语态 导学案-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

专题二 动词语态 ( 语态精讲 ) 语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。 1. 被动语态的构成 be+动词的过去分词 不同时态 被动结构形式 一般现在时 am/is/are +vt. pp 一般过去时 was/were +vt. pp 现在进行时 am/is/are +being+vt. pp 过去进行时 was/were +being+vt. pp 一般将来时 will+be+vt. pp 过去将来时 would+be+vt. pp 现在完成时 has/have+been+vt. pp 过去完成时 had+been+vt. pp 含情态动词 情态动词+be+vt. pp ◆I love playing basketball and I hope a basketball court will be built in the near future（在不久的将来建一个篮球场）. ◆These books mustn’t be taken out of the library. 这些书不准被带出图书馆。 2. 被动语态的用法 1) 不知道谁是动作的执行者时，或没必要知道动作的执行者。 ◆Breakfast is provided in our hotel from 7 o’clock to 9 o’clock. 我们酒店在七点至九点提供早餐。 2) 强调或突出动作的承受者时。 ◆Mr. Lin is greatly respected by all of us. 林老师很受我们大家尊敬。 3) 句法修辞需要。 ◆The prize will be given to those who have made great contributions to the world. 这些奖会给那些为世界作出杰出贡献的人。 ★特别提示 有些习惯用法只以被动形式出现，常用的有： be born 出生 be determined to do 下定决心做... be occupied with 忙于... be devoted to 致力于.. be dressed in 穿着... be located/situated in 位于... ◆My hometown is located in the north of Sichuan Province. 我的家乡位于四川省北部。 3. 主动形式表被动意义 1) 系动词feel, look, sound, smell, taste用主动形式表示被动意义。 ◆Your idea sounds (sound) wonderful but it isn’t practical.你的想法听起来很棒但不切实际。 2) 表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，draw等，常与well，easily，smoothly等副词连用，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。 ◆The sign reads as follows.告示如下。 ◆This shirt doesn’t wash well. 这件衬衫不好洗。 3)表示“发生”含义的不及物动词（happen/take place/occur发生，break out爆发）。 ◆An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed. 昨晚这条路上发生了一起意外事故，五个人遇难。 ◆A big fire broke out in the area last week. 上周那个地区发生了一场大火。 4. 被动语态注意事项 1) 不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态。 2) 某些表状态的及物动词或动词短语没有被动语态： have、own、possess拥有；lack 缺少；suit 适合；belong to 属于；consist of 由……组成等。 ◆Lions and tigers belong to the cat family. 狮子和老虎属于猫科。 3) 有些句子受宾语限制不能改为被动语态。 ◆You should help each other whatever happens. ◆They live a happy life in the countryside. 4) 在被动语态中，感官动词see/hear/look/watch/notice/feel等和使役动词help/make等在主动语态中省略的to要补充出来。 ◆The children were made to clean up the house yesterday. ( 巩固训练 ) 1. The city has been recognized (recognize) as the musical capital of Europe since the 16th century, home to the likes of Mozart and Beethoven. 2. My washing machine is being repaired (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 3. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, is regarded (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 4. The medical team which consists (consist) of three doctors and five nurses has set off for Shanghai. 5. A lot of differences can be found (find) between the two languages. 6. A new cinema is being built (build) here. They hope to finish it next month. 7. The design of the new bridge had been finished (finish) by the end of last month. 8. The famous musician, as well as his students, was invited (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony last night. 9. All the Harry Potter books by J.K. Rowling sell (sell) well all over the world. 10. Hurry up, or the tickets will have been sold (sell) out by the time we get there. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题二 动词语态 ( 语态精讲 ) 语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。 1. 被动语态的构成 be+动词的过去分词 不同时态 被动结构形式 一般现在时 am/is/are +vt. pp 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 含情态动词 ◆I love playing basketball and I hope ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________（在不久的将来建一个篮球场）. ◆________________________________________________________________________________ 这些书不准被带出图书馆。 2. 被动语态的用法 1) 不知道谁是动作的执行者时，或没必要知道动作的执行者。 ◆________________________________________________________________________________ 我们酒店在七点至九点提供早餐。 2) 强调或突出动作的承受者时。 ◆________________________________________________________________________________ 林老师很受我们大家尊敬。 3) 句法修辞需要。 ◆________________________________________________________________________________ 这些奖会给那些为世界作出杰出贡献的人。 ★特别提示 有些习惯用法只以被动形式出现，常用的有： be born 出生 be determined to do 下定决心做... be occupied with 忙于... _________________________ 致力于.. _________________________ 穿着... _________________________ 位于... ◆________________________________________________________________________________ 我的家乡位于四川省北部。 3. 主动形式表被动意义 1) 系动词feel, look, sound, smell, taste用主动形式表示被动意义。 ◆Your idea ______________ (sound) wonderful but it isn’t practical.你的想法听起来很棒但不切实际。 2) 表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，draw等，常与well，easily，smoothly等副词连用，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。 ◆The sign reads as follows.告示如下。 ◆________________________________________________________________ 这件衬衫不好洗。 3)表示“发生”含义的不及物动词（happen/take place/occur发生，break out爆发）。 ◆An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed. 昨晚这条路上发生了一起意外事故，五个人遇难。 ◆________________________________________________________________________________ 上周那个地区发生了一场大火。 4. 被动语态注意事项 1) 不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态。 2) 某些表状态的及物动词或动词短语没有被动语态： have、own、possess拥有；lack 缺少；suit 适合；belong to 属于；consist of 由……组成等。 ◆________________________________________________________________________________ 狮子和老虎属于猫科。 3) 有些句子受宾语限制不能改为被动语态。 ◆You should help each other whatever happens. ◆They live a happy life in the countryside. 4) 在被动语态中，感官动词see/hear/look/watch/notice/feel等和使役动词help/make等在主动语态中省略的to要补充出来。 ◆The children were made to clean up the house yesterday. ( 巩固训练 ) 1. The city _____________________ (recognize) as the musical capital of Europe since the 16th century, home to the likes of Mozart and Beethoven. 2. My washing machine ____________________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 3. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, __________________ (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 4. The medical team which ________________ (consist) of three doctors and five nurses has set off for Shanghai. 5. A lot of differences can __________________ (find) between the two languages. 6. A new cinema _____________________ (build) here. They hope to finish it next month. 7. The design of the new bridge ______________________ (finish) by the end of last month. 8. The famous musician, as well as his students, ____________________ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony last night. 9. All the Harry Potter books by J.K. Rowling __________________(sell) well all over the world. 10. Hurry up, or the tickets _________________________ (sell) out by the time we get there. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $