2025-2026学年 高三英语上学期 第二次月考复习 - 阅读理解CD（江苏专用）

25-26 高三上 第二次月考复习 --- 阅读理解CD 目录 1. 24-25 苏州市工业园区西安交通大学苏州附属中学 高三上 12月月考 2. 24-25 苏州市九校联考 高三上 12月教学质量调研 3. 24-25 常州市联盟校 高三上 12月月考 4. 24-25 江苏省G4（南师附中、无锡天一、南通海安、海门四校） 高三上 12月联考 5. 24-25 江苏省百校大联考2024-2025 高三上 12月考试 6. 24-25 江苏省四市十校联盟 高三上 12月阶段联测 7. 24-25 江苏省学科基地 高三上 12月第一次大联考 8. 24-25 靖江高级中学 高三上 12月月考 9. 24-25 南京市江宁高级中学、镇江一中等 高三上 12月联考 10. 24-25 南通海安高级中学 高三上 12月月考 11. 24-25 南通市如皋基地等 高三上 12月教学质量调研(三） 12. 24-25 如皋中学 高三上 教学质量调研（三） 13. 24-25 泰州中学 高三上 12月月考 14. 24-25 盐城市八校 高三上 12月联考 15. 24-25 扬州市广陵区扬州中学 高三上 1月月考 1. 24-25 苏州市工业园区西安交通大学苏州附属中学 高三上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C When you’re going through a period of anxiety or depression, it can be difficult to make decisions, whether those are significant life changes or everyday choices. Those with generalized anxiety disorder or mood disorders often report feeling uncomfortable with or being troubled by feelings of uncertainty, which doesn’t help when you need to make a decision, big or small. Now in a new study, researchers find that people with higher levels of anxiety and depression are less able to adapt to fast-changing situations. But with the right intervention (干预) there may be ways to help those with anxiety or depression make better decisions in the moment. Participants were aged between 18 and 55; some had symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder or major depressive disorder while others had no history of mental illness at all. In the study, after filling in measures related to anxiety, depression, and worry, participants took part in a video game. In each round, they were asked to choose between two shapes: picking one shape resulted in a reward, while the other delivered an electric shock. The task took place in two blocks — one stable, in which one shape was associated with a reward 75% of the time and the other 25% of the time, and the other unstable, in which the shape with a higher probability of resulting in reward switched every twenty trials. In the unstable block, therefore, the participants had to keep adjusting their responses as the probabilities change. Those participants with symptoms of anxiety or depression were slower to adjust their responses to the changes in probabilities. This suggests that mood disorders are associated with difficulty making decisions in changing circumstances. Senior author Sonia Bishop argues that those participants who adapted quickly did so because of their emotional resilience (适应力).” Emotionally resilient people tend to focus on what gave them a good outcome, and in many real-world situations that might be key to learning to make good decisions,” she says. Sonia Bishop suggests that encouraging people to focus on past successes rather than failures could be a useful behavioral intervention, making those difficult decisions a bit less tricky. 8. According to the text, which of the following affects decision-making? A. Feeling uncomfortable with someone. B. Feeling unsure of what will happen. C. Wondering who will make a decision. D. Wondering how to help make a decision 9. What was the purpose of the unstable block? A. To create a fast-changing situation. B. To train participants to respond to changes. C. To make the video game more challenging. D. To help those with anxiety make decisions. 10. Why does Sonia Bishop suggest focusing on past successes? A. To improve decision-making. B. To remember the achievements. C. To adapt quickly to a new situation. D. To avoid making difficult decisions. 11. What advice can be given according to the study? A. Try to think quickly when making decisions. B. Don’t expect too much when making decisions. C. Don’t focus on one single thing when making decisions. D. Reduce your anxiety or depression when making decisions. D Skeptics are strange a lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The "eco-guilt" brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews. Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the "real state of the world" as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming. So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that "After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down." Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's "preference for unexamined materials is incredible". A critical eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interest. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly. 12. According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as "skeptics"? A. People who agree on the popularity of "eco-guilt". B. People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities. C. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet. D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment. 13. Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg's books? A. The book challenges views about the fine state of the world. B. Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests. C. The author convinces people to speak comforting worldviews. D. Industry–funded media present confusing information. 14. The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to_________. A. find fault with Lomborg's book B. voice a different opinion C. challenge the authority of the media D. point out the value of scientific views 15. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage? A. To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media. B. To warn the public of the danger of half–blindness with reviews. C. To blame the media's lack of responsibility in information. D. To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye. 2. 24-25 苏州市九校联考 高三上 12月教学质量调研 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C In a paper published in the journal The Reading Teacher, researchers show that students can learn just as much from a good novel as they can from a good textbook. By reading selections from fiction and non-fiction books, the researchers found that students learned the same amount about a particular period of history. But those who read fiction were better able to empathize with characters. The study was designed and led by Meredyth Dwyer, a child and youth counselor. For the study, 41 students aged between 9 and 12 were separated into two groups. Dwyer read aloud three passages from Bud, Not Buddy, a novel set during the Great Depression. Dwyer incorporated (包含) additional facts into the novel to ensure it contained the same historical facts as the non-fiction text. For the non-fiction group, she read passages from the textbook What Was the Great Depression?. Dwyer read to the groups four times over the course of one week for 25 minutes at a time. The students then filled out a series of questionnaires. They recorded the extent of the students’ empathy with the characters and their feelings about wanting to help them. The questionnaires also considered the students overall enjoyment and transportability, i.e., whether they felt that they had been transported by the story into another time and place. Children in the fiction group reported that the more they felt transported into the novel, the more likely they were to take on others’ views. Also, they expressed a strong desire to help the characters and reported higher listening enjoyment. By comparison, students in the non-fiction group reported a connection between transportability and overall enjoyment, but not with empathy. Both groups reported knowing more about the Great Depression after the listening activities than they did before. “This study can greatly guide teaching even though it’s based on a relatively small population. Bringing history to life through fiction allows students to see the world from characters points of view,” says Martin-Chang, a professor in the Department of Education. 8. What can be the most helpful in understanding historical figures? A. Official reports. B. Research papers. C. Historical novels. D. History textbooks 9. What did Dwyer take into consideration when designing the study? A. Children’s interest. B. Timely after-school reviews. C. Common factual information. D. Students’ family backgrounds. 10. What’s the main purpose of the questionnaires? A. To check children’s knowledge of American history. B. To seek surprising facts behind the Great Depression. C. To collect different opinions about personal enjoyment. D. To test children’s ability to connect with historical characters. 11. How did children in the fiction group differ from those in the non-fiction group? A. They got more pleasure from listening. B. They were much better at listening. C. They preferred to write historical novels. D. They gained more knowledge of history. D A new outdoor fabric, called LumiWeave, stores energy by day and then lights up at night. Being tested in a city park, this totally “cool” fabric has attracted interest for its many urban uses. This is the brainchild of Anai Green, an industrial and product designer. She designed a shading fabric that carries solar photovoltaic cells. The cells collect sunlight and store the energy in strips with LEDs. This allows the fabric to shade public space by day. When night falls, these strips light up. “We use LumiWeave to light public space without carbon emissions, making the lighting all-natural. And we spread light in the areas we want to brighten only,” said Green. The system was designed to adapt to all weather conditions and can continue to provide lighting even after three days without sunlight. In addition, you simply put LumiWeave up and the sun will do the work. This in itself saves 50 percent of the cost of building standard lighting, and it saves 100 percent on the electricity bills. This is great news for cities. Tel Aviv, Green’s hometown, is trying out LumiWeave in AtidimPark. The mayor of Tel Aviv, Ron Huldai, is making efforts to deal with climate change. “LumiWeave will turn out to be a groundbreaking project,” said Huldai. The mayor added that LumiWeave is especially important as it solves the issue of shading urban areas and uses clean energy. The new fabric can be fixed at the top of bike paths, in children’s parks and in walking areas. Many of the country’s major cities are planning to choose LumiWeave. As there is also use for the fabric in outdoor sitting areas of restaurants and hotels, Green has developed a LumiWeave parasol (遮阳伞). “We are now developing the possibility of controlling it from the phone - we’re creating an application,” said Green. “LumiWeave provides an ideal solution for urban parks and gardens. We hope that it will soon be lighting up night skies around the world.” 12. How does the new outdoor fabric work? A. By turning household waste into clean energy. B. By providing shade and energy in an eco-friendly way. C. By changing its temperatures according to the weather. D. By using photovoltaic cells to promote the plant growth. 13. Which can be the feature of LumiWeave? A. It is very convenient to use. B. It takes up a lot of public space. C. It’s equipped with self-repair materials. D. It can tell the weather conditions faster. 14. What is Ron Huldai’s attitude towards LumiWeave? A. Intolerant. B. Skeptical. C. Dismissive. D. Supportive. 15. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. LumiWeave may bring about safety concerns. B. LumiWeave is replaced by more intelligent devices. C. LumiWeave is being further developed for wider use. D. LumiWeave may speed up the process of urbanization. 3. 24-25 常州市联盟校 高三上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Onco Ballet is a non-profit organization in Orange County dedicated to addressing the mental and physical needs of the cancer community through ballet. Founded by Anna Wassman-Cox, who found healing in dance during her own cancer treatment, Onco Ballet offers free classes at select dance studios and hospitals. Wassman-Cox, a professional dancer, aims to make ballet accessible and enjoyable for everyone, regardless of skill level. The classes provide a creative outlet for participants during uncertain times concerning their health. Estee Fratzke, a breast cancer survivor and owner of Fringe Dance Studio, emphasizes how ballet allows individuals to express themselves authentically. Fellow survivor Kerry Hedley appreciates the supportive environment where everyone is accepted for their abilities. Beyond fostering community, Onco Ballet offers significant physical benefits. Diana Mendoza, another breast cancer survivor, shares her experience of overcoming physical limitations through dance, affirming, “I can still be a ballerina.” This empowerment is crucial for many who face challenges after cancer treatment. Marie Miao, a clinical oncology social worker at Hoag Health Center, notes that Onco Ballet incorporates bilateral movements, which have been shown to reduce stress and anxiety while promoting calmness. The classes also transform the perception of the health center, shifting it from a place of treatment to one of joy and learning. Wassman-Cox reflects on her journey at Hoag, stating that returning now brings her joy as she contributes positively to the community. Aimee Murcia agrees, describing the classes as a much-needed mental distraction that also provides a sense of normalcy. In a time when many cancer survivors may struggle with depression, Mendoza believes Onco Ballet fosters healing and connection. Being in a room with fellow survivors creates a powerful sense of resilience and courage, reinforcing the idea that they are not alone in their journeys. Together, they celebrate their strength and shared experiences, finding joy in movement and community. 28. How did Anna Wassman-Cox initially come up with the idea to create Onco Ballet? A. She wanted to meet the needs of the cancer community through ballet. B. She discovered healing in ballet during her own cancer treatment. C. She offered free classes at select dance studios and hospitals. D. She made ballet accessible and enjoyable for everyone. 29. What do the breast cancer survivors think of Onco Ballet? A. It helps them rebuild their confidence. B. It reduces their stress and anxiety. C. It transforms people’s views on the health center. D. It contributes to their sense of achievement. 30. Why does the author mention Marie Miao in Paragraph 4? A. Prove Onco Ballet provides a creative outlet for breast cancer survivors. B. Showcase Onco Ballet offers significant physical benefits to participants. C. Present Onco Ballet as a much-needed mental distraction for cancer patients. D. Objectively list the benefits of Onco Ballet from an observer’s perspective. 31. How does the author primarily confirm the benefits of Onco Ballet? A. Making a comparison. B. Giving research results. C. Listing several examples. D. Quoting famous sayings. D Psychologists still aren’t sure about the origins of the central part of the human condition. One theory is that our conscious experience of emotions is based on sensations (感觉) in the body — facial feedback has often been cited as evidence for this theory, but some recent experiments have called it into question. So Stanford research scientist Nicholas Coles organized the Many Smiles Collaboration, a group that included people on both sides of the issue as well as fence-sitters like himself, and together they designed a method that everyone was satisfied with. They created a plan that included two well-known techniques intended to encourage participants to activate their smile muscles. Half of participants were asked to imitate the facial expressions seen in photos of smiling actors, and the others were given instructions to move the corners of their lips toward their ears and lift their cheeks using only the muscles in their face. In each group, half the participants performed the task while looking at cheerful images of puppies, kittens, flowers, and fireworks, and the other half simply saw a blank screen. They also saw these same types of images while directed to use a neutral (中性的) facial expression. In order to hide the goal of the trial, the researchers mixed in several other small physical tasks and asked participants to solve simple math problems. After each task, participants rated how happy they were feeling. The Many Smiles Collaboration collected data from 3,878 participants from 19 countries. After analyzing their data, the researchers found a noticeable increase in happiness from participants imitating smiling photographs or pulling their mouth toward their ears. “The stretch of a smile can make people feel happy and the locked brow can make people feel angry; thus, the conscious experience of emotion must be at least partially based on bodily sensations,” Coles said. “Over the past few years, the science took one step back and a few steps forward. But now we’re closer than ever to understanding a fundamental part of the human condition: emotion.” 32. According to the text, what is the central part of the human condition? A. Emotions. B. Experiences. C. Sensations. D. Expressions. 33. Why did the Many Smiles Collaboration design the new research plan? A. To resolve people’s confusion about smile. B. To help people understand the origin of smile. C. To find out the origin of human emotions. D. To satisfy everyone involved in the experiments. 34. How did the Many Smiles Collaboration mainly carry the research? A. By carrying out investigations. B. By conducting controlled experiments. C. By collecting and analyzing existing data. D. By developing mathematical or computational models. 35. What is Coles’ attitude toward the result of their research? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 4. 24-25 江苏省G4（南师附中、无锡天一、南通海安、海门四校） 高三上 12月联考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 C Feeling discouraged after a favorite show ends is common, and it even has an unofficial term: post-series depression (PSD). Rita Kottasz, a marketing professor at Kingston University, defines PSD as “a feeling of emptiness and upset when something you love finishes”. This applies to TV shows, books, or video games, creating a desire for more. The concept of PSD gained popularity on social media and fan blogs in the mid-2010s, particularly during the Golden Age of TV. Kottasz prefers not to use the term PSD, instead calling it “consumer saudade”, a Portuguese word meaning nostalgic (怀旧的) longing. However, a journal editor convinced her to use PSD due to its established use outside of research. Kottasz and her colleagues published a 15-item classification scale for PSD based on interviews with fans who felt sad after their favorite things ended. Common emotions included frustration, disappointment, sadness, and emptiness. Some fans even felt that life was less complete or that they had lost “best friends”. While PSD is often associated with TV shows, Kottasz is exploring its connection to other media, such as the abrupt break of K-pop band BTS (防弹少年团) and novels like Harry Potter. Younger people are more affected than older ones, partially due to on-demand streaming and constant new content pushes from businesses like Netflix. Contrary to popular belief, binge-watching does not seem to trigger PSD. Instead, long-term consumption may be a factor. Kottasz thinks watching a show over several seasons or reading novels across many years strengthens a person’s relationship to the characters. In her 2019 paper, she cites a Harry Potter devotee who started reading the series at age 9 and was “cruelly left behind’ after the final book and film released years later. But it isn’t quite as simple as saying the end of a show or novel controls our emotional state. Brian Kong, a Chicago-based psychologist, is concerned that PSD might imply a causal relationship between low moods and a program’s end. Instead, he says that when viewers feel lasting negativity, TV consumption might be acting as an anesthetic(麻醉剂) for a deeper psychological issue, like how some people with anxiety or depression drink alcohol. Put another way, the low mood already existed, and watching the series only masked it. 8. Which of the following is a common reaetion among fans experiencing PSD? A. A fresh sense of purpose for life. B. A deep satisfaction after the show. C. A great sense of loss of best friends. D. A strong desire for a new hobby 9. What does the underlined word “binge-watching” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Reviewing every detail of a TV show day and night. B. Watching some episodes of a TV show in one sitting. C. Following the episodes of a TV show for a long duration. D. Reading a book series while watching the TV adaptation. 10. What does Brian Kong imply in the last paragraph? A. PSD covers up a deeper psychological issue. B. Viewers with negativity like drinking alcohol. C. TV consumption is the root cause of low moods D. Watching TV series can address psychological issues. 11. What might the following paragraphs focus on? A. The solutions to post-series depression. B. The marketing strategies of TV shows. C. The difference between PSD and nostalgla. D. The impact of social media on fan emotions. D In recent years, to monitor biodiversity and perceive how changes in ecosystems affect migratory (迁徙的) routes, researchers and conservationists have focused on tracking migratory bird populations worldwide. These birds, which travel thousands of kilometers between breeding and wintering grounds, face numerous threats, including habitat loss, climate change, and human activities. Using state-of-the-art satellite technology, scientists have managed to collect large datasets on bird movements, providing crucial insights into their migratory patterns and paternal risks. However, despite the abundance of tracking data, a recent study from the University of Cambridge underscores that significant gaps in our understanding of many species still exist. “While we have a vast amount of tracking data, we often overlook smaller migratory species or those that travel less popular routes,” explains Dr. Emma Lewis, the study’s lead author. “Our reliance on satellite tags has also led us to focus mainly on larger species that can carry the weight of the tracking devices, leaving smaller birds, which are often just as vulnerable, underrepresented in our data.” The study examined data from over a million tracking records of migratory birds and identified several areas with limited information. Birds from remote areas, for instance, were much less likely to be tracked due to accessibility issues. Additionally, there was a strong bias (偏见) toward species that are already of high interest to the public, such as eagles or storks, rather than smaller, less prominent birds. Dr. Lewis and her team believe this bias could lead to conservation resources being disproportionately allocated to certain species while neglecting others that may be equally at risk. To address these issues, Dr. Lewis suggests expanding tracking efforts to include more diverse bird populations. “By collaborating with local researchers and investing in lighter, more efficient tracking technology, we can gather data on a broader range of species,” she explains. “Encouraging birdwatchers to report sightings of less common migratory birds could fill current data gaps and offer a more comprehensive image of global migratory patterns.” This combined approach could ensure that future conservation efforts are better informed and more inclusive, ultimately contributing to the protection of all migratory bird species. 12. What’s the main issue with current migratory bird tracking? A. Heavily relying on large databasets. B. Ignoring short-distance migrations. C. Primarily tracking larger bird species. D. Focusing on migration in breeding seasons. 13. What contributes to data gaps in migratory bird tracking? A. Inaccurate public sightings. B. Expensive tracking devices. C. Lack of conservation funding. D. Limitations of tracking technology. 14. What is the researchers’ concern about conservation resources? A. Desperate shortage in popular routes. B. Uneven allocation to certain species. C. Rare accessibility to larger bird species D. Irresponsible overuse in remote habitats 15. How does Dr. Lewis suggest improving bird migration data? A. Limit resources to high-profile species. B. Launch new programs for endangered species. C. Enhance tracking methods for prominent bird species. D. Engage the public in observing underrepresented birds. 5. 24-25 江苏省百校大联考2024-2025 高三上 12月考试 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C A paper published by professors and students from 14 Chinese universities aimed at restoring Chinese citizens reputation for honesty has triggered hot discussion on social media platforms. More than 100 professors and students from the universities, along with a professor from Old Dominion University in the United States, conducted experiments at 500 different locations in China. Through data analysis, they invalided a paper published in the journal Science, which found that Chinese citizens ranked the lowest in terms of civil honesty. The Chinese paper, titled “Unlocking controversies (争议) over civil honesty measurement: An extended field replication (复制) in China”, was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, or PNAS, in the US in July. It challenged the findings of a study conducted by four behavioral economists, including Alain Cohn from the University of Michigan, in 2019. Cohn’s study involved a transnational experiment in which foreign research assistants handed in lost wallets to employees at public institutions such as hotels and banks, and measured civil honesty based on the response rate to email announcements about the wallets being found. The paper found that China ranked lowest among 40 countries. Yang Qian, a professor at Zhejiang University’s School of Public Health, said the conclusions reached by Cohn’s study caused significant doubt within the academic community due to limited criteria and failure to consider cultural differences between countries. As the first and corresponding author of the paper “Unlocking controversies over civil honesty measurement”, Yang added, “It is thought that Cohn did not conduct extensive pilot experiments. In Western thinking, email is considered the standard method of communication.” Another experiment conducted by group replication researchers found that although only 27. 4 percent of wallet owners were contacted by email, 77, 8 percent of the lost wallets were successfully returned. The important indicator of “wallet recovery rate” proved that Chinese citizens have a high level of integrity. The experiment found a significant negative relationship between the “email response rate” and the “national collectivism index”. 28. What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Approved of. B. Argued against. C. Accounted for. D. Answered for. 29. Why does the author mention the paper published in Science? A. To seek support. B. To raise a hot discussion. C. To clarify a phenomenon. D. To reveal false information. 30. What did Cohn’s study ignore? A. The limited participation in the experiment. B. The various personalities of Chinese citizens. C. The negative relationships between countries. D. The different cultural backgrounds between countries. 31. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. “Email response rate” shows the accurate level of integrity. B. “Wallet recovery rate” has a significant negative relationship between people. C. “Wallet recovery rate” indicates Chinese citizens ranking high in terms of honesty. D. “Email response rate” and “national collectivism index” are irrelevant to each other D The ancient Romans are well-known for their engineering techniques, notably demonstrated through the construction of aqueducts (高架渠) and the use of pozzolanic concrete. The properties of this concrete have generally been credited to its ingredients: pozzolana (a mix of volcanic ash) and lime (石灰). When mixed with water, the two materials can react to produce strong concrete. In 2023, a research team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) uncovered new findings regarding the composition and mixing techniques of Roman concrete. Traditionally, the presence of small lime clasts (碎屑) in the concrete was due to poor mixing, but that did not make sense to Admir Masic, a scientist of MIT. “If the Romans put so much effort into making an outstanding construction material, following all of the detailed recipes that had been optimized over the course of many centuries, why would they put so little effort into ensuring the production of a well-mixed final product? There has to be more to this story.” To investigate further, Masic and the team analyzed ancient concrete samples from Privernum, Italy, using advanced imaging techniques. Their findings challenge the conventional belief that slaked lime (熟石灰) was the primary ingredient. Instead, it appears that the Romans may have used quicklime (生石灰) mixed directly with pozzolana and water at high temperatures, a process termed “hot mixing.” This method not only produced unique high-temperature compounds but also accelerated curing and setting time, facilitating quicker construction. A significant advantage of this hot mixing process is the self-healing characteristics given by the lime clasts. When cracks develop, water seeps in and interacts with the clasts, which are larger in surface area than surrounding particles. This reaction generates calcium-rich solutions that harden into calcium carbonate, effectively sealing the cracks, This phenomenon has been observed in other ancient Roman structures, reconfirming the durability of their concrete. The MIT team conducted experiments using both ancient and modern concrete recipes with quicklime, finding that the quicklime concrete completely healed within two weeks after cracking, while control samples without quicklime remained damaged. With these insights, researchers aim to develop more environmentally friendly and durable concrete options, potentially revolutionizing modern construction practices. 32. What misconception about Roman concrete did Masic challenge? A. Volcanic ash was the primary ingredient. B. Ancient Roman structures were not durable. C. Presence of lime clasts indicated inadequate mixing. D. Romans merely used volcanic ash and lime for their concrete. 33. What does “hot mixing” involve? A. Mixing materials at low temperatures. B. Using slaked lime only in the mixture. C. Adding water to quicklime at high temperatures. D. Combining quicklime, volcanic ash and water at high temperatures. 34. What does the research imply for modern construction practices? A. Lime should not be contained in modern concrete. B. Modern techniques for durability can be employed. C. Quicklime can be used to reduce construction time. D. Sustainable and durable concrete alternatives are needed. 35. Which is the best title of the passage? A. The Secrets of Roman Concrete B. The Role of Engineers in Ancient Rome C. The Importance of Aqueducts in Roman Architecture D. Modern Construction Techniques Inspired by Ancient Rome 6. 24-25 江苏省四市十校联盟 高三上 12月阶段联测 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 C Home to reefs, sharks and various fish, the Coral Sea is a unique reserve of biodiversity off the northeastern coast of Australia. If a proposal by the Australian government goes ahead, the region will become the world’s largest marine protected area, with bans on fishing, mining and marine farming. The Coral Sea reserve will cover almost 990, 000 square kilometers and stretch as far as 1, 100 kilometers from the coast. Revealed by environment minister Tony Burke, the proposal will be the last in a series of proposed marine reserves around Australia’s coast. But the plan attracts criticism from scientısts and conservation groups claiming the government hasn’t done enough in protecting the Coral Sea. They even point out only half of the Coral Sea reserved is proposed as a “no take” area, in which all fishing would be banned. But the world’s largest existing marine reserve, established by the British government in the Indian Ocean, spans 554, 000 km2 and is a no-take zone throughout. Some people argue more of the Coral Sea should receive this level of protection. The Australian government didn’t respond to the criticism. But Robin Beaman, a marine geologist, says the reserve does “broadly protect the range of habitats” in the sea. “I can testify to the huge effort that government agencies and other organizations have made to understand the ecological values of this vast area.” he says. Reserves proposed earlier for Australia’s southwestern coastal regions have also been criticized for not giving habitats adequate protection. Some scientists pointed out the proposals for the southwestern region had not been based on the “core science principles” of reserves — the protected regions were not representative of all the habitats in the region, they said. Critics say the southwestern reserve offers the greatest protection to the offshore areas where commercial opportunities are fewest and where there is little threat to the environment, a controversy also leveled at the Coral Sea plan. 8. What do we learn from the passage about the Coral Sea? A. It remains largely undisturbed by humans. B. It is extremely rich in marine life. C. It is the biggest marine protected area. D. It is a unique reserve of endangered species. 9. What does the Australian government plan to do according to Tony Burke? A. Complete the series of marine reserves around its coast. B. Make a new proposal to protect the Coral Sea. C. Revise its conservation plan owing to criticisms. D. Upgrade the established reserves to protect marine life. 10. What does marine geologist Robin Beaman say about the Coral Sea plan? A. It can compare with the British government’s effort in the Indian Ocean. B. It will result in the establishment of the world’s largest marine reserve. C. It will ensure the sustainability of the fishing industry around the coast. D. It is an enormous joint effort to protect the range of marine habitats. 11. What do critics think of the Coral Sea plan? A. It will benefit Australia’s fishing industry. B. It will do more harm than good to the environment. C. It will offer the greatest protection that is very necessary. D. It will protect regions that actually require little protection. D An artificial intelligence (AI) trained on personal data covering the entire population of Denmark can predict people’s chances of dying more accurately than any existing model, even those used in the insurance industry. The researchers behind the technology say it could also have a positive impact on early prediction of social and health problems. Sune Lehmann Jorgensen at the Technical University of Denmark and his colleagues used the data covering various aspects of 6 million people from 2008 to 2020 from Denmark. They changed the data into words that could be used to train a large language model, the same technology that powers other AI apps. These models work by looking at a series of words and determining which word is statistically most likely to come next, based on vast amounts of examples. In a similar way, the researchers’ Life2vec model can look at a series of life events that form a person’s history and determine what is most likely to happen next. In experiments, Life2vec was trained on all but the last four years of the data, which was held back for testing. The researchers took data on a group of people aged from 35 to 65, half of whom died between 2016 and 2020, and asked Life2vec to predict who lived and who died. It was 11 percent more accurate than any existing AI model used to price life insurance policies in the finance industry. Jorgensen believes that the model has consumed enough data that it is likely to be able to shed light on a wide range of health and social topics. This means it could be used to predict health issues and catch them early, or by governments to reduce inequality. But he stresses that it could also be used by companies in a harmful way. “Clearly, our model should not be used by an insurance company, because the whole idea of insurance is that, by sharing the lack of knowledge of somebody who is going to be the unlucky person struck by some incidents or deaths, we can kind of share this burden,” says Jorgensen. 12. What makes Life2vec more powerful in forecasting death risks? A. It is trained on vast amounts of data. B. It goes through a large number of tests. C. It uses the same technology as other AI apps do. D. It is intended for the government to make policies. 13. What does the underlined phrase “shed light on” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Revise. B. Recognize. C. Resolve. D. Reveal. 14. Why should Life2vec be kept out of the hands of businesses? A. To remove social inequality. B. To guard public interests. C. To keep its technology a secret. D. To maintain the government’s authority. 15. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Life2vec: Superior To Other AI Apps B. New AI Can Predict Risk Of Early Death C. Advanced Technology Addresses Social Problems D. Insurance Companies: Keep Away From Life2vec 7. 24-25 江苏省学科基地 高三上 12月第一次大联考 阅读下列短文，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Over the recent months, many news agencies have been reporting a trend involving Generation Alpha, aged 1 to 14. According to a report from NielsenIQ, a global marketing research firm, US households with 6-to 12-year-old children spent 27 percent more on skincare last year than they did the year before. What’s more, they’ve been buying beauty products specially developed for older customers. Some people believe such fascination among Gen Alpha is merely a passing trend. However, experts think it is physical appearance anxiety that may be driving Gen Alpha to invest so much time, money, and effort into looking good. Physical appearance anxiety is a form of worry about perceived physical imperfections. Factors such as low self-worth or fear of being rejected can make people more likely to experience appearance anxiety. Generation Alpha has a high risk of having physical appearance anxiety as they spend hours consuming content on apps like TikTok. Digital platforms like this can expose kids to influencers with “perfect” faces and bodies. This false version of reality leads them to have negative feelings about their own appearance. Appearance anxiety isn’t limited to one’s physical features. Gen Alpha kids may also feel anxious if they’re wearing the “wrong” clothes or carrying an unfashionable schoolbag. Feeling unable to fit in with the cool crowd can make kids more withdrawn (内向的). Appearance anxiety can make kids lose their self-confidence, so they tend to avoid people or even stop interacting with others altogether. Some parents think that taking their Gen Alpha children to buy the best clothes or make-up may help relieve their kids’ anxiety over their appearance. But keep in mind that the feeling of satisfaction that they’d get from this is short-term. Instead of emptying your wallet, help your child to develop a sense of self-compassion. Learning how to treat themselves with love, acceptance, and understanding can have a positive and lasting effect on mental health, which may help to reduce appearance anxiety. 8. What does the report from NielsenIQ say about Generation Alpha? A. They have great buying power. B. They reduce skincare spending. C. They use make-up to look mature. D. They care much about their looks. 9. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The popularity of apps like TikTok. B. The negative impacts of social media. C. The rise of digital content consumption. D. The possible causes of appearance anxiety. 10. What does Gen Alpha kids’ appearance anxiety result in? A. Poor academic performance. B. Worse physical appearance. C. Withdrawal from social life. D. Loss of many online friends. 11. What should children do to overcome appearance anxiety? A. Buy beauty products. B. Appreciate self-worth. C. Focus on their studies. D. Expand their social circle. D Imagine you are driving on a stormy night, and your car suddenly alerts you to the danger of an imminent flood or an approaching hurricane. This future, where cars predict weather disasters well in advance, is edging toward reality, says the International Drivers Association. By 2030, cars are expected to evolve into “smart machines” in which reliable, personal weather forecasting units are installed, with advanced sensor technology and machine learning algorithms (算术) delivering real-time, exact weather updates. “Bridging the gap between vehicular technology and meteorology holds massive potential in increasing road safety,” says Julianna Marshall, a travel expert from the International Drivers Association. “Imagine your car alerting you to trouble ahead and then directing you away from a road that’s about to be flooded or a bridge at risk of collapsing due to strong winds. That’s a revolution we’re keenly looking forward to.” Several key factors lay the foundations for these weather-predicting capabilities in cars by the year 2030. Modern cars have complex sensors that can measure atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind speed. These sensors can feed data into an onboard computer, providing crucial real-time weather information. Cutting-edge artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies can now analyse complex weather patterns and predict future outcomes. By integrating these technologies into automotive systems, your car’s computer can provide forecasts along your routes. The interconnectivity of devices, known as the Internet of Things, will play a key role. Cars could share and receive weather data from a vast network of the connected devices, improving accuracy of predictions. Such tech-integrated cars will make driving during severe conditions safer while enhancing the overall travel experience. “Weather prediction in cars can save hundreds of lives annually by minimizing the likelihood of weather-related accidents,” Marshall emphasizes. “Getting hands on a car built with weather prediction technology might be optional today but will become imperative by 2030.” Undeniably, 2030 promises the advent of a transformative era in automobile technology, a world where your car might just be your best weather forecaster. An era where “the future is now” is not just an exciting prospect — it’s the norm. 12. What can the future cars probably do? A. Stop extreme weather happening. B. Change the path of the hurricane. C. Teach drivers how to predict weather. D. Perceive terrible weather conditions. 13. What does paragraph 4 focus on? A. Operational principle of future cars. B. The concept of the Internet of Things. C. The functions of complex sensors. D. Increasing complexity of road safety. 14. What does the underlined word “imperative” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Reliable. B. Essential. C. Complex. D. Unrealistic. 15. What is the author’s intention in the last paragraph? A. To make predictions. B. To offer suggestions. C. To fulfill promises. D. To express regrets. 8. 24-25 靖江高级中学 高三上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 C Mount Everest, a product of a collision (碰撞) between Eurasia and the Indian subcontinent, the Earth’s tallest mountain standing 8.85 kilometers above sea level, is still growing, continuing on an upward movement that began at their birth around 50 million years ago. Scientists now think they know the reason why. Everest’s growth has to do with the major joining of two nearby river systems. The Kosi river joined with the Arun river around 89,000 years ago, researchers estimated. This change in the area’s river system has led to Everest gaining around 15-50 meters in height. That suggests an upward movement rate of about 0.2-0.5 millimeters per year. The geological process at work, researchers said, is called isostatic rebound. Isostatic rebound involves the rise of land masses on Earth’s crust when the weight of the surface declines. The crust, Earth’s outermost part, floats atop hot, semi-liquid rock. In this case, the joining of the rivers resulted in increased erosion which carried off large amounts of rock and soil. This reduced the weight of the area near Everest. “Isostatic rebound can be likened to a floating object adjusting its position when weight is removed,” said Jin-Gen Dai of China University of Geosciences in Beijing. Dai is one of the leaders of the study published recently in Nature Geoscience. “When a heavy load, such as ice or eroded rock, is removed from the Earth’s crust, the land beneath slowly rises in response, much like a boat rising in water when the goods in it is unloaded,” Dai added. The researchers, who used numerical models to study, estimated that isostatic rebound accounts for only 10 percent of Everest’s yearly upward movement, or uplift rate. Dai said that the research shows our planet’s changing nature. Even a seemingly unchanging element like Mount Everest is “subject to ongoing geological processes, reminding us that Earth is constantly changing, often in imperceptible ways in our daily lives.” This geological process is seen in other places around the world. “A classic example is in Scandinavia, where the land is still rising in response to the melting of thick ice sheets that covered the region during the last Ice Age.This process continues today.” Dai said. Study co-writer Adam Smith, a University College London doctoral student, said GPS measurements show the continued rising of Everest and the rest of the Himalayas. This uplift is faster than the continued surface erosion caused by wind, rain and river flow. As this erosion continues, Everest’s uplift rate from isostatic rebound may increase, Smith said. Neighboring mountains, including Lhotse, the world’s fourth highest, and Makalu, the fifth highest, also get a boost from the same process. Lhotse is experiencing an uplift rate similar to Everest. Makalu has a slightly higher uplift rate. 8. Which of the following probably results in “isostatic rebound”? A. The weight of an object’s surface increases. B. All the goods is suddenly unloaded from a boat. C. Heavy loads of rocks are removed from the surface. D. Rock and soil keep accumulating on the Earth’s crust. 9. What does the underlined word imperceptible mean in paragraph 4? A. Incredible. B. Unnoticeable. C. Impressive. D. Distinctive. 10. Which of the following does Dai agree with? A. Mount Everest’s uplift brings some eroded rocks. B. Mount Everest has been rising merely in recent years. C. Everest’s rising is the evidence of the changing nature of Earth. D. Isostatic rebound is the main factor in Everest’s upward movement. 11. What did Adam Smith intend to tell us? A. Everest’s uplift is not unique. B. GPS helps little in the research. C. Surface erosion will decrease Everest’s uplift. D. Makalu experiences a slower uplift than Everest. D When science fiction and the science of time meet, they invite us into a deep exploration of the nature of time. Despite its presence everywhere in daily life, time remains a mystery, with no definitive definition. Our concept of time may be a mental shortcut, a tool for our limited brains to comprehend change. The English language frequently employs the noun“time,” yet we lack a satisfactory explanation for it. Concerning time, quantum (量子) mechanics and daily experiences often contradict each other, suggesting time’s complexity and ambiguous nature. Our mental conception of time may never correspond with its reality in the universe, but this shouldn’t stop us from exploring it. Many science fiction quotes touch on time. Ray Cummings’ 1919 novel, The Girl in the Golden Atom, offers a memorable quote: “Time is what keeps everything from happening at once,” implying time’s structural role in the universe. Blake Crouch’s Recursion presents a contrasting view: “Time is a false image, a concept made out of human memory.” Robert Charles Wilson’s Spin explores various forms of time, from personal measurement to cosmic scales, emphasizing our challenging relationship with it. S. D. Unwin’s One Second Per Second suggests time as chaos within a cosmic plan, with people and civilizations as its playthings. Robert V. S. Redick’s Vanishing Point describes time as a trick due to our comprehension of time’s flow. Captain Jean-Luc Picard from Star Trek says, “Time is a companion who reminds us to cherish every moment,” emphasizing its value. David Brin’s Brightness Reef describes time as a cruel judge, punishing even the successful and brilliant. Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships catches time’s frightening nature, darkening human achievements in the vastness of time. Time travel, a major topic of science fiction, is often discussed. H. G. Wells’ 1895 novel The Time Machine poses the enduring question of whether moving backward and forward in time is possible. These quotes from science fiction highlight our troubled relationship with time and encourage us to think more deeply about its reality. 12. What is the overall tone of the text? A. Inquiring. B. Pessimistic. C. Persuasive. D. Definitive. 13. What can be learned about time from paragraph 2? A. Time is easy to understand but has a complex nature in science. B. Time is a common concept in daily life well corresponding with scientific reality. C. Daily experiences often go against scientific understandings of time. D. Quantum physics has no impact on our understanding of time. 14. What does Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships emphasize? A. Time as a companion who reminds us to cherish every moment. B. The insignificance of human successes in the long history of time. C. The possibility to move backward and forward in time at will. D. A false belief due to our comprehension of time’s flow. 15. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The history of time and famous quotes in science fiction. B. The definition of time in scientific terms and time travel. C. The relationship between time and daily life. D. The science of time and its exploration in science fiction. 9. 24-25 南京市江宁高级中学、镇江一中等 高三上 12月联考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C When we think about lives filled with meaning, we often focus on people whose grand contributions benefited humanity. Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela surely felt they had a worthwhile life. But how about us ordinary people, struggling in a typical existence? There is an important element to consider. Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or imagine the scenery at the top of a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. This element is defined as EA (experiential appreciation) by Joshua Hicks, a psychological professor at Texas A & M University. Recently, he and his research team set out to figure out whether EA was related to a person’s sense of meaning in a series of studies that involved more than 3,000 participants. At an initial test, researchers had participants rate their agreement of different coping strategies to relieve their stress. They found people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful. Researchers then conducted a series of experiments, in which they gave participants specific tasks and, once more, asked them to report how strongly they identified with statements linked to purpose, etc. In one case, participants who watched an awe-inspiring video reported having a greater sense of EA and meaning in life, compared with those watched more neutral videos. After reflecting on the results collected from the participants, researchers confirmed their original theory. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with targets and goals. We are on the go, and we attempt to maximize output both at work and at leisure. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday life. 28. Why are the butterfly and the scenery on a hill mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To deliver moments of beauty. B. To explain personal experiences. C. To present the concept of EA. D. To show the necessity of protecting nature. 29. How did the researchers conduct the study? A. By studying previous research data. B. By analyzing the response from the participants. C. By shooting videos starring the participants. D. By designing different strategies to reduce stress. 30. Who tends to find life more meaningful according to the text? A. A person who always gets her life well-organized. B. A person who leads a fast-paced life. C. A person who often hears motivating speeches. D. A person who always expects future results. 31. What life philosophy does the author show in the last paragraph? A. No pains, no gains. B. Live your life one day at a time. C. Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle. D. Those who believe in their ability can do anything. D Have you ever found yourself having intrusive (侵扰的) thoughts about something you haven’t finished? Maybe a half-done work project is keeping you up at night or the suspenseful plot of a novel you’re reading keeps circling your thoughts. There is a reason why it’s so hard to stop thinking about uncompleted and interrupted tasks, and psychologists called it the Zeigarnik effect (Z-effect). The Ziegarnik effect was first observed by a Russian psychologist named Bluma Zeigarnik. While sitting in a busy restaurant in Vienna, Ziegarnik noted that the waiters had better memories of unpaid orders. Once the bill was paid, however, the waiters had trouble remembering the exact details of the orders. Zeigarnik did a series of experiments, in which participants were asked to complete simple tasks such as putting together puzzles, or solving math problems. Half of the participants were interrupted partway through doing these tasks. After an hour-long wait, Zeigarnik asked the participants to describe what they had been working on. She discovered that the people who had been interrupted in their work were twice as likely to remember what they had been doing as the people who had been able to complete the tasks. We are living in an information explosion era, and we need mental tricks to help us remember a great deal of information. The Zeigarnik effect serves as a prime example. We hold on to information in the short term by constantly pulling it back into our awareness. By thinking of uncompleted tasks often, we’re more likely to keep remembering them until they get done. The Zeigarnik effect tells us a lot about how memory works and you can use the Zeigarnik effect to your advantage. If you are struggling to memorize something important, momentary interruptions might work to your advantage. Rather than simply repeating the information, review it a few times, and then take a break. Nevertheless, leaving too many tasks unfinished can lead to feelings of overwhelm and anxiety. Therefore, it’s crucial to use this effect wisely in practical applications. 32. What is the typical characteristic of the Z-effect? A. Tending to memorize unfinished tasks. B. Trying to finish various tasks at a time. C. Performing terribly during a task. D. Suspending an uncompleted task. 33. What is the purpose of paragraph 3? A. To clarify a concept. B. To test an assumption. C. To explain the process of the experiments. D. To add background information. 34. Which is a practical application of the Z-effect? A. Reading a whole story in one breath. B. Producing a drama with unexpected endings. C. Keeping many windows open on your computer. D. Airing ads during the suspenseful moments in a TV series. 35. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Z-Effect: How Interruptions Enhance Memory. B. The Z-Effect: How to Boost Recall of Finished Tasks. C. The Power of Completing Tasks Ahead of Schedule. D. The Tricks of Developing Long-term Memory. 10. 24-25 南通海安高级中学 高三上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 C Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to relatives and neighbors, and substituted in their place loose relationships with passing acquaintances (相识之人). However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with relatives than big-city residents are. Yet city residents make up for it by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities more likely to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than residents of smaller communities are. However, city residents do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity (多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city residents are also more likely than small-town residents to have a cosmopolitan (见识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional family roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be willing to accept nontraditional religious groups and unpopular political groups. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behaviour seem to be outcomes of large population size. 8. According to paragraph 1, it was once a common belief that people in modern society ________. A. tended to acquaint themselves with people passing by B. couldn’t develop very close relationships with others C. bore great responsibilities to neighbors and relatives D. usually had more friends than small-town residents 9. One of the consequences of urbanism is that the city residents ________. A. suffer from the lack of friendship B. lower the quality of relationships C. show little concern for other people D. become suspicious of each other 10. We can learn from the passage that the bigger a community is, ________. A. the more tolerant and open-minded it is B. the more similar its interests is C. the more likely it is to display stress D. the better the quality of life is 11. What is the passage mainly about? A. Advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities or small towns. B. Minor differences in interpersonal rela-tionships between cities and towns. C. The positive role that urbanism has been playing in our modern society. D. The strong feeling of alienation that city residents are suffering. D Franz Katka (卡夫卡) died 100 years ago with his literary works unnoticed. He had instructed his friend Max Brod to burn his unpublished works. Brod did not: he believed Kafka to be a literary genius and published his late friend’s writing. In other words, Brod decided that Kafka’s stories belonged not to the late author, but to the public. Brod’s dilemma echoes today. People generate more data than ever, which, unlike physical bodies, does not disappear. According to Carl Ohman, a Swedish political scientist, this condition makes the modern world “post-mortal” (死后) . “Living in the post-mortal condition is to constantly find oneself in the shoes of Max Brod”, he observes. The digital era has reshaped humans’ relationship with the dead—as seen in social media reminders for birthdays of dead individuals. Such reminders are to grow more common: Mr. Ohman’s research has found that on Facebook the dead may well outnumber the living within 40 years. Advanced technology enables a continued relationship with the dead, such as Amazon’s development of a feature for Alexa, virtual assistant, to speak in the voice of a lost relative. Startups have used data to make chatbots of the dead - to strengthen users’ commercial relationship, Mr. Ohman points out At the root of Ohman’s book The Afterlife of Data is various complex philosophical questions. To whom do the dead’s data belong? Are data something people create, or a digital analogue (类比) to a physical body? If data are a digital form of the body, what responsibilities does the living have? These are not merely questions for individuals but for society. After all, historians often study the diaries of the dead. Their writers may have preferred to keep them private, but the light that such documents can shine on humanity’s past outweighs the late owner’s wishes. Mr. Ohman notes that data constitute “the biggest database of human behaviour in the history of our species”. And he urges that the social media firms should think twice in terms of how they handle digital remains. 12. What is the function of paragraph 1? A. To emphasize Kafka’s literary talent. B. To lead to the discussion on data handling. C. To praise the act to publish Kafka’s works. D. To write an introduction for Ohman’s book. 13. Why do people buy Alexa, the virtual assistant? A. To create a digital database. B. To control devices by voice. C. To access information quickly. D. To communicate with the dead. 14. What problem will people face in post-mortal world according to the passage? A. How to manage the dead’s data. B. How to realize the dead’s wishes. C. How to protect the dead’s privacy. D. How to restore the dead’s belongings. 15. Which of the following will Mr. Ohman probably agree with? A. Data should be in the possession of individuals. B. Historians should control access to digital remains. C. Data’s historical value is more important than the dead’s will. D. Social media firms should be fined for misuse of digital remains. 11. 24-25 南通市如皋基地等 高三上 12月教学质量调研(三） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C In a paper published in the journal The Reading Teacher, researchers show that students can learn just as much from a good novel as they can from a good textbook. By reading selections from fiction and non-fiction books, the researchers found that students learned the same amount about a particular period of history. But those who read fiction were better able to empathize with characters. The study was designed and led by Meredyth Dwyer, a child and youth counselor. For the study, 41 students aged between 9 and 12 were separated into two groups. Dwyer read aloud three passages from Bud, Not Buddy, a novel set during the Great Depression. Dwyer incorporated (包含) additional facts into the novel to ensure it contained the same historical facts as the non-fiction text. For the non-fiction group, she read passages from the textbook What Was the Great Depression?. Dwyer read to the groups four times over the course of one week for 25 minutes at a time. The students then filled out a series of questionnaires. They recorded the extent of the students’ empathy with the characters and their feelings about wanting to help them. The questionnaires also considered the students overall enjoyment and transportability, i.e., whether they felt that they had been transported by the story into another time and place. Children in the fiction group reported that the more they felt transported into the novel, the more likely they were to take on others’ views. Also, they expressed a strong desire to help the characters and reported higher listening enjoyment. By comparison, students in the non-fiction group reported a connection between transportability and overall enjoyment, but not with empathy. Both groups reported knowing more about the Great Depression after the listening activities than they did before. “This study can greatly guide teaching even though it’s based on a relatively small population. Bringing history to life through fiction allows students to see the world from characters points of view,” says Martin-Chang, a professor in the Department of Education. 28. What can be the most helpful in understanding historical figures? A. Official reports. B. Research papers. C. Historical novels. D. History textbooks 29. What did Dwyer take into consideration when designing the study? A. Children’s interest. B. Timely after-school reviews. C. Common factual information. D. Students’ family backgrounds. 30. What’s the main purpose of the questionnaires? A. To check children’s knowledge of American history. B. To seek surprising facts behind the Great Depression. C. To collect different opinions about personal enjoyment. D. To test children’s ability to connect with historical characters. 31. How did children in the fiction group differ from those in the non-fiction group? A. They got more pleasure from listening. B. They were much better at listening. C. They preferred to write historical novels. D. They gained more knowledge of history. D A new outdoor fabric, called LumiWeave, stores energy by day and then lights up at night. Being tested in a city park, this totally “cool” fabric has attracted interest for its many urban uses. This is the brainchild of Anai Green, an industrial and product designer. She designed a shading fabric that carries solar photovoltaic cells. The cells collect sunlight and store the energy in strips with LEDs. This allows the fabric to shade public space by day. When night falls, these strips light up. “We use LumiWeave to light public space without carbon emissions, making the lighting all-natural. And we spread light in the areas we want to brighten only,” said Green. The system was designed to adapt to all weather conditions and can continue to provide lighting even after three days without sunlight. In addition, you simply put LumiWeave up and the sun will do the work. This in itself saves 50 percent of the cost of building standard lighting, and it saves 100 percent on the electricity bills. This is great news for cities. Tel Aviv, Green’s hometown, is trying out LumiWeave in AtidimPark. The mayor of Tel Aviv, Ron Huldai, is making efforts to deal with climate change. “LumiWeave will turn out to be a groundbreaking project,” said Huldai. The mayor added that LumiWeave is especially important as it solves the issue of shading urban areas and uses clean energy. The new fabric can be fixed at the top of bike paths, in children’s parks and in walking areas. Many of the country’s major cities are planning to choose LumiWeave. As there is also use for the fabric in outdoor sitting areas of restaurants and hotels, Green has developed a LumiWeave parasol (遮阳伞). “We are now developing the possibility of controlling it from the phone - we’re creating an application,” said Green. “LumiWeave provides an ideal solution for urban parks and gardens. We hope that it will soon be lighting up night skies around the world.” 32. How does the new outdoor fabric work? A. By turning household waste into clean energy. B. By providing shade and energy in an eco-friendly way. C. By changing its temperatures according to the weather. D. By using photovoltaic cells to promote the plant growth. 33. Which can be the feature of LumiWeave? A. It is very convenient to use. B. It takes up a lot of public space. C. It’s equipped with self-repair materials. D. It can tell the weather conditions faster. 34. What is Ron Huldai’s attitude towards LumiWeave? A. Intolerant. B. Skeptical. C. Dismissive. D. Supportive. 35. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. LumiWeave may bring about safety concerns. B. LumiWeave is replaced by more intelligent devices. C. LumiWeave is being further developed for wider use. D. LumiWeave may speed up the process of urbanization. 12. 24-25 如皋中学 高三上 教学质量调研（三） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 C For many, travel isn’t just about the destination — it’s about making the most of the journey. However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness. If you’ve ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you’re not alone. Recognizing this common issue, Apple has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution; the Vehicle Motion Cues feature for iPhones and iPads. Motion sickness occurs when there is a disconnect between what your eyes see and what your body feels. When you’re in a moving vehicle, your body senses motion through its vestibular system (the inner ear), but if your eyes are focused on a still screen that doesn’t reflect this movement, the brain receives mixed signals. This sensory conflict can lead to dizziness, nausea, and overall discomfort - symptoms all too familiar to motion sickness sufferers. Apple’s new Vehicle Motion Cues feature is designed to bridge this gap and bring relief to those likely to experience motion sickness. This revolutionary feature works by displaying animated dots, around the edges of your screen, which move at the same time and speed as the motion of your vehicle. These moving cues help keep the motion your body feels in line with what your eyes see, effectively reducing the sensory mismatch that causes motion sickness. The magic lies in the simplicity and effectiveness. The animated dots move in consistency with the vehicle’s motion, providing a visual representation of the movement your body is experiencing. By matching the visual input with the physical sensations of motion, your brain is less likely to experience the confusion that leads to sickness. Early reports and user feedback indicate that Vehicle Motion Cues is receiving high praise for its effectiveness. So next time you embark on a journey, whether short or long, remember that Apple’s got your back — or rather, your brain - helping you make the most of every mile with ease and comfort. 28. Which type of people can be interested in Vehicle Motion Cues? A. Frequent travelers. B. Book lovers. C. Vehicle operators. D. Sport scientists. 29. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The principle of Apple’s new design. B. The cause of motion sickness. C. The functions of Apples new design. D. The symptoms of motion sickness. 30. By displaying animated dots around the screen, Apple’s Vehicle Motion Cues is able to_____. A. ease sensory conflicts in the brain B. tell the mismatched physical sensations C. balance the movement of our eyes and body D. increase the effectiveness of vehicle motion 31. Which can be the best title of the passage? A. Make the Most of Your Journey： Apple Bridges the. Gap B. Find the Magic of a Moving Vehicle: Apple’s Got! Your Back C. Enjoy Your Reading: Apple Offers a Revolutionary Solution D. Say Goodbye to Motion Sickness: Apple Introduces Its New Design D For thousands of years, the Taklamakan Desert preserved more than the bodies of those buried in China’s Tarim Basin. Archaeologists found pebble-sized pieces of a yellowish substance: the world’s oldest cheese, scattering around the necks of some bodies in Xiaohe, a Bronze Age cemetery. A recent study, published in Cell, analyzes the DNA of this ancient dairy, shedding light on how it was made and how its production spread. In a previous study, researchers took tiny samples of the 3,500-year-old cheese attached to the mummies’ necks. An analysis of proteins in those bits unveiled the presence of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, a microbe (发酵菌) used to produce a type of fermented cheese called kefir. “That was really amazing”, says Qiaomei Fu, a scientist at Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. Having worked with ancient human DNA, she wanted to study the microbe’s DNA. However, extracting complete DNA from such ancient samples proved challenging, as it broke down over time and mixed with genetic information from the environment. In 2014, Fu began designing special molecules (分子) that could efficiently capture the microbe’s ancient DNA from the cheese. After years of work, Fu and her team managed to reconstruct 92 percent of the ancient microbe’s DNA. From this microbe’s DNA, the team could explore the history of the cheese’s production. Kefir is made by mixing milk with an existing microbe, and as it spread, so did the microbes used to make it. By comparing the DNA from the Xiaohe cheese with that of others, two branches emerged: one from Europe and the Pacific Islands, and the other from Tibet and East Asia, which suggests a possible route for kefir’s spread from Xinjiang to East Asia, possibly through migration. The DNA analysis also pointed to the interaction of ancient peoples. It uncovered that samples from cows and goats were found. Interestingly, the goat DNA resembled that of other ancient Central Asian goats, suggesting the mixing of population in Xinjiang with other Bronze Age populations. Researchers anticipate that further analysis of microbes in the cheese, along with other biological samples, could provide deeper insights into interactions between ancient populations. 32. What’s the significance of the DNA analysis of the ancient cheese? A. It reflects the civilization of the Bronze Age. B. It proves China to be the first to produce dairy products. C. It uncovers the mysterious buried bodies in Xiaohe cemetery. D. It reveals production methods and transmission routes of the cheese. 33. What obstacle did Fu’s team encounter in their study? A. The complete set of DNA was hard to obtain. B. The team lacked working experience with DNA. C. The previous study proved the absence of a microbe. D. The cheese samples were resistant to DNA extraction methods. 34. What can be inferred from the research findings? A. Ancient people migrated typically with cows and goats. B. Cheese played an essential role in ancient people’s diets. C. Kefir originated in Europe and spread to Tibet and East Asia. D. Kefir was possibly exchanged between peoples across different regions. 35. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. What’s in the Oldest Cheese? B. Can DNA Tell Secrets of Ancient Diets? C. Did Ancient Civilizations Perfect Cheese-Making? D. How Did the Oldest Cheese Connect with Cultural Exchange? 13. 24-25 泰州中学 高三上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Babies playfully tease others as young as eight months of age. Since language is not required for this behavior, similar kinds of playful teasing might be present in non-human animals. Now, a new study led by Isabelle Laumer at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior has documented playful teasing in five species of great apes. “Great apes are excellent candidates for playful teasing, as they are closely related to us, engage in social play, show laughter and display relatively sophisticated understandings of others’ expectations,” Laumer says. Laumer and her colleagues collected videos of five species of great apes: bonobos, Sumatran orangutans, western and eastern gorillas and chimpanzees. There were a total of 34 apes, all housed in zoos. After examining 75 hours of videos, the team documented 504 social interactions between individuals. Of those, 142 were classified as examples of playful teasing, consisting of 18 behaviors, including poking (戳), hitting, pulling on hair and stealing. The researchers found that the teaser tended to look at their target’s face straight after an action, which suggests that a response was expected. If there wasn’t any reaction, the teaser would usually escalate the teasing, for example by poking their targets even more. And this behavior typically happened in a calm, comfortable setting, which can signify that it was playful, instead of being aggressive. “And much like play in general, it is also helpful in building relationships between members of a group and even testing out social boundaries,” the researchers add. But the researchers noted that it differed from humans’ play in several ways. “Playful teasing in great apes is one-sided, very much coming from the teaser often throughout the entire interaction,” explains Laumer. “The animals also rarely use play signals like the primate ‘playface’, which is similar to what we would call a smile, or ‘hold’ gestures that signal their intent to play.” “Studying great apes is critical to understanding which features of human cognition and behaviour are shared and likely evolved millions of years ago in a common ancestor,” says Christopher Krupenye at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland. “This study provides exciting evidence that all apes seem to engage in playful teasing behaviour and also charts a path for future research in other species.” 8. What can we learn from paragraph 2? A. What great apes convey through joyful teasing. B. Why the researchers chose great apes as subjects. C. What inspired the researchers to conduct the study. D. Why playful teasing can be independent of language. 9. Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word “escalate” in paragraph 4? A. avoid B. increase C. enjoy D. stop 10. What do we know about playful teasing among apes from the study? A. It is an effective way to build trust. B. It bears a strong similarity to our joking. C. It often results in fierce fight between them. D. It is of great help to their social interactions. 11. What is Christopher Krupenye’s attitude towards the study? A. Favorable. B. Unconcerned. C. Disapproving. D. Doubtful. D Teaching is a caregiving profession. We all have that one teacher who inspired us to aim higher, choose a certain career path, or simply discover our passions. This role comes with not only many satisfactions, but lots of pressure to hold yourselves to a higher standard. The responsibilities of teachers only increased during the pandemic, so teachers had to show compassion for students and parents — often without expecting the same treatment. That’s why it’s so easy to think of teachers as selfless people that give it all for future generations. However, where does that leave teachers? Educators are taught to do many things, but their education is usually lacking in addressing the emotional problems of being a teacher. During the pandemic, I failed to make my online classes as enjoyable as possible for my students. Later, it turned out that other teachers were having problems as well. I had zero reasons to feel so isolated in my experience. What I needed was self-compassion. According to Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, “Self-compassion is simply compassion directed inwards.” In other words, it’s about showing yourself the same care and understanding that you typically show students or other people in your life. Some people have more self-compassion than others, and working towards achieving more of it can help you in all aspects of your life. Being a teacher comes with so many expectations and responsibilities. In theory, nobody’s perfect, but there’s great pressure to be a good role model, educator, mentor, etc. The inner critic has so much more “material” to work with when you’ re in front of a class. It’s no wonder that in stressful situations, it’s harder to control your self-talk. For example, if you fail to upload a lesson on time, your inner critic will jump at the chance to say, “You’ re so forgetful, and I can’t believe you did this.” It’s no secret that teachers are usually under a lot of stress. A part of the solution can be incorporating self-compassion into teaching, which can not only enhance a satisfactory job but also have a good effect on students. 12. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Teachers’ dedicating themselves to the cause of teaching. B. Teachers’ showing great compassion for themselves. C. Teachers’ suffering from unknown mental pressure. D. Teachers’ failing to learn something in their careers. 13. Which of the following fits with Dr. Kristin Neff’s view on self-compassion? A. Self-compassion is hard for teachers to learn. B. Self-compassion helps teachers understand students well. C. The more self-compassion you have, the more benefits you’ll get. D. The more you understand others, the more self-compassion you’ll have. 14. What can be inferred from the example given in paragraph 3? A. Teachers’ responsibilities matter. B. Teachers have a lot of work pressure. C. Teachers play a big role in students’ life. D. It’s normal for teachers to do wrong things. 15. What is mainly talked about in the text? A. The importance of teachers’ self-compassion. B. The suggestions on raising future generations. C. The necessity of reducing the burden on teachers. D. The approaches to teachers’ growth and development. 14. 24-25 盐城市八校 高三上 12月联考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C When scientists look for an earthquake’s cause, their search often starts underground. As centuries of earthquake researches have made clear, it’s the crash of makeup plates and the movement of underground faults and cracks that mainly lead to an earthquake. But MIT scientists have now found that certain weather events may also play a role in setting off some quakes. In a study appearing recently in Science Advances, the researchers report that happenings of heavy snowfall and rain likely led to a series of earthquakes over the past several years in northern Japan. The study is the first to show that climate conditions could cause some quakes. “We see that snowfall and other environmental loading at the surface affect the stress state underground, and the timing of heavy rainfall events is well-connected with the start of this earthquake crowds,” says study author William Frank, an assistant professor in MIT’s Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences. “So, climate obviously has an effect on the response of the solid earth, and part of that response is earthquakes.” The new study focuses on a series of ongoing earthquakes in Japan’s Noto Peninsula. The team discovered that earthquake activity in the area is surprisingly in step with certain changes in underground pressure, and that those changes are influenced by seasonal patterns of snowfall and rainfall. The scientists doubt that this new connection between quakes and climate may not be unique to Japan and could play a role in shaking up other parts of the world. Looking to the future, they predict that the climate’s influence on earthquakes could be more pronounced with global warming. “If we’re going into a climate that’s changing, with more extreme rainfall events, and we expect a redistribution of water in the atmosphere, oceans, and continents, that will change how the Earth’s crust (地壳) is loaded,” Frank adds. “That will have an effect for sure, and it’s a link we could further explore.” 8. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1? A. Introduce the main topic. B. Describe a scientific experiment. C. Present different opinions on earthquakes. D. Explain the causes of earthquakes in detail. 9. What is the finding of the study? A. Heavy rainfall indicates big earthquakes. B. Global warming will lead to more snowfall. C. There will be more and more earthquakes in the future. D. Certain weather events may contribute to some earthquakes. 10. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A. The research results will be applied immediately. B. The influence of climate on earthquakes will decrease. C. There will be no earthquakes caused by underground faults. D. More research on the climate-earthquake link will be conducted. 11. What is a suitable title for the text? A. The Secret of Earthquakes B. How to Predict Earthquakes C. Climate and Earthquakes: A New Link D. The Effects of Global Warming on Earthquakes D Apple announced four new iPhone 16 models during a launch event September 9 from its headquarters in Cupertino, California. It said the new models are equipped with special chips to support the increased power needed for AI operations. Apple says the AI built into the devices is part of its newly developed Apple Intelligence technology. The company describes the technology as a “personal intelligence system” designed to help users “communicate, work, and express” themselves. The new AI tools, or features, are designed to improve on past ones, including the company’s 13-year-old Siri digital assistant. Company officials say they aim to get Siri to better understand requests and actions of the user. One new feature of iPhone 16 models lets users search for pictures in their images collection by describing what an image looks like. AI tools can also help users create personal emojis and can organize and provide brief descriptions of emails. Other AI features include improved camera and video production functions. The new iPhone models are also equipped with a new button that reacts to clicks and hand movements to make it easier and faster to set up shots, capture images and start video recording. Apple’s push to include AI tools in its new devices is partly seen as a reaction to moves by competitors like Samsung and Google. Both of those companies have already offered users powerful new AI tools in their latest smartphone models. In addition to the new AI features offered, Apple has also teamed up with ChatGPT developer OpenAI to give users the chance to use that company’s technology for more complex operations. In June, Apple announced it was working with OpenAI to create a series of AI tools for iPhones and other personal devices. Besides announcing the new AI-equipped devices, Apple also introduced new models of its Apple Watch and AirPods headphones. The Apple Watch Series 10 has a larger and brighter display that aims to improve views from any position. The changes to Apple Watch also include additional health features, such as a sleep monitor tool that aims to identify the disorder sleep apnea (睡眠呼吸暂停症). 12. Why do the new models have special chips? A. To enhance iPhone’s market competitiveness. B. To ensure the speed of mobile Internet access. C. To make it easier to take pictures with iPhones. D. To support the higher power required for AI operations. 13. What is a new feature of iPhone 16 models? A. Siri digital assistant is replaced. B. A new button is added to create emojis. C. AI tools help organize users’ emails by date. D. Users can find pictures through descriptions. 14. What can we say about Apple’s new devices? A. They’re more complex than Google’s. B. They’re unsuccessful compared to Samsung. C. They’re very competitive cooperating with OpenAI. D. They’re gradually being replaced by other companies’ products. 15. What might the author continue talking about? A. The price of Apple 16. B. The changes of AirPods headphones. C. The advantages of AI tools. D. The reason for the disorder sleep apnea. 15. 24-25 扬州市广陵区扬州中学 高三上 1月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Wild animals are equipped with a variety of techniques to avoid becoming lunch for a bigger animal, also known as a predator (捕食者) in nature. The most well-known methods include the classic fight and flight as well as freeze. A team of researchers wondered whether closeness to people might impact those survival strategies. “We often see that animals are more tolerant around us in urban areas, but we don’t really know why.” says evolutionary biologist Dan Blumstein. “Is it individual plasticity, meaning individuals change their fear of us and that leads to tolerance? Or can there be an evolutionary factor involved?” To find out, Blumstein and his colleagues combined information from 173 studies of over 100 species, including mammals, birds, fish and even mollusks. It turns out that regardless of evolutionary ancestry, the animals react in a similar way to life among humans: they lose their anti-predator characteristics. That pattern is especially pronounced for plant-eating animals and for social species. This behavioral change is perhaps unsurprising when it’s intentional, the result of domestication or controlled breeding. But it turns out that urbanization alone results in a similar change, though around three times more slowly. The main point is: we’re essentially domesticating animals by urbanization. We’re selecting for the same sorts of characteristics that we would if we were actually trying to domesticate them. If the urbanization process helps animals better co-exist with people, it could be to their benefit. But if it makes them more defenseless to their nonhuman predators, it could be a real problem. Either way, these results mean that city living has enough of an influence on wild animals that evolutionary processes kick in. Those reductions in anti-predator characteristics become encoded in their genes. We’re changing the population genetics one way or another. What the researchers now wonder is whether the mere presence of tourists in less urbanized areas can cause similar changes in wild animals. If so, serious questions exist for the idea of ethical, welfare-oriented eco-tourism. If we wish to help animals keep their anti-predator defenses, the researchers say, we might have to intentionally expose animals to predators. It’s just yet one other way that we’re changing the world around us. 8. The research led by Blumstein is aimed at ________. A. determining how animals’ survival is impacted by individual plasticity B. studying how living among humans affects animals’ survival strategies C. comparing the effectiveness of different survival techniques D. finding out which evolutionary factor impacts animals’ survival methods 9. Which of the following practices may contribute to animals losing anti-predator characteristics? A. Controlled breeding of animals. B. Banning the operation of eco-tourism. C. Planned selection of favorable genes. D. Eliminating domestication. 10. Which of the following statements is Blumstein likely to agree with? A. Urbanization has made wild animals more alert. B. Urbanization has brought concrete benefits to animals. C. City living has led to animals’ genetic variations. D. City living has helped to preserve animal species. 11. The animal rescue center spotted an injured fox a year ago and has since nursed it back to health. Before releasing it back to the wild, the center should probably ________. A. expose the fox to the urban environment repeatedly B. train the fox to co-exist with the less aggressive predators C. intentionally get the fox accustomed to the presence of humans D. purposefully adapt the fox to predator related environment D ①A group of 41 states and the District of Columbia began a legal case against Meta, the parent company of Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and Messenger, insisting that the company knowingly used features on its platforms to cause children to overuse them. The accusations in the lawsuit raise a deeper question about behavior: Are young people becoming addicted to social media and the internet? Here’s what the research has found. ②David Greenfield, a psychologist and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction in West Hartford, Conn, said the devices tempt users with some powerful approaches. One is “intermittent reinforcement,” which creates the idea that a user could get a reward at any time. But when the reward comes is unpredictable. Adults are easily influenced, be noted, but young people are particularly at risk, because the brain regions that are involved in resisting temptation and reward are not nearly as developed in children and teenagers as in adults. Moreover, the adolescent brain is especially accustomed to social connections, and social media is all a perfect opportunity to connect with other people. ③For many years, the scientific community typically defined addiction in relation to substances, such as drugs, and not behaviors, such as gambling or internet use. That has gradually changed. In 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the official reference for mental health conditions, introduced the idea of internet gaming addiction. ④A subsequent study explored broadening the definition to “internet addiction.” The author suggested further exploring diagnostic criteria and the language, for instance, noting that terms like “problematic use” and even the word “internet” were open to broad interpretation, given the many forms the information and its delivery can take. ⑤Dr. Michael Rich, the director of the Digital Wellness Lab at Boston Children’s Hospital, said he discouraged the use of the word “addiction” because the internet, if used effectively and with limits, was not merely useful but also essential to everyday life. ⑥Greenfield agreed that there clearly are valuable uses for the internet and that the definition of how much is too much can vary. But he said there also were obvious cases where immoderate use disturbs school, sleep and other vital aspects of a healthy life. “Too many young consumers can’t put it down, ” he said.“ The internet, including social media like Meta, are the drugs affecting the mind.” 12. What was Meta accused of? A. It added problematic features to its platform. B. It started a discussion to mislead young people. C. It tempted children to use social media too much. D. It conducted illegal research on its parent company. 13. According to David Greenfield, users tend to be addicted to social media and the internet due to . A. their under-developed brain B. the random pattern of rewards C. their desire to be socially connected D. the possibility of escaping from reality 14. What can be concluded about the study introduced in Paragraph 4? A. Addiction is something about behaviors instead of substances. B. The online language can be interpreted from a broad perspective. C. Current diagnostic criteria of “internet addiction” isn’t satisfactory. D. There should be an agreement on the definition of the word “internet”. 15. Dr. Michael Rich and David Greenfield both agree that . A. proper use of the internet does good to children B. the internet is to blame for disturbing healthy life C. there are cases against immoderate use of the internet D. the word “addiction” is improperly used on the internet 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 25-26 高三上 第二次月考复习 --- 阅读理解CD 目录 1. 24-25 苏州市工业园区西安交通大学苏州附属中学 高三上 12月月考 2. 24-25 苏州市九校联考 高三上 12月教学质量调研 3. 24-25 常州市联盟校 高三上 12月月考 4. 24-25 江苏省G4（南师附中、无锡天一、南通海安、海门四校） 高三上 12月联考 5. 24-25 江苏省百校大联考2024-2025 高三上 12月考试 6. 24-25 江苏省四市十校联盟 高三上 12月阶段联测 7. 24-25 江苏省学科基地 高三上 12月第一次大联考 8. 24-25 靖江高级中学 高三上 12月月考 9. 24-25 南京市江宁高级中学、镇江一中等 高三上 12月联考 10. 24-25 南通海安高级中学 高三上 12月月考 11. 24-25 南通市如皋基地等 高三上 12月教学质量调研(三） 12. 24-25 如皋中学 高三上 教学质量调研（三） 13. 24-25 泰州中学 高三上 12月月考 14. 24-25 盐城市八校 高三上 12月联考 15. 24-25 扬州市广陵区扬州中学 高三上 1月月考 1. 24-25 苏州市工业园区西安交通大学苏州附属中学 高三上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C When you’re going through a period of anxiety or depression, it can be difficult to make decisions, whether those are significant life changes or everyday choices. Those with generalized anxiety disorder or mood disorders often report feeling uncomfortable with or being troubled by feelings of uncertainty, which doesn’t help when you need to make a decision, big or small. Now in a new study, researchers find that people with higher levels of anxiety and depression are less able to adapt to fast-changing situations. But with the right intervention (干预) there may be ways to help those with anxiety or depression make better decisions in the moment. Participants were aged between 18 and 55; some had symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder or major depressive disorder while others had no history of mental illness at all. In the study, after filling in measures related to anxiety, depression, and worry, participants took part in a video game. In each round, they were asked to choose between two shapes: picking one shape resulted in a reward, while the other delivered an electric shock. The task took place in two blocks — one stable, in which one shape was associated with a reward 75% of the time and the other 25% of the time, and the other unstable, in which the shape with a higher probability of resulting in reward switched every twenty trials. In the unstable block, therefore, the participants had to keep adjusting their responses as the probabilities change. Those participants with symptoms of anxiety or depression were slower to adjust their responses to the changes in probabilities. This suggests that mood disorders are associated with difficulty making decisions in changing circumstances. Senior author Sonia Bishop argues that those participants who adapted quickly did so because of their emotional resilience (适应力).” Emotionally resilient people tend to focus on what gave them a good outcome, and in many real-world situations that might be key to learning to make good decisions,” she says. Sonia Bishop suggests that encouraging people to focus on past successes rather than failures could be a useful behavioral intervention, making those difficult decisions a bit less tricky. 8. According to the text, which of the following affects decision-making? A. Feeling uncomfortable with someone. B. Feeling unsure of what will happen. C. Wondering who will make a decision. D. Wondering how to help make a decision 9. What was the purpose of the unstable block? A. To create a fast-changing situation. B. To train participants to respond to changes. C. To make the video game more challenging. D. To help those with anxiety make decisions. 10. Why does Sonia Bishop suggest focusing on past successes? A. To improve decision-making. B. To remember the achievements. C. To adapt quickly to a new situation. D. To avoid making difficult decisions. 11. What advice can be given according to the study? A. Try to think quickly when making decisions. B. Don’t expect too much when making decisions. C. Don’t focus on one single thing when making decisions. D. Reduce your anxiety or depression when making decisions. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在人们经历焦虑或抑郁时很难做出决定。一项新的研究发现，只要有正确的干预，也许有办法帮助那些焦虑或抑郁的人做出更好的决定。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Those with generalized anxiety disorder or mood disorders often report feeling uncomfortable with or being troubled by feelings of uncertainty, which doesn’t help when you need to make a decision, big or small. (患有广泛性焦虑症或情绪障碍的人经常报告说，不确定感让他们感到不舒服或受到困扰，而这种不确定感在你需要做出重要的或不重要的决定时都没有任何用处)”可知，对即将发生的事情感到不确定会影响决策。故选B。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“The task took place in two blocks — one stable, in which one shape was associated with a reward 75% of the time and the other 25% of the time, and the other unstable, in which the shape with a higher probability of resulting in reward switched every twenty trials. In the unstable block, therefore, the participants had to keep adjusting their responses as the probabilities change. (这项任务分两组进行——一组是稳定的，其中一种形状有75%的几率得到奖励，另一种有25%的几率得到奖励，而另一组是不稳定的，其中每20次试验中奖励的可能性更高的形状会发生变化。因此，在不稳定组中，参与者必须随着概率的变化不断调整他们的反应。)”可知，在不稳定组，中奖可能性更高的形状会在进行20次试验后会发生变化。由此推知，设置不稳定小组的目的是创造快速变化的局面，进而比较两种不同类型的参与者的适应能力。故选A。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Sonia Bishop suggests that encouraging people to focus on past successes rather than failures could be a useful behavioral intervention, making those difficult decisions a bit less tricky. (Sonia Bishop建议，鼓励人们专注于过去的成功而不是失败，这可能是一种有用的行为干预，让那些艰难的决定变得不那么棘手)”可知，Sonia Bishop建议关注过去的成功的原因是为了改善人们的决策能力。故选A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“When you’re going through a period of anxiety or depression, it can be difficult to make decisions, whether those are significant life changes or everyday choices.(在经历焦虑或抑郁时，你会很难做出决定，无论是重大的生活变化还是日常选择。)”和第二段中“Now in a new study, researchers find that people with higher levels of anxiety and depression are less able to adapt to fast-changing situations. But with the right intervention (干预) there may be ways to help those with anxiety or depression make better decisions in the moment. (现在，在一项新的研究中，研究人员发现，焦虑和抑郁程度较高的人更难适应快速变化的环境。但只要有正确的干预也许有办法帮助那些焦虑或抑郁的人在当下做出更好的决定)”可推知，根据这项研究可知，焦虑或抑郁会影响人们做出决策，所以可以建议人们在做决定时要减少焦虑或抑郁。故选D。 D Skeptics are strange a lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The "eco-guilt" brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews. Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the "real state of the world" as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming. So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that "After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down." Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's "preference for unexamined materials is incredible". A critical eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interest. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly. 12. According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as "skeptics"? A. People who agree on the popularity of "eco-guilt". B. People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities. C. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet. D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment. 13. Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg's books? A. The book challenges views about the fine state of the world. B. Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests. C. The author convinces people to speak comforting worldviews. D. Industry–funded media present confusing information. 14. The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to_________. A. find fault with Lomborg's book B. voice a different opinion C. challenge the authority of the media D. point out the value of scientific views 15. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage? A. To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media. B. To warn the public of the danger of half–blindness with reviews. C. To blame the media's lack of responsibility in information. D. To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了，环保怀疑主义者拒绝承认人类行为对环境的严重威胁。Bjorn Lomborg的新书认为现在地球的环境状态良好，《自然》杂志认为他所使用的材料未经检查，结果并不可信。新闻媒体应该呈现所有的客观信息让人们做出自己的决定。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment and they are tired of people who disagree with them.”（他们中的一些人拒绝承认人类活动对环境的严重威胁，并且他们厌倦了那些不同意他们观点的人。），可知一些怀疑主义者拒绝承认人类行为对环境的严重威胁，C项“People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.”（那些不相信我们星球的严重状况的人。）内容与之相符。故选C项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。由第二段中的“Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.”（当然，另一个解释是一些有特殊利益的大企业财大气粗。事实上，Lomborg的观点与一些由行业资助的组织类似，这些组织通过媒体开展了大量活动，让公众对全球变暖等问题感到困惑。），可知Lomborg's books的书很受欢迎是因为他的观点和很多受到工业资助的组织一致，背后有大的企业在维护他们的利益，用Lomborg的观点来混淆视听。故选B项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段“Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's "preference for unexamined materials is incredible".”（这种片面的观点本应立即受到挑战。但只有一个不同的评论出现在《自然》杂志，这是一个受人尊敬的科学杂志，有特定的读者群。评论指出，Lomborg先生“对未经审查的材料的偏爱令人难以置信”。），可知Lomborg的观点本应该被批评，《自然》杂志就认为Lomborg的观点所使用的材料是未经检查的，他的观点是难以相信的，作者提出《自然》杂志就是为了发出不同的观点。故选B项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“A critical eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions.”（批判的眼光是很有价值的，媒体应该以一种能够让人们做出明智决定的方式来呈现信息。），可知作者认为新闻媒体的批判性眼光很重要，为了让人们做出明智决定，媒体信息的呈现方式很重要，即媒体应该客观批判地呈现所有信息（让人们做出决定）。故选A项。 2. 24-25 苏州市九校联考 高三上 12月教学质量调研 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C In a paper published in the journal The Reading Teacher, researchers show that students can learn just as much from a good novel as they can from a good textbook. By reading selections from fiction and non-fiction books, the researchers found that students learned the same amount about a particular period of history. But those who read fiction were better able to empathize with characters. The study was designed and led by Meredyth Dwyer, a child and youth counselor. For the study, 41 students aged between 9 and 12 were separated into two groups. Dwyer read aloud three passages from Bud, Not Buddy, a novel set during the Great Depression. Dwyer incorporated (包含) additional facts into the novel to ensure it contained the same historical facts as the non-fiction text. For the non-fiction group, she read passages from the textbook What Was the Great Depression?. Dwyer read to the groups four times over the course of one week for 25 minutes at a time. The students then filled out a series of questionnaires. They recorded the extent of the students’ empathy with the characters and their feelings about wanting to help them. The questionnaires also considered the students overall enjoyment and transportability, i.e., whether they felt that they had been transported by the story into another time and place. Children in the fiction group reported that the more they felt transported into the novel, the more likely they were to take on others’ views. Also, they expressed a strong desire to help the characters and reported higher listening enjoyment. By comparison, students in the non-fiction group reported a connection between transportability and overall enjoyment, but not with empathy. Both groups reported knowing more about the Great Depression after the listening activities than they did before. “This study can greatly guide teaching even though it’s based on a relatively small population. Bringing history to life through fiction allows students to see the world from characters points of view,” says Martin-Chang, a professor in the Department of Education. 8. What can be the most helpful in understanding historical figures? A. Official reports. B. Research papers. C. Historical novels. D. History textbooks 9. What did Dwyer take into consideration when designing the study? A. Children’s interest. B. Timely after-school reviews. C. Common factual information. D. Students’ family backgrounds. 10. What’s the main purpose of the questionnaires? A. To check children’s knowledge of American history. B. To seek surprising facts behind the Great Depression. C. To collect different opinions about personal enjoyment. D. To test children’s ability to connect with historical characters. 11. How did children in the fiction group differ from those in the non-fiction group? A. They got more pleasure from listening. B. They were much better at listening. C. They preferred to write historical novels. D. They gained more knowledge of history. 【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现好的小说也可以帮助孩子学习，介绍了研究开展的经过以及有关发现。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“By reading selections from fiction and non-fiction books, the researchers found that students learned the same amount about a particular period of history. But those who read fiction were better able to empathize with characters.(通过阅读小说和非小说类书籍的选段，研究人员发现，学生们对某一特定历史时期的了解是相同的。但那些读小说的人更能与人物产生共鸣)”可知，历史小说对理解历史人物最有帮助。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Dwyer incorporated additional facts into the novel to ensure it contained the same historical facts as the non-fiction text.( Dwyer在小说中加入了额外的事实，以确保它包含与非小说文本相同的历史事实)”可知，Dwyer在设计这项研究时考虑了常见的事实信息。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The students then filled out a series of questionnaires. They recorded the extent of the students’ empathy with the characters and their feelings about wanting to help them. The questionnaires also considered the students overall enjoyment and transportability, i.e., whether they felt that they had been transported by the story into another time and place.(然后，学生们填写了一系列问卷。他们记录了学生们对角色的同情程度，以及他们想要帮助角色的感受。问卷还考虑了学生的整体享受和可转移性，即，他们是否觉得自己被故事带到另一个时间和地点)”可知，问卷调查的主要目的是测试孩子与历史人物联系的能力。故选D。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Children in the fiction group reported that the more they felt transported into the novel, the more likely they were to take on others’ views. Also, they expressed a strong desire to help the characters and reported higher listening enjoyment. By comparison, students in the non-fiction group reported a connection between transportability and overall enjoyment, but not with empathy.(小说组的孩子报告说，他们越是沉浸在小说中，就越有可能接受别人的观点。此外，他们表达了帮助角色的强烈愿望，并报告了更高的聆听乐趣。相比之下，非小说组的学生报告说，可移动性和整体享受之间存在联系，但与移情无关)”可知，小说组的孩子和非小说组的孩子的不同在于他们从倾听中得到更多的乐趣。故选A。 D A new outdoor fabric, called LumiWeave, stores energy by day and then lights up at night. Being tested in a city park, this totally “cool” fabric has attracted interest for its many urban uses. This is the brainchild of Anai Green, an industrial and product designer. She designed a shading fabric that carries solar photovoltaic cells. The cells collect sunlight and store the energy in strips with LEDs. This allows the fabric to shade public space by day. When night falls, these strips light up. “We use LumiWeave to light public space without carbon emissions, making the lighting all-natural. And we spread light in the areas we want to brighten only,” said Green. The system was designed to adapt to all weather conditions and can continue to provide lighting even after three days without sunlight. In addition, you simply put LumiWeave up and the sun will do the work. This in itself saves 50 percent of the cost of building standard lighting, and it saves 100 percent on the electricity bills. This is great news for cities. Tel Aviv, Green’s hometown, is trying out LumiWeave in AtidimPark. The mayor of Tel Aviv, Ron Huldai, is making efforts to deal with climate change. “LumiWeave will turn out to be a groundbreaking project,” said Huldai. The mayor added that LumiWeave is especially important as it solves the issue of shading urban areas and uses clean energy. The new fabric can be fixed at the top of bike paths, in children’s parks and in walking areas. Many of the country’s major cities are planning to choose LumiWeave. As there is also use for the fabric in outdoor sitting areas of restaurants and hotels, Green has developed a LumiWeave parasol (遮阳伞). “We are now developing the possibility of controlling it from the phone - we’re creating an application,” said Green. “LumiWeave provides an ideal solution for urban parks and gardens. We hope that it will soon be lighting up night skies around the world.” 12. How does the new outdoor fabric work? A. By turning household waste into clean energy. B. By providing shade and energy in an eco-friendly way. C. By changing its temperatures according to the weather. D. By using photovoltaic cells to promote the plant growth. 13. Which can be the feature of LumiWeave? A. It is very convenient to use. B. It takes up a lot of public space. C. It’s equipped with self-repair materials. D. It can tell the weather conditions faster. 14. What is Ron Huldai’s attitude towards LumiWeave? A. Intolerant. B. Skeptical. C. Dismissive. D. Supportive. 15. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. LumiWeave may bring about safety concerns. B. LumiWeave is replaced by more intelligent devices. C. LumiWeave is being further developed for wider use. D. LumiWeave may speed up the process of urbanization. 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了LumiWeave是一种创新的户外织物，通过太阳能收集和储存能量，在夜间提供照明，同时适应各种天气条件，为城市公共空间提供环保、经济的照明解决方案。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“She designed a shading fabric that carries solar photovoltaic cells. The cells collect sunlight and store the energy in strips with LEDs. This allows the fabric to shade public space by day. When night falls, these strips light up. (她设计了一种携带太阳能光伏电池遮阳织物。电池收集阳光并将能量储存在带LED的条带中。这使得这种织物在白天为公共空间遮阳。夜幕降临时，这些条带会亮起来。)”可知，这种新型户外织物通过环保的方式提供遮阳和照明功能。故选B项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The system was designed to adapt to all weather conditions and can continue to provide lighting even after three days without sunlight. In addition, you simply put LumiWeave up and the sun will do the work. This in itself saves 50 percent of the cost of building standard lighting, and it saves 100 percent on the electricity bills. (该系统旨在适应各种天气条件，即使在三天没有阳光的情况下也能继续提供照明。此外，你只需把LumiWeave挂起来，太阳就会完成这项工作。这本身就节省了50%的建筑标准照明成本，并且节省了100%的电费。)”可知，LumiWeave可适应各种天气条件，只需安装即可，无需额外操作，节省了大量成本。这表明它使用起来非常方便。故选A项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中““LumiWeave will turn out to be a groundbreaking project,” said Huldai. The mayor added that LumiWeave is especially important as it solves the issue of shading urban areas and uses clean energy. (“LumiWeave将成为一个开创性的项目，”Huldai说。市长补充说，LumiWeave特别重要，因为它解决了城市地区的遮阳问题，并使用了清洁能源。)”可知，Ron Huldai认为LumiWeave富有开创性，并强调它解决了城市遮阳和使用清洁能源的优势。这表明他对LumiWeave持支持态度。故选D项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As there is also use for the fabric in outdoor sitting areas of restaurants and hotels, Green has developed a LumiWeave parasol (遮阳伞). “We are now developing the possibility of controlling it from the phone - we’re creating an application,” said Green. (由于这种面料也可以用于餐馆和酒店的户外休息区，Green开发了一款LumiWeave遮阳伞。Green说：“我们现在正在开发通过手机控制它的可能性——我们正在开发一个应用程序。”)”可知，Green在开发LumiWeave的更多用途，包括餐馆和酒店的户外遮阳伞，并且计划通过手机应用程序控制。这表明LumiWeave正在被进一步开发以获得更广泛的应用。故选C项。 3. 24-25 常州市联盟校 高三上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Onco Ballet is a non-profit organization in Orange County dedicated to addressing the mental and physical needs of the cancer community through ballet. Founded by Anna Wassman-Cox, who found healing in dance during her own cancer treatment, Onco Ballet offers free classes at select dance studios and hospitals. Wassman-Cox, a professional dancer, aims to make ballet accessible and enjoyable for everyone, regardless of skill level. The classes provide a creative outlet for participants during uncertain times concerning their health. Estee Fratzke, a breast cancer survivor and owner of Fringe Dance Studio, emphasizes how ballet allows individuals to express themselves authentically. Fellow survivor Kerry Hedley appreciates the supportive environment where everyone is accepted for their abilities. Beyond fostering community, Onco Ballet offers significant physical benefits. Diana Mendoza, another breast cancer survivor, shares her experience of overcoming physical limitations through dance, affirming, “I can still be a ballerina.” This empowerment is crucial for many who face challenges after cancer treatment. Marie Miao, a clinical oncology social worker at Hoag Health Center, notes that Onco Ballet incorporates bilateral movements, which have been shown to reduce stress and anxiety while promoting calmness. The classes also transform the perception of the health center, shifting it from a place of treatment to one of joy and learning. Wassman-Cox reflects on her journey at Hoag, stating that returning now brings her joy as she contributes positively to the community. Aimee Murcia agrees, describing the classes as a much-needed mental distraction that also provides a sense of normalcy. In a time when many cancer survivors may struggle with depression, Mendoza believes Onco Ballet fosters healing and connection. Being in a room with fellow survivors creates a powerful sense of resilience and courage, reinforcing the idea that they are not alone in their journeys. Together, they celebrate their strength and shared experiences, finding joy in movement and community. 28. How did Anna Wassman-Cox initially come up with the idea to create Onco Ballet? A. She wanted to meet the needs of the cancer community through ballet. B. She discovered healing in ballet during her own cancer treatment. C. She offered free classes at select dance studios and hospitals. D. She made ballet accessible and enjoyable for everyone. 29. What do the breast cancer survivors think of Onco Ballet? A. It helps them rebuild their confidence. B. It reduces their stress and anxiety. C. It transforms people’s views on the health center. D. It contributes to their sense of achievement. 30. Why does the author mention Marie Miao in Paragraph 4? A. Prove Onco Ballet provides a creative outlet for breast cancer survivors. B. Showcase Onco Ballet offers significant physical benefits to participants. C. Present Onco Ballet as a much-needed mental distraction for cancer patients. D. Objectively list the benefits of Onco Ballet from an observer’s perspective. 31. How does the author primarily confirm the benefits of Onco Ballet? A. Making a comparison. B. Giving research results. C. Listing several examples. D. Quoting famous sayings. 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了Onco Ballet这一非营利组织如何通过芭蕾舞来满足癌症患者群体的精神和身体需求。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Founded by Anna Wassman-Cox, who found healing in dance during her own cancer treatment, Onco Ballet offers free classes at select dance studios and hospitals.(该组织由Anna Wassman-Cox创立，她在自己接受癌症治疗期间从舞蹈中找到了治愈的力量。)”可知，她是在自己癌症治疗期间从舞蹈中获得治愈力量，从而产生了创建“肿瘤芭蕾”的想法。故选B。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Estee Fratzke, a breast cancer survivor and owner of Fringe Dance Studio, emphasizes how ballet allows individuals to express themselves authentically. Fellow survivor Kerry Hedley appreciates the supportive environment where everyone is accepted for their abilities.( Estee Fratzke是一名乳腺癌幸存者，也是“边缘舞蹈工作室”的老板，她强调芭蕾如何让人们能够真实地表达自我。另一位幸存者Kerry Hedley很欣赏这个充满支持的环境，在这里每个人都因其自身能力而被接纳。)”以及第三段“Diana Mendoza, another breast cancer survivor, shares her experience of overcoming physical limitations through dance, affirming, “I can still be a ballerina.”(Diana Mendoza也是一名乳腺癌幸存者，她分享了自己通过舞蹈克服身体局限的经历，并坚定地表示：“我仍然可以成为一名芭蕾舞者。”)”可知，“肿瘤芭蕾” 帮助癌症幸存者们重新建立自信，让他们在面对癌症治疗后的种种挑战时能肯定自己。故选A。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Marie Miao, a clinical oncology social worker at Hoag Health Center, notes that Onco Ballet incorporates bilateral movements, which have been shown to reduce stress and anxiety while promoting calmness. The classes also transform the perception of the health center, shifting it from a place of treatment to one of joy and learning.( Marie Miao是霍格健康中心的一名临床肿瘤社会工作者，她指出“肿瘤芭蕾”融入了双侧运动，这种运动已被证明能够减轻压力和焦虑，同时促进内心的平静。这些课程还改变了人们对健康中心的看法，使其从一个单纯进行治疗的地方转变为一个充满欢乐和学习氛围的场所。)”可知，本段中的提到Marie Miao这位临床肿瘤社会工作者指出“肿瘤芭蕾”融入了双侧运动，能减轻压力和焦虑、促进平静，还改变了人们对健康中心的看法等内容，作者借Marie Miao专业人士的视角，客观地罗列了“肿瘤芭蕾”在不同方面所带来的益处。故选D。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Estee Fratzke, a breast cancer survivor and owner of Fringe Dance Studio, emphasizes how ballet allows individuals to express themselves authentically. Fellow survivor Kerry Hedley appreciates the supportive environment where everyone is accepted for their abilities.( Estee Fratzke是一名乳腺癌幸存者，也是“边缘舞蹈工作室”的老板，她强调芭蕾如何让人们能够真实地表达自我。另一位幸存者Kerry Hedley很欣赏这个充满支持的环境，在这里每个人都因其自身能力而被接纳。)”、第三段“Diana Mendoza, another breast cancer survivor, shares her experience of overcoming physical limitations through dance, affirming, “I can still be a ballerina.”(Diana Mendoza也是一名乳腺癌幸存者，她分享了自己通过舞蹈克服身体局限的经历，并坚定地表示：“我仍然可以成为一名芭蕾舞者。”)”以及第四段“Marie Miao, a clinical oncology social worker at Hoag Health Center, notes that Onco Ballet incorporates bilateral movements, which have been shown to reduce stress and anxiety while promoting calmness. The classes also transform the perception of the health center, shifting it from a place of treatment to one of joy and learning.( Marie Miao是霍格健康中心的一名临床肿瘤社会工作者，她指出“肿瘤芭蕾”融入了双侧运动，这种运动已被证明能够减轻压力和焦虑，同时促进内心的平静。这些课程还改变了人们对健康中心的看法，使其从一个单纯进行治疗的地方转变为一个充满欢乐和学习氛围的场所。)”可知，文章采用列举多个例子的方式展现“肿瘤芭蕾”在心理、身体、营造社群氛围等方面带来的益处。故选C。 D Psychologists still aren’t sure about the origins of the central part of the human condition. One theory is that our conscious experience of emotions is based on sensations (感觉) in the body — facial feedback has often been cited as evidence for this theory, but some recent experiments have called it into question. So Stanford research scientist Nicholas Coles organized the Many Smiles Collaboration, a group that included people on both sides of the issue as well as fence-sitters like himself, and together they designed a method that everyone was satisfied with. They created a plan that included two well-known techniques intended to encourage participants to activate their smile muscles. Half of participants were asked to imitate the facial expressions seen in photos of smiling actors, and the others were given instructions to move the corners of their lips toward their ears and lift their cheeks using only the muscles in their face. In each group, half the participants performed the task while looking at cheerful images of puppies, kittens, flowers, and fireworks, and the other half simply saw a blank screen. They also saw these same types of images while directed to use a neutral (中性的) facial expression. In order to hide the goal of the trial, the researchers mixed in several other small physical tasks and asked participants to solve simple math problems. After each task, participants rated how happy they were feeling. The Many Smiles Collaboration collected data from 3,878 participants from 19 countries. After analyzing their data, the researchers found a noticeable increase in happiness from participants imitating smiling photographs or pulling their mouth toward their ears. “The stretch of a smile can make people feel happy and the locked brow can make people feel angry; thus, the conscious experience of emotion must be at least partially based on bodily sensations,” Coles said. “Over the past few years, the science took one step back and a few steps forward. But now we’re closer than ever to understanding a fundamental part of the human condition: emotion.” 32. According to the text, what is the central part of the human condition? A. Emotions. B. Experiences. C. Sensations. D. Expressions. 33. Why did the Many Smiles Collaboration design the new research plan? A. To resolve people’s confusion about smile. B. To help people understand the origin of smile. C. To find out the origin of human emotions. D. To satisfy everyone involved in the experiments. 34. How did the Many Smiles Collaboration mainly carry the research? A. By carrying out investigations. B. By conducting controlled experiments. C. By collecting and analyzing existing data. D. By developing mathematical or computational models. 35. What is Coles’ attitude toward the result of their research? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一种理论认为，我们对情感的有意识体验是基于身体的感觉，但最近的一些实验对此提出了质疑，文章详细介绍了实验的开展和结果。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段中“Psychologists still aren’t sure about the origins of the central part of the human condition. One theory is that our conscious experience of emotions is based on sensations (感觉) in the body (心理学家仍然不确定人类状况核心部分的起源。一种理论认为，我们对情感的有意识体验是基于身体的感觉)”，相关实验和最后一段中“But now we’re closer than ever to understanding a fundamental part of the human condition: emotion. (但现在我们比以往任何时候都更接近于理解人类状况的一个基本部分：情感)”可知，文章中研究人员对情感（emotions）这个人类基本状况的核心部分展开了研究。故选A项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段“Psychologists still aren’t sure about the origins of the central part of the human condition. One theory is that our conscious experience of emotions is based on sensations (感觉) in the body — facial feedback has often been cited as evidence for this theory, but some recent experiments have called it into question. (心理学家仍然不确定人类状况核心部分的起源。一种理论认为，我们对情感的有意识体验是基于身体的感觉——面部反馈经常被引用为这一理论的证据，但最近的一些实验对此提出了质疑)”和第二段“So Stanford research scientist Nicholas Coles organized the Many Smiles Collaboration, a group that included people on both sides of the issue as well as fence-sitters like himself, and together they designed a method that everyone was satisfied with. (因此，斯坦福大学的研究科学家尼古拉斯·科尔斯组织了“多微笑合作”，该组织包括问题双方的人以及像他这样的持观望态度的人，他们共同设计了一种让每个人都满意的方法)”可知，因为对“人类状况核心部分的起源的一种理论（我们对情感的有意识体验是基于身体的感觉）有质疑”，多微笑合作组织才会设计了新的研究计划，可得出多微笑合作组织设计了新的研究计划是为了探究人类情感的起源。故选C项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。由第三段中“Half of participants were asked to imitate the facial expressions seen in photos of smiling actors, and the others were given instructions to move the corners of their lips toward their ears and lift their cheeks using only the muscles in their face. In each group, half the participants performed the task while looking at cheerful images of puppies, kittens, flowers, and fireworks, and the other half simply saw a blank screen. (一半的参与者被要求模仿微笑演员照片中的面部表情，其他参与者则被指示仅用脸上的肌肉将嘴角移向耳朵，抬起脸颊。在每组中，一半的参与者在观看小狗、小猫、鲜花和烟花的欢快图像的同时执行任务，另一半则只是看到一个空白屏幕)”可知，多微笑合作组织是通过进行控制的对照实验进行研究的。故选B项。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。由最后一段中“Over the past few years, the science took one step back and a few steps forward. But now we’re closer than ever to understanding a fundamental part of the human condition: emotion. (在过去的几年里，科学后退了一步，又前进了几步。但现在我们比以往任何时候都更接近于理解人类状况的一个基本部分：情感)”Coles说的话可知，他对研究结果持赞同的态度。故选D项。 4. 24-25 江苏省G4（南师附中、无锡天一、南通海安、海门四校） 高三上 12月联考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 C Feeling discouraged after a favorite show ends is common, and it even has an unofficial term: post-series depression (PSD). Rita Kottasz, a marketing professor at Kingston University, defines PSD as “a feeling of emptiness and upset when something you love finishes”. This applies to TV shows, books, or video games, creating a desire for more. The concept of PSD gained popularity on social media and fan blogs in the mid-2010s, particularly during the Golden Age of TV. Kottasz prefers not to use the term PSD, instead calling it “consumer saudade”, a Portuguese word meaning nostalgic (怀旧的) longing. However, a journal editor convinced her to use PSD due to its established use outside of research. Kottasz and her colleagues published a 15-item classification scale for PSD based on interviews with fans who felt sad after their favorite things ended. Common emotions included frustration, disappointment, sadness, and emptiness. Some fans even felt that life was less complete or that they had lost “best friends”. While PSD is often associated with TV shows, Kottasz is exploring its connection to other media, such as the abrupt break of K-pop band BTS (防弹少年团) and novels like Harry Potter. Younger people are more affected than older ones, partially due to on-demand streaming and constant new content pushes from businesses like Netflix. Contrary to popular belief, binge-watching does not seem to trigger PSD. Instead, long-term consumption may be a factor. Kottasz thinks watching a show over several seasons or reading novels across many years strengthens a person’s relationship to the characters. In her 2019 paper, she cites a Harry Potter devotee who started reading the series at age 9 and was “cruelly left behind’ after the final book and film released years later. But it isn’t quite as simple as saying the end of a show or novel controls our emotional state. Brian Kong, a Chicago-based psychologist, is concerned that PSD might imply a causal relationship between low moods and a program’s end. Instead, he says that when viewers feel lasting negativity, TV consumption might be acting as an anesthetic(麻醉剂) for a deeper psychological issue, like how some people with anxiety or depression drink alcohol. Put another way, the low mood already existed, and watching the series only masked it. 8. Which of the following is a common reaetion among fans experiencing PSD? A. A fresh sense of purpose for life. B. A deep satisfaction after the show. C. A great sense of loss of best friends. D. A strong desire for a new hobby 9. What does the underlined word “binge-watching” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Reviewing every detail of a TV show day and night. B. Watching some episodes of a TV show in one sitting. C. Following the episodes of a TV show for a long duration. D. Reading a book series while watching the TV adaptation. 10. What does Brian Kong imply in the last paragraph? A. PSD covers up a deeper psychological issue. B. Viewers with negativity like drinking alcohol. C. TV consumption is the root cause of low moods D. Watching TV series can address psychological issues. 11. What might the following paragraphs focus on? A. The solutions to post-series depression. B. The marketing strategies of TV shows. C. The difference between PSD and nostalgla. D. The impact of social media on fan emotions. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“剧后抑郁（PSD）”的 概念、相关表现、影响因素，及对其与心理问题关联的看法。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Some fans even felt that life was less complete or that they had lost ‘best friends’.(一些粉丝甚至觉得生活不够完整，或者他们失去了‘最好的朋友’。)”可知，经历‘剧后抑郁（PSD）’的粉丝常见反应是感觉失去了‘好朋友’，即有很强的失落感。故选C项。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段“Contrary to popular belief, binge-watching does not seem to trigger PSD. Instead, long-term consumption may be a factor.(与普遍看法相反， 似乎不会引发PSD。相反，长期消费可能是一个因素。)”可知，与长期观看相对的是binge-watching，长期观看是长时间追看，那binge-watching意思应是一次性看几集（短时间内集中看完一些内容）。故选B项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Brian Kong, a Chicago-based psychologist, is concerned that PSD might imply a causal relationship between low moods and a program’s end. Instead, he says that when viewers feel lasting negativity, TV consumption might be acting as an anesthetic(麻醉剂) for a deeper psychological issue, like how some people with anxiety or depression drink alcohol. (芝加哥心理学家Brian Kong担心PSD可能意味着情绪低落与节目结束之间存在因果关系。相反，他说，当观众感到持续的消极情绪时，电视消费可能会成为更深层次心理问题的麻醉剂，比如一些焦虑或抑郁的人如何饮酒。)”可知，PSD可能掩盖了更深层次的心理问题，看电视只是起到一种麻醉作用，而负面情绪原本就存在。故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Brian Kong, a Chicago-based psychologist, is concerned that PSD might imply a causal relationship between low moods and a program’s end. Instead, he says that when viewers feel lasting negativity, TV consumption might be acting as an anesthetic(麻醉剂) for a deeper psychological issue, like how some people with anxiety or depression drink alcohol. Put another way, the low mood already existed, and watching the series only masked it.(芝加哥心理学家Brian Kong担心PSD可能意味着情绪低落与节目结束之间存在因果关系。相反，他说，当观众感到持续的消极情绪时，电视消费可能会成为更深层次心理问题的麻醉剂，比如一些焦虑或抑郁的人如何饮酒。换句话说，低落的情绪已经存在了，看电视剧只是掩盖了它。)”以及上文可知，文章前面介绍了“剧后抑郁（PSD）”的定义、相关情况、引发因素等，最后提到它可能掩盖深层次心理问题，按照行文逻辑，接下来可能会聚焦于“剧后抑郁（PSD）”的解决办法。故选A项。 D In recent years, to monitor biodiversity and perceive how changes in ecosystems affect migratory (迁徙的) routes, researchers and conservationists have focused on tracking migratory bird populations worldwide. These birds, which travel thousands of kilometers between breeding and wintering grounds, face numerous threats, including habitat loss, climate change, and human activities. Using state-of-the-art satellite technology, scientists have managed to collect large datasets on bird movements, providing crucial insights into their migratory patterns and paternal risks. However, despite the abundance of tracking data, a recent study from the University of Cambridge underscores that significant gaps in our understanding of many species still exist. “While we have a vast amount of tracking data, we often overlook smaller migratory species or those that travel less popular routes,” explains Dr. Emma Lewis, the study’s lead author. “Our reliance on satellite tags has also led us to focus mainly on larger species that can carry the weight of the tracking devices, leaving smaller birds, which are often just as vulnerable, underrepresented in our data.” The study examined data from over a million tracking records of migratory birds and identified several areas with limited information. Birds from remote areas, for instance, were much less likely to be tracked due to accessibility issues. Additionally, there was a strong bias (偏见) toward species that are already of high interest to the public, such as eagles or storks, rather than smaller, less prominent birds. Dr. Lewis and her team believe this bias could lead to conservation resources being disproportionately allocated to certain species while neglecting others that may be equally at risk. To address these issues, Dr. Lewis suggests expanding tracking efforts to include more diverse bird populations. “By collaborating with local researchers and investing in lighter, more efficient tracking technology, we can gather data on a broader range of species,” she explains. “Encouraging birdwatchers to report sightings of less common migratory birds could fill current data gaps and offer a more comprehensive image of global migratory patterns.” This combined approach could ensure that future conservation efforts are better informed and more inclusive, ultimately contributing to the protection of all migratory bird species. 12. What’s the main issue with current migratory bird tracking? A. Heavily relying on large databasets. B. Ignoring short-distance migrations. C. Primarily tracking larger bird species. D. Focusing on migration in breeding seasons. 13. What contributes to data gaps in migratory bird tracking? A. Inaccurate public sightings. B. Expensive tracking devices. C. Lack of conservation funding. D. Limitations of tracking technology. 14. What is the researchers’ concern about conservation resources? A. Desperate shortage in popular routes. B. Uneven allocation to certain species. C. Rare accessibility to larger bird species D. Irresponsible overuse in remote habitats 15. How does Dr. Lewis suggest improving bird migration data? A. Limit resources to high-profile species. B. Launch new programs for endangered species. C. Enhance tracking methods for prominent bird species. D. Engage the public in observing underrepresented birds. 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了近年来科学家和研究人员使用先进的卫星技术追踪候鸟迁徙，以监测生物多样性和了解生态系统变化对迁徙路线的影响，但仍然存在一些问题，比如数据缺口和偏见，并探讨了解决方法。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Our reliance on satellite tags has also led us to focus mainly on larger species that can carry the weight of the tracking devices, leaving smaller birds, which are often just as vulnerable, underrepresented in our data. (我们对卫星标签的依赖也导致我们主要关注能够承受跟踪设备重量的大型物种，而在我们的数据中，往往同样脆弱的小型鸟类的代表性不足。)”可知，当前候鸟追踪的主要问题是主要追踪大型鸟类，而体型较小、同样脆弱的鸟类在我们的数据中代表性不足，故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Birds from remote areas, for instance, were much less likely to be tracked due to accessibility issues. Additionally, there was a strong bias (偏见) toward species that are already of high interest to the public, such as eagles or storks, rather than smaller, less prominent birds. Dr. Lewis and her team believe this bias could lead to conservation resources being disproportionately allocated to certain species while neglecting others that may be equally at risk. (例如，由于可及性问题，来自偏远地区的鸟类被追踪的可能性要小得多。此外，人们对鹰或鹳等公众已经非常感兴趣的物种有强烈的偏见，而不是较小的、不太出名的鸟类。刘易斯博士和她的团队认为，这种偏见可能导致保护资源被不成比例地分配给某些物种，而忽视了其他可能同样面临风险的物种。)”可知，导致候鸟追踪中的数据缺口的原因是追踪技术的局限性，故选D。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Dr. Lewis and her team believe this bias could lead to conservation resources being disproportionately allocated to certain species while neglecting others that may be equally at risk. (刘易斯博士和她的团队认为，这种偏见可能导致保护资源被不成比例地分配给某些物种，而忽视了其他可能同样面临风险的物种。)”可知，研究人员对资源保护的担忧是分配给某些物种的资源不均衡，故选B。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Encouraging birdwatchers to report sightings of less common migratory birds could fill current data gaps and offer a more comprehensive image of global migratory patterns. (鼓励观鸟者报告看到的不常见的候鸟，可以填补目前的数据空白，并提供一个更全面的全球迁徙模式的图像。)”可知，刘易斯博士建议让公众参与观察代表性不足的鸟类，以改进鸟类迁徙数据，故选D。 5. 24-25 江苏省百校大联考2024-2025 高三上 12月考试 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C A paper published by professors and students from 14 Chinese universities aimed at restoring Chinese citizens reputation for honesty has triggered hot discussion on social media platforms. More than 100 professors and students from the universities, along with a professor from Old Dominion University in the United States, conducted experiments at 500 different locations in China. Through data analysis, they invalided a paper published in the journal Science, which found that Chinese citizens ranked the lowest in terms of civil honesty. The Chinese paper, titled “Unlocking controversies (争议) over civil honesty measurement: An extended field replication (复制) in China”, was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, or PNAS, in the US in July. It challenged the findings of a study conducted by four behavioral economists, including Alain Cohn from the University of Michigan, in 2019. Cohn’s study involved a transnational experiment in which foreign research assistants handed in lost wallets to employees at public institutions such as hotels and banks, and measured civil honesty based on the response rate to email announcements about the wallets being found. The paper found that China ranked lowest among 40 countries. Yang Qian, a professor at Zhejiang University’s School of Public Health, said the conclusions reached by Cohn’s study caused significant doubt within the academic community due to limited criteria and failure to consider cultural differences between countries. As the first and corresponding author of the paper “Unlocking controversies over civil honesty measurement”, Yang added, “It is thought that Cohn did not conduct extensive pilot experiments. In Western thinking, email is considered the standard method of communication.” Another experiment conducted by group replication researchers found that although only 27. 4 percent of wallet owners were contacted by email, 77, 8 percent of the lost wallets were successfully returned. The important indicator of “wallet recovery rate” proved that Chinese citizens have a high level of integrity. The experiment found a significant negative relationship between the “email response rate” and the “national collectivism index”. 28. What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Approved of. B. Argued against. C. Accounted for. D. Answered for. 29. Why does the author mention the paper published in Science? A. To seek support. B. To raise a hot discussion. C. To clarify a phenomenon. D. To reveal false information. 30. What did Cohn’s study ignore? A. The limited participation in the experiment. B. The various personalities of Chinese citizens. C. The negative relationships between countries. D. The different cultural backgrounds between countries. 31. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. “Email response rate” shows the accurate level of integrity. B. “Wallet recovery rate” has a significant negative relationship between people. C. “Wallet recovery rate” indicates Chinese citizens ranking high in terms of honesty. D. “Email response rate” and “national collectivism index” are irrelevant to each other 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. D 31. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。一篇由中国14所大学的教授和学生发表的旨在恢复中国公民诚信声誉的论文在社交媒体平台上引发了热议。文章解释了这一举动背后的原因以及人们对论文的看法。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“A paper published by professors and students from 14 Chinese universities aimed at restoring Chinese citizens reputation for honesty has triggered hot discussion on social media platforms.(一篇由中国14所大学的教授和学生发表的旨在恢复中国公民诚信声誉的论文在社交媒体平台上引发了热议)”以及划线词后文“a paper published in the journal Science, which found that Chinese citizens ranked the lowest in terms of civil honesty(发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇论文，该论文发现，中国公民在公民诚信方面排名最低)”可知，论文主要是为了恢复中国公民诚信声誉，即反对“中国公民在公民诚信方面排名最低”的论文。故划线词意思是“反对”。故选B。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“More than 100 professors and students from the universities, along with a professor from Old Dominion University in the United States, conducted experiments at 500 different locations in China. Through data analysis, they invalided a paper published in the journal Science, which found that Chinese citizens ranked the lowest in terms of civil honesty.(来自这些大学的100多名教授和学生，以及美国老道明大学的一位教授，在中国500个不同的地点进行了实验。通过数据分析，他们推翻了发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇论文，该论文发现，中国公民在公民诚信方面排名最低)”以及倒数第三段“Yang Qian, a professor at Zhejiang University’s School of Public Health, said the conclusions reached by Cohn’s study caused significant doubt within the academic community due to limited criteria and failure to consider cultural differences between countries.(浙江大学公共卫生学院教授Yang Qian表示，科恩的研究得出的结论在学术界引起了很大的质疑，因为标准有限，而且没有考虑到国家之间的文化差异)”可知，作者提到发表在《科学》杂志上的论文是为了揭露虚假信息。故选D。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Yang Qian, a professor at Zhejiang University’s School of Public Health, said the conclusions reached by Cohn’s study caused significant doubt within the academic community due to limited criteria and failure to consider cultural differences between countries.(浙江大学公共卫生学院教授Yang Qian表示，科恩的研究得出的结论在学术界引起了很大的质疑，因为标准有限，而且没有考虑到国家之间的文化差异)”可知，科恩的研究忽略了国家之间不同的文化背景。故选D。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The important indicator of “wallet recovery rate” proved that Chinese citizens have a high level of integrity. The experiment found a significant negative relationship between the “email response rate” and the “national collectivism index”.(“钱包找回率”这一重要指标证明了中国公民的诚信水平很高。实验发现，“电子邮件回复率”与“国家集体主义指数”呈显著负相关)”可知，“钱包找回率”表明中国公民在诚实度方面排名较高。故选C。 D The ancient Romans are well-known for their engineering techniques, notably demonstrated through the construction of aqueducts (高架渠) and the use of pozzolanic concrete. The properties of this concrete have generally been credited to its ingredients: pozzolana (a mix of volcanic ash) and lime (石灰). When mixed with water, the two materials can react to produce strong concrete. In 2023, a research team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) uncovered new findings regarding the composition and mixing techniques of Roman concrete. Traditionally, the presence of small lime clasts (碎屑) in the concrete was due to poor mixing, but that did not make sense to Admir Masic, a scientist of MIT. “If the Romans put so much effort into making an outstanding construction material, following all of the detailed recipes that had been optimized over the course of many centuries, why would they put so little effort into ensuring the production of a well-mixed final product? There has to be more to this story.” To investigate further, Masic and the team analyzed ancient concrete samples from Privernum, Italy, using advanced imaging techniques. Their findings challenge the conventional belief that slaked lime (熟石灰) was the primary ingredient. Instead, it appears that the Romans may have used quicklime (生石灰) mixed directly with pozzolana and water at high temperatures, a process termed “hot mixing.” This method not only produced unique high-temperature compounds but also accelerated curing and setting time, facilitating quicker construction. A significant advantage of this hot mixing process is the self-healing characteristics given by the lime clasts. When cracks develop, water seeps in and interacts with the clasts, which are larger in surface area than surrounding particles. This reaction generates calcium-rich solutions that harden into calcium carbonate, effectively sealing the cracks, This phenomenon has been observed in other ancient Roman structures, reconfirming the durability of their concrete. The MIT team conducted experiments using both ancient and modern concrete recipes with quicklime, finding that the quicklime concrete completely healed within two weeks after cracking, while control samples without quicklime remained damaged. With these insights, researchers aim to develop more environmentally friendly and durable concrete options, potentially revolutionizing modern construction practices. 32. What misconception about Roman concrete did Masic challenge? A. Volcanic ash was the primary ingredient. B. Ancient Roman structures were not durable. C. Presence of lime clasts indicated inadequate mixing. D. Romans merely used volcanic ash and lime for their concrete. 33. What does “hot mixing” involve? A. Mixing materials at low temperatures. B. Using slaked lime only in the mixture. C. Adding water to quicklime at high temperatures. D. Combining quicklime, volcanic ash and water at high temperatures. 34. What does the research imply for modern construction practices? A. Lime should not be contained in modern concrete. B. Modern techniques for durability can be employed. C. Quicklime can be used to reduce construction time. D. Sustainable and durable concrete alternatives are needed. 35. Which is the best title of the passage? A. The Secrets of Roman Concrete B. The Role of Engineers in Ancient Rome C. The Importance of Aqueducts in Roman Architecture D. Modern Construction Techniques Inspired by Ancient Rome 【答案】32. C 33. D 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院（MIT）的一个研究团队对古罗马混凝土成分和混合技术的新发现。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Traditionally, the presence of small lime clasts (碎屑) in the concrete was due to poor mixing, but that did not make sense to Admir Masic, a scientist of MIT.(传统上，混凝土中存在小石灰碎屑是由于搅拌不充分，但这对麻省理工学院的科学家Admir Masic来说并不合逻辑)”可知，Masic挑战的是石灰碎屑的存在表明混合不充分。故选C。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead, it appears that the Romans may have used quicklime (生石灰) mixed directly with pozzolana and water at high temperatures, a process termed “hot mixing.”(相反，罗马人可能在高温下直接使用生石灰与火山灰和水混合，这一过程被称为“热混合”)”可知，“热混合”包括在高温下将生石灰、火山灰和水混合。故选D。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“With these insights, researchers aim to develop more environmentally friendly and durable concrete options, potentially revolutionizing modern construction practices.(有了这些见解，研究人员的目标是开发更环保和耐用的混凝土选择，有可能彻底改变现代建筑实践)”可推知，这项研究对现代建筑实践的启示是需要可持续和耐用的混凝土替代品。故选D。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“Their findings challenge the conventional belief that slaked lime (熟石灰) was the primary ingredient. Instead, it appears that the Romans may have used quicklime (生石灰) mixed directly with pozzolana and water at high temperatures, a process termed “hot mixing.” This method not only produced unique high-temperature compounds but also accelerated curing and setting time, facilitating quicker construction.(他们的发现挑战了石灰是主要成分的传统观念。相反，罗马人可能在高温下直接使用生石灰与火山灰和水混合，这一过程被称为“热混合”。这种方法不仅可以产生独特的高温化合物，而且可以加快固化和凝固时间，加快施工速度)”可知，本文主要讲的是麻省理工学院（MIT）的一个研究团队对古罗马混凝土成分和混合技术的新发现。由此可知，A选项“The Secrets of Roman Concrete(罗马混凝土的秘密)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 6. 24-25 江苏省四市十校联盟 高三上 12月阶段联测 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 C Home to reefs, sharks and various fish, the Coral Sea is a unique reserve of biodiversity off the northeastern coast of Australia. If a proposal by the Australian government goes ahead, the region will become the world’s largest marine protected area, with bans on fishing, mining and marine farming. The Coral Sea reserve will cover almost 990, 000 square kilometers and stretch as far as 1, 100 kilometers from the coast. Revealed by environment minister Tony Burke, the proposal will be the last in a series of proposed marine reserves around Australia’s coast. But the plan attracts criticism from scientısts and conservation groups claiming the government hasn’t done enough in protecting the Coral Sea. They even point out only half of the Coral Sea reserved is proposed as a “no take” area, in which all fishing would be banned. But the world’s largest existing marine reserve, established by the British government in the Indian Ocean, spans 554, 000 km2 and is a no-take zone throughout. Some people argue more of the Coral Sea should receive this level of protection. The Australian government didn’t respond to the criticism. But Robin Beaman, a marine geologist, says the reserve does “broadly protect the range of habitats” in the sea. “I can testify to the huge effort that government agencies and other organizations have made to understand the ecological values of this vast area.” he says. Reserves proposed earlier for Australia’s southwestern coastal regions have also been criticized for not giving habitats adequate protection. Some scientists pointed out the proposals for the southwestern region had not been based on the “core science principles” of reserves — the protected regions were not representative of all the habitats in the region, they said. Critics say the southwestern reserve offers the greatest protection to the offshore areas where commercial opportunities are fewest and where there is little threat to the environment, a controversy also leveled at the Coral Sea plan. 8. What do we learn from the passage about the Coral Sea? A. It remains largely undisturbed by humans. B. It is extremely rich in marine life. C. It is the biggest marine protected area. D. It is a unique reserve of endangered species. 9. What does the Australian government plan to do according to Tony Burke? A. Complete the series of marine reserves around its coast. B. Make a new proposal to protect the Coral Sea. C. Revise its conservation plan owing to criticisms. D. Upgrade the established reserves to protect marine life. 10. What does marine geologist Robin Beaman say about the Coral Sea plan? A. It can compare with the British government’s effort in the Indian Ocean. B. It will result in the establishment of the world’s largest marine reserve. C. It will ensure the sustainability of the fishing industry around the coast. D. It is an enormous joint effort to protect the range of marine habitats. 11. What do critics think of the Coral Sea plan? A. It will benefit Australia’s fishing industry. B. It will do more harm than good to the environment. C. It will offer the greatest protection that is very necessary. D. It will protect regions that actually require little protection. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是澳大利亚政府提出的将珊瑚海变成世界上最大的海洋保护区的提议，以及该提议所面临的批评和争议。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Home to reefs, sharks and various fish, the Coral Sea is a unique reserve of biodiversity off the northeastern coast of Australia.(珊瑚海是澳大利亚东北海岸外一个独特的生物多样性保护区，拥有珊瑚礁、鲨鱼和各种鱼类。)”可知，珊瑚海极其丰富于海洋生物。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Revealed by environment minister Tony Burke, the proposal will be the last in a series of proposed marine reserves around Australia’s coast.(环境部长托尼·伯克透露，该提议将是围绕澳大利亚海岸一系列提议的海洋保护区中的最后一个。)”可知，澳大利亚政府计划完成其沿海一系列海洋保护区的建设。故选A项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Robin Beaman, a marine geologist, says the reserve does ‘broadly protect the range of habitats’ in the sea.(海洋地质学家Robin Beaman表示，保护区广泛保护了海洋中的各种栖息地。)”可知，他认为该计划是保护海洋栖息地的共同努力。故选D项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Critics say the southwestern reserve offers the greatest protection to the offshore areas where commercial opportunities are fewest and where there is little threat to the environment, a controversy also leveled at the Coral Sea plan.(批评者表示，西南保护区为那些商业机会最少且对环境威胁最小的近海区域提供了最大程度的保护，这一争议也出现在珊瑚海计划中。)”可知，批评者认为珊瑚海计划将保护那些实际上需要较少保护的区域。故选D项。 D An artificial intelligence (AI) trained on personal data covering the entire population of Denmark can predict people’s chances of dying more accurately than any existing model, even those used in the insurance industry. The researchers behind the technology say it could also have a positive impact on early prediction of social and health problems. Sune Lehmann Jorgensen at the Technical University of Denmark and his colleagues used the data covering various aspects of 6 million people from 2008 to 2020 from Denmark. They changed the data into words that could be used to train a large language model, the same technology that powers other AI apps. These models work by looking at a series of words and determining which word is statistically most likely to come next, based on vast amounts of examples. In a similar way, the researchers’ Life2vec model can look at a series of life events that form a person’s history and determine what is most likely to happen next. In experiments, Life2vec was trained on all but the last four years of the data, which was held back for testing. The researchers took data on a group of people aged from 35 to 65, half of whom died between 2016 and 2020, and asked Life2vec to predict who lived and who died. It was 11 percent more accurate than any existing AI model used to price life insurance policies in the finance industry. Jorgensen believes that the model has consumed enough data that it is likely to be able to shed light on a wide range of health and social topics. This means it could be used to predict health issues and catch them early, or by governments to reduce inequality. But he stresses that it could also be used by companies in a harmful way. “Clearly, our model should not be used by an insurance company, because the whole idea of insurance is that, by sharing the lack of knowledge of somebody who is going to be the unlucky person struck by some incidents or deaths, we can kind of share this burden,” says Jorgensen. 12. What makes Life2vec more powerful in forecasting death risks? A. It is trained on vast amounts of data. B. It goes through a large number of tests. C. It uses the same technology as other AI apps do. D. It is intended for the government to make policies. 13. What does the underlined phrase “shed light on” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Revise. B. Recognize. C. Resolve. D. Reveal. 14. Why should Life2vec be kept out of the hands of businesses? A. To remove social inequality. B. To guard public interests. C. To keep its technology a secret. D. To maintain the government’s authority. 15. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Life2vec: Superior To Other AI Apps B. New AI Can Predict Risk Of Early Death C. Advanced Technology Addresses Social Problems D. Insurance Companies: Keep Away From Life2vec 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丹麦科学家所研发的一款新的人工智能模型Life2vec，该模型可以更准确地预测人死亡的风险。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“An artificial intelligence (AI) trained on personal data covering the entire population of Denmark can predict people’s chances of dying more accurately than any existing model, even those used in the insurance industry. (一种人工智能（AI）经过涵盖整个丹麦人口的个人数据的训练，可以比任何现有的模型，甚至是保险业使用的模型，更准确地预测人们的死亡几率。)”以及第二段中“Sune Lehmann Jorgensen at the Technical University of Denmark and his colleagues used the data covering various aspects of 6 million people from 2008 to 2020 from Denmark. They changed the data into words that could be used to train a large language model, the same technology that powers other AI apps. (丹麦技术大学的苏恩·莱曼·约根森和他的同事使用了2008年至2020年丹麦600万人的各个方面的数据。他们将数据转换成可用于训练大型语言模型的单词，这与其他人工智能应用程序使用的技术相同。)”可知，Life2vec是基于丹麦600万人口从2008年至2020年各个方面的个人数据来进行训练的，这使得它在预测人死亡风险方面的能力更加强大。故选A。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句子“Jorgensen believes that the model has consumed enough data that it is likely to be able to shed light on a wide range of health and social topics.(Jorgensen认为，该模型已经消耗了足够的数据，它很可能能够shed light on 广泛的健康和社会主题。)”中的“the model has consumed enough data that it is likely to be able to ”以及下文“This means it could be used to predict health issues and catch them early, or by governments to reduce inequality.(这意味着它可以用来预测健康问题并及早发现，或者被政府用来减少不平等。)”可知，这个模型使用了足够多的数据，能够帮助人们发现健康、社会等各方面存在的问题，划线短语shed light on在句中表达的意思为“揭露，使（问题）被发现”与reveal表达的意思一致。故选D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But he stresses that it could also be used by companies in a harmful way. “Clearly, our model should not be used by an insurance company, because the whole idea of insurance is that, by sharing the lack of knowledge of somebody who is going to be the unlucky person struck by some incidents or deaths, we can kind of share this burden,” says Jorgensen.(但他强调，它也可能被公司以有害的方式使用。Jorgensen说：“很明显，我们的模型不应该被保险公司使用，因为保险的整个理念是，通过共担缺乏对那些将成为某些事件或死亡的不幸者的了解，我们可以分担这种负担”)”可知，Jorgensen强调Life2vec也可能被公司以有害的方式使用，保险的本质在于分担风险，如果保险公司利用这个模型预测谁会遭遇不幸事件或死亡就违背了保险互助的理念；Jorgensen他以保险公司为例说明这些公司会为了自己的利益而牺牲公众的利益；由此可知，Life2vec不应该为商业所用是为了保护公众的利益。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“An artificial intelligence (AI) trained on personal data covering the entire population of Denmark can predict people’s chances of dying more accurately than any existing model, even those used in the insurance industry. The researchers behind the technology say it could also have a positive impact on early prediction of social and health problems.(一种人工智能(AI)经过涵盖整个丹麦人口的个人数据的训练，可以比任何现有的模型，甚至是保险业使用的模型，更准确地预测人们的死亡几率。这项技术的研究人员表示，它还可以对社会和健康问题的早期预测产生积极影响。)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了丹麦科学家所研发的一款新的人工智能模型Life2vec，它能够更准确地预测人的死亡风险，还可以对社会和健康问题的早期预测产生积极影响；B选项“New AI Can Predict Risk Of Early Death(新的人工智能可以预测过早死亡的风险)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选B。 7. 24-25 江苏省学科基地 高三上 12月第一次大联考 阅读下列短文，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Over the recent months, many news agencies have been reporting a trend involving Generation Alpha, aged 1 to 14. According to a report from NielsenIQ, a global marketing research firm, US households with 6-to 12-year-old children spent 27 percent more on skincare last year than they did the year before. What’s more, they’ve been buying beauty products specially developed for older customers. Some people believe such fascination among Gen Alpha is merely a passing trend. However, experts think it is physical appearance anxiety that may be driving Gen Alpha to invest so much time, money, and effort into looking good. Physical appearance anxiety is a form of worry about perceived physical imperfections. Factors such as low self-worth or fear of being rejected can make people more likely to experience appearance anxiety. Generation Alpha has a high risk of having physical appearance anxiety as they spend hours consuming content on apps like TikTok. Digital platforms like this can expose kids to influencers with “perfect” faces and bodies. This false version of reality leads them to have negative feelings about their own appearance. Appearance anxiety isn’t limited to one’s physical features. Gen Alpha kids may also feel anxious if they’re wearing the “wrong” clothes or carrying an unfashionable schoolbag. Feeling unable to fit in with the cool crowd can make kids more withdrawn (内向的). Appearance anxiety can make kids lose their self-confidence, so they tend to avoid people or even stop interacting with others altogether. Some parents think that taking their Gen Alpha children to buy the best clothes or make-up may help relieve their kids’ anxiety over their appearance. But keep in mind that the feeling of satisfaction that they’d get from this is short-term. Instead of emptying your wallet, help your child to develop a sense of self-compassion. Learning how to treat themselves with love, acceptance, and understanding can have a positive and lasting effect on mental health, which may help to reduce appearance anxiety. 8. What does the report from NielsenIQ say about Generation Alpha? A. They have great buying power. B. They reduce skincare spending. C. They use make-up to look mature. D. They care much about their looks. 9. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The popularity of apps like TikTok. B. The negative impacts of social media. C. The rise of digital content consumption. D. The possible causes of appearance anxiety. 10. What does Gen Alpha kids’ appearance anxiety result in? A. Poor academic performance. B. Worse physical appearance. C. Withdrawal from social life. D. Loss of many online friends. 11. What should children do to overcome appearance anxiety? A. Buy beauty products. B. Appreciate self-worth. C. Focus on their studies. D. Expand their social circle. 【答案】8. D 9. D 10. C 11. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，去年有6至12岁孩子的美国家庭在护肤品上的支出比前一年多27%，他们购买专门为年长客户开发的美容产品，以及产生这一现象的原因。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段中“According to a report from NielsenIQ, a global marketing research firm, US households with 6-to 12-year-old children spent 27 percent more on skincare last year than they did the year before. What’s more, they’ve been buying beauty products specially developed for older customers. (根据全球营销研究公司Nielsen IQ的一份报告，去年有6至12岁孩子的美国家庭在护肤品上的支出比前一年多27%。更重要的是，他们一直在购买专门为老年客户开发的美容产品)”可知，尼尔森IQ的报告指出Generation Alpha对外表非常关注，从而导致他们在相关产品上的消费增加。故选D项。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。由第三段“Physical appearance anxiety is a form of worry about perceived physical imperfections. Factors such as low self-worth or fear of being rejected can make people more likely to experience appearance anxiety. Generation Alpha has a high risk of having physical appearance anxiety as they spend hours consuming content on apps like TikTok. Digital platforms like this can expose kids to influencers with “perfect” faces and bodies. This false version of reality leads them to have negative feelings about their own appearance. (外貌焦虑是一种对感知到的身体缺陷的担忧。自我价值感低或害怕被拒绝等因素会使人们更有可能经历外表焦虑。阿尔法一代在TikTok等应用上花费数小时消费内容时，有很高的身体外观焦虑风险。这样的数字平台可以让孩子们接触到拥有“完美”面孔和身体的网红。这种虚假的现实版本导致他们对自己的外表产生负面情绪)”可知，第三段主要描述了外貌焦虑可能产生的原因，包括低自我价值感、被拒绝的恐惧以及社交媒体影响中的“完美”形象。故选D项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段中“Gen Alpha kids may also feel anxious if they’re wearing the “wrong” clothes or carrying an unfashionable schoolbag. Feeling unable to fit in with the cool crowd can make kids more withdrawn (内向的). Appearance anxiety can make kids lose their self-confidence, so they tend to avoid people or even stop interacting with others altogether. (阿尔法一代的孩子如果穿着“错误”的衣服或携带过时的书包，也可能会感到焦虑。感觉无法融入酷的人群会让孩子们更加孤僻。外表焦虑会让孩子失去自信，所以他们倾向于避开别人，甚至完全停止与他人互动)”可知，外貌焦虑可能使孩子们更加内向或回避社交，导致与社会生活的疏远。故选C项。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。由最后一段中“Instead of emptying your wallet, help your child to develop a sense of self-compassion. Learning how to treat themselves with love, acceptance, and understanding can have a positive and lasting effect on mental health, which may help to reduce appearance anxiety. (与其清空你的钱包，不如帮助你的孩子培养一种自我同情感。学习如何用爱、接受和理解来对待自己，可以对心理健康产生积极而持久的影响，这可能有助于减少外表焦虑)”可知，为减轻外貌焦虑的影响，应该帮助孩子们培养自我同情心，从而提高他们的自我价值感和心理健康。故选B项。 D Imagine you are driving on a stormy night, and your car suddenly alerts you to the danger of an imminent flood or an approaching hurricane. This future, where cars predict weather disasters well in advance, is edging toward reality, says the International Drivers Association. By 2030, cars are expected to evolve into “smart machines” in which reliable, personal weather forecasting units are installed, with advanced sensor technology and machine learning algorithms (算术) delivering real-time, exact weather updates. “Bridging the gap between vehicular technology and meteorology holds massive potential in increasing road safety,” says Julianna Marshall, a travel expert from the International Drivers Association. “Imagine your car alerting you to trouble ahead and then directing you away from a road that’s about to be flooded or a bridge at risk of collapsing due to strong winds. That’s a revolution we’re keenly looking forward to.” Several key factors lay the foundations for these weather-predicting capabilities in cars by the year 2030. Modern cars have complex sensors that can measure atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind speed. These sensors can feed data into an onboard computer, providing crucial real-time weather information. Cutting-edge artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies can now analyse complex weather patterns and predict future outcomes. By integrating these technologies into automotive systems, your car’s computer can provide forecasts along your routes. The interconnectivity of devices, known as the Internet of Things, will play a key role. Cars could share and receive weather data from a vast network of the connected devices, improving accuracy of predictions. Such tech-integrated cars will make driving during severe conditions safer while enhancing the overall travel experience. “Weather prediction in cars can save hundreds of lives annually by minimizing the likelihood of weather-related accidents,” Marshall emphasizes. “Getting hands on a car built with weather prediction technology might be optional today but will become imperative by 2030.” Undeniably, 2030 promises the advent of a transformative era in automobile technology, a world where your car might just be your best weather forecaster. An era where “the future is now” is not just an exciting prospect — it’s the norm. 12. What can the future cars probably do? A. Stop extreme weather happening. B. Change the path of the hurricane. C. Teach drivers how to predict weather. D. Perceive terrible weather conditions. 13. What does paragraph 4 focus on? A. Operational principle of future cars. B. The concept of the Internet of Things. C. The functions of complex sensors. D. Increasing complexity of road safety. 14. What does the underlined word “imperative” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Reliable. B. Essential. C. Complex. D. Unrealistic. 15. What is the author’s intention in the last paragraph? A. To make predictions. B. To offer suggestions. C. To fulfill promises. D. To express regrets. 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了未来的汽车可以感知恶劣的天气状况，并解释了其中的原理。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Imagine you are driving on a stormy night, and your car suddenly alerts you to the danger of an imminent flood or an approaching hurricane. This future, where cars predict weather disasters well in advance, is edging toward reality, says the International Drivers Association.(想象一下，你在一个暴风雨的夜晚开车，你的车突然提醒你洪水即将来临或飓风即将来临的危险。国际司机协会表示，汽车可以提前很好地预测天气灾害，这种未来正逐渐成为现实)”可知，未来的汽车可以感知恶劣的天气状况。故选D。 【13题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Modern cars have complex sensors that can measure atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind speed. These sensors can feed data into an onboard computer, providing crucial real-time weather information. Cutting-edge artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies can now analyse complex weather patterns and predict future outcomes. By integrating these technologies into automotive systems, your car’s computer can provide forecasts along your routes.(现代汽车有复杂的传感器，可以测量大气压力、温度、湿度和风速。这些传感器可以将数据输入机载计算机，提供关键的实时天气信息。尖端的人工智能和机器学习技术现在可以分析复杂的天气模式并预测未来的结果。通过将这些技术集成到汽车系统中，你的汽车计算机可以提供沿途的预测)”可知，第4段的重点是未来汽车的工作原理。故选A。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Weather prediction in cars can save hundreds of lives annually by minimizing the likelihood of weather-related accidents(汽车天气预报可以将天气相关事故的可能性降到最低，每年可以挽救数百人的生命)”和下文“An era where “the future is now” is not just an exciting prospect — it’s the norm.(在一个“未来就是现在”的时代，这不仅是一个令人兴奋的前景，而且是一种常态)”以及“Getting hands on a car built with weather prediction technology might be optional today but will become(今天，拥有一辆搭载天气预报技术的汽车可能是可选的，但到2030年)”可知，汽车天气预报每年可以挽救数百人的生命，结合but表示转折，如今是可选的，但推测到了2030年将是必不可少的。故划线词意思是“必不可少的”。故选B。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Undeniably, 2030 promises the advent of a transformative era in automobile technology, a world where your car might just be your best weather forecaster. An era where “the future is now” is not just an exciting prospect — it’s the norm.(不可否认，2030年预示着汽车技术变革时代的到来，在这个世界里，你的汽车可能就是你最好的天气预报员。在一个“未来就是现在”的时代，这不仅是一个令人兴奋的前景，而且是一种常态)”可知，作者在最后一段的意图是做预测。故选A。 8. 24-25 靖江高级中学 高三上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 C Mount Everest, a product of a collision (碰撞) between Eurasia and the Indian subcontinent, the Earth’s tallest mountain standing 8.85 kilometers above sea level, is still growing, continuing on an upward movement that began at their birth around 50 million years ago. Scientists now think they know the reason why. Everest’s growth has to do with the major joining of two nearby river systems. The Kosi river joined with the Arun river around 89,000 years ago, researchers estimated. This change in the area’s river system has led to Everest gaining around 15-50 meters in height. That suggests an upward movement rate of about 0.2-0.5 millimeters per year. The geological process at work, researchers said, is called isostatic rebound. Isostatic rebound involves the rise of land masses on Earth’s crust when the weight of the surface declines. The crust, Earth’s outermost part, floats atop hot, semi-liquid rock. In this case, the joining of the rivers resulted in increased erosion which carried off large amounts of rock and soil. This reduced the weight of the area near Everest. “Isostatic rebound can be likened to a floating object adjusting its position when weight is removed,” said Jin-Gen Dai of China University of Geosciences in Beijing. Dai is one of the leaders of the study published recently in Nature Geoscience. “When a heavy load, such as ice or eroded rock, is removed from the Earth’s crust, the land beneath slowly rises in response, much like a boat rising in water when the goods in it is unloaded,” Dai added. The researchers, who used numerical models to study, estimated that isostatic rebound accounts for only 10 percent of Everest’s yearly upward movement, or uplift rate. Dai said that the research shows our planet’s changing nature. Even a seemingly unchanging element like Mount Everest is “subject to ongoing geological processes, reminding us that Earth is constantly changing, often in imperceptible ways in our daily lives.” This geological process is seen in other places around the world. “A classic example is in Scandinavia, where the land is still rising in response to the melting of thick ice sheets that covered the region during the last Ice Age.This process continues today.” Dai said. Study co-writer Adam Smith, a University College London doctoral student, said GPS measurements show the continued rising of Everest and the rest of the Himalayas. This uplift is faster than the continued surface erosion caused by wind, rain and river flow. As this erosion continues, Everest’s uplift rate from isostatic rebound may increase, Smith said. Neighboring mountains, including Lhotse, the world’s fourth highest, and Makalu, the fifth highest, also get a boost from the same process. Lhotse is experiencing an uplift rate similar to Everest. Makalu has a slightly higher uplift rate. 8. Which of the following probably results in “isostatic rebound”? A. The weight of an object’s surface increases. B. All the goods is suddenly unloaded from a boat. C. Heavy loads of rocks are removed from the surface. D. Rock and soil keep accumulating on the Earth’s crust. 9. What does the underlined word imperceptible mean in paragraph 4? A. Incredible. B. Unnoticeable. C. Impressive. D. Distinctive. 10. Which of the following does Dai agree with? A. Mount Everest’s uplift brings some eroded rocks. B. Mount Everest has been rising merely in recent years. C. Everest’s rising is the evidence of the changing nature of Earth. D. Isostatic rebound is the main factor in Everest’s upward movement. 11. What did Adam Smith intend to tell us? A. Everest’s uplift is not unique. B. GPS helps little in the research. C. Surface erosion will decrease Everest’s uplift. D. Makalu experiences a slower uplift than Everest. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的生长及其原因。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“IIsostatic rebound involves the rise of land masses on Earth’s crust when the weight of the surface declines. The crust, Earth’s outermost part, floats atop hot, semi-liquid rock. In this case, the joining of the rivers resulted in increased erosion which carried off large amounts of rock and soil. This reduced the weight of the area near Everest. (地壳均衡调整是指当地表重量减轻时，地球地壳上的陆地质量会上升。地壳是地球的最外层，漂浮在炽热、半液态的岩石之上。在这种情况下，河流的汇聚加剧了侵蚀作用，冲走了大量的岩石和土壤。这减轻了珠穆朗玛峰附近地区的重量)”可知，当地表的重量减少时，地壳上的陆地质量会上升，这就是地壳均衡调整。在这个例子中，河流的汇合导致侵蚀增加，带走了大量的岩石和土壤，从而减少了珠穆朗玛峰附近地区的重量。因此，地表上大量的岩石被移走可能导致地壳均衡调整。故选C。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Even a seemingly unchanging element like Mount Everest is “subject to ongoing geological processes, reminding us that Earth is constantly changing, often in imperceptible ways in our daily lives.” (即使是像珠穆朗玛峰这样看似不变的元素，也“处于持续的地质活动之中，这提醒我们，地球在不断变化，尽管这种变化在我们日常生活中往往imperceptible.”)”可知，这句话提醒我们地球在不断变化，通常在我们日常生活的难以察觉的方式中。所以imperceptible意思是“难以察觉的”。故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Dai said that the research shows our planet’s changing nature. Even a seemingly unchanging element like Mount Everest is “subject to ongoing geological processes, reminding us that Earth is constantly changing, often in imperceptible ways in our daily lives.” (Dai说这项研究表明了我们这个星球不断变化的本性。即使是像珠穆朗玛峰这样看似不变的元素，也“处于持续的地质活动之中，这提醒我们，地球在不断变化，尽管这种变化在我们日常生活中往往难以察觉”)”可知，这项研究表明了我们星球不断变化的性质。即使是像珠穆朗玛峰这样看似不变的元素也受到持续的地质过程的影响，提醒我们地球在不断变化。因此珠穆朗玛峰的上升是地球不断变化的性质的证据。故选C。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Study co-writer Adam Smith, a University College London doctoral student, said GPS measurements show the continued rising of Everest and the rest of the Himalayas. (该研究的合著者、伦敦大学学院博士生Adam Smith说，全球定位系统的测量结果表明，珠穆朗玛峰和喜马拉雅山脉的其他地区仍在继续上升)”可知，珠穆朗玛峰和喜马拉雅山其余地区仍在继续上升。因此，珠穆朗玛峰的上升不是独一无二的。故选A。 D When science fiction and the science of time meet, they invite us into a deep exploration of the nature of time. Despite its presence everywhere in daily life, time remains a mystery, with no definitive definition. Our concept of time may be a mental shortcut, a tool for our limited brains to comprehend change. The English language frequently employs the noun“time,” yet we lack a satisfactory explanation for it. Concerning time, quantum (量子) mechanics and daily experiences often contradict each other, suggesting time’s complexity and ambiguous nature. Our mental conception of time may never correspond with its reality in the universe, but this shouldn’t stop us from exploring it. Many science fiction quotes touch on time. Ray Cummings’ 1919 novel, The Girl in the Golden Atom, offers a memorable quote: “Time is what keeps everything from happening at once,” implying time’s structural role in the universe. Blake Crouch’s Recursion presents a contrasting view: “Time is a false image, a concept made out of human memory.” Robert Charles Wilson’s Spin explores various forms of time, from personal measurement to cosmic scales, emphasizing our challenging relationship with it. S. D. Unwin’s One Second Per Second suggests time as chaos within a cosmic plan, with people and civilizations as its playthings. Robert V. S. Redick’s Vanishing Point describes time as a trick due to our comprehension of time’s flow. Captain Jean-Luc Picard from Star Trek says, “Time is a companion who reminds us to cherish every moment,” emphasizing its value. David Brin’s Brightness Reef describes time as a cruel judge, punishing even the successful and brilliant. Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships catches time’s frightening nature, darkening human achievements in the vastness of time. Time travel, a major topic of science fiction, is often discussed. H. G. Wells’ 1895 novel The Time Machine poses the enduring question of whether moving backward and forward in time is possible. These quotes from science fiction highlight our troubled relationship with time and encourage us to think more deeply about its reality. 12. What is the overall tone of the text? A. Inquiring. B. Pessimistic. C. Persuasive. D. Definitive. 13. What can be learned about time from paragraph 2? A. Time is easy to understand but has a complex nature in science. B. Time is a common concept in daily life well corresponding with scientific reality. C. Daily experiences often go against scientific understandings of time. D. Quantum physics has no impact on our understanding of time. 14. What does Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships emphasize? A. Time as a companion who reminds us to cherish every moment. B. The insignificance of human successes in the long history of time. C. The possibility to move backward and forward in time at will. D. A false belief due to our comprehension of time’s flow. 15. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The history of time and famous quotes in science fiction. B. The definition of time in scientific terms and time travel. C. The relationship between time and daily life. D. The science of time and its exploration in science fiction. 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了一些科幻小说中对于时间的探究和作者对时间的看法。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“When science fiction and the science of time meet, they invite us into a deep exploration of the nature of time.(当科幻小说和时间科学相遇时，它们邀请我们深入探索时间的本质)” 暗示了文章是在进行一种探索或询问。接着，文章通过引用多个科幻作品中的观点，展示了人们对时间的不同理解和看法，进一步体现了这种探究的语气。可知，文章的整体语调是探究式的。故选A。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The English language frequently employs the noun “time,” yet we lack a satisfactory explanation for it. Concerning time, quantum (量子) mechanics and daily experiences often contradict each other, suggesting time’s complexity and ambiguous nature. Our mental conception of time may never correspond with its reality in the universe, but this shouldn’t stop us from exploring it.(英语中经常使用名词“时间”，但我们缺乏一个令人满意的解释。关于时间，量子力学和日常经验常常相互矛盾，表明时间的复杂性和模糊性。我们对时间的心理概念可能永远不会与宇宙中的现实相符，但这不应该阻止我们探索它)”可知，日常经验常常与科学对时间的理解相违背。故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships catches time’s frightening nature, darkening human achievements in the vastness of time.(史蒂芬·巴克斯特的《时间之船》抓住了时间令人恐惧的本质，在时间的浩瀚中遮蔽了人类的成就)”可知，史蒂芬·巴克斯特的《时间之船》强调在漫长的历史长河中，人类成功的微不足道。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“When science fiction and the science of time meet, they invite us into a deep exploration of the nature of time. Despite its presence everywhere in daily life, time remains a mystery, with no definitive definition. Our concept of time may be a mental shortcut, a tool for our limited brains to comprehend change.(当科幻小说和时间科学相遇时，它们邀请我们深入探索时间的本质。尽管时间在日常生活中无处不在，但它仍然是一个谜，没有明确的定义。我们的时间概念可能是一种思维捷径，是我们有限的大脑理解变化的工具)”以及文章主要列举了一些科幻小说中对于时间的探究和作者对时间的看法。可知，这篇文章主要讲了科幻小说中的时间科学及其探索。故选D。 9. 24-25 南京市江宁高级中学、镇江一中等 高三上 12月联考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C When we think about lives filled with meaning, we often focus on people whose grand contributions benefited humanity. Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela surely felt they had a worthwhile life. But how about us ordinary people, struggling in a typical existence? There is an important element to consider. Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or imagine the scenery at the top of a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. This element is defined as EA (experiential appreciation) by Joshua Hicks, a psychological professor at Texas A & M University. Recently, he and his research team set out to figure out whether EA was related to a person’s sense of meaning in a series of studies that involved more than 3,000 participants. At an initial test, researchers had participants rate their agreement of different coping strategies to relieve their stress. They found people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful. Researchers then conducted a series of experiments, in which they gave participants specific tasks and, once more, asked them to report how strongly they identified with statements linked to purpose, etc. In one case, participants who watched an awe-inspiring video reported having a greater sense of EA and meaning in life, compared with those watched more neutral videos. After reflecting on the results collected from the participants, researchers confirmed their original theory. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with targets and goals. We are on the go, and we attempt to maximize output both at work and at leisure. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday life. 28. Why are the butterfly and the scenery on a hill mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To deliver moments of beauty. B. To explain personal experiences. C. To present the concept of EA. D. To show the necessity of protecting nature. 29. How did the researchers conduct the study? A. By studying previous research data. B. By analyzing the response from the participants. C. By shooting videos starring the participants. D. By designing different strategies to reduce stress. 30. Who tends to find life more meaningful according to the text? A. A person who always gets her life well-organized. B. A person who leads a fast-paced life. C. A person who often hears motivating speeches. D. A person who always expects future results. 31. What life philosophy does the author show in the last paragraph? A. No pains, no gains. B. Live your life one day at a time. C. Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle. D. Those who believe in their ability can do anything. 【答案】28. C 29. B 30. C 31. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是日常生活中细微之美对人们生活意义感的影响，探讨如何通过体验欣赏（EA）增强生活的充实感。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or imagine the scenery at the top of a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. This element is defined as EA (experiential appreciation) by Joshua Hicks, a psychological professor at Texas A&M University.”“Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or imagine the scenery at the top of a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. This element is defined as EA(experiential appreciation)by Joshua Hicks, a psychological professor at Texas A & M University. (想想你在漫长的冬天后停下来欣赏的第一只蝴蝶，或者想象一下新徒步旅行后山顶的风景。有时，存在会给我们带来美丽的瞬间。当人们乐于欣赏这些经历时，这些时刻可能会增强他们对生活的看法。德克萨斯A&M大学心理学教授Joshua Hicks将这一元素定义为EA（体验欣赏）。)”可知，文章第二段提到蝴蝶和山上风景的例子是为了引入一个概念——体验性欣赏。故选C项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“At an initial test, researchers had participants rate their agreement of different coping strategies to relieve their stress. (在最初的测试中，研究人员让参与者对缓解压力的不同应对策略的一致性进行评分。)”和第四段中“Researchers then conducted a series of experiments, in which they gave participants specific tasks and, once more, asked them to report how strongly they identified with statements linked to purpose, etc. (研究人员随后进行了一系列实验，在这些实验中，他们给参与者分配了具体的任务，并再次要求他们报告他们对与目的相关的陈述的认同程度等。)”以及第四段中“After reflecting on the results collected from the participants, researchers confirmed their original theory. (研究人员随后进行了一系列实验，在这些实验中，他们给参与者分配了具体的任务，并再次要求他们报告他们对与目的相关的陈述的认同程度等。)”可知，研究者通过分析参与者的不同反应来进行研究。故选B项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In one case, participants who watched an awe-inspiring video reported having a greater sense of EA and meaning in life, compared with those watched more neutral videos. (在一个案例中，与观看更中性视频的参与者相比，观看令人敬畏的视频的参与者报告说，他们对EA和生活意义有更大的感觉。)”可知，经常听鼓舞人心的演讲的人更能找到生活的意义。故选C项。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday life. (这种对未来结果的关注很容易让人错过现在正在发生的事情。然而，生活发生在当下。我们应该放慢脚步，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱日常生活中的意义。)”可知，作者在最后一段告诉我们，应该生活在当下。故选B项。 D Have you ever found yourself having intrusive (侵扰的) thoughts about something you haven’t finished? Maybe a half-done work project is keeping you up at night or the suspenseful plot of a novel you’re reading keeps circling your thoughts. There is a reason why it’s so hard to stop thinking about uncompleted and interrupted tasks, and psychologists called it the Zeigarnik effect (Z-effect). The Ziegarnik effect was first observed by a Russian psychologist named Bluma Zeigarnik. While sitting in a busy restaurant in Vienna, Ziegarnik noted that the waiters had better memories of unpaid orders. Once the bill was paid, however, the waiters had trouble remembering the exact details of the orders. Zeigarnik did a series of experiments, in which participants were asked to complete simple tasks such as putting together puzzles, or solving math problems. Half of the participants were interrupted partway through doing these tasks. After an hour-long wait, Zeigarnik asked the participants to describe what they had been working on. She discovered that the people who had been interrupted in their work were twice as likely to remember what they had been doing as the people who had been able to complete the tasks. We are living in an information explosion era, and we need mental tricks to help us remember a great deal of information. The Zeigarnik effect serves as a prime example. We hold on to information in the short term by constantly pulling it back into our awareness. By thinking of uncompleted tasks often, we’re more likely to keep remembering them until they get done. The Zeigarnik effect tells us a lot about how memory works and you can use the Zeigarnik effect to your advantage. If you are struggling to memorize something important, momentary interruptions might work to your advantage. Rather than simply repeating the information, review it a few times, and then take a break. Nevertheless, leaving too many tasks unfinished can lead to feelings of overwhelm and anxiety. Therefore, it’s crucial to use this effect wisely in practical applications. 32. What is the typical characteristic of the Z-effect? A. Tending to memorize unfinished tasks. B. Trying to finish various tasks at a time. C. Performing terribly during a task. D. Suspending an uncompleted task. 33. What is the purpose of paragraph 3? A. To clarify a concept. B. To test an assumption. C. To explain the process of the experiments. D. To add background information. 34. Which is a practical application of the Z-effect? A. Reading a whole story in one breath. B. Producing a drama with unexpected endings. C. Keeping many windows open on your computer. D. Airing ads during the suspenseful moments in a TV series. 35. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Z-Effect: How Interruptions Enhance Memory. B. The Z-Effect: How to Boost Recall of Finished Tasks. C. The Power of Completing Tasks Ahead of Schedule. D. The Tricks of Developing Long-term Memory. 【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蔡格尼克（Ziegarnik）效应，包括其发现过程、实验验证、作用以及在实际中的应用和注意事项。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“There is a reason why it’s so hard to stop thinking about uncompleted and interrupted tasks, and psychologists called it the Zeigarnik effect (Z-effect).(很难停止思考未完成和被打断的任务是有原因的，心理学家称之为蔡格尼克效应。)”和第三段“She discovered that the people who had been interrupted in their work were twice as likely to remember what they had been doing as the people who had been able to complete the tasks.(她发现，那些在工作中被打断的人记住自己正在做的事情的可能性是那些能够完成任务的人的两倍。)”可知，蔡格尼克效应的典型特征是倾向于记住未完成的任务。故选A。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Zeigarnik did a series of experiments, in which participants were asked to complete simple tasks such as putting together puzzles, or solving math problems. Half of the participants were interrupted partway through doing these tasks.(蔡格尼克做了一系列实验，要求参与者完成一些简单的任务，比如拼图或解数学题。一半的参与者在完成这些任务的过程中被打断。)”和“She discovered that the people who had been interrupted in their work were twice as likely to remember what they had been doing as the people who had been able to complete the tasks.(她发现，那些在工作中被打断的人记住自己正在做的事情的可能性是那些能够完成任务的人的两倍。)”可知，第三段主要是通过实验来验证蔡格尼克之前的假设，即未完成的任务会比已完成的任务更容易被记住。故选B。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Zeigarnik effect tells us a lot about how memory works and you can use the Zeigarnik effect to your advantage. If you are struggling to memorize something important, momentary interruptions might work to your advantage.(蔡格尼克效应告诉我们很多关于记忆如何运作的信息，你可以利用蔡格尼克效应为你所用。如果你正在努力记忆一些重要的东西，短暂的打断可能会对你有利。)”可知，蔡格尼克效应的一个实际应用是在电视剧的悬疑时刻插播广告，这样观众会因为未完成的故事情节而更容易记住广告内容，提高广告效果。故选D。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“There is a reason why it’s so hard to stop thinking about uncompleted and interrupted tasks, and psychologists called it the Zeigarnik effect (Z-effect).(很难停止思考未完成和被打断的任务是有原因的，心理学家称之为蔡格尼克效应。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了蔡格尼克效应，即人们倾向于记住未完成的任务，并通过实验验证了这一效应。文章还探讨了蔡格尼克效应在实际中的应用以及如何利用它来提高记忆力。由此可知，选项A“蔡格尼克效应：中断如何增强记忆”最能概括文章的主旨。故选A。 10. 24-25 南通海安高级中学 高三上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 C Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to relatives and neighbors, and substituted in their place loose relationships with passing acquaintances (相识之人). However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with relatives than big-city residents are. Yet city residents make up for it by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities more likely to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than residents of smaller communities are. However, city residents do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity (多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city residents are also more likely than small-town residents to have a cosmopolitan (见识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional family roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be willing to accept nontraditional religious groups and unpopular political groups. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behaviour seem to be outcomes of large population size. 8. According to paragraph 1, it was once a common belief that people in modern society ________. A. tended to acquaint themselves with people passing by B. couldn’t develop very close relationships with others C. bore great responsibilities to neighbors and relatives D. usually had more friends than small-town residents 9. One of the consequences of urbanism is that the city residents ________. A. suffer from the lack of friendship B. lower the quality of relationships C. show little concern for other people D. become suspicious of each other 10. We can learn from the passage that the bigger a community is, ________. A. the more tolerant and open-minded it is B. the more similar its interests is C. the more likely it is to display stress D. the better the quality of life is 11. What is the passage mainly about? A. Advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities or small towns. B. Minor differences in interpersonal rela-tionships between cities and towns. C. The positive role that urbanism has been playing in our modern society. D. The strong feeling of alienation that city residents are suffering. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了城镇之间人际关系的微小差异。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to relatives and neighbors, and substituted in their place loose relationships with passing acquaintances.（就在几十年前，无论是对公众还是对社会学家来说，现代社会已经改变了人们的自然关系，放松了他们对亲戚和邻居的责任，取而代之的是与过往熟人的松散关系，这一点似乎是“显而易见的”）”可知，根据第一段，人们曾经普遍认为，现代社会的人不可能与他人发展非常亲密的关系。故选B。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Small-town residents are more involved with relatives than big-city residents are.（小城镇居民比大城市居民与亲属的关系更密切）”和“However, city residents do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.（然而，城市居民确实更担心犯罪，这导致他们不信任陌生人）”可知，城市化的后果之一是城市居民很少关心他人。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Large-city residents are also more likely than small-town residents to have a cosmopolitan (见识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional family roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be willing to accept nontraditional religious groups and unpopular political groups.（与小城镇居民相比，大城市居民也更有可能拥有国际化的视野，对传统家庭角色的责任感更少，更愿意投票给左翼政治候选人，更愿意接受非传统宗教团体和不受欢迎的政治团体）”可推知，我们可以从这篇文章中了解到，一个社区越大，它就越宽容、越开放。故选A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true…. that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.（然而，近年来，越来越多的研究表明，“显而易见”的事实并非如此。似乎如果你是一个城市居民，你认识的邻居的比例通常比你是一个小社区的居民的比例要小。但在大多数情况下，这一事实几乎没有什么重大影响。这并不一定意味着，如果你认识的邻居很少，你就不会认识其他任何人）”结合下文对城镇人际关系的介绍可知，文章主要讲述了城镇之间人际关系的微小差异。故选B。 D Franz Katka (卡夫卡) died 100 years ago with his literary works unnoticed. He had instructed his friend Max Brod to burn his unpublished works. Brod did not: he believed Kafka to be a literary genius and published his late friend’s writing. In other words, Brod decided that Kafka’s stories belonged not to the late author, but to the public. Brod’s dilemma echoes today. People generate more data than ever, which, unlike physical bodies, does not disappear. According to Carl Ohman, a Swedish political scientist, this condition makes the modern world “post-mortal” (死后) . “Living in the post-mortal condition is to constantly find oneself in the shoes of Max Brod”, he observes. The digital era has reshaped humans’ relationship with the dead—as seen in social media reminders for birthdays of dead individuals. Such reminders are to grow more common: Mr. Ohman’s research has found that on Facebook the dead may well outnumber the living within 40 years. Advanced technology enables a continued relationship with the dead, such as Amazon’s development of a feature for Alexa, virtual assistant, to speak in the voice of a lost relative. Startups have used data to make chatbots of the dead - to strengthen users’ commercial relationship, Mr. Ohman points out At the root of Ohman’s book The Afterlife of Data is various complex philosophical questions. To whom do the dead’s data belong? Are data something people create, or a digital analogue (类比) to a physical body? If data are a digital form of the body, what responsibilities does the living have? These are not merely questions for indi$