内容正文:
中考英语时文阅读:(文化)大埃及博物馆正式开馆(世界最大单一文明博物馆)
2025 年 11 月,历时超 20 年建成的大埃及博物馆开馆,它位于吉萨金字塔旁,面积达 50 万平方米(约 70 个足球场),是全球最大单一文明博物馆。馆内展出超 10 万件文物,含图坦卡蒙完整藏品,借现代设计连接古文明,兼具文化价值与经济意义,既是埃及文化里程碑,也有望推动其旅游业发展。
一、阅读理解
阅读下文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选择最佳选项。
On November 1, 2025, the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM, 大埃及博物馆) officially opened to the public, presenting one of the most ambitious cultural projects of the 21st century. Covering approximately 500,000 square meters—equivalent to 70 football fields or twice the size of the Louvre Museum (卢浮宫) in Paris—it is widely hailed as the world's largest museum dedicated to a single civilization. The museum's location, just two kilometers from the Great Pyramids of Giza (吉萨大金字塔), creates a remarkable dialogue between ancient wonders and modern architectural achievement.
International media have praised the museum extensively. The Financial Times called it a "must-see destination," emphasizing its exceptional architectural design that offers more than traditional museum experiences. National Geographic highlighted its unique setting, noting how it perfectly connects the "view of the Pyramids with the treasures of Tutankhamun (图坦卡蒙)." The building's design, created by Heneghan Peng Architects (赫尼根-彭建筑事务所) following an international competition, ensures the modern structure respectfully complements (衬托) the ancient monuments while maintaining its own distinctive character.
Inside, visitors can explore an extraordinary collection of artifacts. For the first time since its discovery in 1922, the complete collection of King Tutankhamun's treasures—including his famous golden mask and throne—is displayed together. A grand staircase leads visitors past numerous royal statues and artifacts, finally revealing a spectacular, direct view of the pyramids through the expansive glass facade. Unlike Cairo's old Egyptian Museum, which covered only 10,000 square meters, this vast space allows over 100,000 artifacts to be exhibited simultaneously (同时地), providing visitors with an unprecedented immersive experience.
The opening marks a significant moment for Egypt, seen as crucial for revitalizing its tourism industry. As The New York Times observed, the GEM serves as "a bridge between past and future," connecting ancient heritage with contemporary inspiration and vision. This magnificent institution not only preserves the glorious past but also inspires new generations to appreciate the richness of ancient Egyptian civilization.
1. What is the function of the GEM according to The New York Times?
A. It links the past with the present and future
B. It helps revitalize Egypt's tourism industry
C. It preserves ancient Egyptian civilization
D. It offers an unprecedented immersive experience
2. The phrase "dedicated to" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. interested in
B. focused on
C. famous for
D. worried about
3. Which of the following is TRUE about the GEM's design?
A. It was created by a French architectural firm
B. It conflicts with the ancient monuments nearby
C. It won an international design competition
D. It ignores modern architectural characteristics
4. How many times as large as Cairo's old Egyptian Museum is the GEM's area?
A. 70 times
B. 50 times
C. Twice
D. 100 times
5. What can visitors experience for the first time at the GEM?
A. A direct view of the Great Pyramids through glass
B. Walking on a grand staircase with royal statues
C. The display of all of Tutankhamun's treasures together
D. Visiting a museum designed by an international team
二、完形填空
先通读短文,掌握其大意,然后从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
After more than 20 years of construction, the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) finally opened to the public in November 2025. The long-awaited opening marked a major 1______ for Egypt's cultural heritage.
Located on the Giza Plateau, just 2 kilometers from the Pyramids, the GEM covers about 500,000 square meters—roughly the 2______ of 70 football fields. This makes it the world's largest museum 3______ to a single civilization. The museum's design is symbolic: its glass walls offer a clear 4______ of the nearby Pyramids, linking modern architecture with ancient 5______.
Inside, the GEM houses over 100,000 artifacts 6______ thousands of years of Egyptian history. The biggest highlight is the complete collection of King Tutankhamun—5,992 treasures including his iconic golden mask. For the first time since their 7______ in 1922, these artifacts are displayed together.
The opening ceremony was a grand event, 8______ dozens of international delegations. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi called the museum "a bridge between past and future" in his 9______.
The GEM is expected to bring huge economic 10______. Tourism experts note it could attract 5 million visitors yearly.
1. A. event B. milestone C. chance D. goal
2. A. size B. shape C. weight D. height
3. A. turned B. added C. dedicated D. compared
4. A. view B. price C. history D. description
5. A. art B. heritage C. technology D. architecture
6. A. covering B. changing C. saving D. choosing
7. A. creation B. display C. discovery D. protection
8. A. holding B. welcoming C. inviting D. attracting
9. A. speech B. book C. report D. letter
10. A. losses B. benefits C. challenges D. changes
三、语篇填空
阅读短文,用括号内词的适当形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。
After two decades of construction, the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) officially opened to the public in November 2025. The opening ceremony, 1______ (attend) by dozens of international delegations, was a grand cultural event.
Located just 2 kilometers from the Pyramids, the GEM covers about 500,000 square meters, making it the world's largest museum 2______ (dedicate) to a single civilization. Its design cleverly links modern architecture 3______ the ancient wonder of the Pyramids.
Inside the museum, over 100,000 artifacts are on display, spanning thousands of years of Egyptian history. The centerpiece is the complete collection of King Tutankhamun—5,992 treasures, 4______ (include) his iconic golden mask. For the first time since 5______ (they) discovery in 1922, these artifacts are shown together.
Tourism experts say the GEM will 6______ (great) boost Egypt's tourism. It could attract 5 million visitors a year, extending their stays and 7______ (create) tens of thousands of jobs. As tourism is one of Egypt's main sources of foreign currency, this will give the economy a much-needed lift.
Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi called the GEM "a bridge between past and future". He emphasized that it is not just a museum, 8______ a gift from Egypt to the world, serving 9______ a platform for cultural dialogue and 10______ (promote) global understanding of ancient Egyptian civilization.
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答案解析
一、阅读理解
答案1A;2. B;3. D;4. C;5. A
解析
第 1 题
考点:细节理解题,考查对博物馆开馆时间的精准定位。
原文定位:短文首段明确提及 “The Grand Egyptian Museum, the world's largest single-civilization archaeological museum, officially opened to the public on November 4, 2025”(世界最大的单一文明考古博物馆 —— 大埃及博物馆于 2025 年 11 月 4 日正式向公众开放)。
易错选项分析:B 选项 “2003 年” 是博物馆设计方案中标时间,C 选项 “2005 年” 是正式破土动工时间,D 选项 “1992 年” 是建造计划提出时间,均与 “开馆时间” 无关;A 选项 “2025 年 11 月 4 日” 与原文表述完全一致,为正确答案。故选 A。
第 2 题
考点:词义猜测题,考查根据上下文推断专有名词含义。
原文定位:前文提到 “the world's largest single-civilization archaeological museum”(世界最大的单一文明考古博物馆),后文围绕 “馆藏 10 万余件古埃及文物”“展示图坦卡蒙随葬品、胡夫太阳船等” 展开,结合常识可推断 “archaeological museum” 的核心功能是收藏、展示古代文物。
易错选项分析:A 选项 “艺术博物馆” 侧重艺术作品,C 选项 “科技博物馆” 聚焦科技成果,D 选项 “自然博物馆” 以自然标本、地理风貌为核心,均与 “古埃及文物、考古遗存” 的展示主题不符;B 选项 “考古博物馆” 精准对应 “收藏考古发现、呈现古代文明” 的核心属性,符合语境。故选 B。
第 3 题
考点:细节理解题,考查对博物馆设计理念的准确判断。
原文定位:短文第二段 “Chinese-American architect Shih-Fu Peng integrated the Chinese philosophy of 'the mean' into the design, balancing the relationship between the building and the ancient ruins without going to extremes”(华裔美籍建筑师彭士佛将中国 “中庸之道” 的哲学思想融入设计,不偏不倚地平衡了建筑与古迹的关系)。
易错选项分析:A 选项 “彰显现代建筑的张扬个性” 与原文 “不与金字塔争锋、谦逊回应环境” 相悖;B 选项 “完全模仿金字塔的外形” 与 “倒三角形造型、放射状结构” 的描述不符;C 选项 “突出单一轴线的视觉效果” 与 “三条轴线分别延伸至三座金字塔” 的细节冲突;D 选项 “融入中国哲学思想” 与原文 “中庸之道” 的表述一致,为正确答案。故选 D。
第 4 题
考点:细节理解题,考查对馆藏文物特点的综合判断。
原文定位:短文第三段 “Among them, more than 5,000 burial objects of Pharaoh Tutankhamun are displayed in full for the first time, along with the Great Sphinx of Ramses II and the Khufu Solar Boat”(其中,法老图坦卡蒙的 5000 余件随葬品首次完整展出,还有拉美西斯二世巨像和胡夫太阳船等文物)、“over 30,000 pieces are making their public debut”(3 万多件文物是首次与世人见面)。
易错选项分析:A 选项 “数量庞大” 对应 “逾 10 万件馆藏、5 万多件展出”,B 选项 “种类丰富” 涵盖 “雕像、石棺、面具、太阳船等”,D 选项 “部分文物首次展出” 对应 “3 万多件首次亮相”,均符合原文;C 选项 “全部文物来自图坦卡蒙陵墓” 与 “涵盖古埃及数千年文明、包含多种文物类型” 不符,为错误答案。故选 C。
第 5 题
考点:推理判断题,考查对博物馆意义的合理推断。
原文定位:短文结尾 “Visitors can see the three great pyramids from anywhere in the museum, creating a dialogue between ancient and modern civilizations”(游客在博物馆内任何位置都能望见三座大金字塔,实现了古今文明的对话)、“it showcases the wisdom of ancient Egyptian craftsmen and the integration of traditional and modern architectural concepts”(它展示了古埃及工匠的智慧以及传统与现代建筑理念的融合)。
易错选项分析:B 选项 “将取代金字塔成为埃及新地标” 原文未提及,且 “不喧宾夺主” 的设计理念说明其定位是 “与金字塔呼应” 而非 “取代”;C 选项 “仅展示图坦卡蒙时期文物” 与 “跨越 4000 年文明史” 冲突;D 选项 “建设过程一帆风顺” 与 “历经 20 余年、受政治冲突和公共卫生危机影响延误” 不符;A 选项 “促进古今文明的交流” 可由 “古今对话”“传统与现代融合” 合理推断,符合逻辑。故选 A。
二、完形填空
答案1.A;2. C;3. B;4. D;5. A;6. C;7. B;8. D;9. A;10. C
解析
第 1 题
考点:形容词词义辨析,考查对博物馆规模属性的判断。
原文定位:后文 “houses over 100,000 ancient Egyptian cultural relics”(馆藏逾 10 万件古埃及文物),结合标题 “世界最大单一文明博物馆”,可知其核心属性是 “单一文明的”。
易错选项分析:B 选项 “多种文化的” 与 “单一文明” 矛盾,C 选项 “现代的”、D 选项 “自然的” 均未体现 “聚焦古埃及单一文明” 的核心特征;A 选项 “single-civilization”(单一文明的)与标题和馆藏描述完全匹配,符合语境。故选 A。
第 2 题
考点:动词词义辨析,考查对设计理念核心动作的把握。
原文定位:后文 “balancing the relationship between the building and the ancient ruins”(平衡建筑与古迹的关系),结合 “中庸之道” 的内涵,可知动作核心是 “平衡、调和”。
易错选项分析:A 选项 “compare”(比较)、B 选项 “separate”(分离)、D 选项 “contrast”(对比)均无法体现 “不偏不倚、和谐共存” 的含义;C 选项 “balance”(平衡)直接呼应后文,且符合 “中庸之道” 的核心思想,为正确答案。故选 C。
第 3 题
考点:名词词义辨析,考查对建筑与环境关系的理解。
原文定位:前文 “not competing with the nearby Pyramids”(不与附近的金字塔争锋),后文 “the building blends into the desert plateau”(建筑融入沙漠高原),说明建筑与环境的关系是 “和谐的”。
易错选项分析:A 选项 “conflict”(冲突)、C 选项 “distance”(距离)、D 选项 “difference”(差异)均与 “融入环境、相互辉映” 的描述相悖;B 选项 “harmony”(和谐)准确体现建筑与金字塔、沙漠高原的协调关系,符合语境。故选 B。
第 4 题
考点:动词词义辨析,考查对文物展出状态的判断。
原文定位:后文 “making their public debut”(首次公开亮相),可知这些文物之前从未展出过,核心动作是 “首次展示”。
易错选项分析:A 选项 “hidden”(隐藏)、B 选项 “kept”(保存)、C 选项 “stored”(储存)均侧重 “未公开的状态”,而非 “展出” 动作;D 选项 “displayed”(展示)与 “public debut” 搭配,体现 “首次向公众展出” 的含义,符合逻辑。故选 D。
第 5 题
考点:形容词词义辨析,考查对文物特点的描述。
原文定位:后文 “such as the golden mask of Tutankhamun and the Khufu Solar Boat”(如图坦卡蒙的黄金面具和胡夫太阳船),结合常识可知这些都是 “珍贵的、稀有的” 文物。
易错选项分析:B 选项 “common”(普通的)、C 选项 “modern”(现代的)、D 选项 “simple”(简单的)均与 “世界级珍宝” 的属性不符;A 选项 “precious”(珍贵的)准确描述了文物的价值,符合语境。故选 A。
第 6 题
考点:动词词义辨析,考查对参观体验核心感受的把握。
原文定位:前文 “a magnificent six-story staircase with 87 statues of ancient Egyptian kings and gods on both sides”(一座高达六层楼的宏伟阶梯,两侧陈列着 87 尊古埃及国王和神祇的雕像),结合 “震撼相遇” 的语境,可知游客的感受是 “被震撼、惊叹”。
易错选项分析:A 选项 “bored”(无聊的)、B 选项 “disappointed”(失望的)、D 选项 “confused”(困惑的)均与 “宏伟阶梯、雕像阵列、与金字塔震撼相遇” 的场景不符;C 选项 “amazed”(惊叹的)准确体现游客面对古今文明交融场景的感受,符合语境。故选 C。
第 7 题
考点:形容词词义辨析,考查对建筑材料特点的判断。
原文定位:后文 “allowing light to pass through during the day and glowing from the inside at night”(白天可以透光,夜晚则能从内部发出光芒),说明材料的核心特点是 “透明的、透光的”。
易错选项分析:A 选项 “thick”(厚重的)、C 选项 “dark”(黑暗的)、D 选项 “hard”(坚硬的)均无法体现 “透光、发光” 的功能;B 选项 “transparent”(透明的)直接对应后文的光线描述,符合语境。故选 B。
第 8 题
考点:名词词义辨析,考查对博物馆核心价值的把握。
原文定位:全文围绕 “展示古埃及文明”“古今文明对话”“传统与现代融合” 展开,结尾强调 “it helps people understand the long history and splendid culture of ancient Egypt”(它帮助人们了解古埃及悠久的历史和灿烂的文化),可知其核心价值是 “文化交流”。
易错选项分析:A 选项 “business”(商业)、B 选项 “tourism”(旅游)、C 选项 “technology”(科技)均非博物馆的核心功能,原文未侧重这些方面;D 选项 “culture”(文化)与 “展示文明、传播历史” 的核心价值一致,“cultural exchange”(文化交流)符合全文主旨。故选 D。
第 9 题
考点:动词词义辨析,考查对建筑与环境关系的精准表达。
原文定位:前文 “the building grows out of the landscape”(建筑从景观中生长出来),后文 “becoming part of the desert plateau”(成为沙漠高原的一部分),说明建筑与环境的关系是 “融入”。
易错选项分析:B 选项 “break”(打破)、C 选项 “leave”(离开)、D 选项 “avoid”(避开)均与 “和谐共存、成为环境一部分” 的描述相悖;A 选项 “blend”(融入)与 “grows out of the landscape” 呼应,体现建筑与环境的自然融合,符合语境。故选 A。
第 10 题
考点:名词词义辨析,考查对文章主旨的把握。
原文定位:全文围绕大埃及博物馆的开馆、设计、馆藏、意义展开,核心是 “通过博物馆让古埃及文明被更多人了解”,结尾 “a bridge connecting ancient and modern civilizations”(连接古今文明的桥梁)也点明了其核心作用。
易错选项分析:A 选项 “challenge”(挑战)、B 选项 “problem”(问题)与全文 “赞美博物馆的设计和意义” 的基调不符;D 选项 “secret”(秘密)原文未提及,无对应信息;C 选项 “significance”(意义)准确概括博物馆 “展示文明、促进交流” 的核心价值,符合全文主旨。故选 C。
三、语篇填空
答案
1.opened;2. located;3. designed;4. integrated;5. balances;6. houses;7. displayed;8. amazed;9. allows;10. connects
解析
第 1 题(opened)
考点:动词时态,考查对 “开馆” 动作的时态运用。
原文定位:对应 “officially opened to the public on November 4, 2025”(2025 年 11 月 4 日正式开馆)。
易错点分析:易误填 “open”(原形)或 “opening”(现在分词),忽略事件发生在过去,需用一般过去时;“open” 作动词时,过去式为 “opened”,表示 “正式开放” 的动作,符合时态要求。
第 2 题(located)
考点:固定搭配,考查 “be located in/near”(位于……)的用法。
原文定位:对应 “located on the Giza Plateau on the outskirts of Cairo, only 2 kilometers away from the Pyramids”(位于开罗郊外的吉萨高原,距离金字塔仅 2 公里)。
易错点分析:易误填 “locates”(动词第三人称单数),忽略 “be located” 是固定结构,此处需用过去分词形式 “located”,体现 “被定位在某地” 的被动含义。
第 3 题(designed)
考点:动词语态,考查对 “建筑被设计” 的被动表达。
原文定位:对应 “designed by Chinese-American architect Shih-Fu Peng”(由华裔美籍建筑师彭士佛设计)。
易错点分析:易误填 “design”(原形)或 “designs”(第三人称单数),忽略建筑是 “被设计” 的对象,需用过去分词 “designed” 构成被动语态,符合 “sth. be designed by sb.” 的固定句式。
第 4 题(integrated)
考点:动词时态与固定搭配,考查 “integrate...into...”(将…… 融入……)的用法。
原文定位:对应 “integrated the Chinese philosophy of 'the mean' into the design”(将中国 “中庸之道” 融入设计)。
易错点分析:易误填 “integrate”(原形)或 “integrates”(第三人称单数),忽略设计动作发生在过去,需用过去式 “integrated”;同时易忘记 “into” 的搭配,误填 “in”,需注意 “integrate A into B” 的固定结构。
第 5 题(balances)
考点:动词时态与主谓一致,考查对设计理念核心功能的表达。
原文定位:对应 “balancing the relationship between the building and the ancient ruins”(平衡建筑与古迹的关系)。
易错点分析:易误填 “balance”(原形)或 “balanced”(过去式),此处描述的是设计理念的客观功能,需用一般现在时;主语 “the design” 是单数,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式 “balances”。
第 6 题(houses)
考点:动词词义与主谓一致,考查 “收藏、馆藏” 的准确表达。
原文定位:对应 “houses over 100,000 ancient Egyptian cultural relics”(馆藏逾 10 万件古埃及文物)。
易错点分析:易误填 “collects”(收集),但 “house” 在此处表示 “为…… 提供存放场所、馆藏”,更贴合博物馆的功能;主语 “the museum” 是单数,需用第三人称单数 “houses”,而非 “house”。
第 7 题(displayed)
考点:动词语态,考查 “文物被展出” 的被动表达。
原文定位:对应 “more than 5,000 burial objects of Pharaoh Tutankhamun are displayed in full”(图坦卡蒙的 5000 余件随葬品首次完整展出)。
易错点分析:易误填 “display”(原形)或 “displays”(第三人称单数),忽略文物是 “被展出” 的对象,需用过去分词 “displayed” 构成被动语态;同时需注意 “display” 的过去分词是规则变化,直接加 “-ed”。
第 8 题(amazed)
考点:形容词词义辨析,考查对人的感受的准确表达。
原文定位:对应 “visitors are amazed by the dialogue between ancient and modern civilizations”(游客对古今文明的对话感到惊叹)。
易错点分析:易误填 “amazing”(令人惊叹的),混淆 “-ed” 形容词(修饰人,表 “感到…… 的”)和 “-ing” 形容词(修饰物,表 “令人…… 的”);此处主语是 “visitors”(人),需用 “amazed” 表达 “游客感到惊叹”。
第 9 题(allows)
考点:动词时态与主谓一致,考查对建筑材料功能的表达。
原文定位:对应 “allowing light to pass through during the day”(白天允许光线透过)。
易错点分析:易误填 “allow”(原形)或 “allowed”(过去式),此处描述建筑材料的客观功能,需用一般现在时;主语 “its transparent stone facade”(透明石质立面)是单数,谓语动词需用第三人称单数 “allows”。
第 10 题(connects)
考点:动词时态与主谓一致,考查对博物馆核心作用的表达。
原文定位:对应 “a bridge connecting ancient and modern civilizations”(连接古今文明的桥梁)。
易错点分析:易误填 “connect”(原形)或 “connected”(过去式),此处强调博物馆的客观作用,需用一般现在时;主语 “it”(指代博物馆)是单数,谓语动词需用第三人称单数 “connects”。
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