2025-2026学年 高二英语上学期 第二次月考复习 - 阅读理解CD（江苏专用）

25-26 高二上 第二次月考复习 --- 阅读理解CD 目录 1. 24-25 苏州 星海实验中学 高二上 12月月考 2. 24-25 苏州 工业园区西安交通大学苏州附属中学 高二上 12月月考 3. 24-25 苏州 高新区苏州实验中学 高二上 12月月考 4. 24-25 苏州 姑苏区苏州大学附属中学 高二上 12月月考 5. 24-25 苏州 姑苏区苏州中学 高二上 12月月考 6. 24-25 南通 海安高级中学 高二上 12月月考 7. 24-25 南通 海安市实验中学 高二上 12月月考 8. 24-25 启东中学 高二上 12月月考 9. 24-25 通州高级中学 高二上 第二次阶段性检测 10. 24-25南京、镇江、徐州等十校联盟 高二上 12月月考 11. 24-25 扬州中学 高二上 第二次月考 12. 24-25 苏州市吴江区震泽中学 高二上 12月月考 1. 24-25 苏州 星海实验中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C When you see someone take that first sip of freshly made milk tea, their faces look like pure joy. Across the world, customers flock to their favorite spots to meet with friends and savor sips of these tasty drinks. In the early 2000s, though, milk tea was just coming on the scene. The few brands that earned a foothold in the industry were concerned: Would milk tea just be another fad (一时风尚) food? And with so much new excitement for this product, would people be able to distinguish milk tea companies? These were the questions that Serenitea, a Manila- based milk-tea company, faced in2014. While successfully opening 60 stores, they found themselves in a strategic fog. Unsure of what consumers truly felt towards the drink, they offered as many flavors as possible. They also had no clear definition of how they were distinct — their brand promise, product line, and product packaging all seemed nearly identical to their competitors. How could they define themselves, in a way that would deeply resonate? Like Airbnb, Serenitea partnered with an agency, CIA Bootleg Manila, which specializes in drilling down to the deep consumer “why”. The agency conducted a series of psychological-based market research. Specifically, they probed the consumer’s deeper, emotional connections to milk tea, including their earliest childhood memories of milk and tea. Their research revealed that milk tea triggered three consistent psychological responses. People connected to milk through the concept of nurturing; they fondly remembered their childhood and being cared for by their mothers. Next, consumers connected tea to its healing properties; respondents would recall receiving tea when they had indigestion problems or seeing their parents drinking herbal tea for health reasons. Lastly, they associated milk tea itself with teenage fun: a guilty pleasure of their youth. They had uncovered the three psychological cornerstones of the milk tea experience: nurturing, healing, and teenage fun. This set of insights was crucial. By including them into the core of their brand strategy, they charted an entirely new path. 8. What do the underlined words “earned a foothold” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Made an adjustment. B. Won a position. C. Lost the initiative. D. Achieved a breakthrough. 9. What was Serenitea’s main concern in 2014? A. Being confused with other brands. B. The rapid growth of milk tea brands. C. The possibility of milk tea catching on. D. Falling behind the changing consumer tastes. 10. What did CIA Bootleg Manila specialize in? A. Product packaging design. B. Market expansion strategies. C. Analysis of customer psychology. D. Flavor innovation and development. 11. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. A New Path to Business Success B. Three Cornerstones of Milk Tea C. Sharing the Pure Joy of Milk Tea D. Revealing Milk Tea Psychology 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了Serenitea这个奶茶品牌在发展过程中遇到的挑战，以及他们如何通过深入研究消费者心理，找到了品牌的独特定位，从而开辟了一条全新的发展道路。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据下文“These were the questions that Serenitea, a Manila- based milk-tea company, faced in 2014. While successfully opening 60 stores, they found themselves in a strategic fog.(这些都是马尼拉奶茶公司Serenitea在2014年面临的问题。虽然成功地开了60家店，但他们发现自己陷入了战略迷雾)”可知，马尼拉奶茶公司Serenitea虽然已经开了60家店，在奶茶行业成功立足，但它仍然充满担忧。由此推知，“马尼拉奶茶公司Serenitea”是对划线词所在句中“The few brands that earned a foothold in the industry”的举例说明，其意为“为数不多的在这个行业站稳脚跟的品牌”，后置定语从句“that earned a foothold in the industry”中“earned a foothold”的意思是“赢得了一席之地；站稳脚跟”，即“Won a position”。故选B。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“And with so much new excitement for this product, would people be able to distinguish milk tea companies? These were the questions that Serenitea, a Manila- based milk-tea company, faced in2014.(伴随着这款产品带来的如此多的新兴奋点，人们能否区分开奶茶公司呢？这些是马尼拉一家奶茶公司Serenitea在2014年所面临的问题)”和第三段中“They also had no clear definition of how they were distinct — their brand promise, product line, and product packaging all seemed nearly identical to their competitors. How could they define themselves, in a way that would deeply resonate?(他们也不清楚自己究竟有何独特之处——他们的品牌承诺、产品线和产品包装似乎都与竞争对手几乎一模一样。他们究竟该如何界定自身，才能引起消费者的强烈共鸣呢？)”可推知，Serenitea在2014年的主要担忧是自身品牌与其他奶茶品牌没有区分度，容易混淆。故选A。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Like Airbnb, Serenitea partnered with an agency, CIA Bootleg Manila, which specializes in drilling down to the deep consumer ‘why’. The agency conducted a series of psychological-based market research. Specifically, they probed the consumer’s deeper, emotional connections to milk tea, including their earliest childhood memories of milk and tea.(像Airbnb一样，Serenitea与一家名为CIA Bootleg Manila的机构合作，该机构专门研究深入探究消费者的‘为什么’。该机构进行了一系列以心理为基础的市场调查。具体来说，他们探究了消费者与奶茶更深层次的情感联系，包括他们童年对牛奶和茶的最早记忆)”可知，CIA Bootleg Manila进行了一系列以心理为基础的市场调查，专门深入探究消费者的心理。故选C。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第四段中“The agency conducted a series of psychological-based market research. Specifically, they probed the consumer’s deeper, emotional connections to milk tea, including their earliest childhood memories of milk and tea. Their research revealed that milk tea triggered three consistent psychological responses.(该机构进行了一系列以心理为基础的市场调查。具体来说，他们探究了消费者与奶茶更深层次的情感联系，包括他们童年对牛奶和茶的最早记忆。他们的研究表明，奶茶会引发三种一致的心理反应)”可知，文章主要说明了奶茶背后心理学原理的发现和揭示过程，按照时间顺序展开，从出现问题到寻求解决，最终找到答案。故D项“揭示奶茶心理”最符合文章标题。故选D。 D When drones (无人机)first became widely available around 15 years ago, it wasn’t uncommon to find tech people painting dramatic pictures of how they were soon going to change the world. However, if you look up into the largely empty sky, you can see that hasn’t happened yet. Sure, drones are useful for taking aerial (空中的) photos, but we’re a long way away from aerial superhighways, packed with autonomous drones carrying parcels at speeds that are near-impossible on the ground. In 2016, Amazon announced it had completed its first ever aerial delivery. In a video, we saw an Amazon “Prime Air” drone pick up a parcel and fly it across the countryside landing in the buyer’s garden, dropping the parcel, and then returning to its home base. But Amazon still hasn’t completed its second drone delivery. In fact, it has reportedly downsized the drone program. So, will drone delivery ever be a thing? There are some indications of a possible drone delivery future not in Britain, but in Africa, Because also since 2016, rural hospitals in Rwanda have been receiving regular shipments of medical supplies by drone thanks to a company called Zipline. It surely has saved lives, thanks to the speed at which blood can be delivered in a country with a poorly developed road network. So could we ever expect such a system here? Unfortunately, there’s a big difference between rural Africa and thickly populated Britain. British homes don’t have large gardens where to land and nobody wants loud large drones constantly landing around the neighborhood. Another reality is that British cities may still have security and safety concerns about routinely having drones carrying stuff over our heads. That’s why I wonder if the real drone future could be crawling (爬) along the ground. For a few years, “autonomous delivery robots” with wheels have been walking on the pavements. So perhaps we’re not so far away from a drone delivery future, but the reality might be a little bit more down to earth. 12. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A. Drones are widely used in daily life. B. Drones have made delivery efficient. C. Drones are designed to take aerial photos. D. Drones haven’t changed the world as expected. 13. Why does the author mention Zipline’s drone delivery? A. To explain the process of drone delivery. B. To stress the benefits brought by drone delivery. C. To discuss the possibility of a drone delivery future. D. To show its advantages over Amazon’s drone delivery. 14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. The security and safety concerns about drones. B. The ways that British people react to drone delivery. C. The differences between African countries and Britain. D. The reasons why drone delivery isn’t suitable for Britain. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. Pie in the Sky B. Drone Application at Risk C. Robots on the Road D. Aerial Delivery in Progress 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章要探讨了无人机送货的可行性及其在不同地区的实际应用情况，并提出了对无人机送货未来发展的看法。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“However, if you look up into the largely empty sky, you can see that hasn’t happened yet.(然而，如果你抬头望向那片大多空旷的天空，你会发现这一切尚未发生。)”以及第二段“Sure, drones are useful for taking aerial (空中的) photos, but we’re a long way away from aerial superhighways, packed with autonomous drones carrying parcels at speeds that are near-impossible on the ground.(诚然，无人机在拍摄空中照片方面确实很有用，但我们距离空中高速公路还遥不可及，那些满载包裹、以地面几乎无法达到的速度飞行的无人驾驶无人机更是遥不可及。)”可知，无人机并没有像预期的那样改变世界。故选D。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“So, will drone delivery ever be a thing? There are some indications of a possible drone delivery future not in Britain, but in Africa, Because also since 2016, rural hospitals in Rwanda have been receiving regular shipments of medical supplies by drone thanks to a company called Zipline.(那么，无人机送货会成为现实吗？有一些迹象表明，无人机送货的未来可能不在英国，而在非洲。因为自2016年以来，得益于一家名为Zipline的公司，卢旺达的农村医院已经定期通过无人机接收医疗用品。)”可知，作者提到Zipline的无人机送货是为了讨论无人机送货的未来可能性。故选C。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“Unfortunately, there’s a big difference between rural Africa and thickly populated Britain. British homes don’t have large gardens where to land and nobody wants loud large drones constantly landing around the neighborhood. Another reality is that British cities may still have security and safety concerns about routinely having drones carrying stuff over our heads.(遗憾的是，农村非洲与人口稠密的英国之间存在巨大差异。英国的房子没有宽敞的花园供无人机降落，而且也没有人希望大型、嘈杂的无人机不断在附近降落。另一个现实是，英国城市可能仍然对无人机经常在我们头顶携带物品存在安全和安保方面的担忧。)”可知，本段主要讲述了为什么无人机送货不适合英国。故选D。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Sure, drones are useful for taking aerial (空中的) photos, but we’re a long way away from aerial superhighways, packed with autonomous drones carrying parcels at speeds that are near-impossible on the ground. (确实，无人机对于拍摄空中照片很有用，但我们距离实现空中高速路还有很长的路要走——那些空中高速路上挤满了携带包裹的自主无人机，以地面几乎不可能达到的速度飞行。)”以及最后一段“So perhaps we’re not so far away from a drone delivery future, but the reality might be a little bit more down to earth.(因此，也许我们离无人机送货的未来并不遥远，但现实可能更加脚踏实地。)”及全文可知，文章主要讲述了无人机送货的可行性及其在不同地区的实际应用情况，暗示了无人机送货目前仍是一种不切实际的计划或空想。选项D“Aerial Delivery in Progress(正在进展中的空中送货)”概括了本文主要内容，同时也说明无人机送货还有很长一段路要走。故选D。 2. 24-25 苏州 工业园区西安交通大学苏州附属中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项. C Wake up energetically at 6 am, exercise for over an hour after freshening up, and study productively throughout the day. This daily routine is frequently featured in vlogs on social media with the theme of “self-discipline (自律)”. But when trying out such a schedule, many of us may feel exhausted. Is it just because we are lazy? Why do some people seem to have so much energy? Genetic differences, to start with, can significantly influence our energy levels. A tiny part in our DNA called SNPs can help to explain 8.4 percent of fatigue (疲劳) cases, according to a 2018 study. A study published in the journal Nature reported that, in general, genes affect tiredness by an amount ranging from 6 to 50 percent. Nevertheless, there’s a whole lot more you can explore about your energy levels. The food you eat gives you energy. However, there’s an often-ignored element-Vitamin D. A study published in 2019 in the journal Nutrients noted that older adults with reduced vitamin D levels experienced fatigue more than those with normal levels. You can get a sufficient amount of it by sunbathing or consuming enough Vitamin-D-rich foods, such as fish, eggs and milk. Another analysis published in Nutrients found that eating foods high in saturated fat (饱和脂肪) is linked to excessive daytime sleepiness. These foods probably include some of your favorites: butter, cheese, ice cream, and fried foods. Even if a workout leaves you sweaty and out of breath, exercise can actually increase your energy. “When you exercise, you release hormones like adrenaline (肾上腺素),” Sabrena Jo, an expert at the American Council on Exercise, told the Health website. “This hormone actually tells our bodies to ignore feelings of pain and fatigue while enhancing blood flow to large muscles.” This “excitement” in your body can last for several hours. Exercise helps, but only to a point. Those who exercise too frequently may experience negative impacts on their energy levels. It’s also important to note that low energy levels could be your body’s way of telling you that you have an underlying problem. Iron deficiency (缺铁) and anemia (贫血) are two examples of health conditions that can increase fatigue. 8. Why do some people seem to have more energy than others, according to the text? A. They are strict with themselves. B. They follow a disciplined routine. C. They are born naturally energetic. D. They have more SNPs to stay active. 9. What can we learn about Vitamin D? A. We can get it by bathing in the sun. B. Its levels are definitely lower in older adults. C. Its effect on our energy is universally recognized. D. The larger amount of it we get, the more energetic we will be. 10. What can be inferred about the effect of exercise on our energy levels? A. It reduces the body’s need for rest. B. It constantly boosts our energy levels. C. It can lead to tiredness if done too often. D. It slows down the release of adrenaline. 11. What might it indicate if you constantly feel low on energy? A. You are simply lazy and lack motivation. B. You may have some health issue that needs attention. C. You must adjust your diet and increase vitamin D intake. D. You should surely exercise more to boost your energy levels. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. C 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕人们能量水平的差异展开，先通过列举社交媒体上展示的自律日常引出人们对能量差异的疑问，分别从基因差异、饮食因素、运动影响以及潜在健康问题等方面说明了影响人们能量水平的多种因素。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Genetic differences, to start with, can significantly influence our energy levels. A tiny part in our DNA called SNPs can help to explain 8.4 percent of fatigue (疲劳) cases, according to a 2018 study. (首先，遗传差异会极大地影响我们的能量水平。根据2018年的一项研究，我们DNA中的一个小部分，即单核苷酸多态性（SNPs），可以解释8.4%的疲劳案例。)”可知，基因差异对能量水平有显著影响，所以有些人似乎比其他人更有精力是因为他们生来就精力充沛，故选C项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“You can get a sufficient amount of it by sunbathing or consuming enough Vitamin-D-rich foods, such as fish, eggs and milk. (晒太阳或食用足够的富含维生素D的食物，如鱼、鸡蛋和牛奶，来获得足够的维生素D。)”可知，我们可以通过晒太阳来获取维生素D，故选A项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Exercise helps, but only to a point. Those who exercise too frequently may experience negative impacts on their energy levels. (锻炼有帮助，但也有限度。那些锻炼过于频繁的人可能会在能量水平方面受到负面影响。)”可知，运动在一定程度上有帮助，但过于频繁地运动可能会对能量水平产生负面影响，也就是会导致疲劳，故选C项。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“It’s also important to note that low energy levels could be your body’s way of telling you that you have an underlying problem. (还需要注意的是，低能量水平可能是你的身体在告诉你，你有一个潜在的问题。)”可知，如果你一直感觉精力不足，这可能意味着你有潜在的健康问题需要注意，故选B项。 D Most people hate mosquitoes — but scientists are about to build a “mosquito factory” to release modified mosquitoes. The modified mosquitoes carry a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis (沃尔巴克氏菌), which can be naturally found in most insect species. However, it’s rarely discovered in mosquitoes. “We actually grow these mosquitoes that contain the bacterium,” Scott O’Neill, an Australian scientist who is involved in the project, told CBC News. When the modified mosquitoes are released, they slowly spread the bacterium to the population. Several studies have demonstrated the insects’ success. For example, a controlled experiment in Indonesia showed that the modified insect helped reduce the cases of the disease dengue (登革热) by 77 percent, according to a study paper published in 2021. The World Mosquito Program has announced that it will release modified mosquitoes in many of Brazil’s urban areas over the next 10 years. The aim is to protect up to 70 million people from diseases such as dengue, a disease mainly spread by mosquitoes. Dengue patients may have mild symptoms (症状) like fever, but severe cases can lead to death. Brazil has one of the highest rates of dengue infection in the world, according to the Nature website. “More than 1,000 people died of dengue in 2022 because of the spread of mosquitoes. It’s going everywhere,” Luciano Moreira, a scientist at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, told CBC News. Another way to prevent mosquitoes from spreading diseases is by producing genetically modified (GM，转基因的) mosquitoes. In 2022, the US Environmental Protection Agency cleared the release of 2.4 billion GM mosquitoes in California and Florida. According to the agency, GM mosquitoes carry two types of genes: a self-limiting gene that prevents female offspring (后代) from surviving to adulthood; and a marker gene that allows researchers to identify GM ones in the wild. After being released, GM mosquitoes lay eggs, so the genes are passed on to offspring. In this way, the number of female mosquitoes is reduced, therefore reducing the chance of spreading disease. 12. Why are the modified mosquitoes grown according to Scott O’Neill? A. To prevent mosquitoes from biting people. B. To make money for the scientists involved. C. To reduce the number of insects in the world. D. To spread a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis. 13. What can we learn about the release of modified mosquitoes in Brazil? A. The decision to do so is only based on scientific research. B. The program will immediately reduce dengue cases by 77%. C. The high infection rate of dengue in Brazil is a key factor to it. D. The program aims to remove dengue completely within the next decade. 14. What does the underlined word “cleared” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Permitted. B. Removed. C. Disturbed. D. Restricted. 15. What might be the best title for the text? A. The Benefits of Mosquitoes B. Modified Mosquitoes to Fight Diseases C. The World Mosquito Program’s Success D. Genetic Engineering in Medical Research 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一项关于通过改良蚊子基因来防止蚊子传播疾病的研究。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“However, it’s rarely discovered in mosquitoes. “We actually grow these mosquitoes that contain the bacterium,” Scott O’Neill, an Australian scientist who is involved in the project, told CBC News. When the modified mosquitoes are released, they slowly spread the bacterium to the population.(然而，很少在蚊子身上发现。参与该项目的澳大利亚科学家斯科特·奥尼尔告诉加拿大广播公司新闻：“我们实际上培育了这些含有细菌的蚊子。”当转基因蚊子被释放时，它们会慢慢地将细菌传播给人群)”可知，培育转基因蚊子是为了传播一种叫做沃尔巴克氏体的细菌。故选D。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The World Mosquito Program has announced that it will release modified mosquitoes in many of Brazil’s urban areas over the next 10 years. The aim is to protect up to 70 million people from diseases such as dengue, a disease mainly spread by mosquitoes. Dengue patients may have mild symptoms (症状) like fever, but severe cases can lead to death.(世界蚊子项目宣布，未来10年将在巴西许多城市地区释放转基因蚊子。其目的是保护多达7000万人免受登革热等疾病的侵害，登革热是一种主要由蚊子传播的疾病。登革热患者可能有轻微的症状，如发烧，但严重的病例可能导致死亡)”可知，登革热在巴西的高感染率是一个释放转基因蚊子的关键因素。故选C。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“the US Environmental Protection Agency(美国环境保护署)”以及后文“the release of 2.4 billion GM mosquitoes in California and Florida(在加州和佛罗里达州释放24亿只转基因蚊子)”可知，政府允许在加州和佛罗里达州释放24亿只转基因蚊子。故划线词意思是“允许”。故选A。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Several studies have demonstrated the insects’ success. For example, a controlled experiment in Indonesia showed that the modified insect helped reduce the cases of the disease dengue (登革热) by 77 percent, according to a study paper published in 2021.(几项研究已经证明了这种昆虫的成功。例如，根据2021年发表的一篇研究论文，印度尼西亚的一项对照实验表明，这种转基因昆虫有助于将登革热病例减少77%)”结合文章报道了一项关于通过改良蚊子基因来防止蚊子传播疾病的研究，所以“改良蚊子以对抗疾病”是文章最佳标题。故选B。 3. 24-25 苏州 高新区苏州实验中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C South Korea plans to build the world’s largest spokeless (无辐条的) Ferris wheel, offering impressive views of its capital by 2025. The Seoul Ring breaks away from traditional appearances of Ferris wheels thanks to innovative technology. Its development will take place at a former landfill site in Haneul Park-described as a “gateway to Seoul” by the Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG). In an announcement earlier this month, the government said, “Not only will the Seoul Ring serve as an entertainment facility, but it will also become a cultural complex that provides visitors with an opportunity to experience the historical meaning of Nanjido. In addition, it will provide a variety of festivals, cultural and tourism programs, and a place for communication.” Through the Seoul Ring, visitors will have the opportunity to have a look at the sights of the Han River, downtown Seoul, Namsan Mountain, and even Bukhan Mountain. The location was picked out from a number of alternative options including Nodeul Island, Yeouido Park, and Jamsil. But Haneul Park was eventually chosen for its “symbolism of inter-Korean harmony”. The wheel will reportedly host 36 carriages that can each be filled with 25 people. The SMG and international experts will ensure that the ring is safe and structurally sound. It will also incorporate (包含) green technologies which are in line with climate change. The proposal by UN Studio includes plans for a monorail connecting the subway station to the site, enhancing accessibility. The SMG said, “The Seoul Ring is expected to serve as the city’s new landmark that enhances its global position while also developing the local tourism. In addition, it is the best place to realize the city’s vision of finding harmony among citizens, the planet, the future, and the environment.” Ben van Berkel comments: “Located in the heart of the city, this spokeless design highlights Korea’s boundless ambition for innovation and spirit of progress, seamlessly blending cutting-edge technology with a timeless appreciation for stability and beauty.” 8. Which of the following can best describe the Seoul Ring? A. Entertaining and historic. B. Complex but accessible. C. Innovative and eco-friendly. D. Traditional but impressive. 9. Why was Haneul Park chosen as the location of the Seoul Ring? A. It has a stable source of tourists. B. It is a sign of unity and harmony. C. It is convenient for accessibility. D. It can use green technologies. 10. What is one of the reasons for South Korea’s building the Seoul Ring? A. To show its innovative technology. B. To raise Seoul’s international fame. C. To make Seoul the cultural center. D. To speed its economic development. 11. What is the best title of the text? A. Korea’s economic recovery plan B. The Seoul Ring’s design concept C. Korea’s ambition for wheel innovation D. The largest spokeless wheel to be built 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是韩国计划在2025年前在首尔的天际线上增添一个新的地标——世界上最大的无辐条摩天轮“Seoul Ring”。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The Seoul Ring breaks away from traditional appearances of Ferris wheels thanks to innovative technology.(Seoul Ring利用创新技术，打破了摩天轮的传统外观)”和倒数第三段“It will also incorporate (包含) green technologies which are in line with climate change.(它还将采用符合气候变化的环保技术)”可知，Seoul Ring是创新和环保的，可用innovative和eco-friendly来描述它。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“But Haneul Park was eventually chosen for its “symbolism of inter-Korean harmony”.(但Haneul Park最终因其“朝韩和谐的象征”而被选中)”可知，Seoul Ring的位置选在Haneul Park是因为它是团结与和谐的象征。故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The Seoul Ring is expected to serve as the city’s new landmark that enhances its global position while also developing the local tourism.(Seoul Ring将成为首尔的新地标，不仅能提高首尔的国际地位，还能促进当地旅游业的发展)”可知，韩国修建Seoul Ring的原因之一是提高首尔的国际知名度。故选B。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“South Korea plans to build the world’s largest spokeless (无辐条的) Ferris wheel, offering impressive views of its capital by 2025.(韩国计划在2025年之前建造世界上最大的无辐摩天轮，让人们可以欣赏到首都令人印象深刻的景色)”可知，本文主要讲的是韩国计划在2025年前在首尔的天际线上增添一个新的地标——世界上最大的无辐条摩天轮“Seoul Ring”，因此最好的标题是D选项“The largest spokeless wheel to be built(即将要建造的最大的无辐摩天轮)”。故选D。 D Deep in the Pacific Ocean, an underwater “superhighway” stretches roughly 700 kilometers between the marine reserves of Ecuador’s Galapagos Islands and Cocos Island, off the coast of Costa Rica. It’s important to the sea life that moves back and forth between the islands. But the route is in danger since it is also open to fishing boats. To protect marine life, MigraMar, an environmental group, is working to change the entire “superhighway” into a marine protected area, an area that will stretch 240,000 square kilometers, about the size of the UK. For more than ten years, scientists of MigraMar have been trying to prove the importance of the “superhighway” by documenting the species that use it. They have placed satellite and ultrasonic tags (超声波追踪器) on almost 400 marine organisms to track their migratory routes (迁徙路线). So far, they have successfully tracked the migration of whale sharks, hammerhead sharks, silky sharks, etc. between the two islands. MigraMar has produced a document stressing the need to protect the “superhighway”, calling for it to stop people from fishing there or allow only sustainable and seasonal fishing. The document has raised a storm of protest in the fishing industry in both countries. However, in the long term this protected “superhighway” will have a positive impact on fishing. Fish can grow and reproduce there, causing the overall amount to increase and more fish to become available outside the protected area. It could also have economic benefits in other industries. For example, preserving iconic sea life could protect tourism. Both Costa Rica and Ecuador are currently considering plans to protect the “superhighway”. They have mapped out a strategy to create and strengthen marine protected areas “We’re hopeful that action will be taken in the near future,” says Steiner, one of the founding members of MigraMar, but he also warns that some species are facing extinction. “We’ve taken baby steps,” he says, “but these species are in great danger.” 12. What do we know about the underwater “superhighway”? A. It belongs to Costa Rica. B. It is under threat from boats. C. It is a land wildlife reserve. D. It is about the size of the UK. 13. Why do scientists track the migratory routes of many marine organisms? A. To test the function of satellite and ultrasonic tags. B. To confirm the importance of the “superhighway”. C. To protect sharks migrating between the two islands. D. To stop people from fishing near the “superhighway” 14. What does paragraph 3 focus on? A. The benefits of protecting the “superhighway”. B. The strong protest from the fishing industry. C. The need of sustainable and seasonal fishing. D. The document of forbidding illegal fishing. 15. What can we infer from Steiner’s words? A. Marine reserves are created. B. The “superhighway” is safe. C. Many species have died out. D. Governments need to act fast. 【答案】12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是太平洋深处的一条重要水下“高速公路”正面临威胁，环保组织MigraMar正在努力将其转变为海洋保护区以保护海洋生物。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“But the route is in danger since it is also open to fishing boats.(但这条航线也对渔船开放，因此处于危险之中。)”可知，水下“高速公路”受到船只的威胁。故选B。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“For more than ten years, scientists of MigraMar have been trying to prove the importance of the “superhighway” by documenting the species that use it. They have placed satellite and ultrasonic tags (超声波追踪器) on almost 400 marine organisms to track their migratory routes (迁徙路线).(十多年来，MigraMar的科学家们一直试图通过记录使用这条“高速公路”的物种来证明这条“高速公路”的重要性。他们在近400种海洋生物身上放置了卫星和超声波标签，以追踪它们的迁徙路线。)”可知，科学家追踪许多海洋生物的迁徙路线是为了确认“高速公路”的重要性。故选B。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“However, in the long term this protected “superhighway” will have a positive impact on fishing. Fish can grow and reproduce there, causing the overall amount to increase and more fish to become available outside the protected area. It could also have economic benefits in other industries. For example, preserving iconic sea life could protect tourism.(然而，从长远来看，这条受保护的“高速公路”将对渔业产生积极影响。鱼类可以在那里生长和繁殖，导致总量增加，更多的鱼可以在保护区之外获得。它也可能对其他行业产生经济效益。例如，保护标志性的海洋生物可以保护旅游业。)”可知，第三段主要是关于保护“高速公路”的好处。故选A。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“We’re hopeful that action will be taken in the near future(我们希望在不久的将来采取行动)”和最后一段““We’ve taken baby steps,” he says, “but these species are in great danger.”(“我们已经迈出了一小步，”他说，“但这些物种正处于极大的危险之中。”)”可知，我们能从Steiner的话中推断出政府需要迅速采取行动。故选D。 4. 24-25 苏州 姑苏区苏州大学附属中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读理解 C The Malagasy baobab trees, a typical feature of Madagascar’s landscape, should have disappeared long ago due to the extinction of its former seed-distributing animals. However, it did not. Seheno Andriantsaralaza at the University of Antananarivo in Madagascar and Onja Razafindratsima at the University of California, Berkeley, now think they may know the reason why. Together with their colleagues, the scientists monitored 15 trees in a western region of Madagascar, to find new baobad seed-distributing animals in a western Madagascar region. The researchers also set up camera traps around seed-containing fruits lying on the ground, and searched any dung (粪便) that they encountered along the way for the presence of seeds. They report in the journal Biotropica that a native rat was caught on camera handling whole fruits on four occasions, but there was no record of the rat breaking the fruit open. The team also found 13 fruits that had been chewed into and had their seeds removed. Though the bite marks were not clear enough to identify a culprit (肇事者), this was clear evidence that a seed-distributing animal was out there. They then found convincing evidence: baobab seeds in seven different piles of bush-pig faces. The discovery is not without irony (讽刺). Scientists believe bush pigs were brought to Madagascar by humans sometime between 1, 000 and 5, 000 years ago, just as the former seed-distributing animals were going extinct. Their arrival was a lucky break for the baobabs, especially as scientists have determined a seed’s journey through the pig-like digestive system doesn’t reduce its ability to grow. While the finding is important in its own right, it also provides valuable evidence that introduced species may not be entirely harmful. Madagascar’s pigs, for example, though not native, have made themselves essential to the survival of truly native species. Similar relationships are suspected to hold in South America between rabbits native to Europe and plants with no seed distributors. For Dr. Andriantsaralaza, that suggests the full ecological role of introduced species should be considered before talk of extinction begins. 8. What is the study aimed at? A. Monitoring endangered baobab trees. B. Preserving the landscape of Madagascar. C. Investigating how animals distribute seeds. D. Discovering why baobab trees still exist. 9. What led the scientists to identify the real culprit? A. The clear bite marks on the fruits. B. The number of fruits broken open. C. Where the removed baobab seeds lay. D. How a native rat handled whole fruits. 10. What is the writer’s attitude towards introduced species? A. Dismissive. B. Indifferent. C. Doubtful D. Objective. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Baobabs, seed distributors. B. Fruit seeds, environmental protectors. C. Bush pigs, species savers. D. Introduced species, culprit of extinction. 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了马达加斯加的猴面包树本应因种子传播动物的灭绝而消失，但实际上并没有。科学家们通过研究，发现是马达加斯加野猪意外地帮助了猴面包树的生存。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The Malagasy baobab trees, a typical feature of Madagascar's landscape, should have disappeared long ago due to the extinction of its former seed-distributing animals. However, it did not. Seheno Andriantsaralaza at the University of Antananarivo in Madagascar and Onja Razafindratsima at the University of California, Berkeley, now think they may know the reason why. (马达加斯加猴面包树是马达加斯加的典型景观，由于以前传播种子的动物灭绝，它早就应该消失了。然而，事实并非如此。马达加斯加塔那那利佛大学的Seheno Andriantsaralaza和加州大学伯克利分校的Onja Razafindratsima现在认为他们可能知道其中的原因。)”以及下文的研究，可知这项研究的目的是发现猴面包树仍然存在的原因。故选D。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Though the bite marks were not clear enough to identify a culprit (肇事者), this was clear evidence that a seed-distributing animal was out there. They then found convincing evidence: baobab seeds in seven different piles of bush-pig faces. (虽然咬痕不够清晰，无法确定是谁干的，但这是一个明确的证据，表明那里有一种传播种子的动物。然后，他们发现了令人信服的证据：在七堆不同的灌木猪脸上发现了猴面包树种子。)”可知是猴面包树种子所在的位置（野猪粪便中）让科学家确定了真正的肇事者。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While the finding is important in its own right, it also provides valuable evidence that introduced species may not be entirely harmful. (虽然这一发现本身很重要，但它也提供了有价值的证据，证明引入的物种可能并不完全有害。)” 可知作者客观地陈述引进物种可能并非完全有害这一事实，故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“The Malagasy baobab trees, a typical feature of Madagascar's landscape, should have disappeared long ago due to the extinction of its former seed-distributing animals. (马达加斯加猴面包树是马达加斯加的典型景观，由于以前传播种子的动物灭绝，它早就应该消失了。)”和第三段“They then found convincing evidence: baobab seeds in seven different piles of bush-pig faces. (然后，他们发现了令人信服的证据：在七堆不同的灌木猪脸上发现了猴面包树种子。)”可知文章主要讲述了马达加斯加的猴面包树本应因种子传播动物的灭绝而消失，但实际上并没有。科学家们通过研究，发现是马达加斯加野猪意外地帮助了猴面包树的生存。所以C选项“丛林猪，物种保护者”符合文章主旨，故选C。 D In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money,” as well as unusually high salaries or suspiciously cheap services, because they seem “too good to be true.” In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely – compared with about 20 percent of those offered $5 as well. Nine further experiments, involving more than 4,000 participants, used online questionnaires to present other scenarios. These included being offered money to accept a ride home, extremely high construction-job wages and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain point, higher potential monetary gain reduced participants’ likelihood of accepting the offer. The study lead author Vonasch says it illustrates that contrary to the “standard economic model,” which supposes humans always seek to maximize gains, transactions need to also be understood as social interactions between people trying to understand each other’s minds. If someone seems to break accepted rules, such as self-interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be “phantom costs” – imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s “psychological value.” Factors beyond the present moment may come into play. “Understanding that others’ perceived over-generosity may put us in their debt could also help explain people’s reluctance,” says Rachel McCloy, a psychologist at England’s University of Reading. The researchers also showed how to mitigate the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal. The “cheap flights” experiment included a condition where the seats were revealed to be very uncomfortable. “Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point,” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was sufficient explanation.” The scientists are now experimenting with whether phantom costs play into humans’ interactions with robots and artificial intelligence. “If AI is overly generous, will people imagine phantom costs?” Vonasch says. “People tend to treat AI as if they have a mind, when obviously they don’t.” 12. According to paragraph 2, the experiments mainly focus on people’s . A. Thinking method. B. Decision making. C. Financial condition. D. Potential ability. 13. Why does the author mention “standard economic model”? A. To explain the experiments further. B. To clarify a psychological concept. C. To provide evidence for the study. D. To express doubt on the experiments. 14. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Analyse. B. Improve. C. Measure. D. Lessen. 15. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Phantom costs: Where “standard economic model” doesn’t work. B. Phantom costs: Whether people’s likelihood of accepting an offer reduces. C. Phantom costs: Why “too good to be true” scares people off. D. Phantom costs: How imagined consequences prevent hidden motives. 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们面对看似异常优惠的报价时，因怀疑其真实性而倾向于拒绝的心理现象，并解释了背后的心理学原理。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段“In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely – compared with about 20 percent of those offered $5 as well. Nine further experiments, involving more than 4,000 participants, used online questionnaires to present other scenarios. These included being offered money to accept a ride home, extremely high construction-job wages and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain point, higher potential monetary gain reduced participants’ likelihood of accepting the offer. (在最初的实验中，近40%的参与者吃了免费提供的饼干，相比之下，提供5美元的参与者中约有20%吃了饼干。另外九项实验，涉及4000多名参与者，使用在线问卷来呈现其他场景。这些条件包括给钱让他们搭车回家，极高的建筑工作工资，以及便宜得惊人的机票。在每种情况下，超过某一点，更高的潜在金钱收益降低了参与者接受提议的可能性。)”可知，实验主要关注人们的决策过程，即“决策制定”。故选B。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The study lead author Vonasch says it illustrates that contrary to the “standard economic model,” which supposes humans always seek to maximize gains, transactions need to also be understood as social interactions between people trying to understand each other’s minds. If someone seems to break accepted rules, such as self-interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be “phantom costs” – imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s “psychological value.” (该研究的主要作者Vonasch说，这表明，与“标准经济模型”相反，交易也需要被理解为人们试图了解彼此思想的社会互动。“标准经济模型”假设人类总是寻求利益最大化。如果有人似乎违反了公认的规则，比如自利，而没有任何解释，我们就会假设他们有隐藏的动机，并推断会有“幻影成本”——想象的后果会降低Vonasch所说的报价的“心理价值”。)”可知，作者在第三段中提到“standard economic model”是为了进一步解释实验，帮助读者理解人们的决策过程。故选A。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Factors beyond the present moment may come into play. “Understanding that others’ perceived over-generosity may put us in their debt could also help explain people’s reluctance,” says Rachel McCloy, a psychologist at England’s University of Reading. The researchers also showed how to mitigate the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal. (当下以外的因素可能会起作用。英国雷丁大学的心理学家雷切尔·麦克洛伊说：“理解别人的过度慷慨可能会让我们亏欠他们，这也有助于解释人们的不情愿。”研究人员还展示了如何mitigate这种影响：简单地提供一个交易的理由。)”可知，理解别人的过度慷慨可能会让我们亏欠他们，这也有助于解释人们的不情愿，简单地提供一个交易的理由是为了减轻这种影响，因此mitigate在这里的意思是“减少，减轻”。A. Analyse分析；B. Improve改进；C. Measure测量；D. Lessen减少，减轻。故选D。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money,” as well as unusually high salaries or suspiciously cheap services, because they seem “too good to be true.” (在《人格与社会心理学公报》上发表的一项研究中，研究人员发现，人们倾向于拒绝“免费的钱”，以及异常高的薪水或可疑的廉价服务，因为它们看起来“好得令人难以置信”。)”可知，文章主要介绍了人们面对看似“好得令人难以置信”的报价时的心理反应，即因为担心存在隐藏的代价而拒绝接受。选项C“Phantom costs: Why ‘too good to be true’ scares people off (幻影成本：为什么“好得令人难以置信”会吓跑人们。)”准确地概括了文章的主旨，符合题意。故选C。 5. 24-25 苏州 姑苏区苏州中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。 C For many, travel isn’t just about the destination—it’s about making the most of the journey. However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness. If you’ve ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you are not alone. Recognizing this common issue, Apple has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution: the Vehicle Motion Cues feature for iPhones and iPads. Motion sickness occurs when there is a disconnect between what your eyes see and what your body feels. When you’re in a moving vehicle, your body senses motion through its vestibular system(the inner ear), but if your eyes are focused on a still screen that doesn’t reflect this movement, the brain receives mixed signals. This sensory conflict can lead to dizziness, nausea, and overall discomfort — symptoms all too familiar to motion sickness sufferers. Apple’s new Vehicle Motion Cues feature is designed to bridge this gap and bring relief to those likely to experience motion sickness. This revolutionary feature works by displaying animated dots, around the edges of your screen, which move at the same time and speed as the motion of your vehicle. These moving cues help keep the motion your body feels in line with what your eyes see, effectively reducing the sensory mismatch that causes motion sickness. The magic lies in the simplicity and effectiveness. The animated dots move in consistency with the vehicle’s motion, providing a visual representation of the movement your body is experiencing. By matching the visual input with the physical sensations of motion, your brain is less likely to experience the confusion that leads to sickness. Early reports and user feedback indicate that Vehicle Motion Cues is receiving high praise for its effectiveness. So next time you embark on a journey, whether short or long, remember that Apple’s got your back — or rather, your brain helping you make the most of every mile with ease and comfort. 8. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The principle of Apples new design. B. The cause of motion sickness. C. The functions of Apple’s new design. D. The symptoms of motion sickness. 9. What does the underlined phrase “this gap” in paragraph 3 refer to according to the text? A. The difference between the brain signals and the inner ear perception. B. The disconnect between visual input and physical feelings of motion. C. The difference between sensory conflicts and motion sickness. D. The disconnect between a still screen and the moving vehicle. 10. By displaying animated dots around the screen, Apple’s Vehicle Motion Cues is able to__________. A. ease sensory conflicts in the brain B. tell the mismatched physical sensations C. balance the movement of our eyes and body D. increase the effectiveness of vehicle motion 11. Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Enjoy Your Reading: Apple offers a Revolutionary Solution B. Find the Magic of a Moving Vehicle: Apple’s Got Your Back C. Make the Most of Your Body Movement: Apple Bridges the Gap D. Say Goodbye to Motion Sickness: Apple Introduces Its New Design 【答案】8. B 9. B 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍苹果公司新设计的Vehicle Motion Cue功能解决了人们晕车的问题。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Motion sickness occurs when there is a disconnect between what your eyes see and what your body feels. When you’re in a moving vehicle, your body senses motion through its vestibular system (the inner ear), but if your eyes are focused on a still screen that doesn’t reflect this movement, the brain receives mixed signals. This sensory conflict can lead to dizziness, nausea, and overall discomfort — symptoms all too familiar to motion sickness sufferers.(当你的眼睛看到的和你的身体感觉之间出现脱节时，就会发生晕动病。当你在移动的车辆中时，你的身体通过前庭系统（内耳）感知运动，但如果你的眼睛聚焦在一个没有反映这种运动的静止屏幕上，大脑会收到混合信号。这种感官冲突会导致头晕、恶心和整体不适——这些症状对晕车患者来说太熟悉了)”可知，本段主要讲晕车的原因。故选B项。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中的句子“Apple’s new Vehicle Motion Cues feature is designed to bridge this gap and bring relief to those likely to experience motion sickness. This revolutionary feature works by displaying animated dots, around the edges of your screen, which move at the same time and speed as the motion of your vehicle. These moving cues help keep the motion your body feels in line with what your eyes see, effectively reducing the sensory mismatch that causes motion sickness.(苹果的新‘车辆运动提示’功能旨在弥合这一差距，并为可能晕车的人带来缓解。这一革命性的功能通过在屏幕边缘显示动画点来发挥作用，这些点以与车辆运动相同的时间和速度移动。这些移动提示有助于使身体感受到的运动与眼睛看到的东西保持一致，从而有效减少导致晕车的感官不匹配)”可知，既然通过在屏幕边缘显示与车辆运动相同的时间和速度移动的动画点以后，身体感受到的运动与眼睛看到的东西就能保持一致了，那么划线词this gap指的是“视觉输入和身体运动感觉之间的脱节”。故选B项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段“Apple’s new Vehicle Motion Cues feature is designed to bridge this gap and bring relief to those likely to experience motion sickness. This revolutionary feature works by displaying animated dots, around the edges of your screen, which move at the same time and speed as the motion of your vehicle. These moving cues help keep the motion your body feels in line with what your eyes see, effectively reducing the sensory mismatch that causes motion sickness.(苹果公司新的Vehicle Motion Cue功能旨在弥合这一差距，并为那些可能患有晕动病的人带来缓解。这一革命性功能的工作原理是在屏幕边缘显示动画点，这些点与车辆的运动同时以相同的速度移动。这些移动的线索有助于使你的身体感觉与你的眼睛所看到的保持一致，有效地减少了导致晕车的感官不匹配)”可知，通过在屏幕周围显示动画点，Applet Vehicle Motion Cues能够缓解大脑中的感官冲突。故选A项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章第一段中的“However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness. If you’ve ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you’re not alone. Recognizing this common issue, Apple has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution; the Vehicle Motion Cues feature for iPhones and iPads.(然而，对于很多人来说，旅途往往会被一种不舒服的体验所破坏，这种体验通常伴随着呕吐，被称为晕车。如果你曾经在阅读或在行驶的车辆中使用设备时感到不受欢迎的呕吐冲动，那么你并不孤单。认识到这一共同问题，苹果公司已经加紧提供革命性的解决方案；iPhone和iPad的Vehicle Motion Cue功能)”以及下文内容可知，文章介绍苹果公司的Vehicle Motion Cue功能能解决人们晕车问题。由此可知，D项Say Goodbye to Motion Sickness: Apple Introduces Its New Design(告别晕车：苹果推出新设计)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D项。 D Aircraft are some of the most complex vehicles out there, which need a great energy supply. If you tried to design an airplane supported by today’s batteries, you would have to take out all the passengers and goods and fill that space with batteries just to fly for under an hour. Jet fuel can hold about 50 times more energy compared to batteries per unit mass. To close that gap, we need to make batteries lighter in the future. New batteries are being developed, but they aren’t yet ready for providing any aircraft with energy independently. However, we can get some benefits by using hybrid propulsion systems (混合驱动系统). Hybrid aircraft use a combination of batteries and jet fuels. Using batteries as a power assist during takeoff and climb is a very promising option. Taxiing (滑行) to the runway by using just electric power could also save a significant amount of jet fuel. There is a sweet spot between how much electricity used from the battery and how much jet fuel used for the maximum benefits. How to get there is at the center of my research. Besides hybrid propulsion systems, we can dig deep into jet fuel. The first option is that fuels can be made from corn, oilseeds and other fats. But the supply is limited, and using more biomass for fuel could compete with food production and lead to deforestation. A second option is using synthetic (合成的) sustainable jet fuel, which involves capturing carbon from the air or other industrial processes and combining it with hydrogen. The only emission is water. But that’s a complex and costly process and does not have a high production scale yet. By 2050, we could see three to five times more carbon dioxide emissions from aircraft than before 2020. The International Civil Aviation Organization’s long-term goal is to cut net carbon dioxide emissions by 50% by 2050 compared with the level in 2005. I think we should raise our expectations about the goal in 2050 because technological progress is faster than the growth of demand. 12. What does the author want to tell us in paragraph 1? A. The complexity of aircraft transportation. B. The difficulty in fully electrifying aircraft. C. The difference between fuel and batteries. D. The feature of new batteries in the future. 13. What is the focus of the author’s research? A. Improving the safety of airplanes during the taxiing process. B. Designing a hybrid propulsion system to help airplanes take off. C. Calculating how much energy is used in different processes of flight. D. Finding the right consumption proportion of electricity to fuel during flights. 14. What do we know about the two options mentioned by the author? A. The first option is more expensive. B. The first option needs more research. C. The second option is more environmentally-friendly. D. The second option consumes more agriculture resources. 15. What is the author s attitude towards the long-term goal? A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Uncaring. D. Unclear. 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了飞机能源供应问题，指出电池供能存在不足，混合动力推进系统有一定优势，喷气燃料有不同开发选择。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Aircraft are some of the most complex vehicles out there, which need a great energy supply. If you tried to design an airplane supported by today’s batteries, you would have to take out all the passengers and goods and fill that space with batteries just to fly for under an hour. Jet fuel can hold about 50 times more energy compared to batteries per unit mass. (飞机是最复杂的交通工具之一，需要大量的能源供应。如果你试图设计一架由今天的电池支撑的飞机，你必须把所有的乘客和货物都拿掉，用电池填满那个空间，才能飞行不到一个小时。与电池相比，每单位质量的喷气燃料可以储存大约50倍的能量。)”可知，电池提供的能量很有限，即使用大量的电池，也无法独立为高耗能的飞机提供长时间的动力。由此可知，作者想表明飞机全面电气化的困难。故选B项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“There is a sweet spot between how much electricity used from the battery and how much jet fuel used for the maximum benefits. How to get there is at the center of my research. (在电池使用多少电量和使用多少喷气燃料以获得最大效益之间存在一个最佳点。如何到达那里是我研究的中心。)”可知，作者的研究重点是寻找飞行过程中电力与燃料的正确消耗比例。故选D项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“A second option is using synthetic (合成的) sustainable jet fuel, which involves capturing carbon from the air or other industrial processes and combining it with hydrogen. The only emission is water. (第二种选择是使用合成可持续喷气燃料，包括从空气或其他工业过程中捕获碳，并将其与氢结合。唯一的排放物是水。)”可知，第二种选择的原料从空气中获取，排放物仅为水。由此可知，这种选择更环保。故选C项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I think we should raise our expectations about the goal in 2050 because technological progress is faster than the growth of demand. (我认为我们应该提高对2050年目标的预期，因为技术进步比需求增长快。)”可知，作者认为技术进步的速度可以满足需求，目标是可以达成的。由此可知，作者对该目标持积极乐观的态度。故选A项。 6. 24-25 南通 海安高级中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中选出最佳选项。 C Overseeing the development of a literary culture, which is part of a critic’s job, is a process of fits and starts. Critics play a role in determining which books published today should be labeled “instant classics”, which books are best described as “little-known” and which books published in past decades or centuries deserve re-examination. Beginning in the early 20th century, reissues complicated those categories. Older books like “The Dud Avocado” and “Stoner” — and even “Moby-Dick” and “The Great Gatsby” — became more famous upon reprinting than they had been when originally published. The canon (文学经典) itself is in a constant, ongoing process of being shaped by book lovers who are often in disagreement not only about what qualifies as literature but also about the purpose of reading literature. A reissue, more often than not published after the author is dead, rebalances the purpose of literature away from writer intent and more toward reader intent. Early last year, the small magazine n+1 restated a longstanding policy: No dead people. Reading work from dead authors may be unavoidable, but as literary critics tasked with creating and shaping the conversation, writing about dead people was considered unacceptable — because it was unfair to expect that contemporary writers, already struggling to secure attention for their work, compete with dead writers. We need, n+1 argued, to “refocus the public’s attention on the under-read work of the living.” It’s true that the literary world — perhaps egged on by editors, publishers and critics alike — frequently talks about reviving unjustly ignored voices from the depths of history, trying to ensure they are rescued from being forgotten. We don’t reissue the work of dead authors in order to do right by them, but because their work is a piece of history. We need to understand literature in its own right and as an expression of its own time and context, even if that context is horrifying or uninviting or problematic. Reading well — and writing good criticism — brings a sense of wonder to history, and despite the emotional influences that may sometimes inspire reissues, they uniquely connect us to the past, which will always be important. 8. What does the author indicate by mentioning the older books in paragraph 1? A. Reissues make sorting harder. B. Reissues never boost popularity. C. New editions show more changes. D. Critics should recategorize reissues. 9. What can we say about a reissue from paragraph 2? A. It is made to a consistent standard. B. It causes disagreements among readers. C. It breathes life into forgotten literary works. D. It shifts the literary focus toward readers’ needs. 10. What effect did n+1 expect from its policy? A. Inspiring living writers to learn from dead writers. B. Bridging the divide between critics and writers. C. Making more living writers’ voices heard. D. Making critics less hard on living writers. 11. How does the author look at reissuing dead authors’ works? A. A way to correct past injustices against authors. B. A method to celebrate authors’ contributions. C. A means to obtain insights into the history. D. A strategy to maintain literary traditions. 【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了监督文学文化的发展。评论家们在决定今天出版的哪些书应该被贴上“即时经典”的标签，哪些书最适合被描述为“鲜为人知”，哪些书在过去几十年或几个世纪里出版，值得重新审视。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Beginning in the early 20th century, reissues complicated those categories. Older books like “The Dud Avocado” and “Stoner” — and even “Moby-Dick” and “The Great Gatsby” — became more famous upon reprinting than they had been when originally published.(从20世纪初开始，重新发行使这些分类变得复杂。像《烂鳄梨》和《斯通纳》这样的老书，甚至《白鲸》和《了不起的盖茨比》，在重印后比最初出版时更出名。)”可知，作者提到老书在重新分类发行后更出名，是为了说明重新发行会加大分类难度。故选A项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“A reissue, more often than not published after the author is dead, rebalances the purpose of literature away from writer intent and more toward reader intent.(重新发行往往是在作者死后才出版，它重新平衡了文学的目的，使其远离作者的意图，更倾向于读者的意图。)”可知，重新发行把文学的焦点转向了读者的需要。故选D项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Early last year, the small magazine  n+1  restated a longstanding policy: No dead people.(去年年初，小型杂志《n+1》重申了一项长期政策：不接受死人。) ”和“We need, n+1 argued, to “refocus the public’s attention on the under-read work of the living.”(《n+1》认为，我们需要“把公众注意力重新集中到那些被忽视的活着的人的作品上”。)”可知，《n+1》期望从其政策中让更多在世作家的声音被听到。故选C项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We don’t reissue the work of dead authors in order to do right by them, but because their work is a piece of history.(我们重新发行已故作者的作品不是为了对他们做正确的事，而是因为他们的作品是一段历史。)”可知，作者认为重新发行已故作者的作品意味着获得对历史的洞察。故选C项。 【点睛】 D One of the world’s greenest office buildings will formally open its doors this week. It’s a project of the environmentally progressive Bullitt Foundation. Its ambition is bold: to showcase an entirely self-sustaining office building hoping that others will create similar projects. The first thing that strikes you about the new Bullitt Center is an emphasis on walking. “In a building this size, any place else in Seattle it would have two elevators. Here, the stairway is obvious and attractive,”says Denis Hayes, CEO of the foundation. He explains there is an elevator, but it’s well-hidden. The staircase encourages exercise and the concept helps cut down on energy use. This is one of dozens of visionary decisions that went into this building. “It has eyes, ears, a nervous system and a brain and it responds to its environment in a way that seeks to optimize (优化) things,” he says. He points across the street to a mini weather station. It sends data to the building so it can decide what it should do to conserve energy. “I think it’s fair to say we were all a bit skeptical in the beginning, ”says Chris Rogers, the founder of a firm in cooperation with the foundation. Rogers and the others set out to meet the ambitious goals of the Living Building Challenge, a green building standard set by local architects. Clearly this building is not for everyone. If you think of it as simply an office building, it was relatively pricey to design and build. But if you view it as a laboratory, an educational center and a bold effort to change how things are built, the calculation changes. Still, one could wonder, is it possible to build more with similar self-sustaining features at a reasonable cost? If this building isn’t reproducible, then this experiment will have failed, says Rogers. But if it is successful, he’s optimistic others will follow the foundation’s lead. Rogers points out that over the past couple of decades, many builders have been integrating green elements into their buildings. 12. What motivates the designers to highlight the stairway? A. To beautify the building. B. To offer convenience. C. To hide the elevator. D. To conserve energy. 13. Which description best summarizes the Bullitt Center according to paragraph 3? A. A living organism. B. A first responder. C. A brain system. D. A data base. 14. Which argument does Chris Rogers hold probably? A. It is reasonable to hold doubt in the building’s future. B. The building has been inspired by previous efforts. C. The reproduction of the building is crucial. D. The building stands for a progressive force. 15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Look Inside The World’s Greenest Building B. The Outlook For Green Buildings Is Promising C. How Can We Build More Green Buildings? D. Will This Super Green Building Be Copied? 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要是先介绍了西雅图一栋超级环保的新建筑的相关特色，从而提出潜在的质疑和探讨 未来类似环保建筑的发展前景。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The staircase encourages exercise and the concept helps cut down on energy use.(楼梯鼓励锻炼，这个概念有助于减少能源消耗)”可知，设计师对该栋建筑中楼梯的设计，是出于鼓励锻炼和减少能源消耗的目的。故选D。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“It has eyes, ears, a nervous system and a brain and it responds to its environment in a way that seeks to optimize (优化) things(它有眼睛、耳朵、神经系统和大脑，并以一种寻求优化事物的方式对环境做出反应)”可推知，Bullitt Center仿佛是一个活的有机体一样。故选A。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If this building isn’t reproducible, then this experiment will have failed, says Rogers. But if it is successful, he’s optimistic others will follow the foundation’s lead.(罗杰斯说，如果这个建筑不能复制，那么这个实验就失败了。但如果它成功了，他乐观地认为其他人会跟随基金会的脚步)”可推知，该栋环保建筑的复制推广是至关重要的。故选C。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“One of the world’s greenest office buildings will formally open its doors this week. It’s a project of the environmentally progressive Bullitt Foundation. Its ambition is bold: to showcase an entirely self-sustaining office building hoping that others will create similar projects.(世界上最环保的办公大楼之一将于本周正式对外开放。这是环保进步组织布利特基金会的一个项目。它的野心是大胆的：展示一个完全自给自足的办公大楼，希望其他人也能创造出类似的项目)”结合本文主要是先介绍了西雅图一栋超级环保的新建筑的相关特色，从而提出潜在的质疑和探讨未来类似环保建筑的发展前景。D项“超级绿色建筑会被复制吗？”最具概括性，可以统摄全文。故选D。 7. 24-25 南通 海安市实验中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 C People flood into cities for understandable reasons: more job opportunities, more cultural diversity and larger communities. Yet living in a concrete-walled, green-poor, urban environment takes away from our-very essence our fundamental need to be close to nature. We can’t quite break the link with our evolutionary (进化的) past and part ways with our origins. Surrounding ourselves with walls and ‘screens, we tend to pay a price, often with our health and quality of life. In Japan, a populous country with vast expanses of green forests, an ancient tradition, known as shinrin-yoku, or forest bathing, tries to balance out the pressure from urban living. It’s the practice of spending prolonged periods of time with trees to gain from their many health benefits. In a book hitting shelves this month, Forest Bathing: How Trees Can Help You Find Health and Happiness, Dr. Qing Li, the world’s foremost expert in forest medicine, introduces readers to the valuable practice of forest bathing. The book features more than 100 color photographs of forests around the world. One may reject this kind of book as yet less convincing, but the point is that Li has not just practiced forest bathing, but has also studied its impact on people’s health through numerous scientific studies. He has data to support his claims, collected in a long list of expert-reviewed articles at the end of the book. The book lists studies that consistently show-a substantial, reduction of stress hormones (应激激素). Essential tree oils found in forest air increase energy levels by more than 30 percent and improve a general state of well-being, including improvement in sleep. Scientific results apart, the, concept of forest bathing shouldn’t be so surprising. Who hasn’t felt an inner sense of well-being when walking along a quiet forest path? Stepping into a forest, away from the artificial sounds and smells of urban life, does feel like pushing a life reset button, reestablishing a connection with our deepest needs. To celebrate this wonderful book and. what seems to be a rediscovery of forest bathing in our life, I’m going to go now—to take: my forest bath. 8. What is stressed in paragraph 1? A. The harm of electronics. B. The downside of city life. C. The consequences of lack of workout. D. The reasons for pursuit of urban living. 9. What’s the book aimed at? A. Promoting a lifestyle. B. Presenting research results. C. Stating the significance of walks. D. Appealing for forest conservation. 10. Which of the following can best describe Dr. Li’s book? A. One-sided. B. Sharply worded. C. Evidence-based. D. Widely recognized. 11. How is the benefit of forest bathing further proved in paragraph 4? A. Through clinical cases. B. Through practical experience. C. Through official statistics. D. Through Japanese experts’ studies. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章旨在强调城市生活对人们与自然联系的削弱以及森林浴作为一种重要健康实践的价值。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Yet living in a concrete-walled, green-poor, urban environment takes away from our-very essence our fundamental need to be close to nature. (然而，生活在一个混凝土墙、绿色贫乏的城市环境中，剥夺了我们亲近自然的基本需求。)”可知，第一段强调的是城市生活的不利之处，故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“It’s the practice of spending prolonged periods of time with trees to gain from their many health benefits. In a book hitting shelves this month, Forest Bathing: How Trees Can Help You Find Health and Happiness, Dr. Qing Li, the world’s foremost expert in forest medicine, introduces readers to the valuable practice of forest bathing. (这是一种长时间与树木相处以从其许多健康益处中获益的做法。在本月上架的一本书《森林浴：树木如何帮助你找到健康和幸福》中，世界上最重要的森林医学专家李青博士向读者介绍了森林浴的宝贵实践。)”可知，这本书的目的是向读者推广森林浴这种健康的生活方式，故选A项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“One may reject this kind of book as yet less convincing, but the point is that Li has not just practiced forest bathing, but has also studied its impact on people’s health through numerous scientific studies. He has data to support his claims, collected in a long list of expert-reviewed articles at the end of the book. (有人可能会认为这种书还不那么令人信服，但关键是，李不仅练习了森林浴，而且还通过大量的科学研究研究了它对人类健康的影响。他有数据来支持他的说法，这些数据收集在书末的一长串专家评审文章中。)”可知，李博士不仅实践了森林浴，还通过大量科学研究来研究森林浴对人们健康的影响，并且他在书中提供了大量经过专家评审的文章来支持他的论点，他的书是有科学依据的，故选C项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Scientific results apart, the, concept of forest bathing shouldn’t be so surprising. Who hasn’t felt an inner sense of well-being when walking along a quiet forest path? Stepping into a forest, away from the artificial sounds and smells of urban life, does feel like pushing a life reset button, reestablishing a connection with our deepest needs. (撇开科学结果不谈，森林浴的概念不应该那么令人惊讶。走在安静的森林小径上，谁没有感受到内心的幸福感？走进森林，远离城市生活中的人工声音和气味，确实感觉像按下了生活重置按钮，重新建立了与我们最深层次需求的联系。)”可知，第四段是通过人们在森林中感受到的身心愉悦来进一步证明森林浴的好处。故选B项。 D Star Wars fans would be familiar with the good relationship between humans and droids (机器人) in the movies. In the movie Solo: A Star Wars Story, Lando Calrissian risked his life to rescue his co-pilot, a female droid L3-37. In real life, a humanoid robot, Sophia, has recently been granted (给予) citizenship in Saudi Arabia. Increasingly, people are ready to see robots as resembling humans. Given this phenomenon, I believ it is necessary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy. Experts have argued that since robots have now acquired human-like qualities, it is appropriate to consider if they should have rights just as humans. Sophia has a human like face and utilizes artificial intelligence to respond to speech and express emotions. For such a lifelike being that is potentially capable of expressing emotions, does it not deserve the right to be loved and respected? Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harming humans. Since people tend to form attachments to social robots, it becomes possible for companies to control the hardware and software to exploit this emotional attachment. There is a danger that data that is stored in the robot could be uploaded to the cloud. There would then possibly be situations in which the government or private sector retrieves (检索数据) the information stored in a robotic toy or social robot. With these uncertainties, it is clear why robots should be protected, just as humans. An even more irresistible reason to grant human rights to the robots is the protection of societal values. We should stop a young child from kicking or tearing a toy robot apart because it resembles a real life. Giving robots certain rights will ensure that societal standards are set. Still, many have roundly argued that no matter how sophisticated (老练的) they may be, robots are still machines. It is therefore quite ridiculous to treat them as living beings and grant them rights. However, with the advancement in technology, it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphized (赋予人的特征), and we would have to consider granting them rights. In conclusion, deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task, but now is the time to start the conversation on this and seriously consider the possibility. 12. Why does the author mention the two examples in the first paragraph? A. To remind readers of the importance of robots. B. To discuss the necessity of rescuing robots. C. To set readers thinking about an issue about robots. D. To describe the relationship between humans and robots. 13. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. Robots should be legally and morally protected. B. There is possible information risk. C. Humans are doing harm to robots. D. Robots should be given more emotional attachment. 14. What’s the author’s attitude towards granting robots human rights? A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Negative. D. Uncaring. 15. What’s the structure of the passage? (①=Para. 1 ②=Para. 2 ③=Para. 3 ④=Para. 4 ⑤=Para. 5 ⑥=Para. 6) A. ①—②③④⑤—⑥ B. ①②—③④⑤—⑥ C. ①—②③—④⑤⑥ D. ①—②③④—⑤⑥ 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。随着机器人越来越类人化，我们很多时候不能再把机器人仅仅看作机器，因此文章论述了应该赋予机器人人权理由。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Given this phenomenon, I believ it is necessary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy.（鉴于这种现象，我认为有必要考虑给予机器人人类享有的某些权利）”结合下文陈述应该给与机器人人权的原因推知，上文提到星球大战中机器人救机器人以及现实生活中的机器人Sophia的例子是为了让读者思考一个关于机器人的问题。故选C。 【13题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段的主要内容，尤其中心句“Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harming humans.（机器人也应该得到法律和道德保护，因为伤害机器人可能与伤害人类相似）”可知，本段主要陈述机器人应该受到法律和道德的保护。故选A。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“However, with the advancement in technology, it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphized (赋予人的特征), and we would have to consider granting them rights.（然而，随着技术的进步，机器人完全拟人化只是时间问题， 我们必须考虑赋予他们权利）”和最后一段“In conclusion, deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task, but now is the time to start the conversation on this and seriously consider the possibility.（总之，决定机器人是否应该享有人权并不是一件容易的事，但现在是开始对话的时候了，并认真考虑这种可能性）”推知，作者对给与机器人人权持支持态度。故选B。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段提出本文话题——考虑给机器人人权，第二到第五段陈述为什么要给机器人人权，最后一个自然段总结全文。因此文章的结构是①—②③④⑤—⑥。故选A。 8. 24-25 启东中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所结的A、B、C、四个选项中选出最往选项。 C During a 2006 visit to Hudson’s Hope in northern British Columbia, my husband George went flying with a friend, curious to see the landmass beneath his feet from another perspective. They flew over the town of Hudson’s Hope, the Bennett Dam and the Peace River, taking photos as they went. At one point, the pilot told George to take a good look below, where he noted what looked to be large circles carved (刻) into the ground. “UFO site?” George asked playfully. “No, but after our flight, I’ll show you an article in the local newspaper on this particular project,” the pilot answered. The article explained that in 1999 an artist named Deryk Houston made a journey to Baghdad to see the suffering that war had brought to the people of Iraq, which set him on a course to become an artist who uses the earth as his canvas and peace as his inspiration. Upon his return to Peace River Country, he, along with his son, Sam, and volunteer Phil Kirtzinger, constructed a series of concentric circles made of sand, gravel and hay. Symbolic renderings (艺术表达) of a mother and her child were created at the center of the work. Deryk’s hope was that the site would become a permanent sanctuary (永久的圣地) of peace, a place to visit for people searching for spiritual renewal, new hope or just a few precious moments of inner peace. With most of us here being safe and sound in our own environments, and relatively ignorant of what’s going on in far-away, war-torn countries, how often do we stop to think about the loss of a child or a mother’s struggle to find the necessities of life in the midst of chaos (混乱)? We only come face to face with the facts when they are brought to our attention in a meaningful way. Such was the effect that Deryk’s work had on both my husband and me. While few of us have the talent to create such a monumental tribute (不朽的赞歌) to peace, we can draw inspiration from people like Deryk and do our part, in our own way, to help the cause. 28. What happened during George’s visit to Hudson’s Hope in 2006? A. He saw a breathtaking sight. B. He visited some tourist attractions. C. He encountered a friend who was a pilot. D. H made headlines in the local newspaper. 29. What led to the construction of the large circles? A. A UFO. B. An article in 1999. C. Deryk’s suffering in Iraq. D. Deryk’s journey to Baghdad. 30. What is the purpose of Deryk’s project? A. To bring peace to people. B. To teach his son a lesson. C. To attract visitors to the town. D. To help a painful mother and child. 31. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. What is happening in war-torn countries. B. How the author and her husband were affected. C. Who should be responsible for a chaotic world. D. What the author and her husband have contributed to peace. 【答案】28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者丈夫在2006年访问加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省北部的Hudson’s Hope时，从空中看到地面上的大型圆圈，并通过与飞行员的交流了解到这些圆圈是由艺术家Deryk Houston为纪念和平而创作的。文章通过这一事件，表达了对和平的向往和对Deryk Houston艺术创作的赞赏。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“At one point, the pilot told George to take a good look below, where he noted what looked to be large circles carved into the ground.(在某个时刻，飞行员让George往下面看，他注意到地面上似乎被刻出了大型圆圈)”可知，George在访问Hudson’s Hope时，从空中看到了地面上被刻出的大型圆圈，这是一个令人惊叹的景象。故选A。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The article explained that in 1999 an artist named Deryk Houston made a journey to Baghdad to see the suffering that war had brought to the people of Iraq, which set him on a course to become an artist who uses the earth as his canvas and peace as his inspiration.(文章解释说，1999年，一位名叫Deryk Houston的艺术家前往巴格达，目睹了战争给伊拉克人民带来的苦难，这使他走上了以大地为画布、以和平为灵感的艺术创作之路)”可知，Deryk Houston的巴格达之旅促成了大圆圈的建造。。故选D。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Deryk’s hope was that the site would become a permanent sanctuary of peace, a place to visit for people searching for spiritual renewal, new hope or just a few precious moments of inner peace.(Deryk的希望是这个地方能成为一个永久的和平圣地，一个供人们寻求精神更新、新希望或仅仅是一些珍贵内心平静时刻的参观之地)”可推知，Deryk的创作目的是希望这个地方能成为人们寻求和平和内心平静的圣地。故选A。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Such was the effect that Deryk’s work had on both my husband and me.(这就是Deryk的作品对我丈夫和我产生的影响)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了Deryk的作品对作者和她丈夫产生的影响。故选B。 D Humans are not the animal kingdom's only fashionistas. Tits ( ill雀) can be fashion followers, too, apparently. A latest study shows that, given the chance, they decorate their nests with this season's must-have colour. Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin were following up on a study published in 1934 by Henry Smith Williams, an American naturalist. He noticed that when he put various coloured balls of yarn (纱) out in his garden, almost always one and only one became popular that season for being included into local birds' nests. But which particular color was favoured varied from season to season. This suggested that the colour chosen by one of the early birds was spotted and copied by others. Williams's work was, however, forgotten until they came across it while following up on a different study, published by a team at the University of Toulouse, suggesting fashion-following, too. Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin therefore set out to re-run Williams's experiment, but this time to collect some actual numbers. The birds they followed were part of a well-monitored population of blue tits in a wood near the institute. Most birds in this wood carried tracking devices fitted to them after their capture in mist nets. That allowed the institute's researchers to keep track of a vast number of individuals by recording their arrival at food containers throughout the wood. Instead of food, these containers were loaded with wool of different colors. Interestingly, researchers soon found that most nests of blue tits included only the color of the wool first chosen by a nestbuildcr. Tits, then, do seem to be “on trend”, when it comes to nest-building materials. Why that should happen remains obscure. Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin suspect the fashion leaders are older birds, and that evolution favours younger ones copying their elders since those elders have evidently survived what fortune has to throw at a tit. Williams’s original work, though, suggests such initial choices are at random-a bit like those of the leaders of human fashions. 32. What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A. Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin contributed to William's work. B. Early birds' color preference was copied by their fellows. C. The yam was the most popular material to decorate local birds' nests. D. The color of the yam favored by local birds was fixed throughout the year. 33. How did Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin improve William's experiment? A. They observed the blue tits. B. They studied the habits of blue tits. C. They adopted the data-collecting method. D. They fitted tracking devices to food containers. 34. What does the underlined word “obscure” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Hidden. B. Evident. C. Complicated. D. Shallow. 35. What is the main idea of the text? A. Birds favor certain colors in decoration. B. Young birds follow their elders in fashion. C. Young birds are just as intelligent as people. D. Birds are just as fashion-conscious as people. 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。人类并不是动物界唯一的时尚达人。研究表明，山雀也像人类一样追随潮流，用流行色装点巢穴。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二自然段“He noticed that when he put various coloured balls of yarn (纱) out in his garden, almost always one and only one became popular that season for being included into local birds' nests. But which particular color was favoured varied from season to season. This suggested that the colour chosen by one of the early birds was spotted and copied by others. (他注意到，当他把各种颜色的纱线球放在花园里时，几乎总是有一种，而且只有一种因为被放进当地的鸟巢而在那个季节流行起来。但哪种颜色受到青睐因季节而异。这表明，其中一只早期鸟类选择的颜色被其他鸟类发现并模仿了。)”可知，最开始的鸟类的颜色偏好被它们的同伴模仿了。故选B。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三自然段“Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin therefore set out to re-run Williams's experiment, but this time to collect some actual numbers. (因此，Wild博士和Aplin博士开始重新进行Williams的实验，但这次是为了收集一些实际数字。)”可知，Wild博士和Aplin博士采用了数据收集的方法来改进Williams的实验。故选C。 【34题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第五自然段“Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin suspect the fashion leaders are older birds, and that evolution favours younger ones copying their elders since those elders have evidently survived what fortune has to throw at a tit. (Wild博士和Aplin博士怀疑时尚界的领导者都是年纪较大的鸟，进化倾向于年轻人模仿他们的长辈，因为这些长辈显然在命运的洗礼中幸存了下来。)”中的suspect可推知，为什么会发生这种情况还不清楚。obscure意为“不清楚的；隐蔽的”。A. Hidden.隐蔽的；B. Evident.显然的；C. Complicated.复杂的；D. Shallow. 肤浅的。故选A。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一自然段“Humans are not the animal kingdom's only fashionistas. Tits ( ill雀) can be fashion followers, too, apparently. A latest study shows that, given the chance, they decorate their nests with this season's must-have colour. (人类并不是动物王国中唯一的时尚达人。显然，山雀也可以成为时尚追随者。一项最新研究表明，如果有机会，它们会用本季必备的颜色装饰巢穴。)”可知，本文主要讲的是鸟类像人类一样追随潮流。D项“Birds are just as fashion-conscious as people. (鸟类和人一样具有时尚意识)”最能概括本文大意。故选D。 9. 24-25 通州高级中学 高二上 第二次阶段性检测 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Dolphins and fishermen in Laguna, Brazil, like the same food: Mullets (鲻鱼). But rather than compete, the two have formed an alliance. Common bottlenose dolphins will chase schools of mullets toward shore, where a row of fishermen stand waist-deep in the water, nets in hand. The fishermen can’t see the fish through the murky water, so instead, they watch the dolphins. When the marine mammals slap their heads or tails against the water, they cue (提示) the fishermen to cast their nets, which in turn breaks up the schools and makes individual fish easier for the dolphins to catch. Now, a new study suggests the dolphins are willing partners in this cooperation. They pay close attention to the humans, timing their actions to maximize their catch. The animals may even be guiding the people, says Simon Ingram, a marine biologist. He says, “It’s almost as if the dolphins are training the humans.” Fishers must understand the dolphins’ cues, learning them over time, Cantor, a behavioral ecologist at the University of Cambridge, says. “The dolphins are almost like teachers.” This fishing partnership has passed down through the generations, lasting for more than a century. According to a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers suggest dolphins that hunt with humans have increased survival rates over those that don’t. These cooperative dolphins are more likely to stay near the shore, reducing their chance of entanglement (缠住) in illegal fishing gear. Fishers were also more successful when they worked with the dolphins. When dolphins were present, the fishers were 17 times more likely to catch fish and netted nearly 4 times more mullets when they timed their casting with the dolphins’ signals. This is really incredible cooperative behavior. Other populations of dolphins have also been known to cooperate with human fishers, herding fish toward shore or into nets off eastern Australia, Mauritania, and Southeast Asia. But these practices have either disappeared or are in decline. 8. How can dolphins catch mullets more easily according to paragraph 1? A. By competing against humans. B. By using unique hunting skills. C. By forming a team with other fishes. D. By cooperating with local fishermen. 9. Why does the ecologist say that the dolphins are almost like teachers? A. The dolphins always imitate human behavior. B. The dolphins try to communicate with fishers. C. The dolphins are willing to adjust their actions. D. The dolphins often signaled fishers to catch fish. 10. What’s the benefit of dolphins working with fishermen? A. They avoid potential risks or dangers. B. They are often rescued by fishermen. C. They have better living environment. D. They are getting increasingly smarter. 11. What does the author intend to convey in the text? A. Dolphins are cooperative creatures. B. Dolphins are dependent on fishermen. C. Humans are struggling for their survival. D. Humans are learning skills from animals 【答案】8. D 9. D 10. A 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文。它介绍了海豚和渔民之间的合作关系，并讲述了这种合作对海豚和渔民的好处。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“But rather than compete, the two have formed an alliance. Common bottlenose dolphins will chase schools of mullets toward shore, where a row of fishermen stand waist-deep in the water, nets in hand. The fishermen can’t see the fish through the murky water, so instead, they watch the dolphins. When the marine mammals slap their heads or tails against the water, they cue (提示) the fishermen to cast their nets, which in turn breaks up the schools and makes individual fish easier for the dolphins to catch. (但双方并没有展开竞争，而是结成了联盟。普通的宽吻海豚会追逐鲻鱼群，将它们驱赶到岸边，而一排渔民则站在水中，手持渔网。由于水色浑浊，渔民无法通过水中看见鱼群，所以他们观察海豚的行动。当海豚用头部或尾部拍打水面时，它们就提示渔民投下渔网，这样鱼群就会被打散，海豚可以更容易地捕捉单独的鱼)”可知，海豚通过和当地渔民合作能更容易捕捉鲻鱼。故选D项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The animals may even be guiding the people, says Simon Ingram, a marine biologist. He says, “It’s almost as if the dolphins are training the humans.” Fishers must understand the dolphins’ cues, learning them over time, Cantor, a behavioral ecologist at the University of Cambridge, says. “The dolphins are almost like teachers.” (海洋生物学家西蒙·因格拉姆（Simon Ingram）表示，这些动物甚至可能在引导人类，他说：“海豚几乎就像在训练人类一样。”渔民必须理解海豚的提示，并随着时间的推移学习它们。剑桥大学的行为生态学家坎特（Cantor）表示：“海豚几乎就像是教师。”)”可知，海豚经常向渔民发出捕鱼的信号，他们在引导人类，所以生态学家说海豚就像老师一样。故选D项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“According to a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers suggest dolphins that hunt with humans have increased survival rates over those that don’t. These cooperative dolphins are more likely to stay near the shore, reducing their chance of entanglement (缠住) in illegal fishing gear. (根据《美国国家科学院院刊》（Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences）发表的一项研究，研究人员认为与人类一起狩猎的海豚相比，其生存率更高。这些合作的海豚更有可能留在海岸附近，减少被非法渔具缠住的机会。)”可知，海豚和渔民一起工作时，他们可以避免潜在的风险或危险。故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Other populations of dolphins have also been known to cooperate with human fishers, herding fish toward shore or into nets off eastern Australia, Mauritania, and Southeast Asia. (其他海豚群体也已知与人类渔民进行合作，在澳大利亚东部、毛里塔尼亚和东南亚的海域，它们会将鱼群赶向岸边或者驱至渔网中)”结合全文可知，本文作者想表达海豚是合作的动物。故选A项。 D Egypt’s Great Pyramids at Giza exist on a remote area of land at the edge of the Sahara Desert. The inhospitable location has long puzzled archaeologists, some of whom had found evidence that the Nile River once flowed near these pyramids in some capacity, promoting the landmarks’ construction starting 4,700 years ago. Using satellite imaging and analysis of cores of sediment (沉积物), a new study published in the journal Communications Earth& Environment has mapped a 64-kilometer-long, dried-up branch of the Nile, long buried beneath farmland and desert. Lead author Eman Ghoneim said previous efforts to reconstruct Nile waterways were largely limited to soil sample collections from small sites, mapping only small sections. “This is the first study to provide a map of the long- lost ancient branch of the Nile River,” she noted. Ghoneim and her team called this extinct branch Ahramat, Arabic for pyramids. It was about 0.5 km wide and at least 25 meters deep, similar to the current Nile. “The large size and extended length of the Ahramat Branch and its proximity (邻近) to the 31 pyramids in the study area strongly suggest a functional waterway of great importance,” Ghoneim said. She thought the river would have played a key role in ancient Egyptians’ transportation of the enormous amount of building materials and laborers needed for the pyramids’ construction. Ghoneim, born and raised in Egypt, was always curious about the pyramids’ construction site. She investigated with NSF funding and found geophysical data confirming it was an ancient Nile arm. Earth cores revealed sandy sediment, consistent with a river channel at 25 meters’ depth. The study suggests “countless” temples may be buried along the Ahramat Branch’s riverbank. Why the river dried up remains unclear, but a likely cause is a period of drought and desertification. 12. What does the underlined word in paragraph l probably mean? A. Unapproachable. B. Unlivable. C. Inhabitable. D. Unavailable. 13. What did the previous studies on the Nile River focus on? A. The Great Pyramids of Giza. B. The entire Nile River system. C. Soil sample collections from small sites. D. The dryness of the Nile River branch. 14. What does Ghoneim think about the Ahramat Branch? A. It was not important to ancient Egyptians. B. It was the main waterway of the Nile River. C. It dried up due to the digging of the pyramids. D. It played a key role in the construction of the pyramids. 15. What is the best title of the passage? A. Lost branch of the Nile River B. The mystery of the remote land C. The Nile River’s role in ancient Egypt D. The construction of the Great Pyramids 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项新研究绘制了一条位于研究区域内31座金字塔附近的尼罗河干枯支流，首次为这条消失已久的尼罗河古支流提供地图的研究，强烈表明它是一条非常重要的功能性水道。 【12题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Egypt’s Great Pyramids at Giza exist on a remote area of land at the edge of the Sahara Desert.(埃及吉萨大金字塔位于撒哈拉沙漠边缘的一个偏远地区。)”以及划线词下文“location has long puzzled archaeologists (这个位置长期以来一直困扰着考古学家)”可推知，埃及吉萨大金字塔位于撒哈拉沙漠边缘的一个偏远地区，是不适宜居住的。故划线词与B选项“Unlivable.(不适合居住的)”为同义词。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Lead author Eman Ghoneim said previous efforts to reconstruct Nile waterways were largely limited to soil sample collections from small sites, mapping only small sections.( 主要发起人Eman Ghoneim表示，之前对尼罗河水道的重建工作大多局限于从小型地点收集土壤样本，只绘制了小段地图。)”可知，以前重建尼罗河水道的努力主要局限于从小地点收集土壤样本。故选C。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“She thought the river would have played a key role in ancient Egyptians’ transportation of the enormous amount of building materials and laborers needed for the pyramids’ construction.( 她认为这条河在古埃及人运输建造金字塔所需的大量建筑材料和劳动力的过程中发挥了关键作用。)”可知，这条河在古埃及人运输建造金字塔所需的大量建筑材料和劳动力方面发挥了关键作用。故选D。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述的是一项新研究绘制了一条位于研究区域内31座金字塔附近的尼罗河干枯支流，首次为这条消失已久的尼罗河古支流提供地图的研究，强烈表明它是一条非常重要的功能性水道。A选项“Lost branch of the Nile River(尼罗河失去的分支)”概括文章主要内容，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 10. 24-25 南京、镇江、徐州等十校联盟 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C In February 1970, a ragbag of hippies and activists gathered in Vancouver, Canada to discuss a planned nuclear test on the Alaskan island of Amchitka. They eventually agreed to sail to the test site and protest against the explosion in person. At the end of the meeting, the chairman raised two fingers to the room and shouted “Peace!”. After a brief pause, one young attendee responded with a now immortal line: “Let’s make that a green peace”. Over the last 50 years, the environmental movement has become so closely associated with the colour green that it’s almost impossible to see a green poster, label or recycling bag without thinking about our planet’s future. But though that connection is the product of a very recent crisis, its origins go back some way. We have identified green with nature and its processes for thousands of years. Indeed, the very word “green” comes from the ancient Proto-Indo-European word ghre, meaning “grow”. The human species, which emerged in the verdant forests and savannas of Africa about 300,000 years ago, has a special biological bond with green. Our eyes might even have evolved specifically to see the chlorophyll (叶绿素) in plants. With the advent of agriculture, we started to use green as a symbol for nature and its processes. The ancient Egyptians, who were farming the banks of the Nile from about 8000BCE, likewise identified their crops with green. Their term for the colour was wadj, which also meant “flourish”. All over the world, people communed with nature through green materials. Jade, for instance, was used to make objects that would guarantee a successful harvest. The Maya buried their leaders with jade death masks for precisely this reason. Western societies took longer to embrace the beauty of nature, and by extension, green. But by the second half of the Middle Ages, European writers were infusing the colour with their new- found faith in the landscape, connecting it to fertility, growth, spring, hope and joy. By the end of the 17th Century, English poets were beginning to realise, as we do today, that green spaces can be profoundly therapeutic (有疗效的). While the future of our planet remains uncertain, many scientists are convinced that leaves, and the miraculous green pigment (色素) that lurks within them, will prove to be a decisive weapon in our battle against climate change. This is as it should be. After all, for early farmers waiting for shoots to emerge from the soil, and for modern-day activists determined to bring about a sustainable future, green was, and is, a colour of hope—the hope that, after a long, cold winter or a drought-ridden summer, the arrival of chlorophyll will promise a new beginning. 8. What happened after hippies and activists ended the gathering in Vancouver in 1970? A. They launched a peace campaign. B. They discussed a planned nuclear test. C. They spread an immortal peace slogan. D. They prevented all the government's nuclear tests. 9. What is a similarity between the ancient Egyptians and the Maya regarding green? A. Both cultures built a complex web of religious beliefs. B. They both associated the color green with their leaders. C. Both used the color green as a symbol of military power. D. They both had specific symbols for green related to harvest. 10. What can be inferred according to the text? A. The Proto-Indo-Europeans were the first to start environmental protection. B. Ancient humans had a more advanced visual system than modern humans. C. Western societies went through a slow and progressive recognition of nature. D. Language evolution reflects the links between green and the environmental movement. 11. How do you understand the underlined phrase “a decisive weapon” in the last paragraph? A. Green is a color that makes people feel good but has no practical value. B. Green is a symbol used by environmental activists to promote their ideas. C. The pigment can directly absorb all greenhouse gases and solve the climate problem. D. The pigment in leaves and the symbolic associations of the colour green with hope count. 【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。它结合了历史叙述、文化分析和科学解释，以阐述绿色与环境保护、自然以及人类历史之间的紧密联系。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“In February 1970, a ragbag of hippies and activists gathered in Vancouver, Canada to discuss a planned nuclear test on the Alaskan island of Amchitka. They eventually agreed to sail to the test site and protest against the explosion in person. At the end of the meeting, the chairman raised two fingers to the room and shouted “Peace! ”. After a brief pause, one young attendee responded with a now immortal line: “Let’s make that a green peace”.(1970年2月，一群嬉皮士和激进分子聚集在加拿大温哥华，讨论在阿拉斯加阿姆奇特卡岛进行核试验的计划。他们最终同意乘船前往试验场，亲自抗议爆炸。会议结束时，主席向房间里举起两根手指，喊道：“和平！”。在短暂的停顿之后，一位年轻的与会者回应说：“让我们实现绿色和平。”)”可知，嬉皮士和激进分子在1970年结束温哥华的集会后发起了一场和平运动。故选A项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The ancient Egyptians, who were farming the banks of the Nile from about 8000BCE, likewise identified their crops with green. Their term for the colour was wadj, which also meant “flourish”.(从公元前8000年开始在尼罗河沿岸耕作的古埃及人同样用绿色来标识他们的作物。他们对这种颜色的称呼是“wadj”，也有“繁盛”的意思)”以及第五段“All over the world, people communed with nature through green materials. Jade, for instance, was used to make objects that would guarantee a successful harvest. The Maya buried their leaders with jade death masks for precisely this reason.(在世界各地，人们通过绿色材料与自然交流。例如，玉石被用来制作保证丰收的物品。玛雅人用玉死亡面具埋葬他们的领袖正是出于这个原因)”可知，古埃及人和玛雅人都将绿色与丰收联系起来，古埃及人称绿色为“wadj”，意为“繁荣”，而玛雅人则将玉作为保证丰收的材料。故选D项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“Western societies took longer to embrace the beauty of nature, and by extension, green. But by the second half of the Middle Ages, European writers were infusing the colour with their new-found faith in the landscape, connecting it to fertility, growth, spring, hope and joy. By the end of the 17th Century, English poets were beginning to realise, as we do today, that green spaces can be profoundly therapeutic (有疗效的).(西方社会花了更长的时间才接受自然之美，进而接受绿色。但到了中世纪下半叶，欧洲作家将他们对风景的新信仰注入了这种颜色，将其与肥沃、生长、春天、希望和喜悦联系起来。到17世纪末，英国诗人开始意识到，就像我们今天所做的那样，绿色空间可以具有深刻的治疗作用)”可推知，西方社会经历了一个缓慢而渐进的认识自然的过程。故选C项。 【11题详解】 词句猜测题。根据后文“After all, for early farmers waiting for shoots to emerge from the soil, and for modern-day activists determined to bring about a sustainable future, green was, and is, a colour of hope—the hope that, after a long, cold winter or a drought-ridden summer, the arrival of chlorophyll will promise a new beginning.(毕竟，对于早期等待嫩芽从土壤中冒出来的农民，对于决心实现可持续未来的现代活动家来说，绿色过去是，现在也是希望的颜色——希望在漫长寒冷的冬天或干旱的夏天之后，叶绿素的到来将预示着一个新的开始)”可知，绿色过去是，现在也是希望的颜色，叶绿素的到来将预示着一个新的开始，推知a decisive weapon指的是叶子中的色素以及绿色所代表的希望。故选D项。 D Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today, thousands of years later. Roman engineers built thick concrete sea barriers, for example. And Chinese builders raised walls against invaders. But there are many recent structures that are already starting to fail. The concrete that makes up much of our modern world lasts around 50 to 100 years. A growing number of scientists have been studying materials from long ago. They are breaking apart pieces of buildings and reading historical texts hoping to learn how they have stood for thousands of years. The research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings. They include tree bark, volcanic ash, rice, beer and even urine (尿液). These unexpected materials could have the ability to get stronger over time and “heal” cracks when they form. Figuring out how to copy these features could have real impacts today. While our modern concrete has the strength to hold up very tall skyscrapers (摩天大楼) and heavy infrastructure (基础结构), it cannot compete with the endurance of these ancient materials. With the rising threats of climate change, there is a growing call to make construction more sustainable. A recent UN report estimates that the built environment is responsible for more than a third of carbon dioxide emissions worldwide. Cement (水泥) production alone makes up more than 7 percent of those emissions. Is ancient Roman concrete better? In places where seawater has been hitting structures for ages, you will find concrete “basically the way it was when it was poured 2,000 years ago,” said John Oleson, an archaeologist at the University of Victoria in Canada. Most modern concrete starts with Portland cement, a powder made by heating limestone (石灰岩) and clay to super-high temperatures and breaking them up. That cement is mixed with water to create a paste. Then, materials like rock and gravel are added. Records from ancient builders show the Roman process was similar. The ancient builders mixed materials like burnt limestone and volcanic sand with water and rocks, creating chemical reactions to tie everything together. Now, scientists think they have found an important reason why some Roman concrete has held up structures for thousands of years. The ancient material has an unusual power to repair itself. Exactly how is not yet clear, so scientists are starting to find reasons why. 12. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By making a comparison. B. By using a metaphor. C. By listing statistics. D. By telling stories. 13. Which aspect of ancient Roman building materials surprises scientists? A. Their high-end technology. B. Their processing procedure. C. Their amazing flexibility. D. Their necessary ingredients. 14. Which might be the impact of studying ancient building materials? A. Reducing the greenhouse effects. B. Innovating the construction process. C. Increasing the mass production of cement. D. Removing the threats of the climate change. 15. What does the author intend to tell us? A. The urgency of tackling the environmental crisis. B. The secrets of long-standing ancient Roman buildings. C. The similarities between modern and Roman concrete. D. The breakthrough in repairing ancient Roman architecture. 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家研究了世界上一些古代建筑屹立上千年而不倒的原因。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today, thousands of years later. (世界各地的古代建设者创造了数千年后仍然屹立不倒的建筑。)”和“But there are many recent structures that are already starting to fail. The concrete that makes up much of our modern world lasts around 50 to 100 years. (但有许多最近的建筑已经开始倒塌。构成我们现代世界大部分的混凝土可以使用大约50到100年。)”可知，第一段对比了古代建筑和现代建筑的持久性，古代建筑能够屹立上千年，而现代建筑则只能持续50到100年，接着第二段前两句“A growing number of scientists have been studying materials from long ago. They are breaking apart pieces of buildings and reading historical texts hoping to learn how they have stood for thousands of years. (越来越多的科学家一直在研究很久以前的材料。他们正在拆开建筑碎片，阅读历史文献，希望了解它们是如何屹立数千年的。)”讲述了科学家研究为什么古代建筑能够持久。由此可推测出，第一段进行对比是为了引出接下来的话题。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings. They include tree bark, volcanic ash, rice, beer and even urine (尿液). (这项研究发现了一份令人惊讶的旧建筑材料清单。它们包括树皮、火山灰、大米、啤酒甚至尿液。)”可知，科学家们发现了旧建筑材料中令人惊讶的成分。故选D。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Figuring out how to copy these features could have real impacts today. While our modern concrete has the strength to hold up very tall skyscrapers (摩天大楼) and heavy infrastructure (基础结构), it cannot compete with the endurance of these ancient materials. With the rising threats of climate change, there is a growing call to make construction more sustainable. A recent UN report estimates that the built environment is responsible for more than a third of carbon dioxide emissions worldwide. Cement (水泥) production alone makes up more than 7 percent of those emissions.(弄清楚如何复制这些特征可能会对今天产生真正的影响。虽然我们的现代混凝土的强度可以支撑非常高的摩天大楼和重型基础设施，但它无法与这些古老材料的耐久性竞争。随着气候变化的威胁日益加剧，越来越多的人呼吁提高建筑的可持续性。联合国最近的一份报告估计，建筑环境占全球二氧化碳排放量的三分之一以上。仅水泥生产就占这些排放的7%以上。)”可知，研究古代建筑材料的影响有助于减少温室气体。故选A。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，根据文中的“structures”“materials”“modern concrete”“Roman concrete”等关键词和最后一段中的“Now, scientists think they have found an important reason why some Roman concrete has held up structures for thousands of years.(现在，科学家们认为他们已经找到了一些罗马混凝土支撑结构数千年的重要原因。)”可知，本文主要围绕古代建筑持久的原因展开，讲述了古代和现代建筑的持久性和建筑材料，由此可推测出，文章的目的是揭示古老的古罗马建筑的秘密。故选B。 11. 24-25 扬州中学 高二上 第二次月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、 C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett — “Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory. However, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad. Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism. “Most of us picture ourselves as competent people, so when external feedback suggests otherwise, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The casiest way out is to deny or explain away the external signal, so we can reduce the inconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.” If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don’t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if a publisher rejects the first submission of your manuscript. “We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’,” Sjastad says. It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve. Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals. 8. Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in paragraph 1? A. To offer an example to handle failure. B. To share a positive attitude towards failure. C. To describe a common understanding of failure. D. To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure. 9. What can we learn from the paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”? A. It protects us from false feedback. B. It pictures us as competitive people. C. It poses a severe threat to self-image. D. It denies negative feedback to ourselves. 10. What is the author’s attitude towards failure? A. Short-sighted. B. Wait-and-see. C. Objectiv$ 25-26 高二上 第二次月考复习 --- 阅读理解CD 目录 1. 24-25 苏州 星海实验中学 高二上 12月月考 2. 24-25 苏州 工业园区西安交通大学苏州附属中学 高二上 12月月考 3. 24-25 苏州 高新区苏州实验中学 高二上 12月月考 4. 24-25 苏州 姑苏区苏州大学附属中学 高二上 12月月考 5. 24-25 苏州 姑苏区苏州中学 高二上 12月月考 6. 24-25 南通 海安高级中学 高二上 12月月考 7. 24-25 南通 海安市实验中学 高二上 12月月考 8. 24-25 启东中学 高二上 12月月考 9. 24-25通州高级中学 高二上 第二次阶段性检测 10. 24-25南京、镇江、徐州等十校联盟 高二上 12月月考 11. 24-25 扬州中学 高二上 第二次月考 12. 24-25 苏州市吴江区震泽中学 高二上 12月月考 1. 24-25 苏州 星海实验中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C When you see someone take that first sip of freshly made milk tea, their faces look like pure joy. Across the world, customers flock to their favorite spots to meet with friends and savor sips of these tasty drinks. In the early 2000s, though, milk tea was just coming on the scene. The few brands that earned a foothold in the industry were concerned: Would milk tea just be another fad (一时风尚) food? And with so much new excitement for this product, would people be able to distinguish milk tea companies? These were the questions that Serenitea, a Manila- based milk-tea company, faced in2014. While successfully opening 60 stores, they found themselves in a strategic fog. Unsure of what consumers truly felt towards the drink, they offered as many flavors as possible. They also had no clear definition of how they were distinct — their brand promise, product line, and product packaging all seemed nearly identical to their competitors. How could they define themselves, in a way that would deeply resonate? Like Airbnb, Serenitea partnered with an agency, CIA Bootleg Manila, which specializes in drilling down to the deep consumer “why”. The agency conducted a series of psychological-based market research. Specifically, they probed the consumer’s deeper, emotional connections to milk tea, including their earliest childhood memories of milk and tea. Their research revealed that milk tea triggered three consistent psychological responses. People connected to milk through the concept of nurturing; they fondly remembered their childhood and being cared for by their mothers. Next, consumers connected tea to its healing properties; respondents would recall receiving tea when they had indigestion problems or seeing their parents drinking herbal tea for health reasons. Lastly, they associated milk tea itself with teenage fun: a guilty pleasure of their youth. They had uncovered the three psychological cornerstones of the milk tea experience: nurturing, healing, and teenage fun. This set of insights was crucial. By including them into the core of their brand strategy, they charted an entirely new path. 8. What do the underlined words “earned a foothold” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Made an adjustment. B. Won a position. C. Lost the initiative. D. Achieved a breakthrough. 9. What was Serenitea’s main concern in 2014? A. Being confused with other brands. B. The rapid growth of milk tea brands. C. The possibility of milk tea catching on. D. Falling behind the changing consumer tastes. 10. What did CIA Bootleg Manila specialize in? A. Product packaging design. B. Market expansion strategies. C. Analysis of customer psychology. D. Flavor innovation and development. 11. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. A New Path to Business Success B. Three Cornerstones of Milk Tea C. Sharing the Pure Joy of Milk Tea D. Revealing Milk Tea Psychology D When drones (无人机)first became widely available around 15 years ago, it wasn’t uncommon to find tech people painting dramatic pictures of how they were soon going to change the world. However, if you look up into the largely empty sky, you can see that hasn’t happened yet. Sure, drones are useful for taking aerial (空中的) photos, but we’re a long way away from aerial superhighways, packed with autonomous drones carrying parcels at speeds that are near-impossible on the ground. In 2016, Amazon announced it had completed its first ever aerial delivery. In a video, we saw an Amazon “Prime Air” drone pick up a parcel and fly it across the countryside landing in the buyer’s garden, dropping the parcel, and then returning to its home base. But Amazon still hasn’t completed its second drone delivery. In fact, it has reportedly downsized the drone program. So, will drone delivery ever be a thing? There are some indications of a possible drone delivery future not in Britain, but in Africa, Because also since 2016, rural hospitals in Rwanda have been receiving regular shipments of medical supplies by drone thanks to a company called Zipline. It surely has saved lives, thanks to the speed at which blood can be delivered in a country with a poorly developed road network. So could we ever expect such a system here? Unfortunately, there’s a big difference between rural Africa and thickly populated Britain. British homes don’t have large gardens where to land and nobody wants loud large drones constantly landing around the neighborhood. Another reality is that British cities may still have security and safety concerns about routinely having drones carrying stuff over our heads. That’s why I wonder if the real drone future could be crawling (爬) along the ground. For a few years, “autonomous delivery robots” with wheels have been walking on the pavements. So perhaps we’re not so far away from a drone delivery future, but the reality might be a little bit more down to earth. 12. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A. Drones are widely used in daily life. B. Drones have made delivery efficient. C. Drones are designed to take aerial photos. D. Drones haven’t changed the world as expected. 13. Why does the author mention Zipline’s drone delivery? A. To explain the process of drone delivery. B. To stress the benefits brought by drone delivery. C. To discuss the possibility of a drone delivery future. D. To show its advantages over Amazon’s drone delivery. 14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. The security and safety concerns about drones. B. The ways that British people react to drone delivery. C. The differences between African countries and Britain. D. The reasons why drone delivery isn’t suitable for Britain. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. Pie in the Sky B. Drone Application at Risk C. Robots on the Road D. Aerial Delivery in Progress 2. 24-25 苏州 工业园区西安交通大学苏州附属中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项. C Wake up energetically at 6 am, exercise for over an hour after freshening up, and study productively throughout the day. This daily routine is frequently featured in vlogs on social media with the theme of “self-discipline (自律)”. But when trying out such a schedule, many of us may feel exhausted. Is it just because we are lazy? Why do some people seem to have so much energy? Genetic differences, to start with, can significantly influence our energy levels. A tiny part in our DNA called SNPs can help to explain 8.4 percent of fatigue (疲劳) cases, according to a 2018 study. A study published in the journal Nature reported that, in general, genes affect tiredness by an amount ranging from 6 to 50 percent. Nevertheless, there’s a whole lot more you can explore about your energy levels. The food you eat gives you energy. However, there’s an often-ignored element-Vitamin D. A study published in 2019 in the journal Nutrients noted that older adults with reduced vitamin D levels experienced fatigue more than those with normal levels. You can get a sufficient amount of it by sunbathing or consuming enough Vitamin-D-rich foods, such as fish, eggs and milk. Another analysis published in Nutrients found that eating foods high in saturated fat (饱和脂肪) is linked to excessive daytime sleepiness. These foods probably include some of your favorites: butter, cheese, ice cream, and fried foods. Even if a workout leaves you sweaty and out of breath, exercise can actually increase your energy. “When you exercise, you release hormones like adrenaline (肾上腺素),” Sabrena Jo, an expert at the American Council on Exercise, told the Health website. “This hormone actually tells our bodies to ignore feelings of pain and fatigue while enhancing blood flow to large muscles.” This “excitement” in your body can last for several hours. Exercise helps, but only to a point. Those who exercise too frequently may experience negative impacts on their energy levels. It’s also important to note that low energy levels could be your body’s way of telling you that you have an underlying problem. Iron deficiency (缺铁) and anemia (贫血) are two examples of health conditions that can increase fatigue. 8. Why do some people seem to have more energy than others, according to the text? A. They are strict with themselves. B. They follow a disciplined routine. C. They are born naturally energetic. D. They have more SNPs to stay active. 9. What can we learn about Vitamin D? A. We can get it by bathing in the sun. B. Its levels are definitely lower in older adults. C. Its effect on our energy is universally recognized. D. The larger amount of it we get, the more energetic we will be. 10. What can be inferred about the effect of exercise on our energy levels? A. It reduces the body’s need for rest. B. It constantly boosts our energy levels. C. It can lead to tiredness if done too often. D. It slows down the release of adrenaline. 11. What might it indicate if you constantly feel low on energy? A. You are simply lazy and lack motivation. B. You may have some health issue that needs attention. C. You must adjust your diet and increase vitamin D intake. D. You should surely exercise more to boost your energy levels. D Most people hate mosquitoes — but scientists are about to build a “mosquito factory” to release modified mosquitoes. The modified mosquitoes carry a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis (沃尔巴克氏菌), which can be naturally found in most insect species. However, it’s rarely discovered in mosquitoes. “We actually grow these mosquitoes that contain the bacterium,” Scott O’Neill, an Australian scientist who is involved in the project, told CBC News. When the modified mosquitoes are released, they slowly spread the bacterium to the population. Several studies have demonstrated the insects’ success. For example, a controlled experiment in Indonesia showed that the modified insect helped reduce the cases of the disease dengue (登革热) by 77 percent, according to a study paper published in 2021. The World Mosquito Program has announced that it will release modified mosquitoes in many of Brazil’s urban areas over the next 10 years. The aim is to protect up to 70 million people from diseases such as dengue, a disease mainly spread by mosquitoes. Dengue patients may have mild symptoms (症状) like fever, but severe cases can lead to death. Brazil has one of the highest rates of dengue infection in the world, according to the Nature website. “More than 1,000 people died of dengue in 2022 because of the spread of mosquitoes. It’s going everywhere,” Luciano Moreira, a scientist at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, told CBC News. Another way to prevent mosquitoes from spreading diseases is by producing genetically modified (GM，转基因的) mosquitoes. In 2022, the US Environmental Protection Agency cleared the release of 2.4 billion GM mosquitoes in California and Florida. According to the agency, GM mosquitoes carry two types of genes: a self-limiting gene that prevents female offspring (后代) from surviving to adulthood; and a marker gene that allows researchers to identify GM ones in the wild. After being released, GM mosquitoes lay eggs, so the genes are passed on to offspring. In this way, the number of female mosquitoes is reduced, therefore reducing the chance of spreading disease. 12. Why are the modified mosquitoes grown according to Scott O’Neill? A. To prevent mosquitoes from biting people. B. To make money for the scientists involved. C. To reduce the number of insects in the world. D. To spread a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis. 13. What can we learn about the release of modified mosquitoes in Brazil? A. The decision to do so is only based on scientific research. B. The program will immediately reduce dengue cases by 77%. C. The high infection rate of dengue in Brazil is a key factor to it. D. The program aims to remove dengue completely within the next decade. 14. What does the underlined word “cleared” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Permitted. B. Removed. C. Disturbed. D. Restricted. 15. What might be the best title for the text? A. The Benefits of Mosquitoes B. Modified Mosquitoes to Fight Diseases C. The World Mosquito Program’s Success D. Genetic Engineering in Medical Research 3. 24-25 苏州 高新区苏州实验中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C South Korea plans to build the world’s largest spokeless (无辐条的) Ferris wheel, offering impressive views of its capital by 2025. The Seoul Ring breaks away from traditional appearances of Ferris wheels thanks to innovative technology. Its development will take place at a former landfill site in Haneul Park-described as a “gateway to Seoul” by the Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG). In an announcement earlier this month, the government said, “Not only will the Seoul Ring serve as an entertainment facility, but it will also become a cultural complex that provides visitors with an opportunity to experience the historical meaning of Nanjido. In addition, it will provide a variety of festivals, cultural and tourism programs, and a place for communication.” Through the Seoul Ring, visitors will have the opportunity to have a look at the sights of the Han River, downtown Seoul, Namsan Mountain, and even Bukhan Mountain. The location was picked out from a number of alternative options including Nodeul Island, Yeouido Park, and Jamsil. But Haneul Park was eventually chosen for its “symbolism of inter-Korean harmony”. The wheel will reportedly host 36 carriages that can each be filled with 25 people. The SMG and international experts will ensure that the ring is safe and structurally sound. It will also incorporate (包含) green technologies which are in line with climate change. The proposal by UN Studio includes plans for a monorail connecting the subway station to the site, enhancing accessibility. The SMG said, “The Seoul Ring is expected to serve as the city’s new landmark that enhances its global position while also developing the local tourism. In addition, it is the best place to realize the city’s vision of finding harmony among citizens, the planet, the future, and the environment.” Ben van Berkel comments: “Located in the heart of the city, this spokeless design highlights Korea’s boundless ambition for innovation and spirit of progress, seamlessly blending cutting-edge technology with a timeless appreciation for stability and beauty.” 8. Which of the following can best describe the Seoul Ring? A. Entertaining and historic. B. Complex but accessible. C. Innovative and eco-friendly. D. Traditional but impressive. 9. Why was Haneul Park chosen as the location of the Seoul Ring? A. It has a stable source of tourists. B. It is a sign of unity and harmony. C. It is convenient for accessibility. D. It can use green technologies. 10. What is one of the reasons for South Korea’s building the Seoul Ring? A. To show its innovative technology. B. To raise Seoul’s international fame. C. To make Seoul the cultural center. D. To speed its economic development. 11. What is the best title of the text? A. Korea’s economic recovery plan B. The Seoul Ring’s design concept C. Korea’s ambition for wheel innovation D. The largest spokeless wheel to be built D Deep in the Pacific Ocean, an underwater “superhighway” stretches roughly 700 kilometers between the marine reserves of Ecuador’s Galapagos Islands and Cocos Island, off the coast of Costa Rica. It’s important to the sea life that moves back and forth between the islands. But the route is in danger since it is also open to fishing boats. To protect marine life, MigraMar, an environmental group, is working to change the entire “superhighway” into a marine protected area, an area that will stretch 240,000 square kilometers, about the size of the UK. For more than ten years, scientists of MigraMar have been trying to prove the importance of the “superhighway” by documenting the species that use it. They have placed satellite and ultrasonic tags (超声波追踪器) on almost 400 marine organisms to track their migratory routes (迁徙路线). So far, they have successfully tracked the migration of whale sharks, hammerhead sharks, silky sharks, etc. between the two islands. MigraMar has produced a document stressing the need to protect the “superhighway”, calling for it to stop people from fishing there or allow only sustainable and seasonal fishing. The document has raised a storm of protest in the fishing industry in both countries. However, in the long term this protected “superhighway” will have a positive impact on fishing. Fish can grow and reproduce there, causing the overall amount to increase and more fish to become available outside the protected area. It could also have economic benefits in other industries. For example, preserving iconic sea life could protect tourism. Both Costa Rica and Ecuador are currently considering plans to protect the “superhighway”. They have mapped out a strategy to create and strengthen marine protected areas “We’re hopeful that action will be taken in the near future,” says Steiner, one of the founding members of MigraMar, but he also warns that some species are facing extinction. “We’ve taken baby steps,” he says, “but these species are in great danger.” 12. What do we know about the underwater “superhighway”? A. It belongs to Costa Rica. B. It is under threat from boats. C. It is a land wildlife reserve. D. It is about the size of the UK. 13. Why do scientists track the migratory routes of many marine organisms? A. To test the function of satellite and ultrasonic tags. B. To confirm the importance of the “superhighway”. C. To protect sharks migrating between the two islands. D. To stop people from fishing near the “superhighway” 14. What does paragraph 3 focus on? A. The benefits of protecting the “superhighway”. B. The strong protest from the fishing industry. C. The need of sustainable and seasonal fishing. D. The document of forbidding illegal fishing. 15. What can we infer from Steiner’s words? A. Marine reserves are created. B. The “superhighway” is safe. C. Many species have died out. D. Governments need to act fast. 4. 24-25 苏州 姑苏区苏州大学附属中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读理解 C The Malagasy baobab trees, a typical feature of Madagascar’s landscape, should have disappeared long ago due to the extinction of its former seed-distributing animals. However, it did not. Seheno Andriantsaralaza at the University of Antananarivo in Madagascar and Onja Razafindratsima at the University of California, Berkeley, now think they may know the reason why. Together with their colleagues, the scientists monitored 15 trees in a western region of Madagascar, to find new baobad seed-distributing animals in a western Madagascar region. The researchers also set up camera traps around seed-containing fruits lying on the ground, and searched any dung (粪便) that they encountered along the way for the presence of seeds. They report in the journal Biotropica that a native rat was caught on camera handling whole fruits on four occasions, but there was no record of the rat breaking the fruit open. The team also found 13 fruits that had been chewed into and had their seeds removed. Though the bite marks were not clear enough to identify a culprit (肇事者), this was clear evidence that a seed-distributing animal was out there. They then found convincing evidence: baobab seeds in seven different piles of bush-pig faces. The discovery is not without irony (讽刺). Scientists believe bush pigs were brought to Madagascar by humans sometime between 1, 000 and 5, 000 years ago, just as the former seed-distributing animals were going extinct. Their arrival was a lucky break for the baobabs, especially as scientists have determined a seed’s journey through the pig-like digestive system doesn’t reduce its ability to grow. While the finding is important in its own right, it also provides valuable evidence that introduced species may not be entirely harmful. Madagascar’s pigs, for example, though not native, have made themselves essential to the survival of truly native species. Similar relationships are suspected to hold in South America between rabbits native to Europe and plants with no seed distributors. For Dr. Andriantsaralaza, that suggests the full ecological role of introduced species should be considered before talk of extinction begins. 8. What is the study aimed at? A. Monitoring endangered baobab trees. B. Preserving the landscape of Madagascar. C. Investigating how animals distribute seeds. D. Discovering why baobab trees still exist. 9. What led the scientists to identify the real culprit? A. The clear bite marks on the fruits. B. The number of fruits broken open. C. Where the removed baobab seeds lay. D. How a native rat handled whole fruits. 10. What is the writer’s attitude towards introduced species? A. Dismissive. B. Indifferent. C. Doubtful D. Objective. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Baobabs, seed distributors. B. Fruit seeds, environmental protectors. C. Bush pigs, species savers. D. Introduced species, culprit of extinction. D In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money,” as well as unusually high salaries or suspiciously cheap services, because they seem “too good to be true.” In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely – compared with about 20 percent of those offered $5 as well. Nine further experiments, involving more than 4,000 participants, used online questionnaires to present other scenarios. These included being offered money to accept a ride home, extremely high construction-job wages and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain point, higher potential monetary gain reduced participants’ likelihood of accepting the offer. The study lead author Vonasch says it illustrates that contrary to the “standard economic model,” which supposes humans always seek to maximize gains, transactions need to also be understood as social interactions between people trying to understand each other’s minds. If someone seems to break accepted rules, such as self-interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be “phantom costs” – imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s “psychological value.” Factors beyond the present moment may come into play. “Understanding that others’ perceived over-generosity may put us in their debt could also help explain people’s reluctance,” says Rachel McCloy, a psychologist at England’s University of Reading. The researchers also showed how to mitigate the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal. The “cheap flights” experiment included a condition where the seats were revealed to be very uncomfortable. “Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point,” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was sufficient explanation.” The scientists are now experimenting with whether phantom costs play into humans’ interactions with robots and artificial intelligence. “If AI is overly generous, will people imagine phantom costs?” Vonasch says. “People tend to treat AI as if they have a mind, when obviously they don’t.” 12. According to paragraph 2, the experiments mainly focus on people’s . A. Thinking method. B. Decision making. C. Financial condition. D. Potential ability. 13. Why does the author mention “standard economic model”? A. To explain the experiments further. B. To clarify a psychological concept. C. To provide evidence for the study. D. To express doubt on the experiments. 14. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Analyse. B. Improve. C. Measure. D. Lessen. 15. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Phantom costs: Where “standard economic model” doesn’t work. B. Phantom costs: Whether people’s likelihood of accepting an offer reduces. C. Phantom costs: Why “too good to be true” scares people off. D. Phantom costs: How imagined consequences prevent hidden motives. 5. 24-25 苏州 姑苏区苏州中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。 C For many, travel isn’t just about the destination—it’s about making the most of the journey. However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness. If you’ve ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you are not alone. Recognizing this common issue, Apple has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution: the Vehicle Motion Cues feature for iPhones and iPads. Motion sickness occurs when there is a disconnect between what your eyes see and what your body feels. When you’re in a moving vehicle, your body senses motion through its vestibular system(the inner ear), but if your eyes are focused on a still screen that doesn’t reflect this movement, the brain receives mixed signals. This sensory conflict can lead to dizziness, nausea, and overall discomfort — symptoms all too familiar to motion sickness sufferers. Apple’s new Vehicle Motion Cues feature is designed to bridge this gap and bring relief to those likely to experience motion sickness. This revolutionary feature works by displaying animated dots, around the edges of your screen, which move at the same time and speed as the motion of your vehicle. These moving cues help keep the motion your body feels in line with what your eyes see, effectively reducing the sensory mismatch that causes motion sickness. The magic lies in the simplicity and effectiveness. The animated dots move in consistency with the vehicle’s motion, providing a visual representation of the movement your body is experiencing. By matching the visual input with the physical sensations of motion, your brain is less likely to experience the confusion that leads to sickness. Early reports and user feedback indicate that Vehicle Motion Cues is receiving high praise for its effectiveness. So next time you embark on a journey, whether short or long, remember that Apple’s got your back — or rather, your brain helping you make the most of every mile with ease and comfort. 8. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The principle of Apples new design. B. The cause of motion sickness. C. The functions of Apple’s new design. D. The symptoms of motion sickness. 9. What does the underlined phrase “this gap” in paragraph 3 refer to according to the text? A. The difference between the brain signals and the inner ear perception. B. The disconnect between visual input and physical feelings of motion. C. The difference between sensory conflicts and motion sickness. D. The disconnect between a still screen and the moving vehicle. 10. By displaying animated dots around the screen, Apple’s Vehicle Motion Cues is able to__________. A. ease sensory conflicts in the brain B. tell the mismatched physical sensations C. balance the movement of our eyes and body D. increase the effectiveness of vehicle motion 11. Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Enjoy Your Reading: Apple offers a Revolutionary Solution B. Find the Magic of a Moving Vehicle: Apple’s Got Your Back C. Make the Most of Your Body Movement: Apple Bridges the Gap D. Say Goodbye to Motion Sickness: Apple Introduces Its New Design D Aircraft are some of the most complex vehicles out there, which need a great energy supply. If you tried to design an airplane supported by today’s batteries, you would have to take out all the passengers and goods and fill that space with batteries just to fly for under an hour. Jet fuel can hold about 50 times more energy compared to batteries per unit mass. To close that gap, we need to make batteries lighter in the future. New batteries are being developed, but they aren’t yet ready for providing any aircraft with energy independently. However, we can get some benefits by using hybrid propulsion systems (混合驱动系统). Hybrid aircraft use a combination of batteries and jet fuels. Using batteries as a power assist during takeoff and climb is a very promising option. Taxiing (滑行) to the runway by using just electric power could also save a significant amount of jet fuel. There is a sweet spot between how much electricity used from the battery and how much jet fuel used for the maximum benefits. How to get there is at the center of my research. Besides hybrid propulsion systems, we can dig deep into jet fuel. The first option is that fuels can be made from corn, oilseeds and other fats. But the supply is limited, and using more biomass for fuel could compete with food production and lead to deforestation. A second option is using synthetic (合成的) sustainable jet fuel, which involves capturing carbon from the air or other industrial processes and combining it with hydrogen. The only emission is water. But that’s a complex and costly process and does not have a high production scale yet. By 2050, we could see three to five times more carbon dioxide emissions from aircraft than before 2020. The International Civil Aviation Organization’s long-term goal is to cut net carbon dioxide emissions by 50% by 2050 compared with the level in 2005. I think we should raise our expectations about the goal in 2050 because technological progress is faster than the growth of demand. 12. What does the author want to tell us in paragraph 1? A. The complexity of aircraft transportation. B. The difficulty in fully electrifying aircraft. C. The difference between fuel and batteries. D. The feature of new batteries in the future. 13. What is the focus of the author’s research? A. Improving the safety of airplanes during the taxiing process. B. Designing a hybrid propulsion system to help airplanes take off. C. Calculating how much energy is used in different processes of flight. D. Finding the right consumption proportion of electricity to fuel during flights. 14. What do we know about the two options mentioned by the author? A. The first option is more expensive. B. The first option needs more research. C. The second option is more environmentally-friendly. D. The second option consumes more agriculture resources. 15. What is the author s attitude towards the long-term goal? A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Uncaring. D. Unclear. 6. 24-25 南通 海安高级中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中选出最佳选项。 C Overseeing the development of a literary culture, which is part of a critic’s job, is a process of fits and starts. Critics play a role in determining which books published today should be labeled “instant classics”, which books are best described as “little-known” and which books published in past decades or centuries deserve re-examination. Beginning in the early 20th century, reissues complicated those categories. Older books like “The Dud Avocado” and “Stoner” — and even “Moby-Dick” and “The Great Gatsby” — became more famous upon reprinting than they had been when originally published. The canon (文学经典) itself is in a constant, ongoing process of being shaped by book lovers who are often in disagreement not only about what qualifies as literature but also about the purpose of reading literature. A reissue, more often than not published after the author is dead, rebalances the purpose of literature away from writer intent and more toward reader intent. Early last year, the small magazine n+1 restated a longstanding policy: No dead people. Reading work from dead authors may be unavoidable, but as literary critics tasked with creating and shaping the conversation, writing about dead people was considered unacceptable — because it was unfair to expect that contemporary writers, already struggling to secure attention for their work, compete with dead writers. We need, n+1 argued, to “refocus the public’s attention on the under-read work of the living.” It’s true that the literary world — perhaps egged on by editors, publishers and critics alike — frequently talks about reviving unjustly ignored voices from the depths of history, trying to ensure they are rescued from being forgotten. We don’t reissue the work of dead authors in order to do right by them, but because their work is a piece of history. We need to understand literature in its own right and as an expression of its own time and context, even if that context is horrifying or uninviting or problematic. Reading well — and writing good criticism — brings a sense of wonder to history, and despite the emotional influences that may sometimes inspire reissues, they uniquely connect us to the past, which will always be important. 8. What does the author indicate by mentioning the older books in paragraph 1? A. Reissues make sorting harder. B. Reissues never boost popularity. C. New editions show more changes. D. Critics should recategorize reissues. 9. What can we say about a reissue from paragraph 2? A. It is made to a consistent standard. B. It causes disagreements among readers. C. It breathes life into forgotten literary works. D. It shifts the literary focus toward readers’ needs. 10. What effect did n+1 expect from its policy? A. Inspiring living writers to learn from dead writers. B. Bridging the divide between critics and writers. C. Making more living writers’ voices heard. D. Making critics less hard on living writers. 11. How does the author look at reissuing dead authors’ works? A. A way to correct past injustices against authors. B. A method to celebrate authors’ contributions. C. A means to obtain insights into the history. D. A strategy to maintain literary traditions. D One of the world’s greenest office buildings will formally open its doors this week. It’s a project of the environmentally progressive Bullitt Foundation. Its ambition is bold: to showcase an entirely self-sustaining office building hoping that others will create similar projects. The first thing that strikes you about the new Bullitt Center is an emphasis on walking. “In a building this size, any place else in Seattle it would have two elevators. Here, the stairway is obvious and attractive,”says Denis Hayes, CEO of the foundation. He explains there is an elevator, but it’s well-hidden. The staircase encourages exercise and the concept helps cut down on energy use. This is one of dozens of visionary decisions that went into this building. “It has eyes, ears, a nervous system and a brain and it responds to its environment in a way that seeks to optimize (优化) things,” he says. He points across the street to a mini weather station. It sends data to the building so it can decide what it should do to conserve energy. “I think it’s fair to say we were all a bit skeptical in the beginning, ”says Chris Rogers, the founder of a firm in cooperation with the foundation. Rogers and the others set out to meet the ambitious goals of the Living Building Challenge, a green building standard set by local architects. Clearly this building is not for everyone. If you think of it as simply an office building, it was relatively pricey to design and build. But if you view it as a laboratory, an educational center and a bold effort to change how things are built, the calculation changes. Still, one could wonder, is it possible to build more with similar self-sustaining features at a reasonable cost? If this building isn’t reproducible, then this experiment will have failed, says Rogers. But if it is successful, he’s optimistic others will follow the foundation’s lead. Rogers points out that over the past couple of decades, many builders have been integrating green elements into their buildings. 12. What motivates the designers to highlight the stairway? A. To beautify the building. B. To offer convenience. C. To hide the elevator. D. To conserve energy. 13. Which description best summarizes the Bullitt Center according to paragraph 3? A. A living organism. B. A first responder. C. A brain system. D. A data base. 14. Which argument does Chris Rogers hold probably? A. It is reasonable to hold doubt in the building’s future. B. The building has been inspired by previous efforts. C. The reproduction of the building is crucial. D. The building stands for a progressive force. 15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Look Inside The World’s Greenest Building B. The Outlook For Green Buildings Is Promising C. How Can We Build More Green Buildings? D. Will This Super Green Building Be Copied? 7. 24-25 南通 海安市实验中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 C People flood into cities for understandable reasons: more job opportunities, more cultural diversity and larger communities. Yet living in a concrete-walled, green-poor, urban environment takes away from our-very essence our fundamental need to be close to nature. We can’t quite break the link with our evolutionary (进化的) past and part ways with our origins. Surrounding ourselves with walls and ‘screens, we tend to pay a price, often with our health and quality of life. In Japan, a populous country with vast expanses of green forests, an ancient tradition, known as shinrin-yoku, or forest bathing, tries to balance out the pressure from urban living. It’s the practice of spending prolonged periods of time with trees to gain from their many health benefits. In a book hitting shelves this month, Forest Bathing: How Trees Can Help You Find Health and Happiness, Dr. Qing Li, the world’s foremost expert in forest medicine, introduces readers to the valuable practice of forest bathing. The book features more than 100 color photographs of forests around the world. One may reject this kind of book as yet less convincing, but the point is that Li has not just practiced forest bathing, but has also studied its impact on people’s health through numerous scientific studies. He has data to support his claims, collected in a long list of expert-reviewed articles at the end of the book. The book lists studies that consistently show-a substantial, reduction of stress hormones (应激激素). Essential tree oils found in forest air increase energy levels by more than 30 percent and improve a general state of well-being, including improvement in sleep. Scientific results apart, the, concept of forest bathing shouldn’t be so surprising. Who hasn’t felt an inner sense of well-being when walking along a quiet forest path? Stepping into a forest, away from the artificial sounds and smells of urban life, does feel like pushing a life reset button, reestablishing a connection with our deepest needs. To celebrate this wonderful book and. what seems to be a rediscovery of forest bathing in our life, I’m going to go now—to take: my forest bath. 8. What is stressed in paragraph 1? A. The harm of electronics. B. The downside of city life. C. The consequences of lack of workout. D. The reasons for pursuit of urban living. 9. What’s the book aimed at? A. Promoting a lifestyle. B. Presenting research results. C. Stating the significance of walks. D. Appealing for forest conservation. 10. Which of the following can best describe Dr. Li’s book? A. One-sided. B. Sharply worded. C. Evidence-based. D. Widely recognized. 11. How is the benefit of forest bathing further proved in paragraph 4? A. Through clinical cases. B. Through practical experience. C. Through official statistics. D. Through Japanese experts’ studies. D Star Wars fans would be familiar with the good relationship between humans and droids (机器人) in the movies. In the movie Solo: A Star Wars Story, Lando Calrissian risked his life to rescue his co-pilot, a female droid L3-37. In real life, a humanoid robot, Sophia, has recently been granted (给予) citizenship in Saudi Arabia. Increasingly, people are ready to see robots as resembling humans. Given this phenomenon, I believ it is necessary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy. Experts have argued that since robots have now acquired human-like qualities, it is appropriate to consider if they should have rights just as humans. Sophia has a human like face and utilizes artificial intelligence to respond to speech and express emotions. For such a lifelike being that is potentially capable of expressing emotions, does it not deserve the right to be loved and respected? Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harming humans. Since people tend to form attachments to social robots, it becomes possible for companies to control the hardware and software to exploit this emotional attachment. There is a danger that data that is stored in the robot could be uploaded to the cloud. There would then possibly be situations in which the government or private sector retrieves (检索数据) the information stored in a robotic toy or social robot. With these uncertainties, it is clear why robots should be protected, just as humans. An even more irresistible reason to grant human rights to the robots is the protection of societal values. We should stop a young child from kicking or tearing a toy robot apart because it resembles a real life. Giving robots certain rights will ensure that societal standards are set. Still, many have roundly argued that no matter how sophisticated (老练的) they may be, robots are still machines. It is therefore quite ridiculous to treat them as living beings and grant them rights. However, with the advancement in technology, it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphized (赋予人的特征), and we would have to consider granting them rights. In conclusion, deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task, but now is the time to start the conversation on this and seriously consider the possibility. 12. Why does the author mention the two examples in the first paragraph? A. To remind readers of the importance of robots. B. To discuss the necessity of rescuing robots. C. To set readers thinking about an issue about robots. D. To describe the relationship between humans and robots. 13. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. Robots should be legally and morally protected. B. There is possible information risk. C. Humans are doing harm to robots. D. Robots should be given more emotional attachment. 14. What’s the author’s attitude towards granting robots human rights? A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Negative. D. Uncaring. 15. What’s the structure of the passage? (①=Para. 1 ②=Para. 2 ③=Para. 3 ④=Para. 4 ⑤=Para. 5 ⑥=Para. 6) A. ①—②③④⑤—⑥ B. ①②—③④⑤—⑥ C. ①—②③—④⑤⑥ D. ①—②③④—⑤⑥ 8. 24-25 启东中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所结的A、B、C、四个选项中选出最往选项。 C During a 2006 visit to Hudson’s Hope in northern British Columbia, my husband George went flying with a friend, curious to see the landmass beneath his feet from another perspective. They flew over the town of Hudson’s Hope, the Bennett Dam and the Peace River, taking photos as they went. At one point, the pilot told George to take a good look below, where he noted what looked to be large circles carved (刻) into the ground. “UFO site?” George asked playfully. “No, but after our flight, I’ll show you an article in the local newspaper on this particular project,” the pilot answered. The article explained that in 1999 an artist named Deryk Houston made a journey to Baghdad to see the suffering that war had brought to the people of Iraq, which set him on a course to become an artist who uses the earth as his canvas and peace as his inspiration. Upon his return to Peace River Country, he, along with his son, Sam, and volunteer Phil Kirtzinger, constructed a series of concentric circles made of sand, gravel and hay. Symbolic renderings (艺术表达) of a mother and her child were created at the center of the work. Deryk’s hope was that the site would become a permanent sanctuary (永久的圣地) of peace, a place to visit for people searching for spiritual renewal, new hope or just a few precious moments of inner peace. With most of us here being safe and sound in our own environments, and relatively ignorant of what’s going on in far-away, war-torn countries, how often do we stop to think about the loss of a child or a mother’s struggle to find the necessities of life in the midst of chaos (混乱)? We only come face to face with the facts when they are brought to our attention in a meaningful way. Such was the effect that Deryk’s work had on both my husband and me. While few of us have the talent to create such a monumental tribute (不朽的赞歌) to peace, we can draw inspiration from people like Deryk and do our part, in our own way, to help the cause. 28. What happened during George’s visit to Hudson’s Hope in 2006? A. He saw a breathtaking sight. B. He visited some tourist attractions. C. He encountered a friend who was a pilot. D. H made headlines in the local newspaper. 29. What led to the construction of the large circles? A. A UFO. B. An article in 1999. C. Deryk’s suffering in Iraq. D. Deryk’s journey to Baghdad. 30. What is the purpose of Deryk’s project? A. To bring peace to people. B. To teach his son a lesson. C. To attract visitors to the town. D. To help a painful mother and child. 31. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. What is happening in war-torn countries. B. How the author and her husband were affected. C. Who should be responsible for a chaotic world. D. What the author and her husband have contributed to peace. D Humans are not the animal kingdom's only fashionistas. Tits ( ill雀) can be fashion followers, too, apparently. A latest study shows that, given the chance, they decorate their nests with this season's must-have colour. Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin were following up on a study published in 1934 by Henry Smith Williams, an American naturalist. He noticed that when he put various coloured balls of yarn (纱) out in his garden, almost always one and only one became popular that season for being included into local birds' nests. But which particular color was favoured varied from season to season. This suggested that the colour chosen by one of the early birds was spotted and copied by others. Williams's work was, however, forgotten until they came across it while following up on a different study, published by a team at the University of Toulouse, suggesting fashion-following, too. Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin therefore set out to re-run Williams's experiment, but this time to collect some actual numbers. The birds they followed were part of a well-monitored population of blue tits in a wood near the institute. Most birds in this wood carried tracking devices fitted to them after their capture in mist nets. That allowed the institute's researchers to keep track of a vast number of individuals by recording their arrival at food containers throughout the wood. Instead of food, these containers were loaded with wool of different colors. Interestingly, researchers soon found that most nests of blue tits included only the color of the wool first chosen by a nestbuildcr. Tits, then, do seem to be “on trend”, when it comes to nest-building materials. Why that should happen remains obscure. Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin suspect the fashion leaders are older birds, and that evolution favours younger ones copying their elders since those elders have evidently survived what fortune has to throw at a tit. Williams’s original work, though, suggests such initial choices are at random-a bit like those of the leaders of human fashions. 32. What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A. Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin contributed to William's work. B. Early birds' color preference was copied by their fellows. C. The yam was the most popular material to decorate local birds' nests. D. The color of the yam favored by local birds was fixed throughout the year. 33. How did Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin improve William's experiment? A. They observed the blue tits. B. They studied the habits of blue tits. C. They adopted the data-collecting method. D. They fitted tracking devices to food containers. 34. What does the underlined word “obscure” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Hidden. B. Evident. C. Complicated. D. Shallow. 35. What is the main idea of the text? A. Birds favor certain colors in decoration. B. Young birds follow their elders in fashion. C. Young birds are just as intelligent as people. D. Birds are just as fashion-conscious as people. 9. 24-25 通州高级中学 高二上 第二次阶段性检测 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Dolphins and fishermen in Laguna, Brazil, like the same food: Mullets (鲻鱼). But rather than compete, the two have formed an alliance. Common bottlenose dolphins will chase schools of mullets toward shore, where a row of fishermen stand waist-deep in the water, nets in hand. The fishermen can’t see the fish through the murky water, so instead, they watch the dolphins. When the marine mammals slap their heads or tails against the water, they cue (提示) the fishermen to cast their nets, which in turn breaks up the schools and makes individual fish easier for the dolphins to catch. Now, a new study suggests the dolphins are willing partners in this cooperation. They pay close attention to the humans, timing their actions to maximize their catch. The animals may even be guiding the people, says Simon Ingram, a marine biologist. He says, “It’s almost as if the dolphins are training the humans.” Fishers must understand the dolphins’ cues, learning them over time, Cantor, a behavioral ecologist at the University of Cambridge, says. “The dolphins are almost like teachers.” This fishing partnership has passed down through the generations, lasting for more than a century. According to a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers suggest dolphins that hunt with humans have increased survival rates over those that don’t. These cooperative dolphins are more likely to stay near the shore, reducing their chance of entanglement (缠住) in illegal fishing gear. Fishers were also more successful when they worked with the dolphins. When dolphins were present, the fishers were 17 times more likely to catch fish and netted nearly 4 times more mullets when they timed their casting with the dolphins’ signals. This is really incredible cooperative behavior. Other populations of dolphins have also been known to cooperate with human fishers, herding fish toward shore or into nets off eastern Australia, Mauritania, and Southeast Asia. But these practices have either disappeared or are in decline. 8. How can dolphins catch mullets more easily according to paragraph 1? A. By competing against humans. B. By using unique hunting skills. C. By forming a team with other fishes. D. By cooperating with local fishermen. 9. Why does the ecologist say that the dolphins are almost like teachers? A. The dolphins always imitate human behavior. B. The dolphins try to communicate with fishers. C. The dolphins are willing to adjust their actions. D. The dolphins often signaled fishers to catch fish. 10. What’s the benefit of dolphins working with fishermen? A. They avoid potential risks or dangers. B. They are often rescued by fishermen. C. They have better living environment. D. They are getting increasingly smarter. 11. What does the author intend to convey in the text? A. Dolphins are cooperative creatures. B. Dolphins are dependent on fishermen. C. Humans are struggling for their survival. D. Humans are learning skills from animals D Egypt’s Great Pyramids at Giza exist on a remote area of land at the edge of the Sahara Desert. The inhospitable location has long puzzled archaeologists, some of whom had found evidence that the Nile River once flowed near these pyramids in some capacity, promoting the landmarks’construction starting 4,700 years ago. Using satellite imaging and analysis of cores of sediment (沉积物), a new study published in the journal Communications Earth& Environment has mapped a 64-kilometer-long, dried-up branch of the Nile, long buried beneath farmland and desert. Lead author Eman Ghoneim said previous efforts to reconstruct Nile waterways were largely limited to soil sample collections from small sites, mapping only small sections. “This is the first study to provide a map of the long- lost ancient branch of the Nile River,” she noted. Ghoneim and her team called this extinct branch Ahramat, Arabic for pyramids. It was about 0.5 km wide and at least 25 meters deep, similar to the current Nile. “The large size and extended length of the Ahramat Branch and its proximity (邻近) to the 31 pyramids in the study area strongly suggest a functional waterway of great importance,” Ghoneim said. She thought the river would have played a key role in ancient Egyptians’transportation of the enormous amount of building materials and laborers needed for the pyramids’construction. Ghoneim, born and raised in Egypt, was always curious about the pyramids’construction site. She investigated with NSF funding and found geophysical data confirming it was an ancient Nile arm. Earth cores revealed sandy sediment, consistent with a river channel at 25 meters’depth. The study suggests “countless” temples may be buried along the Ahramat Branch’s riverbank. Why the river dried up remains unclear, but a likely cause is a period of drought and desertification. 12. What does the underlined word in paragraph l probably mean? A. Unapproachable. B. Unlivable. C. Inhabitable. D. Unavailable. 13. What did the previous studies on the Nile River focus on? A. The Great Pyramids of Giza. B. The entire Nile River system. C. Soil sample collections from small sites. D. The dryness of the Nile River branch. 14. What does Ghoneim think about the Ahramat Branch? A. It was not important to ancient Egyptians. B. It was the main waterway of the Nile River. C. It dried up due to the digging of the pyramids. D. It played a key role in the construction of the pyramids. 15. What is the best title of the passage? A. Lost branch of the Nile River B. The mystery of the remote land C. The Nile River’s role in ancient Egypt D. The construction of the Great Pyramids 10. 24-25 南京、镇江、徐州等十校联盟 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C In February 1970, a ragbag of hippies and activists gathered in Vancouver, Canada to discuss a planned nuclear test on the Alaskan island of Amchitka. They eventually agreed to sail to the test site and protest against the explosion in person. At the end of the meeting, the chairman raised two fingers to the room and shouted “Peace!”. After a brief pause, one young attendee responded with a now immortal line: “Let’s make that a green peace”. Over the last 50 years, the environmental movement has become so closely associated with the colour green that it’s almost impossible to see a green poster, label or recycling bag without thinking about our planet’s future. But though that connection is the product of a very recent crisis, its origins go back some way. We have identified green with nature and its processes for thousands of years. Indeed, the very word “green” comes from the ancient Proto-Indo-European word ghre, meaning “grow”. The human species, which emerged in the verdant forests and savannas of Africa about 300,000 years ago, has a special biological bond with green. Our eyes might even have evolved specifically to see the chlorophyll (叶绿素) in plants. With the advent of agriculture, we started to use green as a symbol for nature and its processes. The ancient Egyptians, who were farming the banks of the Nile from about 8000BCE, likewise identified their crops with green. Their term for the colour was wadj, which also meant “flourish”. All over the world, people communed with nature through green materials. Jade, for instance, was used to make objects that would guarantee a successful harvest. The Maya buried their leaders with jade death masks for precisely this reason. Western societies took longer to embrace the beauty of nature, and by extension, green. But by the second half of the Middle Ages, European writers were infusing the colour with their new- found faith in the landscape, connecting it to fertility, growth, spring, hope and joy. By the end of the 17th Century, English poets were beginning to realise, as we do today, that green spaces can be profoundly therapeutic (有疗效的). While the future of our planet remains uncertain, many scientists are convinced that leaves, and the miraculous green pigment (色素) that lurks within them, will prove to be a decisive weapon in our battle against climate change. This is as it should be. After all, for early farmers waiting for shoots to emerge from the soil, and for modern-day activists determined to bring about a sustainable future, green was, and is, a colour of hope—the hope that, after a long, cold winter or a drought-ridden summer, the arrival of chlorophyll will promise a new beginning. 8. What happened after hippies and activists ended the gathering in Vancouver in 1970? A. They launched a peace campaign. B. They discussed a planned nuclear test. C. They spread an immortal peace slogan. D. They prevented all the government's nuclear tests. 9. What is a similarity between the ancient Egyptians and the Maya regarding green? A. Both cultures built a complex web of religious beliefs. B. They both associated the color green with their leaders. C. Both used the color green as a symbol of military power. D. They both had specific symbols for green related to harvest. 10. What can be inferred according to the text? A. The Proto-Indo-Europeans were the first to start environmental protection. B. Ancient humans had a more advanced visual system than modern humans. C. Western societies went through a slow and progressive recognition of nature. D. Language evolution reflects the links between green and the environmental movement. 11. How do you understand the underlined phrase “a decisive weapon” in the last paragraph? A. Green is a color that makes people feel good but has no practical value. B. Green is a symbol used by environmental activists to promote their ideas. C. The pigment can directly absorb all greenhouse gases and solve the climate problem. D. The pigment in leaves and the symbolic associations of the colour green with hope count. D Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today, thousands of years later. Roman engineers built thick concrete sea barriers, for example. And Chinese builders raised walls against invaders. But there are many recent structures that are already starting to fail. The concrete that makes up much of our modern world lasts around 50 to 100 years. A growing number of scientists have been studying materials from long ago. They are breaking apart pieces of buildings and reading historical texts hoping to learn how they have stood for thousands of years. The research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings. They include tree bark, volcanic ash, rice, beer and even urine (尿液). These unexpected materials could have the ability to get stronger over time and “heal” cracks when they form. Figuring out how to copy these features could have real impacts today. While our modern concrete has the strength to hold up very tall skyscrapers (摩天大楼) and heavy infrastructure (基础结构), it cannot compete with the endurance of these ancient materials. With the rising threats of climate change, there is a growing call to make construction more sustainable. A recent UN report estimates that the built environment is responsible for more than a third of carbon dioxide emissions worldwide. Cement (水泥) production alone makes up more than 7 percent of those emissions. Is ancient Roman concrete better? In places where seawater has been hitting structures for ages, you will find concrete “basically the way it was when it was poured 2,000 years ago,” said John Oleson, an archaeologist at the University of Victoria in Canada. Most modern concrete starts with Portland cement, a powder made by heating limestone (石灰岩) and clay to super-high temperatures and breaking them up. That cement is mixed with water to create a paste. Then, materials like rock and gravel are added. Records from ancient builders show the Roman process was similar. The ancient builders mixed materials like burnt limestone and volcanic sand with water and rocks, creating chemical reactions to tie everything together. Now, scientists think they have found an important reason why some Roman concrete has held up structures for thousands of years. The ancient material has an unusual power to repair itself. Exactly how is not yet clear, so scientists are starting to find reasons why. 12. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By making a comparison. B. By using a metaphor. C. By listing statistics. D. By telling stories. 13. Which aspect of ancient Roman building materials surprises scientists? A. Their high-end technology. B. Their processing procedure. C. Their amazing flexibility. D. Their necessary ingredients. 14. Which might be the impact of studying ancient building materials? A. Reducing the greenhouse effects. B. Innovating the construction process. C. Increasing the mass production of cement. D. Removing the threats of the climate change. 15. What does the author intend to tell us? A. The urgency of tackling the environmental crisis. B. The secrets of long-standing ancient Roman buildings. C. The similarities between modern and Roman concrete. D. The breakthrough in repairing ancient Roman architecture. 11. 24-25 扬州中学 高二上 第二次月考 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、 C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett — “Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory. However, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad. Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism. “Most of us picture ourselves as competent people, so when external feedback suggests otherwise, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The casiest way out is to deny or explain away the external signal, so we can reduce the inconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.” If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don’t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if a publisher rejects the first submission of your manuscript. “We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’,” Sjastad says. It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve. Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals. 8. Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in paragraph 1? A. To offer an example to handle failure. B. To share a positive attitude towards failure. C. To describe a common understanding of failure. D. To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure. 9. What can we learn from the paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”? A. It protects us from false feedback. B. It pictures us as competitive people. C. It poses a severe threat to self-image. D. It denies negative feedback to ourselves. 10. What is the author’s attitude towards failure? A. Short-sighted. B. Wait-and-see. C. Objective. D. Skeptical. 11. Which statement would the author most probably agree with? A. Don’t escape when our self-image is broken. B. Don’t quit when goals no longer make you happy. C. Never hesitate to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”. D. Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self. D We learn about the world through the knowledge accumulated over thousands of years. standing on the shoulders of great men, we don’t have to experience endless trial and error, just as the wheels do not have to be reinvented each time to run a car. But where does our ability to learn from others come from? A study led by Markus Paulus, professor at Loyola Marymount University, shows that the ability has its roots in earliest childhood. “It’s generally assumed that children’s ability to imitate (模仿) is inborn, but according to our observation, children imitate because they themselves are imitated by caregivers. This interaction enables a cultural transfer of knowledge, which, through generations’ efforts, consequently leads to the development of human beings,” says Markus Paulus. In this research, Paulus recorded the interaction between mother and child over several months. The babies came into the lab for the first time at the age of6 months , while their final visit was when they were18 months old. As they engaged in various play situations , the interactions and imitations of mother and child were analyzed. The long-term study showed that the more sensitive a mother was in her interactions with her six- month-old child and the more often she imitated the baby, the greater the child’s overall ability was at the age of18 months. Paulus’ research shows that mutual imitation is the keystone of knowledge transfer , through which children successfully learn various skills, such as how to use objects , waving and acquisition of language. “This interaction is the nucleus of learning and, finally, gives rise to evolutionary success of human,” says Paulus. “Cultural learning is an essential part of human evolution, and it is rooted in the imitation of others, particularly our caregivers during our earliest childhood,” says Paulus. “Through this, we learn from each other and pass on knowledge to the next generation, so certain actions or techniques do not have to be constantly invented again. ” 12. Why does the author mention the example of wheels? A. To praise the invention of car wheels. B. To describe the process of trial and error. C. To emphasize the necessity of new tools. D. To show the importance of prior knowledge. 13. What can we learn about Paulus’ research? A. Children’s imitation was recorded by mothers. B. Sensitive mothers encouraged children’s imitation. C. Children’s ability was analyzed through interaction. D. Effective interaction promoted children’s development. 14. What does the underlined word “nucleus” mean in paragraph 4? A. Core. B. Result. C. Aim. D. Content. 15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Why does Evolution Matter? B. How to Interact with Children? C. Imitation: The Engine of Evolution D. Cultural Learning: The Root of Imitation 12. 24-25 苏州市吴江区震泽中学 高二上 12月月考 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C Wake up energetically at 6 am, exercise for over an hour after freshening up, and study productively throughout the day. This daily routine is frequently featured in vlogs on social media with the theme of “self-discipline (自律)”. But when trying out such a schedule, many of us may feel exhausted. Is it just because we are lazy? Why do some people seem to have so much energy? Genetic differences, to start with, can significantly influence our energy levels. A tiny part in our DNA called SNPs can help to explain 8.4 percent of fatigue (疲劳) cases, according to a 2018 study. A study published in the journal Nature reported that, in general, genes affect tiredness by an amount ranging from 6 to 50 percent. Nevertheless, there’s a whole lot more you can explore about your energy levels. The food you eat gives you energy. However, there’s an often-ignored element-Vitamin D. A study published in 2019 in the journal Nutrients noted that older adults with reduced vitamin D levels experienced fatigue more than those with normal levels. You can get a sufficient amount of it by sunbathing or consuming enough Vitamin-D-rich foods, such as fish, eggs and milk. Another analysis published in Nutrients found that eating foods high in saturated fat (饱和脂肪) is linked to excessive daytime sleepiness. These foods probably include some of your favorites: butter, cheese, ice cream, and fried foods. Even if a workout leaves you sweaty and out of breath, exercise can actually increase your energy. “When you exercise, you release hormones like adrenaline (肾上腺素),” Sabrena Jo, an expert at the American Council on Exercise, told the Health website. “This hormone actually tells our bodies to ignore feelings of pain and fatigue while enhancing blood flow to large muscles.” This “excitement” in your body can last for several hours. Exercise helps, but only to a point. Those who exercise too frequently may experience negative impacts on their energy levels. It’s also important to note that low energy levels could be your body’s way of telling you that you have an underlying problem. Iron deficiency (缺铁) and anemia (贫血) are two examples of health conditions that can increase fatigue. 8. Why do some people seem to have more energy than others, according to the text? A. They are strict with themselves. B. They follow a disciplined routine. C. They are born naturally energetic. D. They have more SNPs to stay active. 9. What can we learn about Vitamin D? A. We can get it by bathing in the sun. B. Its levels are definitely lower in older adults. C. Its effect on our energy is universally recognized. D. The larger amount of it we get, the more energetic we will be. 10. What can be inferred about the effect of exercise on our energy levels? A. It reduces the body’s need for rest. B. It constantly boosts our energy levels. C. It can lead to tiredness if done too often. D. It slows down the release of adrenaline. 11. What might it indicate if you constantly feel low on energy? A. You are simply lazy and lack motivation. B. You may have some health issue that needs attention. C. You must adjust your diet and increase vitamin D intake. D. You should surely exercise more to boost your energy levels. D Most people hate mosquitoes — but scientists are about to build a “mosquito factory” to release modified mosquitoes. The modified mosquitoes carry a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis (沃尔巴克氏菌), which can be naturally found in most insect species. However, it’s rarely discovered in mosquitoes. “We actually grow these mosquitoes that contain the bacterium,” Scott O’Neill, an Australian scientist who is involved in the project, told CBC News. When the modified mosquitoes are released, they slowly spread the bacterium to the population. Several studies have demonstrated the insects’ success. For example, a controlled experiment in Indonesia showed that the modified insect helped reduce the cases of the disease dengue (登革热) by 77 percent, according to a study paper published in 2021. The World Mosquito Program has announced that it will release modified mosquitoes in many of Brazil’s urban areas over the next 10 years. The aim is to protect up to 70 million people from diseases such as dengue, a disease mainly spread by mosquitoes. Dengue patients may have mild symptoms (症状) like fever, but severe cases can lead to death. Brazil has one of the highest rates of dengue infection in the world, according to the Nature website. “More than 1,000 people died of dengue in 2022 because of the spread of mosquitoes. It’s going everywhere,” Luciano Moreira, a scientist at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, told CBC News. Another way to prevent mosquitoes from spreading diseases is by producing genetically modified (GM，转基因的) mosquitoes. In 2022, the US Environmental Protection Agency cleared the release of 2.4 billion GM mosquitoes in California and Florida. According to the agency, GM mosquitoes carry two types of genes: a self-limiting gene that prevents female offspring (后代) from surviving to adulthood; and a marker gene that allows researchers to identify GM ones in the wild. After being released, GM mosquitoes lay eggs, so the genes are passed on to offspring. In this way, the number of female mosquitoes is reduced, therefore reducing the chance of spreading disease. 12. Why are the modified mosquitoes grown according to Scott O’Neill? A. To prevent mosquitoes from biting people. B. To make money for the scientists involved. C. To reduce the number of insects in the world. D. To spread a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis. 13. What can we learn about the release of modified mosquitoes in Brazil? A. The decision to do so is only based on scientific research. B. The program will immediately reduce dengue cases by 77%. C. The high infection rate of dengue in Brazil is a key factor to it. D. The program aims to remove dengue completely within the next decade. 14. What does the underlined word “cleared” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Permitted. B. Removed. C. Disturbed. D. Restricted. 15. What might be the best title for the text? A. The Benefits of Mosquitoes B. Modified Mosquitoes to Fight Diseases C. The World Mosquito Program’s Success D. Genetic Engineering in Medical Research 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $