2025-2026学年 高一英语上学期 第二次月考复习 - 阅读理解CD（江苏专用）

25-26 高一上 第二次月考复习 – 阅读理解CD 目录 1. 24-25 苏州 园区星海实验中学 高一上 12月月考 2. 24-25 苏州姑苏区第十中学 高一上 12月月考 3. 24-25 苏州姑苏区苏州大学附属中学 高一上 12月月考 4. 24-25 常州高级中学 高一上 12月月考 5. 24-25 常州市五校联考 高一上 12月月考 6. 24-25 海安高级中学 高一上 12月月考 7. 24-25 南京师范大学附属中学 高一上 12月月考 8. 24-25 泰州中学 高一上 12月月考 9. 24-25 锡山高级中学 高一上 12月测试 10. 24-25 扬州大学附属中学 高一上 12月月考 11. 24-25 扬州市八校 高一上 12月学情检测 12. 24-25 扬州市广陵区扬州中学 高一上 12月月考 1. 24-25 苏州 园区星海实验中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Damian Stefaniuk and his colleagues at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed a novel energy storage device—a supercapacitor — using three basic, inexpensive materials: water, cement, and a soot (煤灰) — like substance called carbon black, a highly conductive substance. Supercapacitors are highly efficient at storing energy but differ from batteries in some important ways. They can charge much more quickly than a lithium (锂) battery and don’t suffer from the same levels of degradation in performance. But supercapacitors also release the power they store rapidly, making them less useful in devices such as mobile phones, laptops or electric cars where a steady supply of energy is needed over an extended period of time. Yet according to Stefaniuk, carbon-cement supercapacitors could make an important contribution to efforts to decarbonise the global economy. “If it can be scaled up, the technology can help solve an important issue — the storing of renewable energy,” he says. He and his fellow researchers at MIT and Harvard University’s Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, envision several applications for their supercapacitors. One might be to create roads that store solar energy and then release it to recharge electric cars wirelessly as they drive along a road. The rapid release of energy from the carbon-cement supercapacitor would allow vehicles to get a rapid boost to their batteries. Another would be as energy-storing foundations of houses — “to have walls, or foundations, or columns, that not only support the structure but also store energy”, says Stefaniuk. But it is still early days. For now, the concrete supercapacitor can store a little under 300 watt-hours per cubic metre-enough to power a 10-watt LED light bulb for 30 hours. The power “may seem low compared to conventional batteries, but a foundation with 30-40 cubic metres of concrete could be sufficient to meet the daily energy needs of a residential house”, says Stefaniuk. “Given the widespread use of concrete globally, this material has the potential to be highly competitive and useful in energy storage.” 8. What might be an advantage of supercapacitors? A. They require little care. B. They are lighter in design. C. They discharge power in a stable manner. D. They continue to work effectively over time. 9. How does the author highlight the application of supercapacitors? A. By giving instructions. B. By providing examples. C. By making comparisons. D. By presenting cause and effect. 10. What is the challenge faced by the widespread use of supercapacitors? A. They are not conductive enough for practical use. B. They store less energy than conventional batteries. C. They are made from materials that are difficult to obtain. D. They require highly specialized manufacturing equipment. 11. What is the purpose of this text? A. To present a problem. B. To explain a process. C. To introduce a solution. D. To advocate an action. D Can the path of a child’s life — things like their future grade point average (GPA) — be predicted using computer models? In theory, this idea isn’t outlandish. In today’s digital world, algorithms (算法) can predict patient health outcomes and loan repayment likelihood. So researchers wondered whether this sort of analysis could help predict a child’s future. In a new study, Lundberg and his colleagues dug into why the earlier study failed to forecast the kids’ outcomes accurately — zeroing in on GPA. They reconnected with 40 families and interviewed them extensively to learn more about their lives. The findings suggest that the shortcomings in predicting outcomes wasn’t just about a lack of data or computational limits. Rather, that there is a fundamental limit on our ability to foretell the complexities of life. This failure of prediction can be attributed to two main sources. First is something called irreducible error. An example of this is an unexpected event that could happen to a child in their adolescent years that can’t be foreseen — something like a parent’s death, says Lundberg. “In that case, there’s really no machine learning or computational methods that can make prediction better,” he adds. The second is learning error: errors within an algorithm’s learning process. The kinds of outcomes the scientists were trying to measure like grades and family hardships are influenced by a lot of different variables, which can form patterns that an algorithm can learn and then use to predict an outcome. But when there are too many variables, sometimes algorithms can learn the wrong pattern, says Lundberg. This type of learning error can be made smaller with more individuals. But for long-term studies like this, it’s difficult to get more than a few thousand people to participate. The new findings also highlight the value of qualitative (定性的) research — conducting interviews and talking with human beings can yield insights that a quantitative approach can’t. Some qualitative observations made by sociologists, such as how people interact and form relationships, are hard to translate into a number, says Sotoudeh, and could also be influencing outcomes. “The answer is not always more data,” echoes Sotoudeh. “Social outcomes, they’re unpredictable and they’re complex. And we just have to make peace with this unpredictability.” 12. What does the underlined word “outlandish” mean? A. Strange. B. Practical. C. Normal. D. Familiar. 13. Why couldn’t the kids’ GPA be predicted accurately in the earlier study? A. There’s a basic limit to predicting life’s complexities. B. There was insufficient participation from the families. C. The computational models were not powerful enough. D. The study lacked enough historical data on GPA trends. 14. What can we learn about learning error in paragraph 4? A. It can be avoided by increasing sample size. B. It is an indicator of how well a model performs. C. It is helpful for training models and enhancing their performance. D. It is fundamentally caused by the existence of numerous variables. 15. What does Sotoudeh suggest about qualitative research? A. It is not as valuable as quantitative research. B. It relies on large amount of data to predict outcomes. C. It primarily addresses errors in computational models. D. It helps provide perspectives that numbers alone might miss. 2. 24-25 苏州姑苏区第十中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。 C To solve a big environmental problem, chemists in the Czech Republic have been thinking small. Really small. Their new minirobot has one purpose: to help clean up tiny bits of plastic polluting waterways across the globe. Each new robot is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. They are magnetic (有磁性的) and shaped like stars. When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they stick to it and start to break it down. When the light goes out, they let go and are free to be used again. “This work is great,” says Douglas Blackiston at Tufts University in Medford, Mass. He’s a biologist who did not work on the project but knows about such devices. He’s been designing robots out of living cells, including some that might help with pollution cleanup. Speaking of the new one, he mentions that, “These robots can eat plastic. They chew it up. Or they can recover it and be collected with a magnet. Scientists love robots with all these capabilities. ” Chemist Martin Pumera at the Czech University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague led the project. He studies ways to build microrobots. About a decade ago, he says, scientists began developing tiny bots that could move themselves in water. Then, they had to find them a mission and thought “Let’s make them do something useful.” Since then, Pumera has focused on the problem posed by microplastics, which are everywhere—from the bottom of the ocean to air blowing onto ice atop mountains. They’ve turned up in drinking water, both bottled and tap water, and some studies estimate that trillions of pieces of plastic end up in the world’s waters. The plastic has many sources, from drinking straws and shopping bags to laundry and cleaning wipes. Plastic doesn’t easily degrade or fall apart, and that’s always been one of its appeals. Pumera says his final goal is to make cheap and environmentally friendly robots that can be used anywhere in the world. 8. What do the new robots mainly do? A. To collect tiny bits of plastic in the sea B. To push the pollution in water away C. To help do research into the plastic D. To deal with the plastic in water 9. How do the new robots get powered? A. By stars B. By plastic C. By sunlight D. By living cells 10. Why did Pumera take part in the project? A. Because of public attention to the plastic B. Because of the challenges from the plastic C. Because he was asked to do so by other scientists D. Because he was inspired by the invention of microrobots 11. What is the best title of the article? A. Small robots, big dreams B. No plastic in water anymore! C. Robots, winners against plastic D. The fight between robots and plastic D A study led by a researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology has updated the fossil (化石) record of mosquitoes (蚊子) by nearly 30 million years and has discovered that ancient male mosquitoes also fed on blood. The study was published online on Monday in the journal Current Biology, which discovered the oldest-known mosquito fossils --- two males dating back 130 million years near the town of Hammana in Lebanon. Dany Azar, who led the study, said the fossils not only told us the ancient origins of mosquitoes but also their feeding habits during the early stages of their growth. “We find that the mosquito group is developing, which gives us an idea about their behavior of feeding on blood” said Azar, who has been working on the subject for more than 25 years. Before the recent findings and their study, only female mosquitoes were known to feed on blood, which they need for protein to produce their eggs. Males, which lack skin-piercing (刺入皮肤的) mouthparts, mostly feed on honey and plant juices. “The feeding habits of insects, such as feeding on blood, are believed to have developed from their piercing mouthparts. However, studying the development of this behavior has been challenging due to the lack of insect fossil records.” Azar said. While reexamining the mosquito fossils last year, Azar found that their unique piercing mouthparts, very similar to those of female mosquitoes today, had been kept well. Their sharp mandibles (下颌骨) gradually disappeared over the centuries. Based on the findings, the researchers agreed that male mosquitoes fed on blood 130 million years ago. Azar, who is now a professor at the Nanjing institute, said he hopes that joint scientific explorations can be widely carried out in the future to promote more discoveries. 12. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Female mosquitoes feed on blood for protein to produce eggs. B. A minority of male mosquitoes feed on honey and plant juices. C. Two female mosquito fossils were found near the town of Hammana. D. Male mosquitoes have the same feeding habits as female mosquitoes. 13. According to Azar, why is the study on the development of feeding on blood challenging? A. Because his team lacks money. B. Because there is no talent studying it. C. Because his team wants to study another subject. D. Because his team is short of insect fossil records. 14. What conclusion can we draw from mosquito fossils? A. Female mosquitoes fed on blood 130 million years ago. B. Male mosquitoes’ sharp mouthparts gradually disappeared. C. The mouthparts of the female mosquitoes have been kept well. D. Male mosquitoes once shared similar mouthparts with female today. 15. What’s the article mainly about? A. The mosquito group is developing. B. Ancient male mosquitoes probably fed on blood. C. The oldest-known mosquito fossils were discovered. D. Female and male mosquitoes share similar feeding habits now. 3. 24-25 苏州姑苏区苏州大学附属中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读理解 C Relationships-romantic or not-are full of disappointment and frustration (沮丧). Even the most sincere and loving friends will have differing opinions. Sometimes, our heart broke when our friends arrive. Imagine this: you’ve just painted a picture you consider a great work, but the meaningful smile on your friends’ face upon seeing it tells you that, however highly they praise your painting, it is no masterpiece to them. People have long sought ways to circumvent these frustrations with art or technology. An old Roman tale tells of a man who once made his ideal friend out of stone, which was later brought to life through his prayer and communicated only with him. Similarly, modern young people also refuse undesirable socializing by watching movies and surfing the Internet. Sometimes it seems as if we can’t live with people. Yet, as social beings, we can’t live without them. When I first began having conversations with ChatGPT, I wondered if I had found a new friend. The chatbot seemed able to discuss anything. We had discussion on countless topics, in which it seemed to willingly accept some of my arguments, and its conclusion mirrored my own thoughts in a way that made me think, “Yes, we’re on the same wavelength!” As a friend, ChatGPT has qualities that a human friend could hardly match. It can offer a wealth of knowledge on any subject although sometimes it may repeat misinformation or make minor mistakes. Furthermore, it will never tell you that it is too busy or not in the mood to talk with you. However, if we can not accept the frustrations brought by human friends, there is a great chance that we can’t really know ourselves, and thus we won’t really grow. How do you react when you realize that your painting is actually not a great one? You won’t know unless you show it to someone and get a true and honest answer. When you and a friend want to do different things, will you compromise (妥协) or force your ideas on your friend? ChatGPT won’t give you the responses you expect from a human friend. However enjoyable your discussions with it may be, the relationships you develop with your fellow humans have no equal. 8. What does the example in Paragraph 1 show? A. The possibility of friends lying to you. B. The difference in opinion between friends. C. The difficulty in creating a great artwork. D. The importance of seeking friends’ praise. 9. What does the underlined word “circumvent” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Experience. B. Face. C. Avoid. D. Judge. 10. What makes ChatGPT seem like a good friend? A. It’s knowledgeable and like-minded. B. It never makes a mistake in discussion C. It considers your painting a great work. D. It allows you to know yourself and grow. 11. What does the author want to say according to the text? A. There is no replacement for human friends. B. Humans should avoid all social activities. C. Technology and art are better than friendship. D. ChatGPT is the perfect friend for everyone. D The past 50 years have not been good for honeybees. Their numbers have greatly reduced throughout the world, and now a research project by the American University of Maryland is showing that bee lifespans (寿命) have fallen by as much as 50% since the 1970s. Most previous bee studies have focused on environmental factors. The Maryland scientists, on the other hand, wanted to find out how long bees can survive in a controlled lab environment. They collected bee pupae (蛹) of workers that were less than 24 hours old to study how long they could survive without influence from the outside world. The scientists placed the bees in customized containers, feeding them different types of water such as tap water, demineralized water, and sugar water. They found that the water type had no effect on lifespans, which were an average of 17.7 days. Comparing their results with studies from the 2000s, scientists found bees had survived longer back then. Further comparing data from similar studies beginning in 1969, they realized that a honeybee’s average lifespan has been halved. Studies from the 1970s had an average bee lifespan of 34.4 days. The differences seemed related neither to food nor to conditions and surroundings. And because the scientists collected the bees before they became adults, they could rule out external factors such as chemical use or lack of food. The scientists believe that the cause is in bee genetics (遗传学), and may be related to modern beekeeping practices, especially the speed at which beekeepers replace their bees with new ones. Normally, beekeepers will replace bees when they age naturally and die. But over the past 14 years, reports from American beekeepers have recorded annual losses of bee colonies (群) of 30% - 40%. This might be because beekeepers are replacing their bees more frequently, as the bees die earlier. Further studies are planned to find out whether this is a global trend, if it can be proved that this is to do with bee genetics, and to find strategies that might slow the losses of bee colonies, and so restore the decreasing lifespans of honeybees. 12. Why did the researchers collect bee pupae rather than adult bees? A. They were easier to control in the lab. B. They had the same remaining lifespans. C. They could be fed with three types of water. D. They had limited contact with the outside world. 13. What can be concluded from the comparison of the studies over the years? A. Food for bees was not enough in the 1970s. B. Surroundings have affected bee lifespans. C. Earlier bees survived longer. D. High bee losses have led to fewer beekeepers. 14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Effective modern beekeeping practices. B. Higher replacement rates of aging bees. C. Challenges American beekeepers are facing. D. Possible causes of honeybee lifespan fall. 15. What will most probably be done next? A. Finding other ways to raise bees. B. Conducting a worldwide survey. C. Studying more similar studies from the past. D. Explain the influence of losses of bee colonies. 4. 24-25 常州高级中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C After years of pounding my knees and ankles in dashes and the long jump, pain ended my decades of track and field competition. But how do you live without the adrenaline (肾上腺素) of racing? That’s simple. You just become sensible at age sixty and turn to competitive swimming! Suddenly, the pounding was gone, and so was the pain. However, in less than a month, I was fed up with pool laps and no sights. Now what? A friend in the Annapolis Striders had the answer. This marathoner said he had stayed fit by intense walking while healing from a running injury. “Try it,” he said. “It’s even a competitive sport.” Sure enough, a certain kind of energetic walking is a 100-year-old Olympic event called racewalking. I took to this sport immediately. I didn’t have to enter races to be a racewalker. However, those who compete must follow rules and must please numerous hard-eyed judges or be disqualified (DQ). But for me, doing it was enough. It took me many months to become smooth in the style. I had lost a sport but had found another. Then came a disaster. Lower back pain had arrived. “Surgery is a last solution,” I was told. Dr. Clifford Solomon, super-surgeon of Annapolis, Maryland, had the cure. It left me with full leg control, but a flopping (耷拉的) foot. I would be able to jog, but not meet racewalk rules. By chance I tuned the TV to an old movie showing Fred Astaire dancing up a storm. From the ankle down, his feet swiveled (旋转) in the very motion I needed. I turned off the TV and went to the Senior Center. As the only man among twenty-nine students in the tap dancing class I learned that grandmothers are programmed to care for any wounded creature. Some paid particular attention to this seventy-five-year-old patient, staying after class to guide and inspire. With examples, humor, encouragement and advice, they taught me to tap dance. They cured my flopping foot. Within a year, I was competing well enough to enter the USA Track and Field Nationals in Boston and break the American record for the 3,000-meter racewalk. And now, at eighty-six, I’m still competing and often thinking of those ladies. 8. Why did the author stop swimming? A. He couldn’t bear the pain any longer. B. He lost the ability to compete with others. C. He couldn’t adjust adrenaline to normal levels. D. He was bored with it and couldn’t enjoy scenery. 9. What did the author spend many months doing? A. Visiting lots of strict judges. B. Competing in racewalking events. C. Perfecting his racewalking techniques. D. Searching for other ways to exercise. 10. What does the author want to stress in paragraph 5? A. He was the only one in need of care. B. He received the female classmates’ kindness. C. He engaged in diverse after-class activities. D. The class was mostly made up of elderly students. 11. Which of the following can best describe the author? A. Determined and traditional. B. Energetic and adventurous. C. Hard-working and persistent. D. Responsible and courageous. D Most people hate mosquitoes (蚊子) - but scientists are about to build a “mosquito factory” to release modified mosquitoes. The modified mosquitoes carry a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis (沃尔巴克氏菌) which can be naturally found in most insect species. However, it’s rarely discovered in mosquitoes. “We actually grow these mosquitoes that contain the bacterium,” Scott O’ Neil. An Australian scientist who is involved in the project, told CBC News. When the modified mosquitoes are released, they slowly spread the bacterium to the population. Several studies have demonstrated the insects’ success. For example, a controlled experiment in Indonesia showed that the modified insect helped reduce the cases of the disease dengue (登革热) by 77 percent, according to a study paper published in 2021. The World Mosquito Program has announced that it will release modified mosquitoes in many of Brazil’s urban areas over the next 10 years. The aim is to protect up to 70 million people from diseases such as dengue, a disease mainly spread by mosquitoes. Dengue patients may have mild symptoms (症状) like fever, but severe cases can lead to death. Brazil has one of the highest rates of dengue infection in the world, according to the Nature website. “More than 1,000 people died of dengue in 2022 because of the spread of mosquitoes. It’s going everywhere,” Luciano Moreira, a scientist at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, told CBC News. Another way to prevent mosquitoes from spreading diseases is by producing genetically modified (GM, 转基因的) mosquitoes. In 2022, the US Environmental Protection Agency cleared the release of 2.4 billion GM mosquitoes in California and Florida. According to the agency, GM mosquitoes carry two types of genes: a self-limiting gen that prevents female offspring (后代) from surviving to adulthood, and a marker gene that allows researchers to identify GM ones in the wild. After being released, GM mosquitoes lay eggs, so the genes are passed on to offspring. In this way, the number of female mosquitoes is reduced, therefore reducing the chance of spreading disease. 12. Why are the modified mosquitoes grown according to Scott O’ Neil? A. To prevent mosquitoes from biting people. B. To make money for the scientists involved. C. To reduce the number of insects in the world. D. To spread a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis. 13. What can we learn about the release of modified mosquitoes in Brazil? A. The decision to do so is only based on scientific research. B. The program will immediately reduce dengue cases by 77%. C. The high infection rate of dengue in Brazil is a key factor to it. D. The program aims to remove dengue completely within the next decade. 14. What does the underlined word “cleared” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Permitted. B. Removed. C. Judged. D. Limited. 15. What might be the best title for the text? A. Modified Mosquitoes to Fight Diseases B. The Benefits of Mosquitoes C. The World Mosquito Program’s Success D. Genetic Engineering in Medical Research 5. 24-25 常州市五校联考 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Too much light at night can cut the number of seeds a plant makes, a new study finds. Researchers put up street lights in Swiss meadows (草地), far from any real streets. The setup was built similarly to urban light pollution. In these now-light-polluted fields, flowers had 62 percent fewer night visitors-insect pollinators (传粉者)-than did the flowers in dark meadows. The researchers reported a cabbage thistle (卷心菜蓟花) bloom hosts a guest insect after dark. Cabbage thistles are the most common flowers in these meadows. Fewer insect visitors at night could mean less pollen (花粉) pollinated from plant to plant (the first step in making seeds). For the thistles, daytime pollinator visits didn’t make up for this loss at night, says Eva Knop, an ecologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland. Overall, night-lit plants produced one-eighth fewer seeds than did plants that got full nights of darkness. Light pollution might affect a whole network of plants and their pollinators, Knop and her colleagues now suggest. Indeed, night pollination was not just a lonely business for a few special plants. There were lots of links between pollen hauls by night and by day. Plants with a lot of night visits were often very busy by day, too. Light at night that decreases seed numbers could over time mean fewer new plants. And fewer plants could mean plants could mean less food and shelter for daytime insects. So a lot of pollinators working the day and night shifts could be affected, Knop worries. The new study is the first to show how artificial light affects plants’ ability to make seeds. The test is also unusual because it considers all kinds of insect pollinators instead of focusing only on night-flying insects. The researchers paid special attention to the cabbage thistle, but they also mapped which kinds of insects visited other plants by day or night. 8. Why were street lights put up in the meadows? A. To attract insect pollinators. B. For urban development. C. To reduce light pollution. D. For scientific research. 9. What can be learned about cabbage thistles? A. They are the most common Swiss flowers. B. They grow slowly during the night. C. They rely on insects to help make seeds. D. They attract only night visitors. 10. How does light pollution affect pollinators? A. By decreasing night visitors. B. By damaging their sight. C. By increasing seed numbers. D. By destroying their shelter. 11. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Light pollution may affect plants greatly B. Night-flying insects matter more than daytime ones C. Plants attract more insects due to light pollution D. Researchers found ways to protect the environment D Browsing videos on TikTok or YouTube can be a hit-and-miss affair. But researchers have found that switching to another video, or skipping forwards and backwards in the same one, actually makes people more bored. Dr Katy Tam at the University of Toronto Scarborough said boredom was closely linked to attention. “We feel bored when there’s a gap between how engaged we are and how engaged we want to be,” she said. “When people keep switching through videos, they become less engaged with the videos and they are looking for something more interesting. This can lead to increased feelings of boredom.” The results appear to chime with other studies: as the team notes, previous research has suggested that while boredom relief is a driver for people to use social media or smartphones, the use of such technology appears to make the feeling worse. Writing in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Tam and colleagues report how they carried out seven experiments involving a total of more than 1,200 participants. The first, involving 140 participants, revealed that people tended to switch between videos more when they rated the content more boring, while the second-an online survey involving 231 participants--suggested people thought having the option to skip through a video or switch to another would make viewing a video less boring. However, the team’s subsequent experiments suggest this is not the case. Data from a group of 166 undergraduates suggests participants felt more bored when allowed to skip about within a video than when they were not able to, while results from 159 undergraduates revealed they reported higher levels or boredom when given a collection of five-minute videos they could switch between, compared with a single 10-minute video. “Our research shows that while people fast-forward or skip videos to avoid boredom, this behaviour can actually make them feel more bored,” she said. “Just as we pay for an immersive experience in a movie theatre, enjoyment often comes from immersing ourselves in videos rather than swiping through them.” 12. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to avoid boredom while browsing videos. B. The relationship between video switching and boredom. C. The popularity of TikTok and YouTube among young people. D. The importance of immersive experiences in movie theaters. 13. What does the underlined phrase “chime with” mean in Paragraph 3? A. agree with B. compare with C. contrast with D. disagree with 14. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the research? A. Skipping through videos always makes viewing less boring. B. Swiping through short videos frequently leads to increased boredom. C. Switching between short videos frequently helps people reduce boredom. D. The use of social media or smartphones cases boredom. 15. To relieve boredom while watching videos, Dr. Katy Tam suggest people ________. A. skip through videos as often as possible B. fast-forward videos to keep interest C. absorb themselves in the video content D. avoid watching videos on social media platforms 6. 24-25 海安高级中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。 C On the streets of Manhattan and Washington, D. C., in neighborhoods in Seoul and parks in Paris, ginkgo (银杏) trees are losing their leaves in reaction to the first gust of cold winter air. This leaf drop, gradual at first, and then sudden, carpets streets with golden, fan-shaped leaves. Scientists are documenting evidence of the event happening later and later, a possible indication of climate change. But the story of ginkgos is not the familiar one of human carelessness with nature. Thanks to fossils found in North Dakota, scientists found a ginkgo has genetically similar ancestors dating back 170 million years to the Jurassic Period. “It almost went extinct. Then humans rescued it and spread it around the world. It’s such a great evolutionary (进化) and cultural story,” says Peter Crane, a ginkgo expert. One theory for the decline of the ginkgo species began 130 million years ago, when flowering plants began spreading. They grew faster and attracted more pollinators (传粉者) than ginkgos. “It’s possible that ginkgos were elbowed out of the way,” says Crane. Already competing to survive, ginkgos began to disappear during a time of global cooling that began around 66 million years ago. By the time the last ice age ended 11,000 years ago, the remaining survivors were found in China. Ginkgo trees are smelly. “My guess is that they were eaten by animals that liked smelly things. They then passed through their body and grew.” Crane says. Those same seeds may have helped ginkgo find favor with humans 1,000 years ago. Once cleaned of their outer layer, ginkgo seeds are safe to eat. It’s then, when the trees had long since disappeared elsewhere, that people in China may have begun planting them and eating their seeds. Then gradually ginkgos spread across the world. Now it’s seemingly naturally resistant to insects and high levels of air pollution. Crane isn’t worried about its future, though: The popularity of the species will help it survive. “Though its status in the wild may be difficult to access, it’s a plant that’s unlikely to ever go extinct,” he says. 8. What may have caused the further delay of ginkgo’s leaf drop? A. The colder weather in winter. B. The protection from city councils. C. The global warming phenomenon. D. The careless interaction with humans. 9. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The reasons why ginkgos almost died out. B. The advantages of ginkgos over other plants. C. The theories of experts for multiplying ginkgos. D. The competition between various flowering plants. 10. What might have contributed to ginkgos’ survival? A. Their eatable seeds. B. Their unpleasant smell. C. The natural evolution. D. The careful planting. 11. How does Crane feel about ginkgos’ future? A. Worried. B. Optimistic. C. Uncertain. D. Hopeless. D You might have experienced the frustration of being misunderstood by a smart speaker or AI assistant. For people with non-standard speech, this happens frequently. Israeli company Voiceitt aims to change that. By using personalized voice models, its AI-powered speech recognition system helps people with speech impairments (损伤) caused by conditions like Parkinson’s disease, Down syndrome, or stroke communicate better with others. For Voiceitt co-founder Sara Smolley, developing speech recognition for non-standard speech patterns is a personal mission. “My grandmother was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease,” she said. “By the time I was born, she had lost most of her motor capabilities, and her speech was affected.” Smolley wanted to solve communication problems for people with speech difficulties. Voiceitt was launched as an app in 2023 and operated as a vocal translator, converting non-standard speech into audio. Users train the AI by recording themselves saying about 200 simple phrases. Voiceitt cooperates with tools like WebEx and ChatGPT, providing captions (字幕) for non-standard speech. The company is also partnering with Zoom and Microsoft Teams. Colin Hughes, who has a muscle disorder, uses voice typing for his digital interactions. He’s impressed with how accurately Voiceitt’s app understands his unique way of speaking. But he points out that many people with upper-limb disabilities need more than just speech-to-text. They need something like better voice typing for longer writing. He sees a future where technology plays a bigger role in accessibility, adding, “This entire field needs a shake-up. Voiceitt, with better access to major platforms, could be the one to lead this change.” With technology that captures and stores personal data such as voice recordings, privacy can be a concern for users. Smolley says her company has “the highest standards in the world in terms of data privacy”. She believes Voiceitt’s technology can be life-changing. “We want to allow people not just to be more independent in their lives and work,” says Smolley, “but also to enjoy technology and have fun.” 12. What inspires Sara Smolley to develop the AI-speech recognition system? A. Her desire to advance artificial intelligence. B. Her passion for technology communication. C. Her determination to cure people of speech disease. D. Her hope to settle grandmother’s communication problems. 13. What does the underlined word “converting” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Applying. B. Keeping. C. Changing. D. Limiting. 14. What does Colin’s words imply in paragraph 5? A. Voiceitt can be a pioneering tool. B. Voiceitt focuses on speech-to-text. C. Voiceitt understands personal feelings. D. Voiceitt can team up with tech companies. 15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce a new speech recognition system. B. To show the limitations of current speech recognition. C. To highlight the need to help people with speech issues. D. To explain the difficulties of Al-powered speech recognition. 7. 24-25 南京师范大学附属中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A It’s the season for friends, family and cheese holiday movies. Whether you’ re a fan of Christmas classics or prefer streamable and made-for-TV specials, there’s always a reason holiday movie s are so popular — even the most predictable. “In fact, this is what keeps us coming back. You would almost be disappointed if they weren’t a little predictable,” says Dr. Pamela Rutledge, a media psychologist. “It’s not like there’s going to be a heart-stopping surprise waiting to catch you off guard.” And while the plot of a city girl meeting a hometown guy is overused, Rutledge says these romantic holiday movies satisfy our inner desire for social connection and provide our brain with the confidence to anticipate something and have that be the case. The holiday season itself can be stressful, making these movies an easy go - to for relaxation during a busy time of year. “These movies can act as ‘cinema therapy,’ when you can relax with your friends,” says Allison Eden, associate professor of communication at Michigan State. “You don’t have to work too hard to enjoy it. They’re just gentle comforting, feel-good movies that can really help, especially during times of stress.” The most stressed you’ll feel during most holiday movies? A silly, low- conflict misunderstanding between love interests that you know will be resolved by the end. “The brain responds to that whole journey with both the dopamine (多巴胺) of reward of having it turn out like you wanted to, but also the oxytocin (催产素) release when you’re talking about feelings of warmth and connection and love. So sort of a win - win,” Rutledge says. If you think you can find the same win - win in other forms of media, it may be harder than you think. People often use social media as a way to escape, for example, but it’s not always the pick- me- up you may be looking for. With social media, you really never know what you’re going to come up against. 1. What contribute most to the popularity of holiday movies? A. Predictable plots. B. Appealing themes. C. Unexpected endings. D. Romantic elements. 2. What does the underlined phrase “cinema therapy” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. A call for easy work. B. A form of stress relief. C. A chance to enjoy movies. D. A way to develop friendship. 3. Why does Rutledge view holiday movies as sort of a win-win? A. They enhance our brain function. B. They provide a comforting escape. C. They offer emotional satisfaction. D. They assist in resolving low conflicts. 4. What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A. To call on people to watch holiday movies. B. To introduce the features of holiday movies. C. To explain why your brain loves holiday movies. D. To compare holiday movies with other forms of media. B One of the curious things about social networks is the way that some messages, pictures, or ideas can spread like wildfire while others that seem just as catchy or interesting receive less attention. Before you go deep into the puzzle, consider this: If you measure the height of your male friends, for example, the average is about 170 centimeters. You are 172 and your friends are all about the same height as you are. Indeed, the mathematical concept of “average” is a good way to understand the nature of this data set. But imagine that one of your friends was much taller than you. This person would dramatically skew the average, which would make your friends taller than you, on average. In this case, the “average”is a poor way to capture this data set. Now Lerman from University of, Southern California has discovered a related paradox (悖论), which they call the majority illusion They explain this illusion with a theoretical example, where they take 14 nodes (节点) linked up to form each network, then color three of these nodes and count how many of the remaining nodes link to them in a single step. Two versions of this setup are shown above. In the left-hand version, the uncolored nodes see more than half of their neighbors as colored. In the right-hand version, this is not true for any of the uncolored nodes. But here’s the thing: the structure of the network is the same in both cases. The only thing that changes is the nodes that are colored. This is the majority illusion — the local feeling that a specific feature is common when the global truth is completely different. So how popular is it in the real world? It’s found out that the majority illusion appears in almost all network scenarios (情景). “The effect is largest in the political blogs network, where 60% of nodes will have majority active neighbors, even when only 20% of the nodes are truly active,” says Lerman. It immediately explains many interesting phenomena. For a start, it shows how some content can spread globally while other similar content does not — the key is to start with a small number of well-connected early adopters fooling the rest of the network into thinking it is common. The affected nodes then find it natural to follow the trend. A real spread finally comes into being. As for marketers, they must first recognize the popular nodes that can create the majority illusion for the target audience. These influencers must then be persuaded to adopt the desired behavior or product, which is extremely important to the success of the marketing plan. 5. The phrase “skew the average ”most probably refers to the action of _________. A. ignoring the real average B. working out the average C. changing the real average D. cutting down the average 6. What can we learn about the two versions of the setup in Lerman’s theoretical example? A. The nodes chosen to be colored are different. B. The two networks don’t share the same structure. C. Uncolored nodes are linked to a colored node in a single step. D. Uncolored nodes see more than half of their neighbors as colored. 7. What can we learn about spreading content on the social media? A. The majority illusion rarely has impacts except in political blogs field. B. The majority illusion on social networks relies on people following you. C. Global opinion spread starts with the trend led by well-connected adopters. D. The popularity of ideas on networks mainly depends on the quality of content. 8. What is most probably the title of the passage? A. How does social network vision trick your mind? B. Majority network opinion spread, curse or blessing? C. Have you been misled during the last political voting? D. What stops your social media message from spreading? 8. 24-25 泰州中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。 B Watching the behaviour and body language of zoo animals could be the key to understanding and improving their welfare, new research suggests. Traditionally, zoos have focused on more straightforward measures such as whether animals are eating and sleeping. The new review, by the University of Exeter and the University of Winchester, says zoos have made great improvements in recent years, but closer observation of animal behaviour - a method called Qualitative Behavioural Assessment, developed in farming - could show even more about their state of mind. An animal’s positioning of its body, facial movements and activity levels are among the things that might tell whether it is excited, calm, interested, nervous, relaxed, etc. “Zookeepers are knowledgeable about their animals, and they will often recognise an animal’s state of mind by its behaviour and body language,” said Dr. Paul Rose, of the University of Exeter. “What we are suggesting is a more scientific method of this, carried out over time. “Certain behaviours will show certain moods (情绪) in an animal, and we should build our knowledge of this for different animals that live in zoos. For example, lions have a lot of facial expressions, and research on these expressions could help zoos understand the animals’ state of mind. This information could then be used to improve welfare by changing diets, feeding times or any number of other aspects of the way animals are kept.” Dr. Rose carries out much of his research at WWT Slimbridge Wetland Centre, and is now examining how the swans (天鹅) there might show their state of mind through their behavioural expression. “We’re looking at how much time they spend exploring their habitat, which could show what they’re feeling.” he said. “When they’re unsure, they appear to move less and be more careful, and draw their feathers (羽毛) close to their bodies.” The study suggests research opportunities for Qualitative Behavioural Assessment and practices that could be used by zoos. “Animal welfare in zoos has improved greatly in the last 10 or 20 years, and this method gives zoos another way to recognise and improve the welfare of animals,” Dr. Rose said. 5. How to improve zoos animal’s welfare? A. More focus on animals’ eating and sleep. B. Closer observation of zoo animals’ behaviours. C. More attention to zoo animals’ state of mind. D. Adoption of more straightforward measure. 6. What is the function of lions as an example? A. To show body language vary from animal to animal. B. To show the significance of animal body language. C. To show lions are rich in their facial expressions. D. To show lions are treated well in zoos. 7. What dose Dr Rose research of swans suggests? A. They usually explore their habitat. B. They always draw their feather close to their body. C. They move little in fearful situations. D. They spend little time in their habitat. 8. What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Animal welfare in zoos is decreasing. B. Qualitative Behavioural Assessment is meaningful. C. Farm animals enjoy greater welfare than zoo animals. D. Zoos do a good job in recognising animal body language. C Most people in the Netherlands are convinced that their consumption patterns affect the environment. Many of them are looking for ways to reduce their footprint. However, the reality is more complicated, according to a research by Leiden PhD candidate Levon Amatuni, who studied car sharing and the reuse of phones. He used his background in computer science and mathematics to model and measure the benefits of such practices. His research shows users of car-sharing platforms reduce their impact by only 3 to 18 percent — much less than 51 or 37 percent claimed in previous research. This is caused by so-called “rebound effects”, which are rarely accounted for by companies or even researchers. For example, shared vehicles are replaced with new models more frequently than private cars. Additionally, the introduction of sharing schemes (方案) can encourage people to drive when they would have otherwise taken public transport. These rebound effects turn out to be highly influential. Amatuni also found users of sharing platforms don’t significantly reduce their driving. “And if they do, they often take buses and trains, which aren’t emission-free,” he says. While public transport is usually a better option, its impact is not negligible. So, this data must be included to make an accurate assessment. Similarly, Amatuni discovered that a second-hand phone only offsets (抵消) about one-third of a new phone’s production. Rebound effects are the cause. If people couldn’t sell their old devices, they would use them for longer. In other words, reuse both extends the lifetime of a device — by giving it a new owner — but also shortens it, as people tend to sell their newly bought devices sooner. Amatuni doesn’t want people to conclude taking small steps towards sustainability is pointless. “Our intentions are still what’s most important,” he says, “but meanwhile, people need to realise there’re no easy fixes.” He recommends prioritising overall consumption reduction rather than continuing current habits while trying to make them more efficient. 9. What is the focus of Amatuni’s research? A. The ways of reducing people’s footprint. B. The benefits of car sharing and phone reuse. C. The damage of public transport to the environment. D. The knowledge of computer science and mathematics. 10. What does the underlined word “negligible” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Small. B. Permanent. C. Direct. D. Immediate. 11. Which of the following represents a phone rebound effect? A. Buying new phones often. B. Keeping old phones in use. C. Taking care of new phones. D. Selling used phones cheaply. 12. What is Amatuni’s suggestion on promoting sustainability? A. Stop eco-friendly habits. B. Increase production efficiency. C. Reduce total resource use. D. Seek easy solutions to eco-crisis. 9. 24-25 锡山高级中学 高一上 12月测试 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C New scientific research has found that attending live sporting events enhances levels of wellbeing. Published in the journal Frontiers in Public Health, the research is the first large-sized study to examine the benefits of attending any type of live sporting event. It found that attending live sporting events results in higher scores of two major measurements of subjective wellbeing-life satisfaction and a sense of “life being worthwhile” — as well as lower levels of loneliness. These results are significant as previous studies have shown that higher life satisfaction scores are associated with fewer life-limiting conditions, better physical health and successful ageing. The new study also found that attending live sporting events leads to an increase in people’s sense that “life is worthwhile,” and the size of this increase is comparable to that of gaining employment. Watching live sporting events can also offer an accessible and effective public health tool for improving wellbeing. Lead author Dr Helen Keyes, Head of the School of Psychology and Sport Science at Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), said: “Previous research has focused on certain sports or small population groups, such as college students in the United States. Ours is the first study to look at the benefits of attending any sporting event across an adult population, and therefore our findings could be useful for shaping future public health strategies, such as offering reduced ticket prices for certain groups.” The live events covered by the survey ranged from free amateur (业余的) events, such as watching village sports teams, right through to Premier League football matches. Therefore, further research needs to be carried out to see if these benefits are more pronounced for top level sport, or are more closely linked to supporting a specific team. However, without doubt, watching live sport of all types provides many opportunities for social interaction and this helps to shape group identity and belonging, which in turn boosts levels of wellbeing. 8. What can we learn about the new study from the passage? A. The study only covered Premier League football matches. B. Watching live sporting events has little effect on one’s wellbeing. C. It is the first one to study the benefits of attending live sporting events. D. Attending live sporting events increases life satisfaction and a sense of meaning. 9. What’s Dr. Helen Keyes’s attitude to the study? A. Objective. B. Neutral. C. Negative. D. Positive. 10. What does the underlined word “pronounced” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Suitable. B. Noticeable. C. Powerful. D. Important. 11. What is the best title for the passage? A. Attending Live Sport Improves Wellbeing B. Watching Live Sporting Events Has Many Benefits C. A Research on the Popularity of Live Sporting Events D. A Study on the Effects of Sporting Events on Physical Health D If you don’t use it, you lose it. At least, that’s how the old saying goes. It refers to the idea that something that does not get used regularly quickly falls into a state of decline. For example, a hobby that you haven’t done for a few years, like playing the piano. The next time you pick it up, maybe you’ve forgotten altogether! In order to prevent this, people take regular exercise to keep their skills sharp. Well, what about the brain? As we age, our brains can naturally begin to decline (衰退). In some cases, this can lead to certain mental conditions such as dementia (痴呆). However, all is not lost because these days it’s relatively easy to train your brain. Smartphones and apps have put programmes that can test, keep and even improve our memories and a number of other mental abilities. With a little practice every day, we can keep our brains sharp, right? Well, no, actually. According to a report from the Global Council on Brain Health, even though many people think it is beneficial to play some online games that are designed to improve brain health, the evidence of the benefits is “weak to non-existent”. Playing a “brain game” may lead to improvements in game performance, but this has yet to show a convincing result in people’s daily cognitive (认知的) abilities. Don’t lose heart, though. There are other ways to develop the brain. It recommends trying new activities that challenge the way you think and are socially engaging, while leading to a healthy lifestyle. Among their suggestions are practising tai chi, taking photography classes, learning new technologies, gardening, art projects or volunteering. There’s more good news, too. James Goodwin, chief scientist at Age UK, has said that brain decline is not unavoidable. As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health. So, hurry up, get out there and try something new. Maybe it’s time to try that hobby you’ve always wanted to do. 12. Why is playing the piano mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic of brain decline. B. To explain how to keep physically healthy. C. To show the importance of regular exercise. D. To illustrate the meaning of an old saying. 13. What can we infer about the effectiveness of playing online brain games from paragraph 3? A. The benefits are not obvious in terms of daily cognitive abilities. B. Both game performance and cognitive functions are greatly improved. C. Strong and continuous benefits have been proved. D. The evidence of the benefits is weak to non-existent. 14. According to James Goodwin, which of the following does NOT help prevent brain decline? A. Taking part in a new cooking class that teaches techniques unknown before. B. Playing a familiar game that does not demand much thought. C. Participating in a photography course that challenges one’s creative skills. D. Learning a new musical instrument that requires concentration. 15. What is the main idea of the text? A. Regular exercise and healthy lifestyle are key to keeping the brain healthy. B. Brain decline is natural and unavoidable as people age. C. Online brain games can improve people’s cognitive abilities. D. Engaging in new and challenging activities can benefit brain health. 10. 24-25 扬州大学附属中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Jasmine is on my Zoom screen. She is pulling her hair. As she starts talking, the rate of the pulling increases. “My exam is on Friday,” she tells me, “What if I get a question I can’t answer? What if I don’t get a good grade?” Jasmine is just one of the students suffering from test anxiety. The word “anxiety” originates from Latin, meaning narrowing. The “narrowing” describes what’s happening in Jasmine’s nervous system. Basically, the sympathetic (交感神经) branch — fight-or-flight — has switched on, and her muscles have narrowed as if she’s preparing to do battle or run away. Commonly known the “rest and digest” branch, the parasympathetic nervous (副交感神经) system plays an important role in thinking and learning by promoting a state of relaxation and calmness. When the parasympathetic nervous system starts working, it reduces stress and anxiety, improving focus and concentration. There are three simple tools for engaging the parasympathetic branch: breathing, grounding, and sensing. Breathing means a steady flow of breath; grounding means feeling the chair and the floor supporting you; and sensing means turning on one or more of the five senses. In more than 40 years of coaching test-takers, I have observed how often they hold their breath, how nervous and ungrounded they are, and how unaware they are of feeling the touch of clothes on their own bodies. No wonder people are exhausted by the end of a long test! When they use the three calming tools, they create the state necessary for sitting still, thinking, remembering, reasoning, and, finally, answering questions. We all face countless tests in everyday life. Unexpected, unwanted things happen to everyone. Wouldn’t it be a whole lot better if we faced the tests by being calm? In case you’re wondering, the answer is “Yes!” But the real question is: Instead of forcing students to progress through endless comparison and competition, why don’t we teach them how to stay calm? 8. Why does the author mention Jasmine in the first paragraph? A. To show students’ intense emotions. B. To introduce a problem students face. C. To compare different attitudes towards tests. D. To analyse students’ behaviors during video calls. 9. What change would be brought when the parasympathetic nervous system is at work? A. Improved attention. B. Worsened anxiety. C. Tightened muscles. D. Quickened response. 10. From the last paragraph we can infer that the writer thinks it important ________. A. to take some tests to make progress B. to attach importance to comparison and competition C. to learn to avoid unexpected and unwanted things in life D. to prepare students with the ways to keep calm during tests 11. What is the text mainly about? A. What do students face in tests? B. How to deal with test anxiety? C. How to engage the nervous system? D. What should students do to avoid tests? D Do the colors that surround you influence how you feel? Can the colors on your walls and on your clothes affect your moods? Some researchers believe the answer is a decisive yes, while others aren’t so sure. Yet many marketers, interior designers, medical professionals and others swear by an informal field of science known as color psychology. Color psychology is defined as “the study of how the colors we perceive impact our thoughts and feelings.” Marketers use the science of color to persuade us to buy things. When choosing paint, furniture and wall art, interior designers act on the theory that colors can arouse certain feelings in us. Dentists are often advised to use light blue paint on their office walls to help calm apprehensive patients. We should keep in mind, though, that only by considering cultural preferences are we able to fully understand the science of color. For instance, in the West, white is for brides and black is for funerals. But in ancient Asia, white was sometimes worn for funerals. In Japan yellow represents courage while in the United States, it represents happiness. Additionally, many variables including gender, age, background and more must be considered before making color assumptions when one is studying the effects of color. After taking color variable into account it’s safe to consider some mainstream theories about specific colors and their meanings. Here are just a few: Red symbolizes love, energy, passion and danger. Red is also believed to increase one’s hunger, which might be the reason why McDonald’s and Coca-Cola chose red as their major branding color. Brown, a color from nature, best represents things that are honest, trustworthy and dependable. It seems a perfect fit as the branding color for the package delivery company UPS. Blue-in addition to representing peace and calm-also means integrity and competence. It’s no surprise that PayPal and American Express both use blue as their branding color. Green-another color from nature-represents health, growth and freshness and is the perfect branding color for Starbucks. Pink symbolizes love, romance, innocence and femininity (女性特质). The popular doll company that makes Barbie uses pink as its major branding color. If color psychology advocates are correct, then our emotions and decisions are truly influenced by the colors around us. With this knowledge, we can effectively harness (驾驭) color power to create positive school, work and home environments. 12. What does the phrase “swear by” in the second paragraph probably mean? A. deeply investigate B. somewhat doubt C. deeply believe D. still wish 13. What is the writer’s purpose of taking white and black as an example in the passage? A. To remind we should take culture into account when learning the science of color. B. To state that cultural preferences are decisive factors in color psychology. C. To show different cultures have different preferences for different colors. D. To prove white and black represent complete different things in different countries. 14. We can conclude from the passage that ________. A. color psychology may help us make correct decisions in life B. color psychology is an uncultivated field in modern science C. color psychology has been recognized throughout the world D. color psychology is influencing our emotions and decisions 15. What would be the proper title for the passage? A. The potential effects of color on our lives. B. The positives and negatives of color psychology. C. The foundation and function of color psychology. D. The relationship between color and man Section 11. 24-25 扬州市八校 高一上 12月学情检测 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Many of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesn’t change. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away; From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.” However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly reduced in size over time. For the study, a group of US scientists examined and analyzed thousands of photographs taken by the NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机). They found that there were lots of faults (断层) on the surface of the moon. These faults were formed by recent movement on the moon. According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down. Then it began to shrink, in away comparable to the shrinking of a grape into a raisin. Over the past several hundred million years, it has become 46 meters “skinnier”. But due to its hard and rocky layer, the moon’s surface continues to push up. “Some of these quakes can be fairly strong, around five on the Richter scale (里氏震级),” said Thomas Watters, a senior scientist at the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum in the US. But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that human shouldn’t try to explore and live on in the future? Maybe not, reported The Telegraph. “This isn’t anything to worry about. The moon may becoming smaller, but not by much. It’s not going anywhere,” Watters comforted us. The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong. “We have been to the moon and we’ve done some great science, but there is still a lot we don’t know. The moon is shrinking — we didn’t really realize that until recently. It’s a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that,” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said. 28. Which point of view about the moon may the writer agree to? A. It stays the same as before. B. It is becoming slightly smaller. C. It is getting older and older. D. It has passed away. 29. What can we learn about the moon from the third paragraph? A. Its quake measures seven on the Richter scale. B. It has become 46 meters fatter due to expanding. C. It has a hot core and releases energy during expanding. D. It has changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years. 30. What does Nathan Williams think of the moon? A. It is a dead and boring place. B. It has lots of faults on the surface. C. It is valuable to do more science. D. It isn’t a place where we can live. 31. Which of the following can be the most suitable title for the article? A. “The Moon: A Static and Boring Place” B. “The Changing Moon: A New Discovery” C. “The Mysterious Moon: Faults and Quakes” D. “Exploring the Moon: Dangers and Opportunities” D The internet provides access to a large amount of information. However, you might notice that the same ideas or views frequently reappear on certain social media platforms. If this happens, be cautious. You may be in what’s called an information cocoon (信息茧房) — a space where only similar opinions spread. This phenomenon, which has existed since the early eras of human culture, has been significantly enlarged by the widespread use of social media. Imagine ancient people gathered around a bonfire, sharing only stories and experiences that reinforced their collective worldview. Today, the internet serves as the modern “bonfire”, with social media platforms connecting people globally and enabling the sharing of thoughts and beliefs. You might have noticed that social media advertising seems to “magically” understand your interests, presenting ads that are surprisingly related. This is the result of complex algorithms (算法) — sets of instructions designed to perform tasks or solve problems. Every time we click, like, or share something, we leave a digital footprint that helps algorithms better understand our interests, values and beliefs. Algorithms then use this information to provide content that meets our interests. Although information cocoons can provide a sense of belonging, they also bring some negative effects. Engaging with others only within limited information space results in one-sided individual’s viewpoint, making it hard for them to accept different views and discuss complex issues. Information cocoons can also contribute to increasing division and anxiety, which further divides societies. They make it unclear between facts and opinions. This weakness leaves us open to misinformation, influencing both personal decisions and social energy. Fortunately, there are many ways to break out of the information cocoon. Actively seeking diverse information sources is very important for overcoming these limitations. This can involve diversifying (使多样化) our social media content, reading articles from various views, and joining meaningful discussions with people from different backgrounds. Besides, training critical thinking skills is essential. We should check facts and remain open to changing our beliefs. 32. The information cocoon is increasingly becoming large because ________. A. A great deal of information is provided. B. A growing number of people turn to social media. C. Various similar opinions spread in the information cocoon. D. Stories and experiences are usually shared in people’s gatherings 33. Why does the author mention “algorithms” in Paragraph 3? A. To analyze how social media impacts our preferences. B. To indicate how algorithms perform tasks or problems. C. To explain why we always read satisfying content on social media platforms. D. To show why algorithms are important in affecting our decisions and beliefs. 34. Which of the following is the negative effect of information cocoons? A. A person sticking to his own opinion. B. A society filled with energy. C. A person willing to join in discussions. D. A society full of various views. 35. What does the author advise us to do to get away from the information cocoon? A. Voice our own views openly. B. Develop critical thinking ability. C. Communicate with like-minded people. D. Search specific information sources. 12. 24-25 扬州市广陵区扬州中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 C The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down. Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source. According to Dr Sam Fabian, study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist, moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest. For hundreds of millions of years, this was the sky rather than the ground. The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial lighting. Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution. Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab. The videos reveal that time and again, moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights, which appeared to greatly change their flight paths. If the light is above them, they might start orbiting it, but if it’s behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground. Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations. Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats. The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime, causing them to bed down and skip a night’s feeding. There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. “What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects? For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,” Fabian said. 8. What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Popularized widely. B. Discussed openly. C. Defined accurately. D. Explored academically. 9. Fabian’s study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because ______. A. they can’t keep their balance. B. they use improper flight attitude. C. they lose track of which way is up. D. they are attracted to lights from far away. 10. What is the significance of the research finding? A. It may lead to better conservation of insects. B. Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of. C. Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night. D. It may raise concerns for insects’ eating behavior. 11. What is the text mainly about? A. Why insects lose their ability to fly at night. B. Why artificial light and evolution trap insects. C. How artificial light impacts insect populations. D. How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight. D Speaking a native language that requires tones appears to boost perception (感知) of melody, but at the cost of rhythm, researchers report April 26 in Current Biology. The massive global study hints at how language skills seep into other areas of cognition. Tonal (声调的) languages use pitch to distinguish words that otherwise might sound the same. In Mandarin, for instance, mü means horse whereas mä means mother. Nontonal languages like Spanish sometimes include pitch changes to suggest emotion, for example, but not to change a word’s meaning. As a Mandarin speaker and flutist, Jingxuan Liu wondered about the crossover between language and music. While studying psychology as an undergraduate at Duke University, Liu helped analyze the musical abilities of nearly half a million people from 203 countries. Her colleagues had launched an online game in which participants completed several musical tasks, including identifying matching melodies at different pitches and finding beat tracks that fit songs’ rhythms. On average, native speakers of the 19 represented tonal languages were better at the melody task compared with speakers of 29 nontonal languages. And the effect wasn’t small — a tonal first language enhanced melodic perception by about half the amount that music lessons did, which was also surveyed. But tonal language speakers tended to be worse at the rhythm task. Humans must be choosy about what they pay attention to. Pitch patterns are vital in tonal languages, which might explain the musical trade-off. “You’ve got a finite resource of attention, and you’ve got to allocate that somehow,” says study coauthor Courtney Hilton, a cognitive scientist at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. Prior research on language and music often compared just two tongues, usually English and Cantonese or Mandarin. But other cultural influences, such as Eastern and Western music styles, could have affected results. By examining a wide range of people, the new study included languages never assessed in this way and reached more general conclusions. “Our result here is showing that the language someone speaks — which is an important part of culture — also shapes cognition, Hilton says. 12. What do the underlined words “seep into” in the first paragraph mean? A. Enter gradually. B. Control constantly C. Damage slightly. D. Understand completely. 13. What information can we get from the musical tasks of Jingxuan Liu’s colleagues? A. Tonal languages determine our music abilities. B. Tonal first languages can take the place of music lessons. C. Tonal language speakers perform better in the rhythm tasks. D. Tonal languages help native speakers to better acquire melody. 14. Which of the following statements does Courtney Hilton most agree with? A. The musical trade-off enhances human cognition. B. The musical abilities boost human perception of melody. C. A limited span of attention accounts for human musical trade-off. D. English and Cantonese or Mandarin affect human musical abilities. 15. What is the text mainly about? A. Native language influences human culture. B. Native language might shape musical ability. C. Native language is an important part of culture. D. Native language enhances human melodic perception. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 25-26 高一上 第二次月考复习 – 专项训练 目录 1. 24-25 苏州 园区星海实验中学 高一上 12月月考 2. 24-25 苏州姑苏区第十中学 高一上 12月月考 3. 24-25 苏州姑苏区苏州大学附属中学 高一上 12月月考 4. 24-25 常州高级中学 高一上 12月月考 5. 24-25 常州市五校联考 高一上 12月月考 6. 24-25 海安高级中学 高一上 12月月考 7. 24-25 南京师范大学附属中学 高一上 12月月考 8. 24-25 泰州中学 高一上 12月月考 9. 24-25 锡山高级中学 高一上 12月测试 10. 24-25 扬州大学附属中学 高一上 12月月考 11. 24-25 扬州市八校 高一上 12月学情检测 12. 24-25 扬州市广陵区扬州中学 高一上 12月月考 1. 24-25 苏州 园区星海实验中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Damian Stefaniuk and his colleagues at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed a novel energy storage device—a supercapacitor — using three basic, inexpensive materials: water, cement, and a soot (煤灰) — like substance called carbon black, a highly conductive substance. Supercapacitors are highly efficient at storing energy but differ from batteries in some important ways. They can charge much more quickly than a lithium (锂) battery and don’t suffer from the same levels of degradation in performance. But supercapacitors also release the power they store rapidly, making them less useful in devices such as mobile phones, laptops or electric cars where a steady supply of energy is needed over an extended period of time. Yet according to Stefaniuk, carbon-cement supercapacitors could make an important contribution to efforts to decarbonise the global economy. “If it can be scaled up, the technology can help solve an important issue — the storing of renewable energy,” he says. He and his fellow researchers at MIT and Harvard University’s Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, envision several applications for their supercapacitors. One might be to create roads that store solar energy and then release it to recharge electric cars wirelessly as they drive along a road. The rapid release of energy from the carbon-cement supercapacitor would allow vehicles to get a rapid boost to their batteries. Another would be as energy-storing foundations of houses — “to have walls, or foundations, or columns, that not only support the structure but also store energy”, says Stefaniuk. But it is still early days. For now, the concrete supercapacitor can store a little under 300 watt-hours per cubic metre-enough to power a 10-watt LED light bulb for 30 hours. The power “may seem low compared to conventional batteries, but a foundation with 30-40 cubic metres of concrete could be sufficient to meet the daily energy needs of a residential house”, says Stefaniuk. “Given the widespread use of concrete globally, this material has the potential to be highly competitive and useful in energy storage.” 8. What might be an advantage of supercapacitors? A. They require little care. B. They are lighter in design. C. They discharge power in a stable manner. D. They continue to work effectively over time. 9. How does the author highlight the application of supercapacitors? A. By giving instructions. B. By providing examples. C. By making comparisons. D. By presenting cause and effect. 10. What is the challenge faced by the widespread use of supercapacitors? A. They are not conductive enough for practical use. B. They store less energy than conventional batteries. C. They are made from materials that are difficult to obtain. D. They require highly specialized manufacturing equipment. 11. What is the purpose of this text? A. To present a problem. B. To explain a process. C. To introduce a solution. D. To advocate an action. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B 11. C 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了MIT的Damian Stefaniuk和团队开发了一种新型超级电容器，使用水、水泥和碳黑。尽管这种超级电容器充电速度快，释放能量迅速，但在实际应用中目前储能较低。未来可用于储存可再生能源、为电动车无线充电或作为建筑物的能量储存基础设施。 【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Supercapacitors are highly efficient at storing energy but differ from batteries in some important ways. They can charge much more quickly than a lithium (锂) battery and don’t suffer from the same levels of degradation in performance.(超级电容器在储存能量方面效率很高，但在一些重要方面与电池不同。它们的充电速度比锂电池快得多，而且不会出现同样程度的性能下降)”可知，超级电容器在储能方面非常高效，但与电池有一些重要区别。它们充电速度比锂电池快得多，且性能衰退程度较低，随着时间的推移能继续有效工作。故选D项。 【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“One might be to create roads that store solar energy and then release it to recharge electric cars wirelessly as they drive along a road. The rapid release of energy from the carbon-cement supercapacitor would allow vehicles to get a rapid boost to their batteries. Another would be as energy-storing foundations of houses — “to have walls, or foundations, or columns, that not only support the structure but also store energy”, says Stefaniuk.(一种可能是建造储存太阳能的道路，然后在电动汽车沿着道路行驶时通过无线方式释放太阳能给它们充电。碳水泥超级电容器的快速释放能量将使汽车的电池得到快速的提升。另一种可能是作为房屋的储能基础——“墙壁、基础或柱子不仅支撑结构，还能储存能量，”Stefaniuk说)”可推知，这一段主要是用举例子的方式来阐明超级电容器的应用。故选B项。 【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The power “may seem low compared to conventional batteries, but a foundation with 30-40 cubic metres of concrete could be sufficient to meet the daily energy needs of a residential house”, says Stefaniuk.(Stefaniuk说：“与传统电池相比，这种电池的能量可能看起来很低，但一个30-40立方米的混凝土地基足以满足一座住宅的日常能源需求。”)” 可知，超级电容器的广泛应用所面临的挑战是它们比传统电池储存更少的能量。故选B项。 【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Yet according to Stefaniuk, carbon-cement supercapacitors could make an important contribution to efforts to decarbonise the global economy. “If it can be scaled up, the technology can help solve an important issue-the storing of renewable energy,” he says.(然而，根据Stefaniuk的说法，碳水泥超级电容器可以为全球经济脱碳做出重要贡献。他说：“如果能扩大规模，这项技术可以帮助解决一个重要的问题——可再生能源的储存。”)”可知，碳水泥超级电容器在全球经济脱碳的努力中可能发挥重要作用。如果这种技术能够规模化应用，它将有助于解决可再生能源储存这一重要问题。以及文章最后一段中“Given the widespread use of concrete globally, this material has the potential to be highly competitive and useful in energy storage.(鉴于混凝土在全球范围内的广泛使用，这种材料在储能方面具有很强的竞争力和实用性)”也可知，考虑到水泥在全世界的广泛使用，以其为主要原材料的超级电容器在储能方面将具备大的优势，这有助于解决可再生能源储存的问题。由此推知，这篇文章的目的是引入一个解决方案。故选C项。 D Can the path of a child’s life — things like their future grade point average (GPA) — be predicted using computer models? In theory, this idea isn’t outlandish. In today’s digital world, algorithms (算法) can predict patient health outcomes and loan repayment likelihood. So researchers wondered whether this sort of analysis could help predict a child’s future. In a new study, Lundberg and his colleagues dug into why the earlier study failed to forecast the kids’ outcomes accurately — zeroing in on GPA. They reconnected with 40 families and interviewed them extensively to learn more about their lives. The findings suggest that the shortcomings in predicting outcomes wasn’t just about a lack of data or computational limits. Rather, that there is a fundamental limit on our ability to foretell the complexities of life. This failure of prediction can be attributed to two main sources. First is something called irreducible error. An example of this is an unexpected event that could happen to a child in their adolescent years that can’t be foreseen — something like a parent’s death, says Lundberg. “In that case, there’s really no machine learning or computational methods that can make prediction better,” he adds. The second is learning error: errors within an algorithm’s learning process. The kinds of outcomes the scientists were trying to measure like grades and family hardships are influenced by a lot of different variables, which can form patterns that an algorithm can learn and then use to predict an outcome. But when there are too many variables, sometimes algorithms can learn the wrong pattern, says Lundberg. This type of learning error can be made smaller with more individuals. But for long-term studies like this, it’s difficult to get more than a few thousand people to participate. The new findings also highlight the value of qualitative (定性的) research — conducting interviews and talking with human beings can yield insights that a quantitative approach can’t. Some qualitative observations made by sociologists, such as how people interact and form relationships, are hard to translate into a number, says Sotoudeh, and could also be influencing outcomes. “The answer is not always more data,” echoes Sotoudeh. “Social outcomes, they’re unpredictable and they’re complex. And we just have to make peace with this unpredictability.” 12. What does the underlined word “outlandish” mean? A. Strange. B. Practical. C. Normal. D. Familiar. 13. Why couldn’t the kids’ GPA be predicted accurately in the earlier study? A. There’s a basic limit to predicting life’s complexities. B. There was insufficient participation from the families. C. The computational models were not powerful enough. D. The study lacked enough historical data on GPA trends. 14. What can we learn about learning error in paragraph 4? A. It can be avoided by increasing sample size. B. It is an indicator of how well a model performs. C. It is helpful for training models and enhancing their performance. D. It is fundamentally caused by the existence of numerous variables. 15. What does Sotoudeh suggest about qualitative research? A. It is not as valuable as quantitative research. B. It relies on large amount of data to predict outcomes. C. It primarily addresses errors in computational models. D. It helps provide perspectives that numbers alone might miss. 【答案】12. A 13. A 14. D 15. D 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，尽管算法能预测某些结果，但预测孩子未来的GPA仍存在问题。这主要归因于两方面：不可减少的误差和学习误差。同时，定性研究也揭示了复杂社会现象的不可预测性。 【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Can the path of a child’s life — things like their future grade point average (GPA) — be predicted using computer models? (一个孩子的人生道路——比如他们未来的平均绩点（GPA）——可以用计算机模型来预测吗？)”以及“In today’s digital world, algorithms (算法) can predict patient health outcomes and loan repayment likelihood.(在当今的数字世界中，算法可以预测患者的健康结果和贷款偿还的可能性)”可知，此处为从理论上讲，这个想法并不奇怪。由此推知，划线单词outlandish为“古怪的”意思，与A项Strange“奇怪的”意思相近。故选A项。 【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The findings suggest that the shortcomings in predicting outcomes wasn’t just about a lack of data or computational limits. Rather, that there is a fundamental limit on our ability to foretell the complexities of life.(研究结果表明，预测结果的缺点不仅仅是缺乏数据或计算限制。相反，我们预测生命复杂性的能力有一个根本的限制)”可知，早期的研究中不能准确预测孩子们的GPA是因为预测生活的复杂性有一个基本的限制。故选A项。 【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“But when there are too many variables, sometimes algorithms can learn the wrong pattern, says Lundberg. This type of learning error can be made smaller with more individuals. But for long-term studies like this, it’s difficult to get more than a few thousand people to participate.(但当变量太多时，有时算法会学习到错误的模式，伦德伯格说。这种类型的学习错误可以随着个体的增加而减小。但对于像这样的长期研究，很难让几千人以上参与)”可知，从第四段中我们可以了解到学习误差的根本原因是由众多变量的存在引起的。故选D项。 【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The new findings also highlight the value of qualitative (定性的) research — conducting interviews and talking with human beings can yield insights that a quantitative approach can’t.(新的发现还强调了定性研究的价值——进行访谈和与人交谈可以获得定量方法无法获得的见解)”可推知，Sotoudeh对定性研究认为它有助于提供数字本身可能无法提供的视角。故选D项。 2. 24-25 苏州姑苏区第十中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。 C To solve a big environmental problem, chemists in the Czech Republic have been thinking small. Really small. Their new minirobot has one purpose: to help clean up tiny bits of plastic polluting waterways across the globe. Each new robot is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. They are magnetic (有磁性的) and shaped like stars. When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they stick to it and start to break it down. When the light goes out, they let go and are free to be used again. “This work is great,” says Douglas Blackiston at Tufts University in Medford, Mass. He’s a biologist who did not work on the project but knows about such devices. He’s been designing robots out of living cells, including some that might help with pollution cleanup. Speaking of the new one, he mentions that, “These robots can eat plastic. They chew it up. Or they can recover it and be collected with a magnet. Scientists love robots with all these capabilities. ” Chemist Martin Pumera at the Czech University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague led the project. He studies ways to build microrobots. About a decade ago, he says, scientists began developing tiny bots that could move themselves in water. Then, they had to find them a mission and thought “Let’s make them do something useful.” Since then, Pumera has focused on the problem posed by microplastics, which are everywhere—from the bottom of the ocean to air blowing onto ice atop mountains. They’ve turned up in drinking water, both bottled and tap water, and some studies estimate that trillions of pieces of plastic end up in the world’s waters. The plastic has many sources, from drinking straws and shopping bags to laundry and cleaning wipes. Plastic doesn’t easily degrade or fall apart, and that’s always been one of its appeals. Pumera says his final goal is to make cheap and environmentally friendly robots that can be used anywhere in the world. 8. What do the new robots mainly do? A. To collect tiny bits of plastic in the sea B. To push the pollution in water away C. To help do research into the plastic D. To deal with the plastic in water 9. How do the new robots get powered? A. By stars B. By plastic C. By sunlight D. By living cells 10. Why did Pumera take part in the project? A. Because of public attention to the plastic B. Because of the challenges from the plastic C. Because he was asked to do so by other scientists D. Because he was inspired by the invention of microrobots 11. What is the best title of the article? A. Small robots, big dreams B. No plastic in water anymore! C. Robots, winners against plastic D. The fight between robots and plastic 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一种新型微型机器人，它可以帮助清理全球污染水道的塑料碎片。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容“To solve a big environmental problem, chemists in the Czech Republic have been thinking small. Really small. Their new minirobot has one purpose: to help clean up tiny bits of plastic polluting waterways across the globe.”（为了解决一个大的环境问题，捷克共和国的化学家们一直在考虑小问题。真的很小。他们的新型微型机器人有一个目的：帮助清理全球污染水道的塑料碎片。）可知，这种新型微型机器人用来帮助清理全球污染水道的塑料碎片，由此可知，新机器人主要处理水中的塑料。故选D项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they stick to it and start to break it down. When the light goes out, they let go and are free to be used again.”（当阳光照射到它们时，它们会产生化学反应，将它们按特定的方向在水中推进。当他们发现一块塑料时，他们会粘在上面并开始分解。当灯熄灭时，它们松开，可以自由再次使用。）可知，当阳光照射到这种机器人时，它们会产生化学反应，将它们按特定的方向在水中推进，发现并处理垃圾，由此可知，新机器人是通过阳光获得动力的。故选C项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Then, they had to find them a mission and thought “Let’s make them do something useful.” Since then, Pumera has focused on the problem posed by microplastics, which are everywhere—from the bottom of the ocean to air blowing onto ice atop mountains.”（然后，他们不得不给它们找一个任务，并想“我们让他们做一些有用的事情。”从那时起，Pumera开始关注微塑料带来的问题，从海底到空气吹到的山顶的冰上，微塑料无处不在。）和“Plastic doesn’t easily degrade or fall apart, and that’s always been one of its appeals.”（塑料不容易降解或分解，这一直是它的吸引力之一。）可知，Pumera希望自己研发的机器人能做一些有用的事情，他开始关注微塑料带来的问题，塑料不容易降解或分解，给环境带来了挑战，这是吸引Pumera从事该项研究的原因之一，由此可知，Pumera参与该项目是因为塑料带来的挑战。故选B项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读文章，结合第一段内容“To solve a big environmental problem, chemists in the Czech Republic have been thinking small. Really small. Their new minirobot has one purpose: to help clean up tiny bits of plastic polluting waterways across the globe.”（为了解决一个大的环境问题，捷克共和国的化学家们一直在考虑小问题。真的很小。他们的新型微型机器人有一个目的：帮助清理全球污染水道的塑料碎片。）可知，本文主要介绍了化学家们发明的微型机器人，它可以解决一个大的环境问题，那就是帮助清理全球污染水道的塑料碎片，机器人虽小，但能解决大的问题，“Small robots, big dreams”意为“小机器人，大梦想”，能够概括文章主要内容。故选A项。 D A study led by a researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology has updated the fossil (化石) record of mosquitoes (蚊子) by nearly 30 million years and has discovered that ancient male mosquitoes also fed on blood. The study was published online on Monday in the journal Current Biology, which discovered the oldest-known mosquito fossils --- two males dating back 130 million years near the town of Hammana in Lebanon. Dany Azar, who led the study, said the fossils not only told us the ancient origins of mosquitoes but also their feeding habits during the early stages of their growth. “We find that the mosquito group is developing, which gives us an idea about their behavior of feeding on blood” said Azar, who has been working on the subject for more than 25 years. Before the recent findings and their study, only female mosquitoes were known to feed on blood, which they need for protein to produce their eggs. Males, which lack skin-piercing (刺入皮肤的) mouthparts, mostly feed on honey and plant juices. “The feeding habits of insects, such as feeding on blood, are believed to have developed from their piercing mouthparts. However, studying the development of this behavior has been challenging due to the lack of insect fossil records.” Azar said. While reexamining the mosquito fossils last year, Azar found that their unique piercing mouthparts, very similar to those of female mosquitoes today, had been kept well. Their sharp mandibles (下颌骨) gradually disappeared over the centuries. Based on the findings, the researchers agreed that male mosquitoes fed on blood 130 million years ago. Azar, who is now a professor at the Nanjing institute, said he hopes that joint scientific explorations can be widely carried out in the future to promote more discoveries. 12. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Female mosquitoes feed on blood for protein to produce eggs. B. A minority of male mosquitoes feed on honey and plant juices. C. Two female mosquito fossils were found near the town of Hammana. D. Male mosquitoes have the same feeding habits as female mosquitoes. 13. According to Azar, why is the study on the development of feeding on blood challenging? A. Because his team lacks money. B. Because there is no talent studying it. C. Because his team wants to study another subject. D. Because his team is short of insect fossil records. 14. What conclusion can we draw from mosquito fossils? A. Female mosquitoes fed on blood 130 million years ago. B. Male mosquitoes’ sharp mouthparts gradually disappeared. C. The mouthparts of the female mosquitoes have been kept well. D. Male mosquitoes once shared similar mouthparts with female today. 15. What’s the article mainly about? A. The mosquito group is developing. B. Ancient male mosquitoes probably fed on blood. C. The oldest-known mosquito fossils were discovered. D. Female and male mosquitoes share similar feeding habits now. 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. D 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所的一名研究人员领导的一项研究将蚊子的化石记录更新了近3000万年，并发现古代雄性蚊子也以血为食。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Before the recent findings and their study, only female mosquitoes were known to feed on blood, which they need for protein to produce their eggs.(在最近的发现和他们的研究之前，人们只知道雌性蚊子以血液为食，它们需要血液提供蛋白质来产卵。)”可知，雌蚊以血液为食以获取蛋白质产卵。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“However, studying the development of this behavior has been challenging due to the lack of insect fossil records.(然而，由于缺乏昆虫化石记录，研究这种行为的发展一直具有挑战性。)”可知，研究以血液为食的发展具有挑战性是因为他的团队缺少昆虫化石记录。故选D。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“While reexamining the mosquito fossils last year, Azar found that their unique piercing mouthparts, very similar to those of female mosquitoes today, had been kept well.(在去年重新检查蚊子化石时，Azar发现它们独特的穿孔口器被保存得很好，与今天的雌蚊子非常相似。)”可知，从蚊子化石中我们可以得出的结论是雄蚊曾经和雌蚊用类似的口器。故选D。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A study led by a researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology has updated the fossil (化石) record of mosquitoes (蚊子) by nearly 30 million years and has discovered that ancient male mosquitoes also fed on blood.(中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所的一名研究人员领导的一项研究将蚊子的化石记录更新了近3000万年，并发现古代雄性蚊子也以血为食。)”可知，本文主要讲的是中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所发现古代雄性蚊子也以血为食，因此主旨是B选项“Ancient male mosquitoes probably fed on blood.(古代的雄蚊可能以血为食。)”。故选B。 3. 24-25 苏州姑苏区苏州大学附属中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读理解 C Relationships-romantic or not-are full of disappointment and frustration (沮丧). Even the most sincere and loving friends will have differing opinions. Sometimes, our heart broke when our friends arrive. Imagine this: you’ve just painted a picture you consider a great work, but the meaningful smile on your friends’ face upon seeing it tells you that, however highly they praise your painting, it is no masterpiece to them. People have long sought ways to circumvent these frustrations with art or technology. An old Roman tale tells of a man who once made his ideal friend out of stone, which was later brought to life through his prayer and communicated only with him. Similarly, modern young people also refuse undesirable socializing by watching movies and surfing the Internet. Sometimes it seems as if we can’t live with people. Yet, as social beings, we can’t live without them. When I first began having conversations with ChatGPT, I wondered if I had found a new friend. The chatbot seemed able to discuss anything. We had discussion on countless topics, in which it seemed to willingly accept some of my arguments, and its conclusion mirrored my own thoughts in a way that made me think, “Yes, we’re on the same wavelength!” As a friend, ChatGPT has qualities that a human friend could hardly match. It can offer a wealth of knowledge on any subject although sometimes it may repeat misinformation or make minor mistakes. Furthermore, it will never tell you that it is too busy or not in the mood to talk with you. However, if we can not accept the frustrations brought by human friends, there is a great chance that we can’t really know ourselves, and thus we won’t really grow. How do you react when you realize that your painting is actually not a great one? You won’t know unless you show it to someone and get a true and honest answer. When you and a friend want to do different things, will you compromise (妥协) or force your ideas on your friend? ChatGPT won’t give you the responses you expect from a human friend. However enjoyable your discussions with it may be, the relationships you develop with your fellow humans have no equal. 8. What does the example in Paragraph 1 show? A. The possibility of friends lying to you. B. The difference in opinion between friends. C. The difficulty in creating a great artwork. D. The importance of seeking friends’ praise. 9. What does the underlined word “circumvent” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Experience. B. Face. C. Avoid. D. Judge. 10. What makes ChatGPT seem like a good friend? A. It’s knowledgeable and like-minded. B. It never makes a mistake in discussion C. It considers your painting a great work. D. It allows you to know yourself and grow. 11. What does the author want to say according to the text? A. There is no replacement for human friends. B. Humans should avoid all social activities. C. Technology and art are better than friendship. D. ChatGPT is the perfect friend for everyone. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文简单概括了人们在社交关系中常遇到的失望与沮丧，并介绍了现代人通过艺术、科技等方式来规避这种情绪的现象。但文章也指出，与真实的人类朋友相比，AI无法提供人类情感的真实反馈和成长机会，因此人类与真实朋友的关系是无可替代的。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Sometimes, our heart broke when our friends arrive. Imagine this: you’ve just painted a picture you consider a great work, but the meaningful smile on your friends’ face upon seeing it tells you that, however highly they praise your painting, it is no masterpiece to them.(有时候，当我们的朋友到来时，我们的心都碎了。想象一下：你刚刚画了一幅你认为是伟大的作品，但是你的朋友看到这幅画时脸上意味深长的微笑告诉你，无论他们对你的画评价有多高，这幅画对他们来说都不是杰作。)”可知，这个例子说明了即使是最真诚和友爱的朋友之间也会有不同的看法。故选B。 【9题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Sometimes, our heart broke when our friends arrive. Imagine this: you’ve just painted a picture you consider a great work, but the meaningful smile on your friends’ face upon seeing it tells you that, however highly they praise your painting, it is no masterpiece to them.(有时候，当我们的朋友到来时，我们的心都碎了。想象一下：你刚刚画了一幅你认为是伟大的作品，但是你的朋友看到这幅画时脸上意味深长的微笑告诉你，无论他们对你的画评价有多高，这幅画对他们来说都不是杰作。)”可知，这个例子说明了即使是最真诚和友爱的朋友之间也会有不同的看法。同时根据划线词前面的内容“People have long sought ways…these frustrations with art or technology. (长期以来，人们一直在寻找通过艺术或技术来……这些挫折的方法。)”可知，人们一直在寻求通过艺术或技术来避免这些令人沮丧的情绪即通过艺术或者技术的手段避免第一段中所提及情况的出现。故划线词与C选项“Avoid(避免)”为同义词。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“It can offer a wealth of knowledge on any subject although sometimes it may repeat misinformation or make minor mistakes. Furthermore, it will never tell you that it is too busy or not in the mood to talk with you.(它可以提供关于任何主题的丰富知识，尽管有时它可能会重复错误信息或犯一些小错误。此外，它永远不会告诉你，它太忙或没有心情和你说话。)”可知，作为朋友，ChatGPT拥有一个人类朋友几乎无法比拟的品质。它可以就任何主题提供丰富的知识，此外，它永远不会告诉你它太忙或没有心情和你交谈，即ChatGPT之所以看起来像是一个好朋友，是因为它既知识渊博又与作者志同道合。故选A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, if we cannot accept the frustrations brought by human friends, there is a great chance that we can’t really know ourselves, and thus we won’t really grow.( 然而，如果我们不能接受人类朋友带来的挫折，我们很有可能无法真正了解自己，因此我们不会真正成长。)”以及“However enjoyable your discussions with it may be, the relationships you develop with your fellow humans have no equal.( 无论你与它的讨论多么愉快，你与你的人类同伴发展的关系都是不平等的。)”可知，尽管与ChatGPT的讨论可能很有趣，但与人类建立的关系是无与伦比的。因此，作者想要表达的是人类朋友是无法替代的。 故选A。 D The past 50 years have not been good for honeybees. Their numbers have greatly reduced throughout the world, and now a research project by the American University of Maryland is showing that bee lifespans (寿命) have fallen by as much as 50% since the 1970s. Most previous bee studies have focused on environmental factors. The Maryland scientists, on the other hand, wanted to find out how long bees can survive in a controlled lab environment. They collected bee pupae (蛹) of workers that were less than 24 hours old to study how long they could survive without influence from the outside world. The scientists placed the bees in customized containers feeding them different types of water such as tap water, demineralized water, and sugar water. They found that the water type had no effect on lifespans, which were an average of 17.7 days. Comparing their results with studies from the 2000s, scientists found bees had survived longer back then. Further comparing data from similar studies beginning in 1969, they realized that a honeybee’s average lifespan has been halved. Studies from the 1970s had an average bee lifespan of 34.4 days. The differences seemed related neither to food nor to conditions and surroundings. And because the scientists collected the bees before they became adults, they could rule out external factors such as chemical use or lack of food. The scientists believe that the cause is in bee genetics (遗传学), and may be related to modern beekeeping practices, especially the speed at which beekeepers replace their bees with new ones. Normally, beekeepers will replace bees when they age naturally and die. But over the past 14 years, reports from American beekeepers have recorded annual losses of bee colonies (群) of 30% - 40%. This might be because beekeepers are replacing their bees more frequently, as the bees die earlier. Further studies are planned to find out whether this is a global trend, if it can be proved that this is to do with bee genetics, and to find strategies that might slow the losses of bee colonies, and so restore the decreasing lifespans of honeybees. 12. Why did the researchers collect bee pupae rather than adult bees? A. They were easier to control in the lab. B. They had the same remaining lifespans. C. They could be fed with three types of water. D. They had limited contact with the outside world. 13. What can be concluded from the comparison of the studies over the years? A. Food for bees was not enough in the 1970s. B. Surroundings have affected bee lifespans. C. Earlier bees survived longer. D. High bee losses have led to fewer beekeepers. 14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Effective modern beekeeping practices. B. Higher replacement rates of aging bees. C. Challenges American beekeepers are facing. D. Possible causes of honeybee lifespan fall. 15. What will most probably be done next? A. Finding other ways to raise bees. B. Conducting a worldwide survey. C. Studying more similar studies from the past. D. Explain the influence of losses of bee colonies. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了关于蜜蜂寿命缩短的研究。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They collected bee pupae (蛹) of workers that were less than 24 hours old to study how long they could survive without influence from the outside world.(他们收集了工蜂24小时以内的蛹，以研究它们在没有外界影响的情况下能存活多久)”可知，研究者收集的是蜜蜂的蛹而不是成虫，是因为蛹与外界的接触有限，这样可以排除外部因素对研究结果的影响。故选D。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Comparing their results with studies from the 2000s, scientists found bees had survived longer back then. Further comparing data from similar studies beginning in 1969, they realized that a honeybee’s average lifespan has been halved.(科学家将他们的研究结果与2000年的研究进行比较，发现那时的蜜蜂存活时间更长。进一步与1969年开始的类似研究数据进行比较，他们意识到蜜蜂的平均寿命已经减半)”可知，通过对比不同年代的研究数据，科学家发现早期的蜜蜂存活时间更长。故选C。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“The scientists believe that the cause is in bee genetics (遗传学), and may be related to modern beekeeping practices, especially the speed at which beekeepers replace their bees with new ones.(科学家认为原因是蜜蜂的遗传学，可能与现代养蜂实践有关，特别是养蜂人更换新蜂的速度)”可知，该段主要讨论了蜜蜂寿命缩短的可能原因，即与蜜蜂的遗传学和现代养蜂实践（特别是更换新蜂的速度）有关。故选D。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Further studies are planned to find out whether this is a global trend, if it can be proved that this is to do with bee genetics, and to find strategies that might slow the losses of bee colonies, and so restore the decreasing lifespans of honeybees.(计划进行进一步的研究，以查明这是否是一个全球趋势，如果这能证明与蜜蜂遗传学有关，并找到可能减缓蜂群损失的策略，从而恢复蜜蜂不断下降的寿命)”可知，下一步计划进行的研究包括查明蜜蜂寿命缩短是否是全球趋势，并寻找可能减缓蜂群损失的策略。这暗示了接下来可能会进行一项全球性的调查或研究。故选B。 4. 24-25 常州高级中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C After years of pounding my knees and ankles in dashes and the long jump, pain ended my decades of track and field competition. But how do you live without the adrenaline (肾上腺素) of racing? That’s simple. You just become sensible at age sixty and turn to competitive swimming! Suddenly, the pounding was gone, and so was the pain. However, in less than a month, I was fed up with pool laps and no sights. Now what? A friend in the Annapolis Striders had the answer. This marathoner said he had stayed fit by intense walking while healing from a running injury. “Try it,” he said. “It’s even a competitive sport.” Sure enough, a certain kind of energetic walking is a 100-year-old Olympic event called racewalking. I took to this sport immediately. I didn’t have to enter races to be a racewalker. However, those who compete must follow rules and must please numerous hard-eyed judges or be disqualified (DQ). But for me, doing it was enough. It took me many months to become smooth in the style. I had lost a sport but had found another. Then came a disaster. Lower back pain had arrived. “Surgery is a last solution,” I was told. Dr. Clifford Solomon, super-surgeon of Annapolis, Maryland, had the cure. It left me with full leg control, but a flopping (耷拉的) foot. I would be able to jog, but not meet racewalk rules. By chance I tuned the TV to an old movie showing Fred Astaire dancing up a storm. From the ankle down, his feet swiveled (旋转) in the very motion I needed. I turned off the TV and went to the Senior Center. As the only man among twenty-nine students in the tap dancing class I learned that grandmothers are programmed to care for any wounded creature. Some paid particular attention to this seventy-five-year-old patient, staying after class to guide and inspire. With examples, humor, encouragement and advice, they taught me to tap dance. They cured my flopping foot. Within a year, I was competing well enough to enter the USA Track and Field Nationals in Boston and break the American record for the 3,000-meter racewalk. And now, at eighty-six, I’m still competing and often thinking of those ladies. 8. Why did the author stop swimming? A. He couldn’t bear the pain any longer. B. He lost the ability to compete with others. C. He couldn’t adjust adrenaline to normal levels. D. He was bored with it and couldn’t enjoy scenery. 9. What did the author spend many months doing? A. Visiting lots of strict judges. B. Competing in racewalking events. C. Perfecting his racewalking techniques. D. Searching for other ways to exercise. 10. What does the author want to stress in paragraph 5? A. He was the only one in need of care. B. He received the female classmates’ kindness. C. He engaged in diverse after-class activities. D. The class was mostly made up of elderly students. 11. Which of the following can best describe the author? A. Determined and traditional. B. Energetic and adventurous. C. Hard-working and persistent. D. Responsible and courageous. 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. B 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因伤痛放弃田径比赛后，转向游泳，后又因无聊放弃，最终在朋友的建议下开始竞走，即使后来遭遇疾病，也坚持锻炼，最终打破美国3000米竞走纪录的故事。 【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, in less than a month, I was fed up with pool laps and no sights. (然而，不到一个月，我就厌倦了泳池里的圈数和没有风景)”可知，作者停止游泳是因为他厌倦了，而且游泳时看不到风景。故选D。 【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“I took to this sport immediately. I didn’t have to enter races to be a racewalker. However, those who compete must follow rules and must please numerous hard-eyed judges or be disqualified (DQ). But for me, doing it was enough. It took me many months to become smooth in the style.(我立刻喜欢上了这项运动。我不必参加比赛就能成为一名竞走者。然而，那些参加比赛的人必须遵守规则，必须取悦众多目光严厉的裁判，否则就会被取消资格。但对我来说，去做这件事就足够了。我花了好几个月的时间来熟悉这项运动)”可知，作者花了很多个月的时间去完善他的竞走技巧。故选C。 【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“As the only man among twenty-nine students in the tap dancing class I learned that grandmothers are programmed to care for any wounded creature. Some paid particular attention to this seventy-five-year-old patient, staying after class to guide and inspire. (作为踢踏舞班29名学生中唯一的男生，我了解到奶奶们天生就会照顾任何受伤的生物。一些人特别关注这位75岁的病人，课后留下来指导和鼓励他)”可知，在第五段中作者想强调他受到了踢踏舞班女同学们的善意和关心。故选B。 【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“But how do you live without the adrenaline (肾上腺素) of racing? That’s simple. You just become sensible at age sixty and turn to competitive swimming! Suddenly, the pounding was gone, and so was the pain.(但是没有比赛的肾上腺素，你怎么生活呢？那很简单。你只是在60岁时变得理智，转向竞技游泳！突然，那种重击感消失了，疼痛也消失了)”和最后一段中“Within a year, I was competing well enough to enter the USA Track and Field Nationals in Boston and break the American record for the 3,000-meter racewalk. And now, at eighty-six, I’m still competing and often thinking of those ladies.(不到一年，我的比赛水平就提高到足以参加在波士顿举行的美国田径全国赛，并打破了美国3000米竞走的纪录。现在，我已经86岁了，还在继续比赛，经常想起那些女士们)”可知，已经不再年轻的作者在经历了田径运动受伤后，不断尝试新的运动项目，先是游泳，后是竞走，即便遭遇了伤病等挫折，依然没有放弃，又去学习踢踏舞，并且还能在高龄时继续参与竞赛，充分展现出精力充沛(energetic)且敢于冒险、不断探索新事物(adventurous)的特点。故选B。 D Most people hate mosquitoes (蚊子) - but scientists are about to build a “mosquito factory” to release modified mosquitoes. The modified mosquitoes carry a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis (沃尔巴克氏菌) which can be naturally found in most insect species. However, it’s rarely discovered in mosquitoes. “We actually grow these mosquitoes that contain the bacterium,” Scott O’ Neil. An Australian scientist who is involved in the project, told CBC News. When the modified mosquitoes are released, they slowly spread the bacterium to the population. Several studies have demonstrated the insects’ success. For example, a controlled experiment in Indonesia showed that the modified insect helped reduce the cases of the disease dengue (登革热) by 77 percent, according to a study paper published in 2021. The World Mosquito Program has announced that it will release modified mosquitoes in many of Brazil’s urban areas over the next 10 years. The aim is to protect up to 70 million people from diseases such as dengue, a disease mainly spread by mosquitoes. Dengue patients may have mild symptoms (症状) like fever, but severe cases can lead to death. Brazil has one of the highest rates of dengue infection in the world, according to the Nature website. “More than 1,000 people died of dengue in 2022 because of the spread of mosquitoes. It’s going everywhere,” Luciano Moreira, a scientist at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, told CBC News. Another way to prevent mosquitoes from spreading diseases is by producing genetically modified (GM, 转基因的) mosquitoes. In 2022, the US Environmental Protection Agency cleared the release of 2.4 billion GM mosquitoes in California and Florida. According to the agency, GM mosquitoes carry two types of genes: a self-limiting gen that prevents female offspring (后代) from surviving to adulthood, and a marker gene that allows researchers to identify GM ones in the wild. After being released, GM mosquitoes lay eggs, so the genes are passed on to offspring. In this way, the number of female mosquitoes is reduced, therefore reducing the chance of spreading disease. 12. Why are the modified mosquitoes grown according to Scott O’ Neil? A. To prevent mosquitoes from biting people. B. To make money for the scientists involved. C. To reduce the number of insects in the world. D. To spread a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis. 13. What can we learn about the release of modified mosquitoes in Brazil? A. The decision to do so is only based on scientific research. B. The program will immediately reduce dengue cases by 77%. C. The high infection rate of dengue in Brazil is a key factor to it. D. The program aims to remove dengue completely within the next decade. 14. What does the underlined word “cleared” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Permitted. B. Removed. C. Judged. D. Limited. 15. What might be the best title for the text? A. Modified Mosquitoes to Fight Diseases B. The Benefits of Mosquitoes C. The World Mosquito Program’s Success D. Genetic Engineering in Medical Research 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. A 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了通过释放携带沃尔巴克氏菌的改造蚊子及转基因蚊子来预防蚊子传播疾病，还列举相关实验及巴西等地区的应用情况。 【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The modified mosquitoes carry a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis (沃尔巴克氏菌) which can be naturally found in most insect species. However, it’s rarely discovered in mosquitoes. “We actually grow these mosquitoes that contain the bacterium,” Scott O’ Neil. An Australian scientist who is involved in the project, told CBC News. When the modified mosquitoes are released, they slowly spread the bacterium to the population. (经过修改的蚊子携带一种名为沃尔巴克氏菌的细菌，这种细菌在大多数昆虫物种中自然存在。然而，在蚊子中很少发现它。‘我们实际上培育的是含有这种细菌的蚊子，’参与该项目的澳大利亚科学家斯科特·奥尼尔告诉加拿大广播公司新闻。当经过修改的蚊子被释放时，它们会将这种细菌慢慢传播给种群。)”可知，斯科特·奥尼尔培育改性蚊子的目的是为了传播一种名为沃尔巴克氏菌的细菌。故选D项。 【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The World Mosquito Program has announced that it will release modified mosquitoes in many of Brazil’s urban areas over the next 10 years. The aim is to protect up to 70 million people from diseases such as dengue, a disease mainly spread by mosquitoes. (世界蚊子项目宣布，未来10年将在巴西许多城市地区释放转基因蚊子。目的是保护多达7000万人免受登革热等疾病的侵害，登革热是一种主要由蚊子传播的疾病。)”和第五段中的“Brazil has one of the highest rates of dengue infection in the world, according to the Nature website. (据《自然》网站报道，巴西是世界上登革热感染率最高的国家之一。)”可推知，巴西登革热的高感染率是巴西释放转基因蚊子的关键因素。故选C项。 【14题详解】词句猜测题。结合常识和划线词前“the US Environmental Protection Agency (美国环境保护局)”和后文“the release of 2.4 billion GM mosquitoes in California and Florida (在加利福尼亚州和佛罗里达州释放24亿只转基因蚊子) ”可推知，转基因蚊子的释放需要得到美国环境保护局的“允许”，故划线cleared词意思是“允许”，与A项Permitted同义。故选A项。 【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Most people hate mosquitoes (蚊子) - but scientists are about to build a ‘mosquito factory’ to release modified mosquitoes. (大多数人讨厌蚊子——但科学家们即将建立一个‘蚊子工厂’来释放经过修改的蚊子。)”可知，主要介绍了通过释放携带沃尔巴克氏菌的改造蚊子及转基因蚊子来预防蚊子传播疾病。故A选项“Modified Mosquitoes to Fight Diseases (改造蚊子对抗疾病)”最适合作文章标题。故选A项。 5. 24-25 常州市五校联考 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Too much light at night can cut the number of seeds a plant makes, a new study finds. Researchers put up street lights in Swiss meadows (草地), far from any real streets. The setup was built similarly to urban light pollution. In these now-light-polluted fields, flowers had 62 percent fewer night visitors-insect pollinators (传粉者)-than did the flowers in dark meadows. The researchers reported a cabbage thistle (卷心菜蓟花) bloom hosts a guest insect after dark. Cabbage thistles are the most common flowers in these meadows. Fewer insect visitors at night could mean less pollen (花粉) pollinated from plant to plant (the first step in making seeds). For the thistles, daytime pollinator visits didn’t make up for this loss at night, says Eva Knop, an ecologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland. Overall, night-lit plants produced one-eighth fewer seeds than did plants that got full nights of darkness. Light pollution might affect a whole network of plants and their pollinators, Knop and her colleagues now suggest. Indeed, night pollination was not just a lonely business for a few special plants. There were lots of links between pollen hauls by night and by day. Plants with a lot of night visits were often very busy by day, too. Light at night that decreases seed numbers could over time mean fewer new plants. And fewer plants could mean plants could mean less food and shelter for daytime insects. So a lot of pollinators working the day and night shifts could be affected, Knop worries. The new study is the first to show how artificial light affects plants’ ability to make seeds. The test is also unusual because it considers all kinds of insect pollinators instead of focusing only on night-flying insects. The researchers paid special attention to the cabbage thistle, but they also mapped which kinds of insects visited other plants by day or night. 8. Why were street lights put up in the meadows? A. To attract insect pollinators. B. For urban development. C. To reduce light pollution. D. For scientific research. 9. What can be learned about cabbage thistles? A. They are the most common Swiss flowers. B. They grow slowly during the night. C. They rely on insects to help make seeds. D. They attract only night visitors. 10. How does light pollution affect pollinators? A. By decreasing night visitors. B. By damaging their sight. C By increasing seed numbers. D. By destroying their shelter. 11. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Light pollution may affect plants greatly B. Night-flying insects matter more than daytime ones C. Plants attract more insects due to light pollution D. Researchers found ways to protect the environment 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新研究发现，夜间过多的光照会减少植物的种子数量。文章详细介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究发现夜间过多的光照不仅会减少植物的种子数量，还会摧毁传粉者的庇护所，从而影响到植物的传粉者。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchers put up street lights in Swiss meadows (草地), far from any real streets. The setup was built similarly to urban light pollution. In these now-light-polluted fields, flowers had 62 percent fewer night visitors-insect pollinators (传粉者)-than did the flowers in dark meadows.(研究人员在远离任何真实街道的瑞士草地上安装了路灯。该装置的建造方式与城市光污染类似。在这些现已被光污染的田地里，花朵的夜间访客——昆虫传粉者——比在光线暗的草地上的花朵少62%)”可知，路灯挂在草地上是为了用于科学研究。故选D。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fewer insect visitors at night could mean less pollen (花粉) pollinated from plant to plant (the first step in making seeds).(夜间昆虫的减少可能意味着植物间的花粉传粉量减少——这是制造种子的第一步)”可知，甘蓝蓟依靠昆虫来帮助制造种子。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Light at night that decreases seed numbers could over time mean fewer new plants. And fewer plants could mean plants could mean less food and shelter for daytime insects.(随着时间的推移，夜间的灯光会减少种子数量，这意味着新植物的数量会减少。更少的植物意味着更少的食物和白天昆虫的较少的庇护所)”可知，光污染通过摧毁传粉者的庇护所，来影响传粉者。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Too much light at night can cut the number of seeds a plant makes, a new study finds.(一项新研究发现，夜间过多的光照会减少植物的种子数量)”以及第三段中“Light pollution might affect a whole network of plants and their pollinators, Knop and her colleagues now suggest.( Knop和她的同事现在认为，光污染可能会影响整个植物网络和它们的传粉者)”结合文章详细介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究发现夜间过多的光照不仅会减少植物的种子数量，还会摧毁传粉者的庇护所，从而影响到植物的传粉者。可知，A选项“光污染对植物的影响很大”最符合文章标题。故选A。 D Browsing videos on TikTok or YouTube can be a hit-and-miss affair. But researchers have found that switching to another video, or skipping forwards and backwards in the same one, actually makes people more bored. Dr Katy Tam at the University of Toronto Scarborough said boredom was closely linked to attention. “We feel bored when there’s a gap between how engaged we are and how engaged we want to be,” she said. “When people keep switching through videos, they become less engaged with the videos and they are looking for something more interesting. This can lead to increased feelings of boredom.” The results appear to chime with other studies: as the team notes, previous research has suggested that while boredom relief is a driver for people to use social media or smartphones, the use of such technology appears to make the feeling worse. Writing in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Tam and colleagues report how they carried out seven experiments involving a total of more than 1,200 participants. The first, involving 140 participants, revealed that people tended to switch between videos more when they rated the content more boring, while the second-an online survey involving 231 participants--suggested people thought having the option to skip through a video or switch to another would make viewing a video less boring. However, the team’s subsequent experiments suggest this is not the case. Data from a group of 166 undergraduates suggests participants felt more bored when allowed to skip about within a video than when they were not able to, while results from 159 undergraduates revealed they reported higher levels or boredom when given a collection of five-minute videos they could switch between, compared with a single 10-minute video. “Our research shows that while people fast-forward or skip videos to avoid boredom, this behaviour can actually make them feel more bored,” she said. “Just as we pay for an immersive experience in a movie theatre, enjoyment often comes from immersing ourselves in videos rather than swiping through them.” 12. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to avoid boredom while browsing videos. B. The relationship between video switching and boredom. C. The popularity of TikTok and YouTube among young people. D. The importance of immersive experiences in movie theaters. 13. What does the underlined phrase “chime with” mean in Paragraph 3? A. agree with B. compare with C. contrast with D. disagree with 14. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the research? A. Skipping through videos always makes viewing less boring. B. Swiping through short videos frequently leads to increased boredom. C. Switching between short videos frequently helps people reduce boredom. D. The use of social media or smartphones cases boredom. 15. To relieve boredom while watching videos, Dr. Katy Tam suggest people ________. A. skip through videos as often as possible B. fast-forward videos to keep interest C. absorb themselves in the video content D. avoid watching videos on social media platforms 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多伦多斯卡伯勒大学的研究人员关于人们浏览视频的研究，研究表明不断切换视频或在同一视频中前后跳跃实际上会让人们感到更无聊。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Browsing videos on TikTok or YouTube can be a hit-and-miss affair. But researchers have found that switching to another video, or skipping forwards and backwards in the same one, actually makes people more bored.(在TikTok或YouTube上浏览视频可能是一件偶然的事情。但研究人员发现，切换到另一个视频，或者在同一个视频中来回跳，实际上会让人更无聊)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要探讨了人们在浏览视频时频繁切换或跳过内容如何影响他们的无聊感，因此主旨是视频切换与无聊之间的关系。故选B项。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文“When people keep switching through videos, they become less engaged with the videos and they are looking for something more interesting. This can lead to increased feelings of boredom.(当人们不停地切换视频时，他们对视频的参与度就会降低，他们会寻找更有趣的东西。这可能会增加无聊感)”以及后文“as the team notes, previous research has suggested that while boredom relief is a driver for people to use social media or smartphones, the use of such technology appears to make the feeling worse.(正如研究小组指出的那样，之前的研究表明，尽管缓解无聊是人们使用社交媒体或智能手机的一个动力，但使用这些技术似乎会让感觉更糟)”可知，之前的研究和现在的研究结果一样，推知chime with是“以……一致，同意”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段““Our research shows that while people fast-forward or skip videos to avoid boredom, this behaviour can actually make them feel more bored,” she said.(她说：“我们的研究表明，虽然人们为了避免无聊而快进或跳过视频，但这种行为实际上会让他们感到更加无聊。”)”可知，尽管人们认为切换视频会减少无聊，但实验结果表明，频繁切换或跳过视频实际上会让人感到更加无聊。故选B项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Just as we pay for an immersive experience in a movie theatre, enjoyment often comes from immersing ourselves in videos rather than swiping through them.(就像我们花钱去电影院享受身临其境的体验一样，享受往往来自于让自己沉浸在视频中，而不是在视频中刷屏)”可知，Dr. Katy Tam建议人们沉浸于视频内容中来缓解无聊。故选C项。 6. 24-25 海安高级中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。 C On the streets of Manhattan and Washington, D. C., in neighborhoods in Seoul and parks in Paris, ginkgo (银杏) trees are losing their leaves in reaction to the first gust of cold winter air. This leaf drop, gradual at first, and then sudden, carpets streets with golden, fan-shaped leaves. Scientists are documenting evidence of the event happening later and later, a possible indication of climate change. But the story of ginkgos is not the familiar one of human carelessness with nature. Thanks to fossils found in North Dakota, scientists found a ginkgo has genetically similar ancestors dating back 170 million years to the Jurassic Period. “It almost went extinct. Then humans rescued it and spread it around the world. It’s such a great evolutionary (进化) and cultural story,” says Peter Crane, a ginkgo expert. One theory for the decline of the ginkgo species began 130 million years ago, when flowering plants began spreading. They grew faster and attracted more pollinators (传粉者) than ginkgos. “It’s possible that ginkgos were elbowed out of the way,” says Crane. Already competing to survive, ginkgos began to disappear during a time of global cooling that began around 66 million years ago. By the time the last ice age ended 11,000 years ago, the remaining survivors were found in China. Ginkgo trees are smelly. “My guess is that they were eaten by animals that liked smelly things. They then passed through their body and grew.” Crane says. Those same seeds may have helped ginkgo find favor with humans 1,000 years ago. Once cleaned of their outer layer, ginkgo seeds are safe to eat. It’s then, when the trees had long since disappeared elsewhere, that people in China may have begun planting them and eating their seeds. Then gradually ginkgos spread across the world. Now it’s seemingly naturally resistant to insects and high levels of air pollution. Crane isn’t worried about its future, though: The popularity of the species will help it survive. “Though its status in the wild may be difficult to access, it’s a plant that’s unlikely to ever go extinct,” he says. 8. What may have caused the further delay of ginkgo’s leaf drop? A. The colder weather in winter. B. The protection from city councils. C. The global warming phenomenon. D. The careless interaction with humans. 9. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The reasons why ginkgos almost died out. B. The advantages of ginkgos over other plants. C. The theories of experts for multiplying ginkgos. D. The competition between various flowering plants. 10. What might have contributed to ginkgos’ survival? A. Their eatable seeds. B. Their unpleasant smell. C. The natural evolution. D. The careful planting. 11. How does Crane feel about ginkgos’ future? A. Worried. B. Optimistic. C. Uncertain. D. Hopeless. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了银杏树的历史、特点、传播以及现状，通过科学家和专家的观点和研究来阐述银杏树在自然界和人类文化中的重要地位，同时也探讨了银杏树面临的一些挑战和未来发展的趋势。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists are documenting evidence of the event happening later and later, a possible indication of climate change.(科学家们正在记录这一事件发生得越来越晚的证据，这可能是气候变化的一个迹象)”可推知，全球变暖现象可能是导致银杏落叶时间进一步推迟的原因。故选C项。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“One theory for the decline of the ginkgo species began 130 million years ago, when flowering plants began spreading. They grew faster and attracted more pollinators (传粉者) than ginkgos. “It’s possible that ginkgos were elbowed out of the way,” says Crane. Already competing to survive, ginkgos began to disappear during a time of global cooling that began around 66 million years ago. By the time the last ice age ended 11,000 years ago, the remaining survivors were found in China.(关于银杏物种衰落的一种理论始于1.3亿年前，当时开花植物开始传播。它们的生长速度比银杏快，吸引了更多的传粉者。“有可能银杏被挤出了生存的道路，”克雷恩说。已经在为生存而竞争的银杏，在全球变冷时期开始消失，这一时期大约始于6600万年前。到最后一个冰河时代结束前的11000年，剩下的幸存者在中国被发现)”可知，本段主要讲述了银杏树几乎灭绝的原因，包括与其他植物的竞争以及全球变冷等因素。因此，本段的主要内容是关于银杏树几乎灭绝的原因。故选A项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Those same seeds may have helped ginkgo find favor with humans 1,000 years ago. Once cleaned of their outer layer, ginkgo seeds are safe to eat. It’s then, when the trees had long since disappeared elsewhere, that people in China may have begun planting them and eating their seeds. Then gradually ginkgos spread across the world. Now it’s seemingly naturally resistant to insects and high levels of air pollution.(同样的种子可能在1000年前帮助银杏赢得了人类的青睐。一旦去掉外层，银杏种子就可以安全食用。然后，当这些树在其他地方早已消失的时候，中国人可能已经开始种植它们并食用它们的种子。然后银杏逐渐传播到世界各地。现在它似乎对昆虫和高水平的空气污染具有天然的抵抗力)”可知，银杏树能够生存下来，部分原因是因为它们的种子可以被人类食用。故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Crane isn’t worried about its future, though: The popularity of the species will help it survive. “Though its status in the wild may be difficult to access, it’s a plant that’s unlikely to ever go extinct,” he says.(不过，克雷恩并不担心它的未来：这个物种的受欢迎程度将有助于它的生存。“尽管它在野外的地位可能难以评估，但它是一种不太可能灭绝的植物，”他说)”可知，专家Crane对银杏树的未来并不担心，认为这个物种的受欢迎程度将有助于它的生存。由此推知，Crane对银杏的未来是乐观的。故选B想。 D You might have experienced the frustration of being misunderstood by a smart speaker or AI assistant. For people with non-standard speech, this happens frequently. Israeli company Voiceitt aims to change that. By using personalized voice models, its AI-powered speech recognition system helps people with speech impairments (损伤) caused by conditions like Parkinson’s disease, Down syndrome, or stroke communicate better with others. For Voiceitt co-founder Sara Smolley, developing speech recognition for non-standard speech patterns is a personal mission. “My grandmother was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease,” she said. “By the time I was born, she had lost most of her motor capabilities, and her speech was affected.” Smolley wanted to solve communication problems for people with speech difficulties. Voiceitt was launched as an app in 2023 and operated as a vocal translator, converting non-standard speech into audio. Users train the AI by recording themselves saying about 200 simple phrases. Voiceitt cooperates with tools like WebEx and ChatGPT, providing captions (字幕) for non-standard speech. The company is also partnering with Zoom and Microsoft Teams. Colin Hughes, who has a muscle disorder, uses voice typing for his digital interactions. He’s impressed with how accurately Voiceitt’s app understands his unique way of speaking. But he points out that many people with upper-limb disabilities need more than just speech-to-text. They need something like better voice typing for longer writing. He sees a future where technology plays a bigger role in accessibility, adding, “This entire field needs a shake-up. Voiceitt, with better access to major platforms, could be the one to lead this change.” With technology that captures and stores personal data such as voice recordings, privacy can be a concern for users. Smolley says her company has “the highest standards in the world in terms of data privacy”. She believes Voiceitt’s technology can be life-changing. “We want to allow people not just to be more independent in their lives and work,” says Smolley, “but also to enjoy technology and have fun.” 12. What inspires Sara Smolley to develop the AI-speech recognition system? A. Her desire to advance artificial intelligence. B. Her passion for technology communication. C. Her determination to cure people of speech disease. D. Her hope to settle grandmother’s communication problems. 13. What does the underlined word “converting” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Applying. B. Keeping. C. Changing. D. Limiting. 14. What does Colin’s words imply in paragraph 5? A. Voiceitt can be a pioneering tool. B. Voiceitt focuses on speech-to-text. C. Voiceitt understands personal feelings. D. Voiceitt can team up with tech companies. 15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce a new speech recognition system. B. To show the limitations of current speech recognition. C. To highlight the need to help people with speech issues. D. To explain the difficulties of Al-powered speech recognition. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了Voiceitt公司为有言语障碍的人开发的AI语音识别系统，着重介绍了该系统的功能、应用场景以及未来发展方向，并探讨了其对用户隐私的影响。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句 “‘My grandmother was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease,’ she said. (“我的祖母被诊断出患有帕金森病，”她说。)”及第三句“‘By the time I was born, she had lost most of her motor capabilities, and her speech was affected.’ (“我出生时，她已经失去了大部分的运动能力，她的语言能力也受到了影响。”)”可知，Sara Smolley的祖母患有帕金森病，导致说话能力下降。正是这种亲身经历促使她想要为有言语障碍的人解决沟通问题。因此，帮助祖母应对言语障碍是她研发AI语音识别系统的灵感来源。故选D项。 【13题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第四段划线词句“Voiceitt was launched as an app in 2023 and operated as a vocal translator, converting non-standard speech into audio. (2023年Voiceitt这个应用程序推出了，它是一个声音翻译器，将非标准语音 converting成音频。)”可知，作为一款语音翻译应用，能实现非标准语音与音频之间转换，画线词的意思应是“转换”。故选C项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段第五句及第六句“He sees a future where technology plays a bigger role in accessibility, adding, ‘This entire field needs a shake-up. Voiceitt, with better access to major platforms, could be the one to lead this change.’ (他预见到，未来技术在提高可及性方面具有更重要的作用，并补充说：“整个领域都需要一场变革。Voiceitt可以更好地访问主要平台，可能会引领这一变革。”)”可知，Colin Hughes认为Voiceitt可以与主要平台合作，成为改变这个领域的领导者。即Colin Hughes 的话暗示Voiceitt是一个具有开拓和先驱性的工具。故选A项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了Voiceitt公司开发的AI语音识别系统。文章开头就点明Voiceitt可以帮助有言语障碍的人更好地与他人沟通。随后，文章介绍了Voiceitt的工作原理、应用场景以及未来发展方向。因此，作者写作本文的目的是介绍一种新的语音识别系统。故选A项。 7. 24-25 南京师范大学附属中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A It’s the season for friends, family and cheese holiday movies. Whether you’ re a fan of Christmas classics or prefer streamable and made-for-TV specials, there’s always a reason holiday movie s are so popular — even the most predictable. “In fact, this is what keeps us coming back. You would almost be disappointed if they weren’t a little predictable,” says Dr. Pamela Rutledge, a media psychologist. “It’s not like there’s going to be a heart-stopping surprise waiting to catch you off guard.” And while the plot of a city girl meeting a hometown guy is overused, Rutledge says these romantic holiday movies satisfy our inner desire for social connection and provide our brain with the confidence to anticipate something and have that be the case. The holiday season itself can be stressful, making these movies an easy go - to for relaxation during a busy time of year. “These movies can act as ‘cinema therapy,’ when you can relax with your friends,” says Allison Eden, associate professor of communication at Michigan State. “You don’t have to work too hard to enjoy it. They’re just gentle comforting, feel-good movies that can really help, especially during times of stress.” The most stressed you’ll feel during most holiday movies? A silly, low- conflict misunderstanding between love interests that you know will be resolved by the end. “The brain responds to that whole journey with both the dopamine (多巴胺) of reward of having it turn out like you wanted to, but also the oxytocin (催产素) release when you’re talking about feelings of warmth and connection and love. So sort of a win - win,” Rutledge says. If you think you can find the same win - win in other forms of media, it may be harder than you think. People often use social media as a way to escape, for example, but it’s not always the pick- me- up you may be looking for. With social media, you really never know what you’re going to come up against. 1. What contribute most to the popularity of holiday movies? A. Predictable plots. B. Appealing themes. C. Unexpected endings. D. Romantic elements. 2. What does the underlined phrase “cinema therapy” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. A call for easy work. B. A form of stress relief. C. A chance to enjoy movies. D. A way to develop friendship. 3. Why does Rutledge view holiday movies as sort of a win-win? A. They enhance our brain function. B. They provide a comforting escape. C. They offer emotional satisfaction. D. They assist in resolving low conflicts. 4. What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A. To call on people to watch holiday movies. B. To introduce the features of holiday movies. C. To explain why your brain loves holiday movies. D. To compare holiday movies with other forms of media. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了人们喜欢假日电影的原因。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段““In fact, this is what keeps us coming back. You would almost be disappointed if they weren’t a little predictable,” says Dr. Pamela Rutledge, a media psychologist. “It’s not like there’s going to be a heart-stopping surprise waiting to catch you off guard.”(“事实上，这就是吸引我们回来的原因。媒体心理学家帕梅拉·拉特利奇博士说：“如果他们没有一点可预测性，你几乎会感到失望。不会有什么惊心动魄的惊喜等着你猝不及防。”)”可知，节日电影受欢迎的最大原因是情节可预测。故选A。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“when you can relax with your friends(你可以和你的朋友放松)”以及“They’ re just gentle comforting, feel-good movies that can really help, especially during times of stress.(它们只是温和安慰、让人感觉良好的电影，真的很有帮助，尤其是在压力大的时候)”可知，这些电影只是温和安慰、让人感觉良好的电影，尤其是在压力大的时候，可以让你和你的朋友放松，说明它们是一种缓解压力的方式。故划线词指的是“一种缓解压力的方式”。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““The brain responds to that whole journey with both the dopamine (多巴胺) of reward of having it turn out like you wanted to, but also the oxytocin (催产素) release when you’ re talking about feelings of warmth and connection and love. So sort of a win- win,” Rutledge says.( Rutledge说：“大脑对整个过程做出反应，既会产生多巴胺，也会在你谈论温暖、联系和爱的感觉时释放催产素。”所以这是一种双赢。”)”可知，Rutledge认为节日电影是一种双赢因为他们提供情感上的满足。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，并根据第一段“It’s the season for friends, family and cheese holiday movies. Whether you’ re a fan of Christmas classics or prefer streamable and made-for-TV specials, there’s always a reason holiday movie s are so popular — even the most predictable.(这是朋友、家人和奶酪假日电影季节。无论你是圣诞经典的粉丝，还是喜欢流媒体和电视特别节目，节日电影如此受欢迎总是有原因的——即使是最可预测的)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是解释为什么你的大脑喜欢假日电影。故选C。 B One of the curious things about social networks is the way that some messages, pictures, or ideas can spread like wildfire while others that seem just as catchy or interesting receive less attention. Before you go deep into the puzzle, consider this: If you measure the height of your male friends, for example, the average is about 170 centimeters. You are 172 and your friends are all about the same height as you are. Indeed, the mathematical concept of “average” is a good way to understand the nature of this data set. But imagine that one of your friends was much taller than you. This person would dramatically skew the average, which would make your friends taller than you, on average. In this case, the “average”is a poor way to capture this data set. Now Lerman from University of, Southern California has discovered a related paradox (悖论), which they call the majority illusion They explain this illusion with a theoretical example, where they take 14 nodes (节点) linked up to form each network, then color three of these nodes and count how many of the remaining nodes link to them in a single step. Two versions of this setup are shown above. In the left-hand version, the uncolored nodes see more than half of their neighbors as colored. In the right-hand version, this is not true for any of the uncolored nodes. But here’s the thing: the structure of the network is the same in both cases. The only thing that changes is the nodes that are colored. This is the majority illusion — the local feeling that a specific feature is common when the global truth is completely different. So how popular is it in the real world? It’s found out that the majority illusion appears in almost all network scenarios (情景). “The effect is largest in the political blogs network, where 60% of nodes will have majority active neighbors, even when only 20% of the nodes are truly active,” says Lerman. It immediately explains many interesting phenomena. For a start, it shows how some content can spread globally while other similar content does not — the key is to start with a small number of well-connected early adopters fooling the rest of the network into thinking it is common. The affected nodes then find it natural to follow the trend. A real spread finally comes into being. As for marketers, they must first recognize the popular nodes that can create the majority illusion for the target audience. These influencers must then be persuaded to adopt the desired behavior or product, which is extremely important to the success of the marketing plan. 5. The phrase “skew the average ”most probably refers to the action of _________. A. ignoring the real average B. working out the average C. changing the real average D. cutting down the average 6. What can we learn about the two versions of the setup in Lerman’s theoretical example? A. The nodes chosen to be colored are different. B. The two networks don’t share the same structure. C. Uncolored nodes are linked to a colored node in a single step. D. Uncolored nodes see more than half of their neighbors as colored. 7. What can we learn about spreading content on the social media? A. The majority illusion rarely has impacts except in political blogs field. B. The majority illusion on social networks relies on people following you. C. Global opinion spread starts with the trend led by well-connected adopters. D. The popularity of ideas on networks mainly depends on the quality of content. 8. What is most probably the title of the passage? A. How does social network vision trick your mind? B. Majority network opinion spread, curse or blessing? C. Have you been misled during the last political voting? D. What stops your social media message from spreading? 【答案】5. C 6. A 7. C 8. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是社交网络上一个奇怪之处是信息、图片或想法可以象野火一样传播，而一些朗朗上口或有趣的东西却几乎没有人能够注意到，相关研究解释了这一现象背后的原因。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“If you measure the height of your male friends, for example, the average is about 170 centimeters. You are 172 and your friends are all about the same height as you are. Indeed, the mathematical concept of “average” is a good way to understand the nature of this data set.(例如，如果你测量你男性朋友的身高，平均身高约为170厘米。你身高172，你的朋友都和你差不多高。事实上，“平均值”的数学概念是理解该数据集本质的好方法。)”以及划线词之前“But imagine that one of your friends was much taller than you. (想象一下你的一个朋友比你高许多。)”以及划线词之后“which would make your friends taller than you, on average. In this case, the “average”is a poor way to capture this data set.(这将让你的朋友平均比你高。在这种情况下，“平均值”是捕获该数据集的一种很糟糕的方法。)”可知，如果你和朋友差不多身高，那么平均身高和你的身高差不多，但是如果你的一个朋友比你高出许多，那么你朋友的平均身高会比你高，由此可以推出，个别身高数据会导致身高数据平均值出现倾斜，所以此处的skew the average指的是改变实际平均值的行为，故选C项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“In the left-hand version, the uncolored nodes see more than half of their neighbors as colored. In the right-hand version, this is not true for any of the uncolored nodes. But here’s the thing: the structure of the network is the same in both cases. The only thing that changes is the nodes that are colored.(在左边的版本中，未上色的节点看到超过一半的邻居是上色的。在右边的版本中，对于任何未着色的节点都不是这样。但问题是：在两种情况下，网络的结构是相同的。唯一改变的是被着色的节点。)”可知在勒尔曼的理论例子中，我们能了解到这两个版本的设置的结构是一样的，所以B项不对，只有在左边的版本中，未上色的节点看到超过一半的邻居是上色的，所以D项不对，而左右的两个版本被选择着色的节点是不同的，所以A项是对的，C项文章没有提到，故选A项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“For a start, it shows how some content can spread globally while other similar content does not the key is to start with a small number of well-connected early adopters fooling the rest of the network into thinking it is common. The affected nodes then find it natural to follow the trend. A real spread finally comes into being.(首先，它展示了一些内容是如何在全球范围内传播的，而其他类似的内容却没有。关键是要从少数关系良好的早期采用者开始，让网络的其余部分认为这是普遍的。受影响的节点会自然而然地追随这一趋势。真正的传播终于形成了。)”可知全球舆论的传播始于人脉广泛的采用者所引领的趋势，故选C项。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。文章第一段“One of the curious things about social networks is the way that some messages, pictures, or ideas can spread like wildfire while others that seem just as catchy or interesting receive less attention.(社交网络的一个奇特之处在于，一些信息、图片或想法可以像野火一样传播，而另一些看起来同样吸引人或有趣的信息却很少受到关注。)”提出现象——一些信息、图片或想法可以像野火一样在社交网络上传播，而另一些看起来同样吸引人或有趣的信息却很少受到关注，文章第二至六段主要介绍了这一现象背后的原因，最后一段主要讲的是营销人员是如何利用社交网络愿景达到推销产品目的的，由此可见文章主要在围绕着欺骗我们思维的社交网络愿景来展开，所以选项A How does social network vision trick your mind?(社交网络视觉如何欺骗你的思维？)作为文章标题最合适，故选A项。 8. 24-25 泰州中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。 B Watching the behaviour and body language of zoo animals could be the key to understanding and improving their welfare, new research suggests. Traditionally, zoos have focused on more straightforward measures such as whether animals are eating and sleeping. The new review, by the University of Exeter and the University of Winchester, says zoos have made great improvements in recent years, but closer observation of animal behaviour - a method called Qualitative Behavioural Assessment, developed in farming - could show even more about their state of mind. An animal’s positioning of its body, facial movements and activity levels are among the things that might tell whether it is excited, calm, interested, nervous, relaxed, etc. “Zookeepers are knowledgeable about their animals, and they will often recognise an animal’s state of mind by its behaviour and body language,” said Dr. Paul Rose, of the University of Exeter. “What we are suggesting is a more scientific method of this, carried out over time. “Certain behaviours will show certain moods (情绪) in an animal, and we should build our knowledge of this for different animals that live in zoos. For example, lions have a lot of facial expressions, and research on these expressions could help zoos understand the animals’ state of mind. This information could then be used to improve welfare by changing diets, feeding times or any number of other aspects of the way animals are kept.” Dr. Rose carries out much of his research at WWT Slimbridge Wetland Centre, and is now examining how the swans (天鹅) there might show their state of mind through their behavioural expression. “We’re looking at how much time they spend exploring their habitat, which could show what they’re feeling.” he said. “When they’re unsure, they appear to move less and be more careful, and draw their feathers (羽毛) close to their bodies.” The study suggests research opportunities for Qualitative Behavioural Assessment and practices that could be used by zoos. “Animal welfare in zoos has improved greatly in the last 10 or 20 years, and this method gives zoos another way to recognise and improve the welfare of animals,” Dr. Rose said. 5. How to improve zoos animal’s welfare? A. More focus on animals’eating and sleep. B. Closer observation of zoo animals’ behaviours. C. More attention to zoo animals’state of mind. D. Adoption of more straightforward measure. 6. What is the function of lions as an example? A. To show body language vary from animal to animal. B. To show the significance of animal body language. C. To show lions are rich in their facial expressions. D. To show lions are treated well in zoos. 7. What dose Dr Rose research of swans suggests? A. They usually explore their habitat. B. They always draw their feather close to their body. C. They move little in fearful situations. D. They spend little time in their habitat. 8. What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Animal welfare in zoos is decreasing. B. Qualitative Behavioural Assessment is meaningful. C. Farm animals enjoy greater welfare than zoo animals. D. Zoos do a good job in recognising animal body language. 【答案】5. B 6. B 7. C 8. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了新的研究表明，观察动物园动物的行为和肢体语言可能是了解和改善它们福利的关键。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Watching the behaviour and body language of zoo animals could be the key to understanding and improving their welfare, new research suggests. (新的研究表明，观察动物园动物的行为和肢体语言可能是了解和改善它们福利的关键。)”可知，提高动物园动物的福利的方法是仔细观察动物的行为和肢体语言。故选B。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“Certain behaviours will show certain moods (情绪) in an animal, and we should build our knowledge of this for different animals that live in zoos. For example, lions have a lot of facial expressions, and research on these expressions could help zoos understand the animals’ state of mind. (某些行为会表现出动物的某些情绪，我们应该为生活在动物园的不同动物建立这方面的知识。例如，狮子有很多面部表情，对这些表情的研究可以帮助动物园了解动物的心态。)”可知，将狮子作为例子，是为了展示对动物肢体语言的研究可以帮助动物园了解动物的心态，即展示动物肢体语言的意义。故选B。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When they’re unsure, they appear to move less and be more careful, and draw their feathers (羽毛) close to their bodies. (当它们不确定时，它们似乎行动更少，更小心，把羽毛靠近身体。)”可知，天鹅会在感觉不确定时行动更少更小心，即天鹅会在害怕的情况下很少行动。故选C。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study suggests research opportunities for Qualitative Behavioural Assessment and practices that could be used by zoos. “Animal welfare in zoos has improved greatly in the last 10 or 20 years, and this method gives zoos another way to recognise and improve the welfare of animals,” Dr. Rose said. (这项研究为定性行为评估和动物园可以使用的实践提供了研究机会。罗斯博士说：“在过去的10年或20年里，动物园的动物福利得到了极大的改善，这种方法为动物园提供了另一种认识和改善动物福利的方法。”)”可知，定性行为评估有助于改善动物园动物福利，为动物园提供了另一种认识和改善动物福利的方法，即定性行为评估是有意义的。故选B。 C Most people in the Netherlands are convinced that their consumption patterns affect the environment. Many of them are looking for ways to reduce their footprint. However, the reality is more complicated, according to a research by Leiden PhD candidate Levon Amatuni, who studied car sharing and the reuse of phones. He used his background in computer science and mathematics to model and measure the benefits of such practices. His research shows users of car-sharing platforms reduce their impact by only 3 to 18 percent — much less than 51 or 37 percent claimed in previous research. This is caused by so-called “rebound effects”, which are rarely accounted for by companies or even researchers. For example, shared vehicles are replaced with new models more frequently than private cars. Additionally, the introduction of sharing schemes (方案) can encourage people to drive when they would have otherwise taken public transport. These rebound effects turn out to be highly influential. Amatuni also found users of sharing platforms don’t significantly reduce their driving. “And if they do, they often take buses and trains, which aren’t emission-free,” he says. While public transport is usually a better option, its impact is not negligible. So, this data must be included to make an accurate assessment. Similarly, Amatuni discovered that a second-hand phone only offsets (抵消) about one-third of a new phone’s production. Rebound effects are the cause. If people couldn’t sell their old devices, they would use them for longer. In other words, reuse both extends the lifetime of a device — by giving it a new owner — but also shortens it, as people tend to sell their newly bought devices sooner. Amatuni doesn’t want people to conclude taking small steps towards sustainability is pointless. “Our intentions are still what’s most important,” he says, “but meanwhile, people need to realise there’re no easy fixes.” He recommends prioritising overall consumption reduction rather than continuing current habits while trying to make them more efficient. 9. What is the focus of Amatuni’s research? A. The ways of reducing people’s footprint. B. The benefits of car sharing and phone reuse. C. The damage of public transport to the environment. D. The knowledge of computer science and mathematics. 10. What does the underlined word “negligible” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Small. B. Permanent. C. Direct. D. Immediate. 11. Which of the following represents a phone rebound effect? A. Buying new phones often. B. Keeping old phones in use. C. Taking care of new phones. D. Selling used phones cheaply. 12. What is Amatuni’s suggestion on promoting sustainability? A. Stop eco-friendly habits. B. Increase production efficiency. C. Reduce total resource use. D. Seek easy solutions to eco-crisis. 【答案】9. B 10. A 11. A 12. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是莱顿大学博士生Levon Amatuni对汽车共享和手机再利用的研究，揭示了这些环保行为的实际效益远低于预期，并探讨了背后复杂的“反弹效应”及其对环境影响的真实情况。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“His research shows users of car-sharing platforms reduce their impact by only 3 to 18 percent—much less than 51 or 37 percent claimed in previous research. This is caused by so-called “rebound effects”, which are rarely accounted for by companies or even researchers.(他的研究表明，汽车共享平台的用户只减少了3%到18%的影响，远低于之前研究中声称的51%或37%。这是由所谓的“反弹效应”造成的，企业甚至研究人员都很少考虑到这一点。)”可知，Amatuni的研究重点是汽车共享和手机重复使用的好处。故选B。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“they often take buses and trains, which aren’t emission-free(他们经常乘坐公共汽车和火车，这些都不是零排放的)”和“this data must be included to make an accurate assessment(为了做出准确的评估，必须包括这些数据)”可知，公共交通的影响并不是微不足道的，negligible的意思是“微不足道的”，和small意思相近。故选A。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Similarly, Amatuni discovered that a second-hand phone only offsets (抵消) about one-third of a new phone’s production. Rebound effects are the cause. If people couldn’t sell their old devices, they would use them for longer.(同样，Amatuni发现，二手手机只抵消了新手机产量的三分之一左右。反弹效应是原因。如果人们不能卖掉他们的旧设备，他们就会使用更长时间。)”可知，经常买新手机代表了手机的反弹效应。故选A。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“He recommends prioritising overall consumption reduction rather than continuing current habits while trying to make them more efficient.(他建议优先考虑整体减少消费，而不是继续目前的习惯，同时试图提高效率。)”可知，Amatuni对促进可持续发展的建议是减少总资源使用。故选C。 9. 24-25 锡山高级中学 高一上 12月测试 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C New scientific research has found that attending live sporting events enhances levels of wellbeing. Published in the journal Frontiers in Public Health, the research is the first large-sized study to examine the benefits of attending any type of live sporting event. It found that attending live sporting events results in higher scores of two major measurements of subjective wellbeing-life satisfaction and a sense of “life being worthwhile” — as well as lower levels of loneliness. These results are significant as previous studies have shown that higher life satisfaction scores are associated with fewer life-limiting conditions, better physical health and successful ageing. The new study also found that attending live sporting events leads to an increase in people’s sense that “life is worthwhile,” and the size of this increase is comparable to that of gaining employment. Watching live sporting events can also offer an accessible and effective public health tool for improving wellbeing. Lead author Dr Helen Keyes, Head of the School of Psychology and Sport Science at Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), said: “Previous research has focused on certain sports or small population groups, such as college students in the United States. Ours is the first study to look at the benefits of attending any sporting event across an adult population, and therefore our findings could be useful for shaping future public health strategies, such as offering reduced ticket prices for certain groups.” The live events covered by the survey ranged from free amateur (业余的) events, such as watching village sports teams, right through to Premier League football matches. Therefore, further research needs to be carried out to see if these benefits are more pronounced for top level sport, or are more closely linked to supporting a specific team. However, without doubt, watching live sport of all types provides many opportunities for social interaction and this helps to shape group identity and belonging, which in turn boosts levels of wellbeing. 8. What can we learn about the new study from the passage? A. The study only covered Premier League football matches. B. Watching live sporting events has little effect on one’s wellbeing. C. It is the first one to study the benefits of attending live sporting events. D. Attending live sporting events increases life satisfaction and a sense of meaning. 9. What’s Dr. Helen Keyes’s attitude to the study? A. Objective. B. Neutral. C. Negative. D. Positive. 10. What does the underlined word “pronounced” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Suitable. B. Noticeable. C. Powerful. D. Important. 11. What is the best title for the passage? A. Attending Live Sport Improves Wellbeing B. Watching Live Sporting Events Has Many Benefits C. A Research on the Popularity of Live Sporting Events D. A Study on the Effects of Sporting Events on Physical Health 【答案】8. D 9. D 10. B 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了观看现场体育赛事提高幸福感的研究。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It found that attending live sporting events results in higher scores of two major measurements of subjective wellbeing-life satisfaction and a sense of “life being worthwhile” — as well as lower levels of loneliness. (研究发现，观看现场体育赛事的人在主观幸福感的两项主要指标——生活满意度和“生活有价值”感——上得分更高，孤独感也更低) ”可知，现场观看体育赛事可以提高生活满意度和生活意义。故选D项。 9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中Dr. Helen Keyest的话“Ours is the first study to look at the benefits of attending any sporting event across an adult population, and therefore our findings could be useful for shaping future public health strategies…(我们的研究是第一个观察成年人参加任何体育赛事的好处的研究，因此我们的研究结果可能对制定未来的公共卫生战略有用)”可以看出，她对自己的研究持积极态度，认为这项研究对未来公共卫生策略的制定是有用的。故选D项。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段“The live events covered by the survey ranged from free amateur (业余的) events, such as watching village sports teams, right through to Premier League football matches. Therefore, further research needs to be carried out to see if these benefits are more pronounced for top level sport, or are more closely linked to supporting a specific team.(调查涵盖的现场活动范围从免费的业余活动，比如观看乡村运动队，一直到英超联赛。因此，需要进行进一步的研究，看看这些好处是在顶级运动中更pronounced，还是与支持某个特定团队更密切相关)”可知，调查涵盖的现场活动范围从免费的业余活动，因此，需要进行进一步的研究，看看这些好处是在顶级运动中更明显。在这里，“pronounced”意味着“明显的、显著的”，与B项“noticeable”意思相符。故选B项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“New scientific research has found that attending live sporting events enhances levels of wellbeing.(新的科学研究发现，观看现场体育赛事可以提高幸福水平)”可知，短文主要讲述了观看现场体育赛事提高幸福感的研究。故最佳标题为“观看现场体育赛事能提高人的幸福感”。故选A项。 D If you don’t use it, you lose it. At least, that’s how the old saying goes. It refers to the idea that something that does not get used regularly quickly falls into a state of decline. For example, a hobby that you haven’t done for a few years, like playing the piano. The next time you pick it up, maybe you’ve forgotten altogether! In order to prevent this, people take regular exercise to keep their skills sharp. Well, what about the brain? As we age, our brains can naturally begin to decline (衰退). In some cases, this can lead to certain mental conditions such as dementia (痴呆). However, all is not lost because these days it’s relatively easy to train your brain. Smartphones and apps have put programmes that can test, keep and even improve our memories and a number of other mental abilities. With a little practice every day, we can keep our brains sharp, right? Well, no, actually. According to a report from the Global Council on Brain Health, even though many people think it is beneficial to play some online games that are designed to improve brain health, the evidence of the benefits is “weak to non-existent”. Playing a “brain game” may lead to improvements in game performance, but this has yet to show a convincing result in people’s daily cognitive (认知的) abilities. Don’t lose heart, though. There are other ways to develop the brain. It recommends trying new activities that challenge the way you think and are socially engaging, while leading to a healthy lifestyle. Among their suggestions are practising tai chi, taking photography classes, learning new technologies, gardening, art projects or volunteering. There’s more good news, too. James Goodwin, chief scientist at Age UK, has said that brain decline is not unavoidable. As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health. So, hurry up, get out there and try something new. Maybe it’s time to try that hobby you’ve always wanted to do. 12. Why is playing the piano mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic of brain decline. B. To explain how to keep physically healthy. C. To show the importance of regular exercise. D. To illustrate the meaning of an old saying. 13. What can we infer about the effectiveness of playing online brain games from paragraph 3? A. The benefits are not obvious in terms of daily cognitive abilities. B. Both game performance and cognitive functions are greatly improved. C. Strong and continuous benefits have been proved. D. The evidence of the benefits is weak to non-existent. 14. According to James Goodwin, which of the following does NOT help prevent brain decline? A. Taking part in a new cooking class that teaches techniques unknown before. B. Playing a familiar game that does not demand much thought. C. Participating in a photography course that challenges one’s creative skills. D. Learning a new musical instrument that requires concentration. 15. What is the main idea of the text? A. Regular exercise and healthy lifestyle are key to keeping the brain healthy. B. Brain decline is natural and unavoidable as people age. C. Online brain games can improve people’s cognitive abilities. D. Engaging in new and challenging activities can benefit brain health. 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了如何通过参与新的具有挑战性的活动来保持大脑健康。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“If you don’t use it, you lose it. At least, that’s how the old saying goes. It refers to the idea that something that does not get used regularly quickly falls into a state of decline. For example, a hobby that you haven’t done for a few years, like playing the piano. The next time you pick it up, maybe you’ve forgotten altogether! In order to prevent this, people take regular exercise to keep their skills sharp.( 如果你不使用它，你就会失去它。至少，老话是这么说的。它指的是不经常使用的东西很快就会陷入衰退状态。例如，你有几年没有做过的爱好，比如弹钢琴。下次你拿起它的时候，也许你已经完全忘记了！为了防止这种情况，人们经常锻炼以保持他们的技能锋利。)”可知，第一段中提到了长时间不弹钢琴，再次弹奏时可能会完全忘记，是为了说明前面提到的那句老话“If you don’t use it, you lose it.”的意思，即如果不经常使用某样东西，它就会迅速陷入衰退状态。因此，提到弹钢琴的目的是阐释这句老话的含义。故选D项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Playing a “brain game” may lead to improvements in game performance, but this has yet to show a convincing result in people’s daily cognitive (认知的) abilities.( 玩“脑力游戏”可能会提高游戏表现，但这在人们的日常认知能力方面尚未显示出令人信服的结果。)”可知，玩在线健脑游戏可能会提高游戏表现，但在人们日常认知能力方面的效果并不令人信服，即好处在日常认知能力方面不明显。故选A项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“James Goodwin, chief scientist at Age UK, has said that brain decline is not unavoidable. As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health.( Age UK的首席科学家詹姆斯·古德温(James Goodwin)表示，大脑衰退并非不可避免。只要这些活动“对你来说是新鲜的，需要你集中注意力”，它们就能对大脑健康有益。)”可知，对大脑健康有益的活动是对你来说新的且需要集中注意力的。B 选项 “玩一个不需要太多思考的熟悉游戏”，既不新也不需要集中注意力，不能帮助预防大脑衰退。故选B项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health. So, hurry up, get out there and try something new. Maybe it’s time to try that hobby you’ve always wanted to do.( 只要这些活动“对你来说是新鲜的，需要你集中注意力”，它们就能对大脑健康有益。所以，快点，走出去，尝试一些新的东西。也许是时候尝试一下你一直想做的爱好了。)”可知，文章主要讨论了如何通过参与新的具有挑战性的活动来保持大脑健康，指出尽管一些人认为在线益智游戏可以改善大脑健康，但证据不足。此外，文章推荐寻求新的活动，挑战思维方式，参与社交，同时养成健康的生活方式，这些都可以为大脑健康带来好处。因此，文章的主旨大意是“参与新的具有挑战性的活动有益于大脑健康”。故选D项。 10. 24-25 扬州大学附属中学 高一上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Jasmine is on my Zoom screen. She is pulling her hair. As she starts talking, the rate of the pulling increases. “My exam is on Friday,” she tells me, “What if I get a question I can’t answer? What if I don’t get a good grade?” Jasmine is just one of the students suffering from test anxiety. The word “anxiety” originates from Latin, meaning narrowing. The “narrowing” describes what’s happening in Jasmine’s nervous system. Basically, the sympathetic (交感神经) branch — fight-or-flight — has switched on, and her muscles have narrowed as if she’s preparing to do battle or run away. Commonly known the “rest and digest” branch, the parasympathetic nervous (副交感神经) system plays an important role in thinking and learning by promoting a state of relaxation and calmness. When the parasympathetic nervous system starts working, it reduces stress and anxiety, improving focus and concentration. There are three simple tools for engaging the parasympathetic branch: breathing, grounding, and sensing. Breathing means a steady flow of breath; grounding means feeling the chair and the floor supporting you; and sensing means turning on one or more of the five senses. In more than 40 years of coaching test-takers, I have observed how often they hold their breath, how nervous and ungrounded they are, and how unaware they are of feeling the touch of clothes on their own bodies. No wonder people are exhausted by the end of a long test! When they use the three calming tools, they create the state necessary for sitting still, thinking, remembering, reasoning, and, finally, answering questions. We all face countless tests in everyday life. Unexpected, unwanted things happen to everyone. Wouldn’t it be a whole lot better if we faced the tests by being calm? In case you’re wondering, the answer is “Yes!” But the real question is: Instead of forcing students to progress through endless comparison and competition, why don’t we teach them how to stay calm? 8. Why does the author mention Jasmine in the first paragraph? A. To show students’ intense emotions. B. To introduce a problem students face. C. To compare different attitudes towards tests. D. To analyse students’ behaviors during video calls. 9. What change would be brought when the parasympathetic nervous system is at work? A. Improved attention. B. Worsened anxiety. C. Tightened muscles. D. Quickened response. 10. From the last paragraph we can infer that the writer thinks it important ________. A. to take some tests to make progress B. to attach importance to comparison and competition C. to learn to avoid unexpected and unwanted things in life D. to prepare students with the ways to keep calm during tests 11. What is the text mainly about? A. What do students face in tests? B. How to deal with test anxiety? C. How to engage the nervous system? D. What should students do to avoid tests? 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学生往往有考试焦虑的问题，探讨了副交感神经系统在减轻压力和焦虑中的作用，并提出了通过呼吸、着陆和知觉这三种简单的工具来帮助学生在考试中保持冷静。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Jasmine is on my Zoom screen. She is pulling her hair. As she starts talking, the rate of the pulling increases. “My exam is on Friday,” she tells me, “What if I get a question I can’t answer? What if I don’t get a good grade?” (Jasmine在我的Zoom屏幕上。她在扯她的头发。当她开始说话时，拉扯的速度增加了。“我的考试是在周五，”她告诉我，“如果我遇到一道答不上来的题怎么办？如果我没有取得好成绩怎么办？”)”和第二段中“Jasmine is just one of the students suffering from test anxiety. (Jasmine只是遭受考试焦虑的学生之一)”可知，作者先生动地描述了Jasmine因为考试而焦虑不安的状态，然后指出遭受考试焦虑的学生有很多，后文围绕考试焦虑展开。由此可知，作者提到Jasmine是为了引出学生面临的考试焦虑的问题。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When the parasympathetic nervous system starts working, it reduces stress and anxiety, improving focus and concentration. (当副交感神经系统开始工作时，它会减少压力和焦虑，提高注意力和集中力)”可知，当副交感神经系统在工作时，注意力会得到提高。故选A项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wouldn’t it be a whole lot better if we faced the tests by being calm? In case you’re wondering, the answer is “Yes!” But the real question is: Instead of forcing students to progress through endless comparison and competition, why don’t we teach them how to stay calm? (如果我们冷静地面对考试，不是会好得多吗？如果你想知道，答案是“是的！”但真正的问题是：与其强迫学生通过无休止的比较和竞争来进步，我们为什么不教他们如何保持冷静呢)”可知，作者指出冷静地面对考试是更好的方法，而不是让学生陷入比较和竞争。由此可知，作者认为让学生学会在考试中保持冷静是很重要的。故选D项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Wouldn’t it be a whole lot better if we faced the tests by being calm? (如果我们冷静地面对考试，不是会好得多吗)”可知，文章围绕学生往往面临的考试焦虑的问题展开，探讨了副交感神经系统在减轻压力和焦虑中的作用，并提出了通过呼吸、着陆和知觉这三种简单的工具来帮助学生在考试中保持冷静。因此，文章主要是关于“如何应对考试焦虑”。故选B项。 D Do the colors that surround you influence how you feel? Can the colors on your walls and on your clothes affect your moods? Some researchers believe the answer is a decisive yes, while others aren’t so sure. Yet many marketers, interior designers, medical professionals and others swear by an informal field of science known as color psychology. Color psychology is defined as “the study of how the colors we perceive impact our thoughts and feelings.” Marketers use the science of color to persuade us to buy things. When choosing paint, furniture and wall art, interior designers act on the theory that colors can arouse certain feelings in us. Dentists are often advised to use light blue paint on their office walls to help calm apprehensive patients. We should keep in mind, though, that only by considering cultural preferences are we able to fully understand the science of color. For instance, in the West, white is for brides and black is for funerals. But in ancient Asia, white was sometimes worn for funerals. In Japan yellow represents courage while in the United States, it represents happiness. Additionally, many variables including gender, age, background and more must be considered before making color assumptions when one is studying the effects of color. After taking color variable into account it’s safe to consider some mainstream theories about specific colors and their meanings. Here are just a few: Red symbolizes love, energy, passion and danger. Red is also believed to increase one’s hunger, which might be the reason why McDonald’s and Coca-Cola chose red as their major branding color. Brown, a color from nature, best represents things that are honest, trustworthy and dependable. It seems a perfect fit as the branding color for the package delivery company UPS. Blue-in addition to representing peace and calm-also means integrity and competence. It’s no surprise that PayPal and American Express both use blue as their branding color. Green-another color from nature-represents health, growth and freshness and is the perfect branding color for Starbucks. Pink symbolizes love, romance, innocence and femininity (女性特质). The popular doll company that makes Barbie uses pink as its major branding color. If color psychology advocates are correct, then our emotions and decisions are truly influenced by the colors around us. With this knowledge, we can effectively harness (驾驭) color power to create positive school, work and home environments. 12. What does the phrase “swear by” in the second paragraph probably mean? A. deeply investigate B. somewhat doubt C. deeply believe D. still wish 13. What is the writer’s purpose of taking white and black as an example in the passage? A. To remind we should take culture into account when learning the science of color. B. To state that cultural preferences are decisive factors in color psychology. C. To show different cultures have different preferences for different colors. D. To prove white and black represent complete different things in different countries. 14. We can conclude from the passage that ________. A. color psychology may help us make correct decisions in life B. color psychology is an uncultivated field in modern science C. color psychology has been recognized throughout the world D. color psychology is influencing our emotions and decisions 15. What would be the proper title for the passage? A. The potential effects of color on our lives. B. The positives and negatives of color psychology. C. The foundation and function of color psychology. D. The relationship between color and man Section 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了色彩对我们生活的潜在影响。 【12题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句话“Color psychology is defined as “the study of how the colors we perceive impact our thoughts and feelings.”(色彩心理学被定义为“研究我们感知的颜色如何影响我们的思想和感受。”)”以及第三段“Marketers use the science of color to persuade us to buy things. When choosing paint, fumiture and wall art, interior designers act on the theory that colors can arouse certain feelings in us. Dentists are often advised to use light blue paint on their office walls to help calm apprehensive patients.(营销人员利用色彩科学来说服我们购买东西。室内设计师在选择油漆、烟熏和墙壁艺术时，会根据这样一种理论行事，即颜色会引起我们的某些感觉。牙医经常被建议在办公室墙上使用浅蓝色油漆，以帮助焦虑的患者平静下来)”可知，色彩心理学研究发现颜色如何影响我们的思想和感受。营销人员，设计师和牙医等会用色彩心理学来影响顾客的一些决定，帮助患者平缓情绪。所以他们对色彩心里学深信不疑。所以swear by的意思为“深信不疑”。故选C。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“We should keep in mind, though, that only by considering cultural preferences are we able to fully understand the science of color. (不过，我们应该记住，只有考虑到文化偏好，我们才能完全理解色彩科学）”可知，作者用白色和黑色作为例子是为了提醒我们在学习色彩科学时应该考虑到文化因素。故选A。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If color psychology advocates are correct, then our emotions and decisions are truly influenced by the colors around us. (如果色彩心理学的倡导者是正确的，那么我们的情绪和决定确实会受到周围色彩的影响)”可推知，色彩心理学会影响我们的情绪和决定。故选D。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Do the colors that surround you influence how you feel? Can the colors on your walls and on your clothes affect your moods? Some researchers believe the answer is a decisive yes, while others aren't so sure.(你周围的颜色会影响你的感觉吗？你墙上和衣服上的颜色会影响你的心情吗？一些研究人员认为答案是决定性的肯定，而另一些人则不那么确定)”以及最后一段“If color psychology advocates are correct, then our emotions and decisions are truly influenced by the colors around us. With this knowledge, we can effectively harness (驾驭) color power to create positive school, work and home environments.(如果色彩心理学的倡导者是正确的，那么我们的情绪和决定确实会受到周围色彩的影响。有了这些知识，我们可以有效地利用色彩力量来创造积极的学校、工作和家庭环境)”可知，本篇文介绍了色彩心理学，揭示了色彩对于我们生活的潜在影响。所以“色彩对于我们生活的潜在影响”适合作本篇文章的标题。故选A。 11. 24-25 扬州市八校 高一上 12月学情检测 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Many of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesn’t change. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away; From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.” However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly reduced in size over time. For the study, a group of US scientists examined and analyzed thousands of photographs taken by the NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机). They found that there were lots of faults (断层) on the surface of the moon. These faults were formed by recent movement on the moon. According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down. Then it began to shrink, in away comparable to the shrinking of a grape into a raisin. Over the past several hundred million years, it has become 46 meters “skinnier”. But due to its hard and rocky layer, the moon’s surface continues to push up. “Some of these quakes can be fairly strong, around five on the Richter scale (里氏震级),” said Thomas Watters, a senior scientist at the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum in the US. But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that human shouldn’t try to explore and live on in the future? Maybe not, reported The Telegraph. “This isn’t anything to worry about. The moon may becoming smaller, but not by much. It’s not going anywhere,” Watters comforted us. The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong. “We have been to the moon and we’ve done some great science, but there is still a lot we don’t know. The moon is shrinking — we didn’t really realize that until recently. It’s a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that,” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said. 28. Which point of view about the moon may the writer agree to? A. It stays the same as before. B. It is becoming slightly smaller. C. It is getting older and older. D. It has passed away. 29. What can we learn about the moon from the third paragraph? A. Its quake measures seven on the Richter scale. B. It has become 46 meters fatter due to expanding. C. It has a hot core and releases energy during expanding. D. It has changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years. 30. What does Nathan Williams think of the moon? A. It is a dead and boring place. B. It has lots of faults on the surface. C. It is valuable to do more science. D. It isn’t a place where we can live. 31. Which of the following can be the most suitable title for the article? A. “The Moon: A Static and Boring Place” B. “The Changing Moon: A New Discovery” C. “The Mysterious Moon: Faults and Quakes” D. “Exploring the Moon: Dangers and Opportunities” 【答案】28. B 29. C 30. C 31. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于月球的新发现——月球正在缓慢缩小。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly reduced in size over time.(然而，发表在《自然-地球科学》杂志上的一项新研究表明，月球实际上随着时间的推移在缓慢缩小。)”可知，作者同意的观点是月球正在变得稍微小一些。故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down.(根据NASA的说法，月球是由带有炽热核心的岩石块组成的。月球在诞生时持续膨胀。但在这个过程中，它释放了能量并冷却下来。)”可知，月球有一个炽热的核心，并在膨胀过程中释放能量。故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“We have been to the moon and we’ve done some great science, but there is still a lot we don’t know. The moon is shrinking — we didn’t really realize that until recently. It’s a much $