Unit 5 First Aid(单元核心知识)(背诵默写任务单)英语人教版选择性必修第二册

2026-05-08
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摘要:

该高中英语Unit 5“First Aid”单元学习任务单以急救知识为主题,围绕词性转换、核心单词、重点短语及现在分词语法构建知识体系,设计“基础积累-语法深化-综合应用”的递进式学习路径,引导学生从词汇记忆逐步过渡到语法规则的理解与运用,体现知识建构的系统性和连贯性。 亮点在于语法模块的“时态语态+句法功能”深度解析,通过“一般主动式/被动式”“完成主动式/被动式”的对比及高阶例句分析,培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。资料提供背诵版核心知识及高频考点总结,既支持学生系统复习,又为教师实施单元复习教学提供清晰的指导框架,促进深度学习和能力提升。

内容正文:

Unit 5 First Aid 单元核心知识(背诵版) 一、词性转换 1 / 4 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.minor adj.较小的;次要的;轻微的→minority n.少数;少数民族 2.electric adj.电的;用电的;电动的→electrical adj.与电有关的→electricity n.电;电学 3.urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的;急切的→urge vt.力劝;敦促;强烈要求 n.强烈的愿望 4.operator n.电话接线员;操作员→operate vt.操作;运转;动手术→operation n.运转;手术 5.bleeding n.流血;失血→bleed vi.(bled,bled)流血;失血→blood n.血液;血 6.interrupt vi.& vt.打断;打扰 vt.使暂停;使中断→interruption n.打扰 7.practical adj.切实可行的;实际的;实践的→practice n.练习;实践;惯例→practically adv.几乎;差不多;实际上 8.tightly adv.紧紧地;牢固地;紧密地→tight adj.牢固的;紧身的;绷紧的;严密的 adv.紧紧地;牢固地→tighten vt.(使)变紧;(使)加紧 9.justify vt.证明……有道理;为……辩护;是……的正当理由→justice n.正义;公正 10.foggy adj.有雾的→fog n.雾 二、核心单词 1. technique n. 技能;技术;技艺 2. leaflet n. 散页印刷品;传单;小册子 3. organ n. 人或动植物的器官 4. toxin n. 毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质) 5. ray n. 光线;光束;(热、电等)射线 6. radiation n. 辐射;放射线 7. acid n. 酸 adj. 酸的;酸性的 8. millimetre n. 毫米;千分之一米 9. minor adj. 较小的;次要的;轻微的 10. layer n. 层;表层;层次 11. electric adj. 电的;用电的;电动的 12. victim n. 受害者;患者 13. swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的;肿胀的 14. swell vi. (swelled, swollen) 膨胀;肿胀 15. blister n.(皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱;(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡 16. underneath prep. & adv. 在……底下;隐藏在下面 17. nerve n. 神经 18. fabric n. 织物;布料;(社会、机构等的)结构 19. loose adj. 松的;未系紧的;宽松的 20. urgent adj. 紧急的;急迫的;急切的 21. ease vi. & vt.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解 n. 容易;舒适;自在 22. paramedic n. 急救医生;护理人员 23. swallow vt. & vi. 吞下;咽下 24. wrap vt. 包;裹;(用手臂等)围住 25. bathtub n. 浴缸;浴盆 26. bath n. 洗澡;(BrE=bathtub)浴缸;浴盆 vt.(NAmE=bathe)给……洗澡 27. slip vi. 滑倒;滑落;溜走 n. 滑倒;小错误;纸条 28. mosquito n. (pl. -oes, -os) 蚊子 29. elderly adj. 年纪较大的;上了年纪的(婉辞) 30. carpet n. 地毯 31. operator n. 电话接线员;操作员 32. ambulance n. 救护车 33. delay vi. & vt. 推迟;延期(做某事)vt. 耽误;耽搁 n. 延误;耽搁(的时间);推迟 34. needle n. 针;缝衣针;注射针;指针 35. ward n. 病房 36. drown vi. & vt.(使)淹死;溺死;浸泡;淹没 37. sprain vt. 扭伤(关节)n. 扭伤 38. ankle n. 踝;踝关节 39. bleeding n. 流血;失血 40. bleed vi. & vt. (bled, bled) 流血;失血 41. panic vi. & vt. (使)惊慌 n. 惊恐;恐慌 42. interrupt vi. & vt. 打断;打扰 vt. 使暂停;使中断 43. scream vi. & vt. 因愤怒或恐惧高声喊;大声叫 n. 尖叫;尖锐刺耳的声音 44. fellow adj. 同类的;同事的;同伴的;同情况的 n. 男人;家伙;同事;同辈;同类 45. diner n.(尤指餐馆的)就餐者 46. choke vi. & vt.(使)窒息;(使)哽咽 47. steak n. 牛排;肉排 48. throat n. 咽喉;喉咙 49. desperate adj. 绝望的;孤注一掷的;非常需要的 50. slap vt.(用手掌)打;拍 n.(用手掌)打;拍;拍击声 51. practical adj. 切实可行的;实际的;实践的 52. obstruction n. 阻塞;阻塞物 53. fist n. 拳;拳头 54. grab vt. 抓住;攫取 n. 抓取;抢夺 55. tightly adv. 紧紧地;牢固地;紧密地 56. tight adv. 紧紧地;牢固地 adj. 牢固的;紧身的;绷紧的;严密的 57. motion n. 运动;移动 58. justify vt. 证明……有道理;为……辩护;是……的正当理由 59. welfare n. 幸福;福祉;安康;福利 60. collapse vi.(突然)倒塌;(因病等)昏倒 61. manual n. 使用手册;说明书 adj. 用手的;手工的;体力的;手控的 62. foggy adj. 有雾的 63. suburb n. 郊区;城外 64. membership n. 会员身份;全体会员;会员人数 三、重点短语 1.sense of touch触觉 2.electric shock触电;电击 3.help sb.to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来 4.vital sign生命体征 5.face up/down面朝上(朝下) 6.sleep in迟起;睡过头;睡懒觉 7.out of shape健康状况不好 8.mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing口对口人工呼吸 四、核心语法 现在分词(动词-ing) 一、动词-ing形式完整时态&语态变化 语法形式 结构 核心用法 高中高阶例句 一般主动式 doing 表示主动动作,与主句谓语动作同时发生,或表达经常性、习惯性动作 Having a good command of English helps him communicate with foreign friends smoothly. 一般被动式 being done 表示被动且正在进行的动作,可作定语、宾语、主语 The house being decorated is designed for the elderly couple. 完成主动式 having done 表示主动动作,先于主句谓语动作完成,强调动作先后顺序 Having lived in the city for ten years, he knows every corner of it clearly. 完成被动式 having been done 表示被动动作,先于主句谓语动作完成,多作状语 Having been praised by the teacher, the student made greater progress in his studies. 二、现在分词(动词-ing)句法功能深度详解 (一)作定语 1. 单个现在分词作前置定语 修饰单数或复数名词,体现名词的主动动作、特征状态,比简单形容词表达更生动,多见于书面语。 例句: 0. The rising sun shines brightly over the peaceful village.(冉冉升起的太阳) 0. We should learn from the inspiring speech delivered by the expert.(鼓舞人心的演讲) 1. 现在分词短语作后置定语 相当于定语从句,可还原为“who/which/that + 谓语动词”,是语法填空高频考点。 例句: 0. The students attending the lecture are from senior three of our school. = The students who are attending the lecture are from senior three of our school. 0. There are many problems remaining to be solved in our daily life. = There are many problems that remain to be solved in our daily life. 1. 现在分词vs动名词作定语的本质区别 0. 现在分词:名词与分词是主谓关系(名词能发出该动作),如a sleeping child = the child is sleeping; 0. 动名词:表名词的用途,无主谓关系,如a washing machine = a machine for washing。 (二)作表语 1. 现在分词作表语(形容词化) 修饰事物,表达主语令人产生某种情绪、具备某种特征,系动词除be外,还可接look、seem、sound、prove等。 例句: 0. The result of the experiment is very encouraging to all the researchers. 0. The story he told at the class meeting was so moving that everyone was moved to tears. 2. 与过去分词作表语的核心区分 现在分词:主语为物,令人……(主动);过去分词:主语为人,感到……(被动)。 例句:The puzzling problem made all of us puzzled. (三)作宾语补足语 1. 高频感官动词 + 宾语 + 现在分词 强调宾语正在进行的动作,侧重动作的瞬间状态,而非动作全过程。 常见动词:see, hear, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, feel 例句: 0. I noticed a stranger standing at the gate of our school when I passed by. 0. She found a little boy crying in the corner, unable to find his mother. 2. 高频使役动词 + 宾语 + 现在分词 强调让宾语持续处于某种动作状态。 常见动词:keep, leave, get, have 例句: 0. Don’t leave the water running while you brush your teeth every day. 0. The heavy rain kept us waiting for the bus for nearly half an hour. (四)作状语(高考重中之重) 现在分词作状语,逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致,可表时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果、方式、让步,可替换对应状语从句,是写作、语法填空高分句型。 1. 时间状语 可加when/while,强调分词动作与主句动作同时发生。 例句:While studying abroad, he developed a good habit of keeping diaries every day. 2. 原因状语 相当于as/because/since引导的原因状语从句,多用于书面语,提升句式复杂度。 例句:Not having received a reply from his friend, he decided to write another letter to her. 3. 条件状语 相当于if引导的条件状语从句,表达合理的条件与结果。 例句:Keeping trying and never giving up, you will achieve your dream in the end. 4. 伴随状语 表达与主句动作同时发生的次要动作,是高中写作常用高级句式。 例句:The students walked out of the classroom happily, talking about the wonderful football match. 5. 结果状语 表达主句动作引发的自然而然、意料之中的结果,区别于不定式的意外结果。 例句:The new policy greatly reduced the cost of living, bringing great convenience to ordinary people. 6. 方式状语 说明主句动作发生的方式、状态,丰富句子表达。 例句:All the students stood there silently, listening carefully to what the teacher said. 三、动名词(动词-ing)句法功能深度详解 (一)作主语 1. 直接置于句首,谓语动词用单数形式,表达抽象动作。 例句:Learning to cooperate with others is an important skill we need to master in modern society. 2. 形式主语it结构(高考固定句型) It + be + 名词/形容词/固定搭配 + doing sth 例句: 0. It is no use complaining about your problems without taking action. 0. It is worthwhile spending much time reading meaningful books. (二)作宾语(高考必背核心考点) 1. 只接动名词作宾语的高频动词(完整必背) admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, stand, allow, permit, forbid, resist, deny 高阶例句: 1. He admitted having made the same mistake again in the exam. 1. I appreciate being given the chance to take part in the international competition. 2. 只接动名词作宾语的高频短语(完整必背) look forward to, pay attention to, be used to, object to, devote oneself to, get used to, give up, put off, can’t help, feel like, succeed in, have trouble/difficulty (in), be fond of, be proud of 高阶例句: 1. She is looking forward to receiving the admission letter from her ideal university. 1. The old man has devoted all his life to teaching students in the remote mountain village. 3. 接动名词vs不定式,含义完全不同的动词(高考易错) 动词 动名词(doing) 不定式(to do) 高阶例句 remember 记得做过某事(已完成) 记得去做某事(未做) Remember to bring your homework tomorrow; I remember telling you about it this morning. forget 忘记做过某事(已完成) 忘记去做某事(未做) He forgot handing in his paper, so he handed it again anxiously. regret 后悔做过某事 遗憾/抱歉要做某事 I regret not following your advice; I regret to tell you that you failed the test. mean 意味着做某事 打算/意欲做某事 Missing the early bus means waiting for another hour; I mean to finish the task today. stop 停止正在做的事 停下来去做另一件事 Stop talking loudly; let’s stop to listen to the teacher carefully. 4. 特殊动词:allow/permit/forbid + doing / + sb + to do 例句:Our school doesn’t allow smoking in public; we don’t allow students to smoke in the campus. 四、动词-ing形式的否定形式 否定词not必须置于动词-ing形式之前,无论何种结构(doing/having done/being done)。 例句: 1. Not knowing how to deal with the problem, he turned to his parents for help. 1. He regretted not having taken part in the voluntary activity last weekend. $Unit 5 First Aid 单元核心知识(默写版) 一、词性转换 1 / 4 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.minor adj.较小的;次要的;轻微的→ n.少数;少数民族 2.electric adj.电的;用电的;电动的→ adj.与电有关的→ n.电;电学 3.urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的;急切的→ vt.力劝;敦促;强烈要求 n.强烈的愿望 4.operator n.电话接线员;操作员→ vt.操作;运转;动手术→ n.运转;手术 5.bleeding n.流血;失血→ vi.(bled,bled)流血;失血→ n.血液;血 6.interrupt vi.& vt.打断;打扰 vt.使暂停;使中断→ n.打扰 7.practical adj.切实可行的;实际的;实践的→ n.练习;实践;惯例 → adv.几乎;差不多;实际上 8.tightly adv.紧紧地;牢固地;紧密地→ adj.牢固的;紧身的;绷紧的;严密的 adv.紧紧地;牢固地→ vt.(使)变紧;(使)加紧 9.justify vt.证明……有道理;为……辩护;是……的正当理由→ n.正义;公正 10.foggy adj.有雾的→ n.雾 二、核心单词 1 / 4 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1. __________ n. 技能;技术;技艺 2. __________ n. 散页印刷品;传单;小册子 3. __________ n. 人或动植物的器官 4. __________ n. 毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质) 5. __________ n. 光线;光束;(热、电等)射线 6. __________ n. 辐射;放射线 7. __________ n. 酸 adj. 酸的;酸性的 8. __________ n. 毫米;千分之一米 9. __________ adj. 较小的;次要的;轻微的 10. __________ n. 层;表层;层次 11. __________ adj. 电的;用电的;电动的 12. __________ n. 受害者;患者 13. __________ adj.(身体部位)肿起的;肿胀的 14. __________ vi. (swelled, swollen) 膨胀;肿胀 15. __________ n.(皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱;(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡 16. __________ prep. & adv. 在……底下;隐藏在下面 17. __________ n. 神经 18. __________ n. 织物;布料;(社会、机构等的)结构 19. __________ adj. 松的;未系紧的;宽松的 20. __________ adj. 紧急的;急迫的;急切的 21. __________ vi. & vt.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解 n. 容易;舒适;自在 22. __________ n. 急救医生;护理人员 23. __________ vt. & vi. 吞下;咽下 24. __________ vt. 包;裹;(用手臂等)围住 25. __________ n. 浴缸;浴盆 26. __________ n. 洗澡;(BrE=bathtub)浴缸;浴盆 vt.(NAmE=bathe)给……洗澡 27. __________ vi. 滑倒;滑落;溜走 n. 滑倒;小错误;纸条 28. __________ n. (pl. -oes, -os) 蚊子 29. __________ adj. 年纪较大的;上了年纪的(婉辞) 30. __________ n. 地毯 31. __________ n. 电话接线员;操作员 32. __________ n. 救护车 33. __________ vi. & vt. 推迟;延期(做某事)vt. 耽误;耽搁 n. 延误;耽搁(的时间);推迟 34. __________ n. 针;缝衣针;注射针;指针 35. __________ n. 病房 36. __________ vi. & vt.(使)淹死;溺死;浸泡;淹没 37. __________ vt. 扭伤(关节)n. 扭伤 38. __________ n. 踝;踝关节 39. __________ n. 流血;失血 40. __________ vi. & vt. (bled, bled) 流血;失血 41. __________ vi. & vt. (使)惊慌 n. 惊恐;恐慌 42. __________ vi. & vt. 打断;打扰 vt. 使暂停;使中断 43. __________ vi. & vt. 因愤怒或恐惧高声喊;大声叫 n. 尖叫;尖锐刺耳的声音 44. __________ adj. 同类的;同事的;同伴的;同情况的 n. 男人;家伙;同事;同辈;同类 45. __________ n.(尤指餐馆的)就餐者 46. __________ vi. & vt.(使)窒息;(使)哽咽 47. __________ n. 牛排;肉排 48. __________ n. 咽喉;喉咙 49. __________ adj. 绝望的;孤注一掷的;非常需要的 50. __________ vt.(用手掌)打;拍 n.(用手掌)打;拍;拍击声 51. __________ adj. 切实可行的;实际的;实践的 52. __________ n. 阻塞;阻塞物 53. __________ n. 拳;拳头 54. __________ vt. 抓住;攫取 n. 抓取;抢夺 55. __________ adv. 紧紧地;牢固地;紧密地 56. __________ adv. 紧紧地;牢固地 adj. 牢固的;紧身的;绷紧的;严密的 57. __________ n. 运动;移动 58. __________ vt. 证明……有道理;为……辩护;是……的正当理由 59. __________ n. 幸福;福祉;安康;福利 60. __________ vi.(突然)倒塌;(因病等)昏倒 61. __________ n. 使用手册;说明书 adj. 用手的;手工的;体力的;手控的 62. __________ adj. 有雾的 63. __________ n. 郊区;城外 64. __________ n. 会员身份;全体会员;会员人数 三、重点短语 1.sense of touch 2.electric shock 3.help sb.to one’s fee 4.vital sign 5.face up/down 6.sleep in 7.out of shape 8.mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing 四、核心语法 现在分词(动词-ing) 一、动词-ing形式完整时态&语态变化 语法形式 结构 核心用法 高中高阶例句 一般主动式 doing 表示主动动作,与主句谓语动作同时发生,或表达经常性、习惯性动作 Having a good command of English helps him communicate with foreign friends smoothly. 一般被动式 being done 表示被动且正在进行的动作,可作定语、宾语、主语 The house being decorated is designed for the elderly couple. 完成主动式 having done 表示主动动作,先于主句谓语动作完成,强调动作先后顺序 Having lived in the city for ten years, he knows every corner of it clearly. 完成被动式 having been done 表示被动动作,先于主句谓语动作完成,多作状语 Having been praised by the teacher, the student made greater progress in his studies. 二、现在分词(动词-ing)句法功能深度详解 (一)作定语 1. 单个现在分词作前置定语 修饰单数或复数名词,体现名词的主动动作、特征状态,比简单形容词表达更生动,多见于书面语。 例句: 0. The rising sun shines brightly over the peaceful village.(冉冉升起的太阳) 0. We should learn from the inspiring speech delivered by the expert.(鼓舞人心的演讲) 1. 现在分词短语作后置定语 相当于定语从句,可还原为“who/which/that + 谓语动词”,是语法填空高频考点。 例句: 0. The students attending the lecture are from senior three of our school. = The students who are attending the lecture are from senior three of our school. 0. There are many problems remaining to be solved in our daily life. = There are many problems that remain to be solved in our daily life. 1. 现在分词vs动名词作定语的本质区别 0. 现在分词:名词与分词是主谓关系(名词能发出该动作),如a sleeping child = the child is sleeping; 0. 动名词:表名词的用途,无主谓关系,如a washing machine = a machine for washing。 (二)作表语 1. 现在分词作表语(形容词化) 修饰事物,表达主语令人产生某种情绪、具备某种特征,系动词除be外,还可接look、seem、sound、prove等。 例句: 0. The result of the experiment is very encouraging to all the researchers. 0. The story he told at the class meeting was so moving that everyone was moved to tears. 2. 与过去分词作表语的核心区分 现在分词:主语为物,令人……(主动);过去分词:主语为人,感到……(被动)。 例句:The puzzling problem made all of us puzzled. (三)作宾语补足语 1. 高频感官动词 + 宾语 + 现在分词 强调宾语正在进行的动作,侧重动作的瞬间状态,而非动作全过程。 常见动词:see, hear, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, feel 例句: 0. I noticed a stranger standing at the gate of our school when I passed by. 0. She found a little boy crying in the corner, unable to find his mother. 2. 高频使役动词 + 宾语 + 现在分词 强调让宾语持续处于某种动作状态。 常见动词:keep, leave, get, have 例句: 0. Don’t leave the water running while you brush your teeth every day. 0. The heavy rain kept us waiting for the bus for nearly half an hour. (四)作状语(高考重中之重) 现在分词作状语,逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致,可表时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果、方式、让步,可替换对应状语从句,是写作、语法填空高分句型。 1. 时间状语 可加when/while,强调分词动作与主句动作同时发生。 例句:While studying abroad, he developed a good habit of keeping diaries every day. 2. 原因状语 相当于as/because/since引导的原因状语从句,多用于书面语,提升句式复杂度。 例句:Not having received a reply from his friend, he decided to write another letter to her. 3. 条件状语 相当于if引导的条件状语从句,表达合理的条件与结果。 例句:Keeping trying and never giving up, you will achieve your dream in the end. 4. 伴随状语 表达与主句动作同时发生的次要动作,是高中写作常用高级句式。 例句:The students walked out of the classroom happily, talking about the wonderful football match. 5. 结果状语 表达主句动作引发的自然而然、意料之中的结果,区别于不定式的意外结果。 例句:The new policy greatly reduced the cost of living, bringing great convenience to ordinary people. 6. 方式状语 说明主句动作发生的方式、状态,丰富句子表达。 例句:All the students stood there silently, listening carefully to what the teacher said. 三、动名词(动词-ing)句法功能深度详解 (一)作主语 1. 直接置于句首,谓语动词用单数形式,表达抽象动作。 例句:Learning to cooperate with others is an important skill we need to master in modern society. 2. 形式主语it结构(高考固定句型) It + be + 名词/形容词/固定搭配 + doing sth 例句: 0. It is no use complaining about your problems without taking action. 0. It is worthwhile spending much time reading meaningful books. (二)作宾语(高考必背核心考点) 1. 只接动名词作宾语的高频动词(完整必背) admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, stand, allow, permit, forbid, resist, deny 高阶例句: 1. He admitted having made the same mistake again in the exam. 1. I appreciate being given the chance to take part in the international competition. 2. 只接动名词作宾语的高频短语(完整必背) look forward to, pay attention to, be used to, object to, devote oneself to, get used to, give up, put off, can’t help, feel like, succeed in, have trouble/difficulty (in), be fond of, be proud of 高阶例句: 1. She is looking forward to receiving the admission letter from her ideal university. 1. The old man has devoted all his life to teaching students in the remote mountain village. 3. 接动名词vs不定式,含义完全不同的动词(高考易错) 动词 动名词(doing) 不定式(to do) 高阶例句 remember 记得做过某事(已完成) 记得去做某事(未做) Remember to bring your homework tomorrow; I remember telling you about it this morning. forget 忘记做过某事(已完成) 忘记去做某事(未做) He forgot handing in his paper, so he handed it again anxiously. regret 后悔做过某事 遗憾/抱歉要做某事 I regret not following your advice; I regret to tell you that you failed the test. mean 意味着做某事 打算/意欲做某事 Missing the early bus means waiting for another hour; I mean to finish the task today. stop 停止正在做的事 停下来去做另一件事 Stop talking loudly; let’s stop to listen to the teacher carefully. 4. 特殊动词:allow/permit/forbid + doing / + sb + to do 例句:Our school doesn’t allow smoking in public; we don’t allow students to smoke in the campus. 四、动词-ing形式的否定形式 否定词not必须置于动词-ing形式之前,无论何种结构(doing/having done/being done)。 例句: 1. Not knowing how to deal with the problem, he turned to his parents for help. 1. He regretted not having taken part in the voluntary activity last weekend. $

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Unit 5 First Aid(单元核心知识)(背诵默写任务单)英语人教版选择性必修第二册
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