to the challenging task．Thanks to Nova's professional skills in mechanics，they made it eventually．As the spaceship roared back to life，they all cheered with joy． Finally，they landed back on Earth． Undoubtedly，the entire group was the winner in the competition．Besides，it was Nova who received special recognition for her great contributions．Her ability to remain calm under huge pressure and her impressive repair skills had successfully turned a dangerous situation into a successful mission．She had proved that anything was possible with hard work and determination．Feeling a sense of pride and accomplishment，Nova dreamed of being a true space explorer to make more contributions in the near future．Actually，she had taken a huge step towards her big dream． 15/15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $