专题09 动词的过去时态（培优专练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

**基本信息** 以“方法提炼-逻辑递进-情境应用”为主线，系统构建动词过去时态解题体系，融合真题感知、分层训练与核心素养培育。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |真题·命题感知|3道高考真题|一般过去时“三步法”（时间标签/逻辑语境/动词性质）、过去完成时“核心+标志+陷阱”、过去进行时“画面感+时间感”策略|从基础时态（一般过去时）到复杂时态（过去完成/进行时），构建“识别-判断-应用”逻辑链| |进阶·强化演练|5考点20题|时态对比（一般过去时vs现在完成时）、语境推断（如“未实现”用法）、陷阱规避（状态动词不用于进行时）|聚焦易混点，通过“中国古建筑”等新情境强化知识迁移| |拔高·模拟预测|语法填空2篇+完形1篇+阅读3篇|综合运用时态解题技巧，结合AI、环保等话题提升语用能力|从单一考点到语篇综合，培养语言理解与思维推断能力|

专题09 动词的过去时态 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·强化演练 4 拔高·模拟预测 9 真题·命题感知 1.(2026·全国I卷·高考真题)As transportation and communication (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily (necessities). were 解题方法 第一步：找“时间标签”(黄金法则) 这是最直接、最优先的策略。一般过去时最核心的特征就是和“过去”的时间绑定。看到以下标志词，直接锁定过去时： 具体过去时间：yesterday(昨天), last night / week / year(昨晚/上周/去年), in 1990(在1990年), just now(刚才), at that time(在那时)。 固定句型：It / This was the first time...(这是第一次……), I didn’t know...(我之前不知道……，强调现在知道了)。 第二步：看“逻辑语境”(深层策略) 如果没有明显的时间词，那就得靠上下文来推断。这是高考语法填空的常见考点。 叙事/讲故事：日记、传记、童话故事里描述“过去发生的事情”，全篇基调是过去时。 对比关系：和现在形成对比。比如：I was short, but now I am tall.(我以前矮，但现在高。)——描述过去的状态用was。 客气的询问：I wondered if you could help me.(我想知道你是否能帮我。)——用过去时比wonder更委婉，不是真的指“过去”想问。 第三步：判断“动词性质”(关键动作) 确定了用过去时，接下来就是把动词变成正确的过去式。这步要分两类： 1. 实义动词(行为动词)：变过去式。 规则变化：加-ed(注意：stop→stopped要双写，carry→carried变y为i)。 不规则变化：必须硬记(go→went，have→had，eat→ate等)。这是丢分重灾区，没有捷径，要反复默写。 2. be动词/情态动词： am / is→was；are→were。can→could；will→would；may→might。 2.(2026·全国高考北京卷真题)When the cashier rang everything up, my dad reached for his wallet and froze. He ____________ (forget) to take it. 解题方法 如果说一般过去时是“拍照”，定格过去某个点；那么过去完成时就是“倒带”，让你回到“过去的过去”。掌握这套“一个核心+两个标志+三大陷阱”的策略，这类题就能轻松拿下。 一个核心：牢记“过去的过去”(黄金法则) 过去完成时的核心结构是had +过去分词(done)。它的唯一使命是：表明有一个动作A，发生在过去的另一个动作B之前。 两个标志词：看见它们，首选完成时 有些词天生就是为“先后顺序”服务的，看见它们要立刻警觉： 1. By +过去时间点(意为“到……为止”) 2. Before / After / When / Until 引导的时间状语从句：这些词连接了两个动作，只要动作有明显先后，先发生的就用过去完成时。 三大陷阱：拉开分数差距的关键 陷阱一：有“先后”不一定都用完成时(衔接词after / before要小心) 如果句子用了after(在……之后)或before(在……之前)，这两个词本身已经表明了先后顺序，这时从句和主句可以都用一般过去时，而不必强行用过去完成时。 陷阱二：intend / hope / think / mean等词的“未实现”用法：当这些表示“打算、希望、认为”的词用过去完成时时，表示“原本……(但没实现)”。 陷阱三：与现在完成时的混淆(看“立足点”) 现在完成时(have done)强调“对现在有影响”，立足点是现在； 过去完成时(had done)强调“对过去的某个时间点有影响”，立足点是过去的某个时刻。 3. Henry 　 　 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 解题方法 过去进行时(Past Continuous Tense)的解题，核心不在于“记结构”，而在于 “画面感” 和 “时间感”。核心结构(基础底盘)：was / were + 现在分词(doing) 策略一：看“时间标签”(直接线索) 看到有些时间状语，优先考虑过去进行时：at this / that time(在这个时候/那个时候), at +具体过去时刻(如at 8 o’clock last night), all day yesterday / the whole morning(昨天一整天/整个早上), from... to...在过去某段时间内(如from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon) 策略二：找“打断逻辑”(高频考点) 这是高考语法填空的绝对热门考点。当句子中出现when或while时，解题逻辑如下： when前有进行时(长动作)，后接一般过去时(短动作)，意为“正在做A，突然B发生了”。while前有进行时(长动作)，后接进行时(长动作)，表示在A进行的整个期间，B也在进行。 策略三：用“语境脑补”(无时间词时) 如果没有明显时间词，就要靠上下文推断。这常用于叙事类文章(如日记、故事)。 背景描写：故事开头通常用进行时来铺设背景，交代当时的环境或状态。 对比原则：如果文中已经有一个一般过去时的动作(如came in、shouted)，那么同时发生的、作为背景的动作就用进行时。 必须警惕的“三大陷阱” 陷阱一：状态动词不能用进行时 表示心理状态、拥有、感官的动词(如know, believe, want, like, have(拥有), belong)通常没有进行时。 陷阱二：习惯性动作 vs 正在进行 如果句子强调“过去经常做某事”，用一般过去时(used to do或would do)；如果强调“过去某一刻正在做”，才用进行时。 陷阱三：与一般过去时的“侧重点”不同 同一个动作，用不同时态，意思天差地别： 进阶·强化演练 考点01 一般过去时基本用法和现在完成时的区别 1.【新情境·中国古建筑——榫卯结构】（2026·江苏·二模）Besides, mechanical principles (adopt) by Chinese people then in mortise-and-tenon architecture, with their practices adjusted based on local conditions. 2.（2027·江苏南京·一模）At many stages in Chinese history, Confucian ideas (reflect) in the values of rulers and the social order of the time. 3.（2026·江苏常州·模拟预测）A diner once (write) online, “The beef shank is always perfectly cooked. I don’t usually write reviews, (but / yet) I had to do so for Junzi.” 4.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）Over the years, Wang (has composed) more than 6,000 poems, and his work __________ (translate) into several languages and published in five countries. 5.（2026·江苏扬州·模拟预测）In recent years, Chinese decorative boxes (gain) popularity in the global gift and packaging market, whose unique combination of traditional skills, modern design, and cost-effectiveness has made them the go-to choice for retailers (零售商) and importers. 考点02 过去进行时的基本用法和表过去将来 1.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）When Derek Poskin, born in America, first arrived in the historic canal city of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, in 2016, he (trace) a poem by Li Bai, an outstanding poet of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), and developing a growing appreciation for Chinese tea culture. 2.（25-26高三上·福建厦门·阶段检测）“When I had a cold, my mom (make) a cupping (拔火罐), a technique involving placing cups on the skin to create suction (吸力),” shared Halpyarovich, now in her thirties. 3.（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）They (aim) to position the event as one of the most important cultural and technological events of Beijing’s winter season, and at that time, 400, 000 visitors were expected to flood into the 24/7 public art gallery. 4.（2026·广东广州·三模）The unusual design solves a longstanding engineering challenge: the gravity on the Moon is incredibly weak, so a drill’s force (push) a robot away rather than let it dig in. 5.（2026·湖南衡阳·一模）The school’s baseball team   (practice) nearby at that time. 考点03 过去完成时和现在完成时的区别 1.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）The achievement was the first time that a Chinese brand (reach) the top of the podium (领奖台) in the series. 2.（2026·湖北十堰·三模）On December 18, 2025, a significant news conference was held in Beijing, during which the city announced that official work permits (issue) to robot chefs, allowing them to prepare meals in public areas. 3.（25-26高三下·湖南株洲·阶段检测）Remarkably, the number of national-level intangible cultural heritage inheritors (grow) to nearly 4,000 by March 2025, reflecting the (effectiveness) of these preservation efforts. 4.（2026·湖南长沙·一模）Driven by rising global energy demand, its strategic value (grow) greatly, making it the world’s most critical oil shipping lane. 5.（2026·福建福州·模拟预测）In recent years, more young professionals (join) the museum’s restoration teams, including Jin Dazhao, 34, from the metal artifacts group. 考点04 used to与be used to的混淆 1.（25-26高三下·福建厦门·阶段检测）One example is the Palace Museum. Home to over a million artworks, it used (display) only a small part of its treasures. 2.（26-27高三上·山东日照·开学考试）“We’re used (avoid) insect damage in our gardens, so it takes a bit of retraining our minds to help us see the value of letting those insects eat the plants,” Mark says. 3.（26-27高三上·湖南株洲·开学考试）If humans are hard-wired to respond to peer pressure, then it makes sense to examine how it can be used (change) behavior in a positive way. 考点05条件状语从句中虚拟语气中的用法 1.（26-27高三上·湖南株洲·开学考试）The fines will be described officially as “deposits” when the traffic law takes effect, because the money (return) if the driver went to court and was found not guilty. 2.（25-26高三下·福建厦门·阶段检测）As I was putting away the groceries, I spotted the milk cartons at the very bottom of the bag. Without his words, I (grab) the bag unthinkingly and watched it spill (洒) all over the floor. 3.（2026·湖北十堰·三模）Why so hard? I finally gathered my courage. “Dan,” I stammered out, “If I had the choice, I (choose) you.” 4.(25-26高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试)If there (be) no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 5.(25-26高三下·北京·阶段练习) Peter (have) the chance to present his talents in the competition now if he had signed up last term. 拔高·模拟预测 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·全服务机器人商店】（26-27高三上·湖南常德·开学考试） A high-tech district in Beijing has opened 1 all-service robot store to push a national drive to develop humanoid (类人的) robots. The goal is to help robotics companies commercialize an effort that has 2 (complete) concentrated on research until now. 3 (situate) in the capital’s high-tech E-Town district, the Robot Mall has a total area of about 4,000 square meters across four floors. Unlike traditional robot dealers, this 4S store offers full-process services, 4 (cover) display, after-sales services, spare parts, and user feedback. The facility features practical applications including robots designed for cooking, coffee-making, sports activities and so on. From taking boxes off a shelf 5 serving drinks from behind a bar, robots at the government-run facility demonstrate how far humanoid robot development 6 (come) over the past few decades. Besides these performing tasks, the robots on display include ones that play soccer or Chinese chess, as well as historical 7 (figure) such as Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, and Li Bai, 8 shows the wide variety of robotics applications. China’s humanoid robots are driven by advances in generative artificial intelligence. The opening of this robot store is part of China’s broader strategy to lead in AI and robotics technology. According to a guideline 9 (release) by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China will establish a 10 (rely) industrial and supply chain system of humanoid robots by 2027. Passage 2 （26-27高三上·山东烟台·开学考试） China’s Huawei Technologies said at an annual customer event on Thursday that it would roll out the world’s most powerful AI computing architectures in late 2026 and late 2027. The new architectures, 1 are called “superpods”, can combine the power of thousands of chips. “This is 2 significant breakthrough. It signals that Huawei can rely 3 less powerful China-made chips to keep pace with the global leaders such as Open AI and Google without access to the world’s most powerful chips, 4 (notable) those from America’s market-leading Nvidia,” said Charlie Dai, an analyst at the research firm Forrester Research. In the fast 5 (develop) field of artificial intelligence, the 6 (compete) between America and China is very hot. The American government has been restricting what can 7 (sell) to China, including 8 (it) most advanced chips. To meet the long-term demand for computing power, one of the 9 (strategy) is to use many more chips and develop new architectures 10 (make) them work well together. 二、完形填空 （26-27高三上·湖南株洲·开学考试） Our old, artificial Christmas tree was in rough shape by the time we withdrew it. At least a decade had passed since my wife and I 1 the tree from the Christmas retail market in Brooklyn, a medium-sized fir with built-in lights, and moved it on the subway to our previous 2 . Over the years, we dragged that tree from apartment to apartment, 3 it onto a moving truck to Los Angeles and later crammed the 4 box which was centuries-old, this time to Chicago and our 5 home. By the end, layers of tape held the box together, the wear and tear of a decade of 6 holiday cheer. Our little tree looked running 7 , but it was the only tree our family ever knew. It stood 8 and glowing in the background of photos of me and my 9 pregnant wife during our last Christmas in Brooklyn without children. She was eagerly expecting the baby’s coming. Our 10 was born a month later during a January snowstorm. The tree 11 again in the next year’s photos, this time surrounded by holiday gifts for a boy about to 12 one. Then it appeared in photos of our son and his 1-month-old brother. And in more recent photos, our tree lighted up 13 overlooking glistening Chicago snow. This year, after much debate, we decided to 14 our dear old tree, with its 15 branches and the lights that had burned out years ago. Rather than feel terribly blue, we used the moment to launch a new family tradition: our first real Christmas tree. 1. A. brought B. sought C. bought D. held 2. A. apartment B. yard C. garage D. balcony 3. A. changed B. jammed C. pinned D. passed 4. A. painted B. polished C. weathered D. transformed 5. A. current B. instant C. shabby D. spacious 6. A. signalling B. delivering C. adapting D. receiving 7. A. away B. out C. off D. down 8. A. still B. quiet C. proud D. free 9. A. happily B. newly C. motherly D. dearly 10. A. nicer B. braver C. faster D. older 11. A. took up B. pulled up C. showed up D. put up 12. A. count B. turn C. secure D. grow 13. A. stairs B. bars C. doors D. windows 14. A. revise B. reject C. refresh D. retire 15. A. stuck B. stretched C. bent D. lit 三、阅读理解 Passage A （25-26高三下·湖南衡阳·期中） Here are some of the world’s most unusual libraries. A Tree Library When you have a dead 110-year-old cottonwood tree outside your house, what better idea than to turn it into a library? This is just what the librarian and artist Sharalee Armitage Howard did. The tree trunk is a library complete with a roof, door, shelves inside, and a selection of books. This library in Idaho is a part of the group Little Free Libraries, where people can exchange books. Gute Bücher für Alle Gute Bücher für Alle is a German charity launched in 1970. It currently operates two large ships, which have docked (停靠) at 480 harbors in 150 countries, and welcomed some 49 million people onboard. The volunteers staffing the ships hold events to promote literacy, education, cross-cultural cooperation, and distribute books to those who have little access otherwise. Maybe not a library as such, as the books are not expected to be handed back, but a great idea, nevertheless. The Red Phone Boxes Libraries When cell phones took over from landlines and public call boxes, England’s iconic(标志性的) red phone boxes became empty and unused. In the southwestern county of Somerset, England, the first exchange library inside the phone box was founded, giving these typical England phone boxes a new life and keeping them from going to rot. A Bookless Library Probably the saddest inclusion in this list is the Bexar Bibliotech Library in Texas. There is reading material for sure, but it is all digital, and walking into this library has been likened to walking into an Apple store with lots of screens. While you won’t find colorful book covers or feel the thrill of pulling a book off the shelf, it seems this is the library of the future. 1. Where can readers exchange books? A. A Tree Library and Gute Bücher für Alle. B. A Bookless Library and Gute Bücher für Alle. C. A Tree Library and The Red Phone Boxes Libraries. D. Gute Bücher für Alle and The Red Phone Boxes Libraries. 2. How is Gute Bücher für Alle different from the other three libraries? A. It is mobile. B. It is profitable. C. It is intended for sailors. D. It has the most readers. 3. Which word can describe A Bookless Library? A. Automatic. B. Colorful. C. Modern. D. Commercialized. Passage B （26-27高三上·山东烟台·开学考试） As the prices of electricity are rising rapidly in the US, residents wonder whether the air-conditioning (AC) should be turned off when they head to work during the day. Some say that turning off the AC when they’re gone for a few hours is the most energy-efficient, cost-saving method. Others swear it’s better to leave it running continuously. But experts say there are a lot of factors to consider when deciding which AC habit saves the most energy and money. “If you’re gone for 15 minutes, you don’t get any gain by turning off your AC,” said Elizabeth Hewitt, an urban planning expert. “But as a general rule, if you’re going for your workday, you’ll always save energy by turning it off.” In some climates, however, turning off the AC might not be a good choice. In wet climates like Florida, air inside the home can become even wetter when the AC is turned off. “Wet air is not only harder to cool, but may also cause damage to the furniture and electronics in the house,” Hewitt warned. “How much energy you can save also depends on the kind of home you live in,” Hewitt added. “If you live in homes built with heavy materials like bricks that hold in cool air longer, it makes sense to turn off the AC even if you’re stepping out for just a few hours.” Hewitt suggested that smart thermostats are a handy tool to remove the mental burden of adjusting the AC multiple times a day. They can raise the temperature when no one is home to conserve energy and lower it when people return. Gregor Henze, a professor at the University of Colorado Boulder, agreed, “According to the US Department of Energy, adjusting our thermostat by 4-6℃ for eight hours a day can save up to 10% a year on heating and cooling. Air conditioning for residential buildings in the US accounts for about 4-7% of the nation’s total energy consumption. That’s a lot.” 4. What can be inferred from the first paragraph? A. Air-conditioning costs rise rapidly in the US. B. Americans are concerned about AC pollution. C. People agree on how to use the AC efficiently. D. Experts have simple solutions to save energy. 5. Why is it a bad idea to turn off the AC frequently in summer in Florida? A. It is extremely hot in the state. B. The houses are built with bricks. C. The wet air will cause damage. D. It won’t affect energy consumption. 6. What might Elizabeth Hewitt suggest people do when they’re away for work? A. Set the temperature a few degrees lower. B. Turn off the AC if they leave for 15 minutes. C. Replace the building materials with better ones. D. Let the AC run at a relatively higher temperature. 7. What might be Gregor Henze’s attitude to smart thermostats? A. Skeptical. B. Approving. C. Critical. D. Unclear. Passage C （26-27高三上·湖北武汉·阶段检测） Artificial intelligence (AI) researchers have long dreamed of tools to supercharge science-asking novel questions, designing and running experiments. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have made discoveries that some AI developers claim have inched us closer to that future. But how do you test whether an AI model can truly do science? For answers, researchers turn to benchmarks (基准): standardized sets of questions or tasks that help measure an AI’s efficiency and reliability and compare it against other models. But the complexity of science makes assessing their aptitude especially challenging. As Hao Peng, a computer scientist at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, puts it: “Models have all this knowledge. Do they know how to use it?” Dozens of new science-focused benchmarks have emerged over the past year to answer that question, but scientists have yet to settle on a single best approach. One of the most popular, published in Nature, is Humanity’s Last Exam (HLE). It uses 2500 questions drawn from “the frontier of human knowledge” to put LLMs through their paces. One, for example, asks how many types of sensory receptors the human skin contains. “We wanted a diverse dataset that only experts who have been working on a field for a long time can answer,” says Long Phan, a research engineer with the HLE’s developer. Since the HLE first appeared as a preprint in January 2025, the benchmark has become an important proving ground for LLMs and HLE scores are now a common talking point for AI companies seeking to highlight the capabilities of their products. At the HLE’s launch, the leading developer OpenAI’s AI model won the best score at a mere 8.3%. Earlier this month, Google claimed that its latest reasoning model for science, called Gemini 3 Deep Think, had achieved a new record HLE score of 48.4%. But some scientists argue that many of the HLE’s questions test for little-known or even useless knowledge, rather than an ability to do meaningful research. A Nature editorial accompanying the HLE’s publication also raised this issue: “We think that more scientists should be asking: What would it take to develop an AI benchmark that truly measures expert-level thinking?” 8. What does the underlined word “aptitude” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Knowledge. B. Performance. C. Intelligence. D. Progress. 9. What does Long Phan stress about HLE? A. Its topic diversity. B. Experts’ involvement in it. C. The expertise of its dataset. D. Its data-backed popularity. 10. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. HLE’s role as a key AI test. B. Companies’ use of HLE. C. HLE scores of leading AI models. D. The process of HLE’s launch. 11. By sharing its view, the Nature editorial aimed to ________. A. back the current testing B. express concern over HLE C. propose a workable solution D. predict future AI benchmarks 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 动词的过去时态 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·强化演练 4 拔高·模拟预测 9 真题·命题感知 1.(2026·全国I卷·高考真题)As transportation and communication (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily (necessities). were 【答案】were 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：当时交通和通信尚不发达，各家各户很难获得日常所需的物资。 分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词。结合后文谓语动词was可知，此处应用一般过去时。主语transportation and communication为两个并列名词，表示复数概念，谓语也应用复数形式。故填were。 解题方法 第一步：找“时间标签”(黄金法则) 这是最直接、最优先的策略。一般过去时最核心的特征就是和“过去”的时间绑定。看到以下标志词，直接锁定过去时： 具体过去时间：yesterday(昨天), last night / week / year(昨晚/上周/去年), in 1990(在1990年), just now(刚才), at that time(在那时)。 固定句型：It / This was the first time...(这是第一次……), I didn’t know...(我之前不知道……，强调现在知道了)。 第二步：看“逻辑语境”(深层策略) 如果没有明显的时间词，那就得靠上下文来推断。这是高考语法填空的常见考点。 叙事/讲故事：日记、传记、童话故事里描述“过去发生的事情”，全篇基调是过去时。 对比关系：和现在形成对比。比如：I was short, but now I am tall.(我以前矮，但现在高。)——描述过去的状态用was。 客气的询问：I wondered if you could help me.(我想知道你是否能帮我。)——用过去时比wonder更委婉，不是真的指“过去”想问。 第三步：判断“动词性质”(关键动作) 确定了用过去时，接下来就是把动词变成正确的过去式。这步要分两类： 1. 实义动词(行为动词)：变过去式。 规则变化：加-ed(注意：stop→stopped要双写，carry→carried变y为i)。 不规则变化：必须硬记(go→went，have→had，eat→ate等)。这是丢分重灾区，没有捷径，要反复默写。 2. be动词/情态动词： am / is→was；are→were。can→could；will→would；may→might。 2.(2026·全国高考北京卷真题)When the cashier rang everything up, my dad reached for his wallet and froze. He ____________ (forget) to take it. 【答案】had forgotten 【解析】考查时态。句意：当收银员把(所有商品)录入收银机结算时，我爸爸伸手去拿钱包，然后僵住了。他忘了带钱包。forget在句中作谓语动词，结合上文“my dad reached for his wallet and froze”可知，“忘记带钱包”发生在掏钱包之前，表过去的过去，用过去完成时，填had forgotten。 解题方法 如果说一般过去时是“拍照”，定格过去某个点；那么过去完成时就是“倒带”，让你回到“过去的过去”。掌握这套“一个核心+两个标志+三大陷阱”的策略，这类题就能轻松拿下。 一个核心：牢记“过去的过去”(黄金法则) 过去完成时的核心结构是had +过去分词(done)。它的唯一使命是：表明有一个动作A，发生在过去的另一个动作B之前。 两个标志词：看见它们，首选完成时 有些词天生就是为“先后顺序”服务的，看见它们要立刻警觉： 1. By +过去时间点(意为“到……为止”) 2. Before / After / When / Until 引导的时间状语从句：这些词连接了两个动作，只要动作有明显先后，先发生的就用过去完成时。 三大陷阱：拉开分数差距的关键 陷阱一：有“先后”不一定都用完成时(衔接词after / before要小心) 如果句子用了after(在……之后)或before(在……之前)，这两个词本身已经表明了先后顺序，这时从句和主句可以都用一般过去时，而不必强行用过去完成时。 陷阱二：intend / hope / think / mean等词的“未实现”用法：当这些表示“打算、希望、认为”的词用过去完成时时，表示“原本……(但没实现)”。 陷阱三：与现在完成时的混淆(看“立足点”) 现在完成时(have done)强调“对现在有影响”，立足点是现在； 过去完成时(had done)强调“对过去的某个时间点有影响”，立足点是过去的某个时刻。 3. Henry 　 　 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 【答案】was fixing　 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：亨利正在修理他的汽车，这时他听到了尖叫声。他抬头一看，看见埃里克悬挂在阳台上。这是一个“sb. be doing sth. when...”句型，表示“某人正在做某事，这时(突然……)”。讲述过去的动作用过去进行时，主语Henry是第三人称单数，所以系动词用was。故用was fixing。 解题方法 过去进行时(Past Continuous Tense)的解题，核心不在于“记结构”，而在于 “画面感” 和 “时间感”。核心结构(基础底盘)：was / were + 现在分词(doing) 策略一：看“时间标签”(直接线索) 看到有些时间状语，优先考虑过去进行时：at this / that time(在这个时候/那个时候), at +具体过去时刻(如at 8 o’clock last night), all day yesterday / the whole morning(昨天一整天/整个早上), from... to...在过去某段时间内(如from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon) 策略二：找“打断逻辑”(高频考点) 这是高考语法填空的绝对热门考点。当句子中出现when或while时，解题逻辑如下： when前有进行时(长动作)，后接一般过去时(短动作)，意为“正在做A，突然B发生了”。while前有进行时(长动作)，后接进行时(长动作)，表示在A进行的整个期间，B也在进行。 策略三：用“语境脑补”(无时间词时) 如果没有明显时间词，就要靠上下文推断。这常用于叙事类文章(如日记、故事)。 背景描写：故事开头通常用进行时来铺设背景，交代当时的环境或状态。 对比原则：如果文中已经有一个一般过去时的动作(如came in、shouted)，那么同时发生的、作为背景的动作就用进行时。 必须警惕的“三大陷阱” 陷阱一：状态动词不能用进行时 表示心理状态、拥有、感官的动词(如know, believe, want, like, have(拥有), belong)通常没有进行时。 陷阱二：习惯性动作 vs 正在进行 如果句子强调“过去经常做某事”，用一般过去时(used to do或would do)；如果强调“过去某一刻正在做”，才用进行时。 陷阱三：与一般过去时的“侧重点”不同 同一个动作，用不同时态，意思天差地别： 进阶·强化演练 考点01 一般过去时基本用法和现在完成时的区别 1.【新情境·中国古建筑——榫卯结构】（2026·江苏·二模）Besides, mechanical principles (adopt) by Chinese people then in mortise-and-tenon architecture, with their practices adjusted based on local conditions. 【答案】were adopted 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：此外，当时中国人在榫卯建筑中采用了力学原理，并根据当地条件调整了他们的做法。根据时间状语then可知，讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语principles是复数，与adopt之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。 2.（2027·江苏南京·一模）At many stages in Chinese history, Confucian ideas (reflect) in the values of rulers and the social order of the time. 【答案】were reflected 【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：在中国历史的多个阶段，儒家思想都体现在统治者的价值观和当时的社会秩序之中。主语Confucian ideas与reflect之间是被动关系，讲述过去的历史，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词用were。 3.（2026·江苏常州·模拟预测）A diner once (write) online, “The beef shank is always perfectly cooked. I don’t usually write reviews, (but / yet) I had to do so for Junzi.” 【答案】wrote 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：一位食客曾在网上写道：“牛腱总是煮得很完美。” 空处作谓语，根据时间状语“once”可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时wrote。 4.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）Over the years, Wang (has composed) more than 6,000 poems, and his work __________ (translate) into several languages and published in five countries. 【答案】has been translated 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：多年来，王计兵创作了6000多首诗，他的作品已被翻译成多种语言，并在五个国家出版。根据时间状语Over the years可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have / has +过去分词”，且其前有现在完成时态。主语his work是第三人称单数，所以用has been translated。 5.（2026·江苏扬州·模拟预测）In recent years, Chinese decorative boxes (gain) popularity in the global gift and packaging market, whose unique combination of traditional skills, modern design, and cost-effectiveness has made them the go-to choice for retailers (零售商) and importers. 【答案】have gained 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：近年来，中国装饰盒在全球礼品和包装市场上大受欢迎，其传统工艺、现代设计和成本效益的独特结合使其成为零售商和进口商的首选。根据句意和句中时间状语In recent years，此空应用完成时态。句子主语是Chinese decorative boxes，一个复数形式。故填have gained。 考点02 过去进行时的基本用法和表过去将来 1.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）When Derek Poskin, born in America, first arrived in the historic canal city of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, in 2016, he (trace) a poem by Li Bai, an outstanding poet of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), and developing a growing appreciation for Chinese tea culture. 【答案】was tracing 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：2016年，出生于美国的德里克·波斯金首次来到江苏省历史文化名城扬州，他当时正在追寻唐代(618-907)一位杰出诗人李白的一首诗，并对中国茶文化产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。主句时间点是 “when ... first arrived in 2016”（当他2016年第一次到达时），说明他当时正在“追寻”李白的诗迹，表示在那个过去的时间点正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故填was tracing。 2.（25-26高三上·福建厦门·阶段检测）“When I had a cold, my mom (make) a cupping (拔火罐), a technique involving placing cups on the skin to create suction (吸力),” shared Halpyarovich, now in her thirties. 【答案】would make 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：“当我感冒时，我妈妈会做拔罐，一种将杯子放在皮肤上产生吸力的技术，”现年30多岁的Halpyarovich分享道。句首是 “When I had a cold”（每当我感冒时），这是一个表示过去经常发生的情况的时间状语从句，不是指某一次具体的感冒。would +动词原形 在这里表示过去的习惯性动作或反复发生的行为，相当于汉语的“总是会”“常常会”。故填would make。 3.（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）They (aim) to position the event as one of the most important cultural and technological events of Beijing’s winter season, and at that time, 400, 000 visitors were expected to flood into the 24/7 public art gallery. 【答案】were aiming 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他们的目标是将此次活动定位为北京冬季最重要的文化和科技活动之一，当时预计将有40万游客涌入24小时开放的公共艺术画廊。句中有明确的过去时间参照：“at that time”（在那时）和后半句的 “were expected”（过去被预计），说明整个事件发生在过去的某个特定时间段内。这里强调的是一个在过去那个时间点或时间段里，他们正在致力于、正在以……为目标。故填were aiming。 4.（2026·广东广州·三模）The unusual design solves a longstanding engineering challenge: the gravity on the Moon is incredibly weak, so a drill’s force (push) a robot away rather than let it dig in. 【答案】would push 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这种不同寻常的设计解决了一个长期存在的工程挑战：月球上的重力极其微弱，所以钻头的力量会把机器人推开，而不是让它钻进。would + 动词原形 在这里表示在特定条件下的必然结果，相当于汉语的“就会”“便会”。这里不是描述已经发生的动作，而是在说明一种必然的因果逻辑——在月球上，钻头施加力时，自然会把机器人推开。故填would push。 5.（2026·湖南衡阳·一模）The school’s baseball team   (practice) nearby at that time. 【答案】was / were practicing 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当时学校棒球队正在附近训练。根据时间状语at that time可知，使用过去进行时，主语为team，谓语动词可以是单数也可以是复数，谓语用was / were practicing。 考点03 过去完成时和现在完成时的区别 1.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）The achievement was the first time that a Chinese brand (reach) the top of the podium (领奖台) in the series. 【答案】had reached 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这一成就是中国品牌首次在该系列赛事中登上最高领奖台。It / This / That was the first time that... 后面从句通常用 过去完成时（如果主句是过去时）。The achievement was the first time... 用的是一般过去时（was），表示过去某个时间点发生的事。故填had reached。 2.（2026·湖北十堰·三模）On December 18, 2025, a significant news conference was held in Beijing, during which the city announced that official work permits (issue) to robot chefs, allowing them to prepare meals in public areas. 【答案】had been issued 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：2025年12月18日，一场重要的新闻发布会在北京举行，会上该市宣布已向机器人厨师颁发了官方工作许可证，允许它们在公共区域准备餐食。主句动词 announced 是一般过去时，从句动作“颁发许可证”（issue）发生在 “宣布”（announced）之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。另外，许可证是“被颁发”的，所以要用被动语态。故填had been issued。 3.（25-26高三下·湖南株洲·阶段检测）Remarkably, the number of national-level intangible cultural heritage inheritors (grow) to nearly 4,000 by March 2025, reflecting the (effectiveness) of these preservation efforts. 【答案】had grown 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：截至2025年3月，国家级非遗传承人数量已增至近四千人，充分体现出各类保护工作取得的实效。by+过去时间是过去完成时标志，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had grown。 4.（2026·湖南长沙·一模）Driven by rising global energy demand, its strategic value (grow) greatly, making it the world’s most critical oil shipping lane. 【答案】has grown 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在日益增长的全球能源需求的推动下，其战略价值大大增加，使其成为世界上最重要的石油运输通道。句中虽然没有明确的过去时间点，但句中Driven by...（过去分词短语作状语），主句用现在完成时强调“至今已经增长”，“从过去到现在”的增长结果和持续影响（“已成为最重要的通道”），这种情况适用现在完成时。故填has grown。 5.（2026·福建福州·模拟预测）In recent years, more young professionals (join) the museum’s restoration teams, including Jin Dazhao, 34, from the metal artifacts group. 【答案】have joined 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，更多年轻的专业人士加入了博物馆的修复团队，包括34岁来自金属文物组的金大钊。句首 In recent years（近年来），这是现在完成时标志词，表示从过去某时一直持续到现在，或强调对现在的影响/结果。另外主语是复数more young professionals（越来越多的年轻专业人士），谓语也应该用复数形式。故填 have joined。 考点04 used to与be used to的混淆 1.（25-26高三下·福建厦门·阶段检测）One example is the Palace Museum. Home to over a million artworks, it used (display) only a small part of its treasures. 【答案】to display 【解析】考查used to的用法。句意：一个例子是故宫，它拥有超百万件艺术品，过去只展出其中一小部分珍品。used to do ... 是一个习惯用法，意为“过去常常”，经常用不定式。故填to display。 2.（26-27高三上·山东日照·开学考试）“We’re used (avoid) insect damage in our gardens, so it takes a bit of retraining our minds to help us see the value of letting those insects eat the plants,” Mark says. 【答案】avoiding 【解析】考查used to的用法。句意：“我们已经习惯了在花园里避免虫害，所以我们需要稍微调整一下思维，才能让自己看到让那些昆虫吃掉植物的价值，”马克说。be used to +名词/动名词 表示“习惯于做某事”，这里的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，所以后面要接动名词形式。故填avoiding。 3.（26-27高三上·湖南株洲·开学考试）If humans are hard-wired to respond to peer pressure, then it makes sense to examine how it can be used (change) behavior in a positive way. 【答案】to change 【解析】考查used to的用法。句意：如果人类天生就会对同辈压力做出反应，那么研究如何将其用于以积极的方式改变行为就是有道理的。根据句子结构分析，这里used 是过去分词，构成被动语态 can be used（可以被用来）。句意“同辈压力可以被用来改变行为”，表示用途，所以用不定式符合逻辑。故填 to change。 考点05条件状语从句中虚拟语气中的用法 1.（26-27高三上·湖南株洲·开学考试）The fines will be described officially as “deposits” when the traffic law takes effect, because the money (return) if the driver went to court and was found not guilty. 【答案】would be returned 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：当这项交通法规生效时，这些罚款在官方表述上会被称作“保证金”，因为如果司机去法庭并且被判定无罪的话，这笔钱会被退还。此空后面是 if从句用了过去时（went, was found），表示这是一个对现在或将来不太可能发生的假设，或者是一种规定中的虚拟条件。这时，主句要用过去将来时的相应形式，即 would +动词原形。又因为“钱”是被退还的，所以要用被动语态。故填would be returned。 2.（25-26高三下·福建厦门·阶段检测）As I was putting away the groceries, I spotted the milk cartons at the very bottom of the bag. Without his words, I (grab) the bag unthinkingly and watched it spill (洒) all over the floor. 【答案】would have grabbed 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我在整理杂货时，发现牛奶盒就放在袋子最底下。要是没有他的提醒，我会不假思索地抓住袋子，眼睁睁看着牛奶洒一地。Without his words（要是没有他的话），这是一个隐含的虚拟条件，相当于If he hadn’t said those words, ...（如果他没说那些话，……），所以这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故填would have grabbed。 3.（2026·湖北十堰·三模）Why so hard? I finally gathered my courage. “Dan,” I stammered out, “If I had the choice, I (choose) you.” 【答案】would have chosen 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：为什么开口会这么难？我终于鼓起勇气。“丹，”我结结巴巴地说，“如果我有选择权的话，我（当时）会选你的。”根据句子结构和句意，if条件从句中说的是现在的情况，而主句说的是当时或过去的情况，所以此空应该是错综复杂条件句。故填would have chosen。 4.(25-26高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试)If there (be) no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 【答案】were 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有现代的通信，我们将会等上几周的时间才能得到来自世界的新闻。对现在情况的虚拟，条件句中用一般过去时，be动词用were。主句用would/ should/ might/ could +动词原形。根据句意，故填were。 5.(25-26高三下·北京·阶段练习) Peter (have) the chance to present his talents in the competition now if he had signed up last term. 【解析】would have 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果彼得上学期报名参加比赛，现在就有机会在比赛中展示他的才能了。分析可知，本句为虚拟语气，结合从句时间状语“last term”和主句的“now”可知本句是错综时间条件句，主句表示与现在事实相反的假设，谓语动词用情态动词would+do。故填would have。 拔高·模拟预测 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·全服务机器人商店】（26-27高三上·湖南常德·开学考试） A high-tech district in Beijing has opened 1 all-service robot store to push a national drive to develop humanoid (类人的) robots. The goal is to help robotics companies commercialize an effort that has 2 (complete) concentrated on research until now. 3 (situate) in the capital’s high-tech E-Town district, the Robot Mall has a total area of about 4,000 square meters across four floors. Unlike traditional robot dealers, this 4S store offers full-process services, 4 (cover) display, after-sales services, spare parts, and user feedback. The facility features practical applications including robots designed for cooking, coffee-making, sports activities and so on. From taking boxes off a shelf 5 serving drinks from behind a bar, robots at the government-run facility demonstrate how far humanoid robot development 6 (come) over the past few decades. Besides these performing tasks, the robots on display include ones that play soccer or Chinese chess, as well as historical 7 (figure) such as Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, and Li Bai, 8 shows the wide variety of robotics applications. China’s humanoid robots are driven by advances in generative artificial intelligence. The opening of this robot store is part of China’s broader strategy to lead in AI and robotics technology. According to a guideline 9 (release) by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China will establish a 10 (rely) industrial and supply chain system of humanoid robots by 2027. 【答案】1. an 2. completely 3. Situated 4. covering 5. to 6. has come 7. figures 8. which 9. released 10. reliable 【导语】文章主要介绍了北京一处高科技园区开设全服务机器人商店，介绍该机器人商场的功能、各类机器人应用以及我国人形机器人的发展规划。 【详解】1. 考查冠词。句意：北京一个高科技园区开设了一家全服务机器人商店，以此推动国家发展人形机器人的行动。此处泛指“一家”商店，且all‑service以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。 2. 考查副词。句意：其目标是帮助机器人公司将一项迄今为止完全集中于研究的工作商业化。此处修饰动词concentrated，需用副词作状语，complete的副词形式为completely，意为“完全地”。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该机器人商场坐落于首都高科技亦庄园区，四层楼总面积约4000平方米。此句已有谓语动词has，空处需用非谓语形式；situate与逻辑主语the Robot Mall之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：不同于传统机器人经销商，这家4S店提供全流程服务，涵盖展示、售后服务、零部件以及用户反馈。此句已有谓语动词offers，空处需用非谓语形式；cover与逻辑主语this 4S store是主动关系，应用现在分词covering作伴随状语。 5. 考查介词。句意：从把箱子从架子上取下，到在吧台后递送饮品，这家政府运营场馆里的机器人展示了过去几十年人形机器人研发取得的巨大进展。from...to...是固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。 6. 考查谓语动词。句意：从把箱子从架子上取下，到在吧台后递送饮品，这家政府运营场馆里的机器人展示了过去几十年人形机器人研发取得的巨大进展。根据时间状语over the past few decades可知，应用现在完成时，主语humanoid robot development为单数，助动词用has，come的过去分词为come。 7. 考查名词。句意：除了这些执行任务的机器人，展出的机器人还包括踢足球、下中国象棋的机器人，以及爱因斯坦、牛顿、李白等历史人物，这体现出机器人技术应用的多样性。figure表示“人物”，为可数名词，后面列举多个人物，应用复数形式figures。 8. 考查定语从句。句意：除了这些执行任务的机器人，展出的机器人还包括踢足球、下中国象棋的机器人，以及爱因斯坦、牛顿、李白等历史人物，这体现出机器人技术应用的多样性。此处是非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：根据工信部发布的一份指导意见，中国将在2027年前建立一套可靠的人形机器人产业供应链体系。此句已有谓语动词will establish，空处需用非谓语形式；guideline与release是被动关系，应用过去分词released作后置定语。 10. 考查形容词。句意：根据工信部发布的一份指导意见，中国将在2027年前建立一套可靠的人形机器人产业供应链体系。此处修饰名词system，应用形容词作定语，rely的形容词形式为reliable，意为“可靠的”。 Passage 2 （26-27高三上·山东烟台·开学考试） China’s Huawei Technologies said at an annual customer event on Thursday that it would roll out the world’s most powerful AI computing architectures in late 2026 and late 2027. The new architectures, 1 are called “superpods”, can combine the power of thousands of chips. “This is 2 significant breakthrough. It signals that Huawei can rely 3 less powerful China-made chips to keep pace with the global leaders such as Open AI and Google without access to the world’s most powerful chips, 4 (notable) those from America’s market-leading Nvidia,” said Charlie Dai, an analyst at the research firm Forrester Research. In the fast 5 (develop) field of artificial intelligence, the 6 (compete) between America and China is very hot. The American government has been restricting what can 7 (sell) to China, including 8 (it) most advanced chips. To meet the long-term demand for computing power, one of the 9 (strategy) is to use many more chips and develop new architectures 10 (make) them work well together. 【答案】1. which 2. a 3. on/upon 4. notably 5. developing 6. competition 7. be sold 8. its 9. strategies 10. to make 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了华为计划在2026年底和2027年底推出全球最强大的人工智能计算架构“超级节点”，以及在中美人工智能领域竞争激烈、美国限制对华高端芯片出口的背景下，华为通过依托国产芯片和开发新架构应对算力需求的相关情况。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：这些被称为“超级节点”的新架构可以整合数千个芯片的算力。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“the new architectures”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which来引导。故填which。 2. 考查冠词。句意：“这是一项重大突破。这表明，华为可以依靠性能较弱的国产芯片，在无法获得全球最强大芯片，尤其是美国市场领先的英伟达芯片的情况下，与OpenAI和谷歌等全球领先企业保持同步，”Forrester研究公司的分析师Charlie Dai说道。根据空前的“This is”和空后的可数名词“breakthrough”为单数形式及语境可知，此处表示泛指“一项重大突破”，且“significant”以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a来修饰。故填a。 3. 考查介词。句意同上。“rely on/upon”为固定短语，意为“依靠；依赖”，符合语境。故填on/upon。 4. 考查副词。句意同上。修饰后面的插入语“those from America’s market-leading Nvidia”，应用notable的副词形式notably作评注性状语，意为“尤其；特别”。故填notably。 5. 考查形容词。句意：在快速发展的人工智能领域，中美之间的竞争非常激烈。修饰名词“field”，应用develop的形容词形式developing作定语，意为“发展的”。故填developing。 6. 考查名词。句意同上。根据空格前的定冠词“the”可知，此处应用compete的名词形式competition作主语，且为不可数名词。故填competition。 7. 考查动词的语态。句意：美国政府一直在限制对华可售产品，包括其最先进的芯片。分析句子结构可知，“what can ____7____ (sell) to China”为宾语从句，what与“sell”之间为被动关系，即被出售，应用被动语态；情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be sold。 8. 考查代词。句意同上。修饰名词“most advanced chips”，应用it的形容词性物主代词its作定语，意为“它的”，指代美国的。故填its。 9. 考查名词复数。句意：为了满足对算力的长期需求，其中一项策略是使用更多芯片，并开发新架构以使其高效协同工作。根据空格前的“one of the”可知，此处应用strategy的复数形式strategies，“one of + 复数名词”表示“……之一”。故填strategies。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据语意可知，此处“开发新架构”的目的是“让芯片高效协同工作”，应用动词make的不定式形式作目的状语。故填to make。 二、完形填空 （26-27高三上·湖南株洲·开学考试） Our old, artificial Christmas tree was in rough shape by the time we withdrew it. At least a decade had passed since my wife and I 1 the tree from the Christmas retail market in Brooklyn, a medium-sized fir with built-in lights, and moved it on the subway to our previous 2 . Over the years, we dragged that tree from apartment to apartment, 3 it onto a moving truck to Los Angeles and later crammed the 4 box which was centuries-old, this time to Chicago and our 5 home. By the end, layers of tape held the box together, the wear and tear of a decade of 6 holiday cheer. Our little tree looked running 7 , but it was the only tree our family ever knew. It stood 8 and glowing in the background of photos of me and my 9 pregnant wife during our last Christmas in Brooklyn without children. She was eagerly expecting the baby’s coming. Our 10 was born a month later during a January snowstorm. The tree 11 again in the next year’s photos, this time surrounded by holiday gifts for a boy about to 12 one. Then it appeared in photos of our son and his 1-month-old brother. And in more recent photos, our tree lighted up 13 overlooking glistening Chicago snow. This year, after much debate, we decided to 14 our dear old tree, with its 15 branches and the lights that had burned out years ago. Rather than feel terribly blue, we used the moment to launch a new family tradition: our first real Christmas tree. 1. A. brought B. sought C. bought D. held 2. A. apartment B. yard C. garage D. balcony 3. A. changed B. jammed C. pinned D. passed 4. A. painted B. polished C. weathered D. transformed 5. A. current B. instant C. shabby D. spacious 6. A. signalling B. delivering C. adapting D. receiving 7. A. away B. out C. off D. down 8. A. still B. quiet C. proud D. free 9. A. happily B. newly C. motherly D. dearly 10. A. nicer B. braver C. faster D. older 11. A. took up B. pulled up C. showed up D. put up 12. A. count B. turn C. secure D. grow 13. A. stairs B. bars C. doors D. windows 14. A. revise B. reject C. refresh D. retire 15. A. stuck B. stretched C. bent D. lit 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家多年来使用同一棵人造圣诞树的经历，以及最终决定更换新树的故事。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子从布鲁克林的圣诞零售市场买了这棵中等大小的冷杉树，带着内置的灯，然后用地铁把它搬到了我们以前的公寓，至今已经有至少十年的时间了。A. brought带来；B. sought寻找；C. bought买；D. held拿着。根据下文“the tree from the Christmas retail market in Brooklyn”可知，去市场买圣诞树，故选C。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子从布鲁克林的圣诞零售市场买了这棵中等大小的冷杉树，带着内置的灯，然后用地铁把它搬到了我们以前的公寓，至今已经有至少十年的时间了。A. apartment公寓；B. yard院子；C. garage车库；D. balcony阳台。根据上文“the tree from the Christmas retail market in Brooklyn, a medium-sized fir with built-in lights, and moved it on the subway to our previous”和下文“Over the years, we dragged that tree from apartment to apartment”可知，搬家通常是从一个公寓或房子到另一个，此处指十年前买完树后搬到了十年前的公寓。因此选A。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我们把那棵树从一个公寓拖到另一个公寓，把它塞进一辆搬家卡车，运到洛杉矶，后来又塞进那个有几百年历史的风化箱子，这次是运到芝加哥，也就是我们现在的家。A. changed改变；B. jammed塞进；C. pinned固定；D. passed通过。根据下文“it onto a moving truck”和常识可知，把东西放入狭小空间通常使用“塞进”，故选B。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我们把那棵树从一个公寓拖到另一个公寓，把它塞进一辆搬家卡车，运到洛杉矶，后来又塞进那个有几百年历史的风化箱子，这次是运到芝加哥，也就是我们现在的家。A. painted涂漆的；B. polished打磨过的；C. weathered风化的；D. transformed改变过的。根据下文的“which was centuries-old”可知，箱子用了很长时间，描述老旧状态应用“风化的”，故选C。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我们把那棵树从一个公寓拖到另一个公寓，把它塞进一辆搬家卡车，运到洛杉矶，后来又塞进那个有几百年历史的风化箱子，这次是运到芝加哥，也就是我们现在的家。A. current现在的；B. instant瞬间的；C. shabby破旧的；D. spacious宽敞的。根据上文“Over the years, we dragged that tree from apartment to apartment”和“this time to Chicago and our”可知，描述的是现在的居住地，故选A。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，一层又一层的胶带把盒子粘在一起，这是十年来传递的节日欢呼的磨损。A. signalling发出信号；B. delivering传递；C. adapting适应；D. receiving收到。根据上文“By the end, layers of tape held the box together, the wear and tear of a decade of”和下文“holiday cheer”可知，此处指这棵树传递的十年的节日欢乐，故选B。 7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们的小树看起来快要倒了，但它是我们家唯一熟悉的树。A. away远处；B. out外面；C. off远离；D. down向下。根据上文“Over the years, we dragged that tree from apartment to apartment, jammed it onto a moving truck to Los Angeles and later crammed the weathered box which was centuries-old”可知，圣诞树被用了很多年，而且屡经搬迁，磨损很多，run down表示“逐渐损耗”，符合此处描述圣诞树目前的状况。故选D。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我们没有孩子在布鲁克林度过的最后一个圣诞节里，这张照片的背景中，它骄傲而闪亮地矗立着，照片上是我和我那幸福怀孕的妻子。A. still静止的；B. quiet安静的；C. proud骄傲的；D. free自由的。根据上文“It stood”和下文“and glowing in the background”可知，此处描述圣诞树神采奕奕的样子，骄傲而闪亮。故选C。 9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在我们没有孩子在布鲁克林度过的最后一个圣诞节里，这张照片的背景中，它骄傲而闪亮地矗立着，照片上是我和我那幸福怀孕的妻子。A. happily幸福地；B. newly新近地；C. motherly母亲般地；D. dearly深深爱着。根据下文“pregnant wife during our last Christmas in Brooklyn without children”可知，怀孕的妻子很幸福，故选A。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们年长的孩子出生于一个一月的暴风雪中。A. nicer更好的；B. braver更勇敢的；C. faster更快的；D. older年长的。根据上文“pregnant wife during our last Christmas in Brooklyn without children”和下文“was born a month later during a January snowstorm”可知，那时夫妻二人还没有孩子诞生，妻子已怀孕，所以此处描写的是年长的孩子，即第一个孩子。故选D。 11. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这棵树在第二年的照片中又出现了，这次是给一个即将满一岁的男孩的节日礼物。A. took up占据；B. pulled up提起；C. showed up出现；D. put up举起。根据上文“It stood 8 and glowing in the background of photos of me and my 9 pregnant wife during our last Christmas”和下文“again in the next year’s photos”可知，上文描述圣诞树出现在照片中，本空描述圣诞树再次出现，故选C。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这棵树在第二年的照片中又出现了，这次是给一个即将满一岁的男孩的节日礼物。A. count数；B. turn变成；C. secure保护；D. grow生长。根据上文“a boy about to”可知，此处描述即将达到（岁数时）用turn“变成”，故选B。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最近的照片中，我们的圣诞树照亮了窗户，俯瞰着芝加哥闪闪发光的雪。A. stairs楼梯；B. bars酒吧；C. doors门；D. windows窗户。根据下文的“overlooking glistening Chicago snow”和常识可知，通常是透过窗户观看景象，圣诞树照亮了窗户。故选D。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，经过一番争论，我们决定让我们亲爱的老树退休，它的树枝弯曲，多年前就熄灭了灯光。A. revise修订；B. reject拒绝；C. refresh刷新；D. retire退休。根据下文“our dear old tree, with its 15 branches and the lights that had burned out years ago.”可知，圣诞树状况不好，用retire表达不再使用，让亲爱的老树退休。故选D。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今年，经过一番争论，我们决定让我们亲爱的老树退休，它的树枝弯曲，多年前就熄灭了灯光。A. stuck卡住的；B. stretched拉伸的；C. bent弯曲的，驼背的；D. lit被点亮的。根据上文“This year, after much debate, we decided to 14 our dear old tree”和下文“branches and the lights that had burned out years ago”的描述，圣诞树状况不好，树枝形态是“弯曲的”，故选C。 三、阅读理解 Passage A （25-26高三下·湖南衡阳·期中） Here are some of the world’s most unusual libraries. A Tree Library When you have a dead 110-year-old cottonwood tree outside your house, what better idea than to turn it into a library? This is just what the librarian and artist Sharalee Armitage Howard did. The tree trunk is a library complete with a roof, door, shelves inside, and a selection of books. This library in Idaho is a part of the group Little Free Libraries, where people can exchange books. Gute Bücher für Alle Gute Bücher für Alle is a German charity launched in 1970. It currently operates two large ships, which have docked (停靠) at 480 harbors in 150 countries, and welcomed some 49 million people onboard. The volunteers staffing the ships hold events to promote literacy, education, cross-cultural cooperation, and distribute books to those who have little access otherwise. Maybe not a library as such, as the books are not expected to be handed back, but a great idea, nevertheless. The Red Phone Boxes Libraries When cell phones took over from landlines and public call boxes, England’s iconic(标志性的) red phone boxes became empty and unused. In the southwestern county of Somerset, England, the first exchange library inside the phone box was founded, giving these typical England phone boxes a new life and keeping them from going to rot. A Bookless Library Probably the saddest inclusion in this list is the Bexar Bibliotech Library in Texas. There is reading material for sure, but it is all digital, and walking into this library has been likened to walking into an Apple store with lots of screens. While you won’t find colorful book covers or feel the thrill of pulling a book off the shelf, it seems this is the library of the future. 1. Where can readers exchange books? A. A Tree Library and Gute Bücher für Alle. B. A Bookless Library and Gute Bücher für Alle. C. A Tree Library and The Red Phone Boxes Libraries. D. Gute Bücher für Alle and The Red Phone Boxes Libraries. 2. How is Gute Bücher für Alle different from the other three libraries? A. It is mobile. B. It is profitable. C. It is intended for sailors. D. It has the most readers. 3. Which word can describe A Bookless Library? A. Automatic. B. Colorful. C. Modern. D. Commercialized. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍世界上四座与众不同的图书馆。 1. 细节理解题。根据A Tree Library部分中的“This library in Idaho is a part of the group Little Free Libraries, where people can exchange books. (这座位于爱达荷州的图书馆是“小小免费图书馆”组织的一部分，人们可以在这里交换书籍。)”以及The Red Phone Boxes Libraries部分中的“In the southwestern county of Somerset, England, the first exchange library inside the phone box was founded, giving these typical England phone boxes a new life and keeping them from going to rot. (在英格兰西南部的萨默塞特郡，首个设立在电话亭内的共享图书馆落成了，这让这些极具英格兰特色的电话亭焕发新生，免于腐朽废弃。)”可知，这两个图书馆可以交换书籍。故选C项。 2. 推理判断题。根据Gute Bücher für Alle部分中的“It currently operates two large ships, which have docked at 480 harbors in 150 countries, and welcomed some 49 million people onboard. (该组织目前运营着两艘大型船舶，这两艘船已停靠过150个国家的480个港口，并接待了约4900万名登船访客。)”可知，Gute Bücher für Alle 是依靠船只开展相关活动的，具备移动性，这是它与其他三座固定位置的图书馆的不同之处。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据A Bookless Library部分中的“There is reading material for sure, but it is all digital, and walking into this library has been likened to walking into an Apple store with lots of screens. (这里当然有读物，但全都是电子版的，走进这座图书馆，就好比走进了一家满是显示屏的苹果零售店。)”以及“While you won’t find colorful book covers or feel the thrill of pulling a book off the shelf, it seems this is the library of the future. (虽说在这里看不到色彩斑斓的书封，也体会不到从书架上抽出一本书的那种兴奋感，但这里俨然就是未来的图书馆。)”可知，这座无书图书馆充满数字化特征，十分现代化。故选C项。 Passage B （26-27高三上·山东烟台·开学考试） As the prices of electricity are rising rapidly in the US, residents wonder whether the air-conditioning (AC) should be turned off when they head to work during the day. Some say that turning off the AC when they’re gone for a few hours is the most energy-efficient, cost-saving method. Others swear it’s better to leave it running continuously. But experts say there are a lot of factors to consider when deciding which AC habit saves the most energy and money. “If you’re gone for 15 minutes, you don’t get any gain by turning off your AC,” said Elizabeth Hewitt, an urban planning expert. “But as a general rule, if you’re going for your workday, you’ll always save energy by turning it off.” In some climates, however, turning off the AC might not be a good choice. In wet climates like Florida, air inside the home can become even wetter when the AC is turned off. “Wet air is not only harder to cool, but may also cause damage to the furniture and electronics in the house,” Hewitt warned. “How much energy you can save also depends on the kind of home you live in,” Hewitt added. “If you live in homes built with heavy materials like bricks that hold in cool air longer, it makes sense to turn off the AC even if you’re stepping out for just a few hours.” Hewitt suggested that smart thermostats are a handy tool to remove the mental burden of adjusting the AC multiple times a day. They can raise the temperature when no one is home to conserve energy and lower it when people return. Gregor Henze, a professor at the University of Colorado Boulder, agreed, “According to the US Department of Energy, adjusting our thermostat by 4-6℃ for eight hours a day can save up to 10% a year on heating and cooling. Air conditioning for residential buildings in the US accounts for about 4-7% of the nation’s total energy consumption. That’s a lot.” 4. What can be inferred from the first paragraph? A. Air-conditioning costs rise rapidly in the US. B. Americans are concerned about AC pollution. C. People agree on how to use the AC efficiently. D. Experts have simple solutions to save energy. 5. Why is it a bad idea to turn off the AC frequently in summer in Florida? A. It is extremely hot in the state. B. The houses are built with bricks. C. The wet air will cause damage. D. It won’t affect energy consumption. 6. What might Elizabeth Hewitt suggest people do when they’re away for work? A. Set the temperature a few degrees lower. B. Turn off the AC if they leave for 15 minutes. C. Replace the building materials with better ones. D. Let the AC run at a relatively higher temperature. 7. What might be Gregor Henze’s attitude to smart thermostats? A. Skeptical. B. Approving. C. Critical. D. Unclear. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了各种空调使用习惯的优缺点。 4. 推理判断题。 根据第一段“As the prices of electricity are rising rapidly in the US, residents wonder whether the air-conditioning (AC) should be turned off when they head to work during the day.(随着美国电价迅速上涨，居民们在思考白天上班时是否应该关闭空调。)”可知，电价上涨会导致空调使用成本增加，由此可推断美国空调使用成本在上升。故选A。 5. 细节理解题。 根据第三段“In some climates, however, turning off the AC might not be a good choice. In wet climates like Florida, air inside the home can become even wetter when the AC is turned off. “Wet air is not only harder to cool, but may also cause damages to the furniture and electronics in the house,” Hewitt warned.(然而，在某些气候条件下，关闭空调可能不是一个好的选择。在佛罗里达州等潮湿的气候条件下，当空调关闭时，家里的空气会变得更加潮湿。休伊特警告说：“潮湿的空气不仅更难冷却，还可能对家里的家具和电子产品造成损坏。”。)”可知，佛罗里达夏天频繁关空调不好是因为潮湿空气会造成损害。故选C。 6. 推理判断题。 根据第五段“Hewitt suggested that smart thermostats are a handy tool to remove the mental burden of adjusting the AC multiple times a day. They can raise the temperature when no one is home to conserve energy and lower it when people return.(休伊特建议，智能恒温器是个实用工具，能减轻每天多次调节空调的精神负担。没人在家时，它可以调高温度以节能；人们回来时，再调低温度。)”可知，休伊特可能建议人们上班时让空调保持在相对较高的温度。故选D。 7. 推理判断题。根据第五段休伊特提出智能恒温器的建议以及第六段Gregor Henze所说“According to the US Department of Energy, adjusting our thermostat by 4-6℃ for eight hours a day can save up to 10% a year on heating and cooling.(根据美国能源部的数据，每天将恒温器调节4-6℃8小时，每年可节省高达10%的供暖和制冷费用。)”可知，亨兹对智能恒温器持认可态度。故选B。 Passage C （26-27高三上·湖北武汉·阶段检测） Artificial intelligence (AI) researchers have long dreamed of tools to supercharge science-asking novel questions, designing and running experiments. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have made discoveries that some AI developers claim have inched us closer to that future. But how do you test whether an AI model can truly do science? For answers, researchers turn to benchmarks (基准): standardized sets of questions or tasks that help measure an AI’s efficiency and reliability and compare it against other models. But the complexity of science makes assessing their aptitude especially challenging. As Hao Peng, a computer scientist at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, puts it: “Models have all this knowledge. Do they know how to use it?” Dozens of new science-focused benchmarks have emerged over the past year to answer that question, but scientists have yet to settle on a single best approach. One of the most popular, published in Nature, is Humanity’s Last Exam (HLE). It uses 2500 questions drawn from “the frontier of human knowledge” to put LLMs through their paces. One, for example, asks how many types of sensory receptors the human skin contains. “We wanted a diverse dataset that only experts who have been working on a field for a long time can answer,” says Long Phan, a research engineer with the HLE’s developer. Since the HLE first appeared as a preprint in January 2025, the benchmark has become an important proving ground for LLMs and HLE scores are now a common talking point for AI companies seeking to highlight the capabilities of their products. At the HLE’s launch, the leading developer OpenAI’s AI model won the best score at a mere 8.3%. Earlier this month, Google claimed that its latest reasoning model for science, called Gemini 3 Deep Think, had achieved a new record HLE score of 48.4%. But some scientists argue that many of the HLE’s questions test for little-known or even useless knowledge, rather than an ability to do meaningful research. A Nature editorial accompanying the HLE’s publication also raised this issue: “We think that more scientists should be asking: What would it take to develop an AI benchmark that truly measures expert-level thinking?” 8. What does the underlined word “aptitude” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Knowledge. B. Performance. C. Intelligence. D. Progress. 9. What does Long Phan stress about HLE? A. Its topic diversity. B. Experts’ involvement in it. C. The expertise of its dataset. D. Its data-backed popularity. 10. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. HLE’s role as a key AI test. B. Companies’ use of HLE. C. HLE scores of leading AI models. D. The process of HLE’s launch. 11. By sharing its view, the Nature editorial aimed to ________. A. back the current testing B. express concern over HLE C. propose a workable solution D. predict future AI benchmarks 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕如何检验一个人工智能模型是否真的能够进行科学研究展开，其中人类终极考试（HLE）作为核心AI测试平台备受关注，文章介绍了它的设计定位和作用；最后文章指出，一些科学家和《自然》社论对HLE提出质疑，引发了学界对“如何开发真正能测量专家级科研思维的AI基准”的思考。 8. 词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“For answers, researchers turn to benchmarks (基准): standardized sets of questions or tasks that help measure an AI’s efficiency and reliability and compare it against other models. (为寻找答案，研究人员转向了基准测试：一系列标准化的问题或任务，用于衡量人工智能的效率和可靠性，并将其与其他模型进行比较)”和后文“As Hao Peng, a computer scientist at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, puts it: “Models have all this knowledge. Do they know how to use it?”(正如伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校的计算机科学家Hao Peng所说：“模型拥有所有这些知识。但它们是否知道如何运用这些知识呢？”)”可知，前文提出核心问题：如何测试AI是否真的能开展科学研究，后文补充“模型已经拥有大量知识，问题是它们会不会运用知识”，所以此处指科学的复杂性让评估AI的性能格外困难，aptitude意为“性能”，与performance意思相近，故选B。 9. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“We wanted a diverse dataset that only experts who have been working on a field for a long time can answer,” says Long Phan, a research engineer with the HLE’s developer. (“我们希望获得一个内容多样、只有长期深耕某一领域的专家才能解答的数据集，”HLE的开发者之一Long Phan说道)可知，他强调HLE的数据集只有深耕领域的资深专家才能作答，核心是突出数据集的专业性，故选C。 10. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Since the HLE first appeared as a preprint in January 2025, the benchmark has become an important proving ground for LLMs and HLE scores are now a common talking point for AI companies seeking to highlight the capabilities of their products. At the HLE’s launch, the leading developer OpenAI’s AI model won the best score at a mere 8. 3%. Earlier this month, Google claimed that its latest reasoning model for science, called Gemini 3 Deep Think, had achieved a new record HLE score of 48. 4%.(自2025年1月HLE以预印本形式首次亮相以来，该基准测试已成为大型语言模型的重要验证平台，而HLE的得分如今已成为AI公司展示其产品能力时的常见话题。在HLE的发布仪式上，领先的开发者OpenAI的模型以仅 8.3%的得分赢得了最佳成绩。本月早些时候，谷歌宣称其最新的科学推理模型——名为“Geminis 3 深度思考”的模型，已取得了新的HLE成绩记录——48.4%)”可知，本段主要介绍HLE问世后已经成为大语言模型的重要试验场，HLE分数是AI公司展示产品能力的通用依据，后文的OpenAI、Google分数例子都是细节支撑。因此本段主要介绍HLE作为核心AI测试平台的作用，故选A。 11. 推理判断题。根据最后一段But some scientists argue that many of the HLE’s questions test for little-known or even useless knowledge, rather than an ability to do meaningful research. A Nature editorial accompanying the HLE’s publication also raised this issue: “We think that more scientists should be asking: What would it take to develop an AI benchmark that truly measures expert-level thinking?”(但一些科学家认为，HLE的许多问题所测试的更多是鲜为人知甚至毫无用处的知识，而非进行有意义研究的能力。与HLE发布相关的《自然》杂志的一篇社论也提出了这一问题：“我们认为，更多的科学家应该思考：要开发一个真正能衡量专家思维水平的AI基准，需要具备哪些条件？”)可知，科学家批评HLE多考察偏门无用知识，而非真正的研究能力，《自然》社论也认同这个问题，呼吁学界思考“如何开发真正能测量专家级思维的AI基准”，因此社论的目的是对HLE现存的问题表达担忧，故选B。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 动词的过去时态 参考答案 真题·命题感知 1. were 2. had forgotten 3. was fixing 进阶·强化演练 考点01 一般过去时基本用法和现在完成时的区别 1. were adopted 2. were reflected 3. wrote 4. has been translated 5. have gained 考点02 过去进行时的基本用法和表过去将来 1. was tracing 2. would make 3. were aiming 4. would push 5. was / were practicing 考点03 过去完成时和现在完成时的区别 1. had reached 2. had been issued 3. had grown 4. has grown 5. have joined 考点04 used to与be used to的混淆 1. to display 2. avoiding 3. have been climbing 考点05条件状语从句中虚拟语气中的用法 1. would be returned 2. would have grabbed 3. would have chose 4. were 5. would have 拔高·模拟预测 一、语法填空 Passage 1 1. an 2. completely 3. Situated 4. covering 5. to 6. has come 7. figures 8. which 9. released 10. reliable Passage 2 1. which 2. a 3. on/upon 4. notably 5. developing 6. competition 7. be sold 8. its 9. strategies 10. to make 二、完形填空 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. C 三、阅读理解 Passage A 1. C 2. A 3. C Passage B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B Passage C 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $