课时作业4 推理判断题(2)-【创新教程】2026年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案课时作业

[第一板块] 核心素养之阅读篇引 课时作业4 推理判断题(2) (限时：30分钟) A(记叙文) 2.Which of the following best describes Halli? (2025·湖北十一校高三联考二)Late one A.Generous and patient. night in July 2020,Halli was walking around B.Positive and energetic. Reykjavik's main shopping street with his C.Smart and hardworking. family.They had just moved back to Iceland D.Inspiring and pioneering. from the United States and were struggling 3.What dose Halli expect people to do about with jet lag(时差).When his three-year-old equal access? son wanted a drink from a corner store,Halli A.Go ahead to start from small. faced a problem:a 20-centimetre step blocked B.Build ramps in every city. his wheelchair from entering the store. C.Appeal to government for funds. This was not new to Halli,who has used D.Raise awareness through media. a wheelchair since age 25 due to a muscle dis- B(说明文) ease.As he waited outside,he thought about (2025·湖北十一校高三联考二)People how often he had been excluded from places frequently employ AI to craft emails,plan like restaurants and stores because they were travel,get financial advice,summarize texts, not accessible. and prepare for job interviews.According to a Halli,a successful digital designer,had 2024 Pew Research survey,roughly half of lived in many cities worldwide and noticed Americans said they use Al at least several how differently they approached accessibility. times a week,while a recent survey found After selling his company,Ueno,to Twitter that virtually all Americans use products that (now X),he decided to use his resources to contain AI (even though two-thirds don't re- make Iceland more wheelchair-friendly. alize it). In2o2l,he launched Ramp(斜坡)Up Companies offering AI assistants sell Reykjavik,a non-profit project aiming to them as productivity boosters.They argue build 100 permanent ramps in the city's down- that assigning them routine mental tasks frees town within a year.Unlike temporary ramps up users'time and cognitive(认知的)re in other cities,these were designed to fit per- sources,which they can then spend on other, fectly with the buildings,making them look more creative,and innovative pursuits.The like they had always been there. idea makes natural sense and has backing in With government funding and sponsors, the scientific literature.According to cognitive the project went beyond its goal and expanded load theory,the human cognitive system has nationwide.By 2026,the team plans to build limited capacity.So reducing cognitive load 1,500 ramps across Iceland,costing about 400 can enhance learning and performance. million Icelandic krona. Habitually offloading cognitive tasks to Iceland's president praised the project, AI could backfire,however.As AI has grown saying,"We want our society to be inclusive. more commonplace in everyday life,psycholo- Halli has shown us how easy it is to make a gists theorize that it reduces users'engage- difference when we work together." ment in deep,reflective thinking,causing In just three years,Halli has become a their critical thinking skills to decline over local hero,known as a“kind tech giant”.He time. hopes his work inspires others.Recently,a Professor Dr.Michael Gerlich,Head of woman built a ramp at her home so her wheel- the Center for Strategic Corporate Foresight chair-using friend could visit easily."Equal ac- and Sustainability at the Swiss Business cess is not a reality yet,”he says,“but School,is one of the researchers studying this change starts with one person." risk."If individuals use the cognitive re- 1.What inspired Halli to start the 'Ramp Up sources freed up by AI for innovative tasks, Reykjavik'project? the promise holds."he told Big Think. A.The lack of wheelchair access. "However,my research and related stud- B.His son's difficulty in finding a drink. ies suggest that many users channel these re- C.A suggestion from Iceland's president. sources into passive consumption,driven by D.His desire to become famous in Iceland. Al-enhanced content selection.This trend 179 英语 matches findings on digital dependence,where ley.The snack attracts tiny organisms,cau- the convenience of AI encourages a feedback sing unwanted growth.Soon,small animals cycle that prioritizes entertainment over criti- like crickets and spiders came to eat,sprea- cal engagement.” ding the pollution.Rangers found the bag In other words,when AI frees up users' within hours.“But that can be all it takes,” cognitive resources,they typically don't use says Ashley."I'm sure some crickets got a bit their extra time and brain power to problem- of the snack.” solve or create.Rather,they tune out by Over 500 million people visit American watching Netflix or browsing social media- public lands each year,creating many chances content served up by AI algorithms(算法). to harm wild places."When you look at the Gerlich found a very strong negative correla- numbers,it's incredible,"says Watts,head tion between subjects'use of AI tools and of the Leave No Trace Center in Colorado,an their critical thinking skills.The higher their organization aimed at minimizing human im- usage,the lower their skills.Younger partici- pact on nature. pants tended to be more dependent on AI tools Food waste takes a long time to break compared to older participants.Education was down,especially in certain areas."It takes associated with greater critical thinking skills much longer for an apple core to rot in a des- and reduced AI's negative effect. ert than in a forest,"says Blye,a teacher at 4.What is the main argument of companies of- the University of Utah.Leaving waste intro- fering AI assistants? duces animals to an unnatural diet and changes A.They improve efficiency and output. their behavior with sometimes disastrous re- B.They help users reduce screen time. sults.Bears who taste garbage and become a C.They expand users'cognitive abilities. threat to humans may have to be put down. D.They enhance creativity and innovation. "Bears can get used to unnatural food in three 5.Which can replace the underlined word weeks,”says Watts.“Everyone loses in this “backfire'”in Paragraph3? case.” A.Result in a positive effect. Biological waste is also problematic.Dog B.Cause negative consequences. waste brings new bacteria into the ecosystem C.Achieve an intended outcome. and scares away deer.Meanwhile,human waste D.Prove the existing theory wrong. and toilet paper introduces dangerous bacteria into 6.What does Dr.Gerlich's research suggest water sources. about the use of AI? In national parks,trails(小路)are de- A.Freed-up resources fuel innovation. signed to avoid sensitive areas.Stepping off B.AI is mainly for educational purposes. the trail,even for a quick photo,can scare C.Older users are more likely to rely on AI. wildlife away.Impacts from many visitors re- D.Freed-up resources go to mindless activ- sult in long-term damage to nature and wild- ities. life. 7.Which can describe the relationship between But people don't think of that when they AI usage and critical thinking? see the perfect photo opportunity."It's just A.Irrelevant. B.Complicated. such a hard thing to resist,"says Blye.The C.Disadvantageous. D.Positive. risk to sensitive ecosystems isn't obvious. C(说明文) "It's easy to think,oh,there's wildflowers (2025·浙江温州市高三第二次适应性考 over there.I shouldn't step on that,"says )A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave Blye,but these tiny ecosystems full of micro- ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, scopic organisms essential to desert life pro- New Mexico.This cave is almost cut off from vide many benefits,including reducing the the outside world,so introducing anything risk of erosion(侵蚀)and helping absorb rain foreign can be harmful."Things in the damp fall,and can take hundreds of years to return cave get wet quickly,says park guide Ash- to its original state. ·180· [第一板块]核心素养之阅读篇引 8.What does Ashley mean by "But that can be In past innovations,technologies functioned all it takes.”? as extensions of human abilities.The airplanes en- A.The rangers'work is efficient. larged our physical reach,the Internet expanded B.The damage has been done. our access to information,and computers increased C.The cleanup takes a long time. our ability to compute.These tools were clearly D.The pollution has spread widely. under human control,operating within the bound- 9.What is a result of foreign waste in public aries we set. lands? However,Al is fundamentally different. A.A shift in animal behavior. It operates in the range of cognition,not B.A shortage of food supplies. merely conducting tasks,but also learning, C.A decline in bacterial species. reasoning,and even generating creative con- D.An increase in regional conflicts. tent.From writing news articles to diagnosing 10.Why does the writer mention wildflowers in diseases,AI systems are performing tasks Paragraph 5? once thought to require uniquely human judg- A.To praise their benefits to desert life. ment.What happens when machines can think B.To highlight our damage to ecosystems. better than we can?And,more importantly, C.To stress their significance for photog- what does it mean to be human in an age when raphy. our intellectual strength is no longer guaran- D.To show our unawareness of nature's teed? sensitivity. Historically,we've accepted obsolescence 11.It is conveyed in this passage that we should (过时)as part of the cycle of innovation and, in most situations,embraced it.Outdated tools should be abandoned,and new ones take A.encourage wildlife protection B.leave no trace in the wild their place..But when the“tool”at risk of ob solescence is human cognition itself,we enter C.promote national park tourism unknown area.AI's capacity to potentially D.restore ecological damage outdo our intellectual talents puts humanity in D(议论文) (2025·湖北圆创高三三月联考)Since a weak position,one where we must confront our own limitations. the dawn of human history,innovation has 12.What can we infer from the first para- been a balancing act of wonder and fear.From graph? the discovery of fire to the first flights of air- A.One good turn deserves another. planes,each technological breakthrough has prom- B.Take things as they come. ised to enhance human abilities while simultaneous- C.Don't put the cart before the horse. ly(同时)causing risks.Fire could warm us or de- D.Every coin has two sides. stroy us;airplanes could connect us or be turned 13.What does the author mean by saying "But to- into tools of war.Yet through all these advance- day,something is different"in Paragraph 2? ments,one constant has remained:human cognition A.Human cognition starts to be outdated. (认知)，the unique spark of thought and creativity B.Wonder and fear have lost balance. that has shaped our progress. C.Human cognition has reached a ceiling. But today,something is different.For the D.Creativity has shaped our progress. first time in history,human cognition itself is 14.How is the main idea presented in the text? at risk of being out-of-date.With the rise of A.By telling stories. artificial intelligence (Al),we are no longer B.By analyzing causes. just building tools to enhance our abilities;we C.By giving examples. are building systems that may be superior to D.By applying inferences. our very capacity to think,create,and inno- 15.What is the author's attitude towards the vate.This shift doesn't just completely change rise of artificial intelligence? industries,but it also challenges the core of A.Concerned. B.Skeptical. what makes us human. C.Positive. D.Unclear. ·181·英语 action against malaria-a disease that has been claiming C,[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类活动， hundreds of thousands of lives every year for centuries. 特别是游客在自然保护区的不当行为，对自然环境造成的负面影响。 知，启发Bista采取行动抗击疟疾的是一次学习经历。] 8.B [词义猜测题。根据文章划线句子上文“A dropped bag l3.C[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Stanford SupplyHer,a of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns Na student group supporting women's health through art, tional Park,New Mexico.This cave is almost cut off from and research initiatives while tabling at White Plaza last the outside world,so introducing anything foreign can be Monday,”可知，Bista所在的组织与“联合抗击疟疾”组织合 harmful.”以及“Soon,small animals like crickets and spiders 作举办活动，鼓励为疟疾的预防、治疗和研究项目提供资金 came to eat,spreading the pollution ”可知，一袋薯片掉落在 支持。由此可知，Bista为支持疟疾预防所做的是为筹款进 洞穴里，虽然护林员在几小时内就发现了薯片，但是在此之 行宣传活动。 前薯片已经吸引了微小生物，导致了不必要的生物生长，蟋 l4.D[推理判断题。根据文章第四段“‘It's easy for people to 蟀和蜘蛛等小动物也跑来觅食并扩散了污染。所以Ashley feel like they are powerless with issues as big as malaria. 说“But that can be all it takes..”意思是损害已经造成了。 But any person can give input to their decision makers on is- 9.A [细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Leaving waste intro sues as big as these,'wrote Macgan Cross,a senior advo duces animals to an unnatural diet and changes their behavior cate at UBM.'By sending messages to your elected officials with sometimes disastrous results.Bears who taste garbage in support of global health funding,you are making sure and become a threat to humans may have to be put down. your voice is heard.,”可知，Maegan Cross认为面对像疟疾 Bears can get used to unnatural food in three weeks, says 这样重大的问题，人们很容易觉得自己无能为力，但实际上 Watts.Everyone loses in this case.,”可知，在公共土地上留 任何人都可以就这类重大问题向决策者表达自己的意见， 下的外来垃圾会让动物接触到非自然的食物，进而改变它们 通过向当选官员发送支持全球卫生事业资金投入的信息， 的行为，有时还会带来灾难性的后果，比如尝到垃圾味道的 就能确保自己的声音被听到。 所以Maegan Cross想要传 熊会对人类构成威胁。 达的信息是个人努力在政府决策中很重要。] 10.D「推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“·It's iust such a 15.A[推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，Bista在修完全球健 hard thing to resist,'says Blye. including reducing the 康入门课程后，积极采取行动抗击疟疾 她所在的组织 risk of erosion (and helping absorb rainfall,and can “联合抗击疟疾”组织合作举办活动，鼓励为疟疾的预防 治 take hundreds of years to return to its original state ”可和 疗和研究项目提供资金支持：她会见国会议员，为疟疾的治 Blye说人们看到拍照机会很难抗拒，对敏感生态系统的风险 疗和研究进行呼吁：还写信给国会议员，支持对全球疟疾防 并不明显 人们很容易想到那边有野花不应该踩到，但这些 治项目持续提供资金，并鼓励学生们参与校园里提高人们 对沙漠生命至关重要的微小生态系统有很多益处，而且需要 对疟疾和其他全球健康问题认识的活动。这些行为都表明 数百年才能恢复到原来的状态。所以作者在第五段提到野 她是健康问题尤其是抗击疟疾方面的倡导者。] 花是为了表明我们对大自然敏感性的无意识。 课时作业4 11.B 「推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇以一袋薯片 A.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文 文章主要讲述了Hali 扰乱洞穴生态系统为例，接着讲述了食物垃圾、生物垃圾等人类 因肌肉疾病使用轮椅，在回到冰岛后面临诸多不便，于是他决 在公共土地上留下的废弃物对生态系统的危害，如改变动物行 定利用自己的资源发起“Ramp up reykiayik”非营利项目，旨 为、引入有害细菌等，还提到游客踏出小径拍照等行为对自然和 在为雷克雅未克市中心建造永久斜坡，以方便轮椅通行。他的 野生动物造成长期损害，强调了人类活动对自然环境的不良影 行动证明了共同努力可以使社会更加包容」 响。所以文章传达的是我们应该在野外不留下痕远。 1.A 「细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“As he waited out D.[语篇解读] 这是一篇议论文。 文章主要论述了历史上技 side,he thought about how often he had been excluded from 术突破利弊共存，如今AI使人类认知面临过时风险，引发对人 places like restaurants and stores because they were not ac- 类地位和未来的担忧 cessible..”以及第三段中的“After selling his company,Ueno, 12.D 「推理判断题。根据第一段“From the discovery of fire to Twitter(now X),he decided to use his resources to make to the first flights of airplanes,each technological break Iceland more wheelchair-friendly..”可知，是缺乏轮椅通道激 through has promised to enhance human abilities while sim 发了Halli启动“Ramp Up Reykjavik”项目 ultaneously()causing risks.Fire could warm us or de 2.D[推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Halli,a successful stroy us;airplanes could connect us or be turned into tools digital designer,had lived in many cities worldwide and noticed how ofwr.”可知，技术突破既有积极的一面，也有消极的一面， differently they approached accessibility.After selling his company, 这体现了事物都有两面性。 Ueno,to Twitter (now x),he decided to use his resources to 13.A 「推理判断题。根据第二段“For the first time in histo make Iceland more wheelchair-friendly..”以及最后一段中“He ry,human cognition itself is at risk of being out-of-date." hopes his work inspires others.Recently,a woman built a ramp at 可知，作者说“But today,something is different,”指的是人 her home so her wheelchair-using friend could visit easily.”可知 类认知开始面临过时的情况。] Halli决定利用自己的资源让冰岛更加适合轮椅出行，旨在让冰 14.C [推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过列举“From the 岛变得更加包容，同时他的工作激励了其他人，比如那位为轮椅 discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes(从火的发现 朋友在家中建造坡道的女性。由此表明，H山i是一个有启发性 到飞机的首次飞行)”“The airplanes enlarged our physical 且富有开创精神的人 reach,the Internet expanded our access to information,and 3.A[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“·Equal access is computers increased our ability to compute.”等例子，来阐述 not a reality yet,'he says, 'but change starts with one per 不同技术的特，点以及人工智能与以往技术的不同，从而呈 son. ”可知，Hali期望人们从小事做起实现平等无障碍。」 现文章的主旨。 B.「语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智 l5.A厂观点态度题。根据倒数第二段“What happens when 能(AI)在日常生活中的广泛应用及其对用户认知能力，特别是 machines can think better than we can?And,more impor 批判性思雏技能的影响 tantly,what does it mean to be human in an age when our 4.A[细节理解题。根据第二段“Companies offering Al assis intellectual strength is no longer guaranteed?”以及最后一段 tants sell them as productivity boosters.”可知，提供AI助手 "Al's capacity to potentially outdo our intellectual talents 的公司认为AI助手可以提高效率和产出。 puts humanity in a weak position,one where we must con 5.B[词义猜测题。根据下文“As AI has grown more com front our own limitations. 可知，作者对人工智能的崛起表 monplace in everyday life,psychologists theorize that it re 示担忧。] duces users'engagement in deep,reflective thinking,causing 课时作业5 their critical thinking skills to decline over time..”可知，将认 A.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了伟大的 知任务交给AI会导致负面后果，即批判性思维技能下降，所 博物学家和艺术家玛丽亚·梅里安(Maria Merian)进行了一次 以“backfire”的意思是“导致负面后果” 充满冒险的跨大西洋之旅以研究蝴蝶，三个多世纪后，她的 6.D[推理判断题。根据最后一段“In other words,when Al 本手绘彩色杰作的稀有副本正回归阿姆斯特丹。《苏里南昆虫 frees up users'cognitive resources,they typically don't use 变态图谱》是自然历史领域最具吸引力的书籍之一。文章同时 their extra time and brain power to problem solve or create. 讲述了梅里安的生平以及她做出的贡献。 Rather,they tune out by watching Netflix or browsing social 1.D [细节理解题。根据第二段中“etamor phosis of the Su media- -content served up by AI algorithms(算法).”可知，释放出 riname is one of the most fascinating(有吸引力的)books in 来的資源被用在了无意义的活动上。 natural history.It included some 60 richly coloured plates il- 7.C [推理判断题。根据最后一段“Gerlich found a very lustrating the different stages of development that she had strong negative correlation between subjects'use of Al tools observed in Suriname's insects,”可知，《苏里南昆虫变态图 and their critical thinking skills.”可知，AI使用与批判性思 谱》是基于梅里安自己的观察(It was based on Merian'sown 维之间的关系是不利的，即使用AI工具越多，批判性思维技 observations.),书中有大约60幅色彩丰富的插图，描绘了她 能越低。7 在苏里南规察到的昆虫的不同发育阶段。] ·262 ●