专题01 名词（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，全国通用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题01 名词 ( 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 名词的功能 先了解 1.名词是语言中表示人、事物、地点、概念或抽象想法名称的词。 2.名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、补语或状语。 3.名词的分类：普通名词和专有名词；普通名词又分可数名词(个体名词＋集体名词)和不可数名词(物质名词＋抽象名词)。 划重点 1.名词的数；2.名词的所有格；3.名词作定语；4.名词后缀 名词可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和同位语 1. 作主语 The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。 The couple had both gone to work, so it was strange that someone was over there. 这对夫妇都去上班了，所以有人在那里很奇怪。 2. 作宾语 （1）作及物动词的直接宾语 I met your elder brother in the street. 我在街上碰见你哥哥了。 Have you finished the letter to Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗？ （2）作及物动词的间接宾语。 I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。 She asked the doctor another question. 她问了医生另一个问题。 （3）作介词的宾语。 After 20 years’ traveling, he settled down in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。 Do you still ask your parents for money?你还向爸妈要钱吗？ 3. 作表语 It’s a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。 She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。 4. 作宾语的补足语 They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词） The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。 5. 作定语 英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。 序号 用法 例词 1 表示地点、时间、材料、用途、类别、性别等的名词常用来作定语 cotton goods (棉织品) history teacher (历史老师) paper factory (纸厂) telephone number (电话号码) London Airport (伦敦机场) Moscow Stadium (莫斯科体育场) summer holiday (暑假) a coffee cup (咖啡杯) a book case (书箱) science fiction (科幻小说) a weather report (天气预报) a peace conference (和平会议) a research project (研究项目) 2 名词作定语时一般用单数形式，但个别情况下仍需用复数 sales plan (销售计划) customs officer (海关人员) clothes line (晾衣绳) an Arts degree (文科学位) careers guidance (就业指导) savings bank (储蓄银行) a greetings telegram (问候电报) animal rights group (动物权益组织) 3 含有合成名词作定语时名词用单数形式 a five-pound note (5英镑的钞票) a six-minute walk (6分钟的路程) a three-foot-high table (3英尺高的桌子) a three-footed table (3条腿的桌子) 4 (wo)man作定语修饰名词复数时应变为(wo)men 而boy/girl用作定语时，总是用单数 a man doctor (一个男医生) two men doctors (两个男医生) a woman's dress (一件女式衣服) three women's dresses (三件女式衣服) a boy baby(一个男婴) two boy babies (两个男婴) 5 名词作定语与形容词作定语的区别 a gold chain (金表链) the golden sunshine (金色的阳光) heart trouble (心脏病) a hearty welcome (热诚的欢迎) economy measures (节约措施) economic measures (经济措施) 6. 作状语 时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。 The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里 Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克。 7.作同位语 Mr. Smith, our leader, is speaking now. 史密斯先生，我们的领导，正在讲话。 考点二 名词的数 1.规则变化 变化①　一般名词词尾加­s student→students 学生 toy→toys 玩具 map→maps 地图 car →cars 汽车 book→books 书 idea→ideas 想法 month→months 月 house→houses 房子 变化②　以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加－es glass→glasses 眼镜 box→boxes 箱子 brush→brushes 毛笔 match→matches 比赛 dish→dishes 饭菜 watch→watches 手表 *stomach→stomachs 胃 — 变化③　以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的名词，变y为i加­es city→cities 城市 baby→babies 婴儿 enemy→enemies 敌人 country→countries 国家 story→stories 故事 activity→activities 活动 如果是元音字母＋y结尾，则直接加­s key→keys 答案 boy→boys 男孩 变化④　以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f或fe为v加­es thief→thieves 小偷 wife→wives 妻子 life→lives 生命 self→selves 自我 shelf→shelves 架子 loaf→loaves 条 wolf→wolves 狼 knife→knives 刀子 half→halves 一半 leaf→leaves 叶子 但有些词只加－s: chief→chiefs 首领 roof→roofs 屋顶 proof→proofs 证据 belief→beliefs 信仰 还有些词，有两种复数形式： scarf→scarfs/scarves 围巾 hoof→hoofs/hooves 蹄 变化⑤　以o结尾的名词，有生命的，常加­es；无生命的，加­s hero→heroes 英雄 potato→potatoes 土豆 tomato→tomatoes 西红柿 zoo→zoos 动物园 zero→zeros 零 piano→pianos 钢琴 tobacco→tobaccos 烟草 photo→photos 照片 radio→radios 收音机 video→videos 录像 *bamboo→bamboos 竹子 *volcano→volcano(e)s 火山 *mosquito→mosquito(e)s 蚊子 2．不规则变化 规则①　单复数同形 deer 鹿 fish 鱼 sheep 羊 cattle 牛 means 方法 aircraft 飞机；航空器 series 系列 species 物种 police 警察 Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人 *German→Germans德国人 规则②　改变单词内部的元音 foot→feet 脚；英尺 tooth→teeth 牙齿 man→men 人 mouse→mice 老鼠 goose→geese 鹅 woman→women 女人 规则③　特殊变形 ox→oxen 公牛 child→children 儿童 basis→bases 基础 crisis→crises 危机 medium→media 媒体 bacterium→bacteria 细菌 datum→data 数据 analysis→analyses 分析 3．复合名词的复数形式 变化①　主体名词改为复数，没有主体名词的在词尾加­s passer­by→passers­by 过路人 looker­on→lookers­on 旁观者 step­father→step­fathers 继父 grown­up→grown­ups 成年人 go­between→go­betweens 中间人 boyfriend→boyfriends 男朋友 变化②　含有man，woman时，将其中的man，woman变为复数 newspaperman→newspapermen 记者 chairman→chairmen 主席 主体词被man和woman修饰时，这两个词要连同主体词一起变复数： man cook→men cooks 男厨师 woman doctor→women doctors 女医生 4．只有复数形式的名词 类别①　由两个相同的部分构成的一个物件的名词 scissors 剪刀 trousers 裤子 compasses 圆规 scales 天平 glasses 眼镜 gloves 手套 earphones 耳机 — 注意：two pairs of trousers “两条裤子”； a pair of glasses “一副眼镜” 类别②　以­ing结尾的名词 belongings 所属物 savings 节省下来的东西 surroundings 周围的环境 findings 研究发现 earnings 挣来的钱 sufferings 受难 　不可数名词 类别①　常考的不可数名词 news 新闻 word 消息 fun 乐趣 information 信息 weather 天气 advice 建议 progress 进步 equipment 设备 furniture 家具 luggage/baggage 行李 类别②　物质名词的复数现象 arm 胳膊→arms 武器 good 好的→goods 货物 paper 纸张→papers 论文，试卷 wood 木头→woods 树林 time 时间→times 时代 wish 希望→wishes 祝福 spirit 精神→spirits 情绪 lesson 功课→lessons 教训 youth 青春→youths 年轻人 ground 地面→grounds 理由 cloth 布→clothes 衣服 sight 视力→sights 景观 green 绿色→greens 蔬菜 age 年龄→ages 很长一段时间 wind 风→winds 风向，方位 line 线路→lines台词 类别③　集体名词的数 只有单数形式却表示复数意义的集体名词： people 人们　police 警察　cattle 牛 有单复数变形的集体名词(根据语境判断单复数)： family 家庭，家人 class 班级，班级同学 team 队，队员 public 公共场合，公众 government 政府，政府人员 crowd 人群，人们 group 小组，小组人员 — 注意：表示具体的一个人或特定的某一件事东西时，可以将抽象名词可作为可数名词，可以与a/an连用，常见的这类词有： 例词 抽象意义 具体化意义 例词 抽象意义 具体化意义 success 成功 成功的人或事 beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事 comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 danger 危险 危险的人或事物 delight 高兴 令人高兴的事 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情 shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情 pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情 物质名词的复数现象 arm胳膊--arms武器 grass草--grasses草原 paper纸--papers论文，试卷 wood木头--woods树林 cloth布--clothes衣服 iron铁--irons熨斗 water水--waters水域 time时间--times时代；次数 wind--winds风向；季风 rain雨--rains雨季 line线路--lines台词 fruit水果--fruits多种水果 考点三 名词所有格 名词的所有格表示所有关系，它有两种形式：一是由名词词尾加's构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. 's所有格的构成： 1.主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系，一般是名词词尾加-'s。 John's home约翰的家; 2.表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。 at the barber’s在理发店 at the teacher’s在老师办公室 3.以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-'。 students' textbooks 学生们的课本; 4.词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-'s。 children's game 孩子们的游戏。 5.用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s 或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s或’。 Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。 Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。 2.'s所有格的用法： 序号 用法 例词 1 表示时间 a week's time, five weeks' holiday 2 表示距离 ten miles' distance 3 表示自然现象 the Earth's gravity, the tree's branches 4 表示国家、城市等地方的名词 the world's population, China's future 5 表示工作群体 the committee's decision, the team's victory 6 表示度量衡及价值 a mile's journey, five dollars' worth of apples 7 表示拟人 a wolf in sheep's clothing 8 某些固定词组 at arm's length, a bird's eye view, a stone's throw, at one's wit's end (黔驴技穷), for friendship's sake 3. of所有格的用法： 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。 the content of the novel小说的内容 the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字 the window of the room 房间的窗户 the cost of living生活成本； the news of success捷报； the window of the room 房间的窗户 练 4.名词的双重所有格——of＋名词性物主代词或名词的's a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 a friend of my father's 我父亲的一个朋友 考点一：名词作定语 例1． In this report, the Prime Minister once again referred to the (house) problems in big cities. 例2． 例2．Bring your completed Volunteer (agree) Form. 例3．On the ceremony, I represented all the graduates to give a speech. (graduate)  1．I am filling in an (apply) form for a new job. 2．We will learn (survive) skills in the adventure camp. 3．The hotel requires guests to fill out a (register) form upon arrival. 4．For (safe) reasons, all visitors must pass through a metal detector. 5．The hotel offers a variety of (accommodate) options, including suites, rooms, and apartments. 考点二：名词的数 例1．Each of us must take (responsible) for our own actions. 例2．It helps me relax and takes my mind away from (anxious). 例3．When you save money on these (purchase), each discount only happens once. 1．There were apparent (agreement) between their stories. 2．Each week, (participate) will be asked to complete a topic-specific reflection task. 3．If a student lacks the (motivate) to study, he or she will quickly become tired of studying. 4．It’s bad (behave) for a man to smoke in public places where smoking isn’t allowed. 5．She was picked out from (dozen) of students to participate in the competition on behalf of the school. 考点三：名词的所有格 例1．Labubu’s rise integrates (China) strong manufacturing base with creative innovation, tapping into the emotional needs of global consumers. 例2．Though some doubted the (experiment) safety, Franklin's work advanced the study of electricity. His contributions remain influential in science. 例3．In that sense, they are closer to (mammal) brains than other reptiles’ brains. 1．Protecting (consumer) rights is essential for a fair market. 2．There is no doubt that this (candidate) strength lies in his ability to deal with conflicts in the workplace. 3．The (waist) measurement is crucial for this dress to fit well. 4．It is unwise to underestimate your (opponent) strength and intelligence. 5．Jiaozi could be stuffed with different kinds of meat and vegetables according to (people) favourite tastes. 一、单项选择 1．They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the town’s central ________, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters…The town square was totally full. A．library B．hall C．square D．street 2．The teacher first checked if the boy student understood the _______ of the article, and then asked if he was  _______ with his own summary. A．content; content B．contents; content C．contents; contents D．content; contents 3．The _______ movie made the little girl scream, and she couldn’t hide her _______ when she talked about it later. A．fright; frightened B．frightening; fright C．frightened; frightening D．fright; frightening 4．Li Ming is a game________, and his father has been trying to prevent him from________ to computer games. A．addict, addicting B．addict, being addicted C．addict, being addicting D．addicted, addicting 5．I did not get the ______ that they were unhappy about the situation. A．impressive B．impression C．impressed D．impressing 6．Jerry woke up early and ________ out of the door in her ________ to meet her new friends at the gate of her senior high A．rushed; eagerness B．rushing; eager C．rushed; eagerly D．rush; eagerness 7．When I returned home, my mother asked me ______ what had caused my______. A．anxious, anxiously B．anxiously, anxiety C．anxiety, anxiously D．anxiety, anxious 8．The magician’s incredible trick left the audience in a state of ________, as they were ________by his ________ skill and acts he performed right before their eyes. A．astonishment; astonished; astonishing B．astonishment; astonishing; astonished C．astonishing; astonished; astonishment D．astonished; astonishing; astonishment 9．The ______ shows that more people are willing to embrace different cultures now. A．convey B．communicate C．statistic D．boundary 10．There are many models of places of ________ from all over the world in the World Park. A．interest B．interesting C．interested D．more interesting 11．He works hard and is often ________. I hope he will have more ________ at his business. A．successful; success B．success; successful C．successfully; successful D．successful; successful 12．—It’s said that the two ________ doctors have just come back from Shanghai. —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________. A．woman; forty B．women; fortieth C．women; forties D．woman; forties 13．I’m going on holiday on the 12th. I have to be back for work on the 26th. So I’ve got two ________ holiday. A．weeks B．week’ s C．weeks’ D．week 二、单句语法填空 1. But what makes this Asian renaissance? The answer lies in a unique blend of visionary leadership, economic growth and a culture of discipline and (resolve). 2.A company _________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over the plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 3.Testifying before a Senate Judiciary committee this week, Altman “advocated a number of (regulate)— including a new government agency charged with creating standards” for AI. 4.During a visit earlier this year to the crowded and noisy market in the (city) Wuning subdistrict, Mao Fenghua, head of the local trade union federation, found a child doing homework near a street stall. 5.It is believed that _______ (today) children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. 6.Daily (necessity) and farming items had to be delivered by cart. 7.Li Ziqi, one of the most popular _________(influence) in China, made a dramatic return to social media after a three-year hiatus, capturing the world’s attention from home and abroad. 8.The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 9.For instance, many people sent New Year’s (greet) to their relatives through social media rather than visiting them in person and instead went to cinemas or played online games for fun in preference to going to dinner parties or playing mahjong with their old pals. 一、阅读理解 A （2025高三·广东·学业考试）Meng Xiang was crazy about films and music during his childhood. When he started college, he dreamed to make films that could combine his love for storytelling and interest in music. His biggest challenge came when he planned to make a film about a tennis player. Since no one would offer him money for a 2-hour film, Meng and his college friends tried to make a shorter one. They bought a second-hand camera and used old things instead of expensive equipment. They even made a shelf on their own to support the camera. Meng and his friends worked hard, rain or shine. When filming the tennis player, they ran after him in the summer sun. If it rained and they couldn’t film outside, they hung bed sheets (床单) on the walls in an empty room to set up a simple studio (摄影棚). This 12-minute film got much attention. The teachers and students in their college liked the music they created for it. After that, Meng had another idea: to make a musical film. But musicals weren’t popular in college, and many said it wouldn’t work. Instead of listening to the doubts, Meng and his team spent weeks writing new songs and making a test video. To film the moving scenes, they fixed a smartphone on a skateboard and pushed it. The actors’ hair was blowing in the wind while they were dancing and singing. The loud voice and laughter of the team filled the air. Their musical film was well received and won several awards at a film festival. As Meng said, “Making films isn’t about having the best equipment or famous actors. It’s about finding new ways to tell your story. Our team is planning to make a special documentary about the environment. And I can’t wait to write music for it.” 1．How would Meng combine his hobbies according to paragraph 1? A．By creating music. B．By starting a team. C．By going to college. D．By producing films. 2．What was the team’s biggest challenge? A．Few partners. B．People’s doubts. C．The money problem. D．Long working time. 3．Why did Meng’s team set up a simple studio? A．To work on rainy days. B．To get much attention. C．To follow the tennis player. D．To film a moving scene. 4．What can be learned from the last sentence of paragraph 4? A．The actors were popular. B．The team enjoyed the process. C．Meng wanted to make another film. D．The students had good equipment. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．To See Is to Believe B．Success Comes From Honesty C．Music Is the Best Language D．Hard Work Makes Dream Work B （2025高三·广东·学业考试）Is the world too crowded? Well, that’s a hard question to answer. It’s all a matter of perspective (视角). In Montana, you might drive for a mile in any direction and not see another human being. In Macao, 60,000 people live in every square mile! What is true is that the world’s population doesn’t stay the same. It has been increasing at a very fast rate (速度). That’s in part because in each generation there are more people who then have children than in the last generation. Five hundred years ago, the population of the world was about 460 million. In the 1920s, the world’s population was under 2.5 billion. Right now it is doubling every 40 years. That means, if this rate of growth continues, when you are a parent, there will be twice as many people on the earth as there are now. Wow! Now that’s a whole lot of people! Soon the world’s population will probably reach 7 billion. Some people worry about that! But there is a lot of disagreement about just how many people on the earth equals too many people. But everyone agrees that the more people there are, the more resources the world needs to feed, house and take care of all of them, and the more need there is to think carefully about how we live and use the earth’s resources. 6．From the first paragraph we can know that ________. A．Montana is too crowded B．Macao is too crowded C．the world is too crowded D．the world is not too crowded 7．The population is increasing fast partly because ________. A．people live longer than before B．there are fewer wars than before C．medicine is developing faster than before D．more couples now would like to have children than before 8．What was the world’s population 100 years ago? A．About 2.5 billion. B．450 million. C．40 billion. D．7 billion. 9．The writer thinks that with the population increasing, we should ________. A．find more resources B．use more resources C．think about our ways of living D．move to other places 10．From the passage we can learn that the writer ________. A．thinks the world doesn’t have too many people B．thinks the world can feed no more than 7 billion people C．is not sure when the world’s population will reach 7 billion D．is not sure what the largest population that the world can feed is C （2025高二上·湖南·学业考试）61-year-old farmer Cliff Young showed up at the most difficult race in Australia — 875 kilometers — in overalls and gumboots (工业裤和橡胶靴). He went on to win in record time without any training, prevailing over the best athletes. As the race began, the runners left Cliff far behind. Many people must have thought: Cliff would soon drop out. But when other racers took a break to get some sleep before the next tiring day, Cliff kept on, making up distance to the leaders. He thought about herding (放牧) sheep to new grassland, a task that took three straight days and nights. He kept himself awake by imagining he was herding his sheep. Cliff finished the race in five days, 11 hours, a full two days faster than the previous record. He became famous overnight. Not only did he himself run so far with so little experience and sleep, but he also divided the prize money equally among the race’s top runners. He said he didn’t know there was prize money and felt bad accepting it. “Those other runners worked as hard as I did,” he explained. He never ran for fame (名誉) or money. He simply wanted to see how well he could do. Today, a memorial (纪念碑) in the shape of a gumboot stands in the Beech Forest where Cliff grew up. In later long-distance races, professional runners took up Cliff’s energy-saving way of running. But what Cliff Young will be remembered for most is his big heart. 11．What does the underlined phrase “prevailing over” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Beating. B．Meeting. C．Teaching. D．Moving. 12．What method did Cliff use to stay awake during the race? A．Drinking strong coffee every hour. B．Taking a short break while walking. C．Imagining he was tending sheep. D．Listening to energetic music. 13．Why did Cliff divide the prize money among other runners? A．He thought they deserved it equally. B．He wanted to become more famous. C．The race rules required sharing. D．He needed their friendship. 14．What did professional runners adopt from Cliff’s approach? A．His training schedule. B．His energy-saving running style. C．His prize-sharing method. D．His inspiring speeches. D （2025高二上·湖南·学业考试）Wake up early enough and depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant group of birds singing their tiny hearts out. This is natural behavior for birds. According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known as the dawn chorus (黎明合唱), and it can start as early as 4 a.m. and last for several hours. Birds do it to attract mates (配偶) and warn other birds to stay away from their area. One idea about why birds choose the early hours to communicate these important messages is that the low visibility (能见度) makes it hard for them to do other activities. To keep their activity level low, they choose to sing instead. Another idea argues that birds use the morning songs to project an image of strength. By singing, they’re letting other birds know they survived the night — no certainty in nature — and would make for an excellent mate. Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to send a clear song thanks to the cooler, drier air. Because birds have unique sounds, the clearness helps them be more easily identified by birds within listening distance. There used to be a common idea that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel greater distances due to less noise, but it was disproven by researchers at the University of Western Ontario. They played recordings of sparrows — small brown and grey birds — at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent (持续的). 15．Why do birds sing during low visibility in the early morning? A．Because they cannot see enemies clearly. B．Because they cannot do other activities easily. C．Because they need to practice singing. D．Because they want to confuse other birds. 16．How does the cool morning air benefit bird songs? A．It makes songs louder. B．It makes songs spread more quickly. C．It helps songs sound clearer. D．It attracts more insects for food. 17．What was the original explanation for birds singing more in the morning? A．To attract mates and show their home area. B．To communicate with other animals. C．To make sounds travel farther. D．To be more energetic at dawn. 18．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The discovery of a new species of sparrow and its singing habits. B．Why birds sing more at dawn and possible explanations. C．The negative effects of human noise on bird communication. D．The role of temperature in determining the quality of bird songs. 二．七选五 （2025高三·广东·学业考试）The art of Chinese knotting, or Zhongguo Jie, has a long history in China. It is a unique form of traditional Chinese handicraft (手工艺). 19 These knots were used to record events and information in ancient times. As time went by, Chinese knotting developed into a decorative art. The materials for making Chinese knots are usually colorful silk threads. 20 They can be made into different shapes like butterflies, flowers, and lucky symbols. Each knot has its own special meaning. For example, a double-coin knot represents wealth. 21 First, the crafter chooses the right silk threads according to the design. Then, different knotting techniques are used to create the basic shapes. Finally, the crafter combines these shapes to form a complete Chinese knot. In the past, Chinese knots were often given as gifts during festivals. 22 Today, they are not only popular in China but also loved by people around the world. They can be seen in many places, such as homes, shops, and art galleries. 23 Many schools and communities hold Chinese knotting classes to teach this traditional art to young people. In this way, more people can learn about Chinese knotting and help keep this cultural heritage alive. A．Making a Chinese knot involves several steps. B．In ancient times, people made simple knots with ropes. C．People believe that they can bring good luck and happiness. D．These threads are easy to shape and can be knotted in different ways. E．Chinese knotting has become a symbol of Chinese traditional culture. 三、完形填空 （2024高三上·广东肇庆·学业考试）通读下面的短文，掌握其大意。然后，从每小题的四个选项中选出可填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Nearly everybody enjoys chicken, and the most famous name in chicken is Kentucky Fried Chicken. Mr. Sanders, the man who started this 24 was not always very rich. At one time, he 25 a small gas station next to a highway (公路). Many truck drivers 26 there to get gas and take a rest. Mr. Sanders realized they were often 27 , so he began serving sandwiches and coffee. 28 the sandwiches he made tasted good, and didn’t 29 too much, more and more 30 came to eat at his place. 31 Mr. Sanders began to serve fried chicken. People 32 it very much, and his new business grew rapidly. Not long after, however, another highway was 33 , and many drivers no longer went 34 Mr. Sanders’ restaurant. So he had to 35 it. Then he traveled around the country 36 to sell his idea of opening fried chicken restaurants. He 37 . By 1967, there were almost 5000 Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants. And now, 38 you go in the United States, you will see one. If you like chicken, I’m sure, you’ll enjoy eating Kentucky Fried Chicken. 24．A．business B．shop C．life D．search 25．A．found B．worked C．saw D．owned 26．A．passed B．got to C．stopped D．left 27．A．late B．hungry C．tired D．sick 28．A．Although B．If C．As D．Once 29．A．need B．pay C．spend D．cost 30．A．passengers B．drivers C．students D．doctors 31．A．Then B．So C．But D．For 32．A．ate B．liked C．tried D．drank 33．A．appeared B．found C．built D．broken 34．A．out B．to C．over D．on 35．A．close B．run C．return D．take 36．A．trying B．believing C．thinking D．suggesting 37．A．failed B．fails C．succeeds D．succeeded 38．A．whenever B．wherever C．where D．when 四、语法填空 （2025高三·广东·学业考试）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a hot tourist attraction. Built in 1420, the palace recorded lives of important people through various relics and documents. The Forbidden City made a two-day broadcast 39 (celebrate) its 600th birthday in April, 2020. The museum can provide a large amount of 40 (value) material for today’s historical research, as well as inspiration for literature and entertainment. In addition 41 a look at the history, the Forbidden City is also creative in terms of marketing. Over the last decade, the museum 42 (produce) more than 10,000 cultural products featuring the imperial (皇家的) palace and 43 (it) exhibits (展品), from fans, notebooks to apps and cosmetics (化妆品). The most popular products are the ones that feature the royal cats. The cat products are 44 (real) inspired by the cats who call the Forbidden City home. More than 200 cats are living in the palace where they are being well 45 (care) for. These small cute animals often walk around freely and pose cutely to make 46 (visit) laugh, who sometimes can play with them. “The real reason 47 the Palace Museum has become so popular among people is that it keeps the right balance (平衡) among preserving (保留) history, sharing knowledge, and providing interesting interactive shows,” Shan Jixiang, former director and curator (馆长) of 48 museum, told China Daily. 五、书信写作 （2025高二下·陕西·学业考试）假如你是秦沐，目前在新西兰留学。当地美术馆计划举办一场中国书画展，正在招募志愿者。请你给主办方写一封信，申请做一名志愿者。内容包括： （1）写信目的； （2）个人优势； （3）希望获准。 注意：（1）词数100左右； （2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：美术馆 gallery 中国书画展 exhibition of Chinese painting and calligraphy Dear Sir or Madam, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Qin Mu / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 名词 ( 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 名词的功能 先了解 1.名词是语言中表示人、事物、地点、概念或抽象想法名称的词。 2.名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、补语或状语。 3.名词的分类：普通名词和专有名词；普通名词又分可数名词(个体名词＋集体名词)和不可数名词(物质名词＋抽象名词)。 划重点 1.名词的数；2.名词的所有格；3.名词作定语；4.名词后缀 名词可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和同位语 1. 作主语 The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。 The couple had both gone to work, so it was strange that someone was over there. 这对夫妇都去上班了，所以有人在那里很奇怪。 2. 作宾语 （1）作及物动词的直接宾语 I met your elder brother in the street. 我在街上碰见你哥哥了。 Have you finished the letter to Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗？ （2）作及物动词的间接宾语。 I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。 She asked the doctor another question. 她问了医生另一个问题。 （3）作介词的宾语。 After 20 years’ traveling, he settled down in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。 Do you still ask your parents for money?你还向爸妈要钱吗？ 3. 作表语 It’s a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。 She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。 4. 作宾语的补足语 They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词） The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。 5. 作定语 英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。 序号 用法 例词 1 表示地点、时间、材料、用途、类别、性别等的名词常用来作定语 cotton goods (棉织品) history teacher (历史老师) paper factory (纸厂) telephone number (电话号码) London Airport (伦敦机场) Moscow Stadium (莫斯科体育场) summer holiday (暑假) a coffee cup (咖啡杯) a book case (书箱) science fiction (科幻小说) a weather report (天气预报) a peace conference (和平会议) a research project (研究项目) 2 名词作定语时一般用单数形式，但个别情况下仍需用复数 sales plan (销售计划) customs officer (海关人员) clothes line (晾衣绳) an Arts degree (文科学位) careers guidance (就业指导) savings bank (储蓄银行) a greetings telegram (问候电报) animal rights group (动物权益组织) 3 含有合成名词作定语时名词用单数形式 a five-pound note (5英镑的钞票) a six-minute walk (6分钟的路程) a three-foot-high table (3英尺高的桌子) a three-footed table (3条腿的桌子) 4 (wo)man作定语修饰名词复数时应变为(wo)men 而boy/girl用作定语时，总是用单数 a man doctor (一个男医生) two men doctors (两个男医生) a woman's dress (一件女式衣服) three women's dresses (三件女式衣服) a boy baby(一个男婴) two boy babies (两个男婴) 5 名词作定语与形容词作定语的区别 a gold chain (金表链) the golden sunshine (金色的阳光) heart trouble (心脏病) a hearty welcome (热诚的欢迎) economy measures (节约措施) economic measures (经济措施) 6. 作状语 时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。 The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里 Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克。 7.作同位语 Mr. Smith, our leader, is speaking now. 史密斯先生，我们的领导，正在讲话。 考点二 名词的数 1.规则变化 变化①　一般名词词尾加­s student→students 学生 toy→toys 玩具 map→maps 地图 car →cars 汽车 book→books 书 idea→ideas 想法 month→months 月 house→houses 房子 变化②　以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加－es glass→glasses 眼镜 box→boxes 箱子 brush→brushes 毛笔 match→matches 比赛 dish→dishes 饭菜 watch→watches 手表 *stomach→stomachs 胃 — 变化③　以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的名词，变y为i加­es city→cities 城市 baby→babies 婴儿 enemy→enemies 敌人 country→countries 国家 story→stories 故事 activity→activities 活动 如果是元音字母＋y结尾，则直接加­s key→keys 答案 boy→boys 男孩 变化④　以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f或fe为v加­es thief→thieves 小偷 wife→wives 妻子 life→lives 生命 self→selves 自我 shelf→shelves 架子 loaf→loaves 条 wolf→wolves 狼 knife→knives 刀子 half→halves 一半 leaf→leaves 叶子 但有些词只加－s: chief→chiefs 首领 roof→roofs 屋顶 proof→proofs 证据 belief→beliefs 信仰 还有些词，有两种复数形式： scarf→scarfs/scarves 围巾 hoof→hoofs/hooves 蹄 变化⑤　以o结尾的名词，有生命的，常加­es；无生命的，加­s hero→heroes 英雄 potato→potatoes 土豆 tomato→tomatoes 西红柿 zoo→zoos 动物园 zero→zeros 零 piano→pianos 钢琴 tobacco→tobaccos 烟草 photo→photos 照片 radio→radios 收音机 video→videos 录像 *bamboo→bamboos 竹子 *volcano→volcano(e)s 火山 *mosquito→mosquito(e)s 蚊子 2．不规则变化 规则①　单复数同形 deer 鹿 fish 鱼 sheep 羊 cattle 牛 means 方法 aircraft 飞机；航空器 series 系列 species 物种 police 警察 Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人 *German→Germans德国人 规则②　改变单词内部的元音 foot→feet 脚；英尺 tooth→teeth 牙齿 man→men 人 mouse→mice 老鼠 goose→geese 鹅 woman→women 女人 规则③　特殊变形 ox→oxen 公牛 child→children 儿童 basis→bases 基础 crisis→crises 危机 medium→media 媒体 bacterium→bacteria 细菌 datum→data 数据 analysis→analyses 分析 3．复合名词的复数形式 变化①　主体名词改为复数，没有主体名词的在词尾加­s passer­by→passers­by 过路人 looker­on→lookers­on 旁观者 step­father→step­fathers 继父 grown­up→grown­ups 成年人 go­between→go­betweens 中间人 boyfriend→boyfriends 男朋友 变化②　含有man，woman时，将其中的man，woman变为复数 newspaperman→newspapermen 记者 chairman→chairmen 主席 主体词被man和woman修饰时，这两个词要连同主体词一起变复数： man cook→men cooks 男厨师 woman doctor→women doctors 女医生 4．只有复数形式的名词 类别①　由两个相同的部分构成的一个物件的名词 scissors 剪刀 trousers 裤子 compasses 圆规 scales 天平 glasses 眼镜 gloves 手套 earphones 耳机 — 注意：two pairs of trousers “两条裤子”； a pair of glasses “一副眼镜” 类别②　以­ing结尾的名词 belongings 所属物 savings 节省下来的东西 surroundings 周围的环境 findings 研究发现 earnings 挣来的钱 sufferings 受难 　不可数名词 类别①　常考的不可数名词 news 新闻 word 消息 fun 乐趣 information 信息 weather 天气 advice 建议 progress 进步 equipment 设备 furniture 家具 luggage/baggage 行李 类别②　物质名词的复数现象 arm 胳膊→arms 武器 good 好的→goods 货物 paper 纸张→papers 论文，试卷 wood 木头→woods 树林 time 时间→times 时代 wish 希望→wishes 祝福 spirit 精神→spirits 情绪 lesson 功课→lessons 教训 youth 青春→youths 年轻人 ground 地面→grounds 理由 cloth 布→clothes 衣服 sight 视力→sights 景观 green 绿色→greens 蔬菜 age 年龄→ages 很长一段时间 wind 风→winds 风向，方位 line 线路→lines台词 类别③　集体名词的数 只有单数形式却表示复数意义的集体名词： people 人们　police 警察　cattle 牛 有单复数变形的集体名词(根据语境判断单复数)： family 家庭，家人 class 班级，班级同学 team 队，队员 public 公共场合，公众 government 政府，政府人员 crowd 人群，人们 group 小组，小组人员 — 注意：表示具体的一个人或特定的某一件事东西时，可以将抽象名词可作为可数名词，可以与a/an连用，常见的这类词有： 例词 抽象意义 具体化意义 例词 抽象意义 具体化意义 success 成功 成功的人或事 beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事 comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 danger 危险 危险的人或事物 delight 高兴 令人高兴的事 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情 shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情 pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情 物质名词的复数现象 arm胳膊--arms武器 grass草--grasses草原 paper纸--papers论文，试卷 wood木头--woods树林 cloth布--clothes衣服 iron铁--irons熨斗 water水--waters水域 time时间--times时代；次数 wind--winds风向；季风 rain雨--rains雨季 line线路--lines台词 fruit水果--fruits多种水果 考点三 名词所有格 名词的所有格表示所有关系，它有两种形式：一是由名词词尾加's构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. 's所有格的构成： 1.主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系，一般是名词词尾加-'s。 John's home约翰的家; 2.表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。 at the barber’s在理发店 at the teacher’s在老师办公室 3.以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-'。 students' textbooks 学生们的课本; 4.词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-'s。 children's game 孩子们的游戏。 5.用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s 或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s或’。 Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。 Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。 2.'s所有格的用法： 序号 用法 例词 1 表示时间 a week's time, five weeks' holiday 2 表示距离 ten miles' distance 3 表示自然现象 the Earth's gravity, the tree's branches 4 表示国家、城市等地方的名词 the world's population, China's future 5 表示工作群体 the committee's decision, the team's victory 6 表示度量衡及价值 a mile's journey, five dollars' worth of apples 7 表示拟人 a wolf in sheep's clothing 8 某些固定词组 at arm's length, a bird's eye view, a stone's throw, at one's wit's end (黔驴技穷), for friendship's sake 3. of所有格的用法： 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。 the content of the novel小说的内容 the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字 the window of the room 房间的窗户 the cost of living生活成本； the news of success捷报； the window of the room 房间的窗户 练 4.名词的双重所有格——of＋名词性物主代词或名词的's a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 a friend of my father's 我父亲的一个朋友 考点一：名词作定语 例1．In this report, the Prime Minister once again referred to the (house) problems in big cities. 【答案】housing 【详解】考查名词。句意：在这份报告中，首相再次提及了大城市中的住房问题。修饰名词problems用名词housing，作定语。故填housing。 例2．Bring your completed Volunteer (agree) Form. 【答案】Agreement 【详解】考查名词。句意：请携带您填写完毕的志愿者协议表。修饰Form用名词agreement，为专有名词，首字母大写。故填Agreement。 例3．On the ceremony, I represented all the graduates to give a speech. (graduate)  【答案】graduation 【详解】考查名词。句意：在毕业典礼上，我代表所有毕业生发表了演讲。分析句子结构可知，此处需用名词作定语修饰ceremony，graduate的名词形式graduation，表“毕业”，graduation ceremony，表“毕业典礼”，为固定搭配，符合语境。故填graduation。 1．I am filling in an (apply) form for a new job. 【答案】application 【详解】考查名词。句意：我正在填写一份新工作的申请表。根据前面的不定冠词“an”和后面的名词“form”可知，此处需用名词作定语，修饰“form”，“apply”对应的名词形式为“application”，“application form”为固定搭配，意为“申请表”，符合语境。故填application。 2．We will learn (survive) skills in the adventure camp. 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们将在探险营学习生存技能。空处作修饰skills的定语，“生存”应用名词survival，表示“生存技能”。故填survival。 3．The hotel requires guests to fill out a (register) form upon arrival. 【答案】registration 【详解】考查名词。句意：这家酒店要求客人在抵达时填写一份登记表。“登记表”为registration form，固定短语。名词作定语。故填registration。 4．For (safe) reasons, all visitors must pass through a metal detector. 【答案】safety 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了安全起见，所有访客都必须通过金属探测器。‌“安全”在此处作为修饰名词‌reasons，可用名词‌safety作定语，名词作定语表类别。故填safety。 5．The hotel offers a variety of (accommodate) options, including suites, rooms, and apartments. 【答案】accommodation 【详解】考查名词。句意：这家酒店提供多种住宿选择，包括套房、标准客房和公寓。表示“住宿”用名词accommodation，作定语修饰名词options。故填accommodation。 考点二：名词的数 例1．Each of us must take (responsible) for our own actions. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们每个人都必须为自己的行为负责。此处位于动词“take”之后，需用名词形式作宾语；所给词“responsible”为形容词，意为“负责任的”，其名词形式responsibility为不可数名词，take responsibility for为固定搭配，意为“为……负责”。故填responsibility。 例2．It helps me relax and takes my mind away from (anxious). 【答案】anxiety 【详解】考查名词。句意：它帮助我放松，让我的思绪远离焦虑。根据空格前的介词from可知，空格处应填名词anxiety“焦虑”作宾语，为不可数名词。故填anxiety。 例3．When you save money on these (purchase), each discount only happens once. 【答案】purchases 【详解】考查名词。句意：当你节省这些购买商品的钱时，每个折扣只发生一次。空处需要填入一个名词，作为介词on的宾语。所给词purchase是名词，意为“购买，购买的东西”。此处表示复数意义。故填purchases。 1．There were apparent (agreement) between their stories. 【答案】disagreements 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们的说法明显不一致。空处作主语，结合句意可知，名词disagreement“不相符”符合题意，根据谓语动词were可知，主语应用复数形式。故填disagreements。 2．Each week, (participate) will be asked to complete a topic-specific reflection task. 【答案】participants 【详解】考查名词。句意：每周，参与者将被要求完成一项特定主题的反思任务。空格处需用名词作主语，括号词participate是动词，其名词形式participant表示“参与者”，是可数名词，此处需用可数名词复数形式泛指多个参与者。故填participants。 3．If a student lacks the (motivate) to study, he or she will quickly become tired of studying. 【答案】motivation 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果学生缺乏学习的动力，他或她很快就会对学习感到厌倦。根据句意及空前的定冠词the可知，此处需用名词形式作lack的宾语。所给词motivate为动词，其名词形式为motivation“动力，积极性”，为不可数名词。故填motivation。 4．It’s bad (behave) for a man to smoke in public places where smoking isn’t allowed. 【答案】behaviour/behavior 【详解】考查名词。句意：一个人在禁止吸烟的公共场所吸烟是不好的行为。根据空前形容词bad可知，此处需用名词，括号词behave是动词，其名词形式为behaviour/behavior，behaviour/behavior是不可数名词，此处为名词短语作表语。故填behaviour/behavior。 5．She was picked out from (dozen) of students to participate in the competition on behalf of the school. 【答案】dozens 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：她从几十名学生中被挑选出来，代表学校参加比赛。根据空前的介词from以及空后的of students可知，设空处应用提示词的复数形式，构成固定短语dozens of，表示“许多，大量”，符合句意。故填dozens。 考点三：名词的所有格 例1．Labubu’s rise integrates (China) strong manufacturing base with creative innovation, tapping into the emotional needs of global consumers. 【答案】China's 【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：Labubu的崛起将中国强大的制造业基础与创新融合在一起，满足了全球消费者的情感需求。根据空后名词短语strong manufacturing base可知，此空在句中作定语，表示“中国的强大制造业基础”。China的形容词形式Chinese虽常见，但更侧重于“与中国相关的/中文的”，而此处强调归属关系，名词所有格“China’s (中国的)”更符合语境和语法逻辑。故填China's。 例2．Though some doubted the (experiment) safety, Franklin's work advanced the study of electricity. His contributions remain influential in science. 【答案】experiment’s 【详解】考查名词的所有格。句意：虽然有人怀疑实验的安全性，但富兰克林的工作推动了电学的研究。他的贡献在科学界仍有影响力。表示“实验的”安全性，用名词所有格，experiment的所有格是experiment’s。故填experiment’s。 例3．In that sense, they are closer to (mammal) brains than other reptiles’ brains. 【答案】mammals’ 【详解】考查名词的格。句意：从这个意义上说，它们比其他爬行动物的大脑更接近哺乳动物的大脑。mammal(哺乳动物)为可数名词，这里表示泛指，且空前没有表示数量的限定词，所以用名词复数，修饰空后的brains，应用名词所有格。故填mammals’。 1．Protecting (consumer) rights is essential for a fair market. 【答案】consumers’ 【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：保护消费者的权益对于公平的市场至关重要。空处需用定语修饰名词rights，consumer意为“消费者”，此处表示消费者的权益，用名词复数形式表示泛指，需用其名词所有格consumers’，表示所属关系。故填consumers’。 2．There is no doubt that this (candidate) strength lies in his ability to deal with conflicts in the workplace. 【答案】candidate’s 【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他处理职场冲突的能力。空处作定语修饰名词strength，应用名词所有格形式，表示“候选人的”，且此处指一位候选人，应用candidate’s。故填candidate’s。 3．The (waist) measurement is crucial for this dress to fit well. 【答案】waist’s 【详解】考查名词所有格。 句意：腰围尺寸对这件连衣裙是否合身至关重要。此处需修饰名词measurement，表示 “腰部的尺寸”，应用所给词waist的所有格形式waist’s来体现所属关系。 故填waist’s。 4．It is unwise to underestimate your (opponent) strength and intelligence. 【答案】opponent’s 【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：低估对手的力量和智慧是不明智的。空格处修饰名词strength和intelligence，所给词opponent为名词，应用其名词所有格形式opponent’s作定语，修饰后面的名词，意为“对手的”。故填opponent’s。 5．Jiaozi could be stuffed with different kinds of meat and vegetables according to (people) favourite tastes. 【答案】people’s 【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：饺子可以根据人们喜爱的口味，填入不同种类的肉类和蔬菜。结合语意可知，people与favourite tastes为所属关系，所以此空应填名词所有格people’s作定语，修饰favourite tastes。故填people’s。 一、单项选择 1．They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the town’s central ________, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters…The town square was totally full. A．library B．hall C．square D．street 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们将一束集中的光线反射到小镇的中央广场上，形成一块大约600平方米的阳光区域，小镇广场上挤满了人。A. library（图书馆）指存放书籍供人阅读或借阅的场所；B. hall（大厅）常指建筑物内用于集会、活动的宽敞空间；C. square（广场）指城镇中开阔的公共区域，与后句“The town square”形成原词复现，符合语境；D. street（街道）指供车辆和行人通行的道路。结合后句明确提及的 “town square”，此处应选表示“广场”含义的名词作宾语。故填 C。 2．The teacher first checked if the boy student understood the _______ of the article, and then asked if he was  _______ with his own summary. A．content; content B．contents; content C．contents; contents D．content; contents 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意：老师首先检查这个男生是否理解了文章的内容，然后问他对自己的总结是否满意。第一空作动词understood的宾语，表示“内容”应用名词content，常用复数形式；第二空作表语，形容词content“满意的”符合题意，此处为固定短语be content with“对……满意”。故选B。 3．The _______ movie made the little girl scream, and she couldn’t hide her _______ when she talked about it later. A．fright; frightened B．frightening; fright C．frightened; frightening D．fright; frightening 【答案】B 【详解】考查形容词和名词辨析。句意：这部令人恐惧的电影让小女孩尖叫，当她后来谈论它时，她无法掩饰她的恐惧。frightening令人恐惧的(常用来描述事物的性质，使别人感到恐惧)；frightened感到恐惧的(常用来描述人的感受)；fright恐惧(名词)。第一空修饰名词movie，用-ing形容词frightening描述电影的性质；第二空处作宾语，用名词fright，表示“她的恐惧”。故选B项。 4．Li Ming is a game________, and his father has been trying to prevent him from________ to computer games. A．addict, addicting B．addict, being addicted C．addict, being addicting D．addicted, addicting 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词和非谓语动词。句意：李明是个游戏迷，他的父亲一直试图阻止他沉迷电脑游戏。第一空为名词作表语，“addict”可作名词，意为“对……入迷的人”，a game addict表示“游戏迷”；第二空为非谓语动词作宾语，根据“prevent sb. from doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“阻止某人做某事”可知，此处为动名词形式作宾语，且“sb.”与“addict”之间是被动关系，需用动名词的被动形式being addicted。故选B项。 5．I did not get the ______ that they were unhappy about the situation. A．impressive B．impression C．impressed D．impressing 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词。句意：我并没有感觉到他们对这种情况感到不满。A. impressive令人印象深刻的，形容词；B. impression印象，感觉，名词；C. impressed感到印象深刻的，形容词；D. impressing给人印象深刻的，形容词。空处作动词get的宾语，需填名词。故选B。 6．Jerry woke up early and ________ out of the door in her ________ to meet her new friends at the gate of her senior high A．rushed; eagerness B．rushing; eager C．rushed; eagerly D．rush; eagerness 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和名词。句意：杰瑞早早醒来，迫不及待地冲出门，急切地想要在高中校门口见到她的新朋友。第一空and连接并列动作，根据woke up可知，用一般过去时；第二空形容词性物主代词her后接名词形式，在句中作宾语。eagerness渴望；热心，名词形式；eager热切的；渴望的，形容词形式；eagerly渴望地，副词形式。故选A。 7．When I returned home, my mother asked me ______ what had caused my______. A．anxious, anxiously B．anxiously, anxiety C．anxiety, anxiously D．anxiety, anxious 【答案】B 【详解】考查副词和名词用法。句意：当我回到家时，妈妈焦急地问我是什么导致了我的焦虑。分析句子结构和结合选项可知，第一空应填副词anxiously作状语，修饰动词asked；第二空应填名词anxiety作动词caused的宾语。故选B项。 8．The magician’s incredible trick left the audience in a state of ________, as they were ________by his ________ skill and acts he performed right before their eyes. A．astonishment; astonished; astonishing B．astonishment; astonishing; astonished C．astonishing; astonished; astonishment D．astonished; astonishing; astonishment 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意：魔术师令人难以置信的魔术让观众感到惊讶，因为他们被他在他们眼前表演的惊人技巧和行为所震惊。分析句子可知，该句第一空需填入名词作介词 “in”的宾语，构成“in a state of + 名词” 结构，意为“处于……状态”。该句第二空需填入形容词作表语，描述主语“they”（观众）的感受。“astonished”是形容词，意为“感到震惊的”，用于修饰人，符合“观众被震惊”的语义。该句第三空需填入形容词修饰名词 “skill”（技巧），描述事物的特征。“astonishing”是形容词，意为“令人震惊的”，用于修饰物，符合“他令人震惊的技巧”的搭配。故选A项。 9．The ______ shows that more people are willing to embrace different cultures now. A．convey B．communicate C．statistic D．boundary 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词和动词的词义辨析。句意：数据显示，现在有更多人愿意接纳不同的文化。A. convey表达；B. communicate沟通；C. statistic数据；D. boundary边界。The ______作主语，所填词要用名词，排除AB。根据“more people are willing to embrace different cultures now(现在有更多人愿意接纳不同的文化)”所提示的语境，可知要选表示“数据”的statistic。故选C。 10．There are many models of places of ________ from all over the world in the World Park. A．interest B．interesting C．interested D．more interesting 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词。句意：在世界公园里有许多来自世界各地的名胜古迹的模型。places of interest“名胜古迹”为固定短语。interest作介词of宾语，介词短语“of interest”作定语修饰places。故选A项。 11．He works hard and is often ________. I hope he will have more ________ at his business. A．successful; success B．success; successful C．successfully; successful D．successful; successful 【答案】A 【详解】考查形容词、名词和副词辨析。句意：他工作努力，经常成功。我希望他在生意上能有更多的成功。successful adj. 成功的；success n.成功；successfully adv.成功地。第一个空在系动词is后，用形容词successful作表语，表明主语He的状态；第二个空作宾语，用名词success。故选A项。 12．—It’s said that the two ________ doctors have just come back from Shanghai. —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________. A．woman; forty B．women; fortieth C．women; forties D．woman; forties 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词和数词。句意：——据说这两位女医生刚从上海回来。——是的，我认识她们。她们都已经四十多岁了。第一空作定语，修饰复数名词doctors，woman需用复数形式；第二空，表达 “某人几十多岁” 时，需用“in one’s + 逢十的基数词复数”。故选C。 13．I’m going on holiday on the 12th. I have to be back for work on the 26th. So I’ve got two ________ holiday. A．weeks B．week’ s C．weeks’ D．week 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词复数的所有格。句意：我12号要去度假。我必须在26号回来上班。所以我有两周的假期。two后加可数名词复数，此处修饰名词holiday，用名词复数的所有格weeks’。故选C。 二、单句语法填空 1. But what makes this Asian renaissance? The answer lies in a unique blend of visionary leadership, economic growth and a culture of discipline and (resolve). 【答案】resolution 【解析】考查名词。句意：答案在于有远见的领导、经济增长以及纪律和决心的文化的独特结合。空处与discipline构成并列关系，需用名词形式，所给词resolve为动词，其名词形式为resolution，意为“决心”。故填resolution。 2.A company _________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over the plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 【答案】representative 【解析】考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1,200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空做句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。 3.Testifying before a Senate Judiciary committee this week, Altman “advocated a number of (regulate)— including a new government agency charged with creating standards” for AI. 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：周，Altman在参议院司法委员会作证时，“主张制定一系列法规——包括设立一个新的政府机构，负责为人工智能制定标准”。根据空前的“a number of”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。 【答案】regulations 4.During a visit earlier this year to the crowded and noisy market in the (city) Wuning subdistrict, Mao Fenghua, head of the local trade union federation, found a child doing homework near a street stall. 【答案】city’s 【解析】考查所有格。句意：今年早些时候，当地总工会主席毛凤华在参观武宁这个拥挤嘈杂的市场时，发现一个孩子在街边摊位附近做作业。根据空后名词“Wuning subdistrict”可知，空处应为名词的所有格形式，作定语。故填city’s。 5.It is believed that _______ (today) children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. 【答案】today’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：据信，如今的儿童和青少年摄入的糖是建议摄入量的三倍，这使他们患糖尿病的风险更高。根据句意可知，该句第一空由空后children名词可知，此处为名词所有格形式，作定语。故填today’s； 6.Daily (necessity) and farming items had to be delivered by cart. 【答案】necessities 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：日常必需品和农具必须用马车运送。本空与farming items并列，作主语，且necessity“必需品”，且“必需品”不止一个，应用复数形式。故填necessities。 7.Li Ziqi, one of the most popular _________(influence) in China, made a dramatic return to social media after a three-year hiatus, capturing the world’s attention from home and abroad. 【答案】influencers 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：李子柒，中国最受欢迎的网红之一，在阔别三年后戏剧性地回归社交媒体，吸引了国内外的关注。one of后接名词复数，表示“……之一”，故填influencers。 8.The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 【答案】engineering。 【解析】考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 9.For instance, many people sent New Year’s (greet) to their relatives through social media rather than visiting them in person and instead went to cinemas or played online games for fun in preference to going to dinner parties or playing mahjong with their old pals. 【答案】greetings 【解析】考查名词。句意：例如，许多人通过社交媒体向亲戚致以新年祝福，而不是亲自拜访他们，而是去电影院或玩网络游戏，而不是和老朋友一起参加晚宴或打麻将。此处需要使用名词作sent的宾语，“greet”名词形式为“greeting”是可数名词，此处指“发送新年祝福”需使用复数形式。故填greetings。 一、阅读理解 A （2025高三·广东·学业考试）Meng Xiang was crazy about films and music during his childhood. When he started college, he dreamed to make films that could combine his love for storytelling and interest in music. His biggest challenge came when he planned to make a film about a tennis player. Since no one would offer him money for a 2-hour film, Meng and his college friends tried to make a shorter one. They bought a second-hand camera and used old things instead of expensive equipment. They even made a shelf on their own to support the camera. Meng and his friends worked hard, rain or shine. When filming the tennis player, they ran after him in the summer sun. If it rained and they couldn’t film outside, they hung bed sheets (床单) on the walls in an empty room to set up a simple studio (摄影棚). This 12-minute film got much attention. The teachers and students in their college liked the music they created for it. After that, Meng had another idea: to make a musical film. But musicals weren’t popular in college, and many said it wouldn’t work. Instead of listening to the doubts, Meng and his team spent weeks writing new songs and making a test video. To film the moving scenes, they fixed a smartphone on a skateboard and pushed it. The actors’ hair was blowing in the wind while they were dancing and singing. The loud voice and laughter of the team filled the air. Their musical film was well received and won several awards at a film festival. As Meng said, “Making films isn’t about having the best equipment or famous actors. It’s about finding new ways to tell your story. Our team is planning to make a special documentary about the environment. And I can’t wait to write music for it.” 1．How would Meng combine his hobbies according to paragraph 1? A．By creating music. B．By starting a team. C．By going to college. D．By producing films. 2．What was the team’s biggest challenge? A．Few partners. B．People’s doubts. C．The money problem. D．Long working time. 3．Why did Meng’s team set up a simple studio? A．To work on rainy days. B．To get much attention. C．To follow the tennis player. D．To film a moving scene. 4．What can be learned from the last sentence of paragraph 4? A．The actors were popular. B．The team enjoyed the process. C．Meng wanted to make another film. D．The students had good equipment. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．To See Is to Believe B．Success Comes From Honesty C．Music Is the Best Language D．Hard Work Makes Dream Work 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了孟翔通过努力和创意，用有限的资源制作电影，并最终取得成功的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“When he started college, he dreamed to make films that could combine his love for storytelling and interest in music.(当他开始上大学时，他梦想制作能够将他对讲故事的热爱和对音乐的兴趣结合起来的电影。)”可知，孟翔通过制作电影来结合他的爱好。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“His biggest challenge came when he planned to make a film about a tennis player. Since no one would offer him money for a 2-hour film, Meng and his college friends tried to make a shorter one. (他最大的挑战是计划拍摄一部关于网球运动员的电影。由于没有人愿意给他钱拍一部2小时的电影，孟翔和他的大学朋友们试图拍一部更短的电影。)”可知，团队最大的挑战是资金问题。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“If it rained and they couldn’t film outside, they hung bed sheets (床单) on the walls in an empty room to set up a simple studio (摄影棚).(如果下雨，他们不能在外面拍摄，他们就在空房间的墙上挂上床单，搭建一个简单的摄影棚。)”可知，他的团队搭建了一个简单的摄影棚是为了在下雨天继续工作。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The actors’ hair was blowing in the wind while they were dancing and singing. The loud voice and laughter of the team filled the air.(演员们载歌载舞，头发在风中飘扬。团队的声音和笑声充满了空气。)”可知，团队在拍摄过程中充满了欢乐和活力，由此可推知，团队享受了这个过程。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由第一段“Meng Xiang was crazy about films and music during his childhood. When he started college, he dreamed to make films that could combine his love for storytelling and interest in music.(孟翔小时候酷爱电影和音乐。当他开始上大学时，他梦想着制作一部电影，将他对讲故事的热爱和对音乐的兴趣结合起来。)”和最后一段“Their musical film was well received and won several awards at a film festival.(他们的音乐电影很受欢迎，并在一个电影节上获得了几个奖项。)”可知，文章主要讲述了孟翔通过努力和创意，用有限的资源制作电影，并最终取得成功的故事，体现了努力使梦想成真的主题。因此D选项“Hard Work Makes Dream Work(努力使梦想成真)”最符合文章主旨。故选D。 B （2025高三·广东·学业考试）Is the world too crowded? Well, that’s a hard question to answer. It’s all a matter of perspective (视角). In Montana, you might drive for a mile in any direction and not see another human being. In Macao, 60,000 people live in every square mile! What is true is that the world’s population doesn’t stay the same. It has been increasing at a very fast rate (速度). That’s in part because in each generation there are more people who then have children than in the last generation. Five hundred years ago, the population of the world was about 460 million. In the 1920s, the world’s population was under 2.5 billion. Right now it is doubling every 40 years. That means, if this rate of growth continues, when you are a parent, there will be twice as many people on the earth as there are now. Wow! Now that’s a whole lot of people! Soon the world’s population will probably reach 7 billion. Some people worry about that! But there is a lot of disagreement about just how many people on the earth equals too many people. But everyone agrees that the more people there are, the more resources the world needs to feed, house and take care of all of them, and the more need there is to think carefully about how we live and use the earth’s resources. 6．From the first paragraph we can know that ________. A．Montana is too crowded B．Macao is too crowded C．the world is too crowded D．the world is not too crowded 7．The population is increasing fast partly because ________. A．people live longer than before B．there are fewer wars than before C．medicine is developing faster than before D．more couples now would like to have children than before 8．What was the world’s population 100 years ago? A．About 2.5 billion. B．450 million. C．40 billion. D．7 billion. 9．The writer thinks that with the population increasing, we should ________. A．find more resources B．use more resources C．think about our ways of living D．move to other places 10．From the passage we can learn that the writer ________. A．thinks the world doesn’t have too many people B．thinks the world can feed no more than 7 billion people C．is not sure when the world’s population will reach 7 billion D．is not sure what the largest population that the world can feed is 【答案】6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了世界人口的增长情况及其带来的影响。 6．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In Macao, 60,000 people live in every square mile!(在澳门，每平方英里有6万人居住!)”可知，澳门的人口密度很大，因此可以推断出澳门非常拥挤。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It has been increasing at a very fast rate (比例). That’s in part because in each generation there are more people who then have children than in the last generation.(它一直在以非常快的速度增长。这在一定程度上是因为每一代成为父母的人数比上一代更多)”可知，人口增长快的一部分原因是现在更多的夫妇想要孩子。故选D。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the 1920s, the world’s population was under 2.5 billion.(20世纪20年代，世界人口不到25亿)”可知，20世纪20年代，世界人口不到25亿，即100年前世界人口大约是25亿。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But everyone agrees that the more people there are, the more resources the world needs to feed, house and take care of all of them, and the more need there is to think carefully about how we live and use the earth’s resources.(但每个人都同意，人口越多，世界就需要更多的资源来养活、安置和照顾所有人，也就越需要仔细考虑我们的生活方式和对地球资源的使用)”可知，作者认为随着人口的增长，我们应该考虑我们的生活方式。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Some people worry about that! But there is a lot of disagreement about just how many people on the earth equals too many people.(有些人对此感到担忧！但对于地球上到底有多少人算太多人，存在很多分歧)”可知，作者不确定世界能养活的最大人口数量是多少。故选D。 C （2025高二上·湖南·学业考试）61-year-old farmer Cliff Young showed up at the most difficult race in Australia — 875 kilometers — in overalls and gumboots (工业裤和橡胶靴). He went on to win in record time without any training, prevailing over the best athletes. As the race began, the runners left Cliff far behind. Many people must have thought: Cliff would soon drop out. But when other racers took a break to get some sleep before the next tiring day, Cliff kept on, making up distance to the leaders. He thought about herding (放牧) sheep to new grassland, a task that took three straight days and nights. He kept himself awake by imagining he was herding his sheep. Cliff finished the race in five days, 11 hours, a full two days faster than the previous record. He became famous overnight. Not only did he himself run so far with so little experience and sleep, but he also divided the prize money equally among the race’s top runners. He said he didn’t know there was prize money and felt bad accepting it. “Those other runners worked as hard as I did,” he explained. He never ran for fame (名誉) or money. He simply wanted to see how well he could do. Today, a memorial (纪念碑) in the shape of a gumboot stands in the Beech Forest where Cliff grew up. In later long-distance races, professional runners took up Cliff’s energy-saving way of running. But what Cliff Young will be remembered for most is his big heart. 11．What does the underlined phrase “prevailing over” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Beating. B．Meeting. C．Teaching. D．Moving. 12．What method did Cliff use to stay awake during the race? A．Drinking strong coffee every hour. B．Taking a short break while walking. C．Imagining he was tending sheep. D．Listening to energetic music. 13．Why did Cliff divide the prize money among other runners? A．He thought they deserved it equally. B．He wanted to become more famous. C．The race rules required sharing. D．He needed their friendship. 14．What did professional runners adopt from Cliff’s approach? A．His training schedule. B．His energy-saving running style. C．His prize-sharing method. D．His inspiring speeches. 【答案】11．A 12．C 13．A 14．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了61岁农民克利夫・杨未受专业训练，穿工装裤和橡胶靴参加澳大利亚875公里艰难赛跑，靠想象放牧保持清醒，以破纪录时间夺冠，后平分奖金给其他选手，其节能跑步方式被专业选手借鉴，家乡为他立橡胶靴形纪念碑。 11．词句猜测题。​ 根据第一段“61-year-old farmer Cliff Young showed up at the most difficult race in Australia — 875 kilometers — in overalls and gumboots. He went on to win in record time without any training, prevailing over the best athletes.(61岁的农民克利夫・杨穿着工业裤和橡胶靴，出现在澳大利亚最艰难的875公里赛跑中。他在没有任何训练的情况下，以创纪录的时间赢得了比赛，prevailing over最优秀的运动员。)”可知，克利夫・杨赢得了比赛，prevailing over在此处表示“战胜、击败”，与选项Beating含义一致。故选A。 12．细节理解题。​ 根据第二段“He kept himself awake by imagining he was herding his sheep.(他通过想象自己在放牧绵羊来保持清醒。)”可知，克利夫在比赛中保持清醒的方法是想象自己在放牧绵羊。故选C。 13．细节理解题。​ 根据第三段“He said he didn’t know there was prize money and felt bad accepting it. ‘Those other runners worked as hard as I did,’ he explained.(他说他不知道有奖金，而且觉得接受奖金心里不舒服。“其他选手和我一样努力，” 他解释道。)”可知，克利夫认为其他选手同样值得获得奖金，因此应将奖金平分。故选A。 14．细节理解题。​ 根据第四段“In later long-distance races, professional runners took up Cliff’s energy-saving way of running.(在后来的长跑比赛中，专业选手采用了克利夫的节能跑步方式。)” 可知，专业选手从克利夫那里借鉴的是节能跑步风格。故选B。 D （2025高二上·湖南·学业考试）Wake up early enough and depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant group of birds singing their tiny hearts out. This is natural behavior for birds. According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known as the dawn chorus (黎明合唱), and it can start as early as 4 a.m. and last for several hours. Birds do it to attract mates (配偶) and warn other birds to stay away from their area. One idea about why birds choose the early hours to communicate these important messages is that the low visibility (能见度) makes it hard for them to do other activities. To keep their activity level low, they choose to sing instead. Another idea argues that birds use the morning songs to project an image of strength. By singing, they’re letting other birds know they survived the night — no certainty in nature — and would make for an excellent mate. Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to send a clear song thanks to the cooler, drier air. Because birds have unique sounds, the clearness helps them be more easily identified by birds within listening distance. There used to be a common idea that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel greater distances due to less noise, but it was disproven by researchers at the University of Western Ontario. They played recordings of sparrows — small brown and grey birds — at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent (持续的). 15．Why do birds sing during low visibility in the early morning? A．Because they cannot see enemies clearly. B．Because they cannot do other activities easily. C．Because they need to practice singing. D．Because they want to confuse other birds. 16．How does the cool morning air benefit bird songs? A．It makes songs louder. B．It makes songs spread more quickly. C．It helps songs sound clearer. D．It attracts more insects for food. 17．What was the original explanation for birds singing more in the morning? A．To attract mates and show their home area. B．To communicate with other animals. C．To make sounds travel farther. D．To be more energetic at dawn. 18．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The discovery of a new species of sparrow and its singing habits. B．Why birds sing more at dawn and possible explanations. C．The negative effects of human noise on bird communication. D．The role of temperature in determining the quality of bird songs. 【答案】15．B 16．C 17．C 18．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了鸟类在黎明时分鸣叫的现象，包括其开始时间、持续时间以及鸟类这样做的原因和可能的好处。 15．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One idea about why birds choose the early hours to communicate these important messages is that the low visibility (能见度) makes it hard for them to do other activities. To keep their activity level low, they choose to sing instead. (有一种观点认为，鸟类选择在清晨传达这些重要信息是因为能见度低，使它们难以进行其他活动。为了保持较低的活动水平，它们选择唱歌。)”可知，鸟类在清晨能见度低时唱歌是因为它们难以进行其他活动。故选B项。 16．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to send a clear song thanks to the cooler, drier air. (就像一个好的录音室一样，清晨的凉爽干燥的空气也让鸟儿们能够唱出清晰的歌声。)”可知，凉爽干燥的清晨空气使鸟鸣声更加清晰。故选C项。 17．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“There used to be a common idea that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel greater distances due to less noise, but it was disproven by researchers at the University of Western Ontario. (过去有一种普遍的观点认为，鸟儿早上唱歌是因为声音可以在较少的噪音下传播得更远，但这一观点被韦仕敦大学的研究人员推翻了。)”可知，原来对鸟类早上唱歌更多的解释是为了让声音传播得更远。故选C项。 18．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中“According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known as the dawn chorus (黎明合唱), and it can start as early as 4 am and last for several hours. (根据Woodland信托基金会的说法，这种早间鸣叫被称为黎明合唱（黎明合唱），它最早可以在凌晨4点开始，并持续数小时。)”以及下文对鸟类黎明合唱的原因的解释，可知，本文主要讨论了鸟类为什么在黎明时分鸣叫以及可能的解释。故选B项。 二．七选五 （2025高三·广东·学业考试）The art of Chinese knotting, or Zhongguo Jie, has a long history in China. It is a unique form of traditional Chinese handicraft (手工艺). 19 These knots were used to record events and information in ancient times. As time went by, Chinese knotting developed into a decorative art. The materials for making Chinese knots are usually colorful silk threads. 20 They can be made into different shapes like butterflies, flowers, and lucky symbols. Each knot has its own special meaning. For example, a double-coin knot represents wealth. 21 First, the crafter chooses the right silk threads according to the design. Then, different knotting techniques are used to create the basic shapes. Finally, the crafter combines these shapes to form a complete Chinese knot. In the past, Chinese knots were often given as gifts during festivals. 22 Today, they are not only popular in China but also loved by people around the world. They can be seen in many places, such as homes, shops, and art galleries. 23 Many schools and communities hold Chinese knotting classes to teach this traditional art to young people. In this way, more people can learn about Chinese knotting and help keep this cultural heritage alive. A．Making a Chinese knot involves several steps. B．In ancient times, people made simple knots with ropes. C．People believe that they can bring good luck and happiness. D．These threads are easy to shape and can be knotted in different ways. E．Chinese knotting has become a symbol of Chinese traditional culture. 【答案】19．B 20．D 21．A 22．C 23．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国结的历史、材料、制作步骤、文化意义及其在现代的传承。 19．由上文“The art of Chinese knotting, or Zhongguo Jie, has a long history in China. It is a unique form of traditional Chinese handicraft (手工艺).(中国结的艺术，或称“Zhongguo Jie”，在中国有着悠久的历史。它是中国传统手工艺的一种独特形式。)”及下文“These knots were used to record events and information in ancient times.(在古代，这些结被用来记录事件和信息。)”可知，此处需要提及中国结的起源或早期形态，为下文记录事件和信息做铺垫。B选项“In ancient times, people made simple knots with ropes.(在古代，人们用绳子打简单的结。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 20．由上文“The materials for making Chinese knots are usually colorful silk threads.(制作中国结的材料通常是五颜六色的丝线。)”及下文“They can be made into different shapes like butterflies, flowers, and lucky symbols.(它们可以做成不同的形状，如蝴蝶、花朵和幸运符号。)”可知，此处需要说明这些丝线易于塑形，为下文做成不同形状做铺垫。D选项“These threads are easy to shape and can be knotted in different ways.(这些线很容易塑形，可以用不同的方式打结。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 21．由下文“First, the crafter chooses the right silk threads according to the design. Then, different knotting techniques are used to create the basic shapes. Finally, the crafter combines these shapes to form a complete Chinese knot.(首先，工匠根据设计选择合适的丝线。然后，使用不同的打结技术来创建基本形状。最后，工匠将这些形状组合起来，形成一个完整的中国结。)”可知，此处需要说明制作中国结涉及多个步骤，为下文具体步骤做铺垫。A选项“Making a Chinese knot involves several steps.(制作一个中国结需要几个步骤。)”能引出下文，概括了制作中国结的步骤性，符合语境。故选A。 22．由上文“In the past, Chinese knots were often given as gifts during festivals.(在过去，中国结经常在节日期间作为礼物赠送。)”及下文“Today, they are not only popular in China but also loved by people around the world.(如今，它们不仅在中国很受欢迎，而且受到全世界人民的喜爱。)”可知，此处需要说明中国结作为礼物的原因或意义，为下文受欢迎做铺垫。C选项“People believe that they can bring good luck and happiness.(人们相信它们能带来好运和幸福。)”能承上启下，符合语境，说明了中国结作为礼物的原因和意义。故选C。 23．由下文“Many schools and communities hold Chinese knotting classes to teach this traditional art to young people. In this way, more people can learn about Chinese knotting and help keep this cultural heritage alive.(许多学校和社区开设了中国结课程，向年轻人传授这一传统艺术。这样，更多的人可以了解中国结，并帮助保持这一文化遗产的活力。)”可知，此处需要说明中国结的文化地位或意义，为下文开设课程和传承做铺垫。E选项“Chinese knotting has become a symbol of Chinese traditional culture.(中国结已成为中国传统文化的象征。)”符合语境，概括了中国结的文化地位和意义。故选E。 三、完形填空 （2024高三上·广东肇庆·学业考试）通读下面的短文，掌握其大意。然后，从每小题的四个选项中选出可填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Nearly everybody enjoys chicken, and the most famous name in chicken is Kentucky Fried Chicken. Mr. Sanders, the man who started this 24 was not always very rich. At one time, he 25 a small gas station next to a highway (公路). Many truck drivers 26 there to get gas and take a rest. Mr. Sanders realized they were often 27 , so he began serving sandwiches and coffee. 28 the sandwiches he made tasted good, and didn’t 29 too much, more and more 30 came to eat at his place. 31 Mr. Sanders began to serve fried chicken. People 32 it very much, and his new business grew rapidly. Not long after, however, another highway was 33 , and many drivers no longer went 34 Mr. Sanders’ restaurant. So he had to 35 it. Then he traveled around the country 36 to sell his idea of opening fried chicken restaurants. He 37 . By 1967, there were almost 5000 Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants. And now, 38 you go in the United States, you will see one. If you like chicken, I’m sure, you’ll enjoy eating Kentucky Fried Chicken. 24．A．business B．shop C．life D．search 25．A．found B．worked C．saw D．owned 26．A．passed B．got to C．stopped D．left 27．A．late B．hungry C．tired D．sick 28．A．Although B．If C．As D．Once 29．A．need B．pay C．spend D．cost 30．A．passengers B．drivers C．students D．doctors 31．A．Then B．So C．But D．For 32．A．ate B．liked C．tried D．drank 33．A．appeared B．found C．built D．broken 34．A．out B．to C．over D．on 35．A．close B．run C．return D．take 36．A．trying B．believing C．thinking D．suggesting 37．A．failed B．fails C．succeeds D．succeeded 38．A．whenever B．wherever C．where D．when 【答案】 24．A 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．C 29．D 30．B 31．A 32．B 33．C 34．B 35．A 36．A 37．D 38．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了肯德基创始人桑德斯先生从经营加油站时售卖三明治起步，后推出炸鸡生意，因公路改道关闭店铺，又通过四处推广最终使肯德基餐厅在美国广泛发展的故事。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：桑德斯先生，即创办这家企业的那个人，起初并不十分富有。A. business企业，公司，生意；B. shop商店；C. life生活，生命；D. search搜寻。根据下文“his new business grew rapidly”以及“By 1967, there were almost 5000 Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants.”可知，此处指桑德斯是开创这个企业的人，start a business意为“创立一个公司，创业”。故选A。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：曾经，他在一条公路旁拥有一家小型加油站。A. found发现，找到；B. worked工作；C. saw看到；D. owned拥有。根据下文“Many truck drivers ____3____ there to get gas and take a rest.”可知，桑德斯起初拥有一个小的加油站，故选D。 26．考查动词（短语）词义辨析。句意：许多卡车司机在那里停下来加油并休息一会儿。A. passed经过；B. got to到达；C. stopped停止；D. left离开。根据上文“a small gas station next to a highway”以及下文“there to get gas and take a rest.”可知，司机停车在加油站加油、休息。故选C。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：桑德斯先生意识到他们经常感到饥饿，于是他开始提供三明治和咖啡。A. late晚的，迟的；B. hungry饥饿的；C. tired疲倦的；D. sick生病的。根据下文“so he began serving sandwiches and coffee.”可知，此处指桑德斯先生意识到司机会感到饥饿，所以开始售卖食物。故选B。 28．考查连词词义辨析。句意：由于他做的三明治味道不错，而且价格也不算太高，越来越多的司机开始来他那里用餐。A. Although尽管；B. If如果；C. As因为；D. Once一旦。根据下文“the sandwiches he made tasted good, and didn’t ____6____ too much, more and more ____7____ came to eat at his place”可知，因为桑德斯制作的三明治很好吃，且价格不贵，所以越来越多的人前来享用。故选C。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于他做的三明治味道不错，而且价格也不算太高，越来越多的司机开始来他那里用餐。A. need需要；B. pay支付；C. spend花费，度过；D. cost价钱为，要价。根据主语“the sandwiches”以及空后“too much”可知，此处指三明治价格不高。spend用于sb spend...on sth或者sb spend...in doing sth（in可以省略），spend的主语必须是人，可以指花费时间、也可以指花费金钱；cost用于 sth costs sb sth，主语必须是物，多指花费金钱，少数情况可指花费时间、气力，有时表示成本的消耗；pay的基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买……。 (2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。句中主语是物（三明治），填cost指某物的价格。故选D。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于他做的三明治味道不错，而且价格也不算太高，越来越多的司机开始来他那里用餐。A. passengers乘客；B. drivers司机；C. students学生；D. doctors医生。根据上文“Many truck drivers ____3____ there to get gas and take a rest. Mr. Sanders realized they were often ____4____, so he began serving sandwiches and coffee.”可知，前来的顾客是司机。故选B。 31．考查连词词义辨析。句意：随后，桑德斯先生开始供应炸鸡了。A. Then然后，后来；B. So因此；C. But但是；D. For因为。根据上文“he began serving sandwiches and coffee.”以及空后“Mr. Sanders began to serve fried chicken. People ____9____ it very much, and his new business grew rapidly.”可知，桑德斯先生一开始卖三明治和咖啡，后来又提供炸鸡。故选A。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们非常喜欢炸鸡，他的新生意也迅速发展起来。A. ate吃；B. liked喜欢；C. tried尝试；D. drank喝。根据下文“his new business grew rapidly”可知，顾客很喜欢桑德斯先生所卖的炸鸡。故选B。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，没过多久，又修建了一条公路，于是许多司机不再前往桑德斯先生的餐厅用餐了。A. appeared出现；B. found发现，找到；C. built建造；D. broken(使)破，裂。根据上文“another highway”以及下文“many drivers no longer went ____11____ Mr. Sanders’ restaurant.”可知，另一条公路被修建。故选C。 34．考查介词词义辨析。句意：然而，没过多久，又修建了一条公路，于是许多司机不再前往桑德斯先生的餐厅用餐了。A. out(从……里)出来；B. to朝，向；C. over超过，在……上方；D. on在……之上。根据上文“however, another highway was ____10____”以及下文“Then he traveled around the country ____13____ to sell his idea of opening fried chicken restaurants.”可知，新的公路修建以后，许多司机不再走原来的公路，因此，此处指许多司机不再去桑德斯的餐馆。go to...“去……”符合语境。故选B。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他不得不关闭餐馆。A. close关闭；B. run跑；C. return返回；D. take带走。根据下文“Then he traveled around the country ____13____ to sell his idea of opening fried chicken restaurants.”可知，没有了生意，桑德斯不得不关闭了餐馆。故选A。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他走遍全国，试图推销自己开设炸鸡店的构想。A. trying尝试；B. believing相信；C. thinking认为；D. suggesting建议。根据下文“to sell his idea of opening fried chicken restaurants”以及“By 1967, there were almost 5000 Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants.”可知，桑德斯周游全国，尝试着兜售开炸鸡店的想法。故选A。 37．考查动词词义辨析和时态。句意：他成功了。A. failed失败；B. fails失败；C. succeeds成功；D. succeeded成功。根据下文“By 1967, there were almost 5000 Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants.”可知，桑德斯推销自己开设炸鸡店构想的做法成功了；叙述过去的事情，用一般过去时，填过去式succeeded。故选D。 38．考查连词词义辨析。句意：如今，无论你在美国的哪个地方，都能看到它。A. whenever无论何时；B. wherever无论何地；C. where(在)……的地方；D. when在……时候。根据下文“you go in the United States, you will see one.”可知，可知，此处指无论你走到美国的任何一个地方，你都能发现一家肯德基店，用wherever引导让步状语从句，强调肯德基店很多，开遍美国各地。故选B。 四、语法填空 （2025高三·广东·学业考试）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a hot tourist attraction. Built in 1420, the palace recorded lives of important people through various relics and documents. The Forbidden City made a two-day broadcast 39 (celebrate) its 600th birthday in April, 2020. The museum can provide a large amount of 40 (value) material for today’s historical research, as well as inspiration for literature and entertainment. In addition 41 a look at the history, the Forbidden City is also creative in terms of marketing. Over the last decade, the museum 42 (produce) more than 10,000 cultural products featuring the imperial (皇家的) palace and 43 (it) exhibits (展品), from fans, notebooks to apps and cosmetics (化妆品). The most popular products are the ones that feature the royal cats. The cat products are 44 (real) inspired by the cats who call the Forbidden City home. More than 200 cats are living in the palace where they are being well 45 (care) for. These small cute animals often walk around freely and pose cutely to make 46 (visit) laugh, who sometimes can play with them. “The real reason 47 the Palace Museum has become so popular among people is that it keeps the right balance (平衡) among preserving (保留) history, sharing knowledge, and providing interesting interactive shows,” Shan Jixiang, former director and curator (馆长) of 48 museum, told China Daily. 【答案】 39．to celebrate 40．valuable 41．to 42．has produced 43．its 44．really 45．cared 46．visitors 47．why 48．the 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了故宫博物院的历史、文化价值以及在市场营销方面的创意。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：2020年4月，故宫博物院为庆祝其600岁生日进行了为期两天的直播。本句谓语为made，此处为非谓语动词，作目的状语，用celebrate“庆祝”的不定式，故填to celebrate。 40．考查形容词。句意：博物馆可以为今天的历史研究提供大量有价值的材料，也可以为文学和娱乐提供灵感。本空修饰名词material，作定语，用形容词valuable“有价值的”，故填valuable。 41．考查固定短语。句意：除了了解历史，故宫在营销方面也很有创意。in addition to“除了……之外（还有）”，是固定短语，故填to。 42．考查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，博物馆已经制作了1万多种以故宫及其展品为特色的文化产品，从扇子、笔记本到应用程序和化妆品。根据时间状语Over the last decade可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语the museum是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has produced。 43．考查代词。句意同上。本空修饰名词exhibits，用形容词性物主代词its“它的”，故填its。 44．考查副词。句意：这些猫产品真的是受到那些以故宫为家的猫的启发。本空修饰动词inspired，作状语，用副词really“真正地”，故填really。 45．考查语态。句意：200多只猫生活在宫殿里，在那里它们得到了很好的照顾。本空在where引导的定语从句中作谓语，cats和care“照顾”之间是被动关系，本空用过去分词，与空前的are构成一般过去时，故填cared。 46．考查名词。句意：这些可爱的小动物经常自由自在地走来走去，摆出可爱的姿势逗游客发笑，游客有时还可以和它们一起玩。本空作make的宾语，表示“游客”，用名词visitor，此处指不止一个游客，用名词复数，故填visitors。 47．考查定语从句。句意：故宫博物院前馆长单霁翔在接受《中国日报》采访时表示：“故宫博物院之所以如此受欢迎，是因为它在保存历史、分享知识和提供有趣的互动展示之间保持了适当的平衡。”本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，关系词代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，用关系副词why引导，故填why。 48．考查冠词。句意同上。本空特指上文提到的the Palace Museum，用定冠词the修饰，故填the。 五、书信写作 （2025高二下·陕西·学业考试）假如你是秦沐，目前在新西兰留学。当地美术馆计划举办一场中国书画展，正在招募志愿者。请你给主办方写一封信，申请做一名志愿者。内容包括： （1）写信目的； （2）个人优势； （3）希望获准。 注意：（1）词数100左右； （2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：美术馆 gallery 中国书画展 exhibition of Chinese painting and calligraphy Dear Sir or Madam, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Qin Mu 【答案】Dear Sir or Madam, My name is Qin Mu, an international student from China. Learning that you are recruiting volunteers for the exhibition of Chinese painting and calligraphy, I’m writing to apply to be one of them. As a Chinese, I have been learning Chinese painting and calligraphy since I was five, helping me understand it better and introduce works more comprehensively. Additionally, I have such a good command of oral English that I can communicate with visitors fluently. Thirdly, I am experienced in receiving guests, for I once worked as a volunteer in several cross-cultural activities and won praise from organizers. I would appreciate it if you could take my application into account. Looking forward to your reply.       Yours, Qin Mu 【导语】这是一篇应用文。当地美术馆计划举办一场中国书画展，正在招募志愿者。请考生给主办方写一封信，申请做一名志愿者。 【详解】1.词汇积累： 理解：understand→comprehend 全面地：comprehensively→thoroughly 精通：have a good command of→be proficient in 考虑：take...into account→take...into consideration 2.句式拓展： 同义句 原句：Learning that you are recruiting volunteers for the exhibition of Chinese painting and calligraphy, I’m writing to apply to be one of them. 拓展句：When I have learned that you are recruiting volunteers for the exhibition of Chinese painting and calligraphy, I decided to write this letter to apply to be one of them. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Learning that you are recruiting volunteers for the exhibition of Chinese painting and calligraphy, I’m writing to apply to be one of them.（运用现在分词短语作原因状语和that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型 2】Additionally, I have such a good command of oral English that I can communicate with visitors fluently.（运用 such...that... 引导的结果状语从句） / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $