一模前专题练04 阅读七选五之设空剖析-2026年高考英语终极对决锦囊·三年真题解读&四层模考储能

一模前专题练04 阅读七选五之设空剖析 【设空特点】 卷 别 主题语境 体 裁 话 题 设空位置及数量 2025·全国一卷 人与社会 记叙文 咖啡馆里平凡英雄 段首设空0 段中设空4 段尾设空1 2025·全国二卷 人与社会 说明文 家人同参志愿活动 段首设空2 段中设空2 段尾设空1 2024·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷 人与自我 说明文 使用英语词典心得 段首设空1 段中设空4 段尾设空0 2024·新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷 人与自我 说明文 如何避免过度旅游 段首设空1 段中设空3 段尾设空1 2023·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷 人与自我 说明文 自我宽恕增强自信 段首设空0 段中设空4 段尾设空1 2023·新课标全国 ⅠI 卷 人与自我 说明文 开启艺术之旅建议 段首设空1 段中设空3 段尾设空1 统计显示：三年高考段中设空为主(计20题)，段首、段尾设空为辅(各为5题)。 在阅读七选五中，句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同，因而考查的功能也有所不同。段首设空所要填的内容起概括主旨的作用；段中设空所要填的内容起注释细节、体现逻辑关系的作用；段尾设空所要填的内容起承上启下或归纳总结的作用。除此之外，三种设空处所要填的内容都有一个共同的作用：不是承上，就是启下，或者兼而有之(承上启下)。 此外，还有一种设空的方式是标题设空，其特点非常明显：位于文章的首位或是段与段之间，呈现形式为单独成行或成段。 【考情概览】 一、段首设空的主要考点：段落标题句、段落主旨句、段落过渡句(承上启下句或导入句)。 此外，设空在首段段首处时，有可能考查的是通篇主题句。 二、段中设空的主要考点：段中瞻前关联句、段中顾后关联句和段中瞻前顾后关联句。 三、段尾设空的主要考点：首段末句设空的考点：承上启下句，引出全文要谈的几个方面或段落；全文主题句；中间段末句设空的考点：总结型段尾句(空格所在段落的主题句或总结句，往往与段落开头呼应)；过渡型段尾句(承上启下过渡句或细节支撑句，与空前或下段内容形成某种内在的逻辑关系)；尾段末句设空的考点：往往是全文的总结句(往往与文章开头呼应)。 此外，考生还要关注备选项和某些/个空格前后是“半截句”的情况：复合句残缺主句或从句；并列句残缺一个分句；简单句残缺某些成分(请参看本系列资料的三年真题解读02中的“八个‘匹配’要遵守”中的7. 半截句匹配)。 【解题锦囊】 注意：三年真题解读02中的“解题通用四锦囊”和“八个‘匹配’”仍适用。笔者只不过是根据设空位置的不同将解题锦囊细化而已。 一、解段首设空题 1. 上下“对标” 对照其他标题的表达形式，上下“对标”，看其呈现形式是否和其他小标题相一致，即要遵守“句式匹配”原则。 2. 快速“提炼” 注意阅读相关段落内容，提炼其中的中心词(留意体现主旨的同义词复现)串成大体的意思与备选项中的某些选项比对，搞定段落主题句。这个主题与下文是“总——分”关系。 3. 合理“推断” 认真阅读空后的下文内容，掌握该段大意，推断出主旨与备选项中的某些选项比对，搞定段落主题句。 4. 抓住“重点” 设空处在段首时(设空在首段段首处除外)，很有可能是过渡句(承上启下句或导入句)。因此，要阅读 上下文并抓住两个重点：重点了解上一段，尤其是尾句的内容，还要快速浏览下一段的内容；二是要标出关键词。使所选答案能够把上下两段内容紧密的衔接起来。 【典例】1 【2023·全国甲卷节选】 Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person … ●Practice gratitude(感激) … ● Make yourself wait … ●___39___. So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “___40___(This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable) .” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable D. All this adds up to a state of hurry E. It can also help us practice more patience F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 【解析】研读文本，空格处在段与段之间，且单独成行，断定考查的是段落小标题。对照其他小标题，可知小标题句式为祈使句式，所以答案在选项ABC三个备选项中选择。寻找关键信息：在段落中寻找同义词、近义词或反义词等关键词。根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.(我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable，C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。 【典例】2 【2024·全国甲卷节选】 What is moderation(适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. … Take your time. … Eat with others whenever possible. … Control emotional(情绪的) eating. … ___40___ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism(新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14—16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A. Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 【解析】研读文本，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知答案在选项A、C、E中选择。寻找关键信息。设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism(新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14—16 hours until breakfast the next morning.(健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14—16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早餐)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“一整天都要适当饮食”符合语境，故选A。 【典例】3 【2022·全国甲卷节选】 Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette(礼节)might surprise you with some of its important rules…. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. .. Hands or Utensils(餐具) In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. … Making Requests ___39___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries…. A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 【解析】研读文本，结合其他段落结构，均含有小标题，包括本段。设空处位于标题之下，段落之首，应该定为段落过渡句；寻找关键信息。在段落中寻找同义词、近义词或反义词等关键词。根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.(在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal(吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的，故选G。 二、解段中设空题 1. 把握“主旨” 利用段落小标题或段落首句的概括引领作用，对空格所在段的主旨做到心中有数。 2. “瞻前”“顾后” “瞻前”：看段中空与空前部分在逻辑和语义上的关系；“顾后”：看段中空与空后部分在逻辑和语义上的关系；既“瞻前”又“顾后”：一层意思是指，既看段中空与空前部分在逻辑和语义上的关系，又看段中空与空后部分在逻辑和语义上的关系；另一层意思是指，看空格与备选项的某个选项的关联度(从词语复现、代词一致、逻辑一致以及语义一致等角度去权衡)。 说明：以下这些逻辑关系主要集中体现在“段中空”中，都是其中部分关系也会出现在“段首空或段尾空”中，只不过为了突出其重要性，笔者放在这一块统一讲而已。 (1)例证关系 显性的和隐性的例证关系。显性例证关系的标志性词汇有：as a matter of/in fact, for example/for instance, in other words/that is to say, such as, actually, like等等。 类似于例证关系的还有解释关系：设空处是对前文观点的解辑和支持性说明。 (2)并列关系 常见的标志性词汇有：and, first, second, not only... but..., firstly, next, then等等。 (3)递进关系 常见的标志性词汇有：also, even, besides, in addition, further, furthermore, moreover, not ... but, what’s more, to make matters worse, what’s worse, what’s more等等。 (4)转折关系 常见的标志性词汇有：but, however, though, yet, nevertheless, otherwise/or, whereas, instead, at any rate, in any case, on the contrary以及although/though/as, in spite of等等。 另外，要注意让步关系常见的标志性词汇：although/though/as/while, despite/in spite of等等。 (5)因果关系 常见的标志性词汇有：hence,so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result等等。 特别提醒：以上所有这些标志性词汇有可能出现在原文中，也有可能出现在备选项中。 【典例】1 【2024·全国甲卷节选】 Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(原稿). ___36___ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. … A. I don’t often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don’t want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. 【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空，可能承上、可能启下、也可能承上启下，因此需要瞻前、顾后或瞻前顾后。根据上文(瞻前)“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。备选项F中的代词That与前一句话题一致，且内容也一致，故选F。 【典例】2 【2021·全国甲卷节选】 A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers. ●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ___37___, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable. A. Less people than that B. Hold a clothing swap C. If two people are competing D. Just keep music playing throughout E. Donate whatever clothes are left over F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空，同时该句并不完整属于半截句，多半是启下，因此需要“顾后”。根据下文(顾后)“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.”(可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制)说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more than that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”(少于这些人)提出一种假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，故选A。 【典例】3 【2022·全国甲卷节选】 One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious(有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. ___39___ “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B. She has two children aged eight and four. C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. 【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空，可能承上、可能启下、也可能承上启下，因此需要瞻前、顾后或瞻前顾后。根据上文(瞻前)“Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.(乔安娜•赖特是政治学专业的大四学生，她热爱咖啡，每周至少去这家咖啡馆六天)”以及下文(顾后)“‘Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,’ Wright said.(赖特说“凯瑟琳总是笑容满面，这总能让我心情愉快。”)”可推知，设空处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。F.“Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.(去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始，并为上课做好准备)”中的“starts her day off good”解释了“每周去六天”的动机，且“cheerful mood”与墨菲的微笑服务形成因果关系，故选F。 【典例】4 【2021·新高考I卷节选】 Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ___38___ French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. 【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空。本段讲了巴黎人的饮食习惯，空后的句子提到了法国的草莓很好吃，空格处所选句子应该与空后的句子构成例证关系，话题与法国的美食相关，故选G项“The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.(食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐)。 【典例】5 【2021·全国乙卷节选】 ●Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___38___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club; we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. A. Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don’t throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空。分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new.(不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful.(艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone.(走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系，故选A。 【典例】6 【2022·全国新课标I卷节选】 So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___37___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空。关注空格后面有个关键词or。根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person.(首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以设空处与空后一句之间是并列关系，设空处也应是一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。D项“你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗”符合上下文语境，故选D。 【典例】7 【2023·浙江1月卷节选】 Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. ___37___ Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. A. Train trips aren’t for impatient types. B. You’ll have views from both sides of the train. C. The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D. That’s particularly true during busy summer months. E. You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one. F. Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom. G. He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner. 【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空。关注空后句中的Then，空处句子和后句是递进关系。而且根据空后句“你就不需要为了吃饭一天三次穿过数节移动的车厢了”可知，中间应该填代理人可以帮你做的事情并且和火车上吃饭有关。再结合G项句意“他也许可以帮你预定在餐车旁边的卧铺”可知，G项能够衔接上下文，比上文找到打折的票关系更进一步，符合语境，故选G。 【典例】8 【2025·浙江1月卷节选】 ●Don’t use ten words when one will do. Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. ___38___ However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple. A. Be patient. B. Get the audience involved. C. The best messages are often simple. D. Speak directly to what matters to them. E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer. F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to. G. As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say. 【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空。关注空格后面有个关键词However。根据小标题可知，本段围绕沟通内容要简洁展开。根据空白处后可知，这里是将讲话者和听众进行对比，讲话者已经知道内容，而听众是第一次听，所以要简单明了。G 项“作为讲话者，你已经知道自己要说什么”，与下文逻辑连贯，故选G。 【典例】9 【2023·全国甲卷节选】 The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced(三倍行距)copy to allow space for revision. ___ 39___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块)of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ... A. Make sure your handwriting is neat. B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C. The second draft of the essay should be better. D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. 【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空。关注空格后面有个关键词As a result。根据空处后提示词“As a result”可知，空处与下文形成因果关系。根据空后句“As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space.”可以找出导致这种结果的原因。再结合F项句意“许多新手作者没有留出足够的修改空间”可知，这里指出了新手作者的常见错误做法，是空后句的因。因此F项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。 三、解段尾设空题 1. 甄别考点：根据位置甄别考点(参看上文“段尾设空的主要考点”)。 2. 对症下药：首段末句设空和中间段末句设空，采用“前呼后应”法解题：尾句要跟段首句呼应以及要跟上文中的一两句呼应(也包括“词汇<同词或同义词>复现”方面的“呼应”)；或采用“瞻前顾后”法解题：先看空格前的句子，看是否与尾句有关联。如果看不出，就要考虑看下一段的首句，看看是否有关联；尾段末句设空，采用“逻辑优先”法解题：分析尾句与空格的上文之间(包括首段主题句)的逻辑关系。 【典例】1 【2021·浙江6月卷节选】 You’ve got mail…and it’s a postcard Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum. Or Africa’s Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall. ___11___ “I often send postcards to family and friends.” he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it ...” A. And that’s totally fine B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world. E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million. F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away. G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away. 【解析】(这是原文的第一段)。研读文本，本题属于首段句尾空。关注空格处的上文“Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored image of Rome’s Colosseum. Or Africa’s Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall.(34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师 Paulo Magalhaes喜欢打开他的邮箱，然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图像。或者非洲的维多 利亚瀑布。或者是中国的长城)”介绍了Paulo喜欢明信片的个人爱好。空格后的下文，即原文的第 二段描述的是Paulo与家人朋友寄明信片的经历。选项G“In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a scribbled note from someone far away.(简而言之，他喜欢明信片，也喜欢收到 远方某人潦草的便条时的那种兴奋)”前呼后应，既总结了上文Paulo喜欢明信片，又引出下文关于 他的喜好得不到回应的问题，故选G项。 【典例】2 【2020·全国新课标I卷(山东卷)节选】 Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. ___18___ A. Do the opposite. B. You want to be an effective public speaker. C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip. D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more. E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 【解析】(这是原文的第三段)。研读文本，本题属于中间段末句设空。关注空格处的上文的关键信息：即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。因而建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项“你不必为一个小失误道歉”呼应上句，是对待演讲出错的方法，故选C。 【典例】3 【2022·全国新课标I卷节选】 My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___39___ A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 【解析】(这是原文的倒数第二段)。研读文本，本题属于中间段末句设空。关注关键信息：在段落中寻找同形词、同义词、近义词或反义词等关键词。根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number.(我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。“notice”同词复现，故选G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information.(任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息)”。 【典例】4 【2022·全国乙卷节选】 ___38___(F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking)? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox(讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. ___39___. And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment(赞扬)... So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard. A. How do you know the host B. The first step is to go exploring C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?” D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 【解析】(这是原文的倒数第三段)。研读文本，本题属于中间段末句设空。关注关键信息：在段落中寻找同形词、同义词、近义词或反义词等关键词。根据上文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox(讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.(如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say(或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，故选E。have little to say= won’t stop talking同义复现。 【典例】5 【2025·北京卷节选】 So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. ___38___(C. It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others.)We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture(培养)emotional and identity development. ___39___ A. It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B. They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work. C. It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D. In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. E. They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F. You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music. G. When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. 【解析】(这是原文的最后一段)(原文体裁为议论文)。研读文本，本题属于尾段末句设空。关注空格处的上文“While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture(培养) emotional and identity development.(虽然培养一个成年人是父母的工作，但作为社会，我们也有责任确保我们支持那些培养情感和身份发展的学校)”可知，本空应进一步描述社会在培养成年人方面的其他责任。A选项“It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles.(支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人也是我们的工作)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了社会在培养成年人方面的另一项责任，即支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人，故选A。 1 In today’s digital era, we are constantly surrounded by news, both positive and negative. While staying informed is crucial, the continuous flood of headlines, especially something distressing, can sometimes be overwhelming. ___36___ Thus, finding a balance between staying informed and maintaining mental well-being is essential for a healthy relationship with news. News fatigue arises when individuals feel emotionally drained from consuming excessive information, particularly negative reports. ___37___ These may include increased anxiety, emotional numbness over time, and difficulty concentrating on daily tasks. Psychologists warn that prolonged exposure to distressing news may even weaken one’s ability to empathize with others. To foster healthy news consumption, consider the following strategies: set specific times to catch up on news. For example, avoid checking news immediately after waking up or before sleeping, as these moments are critical for mental relaxation. Choose reliable news outlets that offer balanced reporting rather than sensational headlines designed to cause panic. ___38___ And skip stories that merely add unnecessary stress. When a story upsets you, look for ways to contribute, such as volunteering, donating, or spreading awareness. ___39___ Additionally, you can extend your contribution, such as inviting others to join you or tracking small impacts, to handle the distress. ___40___ Follow social media accounts or newsletters dedicated to sharing acts of kindness, scientific breakthroughs, or community achievements. Remind yourself that while challenges exist, countless good deeds and progress occur daily. Remember, you don’t need to consume every piece of news to be an informed citizen. By cultivating mindful media habits and intentionally balancing information intake, you can stay informed without sacrificing emotional well-being. A. Such state leads to measurable consequences. B. Check news constantly to avoid missing updates. C. These active responses help reduce feelings of helplessness. D. Turning to positive news sources helps balance negative news. E. Sharing inspiring news online contributes to attracting more attention. F. Focus on news that directly affects you or corresponds with your interests. G. Exposure to distressing news stories can cause anxiety and emotional exhaustion. 【答案】36. G 37. A 38. F 39. C 40. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍数字时代如何平衡获取新闻与心理健康，分析新闻疲劳的影响，并给出健康新闻消费的策略，助力理性看待新闻。 36. 根据上文“In today’s digital era, we are constantly surrounded by news, both positive and negative. While staying informed is crucial, the continuous flood of headlines, especially something distressing, can sometimes be overwhelming.(在如今的数字时代，我们始终被各类新闻包围，既有积极的也有消极的。尽管了解信息至关重要，但源源不断的新闻标题，尤其是令人不安的内容，有时会让人难以承受)”以及下文“Thus, finding a balance between staying informed and maintaining mental well-being is essential for a healthy relationship with news.(因此，在了解信息与维护心理健康之间找到平衡，对于与新闻建立健康关系至关重要)”可知，此空需补充“令人不安的新闻”对心理的具体影响，为下文“找平衡”提供依据。G选项“Exposure to distressing news stories can cause anxiety and emotional exhaustion.(接触令人不安的新闻会引发焦虑和情绪耗竭)”直接说明负面新闻的心理影响，既承接上文“令人不安的内容难以承受”，又呼应下文“维护心理健康”的必要性，符合语境，故选G项。 37. 根据上文“News fatigue arises when individuals feel emotionally drained from consuming excessive information, particularly negative reports.(当人们因摄入过多信息，尤其是负面报道而感到情绪枯竭时，新闻疲劳就会产生)”以及下文“These may include increased anxiety, emotional numbness over time, and difficulty concentrating on daily tasks.(这些影响可能包括焦虑加剧、长期情绪麻木以及难以专注于日常任务)”可知，此空需衔接“新闻疲劳”与“具体影响”，说明新闻疲劳会带来可感知的后果。A选项“Such state leads to measurable consequences.(这种状态会导致严重的后果)”中的“Such state”指代“新闻疲劳”，“measurable consequences”引出下文“焦虑、情绪麻木”等具体影响，符合语境，故选A项。 38. 根据上文“For example, avoid checking news immediately after waking up or before sleeping, as these moments are critical for mental relaxation. Choose reliable news outlets that offer balanced reporting rather than sensational headlines designed to cause panic.(比如，避免醒来后立即看新闻或睡前看新闻，因为这两个时段对心理放松至关重要。选择那些能提供均衡报道的可靠新闻媒体，而非那些为制造恐慌而设计耸人听闻标题的媒体)”以及下文“And skip stories that merely add unnecessary stress.(跳过那些只会增加不必要压力的新闻)”可知，此空需补充“健康新闻消费”的另一策略，即选择有价值的新闻。F选项“Focus on news that directly affects you or corresponds with your interests.(关注那些直接影响你或与你兴趣相符的新闻)”既呼应“健康新闻消费”的主题，又与下文“跳过无意义新闻”形成互补，符合语境，故选F项。 39. 根据上文“When a story upsets you, look for ways to contribute, such as volunteering, donating, or spreading awareness.(当某条新闻让你不安时，寻找能提供帮助的方式，比如志愿服务、捐款或传播相关知识)”以及下文“Additionally, you can extend your contribution, such as inviting others to join you or tracking small impacts, to handle the distress.(此外，你可以扩大帮助范围，比如邀请他人加入或关注微小的积极影响，以应对不安情绪)”可知，此空需说明“主动提供帮助”的作用，即缓解负面情绪。C选项“These active responses help reduce feelings of helplessness.(这些积极的回应有助于减少无助感)”中的“These active responses”指代“志愿服务、捐款”等行为，“reduce feelings of helplessness”解释了该行为对情绪的积极影响，符合语境，故选C项。 40. 根据下文“Follow social media accounts or newsletters dedicated to sharing acts of kindness, scientific breakthroughs, or community achievements. Remind yourself that while challenges exist, countless good deeds and progress occur daily.(关注致力于分享善举、科学突破或社区成就的社交媒体账号或通讯。提醒自己，尽管挑战存在，但每天都有无数善举和进步在发生)”可知，本段围绕“通过积极新闻平衡负面新闻”展开，此空应作为段落开头，点明主题。D选项“Turning to positive news sources helps balance negative news.(关注积极新闻来源有助于平衡负面新闻)”直接概括主题，与下文“分享善举、科学突破”的积极新闻内容一致，符合语境，故选D项。 2 (吉林省吉林市2025-2026学年高三上学期第一次调研) How to Improve Your English Writing Becoming proficient in English writing is a journey that demands time and consistent practice. ___36___ Here are some practical suggestions to assist you in making significant progress. ·Write regularly. To excel in any skill, repetition is key. Thus, make it a daily habit to write. It could be a journal entry, a brief story, or simply writing down your thoughts regularly. ___37___ ·Get it checked. ___38___ To truly grow, you need an external perspective to point out your mistakes. There are two excellent ways to achieve it. You can turn to online resources, like italki.com and lang-8 or ask a friend, who can check for grammar, spelling, and overall structure. ·___39___ The difference between a basic and an advanced writer often lies in vocabulary. A six-year-old and a 20-year-old might both use correct grammar, but the 20-year-old has a wider range of words. So whenever you run into a useful phrase or word, write it down. And then make a point to use it. This not only enriches your vocabulary but also helps you remember and use new words more effectively. ·Don’t forget the small stuff! Small errors can have a big impact on your writing. ___40___ Also, avoid using “text speak” such as “u” for “you” or “4” for “for,” especially in formal writing. While these shortcuts are acceptable in casual conversations, they are inappropriate when trying to demonstrate your writing skills. A. Expand your vocabulary. B. Read more books to improve your writing. C. Writing on your own is just a part of the process. D. It helps you express yourself more comfortably and fluently over time. E. Spelling mistakes are unimportant in writing as long as the main idea is clear. F. However, with the right strategies, you can steadily enhance your capabilities. G. Incorrect spacing or punctuation mistakes may make your text difficult to read. 【答案】36. F 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提高英语写作能力的几个实用建议。 36. 上文“Becoming proficient in English writing is a journey that demands time and consistent practice.(要熟练掌握英语写作，需要时间和持续的练习)”指出熟练掌握英语写作需要时间和持续练习。F选项“However, with the right strategies, you can steadily enhance your capabilities.(然而，有了正确的策略，你可以稳步提高自己的能力)”与上文构成转折关系，指出虽然需要时间和练习，但还需要正确的方法，同时引出下文“Here are some practical suggestions to assist you in making significant progress.(这里有一些实用的建议，可以帮助你取得显著的进步)”中提出的实用建议，故选F项。 37. 上文“Thus, make it a daily habit to write. It could be a journal entry, a brief story, or simply writing down your thoughts regularly.(因此，养成每天写作的习惯。它可以是日记，短篇小说，或者只是定期写下你的想法)”建议养成每天写作的习惯，D选项“It helps you express yourself more comfortably and fluently over time.(随着时间的推移，它能帮助你更舒适、更流畅地表达自己)”承接上文，说明这样做的好处，即随着时间的推移，写作能帮助你更舒适、流畅地表达自己，故选D项。 38. 根据下文“To truly grow, you need an external perspective to point out your mistakes.(要真正成长，你需要一个外部视角来指出你的错误)”可知，要真正提高写作能力，需要他人的帮助来指出错误，C选项“Writing on your own is just a part of the process.(自己写作只是这个过程的一部分)”引出下文，说明自己写作只是提高写作能力的一部分，还需要他人的帮助，故选C项。 39. 该空为小标题。根据下文“The difference between a basic and an advanced writer often lies in vocabulary.(初级作家和高级作家的区别往往在于词汇量)”和“So whenever you run into a useful phrase or word, write it down. And then make a point to use it.(所以每当你遇到一个有用的短语或单词时，就把它写下来。然后一定要使用它)”可知，本段主要介绍了扩大词汇量的方法。A选项“Expand your vocabulary.(扩大你的词汇量)”符合语境，适合作为本段的小标题，故选A项。 40. 上文“Small errors can have a big impact on your writing.(小错误会对你的写作产生很大的影响)”指出小错误对写作影响很大，G选项“Incorrect spacing or punctuation mistakes may make your text difficult to read.(不正确的空格或标点错误可能会使你的文本难以阅读)”举例说明小错误，如不正确的空格或标点错误，可能会使文本难以阅读，故选G项。 3 (辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校等校2025-2026学年高三上学期联合考试)Compared with the obvious environmental issues we hear about every day, littering(乱丢废物)is often taken lightly. But it’s more severe than we may think. ___36___ This seems to be a completely harmless action due to the fact that if s part of a fruit—right? Actually, no. A banana peel(皮)can take up to two years to decompose(分解)，and with a third of drivers admitting to littering while driving, that’s a whole lot of banana peels, or much worse. An orange peel or a cigarette butt has a similar decomposing term to that of a banana. But tin and aluminium(铝)cans last up to 100 years. ___37___ It’s true that longer-lasting materials will damage the environment and its animals for longer. ___38___ For example, despite its fairly short decomposing term, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is discarded(丢弃)in the UK every day. Besides, our annual littering, which has increased by 500 percent since the 1960s, has caused the UK*s rat population to increase by 60 million. It’s not a cheap habit either: ___39___ So, ifs not surprising that if caught littering you could face a £20,000 fine or even jail time and, if you throw away something dangerous, the court could give you five years to serve. The punishments might seem severe. ___40___ So we still have some way to go in making sure people follow the rules. To take back our beautiful countryside and cities we need to do more than simply not littering. We need to truly care more about the world around us. A. Banana peels are among the most frequent littered stuff. B. But fear of the environmental impact of litter is on the rise. C. Imagine throwing a banana peel out of your car while driving. D. UK taxpayers pay £500 million in order to keep our streets clean. E. And plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles and plastic bags. F. However, among the reported cases only 2,000 out of 825,000 were punished. G. But we can't simply measure the seriousness of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. 【答案】36. C 37. E 38. G 39. D 40. F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类乱扔垃圾造成的结果，并呼吁大家不要乱扔垃圾，保护环境。 36. 根据后文“A banana peel(皮)can take up to two years to decompose(分解)，and with a third of drivers admitting to littering while driving, that’s a whole lot of banana peels, or much worse.”(一块香蕉皮需要两年时间才能分解，三分之一的司机承认在开车时乱扔垃圾，这会是一大堆香蕉皮，或者更糟糕)可知C项“Imagine  throwing a banana peel out of your car while driving.”(想象一下，在开车时把香蕉皮扔出车外的情景)其中throwing a banana peel与后文banana peel相呼应，符合本句语境，故选C项。 37. 根据前句“But tin and aluminium(铝)cans last up to 100 years.”(但是，锡和铝罐子可以持续100年)可知E项“And plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles and plastic bags.”(而塑料瓶和玻璃瓶及塑料袋一样，可以永远存在)其中glass bottles and plastic bags与前句tin和cans形成呼应结构，均表示容器，符合语境，故选E项。 38. 根据前文“It’s true that longer-lasting materials will damage the environment and its animals for longer.”(诚然，更持久的材料会对环境及其动物造成更长时间的损害)可知G项“But we can’t simply measure the seriousness of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime.”(但我们不能简单地以某类垃圾的寿命来衡量其严重性)其中its  lifetime与前句中longer-lasting materials相呼应，符合本段语境，故选G项。 39. 根据前句“It’s not a cheap habit either”(这也不是一个廉价的习惯)可知，D项“UK taxpayers pay £500 million in order to keep our streets clean.”(英国的纳税人支付了5亿英镑，以保持我们的街道清洁)其中pay £500 million与前句中not a cheap habit形成呼应结构，故选D项。 40. 根据前文“The punishments might seem severe”(惩罚可能看起来很严重)可知F项“However, among the reported cases only 2,000 out of 825,000 were punished.”(然而，在报告的案件中，82.5万件中只有2000件受到了惩罚)其中punished与前文The punishments相呼应，符合本段语境，故选F项。 4 (2026届浙江省湖州市长兴县长兴中学高三上学期10月一模)I vividly remember the process of moving in for the first time: stuffing clothes, comfort items, and pieces of my childhood into various bags and boxes. It was a whirlwind(旋风)of excitement. ___36___ What would it be like living at college? Would I get along with my roommate? How would I make friends with complete strangers? ___37___ I had always felt like I struggled more than others to find “my people.” In high school, I had a few close friends, but it always seemed like everyone else had these big, inseparable friend groups that did everything together. I wanted that, and the sense of belonging, too. Like many, I was attracted by the first people I met in college. ___38___ We lived next to each other, ate together, and stayed up late together. They were my early friend group, and they brought laughter, growth, and memories — both positive and negative. Those highs and lows taught me an important lesson: Not every friendship is meant to last, and that’s okay. Your friendships don’t just impact your social life — they affect your motivation, your academics, and, among other things, your sense of self. I have found it valuable to surround myself with people who share my values to keep me grounded. ___39___ College is one of the few places in life where you’re surrounded by people from vastly different backgrounds and experiences. Keeping an open mind is just as important as finding common ground. College can be, and probably will be, chaotic. People come and go. You’ll probably cry over friendships that didn’t work out. ___40___ That’s all part of the process. Over time, you will find your people. A. They’re part of your story. B. But it was also filled with uncertainty. C. I wouldn’t trade my friendship for anything. D. They mostly so happened to be the people on my floor. E. That said, don’t limit yourself to just those who are like you. F. You may smile at memories with people no longer close with. G. Of all the unknowns, the last question consumed me the most. 【答案】36. B 37. G 38. D 39. E 40. F 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章结合作者在大学的经历讲述了如何在大学交朋友、正确的友谊观以及如何对待失去的友情。 36. 上文“I vividly remember the process of moving in for the first time: stuffing clothes, comfort items, and pieces of my childhood into various bags and boxes. It was a whirlwind(旋风)of excitement.(我清晰地记得第一次搬进去的情景：把衣服、贴心物件，还有承载着童年回忆的物品，一一塞进大大小小的袋子和箱子里。那真是一段满心激动的时光)”描述了作者兴奋的状态，下文“What would it be like living at college? Would I get along with my roommate? How would I make friends with complete strangers?(住在大学里会是什么样子？我能和我的室友处得好吗？我怎么和完全陌生的人交朋友？)”指出了作者的一系列担忧。由此可知，作者在兴奋的同时也有一些不确定的地方。B项“但它也充满了不确定性”符合语境，承上启下，故选B。 37. 下文“I had always felt like I struggled more than others to find “my people.” In high school, I had a few close friends, but it always seemed like everyone else had these big, inseparable friend groups that did everything together. I wanted that, and the sense of belonging, too.(我一直觉得，自己比别人更难找到 “同类挚友”。高中时，我有几个要好的朋友，但总感觉其他人都有那种庞大又形影不离的朋友圈，做什么事都一起。我也渴望那样的圈子，渴望那种归属感)”推测，最让作者困惑的问题是在大学如何交到志同道合的朋友。G项“在所有的未知中，最后一个问题最让我困惑”符合语境，承接上文的最后一个问题，下文解释作者担心的原因，故选G。 38. 上文“Like many, I was attracted by the first people I met in college.(和许多人一样，我被大学里遇到的第一批人所吸引)”指出作者被遇到的第一批人吸引，由此推测，空处可能陈述这群人指的是“哪群”。D项“他们大多碰巧是我这一层的人”符合语境，they指代上文的the first people，故选D。 39. 上文“I have found it valuable to surround myself with people who share my values to keep me grounded.(我发现同和我有共同价值观的人在一起让我脚踏实地是很有价值的)”指出与有共同价值观的人在一起很有价值，后文“College is one of the few places in life where you’re surrounded by people from vastly different backgrounds and experiences. Keeping an open mind is just as important as finding common ground.(大学是人生中少数能让你被背景和经历截然不同的人围绕的地方之一。保持开放心态，和寻找共同话题同样重要)”转而陈述要和不同背景和经历的人交往。由此可知，在大学不要局限于与自己有共同价值观的人在一起。E项“尽管如此，不要把自己局限在只和与你相似的人交往上”符合语境，承上启下，故选E。 40. 上文“College can be, and probably will be, chaotic. People come and go. You’ll probably cry over friendships that didn’t work out.(大学可能会是，而且大概率就是混乱无序的。身边的人来来去去，你或许还会为那些无疾而终的友谊掉眼泪)”指出身边的朋友可能离开，下文“That’s all part of the process. Over time, you will find your people.(这都是成长过程中的一部分。久而久之，你总会找到与自己合拍的挚友)”指出随着时间的流逝我们可以找到挚友。由此推测，空处承接上文继续陈述可能会怎样对待失去的友谊。F项“你可能会微笑着回忆那些不再亲近的人”符合语境，故选F。 5 (2026届浙江省强基联盟高三上学期10月一模)Nostalgia — the warm feeling of longing for the past— is everywhere in today’s culture. Movies like Barbie, Indiana Jones, and Top Gun are drawing huge crowds by bringing back old favorites. ___36___ On the surface, nostalgia simply makes us feel good. ___37___ According to Professor Ziyan Yang from the Institute of Psychology, CAS, nostalgia creates feelings of warmth, belonging, and even a mental escape to the past. During tough times — whether personal struggles or global crises — nostalgia acts like an emotional safety net. Movies and music are powerful triggers because they recreate familiar emotions and experiences. ___38___ First, it gives us a sense of control. Even when life feels unpredictable, reflecting on our past helps us feel more grounded and secure. Second, nostalgia strengthens social bonds. Though it seems like a personal experience, nostalgic memories often remind us of family, friends, and shared moments. What does nostalgia do to our brains? Mostly good things! Studies show it boosts happiness, creativity, and energy by activating positive emotions. ___39___ This youthful optimism encourages us to take risks and chase our goals. Some researchers suggest nostalgia acts like a “psychological immune system”, helping us cope with stress. But can too much nostalgia be harmful? In small amounts, it’s healthy. However, if we think about the past too much, it can keep us from moving forward. The key is balance — enjoying memories without losing sight of the present. ___40___ It helps us reconnect with our true selves and remember who we really are. In short, nostalgia isn’t just about reliving the past — it’s a tool that helps us navigate the present and future with hope. A. But why do we love nostalgia so much? B. This is why reunions feel so meaningful to us. C. Nostalgia also serves key psychological needs. D. However, psychology experts say there’s more to it. E. It can even make us feel younger and more optimistic. F. Remembering happy memories brings comfort and joy. G. Still, in general, nostalgia is a natural and positive part of life. 【答案】36. A 37. D 38. C 39. E 40. G 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述怀旧的普遍现象、心理作用、对大脑的积极影响及平衡之道，指出其有助于应对当下与未来。 36. 由上文“Nostalgia — the warm feeling of longing for the past— is everywhere in today’s culture. Movies like Barbie, Indiana Jones, and Top Gun are drawing huge crowds by bringing back old favorites.(怀旧之情——对过去的温暖渴望——在当今的文化中无处不在。像《芭比》、《夺宝奇兵》和《壮志凌云》这样的电影通过重现经典而吸引了大量观众)”及下文“On the surface, nostalgia simply makes us feel good.(从表面上看，怀旧只是让我们感觉良好)”对怀旧情感的详细解释可知，本空应询问为什么人们喜欢怀旧。A选项“But why do we love nostalgia so much?(但我们为什么这么喜欢怀旧呢？)”以问句形式开启原因探讨，能承上启下，符合题意，故选A。 37. 由上文“On the surface, nostalgia simply makes us feel good.(从表面上看，怀旧只是让我们感觉良好)”及下文“According to Professor Ziyan Yang from the Institute of Psychology, CAS, nostalgia creates feelings of warmth, belonging, and even a mental escape to the past. During tough times — whether personal struggles or global crises — nostalgia acts like an emotional safety net. Movies and music are powerful triggers because they recreate familiar emotions and experiences.(据中国科学院心理研究所杨紫嫣教授介绍，怀旧之情会让人产生温暖、归属感，甚至是一种精神上对过去的逃避。在艰难时期——无论是个人困境还是全球性危机——怀旧都如同一道情感安全网。电影和音乐是强大的怀旧触发因素，因为它们能重现熟悉的情感和经历)”可知，本空需体现“表面现象”与“深层作用”的转折。D选项“However, psychology experts say there’s more to it.(然而，心理学专家表示，事情远不止于此)”既转折上文“简单的表面感受”，又引出下文专家对怀旧深层意义的解读，符合逻辑，故选D。 38. 由下文“First, it gives us a sense of control. Even when life feels unpredictable, reflecting on our past helps us feel more grounded and secure. Second, nostalgia strengthens social bonds.(首先，它给我们一种控制感。即使生活感觉不可预测，回顾过去也能让我们感到更加踏实和安全。其次，怀旧加强了社会联系)”可知，本段说明怀旧带心理上的满足。C选项“Nostalgia also serves key psychological needs.(怀旧也满足关键的心理需求)”直接概括了下文的内容，起到了引领下文的作用，故选C。 39. 由上文“What does nostalgia do to our brains? Mostly good things! Studies show it boosts happiness, creativity, and energy by activating positive emotions.(怀旧对我们的大脑有什么影响？大部分都是好东西！研究表明，它通过激活积极情绪来提高幸福感、创造力和能量)”及下文“This youthful optimism encourages us to take risks and chase our goals.(这种年轻的乐观心态鼓励我们冒险、追求目标)”可知，本空应继续解释怀旧对大脑的影响，强调怀旧能让人们感觉年轻乐观。E选项“It can even make us feel younger and more optimistic.(它甚至能让我们感觉更年轻、更乐观)”能承上启下，且句中“younger and more optimistic”与下文“This youthful optimism”相照应，故选E。 40. 由上文“But can too much nostalgia be harmful? In small amounts, it’s healthy. However, if we think about the past too much, it can keep us from moving forward. The key is balance — enjoying memories without losing sight of the present.(但太多的怀旧会有害吗？少量摄入是健康的。然而，如果我们过多地思考过去，它可能会阻碍我们前进。关键在于平衡——在不忽视当下的情况下享受回忆)”及下文“It helps us reconnect with our true selves and remember who we really are.(它帮助我们重新连接真实的自我，记住自己的本质)”可知，本空需回归“怀旧的整体积极属性”，引出下文对其正面作用的补充。G选项“Still, in general, nostalgia is a natural and positive part of life.(不过，总的来说，怀旧是生活中自然且积极的一部分)”能承上启下，符合题意，故选G。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 一模前专题练04 阅读七选五之设空剖析 【设空特点】 卷 别 主题语境 体 裁 话 题 设空位置及数量 2025·全国一卷 人与社会 记叙文 咖啡馆里平凡英雄 段首设空0 段中设空4 段尾设空1 2025·全国二卷 人与社会 说明文 家人同参志愿活动 段首设空2 段中设空2 段尾设空1 2024·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷 人与自我 说明文 使用英语词典心得 段首设空1 段中设空4 段尾设空0 2024·新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷 人与自我 说明文 如何避免过度旅游 段首设空1 段中设空3 段尾设空1 2023·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷 人与自我 说明文 自我宽恕增强自信 段首设空0 段中设空4 段尾设空1 2023·新课标全国 ⅠI 卷 人与自我 说明文 开启艺术之旅建议 段首设空1 段中设空3 段尾设空1 统计显示：三年高考段中设空为主(计20题)，段首、段尾设空为辅(各为5题)。 在阅读七选五中，句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同，因而考查的功能也有所不同。段首设空所要填的内容起概括主旨的作用；段中设空所要填的内容起注释细节、体现逻辑关系的作用；段尾设空所要填的内容起承上启下或归纳总结的作用。除此之外，三种设空处所要填的内容都有一个共同的作用：不是承上，就是启下，或者兼而有之(承上启下)。 此外，还有一种设空的方式是标题设空，其特点非常明显：位于文章的首位或是段与段之间，呈现形式为单独成行或成段。 【考情概览】 一、段首设空的主要考点：段落标题句、段落主旨句、段落过渡句(承上启下句或导入句)。 此外，设空在首段段首处时，有可能考查的是通篇主题句。 二、段中设空的主要考点：段中瞻前关联句、段中顾后关联句和段中瞻前顾后关联句。 三、段尾设空的主要考点：首段末句设空的考点：承上启下句，引出全文要谈的几个方面或段落；全文主题句；中间段末句设空的考点：总结型段尾句(空格所在段落的主题句或总结句，往往与段落开头呼应)；过渡型段尾句(承上启下过渡句或细节支撑句，与空前或下段内容形成某种内在的逻辑关系)；尾段末句设空的考点：往往是全文的总结句(往往与文章开头呼应)。 此外，考生还要关注备选项和某些/个空格前后是“半截句”的情况：复合句残缺主句或从句；并列句残缺一个分句；简单句残缺某些成分(请参看本系列资料的三年真题解读02中的“八个‘匹配’要遵守”中的7. 半截句匹配)。 【解题锦囊】 注意：三年真题解读02中的“解题通用四锦囊”和“八个‘匹配’”仍适用。笔者只不过是根据设空位置的不同将解题锦囊细化而已。 一、解段首设空题 1. 上下“对标” 对照其他标题的表达形式，上下“对标”，看其呈现形式是否和其他小标题相一致，即要遵守“句式匹配”原则。 2. 快速“提炼” 注意阅读相关段落内容，提炼其中的中心词(留意体现主旨的同义词复现)串成大体的意思与备选项中的某些选项比对，搞定段落主题句。这个主题与下文是“总——分”关系。 3. 合理“推断” 认真阅读空后的下文内容，掌握该段大意，推断出主旨与备选项中的某些选项比对，搞定段落主题句。 4. 抓住“重点” 设空处在段首时(设空在首段段首处除外)，很有可能是过渡句(承上启下句或导入句)。因此，要阅读 上下文并抓住两个重点：重点了解上一段，尤其是尾句的内容，还要快速浏览下一段的内容；二是要标出关键词。使所选答案能够把上下两段内容紧密的衔接起来。 【典例】1 【2023·全国甲卷节选】 Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person … ●Practice gratitude(感激) … ● Make yourself wait … ●___39___. So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “___40___(This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable) .” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable D. All this adds up to a state of hurry E. It can also help us practice more patience F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 【典例】2 【2024·全国甲卷节选】 What is moderation(适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. … Take your time. … Eat with others whenever possible. … Control emotional(情绪的) eating. … ___40___ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism(新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14—16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A. Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 【典例】3 【2022·全国甲卷节选】 Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette(礼节)might surprise you with some of its important rules…. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. .. Hands or Utensils(餐具) In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. … Making Requests ___39___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries…. A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 二、解段中设空题 1. 把握“主旨” 利用段落小标题或段落首句的概括引领作用，对空格所在段的主旨做到心中有数。 2. “瞻前”“顾后” “瞻前”：看段中空与空前部分在逻辑和语义上的关系；“顾后”：看段中空与空后部分在逻辑和语义上的关系；既“瞻前”又“顾后”：一层意思是指，既看段中空与空前部分在逻辑和语义上的关系，又看段中空与空后部分在逻辑和语义上的关系；另一层意思是指，看空格与备选项的某个选项的关联度(从词语复现、代词一致、逻辑一致以及语义一致等角度去权衡)。 说明：以下这些逻辑关系主要集中体现在“段中空”中，都是其中部分关系也会出现在“段首空或段尾空”中，只不过为了突出其重要性，笔者放在这一块统一讲而已。 (1)例证关系 显性的和隐性的例证关系。显性例证关系的标志性词汇有：as a matter of/in fact, for example/for instance, in other words/that is to say, such as, actually, like等等。 类似于例证关系的还有解释关系：设空处是对前文观点的解辑和支持性说明。 (2)并列关系 常见的标志性词汇有：and, first, second, not only... but..., firstly, next, then等等。 (3)递进关系 常见的标志性词汇有：also, even, besides, in addition, further, furthermore, moreover, not ... but, what’s more, to make matters worse, what’s worse, what’s more等等。 (4)转折关系 常见的标志性词汇有：but, however, though, yet, nevertheless, otherwise/or, whereas, instead, at any rate, in any case, on the contrary以及although/though/as, in spite of等等。 另外，要注意让步关系常见的标志性词汇：although/though/as/while, despite/in spite of等等。 (5)因果关系 常见的标志性词汇有：hence,so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result等等。 特别提醒：以上所有这些标志性词汇有可能出现在原文中，也有可能出现在备选项中。 【典例】1 【2024·全国甲卷节选】 Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(原稿). ___36___ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. … A. I don’t often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don’t want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. 【典例】2 【2021·全国甲卷节选】 A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers. ●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ___37___, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable. A. Less people than that B. Hold a clothing swap C. If two people are competing D. Just keep music playing throughout E. Donate whatever clothes are left over F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 【典例】3 【2022·全国甲卷节选】 One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious(有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. ___39___ “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B. She has two children aged eight and four. C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. 【典例】4 【2021·新高考I卷节选】 Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ___38___ French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. 【典例】5 【2021·全国乙卷节选】 ●Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___38___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club; we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. A. Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don’t throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 【典例】6 【2022·全国新课标I卷节选】 So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___37___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 【典例】7 【2023·浙江1月卷节选】 Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. ___37___ Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. A. Train trips aren’t for impatient types. B. You’ll have views from both sides of the train. C. The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D. That’s particularly true during busy summer months. E. You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one. F. Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom. G. He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner. 【典例】8 【2025·浙江1月卷节选】 ●Don’t use ten words when one will do. Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. ___38___ However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple. A. Be patient. B. Get the audience involved. C. The best messages are often simple. D. Speak directly to what matters to them. E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer. F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to. G. As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say. 【典例】9 【2023·全国甲卷节选】 The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced(三倍行距)copy to allow space for revision. ___ 39___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块)of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ... A. Make sure your handwriting is neat. B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C. The second draft of the essay should be better. D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. 三、解段尾设空题 1. 甄别考点：根据位置甄别考点(参看上文“段尾设空的主要考点”)。 2. 对症下药：首段末句设空和中间段末句设空，采用“前呼后应”法解题：尾句要跟段首句呼应以及要跟上文中的一两句呼应(也包括“词汇<同词或同义词>复现”方面的“呼应”)；或采用“瞻前顾后”法解题：先看空格前的句子，看是否与尾句有关联。如果看不出，就要考虑看下一段的首句，看看是否有关联；尾段末句设空，采用“逻辑优先”法解题：分析尾句与空格的上文之间(包括首段主题句)的逻辑关系。 【典例】1 【2021·浙江6月卷节选】 You’ve got mail…and it’s a postcard Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum. Or Africa’s Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall. ___11___ “I often send postcards to family and friends.” he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it ...” A. And that’s totally fine B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world. E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million. F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away. G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away. 【典例】2 【2020·全国新课标I卷(山东卷)节选】 Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. ___18___ A. Do the opposite. B. You want to be an effective public speaker. C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip. D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more. E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 【典例】3 【2022·全国新课标I卷节选】 My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___39___ A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 【典例】4 【2022·全国乙卷节选】 ___38___(F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking)? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox(讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. ___39___. And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment(赞扬)... So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard. A. How do you know the host B. The first step is to go exploring C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?” D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 【典例】5 【2025·北京卷节选】 So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. ___38___(C. It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others.)We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture(培养)emotional and identity development. ___39___ A. It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B. They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work. C. It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D. In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. E. They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F. You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music. G. When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. 1 In today’s digital era, we are constantly surrounded by news, both positive and negative. While staying informed is crucial, the continuous flood of headlines, especially something distressing, can sometimes be overwhelming. ___36___ Thus, finding a balance between staying informed and maintaining mental well-being is essential for a healthy relationship with news. News fatigue arises when individuals feel emotionally drained from consuming excessive information, particularly negative reports. ___37___ These may include increased anxiety, emotional numbness over time, and difficulty concentrating on daily tasks. Psychologists warn that prolonged exposure to distressing news may even weaken one’s ability to empathize with others. To foster healthy news consumption, consider the following strategies: set specific times to catch up on news. For example, avoid checking news immediately after waking up or before sleeping, as these moments are critical for mental relaxation. Choose reliable news outlets that offer balanced reporting rather than sensational headlines designed to cause panic. ___38___ And skip stories that merely add unnecessary stress. When a story upsets you, look for ways to contribute, such as volunteering, donating, or spreading awareness. ___39___ Additionally, you can extend your contribution, such as inviting others to join you or tracking small impacts, to handle the distress. ___40___ Follow social media accounts or newsletters dedicated to sharing acts of kindness, scientific breakthroughs, or community achievements. Remind yourself that while challenges exist, countless good deeds and progress occur daily. Remember, you don’t need to consume every piece of news to be an informed citizen. By cultivating mindful media habits and intentionally balancing information intake, you can stay informed without sacrificing emotional well-being. A. Such state leads to measurable consequences. B. Check news constantly to avoid missing updates. C. These active responses help reduce feelings of helplessness. D. Turning to positive news sources helps balance negative news. E. Sharing inspiring news online contributes to attracting more attention. F. Focus on news that directly affects you or corresponds with your interests. G. Exposure to distressing news stories can cause anxiety and emotional exhaustion. 2 (吉林省吉林市2025-2026学年高三上学期第一次调研) How to Improve Your English Writing Becoming proficient in English writing is a journey that demands time and consistent practice. ___36___ Here are some practical suggestions to assist you in making significant progress. ·Write regularly. To excel in any skill, repetition is key. Thus, make it a daily habit to write. It could be a journal entry, a brief story, or simply writing down your thoughts regularly. ___37___ ·Get it checked. ___38___ To truly grow, you need an external perspective to point out your mistakes. There are two excellent ways to achieve it. You can turn to online resources, like italki.com and lang-8 or ask a friend, who can check for grammar, spelling, and overall structure. ·___39___ The difference between a basic and an advanced writer often lies in vocabulary. A six-year-old and a 20-year-old might both use correct grammar, but the 20-year-old has a wider range of words. So whenever you run into a useful phrase or word, write it down. And then make a point to use it. This not only enriches your vocabulary but also helps you remember and use new words more effectively. ·Don’t forget the small stuff! Small errors can have a big impact on your writing. ___40___ Also, avoid using “text speak” such as “u” for “you” or “4” for “for,” especially in formal writing. While these shortcuts are acceptable in casual conversations, they are inappropriate when trying to demonstrate your writing skills. A. Expand your vocabulary. B. Read more books to improve your writing. C. Writing on your own is just a part of the process. D. It helps you express yourself more comfortably and fluently over time. E. Spelling mistakes are unimportant in writing as long as the main idea is clear. F. However, with the right strategies, you can steadily enhance your capabilities. G. Incorrect spacing or punctuation mistakes may make your text difficult to read. 3 (辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校等校2025-2026学年高三上学期联合考试)Compared with the obvious environmental issues we hear about every day, littering(乱丢废物)is often taken lightly. But it’s more severe than we may think. ___36___ This seems to be a completely harmless action due to the fact that if s part of a fruit—right? Actually, no. A banana peel(皮)can take up to two years to decompose(分解)，and with a third of drivers admitting to littering while driving, that’s a whole lot of banana peels, or much worse. An orange peel or a cigarette butt has a similar decomposing term to that of a banana. But tin and aluminium(铝)cans last up to 100 years. ___37___ It’s true that longer-lasting materials will damage the environment and its animals for longer. ___38___ For example, despite its fairly short decomposing term, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is discarded(丢弃)in the UK every day. Besides, our annual littering, which has increased by 500 percent since the 1960s, has caused the UK*s rat population to increase by 60 million. It’s not a cheap habit either: ___39___ So, ifs not surprising that if caught littering you could face a £20,000 fine or even jail time and, if you throw away something dangerous, the court could give you five years to serve. The punishments might seem severe. ___40___ So we still have some way to go in making sure people follow the rules. To take back our beautiful countryside and cities we need to do more than simply not littering. We need to truly care more about the world around us. A. Banana peels are among the most frequent littered stuff. B. But fear of the environmental impact of litter is on the rise. C. Imagine throwing a banana peel out of your car while driving. D. UK taxpayers pay £500 million in order to keep our streets clean. E. And plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles and plastic bags. F. However, among the reported cases only 2,000 out of 825,000 were punished. G. But we can't simply measure the seriousness of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. 4 (2026届浙江省湖州市长兴县长兴中学高三上学期10月一模)I vividly remember the process of moving in for the first time: stuffing clothes, comfort items, and pieces of my childhood into various bags and boxes. It was a whirlwind(旋风)of excitement. ___36___ What would it be like living at college? Would I get along with my roommate? How would I make friends with complete strangers? ___37___ I had always felt like I struggled more than others to find “my people.” In high school, I had a few close friends, but it always seemed like everyone else had these big, inseparable friend groups that did everything together. I wanted that, and the sense of belonging, too. Like many, I was attracted by the first people I met in college. ___38___ We lived next to each other, ate together, and stayed up late together. They were my early friend group, and they brought laughter, growth, and memories — both positive and negative. Those highs and lows taught me an important lesson: Not every friendship is meant to last, and that’s okay. Your friendships don’t just impact your social life — they affect your motivation, your academics, and, among other things, your sense of self. I have found it valuable to surround myself with people who share my values to keep me grounded. ___39___ College is one of the few places in life where you’re surrounded by people from vastly different backgrounds and experiences. Keeping an open mind is just as important as finding common ground. College can be, and probably will be, chaotic. People come and go. You’ll probably cry over friendships that didn’t work out. ___40___ That’s all part of the process. Over time, you will find your people. A. They’re part of your story. B. But it was also filled with uncertainty. C. I wouldn’t trade my friendship for anything. D. They mostly so happened to be the people on my floor. E. That said, don’t limit yourself to just those who are like you. F. You may smile at memories with people no longer close with. G. Of all the unknowns, the last question consumed me the most. 5 (2026届浙江省强基联盟高三上学期10月一模)Nostalgia — the warm feeling of longing for the past— is everywhere in today’s culture. Movies like Barbie, Indiana Jones, and Top Gun are drawing huge crowds by bringing back old favorites. ___36___ On the surface, nostalgia simply makes us feel good. ___37___ According to Professor Ziyan Yang from the Institute of Psychology, CAS, nostalgia creates feelings of warmth, belonging, and even a mental escape to the past. During tough times — whether personal struggles or global crises — nostalgia acts like an emotional safety net. Movies and music are powerful triggers because they recreate familiar emotions and experiences. ___38___ First, it gives us a sense of control. Even when life feels unpredictable, reflecting on our past helps us feel more grounded and secure. Second, nostalgia strengthens social bonds. Though it seems like a personal experience, nostalgic memories often remind us of family, friends, and shared moments. What does nostalgia do to our brains? Mostly good things! Studies show it boosts happiness, creativity, and energy by activating positive emotions. ___39___ This youthful optimism encourages us to take risks and chase our goals. Some researchers suggest nostalgia acts like a “psychological immune system”, helping us cope with stress. But can too much nostalgia be harmful? In small amounts, it’s healthy. However, if we think about the past too much, it can keep us from moving forward. The key is balance — enjoying memories without losing sight of the present. ___40___ It helps us reconnect with our true selves and remember who we really are. In short, nostalgia isn’t just about reliving the past — it’s a tool that helps us navigate the present and future with hope. A. But why do we love nostalgia so much? B. This is why reunions feel so meaningful to us. C. Nostalgia also serves key psychological needs. D. However, psychology experts say there’s more to it. E. It can even make us feel younger and more optimistic. F. Remembering happy memories brings comfort and joy. G. Still, in general, nostalgia is a natural and positive part of life. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $