内容正文:
沪外版必修1 UNIT 2 Language and culture.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
confusing adj. 难以理解的
比较级:more confusing;最高级:most confusing
confuse vt. 使困惑;confusion n. 困惑
1. confusing instructions(难懂的说明)2. be confusing to(对……来说难以理解)
The new math problem is confusing for most students.(这道新数学题让大多数学生感到困惑。)
2
Mexican n. 墨西哥人;adj. 墨西哥的
名词复数:Mexicans;形容词无比较级
Mexico n. 墨西哥
1. Mexican food(墨西哥食物)2. Mexican culture(墨西哥文化)
Many Mexicans celebrate the Day of the Dead.(许多墨西哥人庆祝亡灵节。)
3
soil n. 国土;领土;土壤
名词复数:soils
无
1. fertile soil(肥沃的土壤)2. on the soil(在国土上)
Plants grow well in rich, dark soil.(植物在肥沃的黑土中生长良好。)
4
Spanish n. 西班牙语;adj. 西班牙的;西班牙人的
不可数名词;形容词无比较级
无
1. speak Spanish(说西班牙语)2. Spanish culture(西班牙文化)
She has been learning Spanish for three years.(她已经学了三年西班牙语。)
5
immediate adj. 立即的,立刻的;直接的
比较级:more immediate;最高级:most immediate
immediately adv. 立即;马上
1. immediate action(立即行动)2. immediate response(直接回应)
We need to take immediate action to solve the problem.(我们需要立即采取行动解决这个问题。)
6
confusion n. 困惑;不确定;混淆
名词复数:confusions
confuse vt. 使困惑;confusing adj. 难以理解的
1. in confusion(困惑地)2. avoid confusion(避免混淆)
Her explanation only added to the confusion.(她的解释反而增加了困惑。)
7
embarrassment n. 窘迫;难堪;尴尬
不可数名词/复数embarrassments
embarrass vt. 使窘迫;embarrassed adj. 窘迫的
1. feel embarrassment(感到窘迫)2. cause embarrassment(造成尴尬)
He felt great embarrassment when he forgot her name.(他忘记她的名字时,感到极度窘迫。)
8
torn adj.(在两者之间)难以选择,左右为难;撕破的
无比较级/最高级
tear vt./vi. 撕破;撕开(tore, torn)
1. be torn between(在……之间两难)2. torn clothes(撕破的衣服)
She is torn between studying abroad and staying with her family.(她在出国留学和陪伴家人之间左右为难。)
9
pleasant adj. 令人愉快的;可喜的;舒适的
比较级:more pleasant;最高级:most pleasant
pleasure n. 愉快;pleasantly adv. 愉快地
1. pleasant weather(宜人的天气)2. pleasant conversation(愉快的交谈)
We spent a pleasant afternoon in the park.(我们在公园里度过了一个愉快的下午。)
10
deliver v. 递送;传送;发表;分娩
过去式/过去分词:delivered
delivery n. 递送;交付
1. deliver sth. to sb.(把某物递送给某人)2. deliver a speech(发表演讲)
The postman delivers newspapers to our neighborhood every morning.(邮递员每天早上给我们小区送报纸。)
11
signal v. 发信号;示意;标志;表明;n. 信号;暗号
动词过去式/过去分词:signaled;名词复数:signals
无
1. signal to sb.(向某人示意)2. signal sth.(标志某事)
He signaled to us that it was time to leave.(他向我们示意该走了。)
12
wrist n. 手腕;腕关节
名词复数:wrists
无
1. on the wrist(在手腕上)2. wrist watch(手表)
She wore a silver bracelet on her left wrist.(她左手腕上戴着一个银手镯。)
13
shrug v. 耸肩(表示不知道或不在乎);n. 耸肩
动词过去式/过去分词:shrugged;名词复数:shrugs
无
1. shrug one’s shoulders(耸肩)2. shrug off(对……不予理会)
He shrugged his shoulders and said he didn’t know.(他耸了耸肩,说自己不知道。)
14
obviously adv. 显然,明显地
无比较级/最高级
obvious adj. 明显的
1. obviously true(显然是真的)2. obviously, + 句子(显然……)
Obviously, she has put a lot of effort into her work.(显然,她在工作上付出了很多努力。)
15
fault n. 责任;过失;缺点;v. 挑剔
名词复数:faults;动词过去式/过去分词:faulted
无
1. be at fault(有责任)2. find fault with(挑剔……)
It’s not your fault—don’t blame yourself.(这不是你的错,别责怪自己。)
16
fade v. 逐渐消失;逐渐消逝;褪色
过去式/过去分词:faded
无
1. fade away(逐渐消失)2. fade in the sun(在阳光下褪色)
The sound of the music faded away as we walked farther.(我们越走越远,音乐声逐渐消失。)
17
memory n. 回忆;记忆;记忆力
名词复数:memories
memorize vt. 记忆;记住;memorable adj. 难忘的
1. sweet memory(甜蜜的回忆)2. have a good memory(记忆力好)
She has a clear memory of her childhood.(她对童年有清晰的回忆。)
18
fluency n. 流利,流畅
不可数名词
fluent adj. 流利的;fluently adv. 流利地
1. fluency in English(英语流利)2. achieve fluency(达到流利程度)
Regular practice is the key to achieving fluency in a language.(定期练习是语言达到流利的关键。)
19
literally adv. 按字面;字面上;确实地
无比较级/最高级
literal adj. 字面的;本义的
1. literally true(字面意义上的真)2. literally thousands(确实有数千)
The word “fire” literally means a burning flame.(“火”这个词的字面意思是燃烧的火焰。)
20
context n. 上下文,语境;背景
名词复数:contexts
无
1. in context(在语境中)2. out of context(脱离语境)
You need to understand the context to grasp the meaning of the word.(你需要结合语境才能理解这个词的意思。)
21
linguist n. 语言学家
名词复数:linguists
linguistics n. 语言学;linguistic adj. 语言的
1. famous linguist(著名语言学家)2. applied linguist(应用语言学家)
The linguist spent years studying regional dialects.(这位语言学家花了多年时间研究方言。)
22
within prep. 不出(某段时间);在(某段时间)之内;adv. 在内部
无词形变化
无
1. within a week(一周之内)2. within reach(触手可及)
The task must be completed within three days.(这项任务必须在三天内完成。)
23
attitude n. 看法;态度;姿态
名词复数:attitudes
无
1. attitude towards(对……的态度)2. positive attitude(积极的态度)
She has a positive attitude towards life.(她对生活抱有积极的态度。)
24
dramatically adv. 显著地;剧烈地;戏剧性地
无比较级/最高级
dramatic adj. 戏剧性的;显著的
1. change dramatically(显著变化)2. increase dramatically(急剧增加)
The company’s profits have increased dramatically this year.(这家公司今年的利润显著增长。)
25
appointment n. 约会;预约;任命
名词复数:appointments
appoint vt. 任命;约定
1. make an appointment(预约)2. doctor’s appointment(看医生的预约)
I have a business appointment with Mr. Smith tomorrow.(我明天和史密斯先生有个商务约会。)
26
panic v.(使)惊慌,惊慌失措;n. 恐慌;惊慌
动词过去式/过去分词:panicked;名词复数:panics
panicked adj. 惊慌的
1. panic at(因……惊慌)2. in panic(惊慌地)
People panicked when they heard the fire alarm.(听到火警警报,人们惊慌失措。)
27
ironically adv.(因出乎意料)奇怪地;具有讽刺意味地
无比较级/最高级
ironic adj. 讽刺的;具有讽刺意味的
1. ironically enough(奇怪的是)2. ironically, + 句子(具有讽刺意味的是……)
Ironically, the person who broke the rule is now in charge of enforcing it.(具有讽刺意味的是,当初违反规则的人现在负责执行规则。)
28
set foot on 进入,访问,参观(某地)
无词形变化
无
1. set foot on land(踏上陆地)2. set foot on foreign soil(踏上异国他乡)
He dreamed of setting foot on the moon when he was a child.(他小时候梦想踏上月球。)
29
Mexico n. 墨西哥[拉丁美洲国家](全称墨西哥合众国)
专有名词(无复数)
Mexican adj. 墨西哥的;n. 墨西哥人
1. travel to Mexico(去墨西哥旅行)2. Mexico City(墨西哥城)
Mexico is famous for its rich culture and delicious food.(墨西哥以其丰富的文化和美味的食物而闻名。)
30
fry n. 炸薯条;v. 油炸;油煎
名词复数:fries;动词过去式/过去分词:fried
fried adj. 油炸的
1. French fries(炸薯条)2. fry eggs(煎蛋)
She ordered a burger and a portion of fries.(她点了一个汉堡和一份炸薯条。)
31
snail n. 蜗牛;vi. 缓慢移动
名词复数:snails;动词过去式/过去分词:snailed
无
1. garden snail(花园蜗牛)2. move like a snail(像蜗牛一样慢)
Snails move very slowly and leave a trail of slime.(蜗牛移动得很慢,会留下一道黏液痕迹。)
32
cheese n. 奶酪;乳酪
不可数/复数cheeses(表“种类”)
无
1. cream cheese(奶油奶酪)2. cheese sandwich(奶酪三明治)
I like to put cheese on my pizza.(我喜欢在比萨上放奶酪。)
33
amazed adj. 大为惊奇的;惊讶的
比较级:more amazed;最高级:most amazed
amaze vt. 使惊奇;amazement n. 惊奇
1. be amazed at(对……大为惊奇)2. amazed expression(惊讶的表情)
We were amazed at her excellent performance in the competition.(我们对她在比赛中的出色表现感到大为惊奇。)
34
portion n.(食物的)一份;一部分;vt. 分配
名词复数:portions;动词过去式/过去分词:portioned
无
1. a portion of food(一份食物)2. portion out(分配)
She served each guest a small portion of cake.(她给每位客人端上一小份蛋糕。)
35
chip n. (BrE) 炸薯条;芯片;碎片
名词复数:chips
无
1. fish and chips(炸鱼薯条)2. computer chip(电脑芯片)
Fish and chips is a traditional British dish.(炸鱼薯条是英国的传统菜肴。)
36
plate n. 盘子;碟子;平板;vt. 给……镀;摆盘
名词复数:plates;动词过去式/过去分词:plated
无
1. dinner plate(餐盘)2. on a plate(在盘子里)
She put the cooked vegetables on a clean plate.(她把炒好的蔬菜放在干净的盘子里。)
37
packet n. 小包装纸袋,小硬纸板盒;数据包
名词复数:packets
pack vt./vi. 打包;包装
1. a packet of biscuits(一包饼干)2. data packet(数据包)
He bought a packet of tea from the supermarket.(他从超市买了一包茶叶。)
38
crisp n. (BrE) 炸土豆片,炸薯片;adj. 脆的
名词复数:crisps;形容词比较级:crisper
无
1. a bag of crisps(一袋炸薯片)2. crisp apples(脆苹果)
She likes to eat crisps while watching TV.(她喜欢看电视时吃炸薯片。)
39
gravy n.(调味)肉汁;肉卤
不可数名词
无
1. beef gravy(牛肉汁)2. pour gravy on(在……上浇肉汁)
He poured some gravy on his mashed potatoes.(他在土豆泥上浇了些肉汁。)
40
salty adj. 含盐的;咸的
比较级:saltier;最高级:saltiest
salt n. 盐;vt. 加盐于
1. salty food(咸食)2. too salty(太咸)
The soup is a bit too salty—can you add some water?(这汤有点太咸了,能加点水吗?)
41
-based adj.(构成复合词)以……为重要部分(或特征)
无词形变化
无
1. computer-based(基于电脑的)2. skill-based(以技能为基础的)
This is a computer-based training course.(这是一门基于电脑的培训课程。)
42
sauce n. 调味汁;酱
名词复数:sauces
无
1. tomato sauce(番茄酱)2. soy sauce(酱油)
She added some soy sauce to the stir-fry.(她往炒菜里加了些酱油。)
43
savoury adj. 咸味的;可口的(美式:savory)
比较级:more savoury;最高级:most savoury
无
1. savoury snacks(咸味小吃)2. savoury dish(咸味菜肴)
I prefer savoury snacks to sweet ones.(比起甜食,我更喜欢咸味小吃。)
44
snack n. 点心;小吃;零食;vi. 吃零食
名词复数:snacks;动词过去式/过去分词:snacked
无
1. healthy snack(健康零食)2. have a snack(吃点心)
She had an apple as a snack between classes.(她课间吃了一个苹果当零食。)
45
embarrassed adj.(人或行为)(尤指在社交场合)窘迫的,尴尬的
比较级:more embarrassed;最高级:most embarrassed
embarrass vt. 使窘迫;embarrassment n. 窘迫
1. be embarrassed about(因……感到尴尬)2. embarrassed smile(尴尬的微笑)
He felt embarrassed when he tripped in front of his classmates.(他在同学面前绊倒,感到很尴尬。)
46
pants n. (BrE) 内裤;短裤;(especially NAmE) 裤子
本身为复数(无单数)
无
1. a pair of pants(一条裤子/一条短裤)2. casual pants(休闲裤)
In America, people wear pants as daily trousers.(在美国,人们把pants当作日常长裤穿。)
47
underwear n. 内衣;内衣物
不可数名词
无
1. cotton underwear(棉质内衣)2. change underwear(换内衣)
It’s important to wear clean underwear every day.(每天穿干净的内衣很重要。)
48
disgusted adj. 厌恶的;憎恶的;反感的
比较级:more disgusted;最高级:most disgusted
disgust vt. 使厌恶;n. 厌恶
1. be disgusted at(对……感到厌恶)2. disgusted look(厌恶的表情)
She was disgusted by his rude behavior.(她对他粗鲁的行为感到厌恶。)
49
eggplant n. (NAmE) 茄子
名词复数:eggplants
无
1. fried eggplant(炒茄子)2. eggplant salad(茄子沙拉)
Eggplant is a common ingredient in Chinese cooking.(茄子是中式烹饪中常见的食材。)
50
pizza n. 比萨饼;意大利饼
不可数/复数pizzas
无
1. cheese pizza(奶酪比萨)2. order a pizza(点一份比萨)
We ordered a large pizza for the party.(我们为派对点了一个大比萨。)
51
aubergine n. (BrE) 茄子
名词复数:aubergines
无
1. roast aubergine(烤茄子)2. aubergine curry(茄子咖喱)
She made a delicious aubergine curry for dinner.(她晚餐做了美味的茄子咖喱。)
52
likely adj. 可能的;预料的;adv. 可能地
形容词比较级:more likely;副词无比较级
无
1. be likely to do(可能做某事)2. most likely(很可能)
He is likely to arrive late because of the traffic.(由于交通堵塞,他很可能会迟到。)
53
vocabulary n.(某一语言的)词汇,词汇量;词汇表
名词复数:vocabularies
无
1. expand one’s vocabulary(扩大词汇量)2. basic vocabulary(基础词汇)
Reading widely is a good way to expand your vocabulary.(广泛阅读是扩大词汇量的好方法。)
54
all the way 一路上;自始至终;完全
无词形变化
无
1. walk all the way(一路走)2. support sb. all the way(一直支持某人)
We drove all the way from Beijing to Shanghai.(我们从北京一路开车到上海。)
55
on earth (加强疑问句的语气)到底,究竟
无词形变化
无
1. what on earth(到底什么)2. who on earth(究竟是谁)
What on earth are you talking about? I can’t understand.(你到底在说什么?我听不懂。)
56
California n. 加利福尼亚州[美国州名]
专有名词(无复数)
无
1. live in California(住在加利福尼亚州)2. California beaches(加利福尼亚海滩)
California is famous for its sunny weather and beautiful beaches.(加利福尼亚州以其晴朗的天气和美丽的海滩而闻名。)
57
Las Vegas n. 拉斯韦加斯[美国内华达州东南部城市]
专有名词(无复数)
无
1. visit Las Vegas(参观拉斯韦加斯)2. Las Vegas casinos(拉斯韦加斯赌场)
Many people go to Las Vegas for its exciting nightlife.(很多人去拉斯韦加斯享受刺激的夜生活。)
58
gesture n. 手势;姿势;示意动作;vt. 用手势表示
名词复数:gestures;动词过去式/过去分词:gestured
无
1. hand gesture(手势)2. gesture to sb.(向某人做手势)
He made a gesture of peace with his hands.(他用手做了一个和平的手势。)
59
differ v. 相异;有区别;不同于
过去式/过去分词:differed
difference n. 差异;different adj. 不同的
1. differ from(不同于,同64)2. differ in(在……方面不同)
Opinions on this issue differ from person to person.(人们对这个问题的看法因人而异。)
60
mostly adv. 主要地;一般地;通常
无比较级/最高级
most adj. 大多数的;adv. 最
1. mostly sunny(以晴天为主)2. be mostly made of(主要由……制成)
The audience was mostly young people.(观众主要是年轻人。)
61
besides adv. 而且;再说;prep. 除……之外(还)
无词形变化
无
1. besides, + 句子(而且……)2. besides sth.(除某物之外)
The task is difficult; besides, we don’t have enough time.(这项任务很难,而且我们没有足够的时间。)
62
hug v. 拥抱;搂抱;n. 拥抱
动词过去式/过去分词:hugged;名词复数:hugs
无
1. hug sb. tightly(紧紧拥抱某人)2. give sb. a hug(给某人一个拥抱)
She hugged her mother tightly when she came back home.(妈妈回家时,她紧紧地拥抱了她。)
63
alternative n. 可供选择的事物;adj. 可供替代的
名词复数:alternatives;形容词无比较级
无
1. have no alternative(别无选择)2. alternative plan(备选计划)
We need to find an alternative way to solve the problem.(我们需要找到另一种解决问题的方法。)
64
differ from 区别于;不同于
无词形变化
无
1. differ from others(与他人不同)2. differ from the past(与过去不同)
This new model differs from the old one in many ways.(这款新型号在很多方面与旧款不同。)
65
Greece n. 希腊
专有名词(无复数)
Greek adj. 希腊的;n. 希腊人;希腊语
1. travel to Greece(去希腊旅行)2. Greek culture(希腊文化)
Greece is the birthplace of Western civilization.(希腊是西方文明的发源地。)
66
Bulgaria n. 保加利亚
专有名词(无复数)
Bulgarian adj. 保加利亚的;n. 保加利亚人
1. live in Bulgaria(住在保加利亚)2. Bulgarian traditions(保加利亚传统)
Bulgaria is famous for its rose oil and folk music.(保加利亚以其玫瑰精油和民间音乐而闻名。)
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